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https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mortimer-47
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en
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Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys (1371-1417)
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1371-02-12T00:00:00
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Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys born 1371 Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales died 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England including ancestors + descendants + 2 photos + 5 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.
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https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mortimer-47
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Lady Elizabeth Camoys formerly Mortimer aka Percy
Born 12 Feb 1371 in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales
Ancestors
Wife of Henry Percy KG KB — married before 10 Dec 1379 [location unknown]
Wife of Thomas (Camoys) de Camoys KG — married after 3 Jun 1406 in England
Descendants
Died 20 Apr 1417 at age 46 in Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England
Profile last modified 27 Oct 2023 | Created 19 Oct 2010
This page has been accessed 17,942 times.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Royal Ancestors
1.2 Early Life
1.3 Family
1.4 Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer
2 Sources
Biography
Royal Ancestors
Through her mother:
William I, "The Conqueror", King of England[1] - 9th great grandfather.
Henry II, King of England[2] - 6th great grandfather.
Philippe IV, King of France [3] - 3rd great grandfather.
Edward I, "Longshanks", King of England[4] - 3rd great grandfather.
Edward III, King of England[5] - Great grandfather.
Elizabeth Mortimer[6]
born c. 12 Feb 1371: Usk, Monmouthshire, England[5][7]
died 20 Apr 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire[5][7]
Early Life
p. Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March[6][8] and Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster[9]
m. 1359 Queen's Chapel, Reading, BRK[7]
Child: Elizabeth de MORTIMER
Child: Roger de MORTIMER
Child: Philippa de MORTIMER
Child: Edmund de MORTIMER
Child: John de MORTIMER
Family
m.1 Henry (Harry 'Hotspur') de Percy[10] 10 Dec 1379 Usk, Monmouthshire[7] Issue: 2 known.[10]
Henry de Percy[6]
Elizabeth Percy[6]
Marriage:
m.2 Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. Issue: 1 (Roger).[6][11]
Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer
Elizabeth (de) Mortimer was buried with her 2nd husband Sir Thomas Camoys, (died March 28, 1421) in St. George's Church, Trotton, West Sussex, England.
Per e-mail received from the Rector of the Trotton church, Edward Doyle, by Alton Rogers in August 2006, they have a tomb at St. George's Church that is in the chancel and goes right up to the altar rails. The Rector stated it is a very imposing tomb with brass plate of Elizabeth, Lord Camoys and a son.
Sources
↑ Great grandfather of Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror)
↑ Great grandfather of Edward I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England)
↑ Maternal grandfather of Edward III of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France)
↑ Grandfather of Edward III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England)
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mahler, Leslie: "Samuel Levis, Quaker Immigrant to Pennsylvania", The Genealogist, Spring 1999, Vol 13, No 1, p. 30-36 (PDF download)
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur)
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 399, 2nd Edition, 2011.
↑ Wikipedia: Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
↑ Wikipedia: Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
↑ 10.0 10.1 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur)
↑ Wikipedia: Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys
See also:
Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. IV. page 175
Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. IV p.355-357
TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 July 1994
Marlyn Lewis.
Foster, Joseph. The royal lineage of our noble and gentle families. Together with their paternal ancestry, Volume: 2. Publisher: London, Hatchards. Year: 1884. openlibrary.org
British History online: Trotton
This week's featured connections are Redheads: Elizabeth is 7 degrees from Catherine of Aragón, 19 degrees from Clara Bow, 28 degrees from Julia Gillard, 16 degrees from Nancy Hart, 18 degrees from Rutherford Hayes, 19 degrees from Rita Hayworth, 22 degrees from Leonard Kelly, 18 degrees from Rose Leslie, 21 degrees from Damian Lewis, 21 degrees from Maureen O'Hara, 25 degrees from Jopie Schaft and 19 degrees from Eirik Thorvaldsson on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members.
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https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/henry-hotspur-percy.html
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en
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res stock photography and images
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"Alamy Limited"
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Find the perfect henry hotspur percy stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
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Alamy
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https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/henry-hotspur-percy.html
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Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 21/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
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https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/
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Elizabeth Mortimer
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2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00
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Posts about Elizabeth Mortimer written by JuliaH
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en
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The History Jar
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https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/
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Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated.
Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words.
There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult.
Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys.
Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III.
If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior.
In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother –
During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law.
No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses.
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Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role.
As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth.
Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne.
It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV.
The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr.
It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester.
Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster.
Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV.
The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor.
Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time.
For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html
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I had thought three parts to this little series but having written today’s post which is largely about the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries I shall be extending it to four parts.
Generation 10 of Topcliffe/2 of Alnwick:
Henry Percy Junior was only sixteen when his father died in 1314. Initially John de Felton held his lands in ward but by the time he was twenty Edward II had granted Henry more lands in Northumbria than his father held. These had been part of Patrick Earl of March’s territory. Patrick was Scottish and the land offer reflects the way in which northern territories fluctuated between Scotland and England during troubled times. Henry was no more impressed with Edward II’s choice of male favourite than his father had been nor with the foreign policy and military prowess that saw the Scots raiding deep into Yorkshire.
In no particular order, Percy conspired against the Despensers and was made governor of both Pickering and Scarborough Castle. The northern Percy powerhouse was further built upon when he married into the Clifford family and Edward III granted him Warkwarth Castle. In 1346 he was one of the English commanders at the Battle of Neville’s Cross near Durham against the Scots which must have been a bit irritating given that he had gone to Scotland in 1327 to help negotiate a peace treaty with them.
Generation 3 of Alnwick:
The next generation Henry Percy was at the Battle of Crecy – so should probably be regarded as the Hundred Years War Percy. His correct title was the 3rdBaron Percy of Alnwick. His first wife was Mary of Lancaster – the best way of thinking of her is as Blanche of Lancaster’s aunt. Blanche was the first wife of John of Gaunt who is commemorated in the Book of the Duchess by Chaucer and whose land ensured that Gaunt was the wealthiest man in the country. Mary was a daughter of Henry III. With each marriage the Percy family made the wealth and the prestige of the family rose, as did the amount of land that they held and their proximity to the throne.
Generation 4 of Alnwick – 1st Earl of Northumberland:
The Percy family now found itself elevated to the earldom of Northumberland – after all Mary of Lancaster was a Plantagenet princess so it is only reasonable to suppose that her first born son should have a sufficiently impressive title. The first earl, yet another Henry Percy, was born in 1341. He supported Edward III and then he supported Richard II in his various official capacities on the borders. It was Richard who created him an earl at his coronation in 1377. Unfortunately despite being having been married to Margaret Neville, Percy was distinctly un-amused when his power base was eroded by Richard II who created his rival (and nephew-in-law) Ralph Neville the earl of Westmorland. The First Earl of Northumberland now had a hissy fit because of the creation of the First Earl of Westmorland. He swapped sides. Instead of backing Richard II against his enemies he supported Henry of Bolingbroke, John of Gaunt’s son, against Richard II. Bolingbroke duly became Henry IV and Percy found himself swaggering around with the title Constable of England.
Unfortunately in 1403 the earl swapped sides once more. He was slightly irritated by the outcome of the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. It was an English-Scots match that the English won. Percy stood to make rather a lot of cash from ransoming his Scottish prisoners. Unfortunately Henry IV was feeling the financial pinch and besides which felt that the Percys had too much power in the north. So he demanded all the hostages and gave Percy a fraction of their value. The earl was underwhelmed but didn’t immediately voice his irritation.
Having been given the task of subduing the Welsh in 1403, Percy and his son Harry Hotspur now joined with Owain Glyndwr. Hotspur died at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 but Henry IV couldn’t pin anything on the earl who hadn’t taken part in the battle. The most that Henry IV could do was remove the office of constable from Percy who didn’t learn the lesson and continued to conspire against Henry IV. In 1405 Percy decided to take a long holiday in Scotland for the sake of his health. He took Hotspur’s son with him. The earl returned to England in 1408 where he managed to get himself killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor near Tadcaster. This was the final battle in the Percy family rebellion against cousin Henry IV.
2nd Earl of Northumberland:
Hotspur’s son another Henry had spent most of his childhood in Scotland because both his father and grandfather were at loggerheads with the monarch. Very sensibly after his grandfather was killed the second earl remained safely in Scotland. It was only when Henry IV died that Henry Percy took the opportunity to be reconciled with the Crown. He was officially recognised as the 2ndearl in 1413.
He arrived back in England and settled down to a spot of feuding with his Neville relations. The Nevilles, particularly Richard Neville (aka the Kingmaker) and his father the Earl of Salisbury were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy family supported Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset. Ironically the 2ndearl’s mother was Elizabeth Mortimer, the grand-daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, so you would have thought that he would have been more sympathetic to Richard of York who based his claims on his descent from Lionel. Not only that but his return to the earldom had been smoothed by Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. She also arranged his marriage to Eleanor Neville – her second daughter with the Earl of Westmorland – making the Earl of Salisbury Percy’s brother-in-law and the Kingmaker his nephew. Talk about a tangled family web.
I’ve blogged about Eleanor Neville and the Battle of Heworth Moor before so there is no need to write about it again. Enough to say that it demonstrates the depths to which the feud had sunk. And things were about to get worse. The earl was born in 1393 and died on 22 May 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans. It was a comprehensive victory for the Yorkists and according to the chronicles of the time an opportunity for Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to settle some personal scores – the death of the Earl of Northumberland being on his “to do” list. Obviously it didn’t help the relations between the Percy and Neville families as the Wars of the Roses spiralled towards the bloodiest battle in English history.
3rd Earl of Northumberland:
Another Henry Percy, swearing vengeance for his father’s death was one of the commanders of the army that surrounded Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury at Wakefield. The deaths of Richard, his son Edmund and the Earl of Salisbury on the 30 December 1460 were part of the continuing vendetta.
The victors of Wakefield were now joined by Margaret of Anjou’s army. They marched south and won the Second Battle of St Albans but stopped short of taking London. Various armies marched back and forth but for the purposes of this post the next time we need to focus is at the Battle of Ferrybridge – 27 March 1461. Northumberland was supposed to stop the Yorkists from crossing the River Aire at Castleford whilst Lord Clifford held Ferrybridge for the Lancastrians. Lets just say that Northumberland arrived at Castleford late allowing Lord Fauconberg and his men to cross the river and come around behind the Lancastrians who retreated to Dintingdale (28th March) where Lord Clifford was killed by an arrow.
On the 29thMarch 1461, blinded by a snowstorm the 3rdEarl commanded the van of the Lancastrian army. Closing with the enemy he was killed.
Edward IV was now the only king in England and issued an act of attainder against all the Lancastrian nobility who had fought at Towton. Edward now rewarded the Nevilles who supported the House of York and punished the Percys who supported the house of Lancaster.
John Neville, Earl of Northumberland.
John was the Kingmaker’s younger brother. He was created Earl of Northumberland in 1464 after he had spent three years finishing off the Lancastrian threat in the north. Unfortunately for John, the Kingmaker became increasingly dissatisfied with Edward IV who, in return, became increasingly suspicious of his cousin. In 1470 Edward removed John from post and gave him the tile the Marquis of Montagu and assorted lands to compensate for the loss of the earldom of Northumberland. It did not go down well with the Neville family who did not see any need for the balance of power in the North to be restored by the return of the Percy family.
Edward was forced to flee his realm in October 1470 but returned in 1471. John had not regained his title to Northumberland despite his brother effectively ruling England with a puppet king in the form of Henry VI on the throne. Rather than attack Edward when he landed at Ravenspur, Neville simply shadowed the returned Yorkist king. Ulitmately Neville would died at the Battle of Barnet along with his brother.
4th Earl of Northumberland:
Henry Percy (what a surprise) was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison in the aftermath of Towton (he was about 12 at the time) and from there he was sent to the Tower in 1464. In 1469 after swearing fealty to Edward IV he was released. He then set about trying to get his estates returned. He petitioned for the reversal of his father’s attainder though this was not granted by Parliament until 1473.
Interestingly his wife was Maud Herbert, the girl who Henry Tudor should have married had events not unfolded as they did in 1470. They had eleven children.
Henry Percy went back to doing what the Earls of Northumberland had been doing for a very long time – i.e. ruling vast tracts of land and skirmishing with the Scots. He held many of the important government posts in the north of England which were traditional in his family including from 10 May 1483, as protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, confirmed the fourth earl of Northumberland’s appointment as warden-general of the east and middle marches ‘during the space and time of a whole year’, after which it was renewed for five months but perhaps it would appear not as much power from Richard III as he had hoped. Naturally enough he fought at Bosworth where he commanded the right wing of Richard III’s army. The Percys were naturally Lancastrian by inclination. Percy’s father and grandfather had died for Henry VI. Some historians says that Percy betrayed Richard III by holding his forces back from action. Percy’s northern levies weren’t committed to the battle.
If Northumberland had been a metaphorical spoke in Richard’s wheel he wasn’t very well rewarded by Henry Tudor who now became Henry VII. Northumberland, along with the earls of Westmoreland and Surrey was taken into custody and kept in prison for several months, being released only under strict conditions of good behaviour. He was restored to his position as warden but with curtailed powers. Henry may not have trusted him but Percy knew how to protect England’s northern border. He was also at hand to help defeat the Yorkist forces that gathered during the Lambert Simnel rebellion in 1487.
In 1489 Northumberland was part of the king’s administration gathering £100,000 of tax. This led to the Yorkshire Rebellion. Northumberland had to deal with the resistance of Yorkshiremen to the tenth of incomes demanded for Henry’s Breton war and for the raising of a force against the Scots. Things can’t have gone well for the Earl as his own tenants were up in arms. He was so alarmed that on Saturday, 24 April, he wrote to Sir Robert Plumpton from Seamer, close to Scarborough, ordering him to secretly bring as many armed men as he could to Thirsk by the following Monday. It didn’t do him much good.
On Wednesday, 28 April, having gathered a force estimated at eight hundred men, he came into conflict with the commons, whose ringleader was one John a Chamber, near Thirsk, at a place variously called Cockledge or Blackmoor Edge, and was killed. Popular history claims it wasn’t so much the tax collection that irritated the locals as the fact that as good Yorkshire men their loyalty lay with Richard III.
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Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York.
Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin.
There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it.
But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III.
Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt.
Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned).
Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates.
Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances.
Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned!
Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs.
Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned.
However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer.
Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught.
If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March.
Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed.
However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI.
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The Queens of Innis Lear
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2020-01-03T10:15:32-05:00
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https://www.torforgeblog.com/tag/the-queens-of-innis-lear/
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Lady Hotspur author Tessa Gratton is no stranger to adapting Shakespeare. She took on King Lear in her 2018 novel The Queens of Innis Lear, and with Lady Hotspur, she’s taken on Henry IV, Part I. Tessa joined us to talk adaptations, queer reimaginings, and her unconventional favorite Shakespeare play.
By Tessa Gratton
I’v e been obsessed with Prince Hal and his mirror/foil Hotspur ever since I studied Henry IV, Part I in a college class called “Weird Shakespeare” during my freshman year in 2000. For the final, another young woman and I performed their confrontation—broadswords and all. I played Hal—playful, self-loathing, ambitious Hal—and he’s never left me.
I’ve gone through phases where my obsession shifted to the forthright, blustering warrior Hotspur, or Hotspur’s sharp, passionate wife Kate Percy, and have taken every opportunity to see performances of Part I in particular, though any of the Henriad will do it for me. I’ve liked to imagine different endings to the play, wondered what would have changed had Hal and Hotspur met before the battle that destroyed Hotspur, or how Lady Percy might’ve acted to shift the arc of the story. I imagined Hal and Hotspur childhood lovers, now made enemies for the sake of their kingmaker fathers. Over the years I sought out some fanfic to read, toyed with rewriting scenes myself, and assumed someday I’d make a novel of my obsessions.
After finishing The Queens of Innis Lear, my feminist fantasy adaptation of my least favorite Shakespeare play, I was finally ready to adapt my most favorite Shakespeare play, and one thing was immediately obvious: Hal and Hotspur would be women, and lovers, and maybe I could take everything that I loved in the play and, well, make it gayer.
When writing a queer adaptation, the first thing I do is dig into the source material to find the queer space and threads of queerness that are already present. As it turns out, a lot of analysis of Henry IV, Part I includes queer readings, though not always overtly, or even intentionally. When you look at queer space as liminal space, and how space itself can be queered, you don’t even have to consider sexual desire or gender to find a queer reading.
The play is the story of Prince Hal, a reluctant heir to the throne, dragging himself out of the gutter to take up his father’s mantle and defeat the rebellious Hotspur. Hal exists in three spaces: the court, the taverns, and the countryside, each ruled by another character. His father, the king, represents court and chivalry, familial duty, and secularism. Falstaff, the drunken, fat former knight, represents the taverns and debauchery, survival, brotherhood, and importantly, imagination and humor. Hotspur represents the old world where the lord and land are one, and the more ancient religious kinds of duty and the chivalry of nature.
Hal was born into the court, fled to the taverns, and must confront the old world before he can triumph as a prince and earn his eventual crown. As a character he exists between these spaces, in the shadows, a trickster who alone has the capacity to go from debauchery to chivalry and back, from play to duty and back, and combine the skills he learns in each space to better perform in the others. His success at learning to maneuver through different spaces is shown when he superimposes the worlds of court and tavern over each other in the scene where he and Falstaff act out Hal’s meeting with the king, trading roles and jokes, and in that moment of queered space Hal is able to tell Falstaff a single true thing about their future; later, just before fighting Hotspur, Hal says to his rival, “all the budding honors on thy crest I’ll crop to make a garland for my head.” He will take onto himself everything that Hotspur was, by confronting and killing him. He will become Hotspur, taking over his space and triumphant identity.
This is just one possible queer reading of Hal, but it’s one I like because I’m interested in carving queer space within existing power structures, and so I used this reading specifically in developing my adaptation. Additionally, since I was setting the story in the same world as The Queens of Innis Lear, I also knew I wanted to use themes I’d begun pulling apart in my King Lear adaptation to continue investigating connections between power, patriarchy, and rebellion, and nature, relationships, and magic.
Except this time, I was going to center queer narratives.
That became my foundational goal: to adapt Henry IV, Part I with an eye toward integrating queer lives into narratives of power.
First of all, I took the men in the play and made them women or pushed them a lot closer toward woman on the gender spectrum, and did the reverse for the few women in the source material. Second, I gave nearly all the main characters some variety of queer desire.
When it came to building my world and story so that I could focus on queering narratives and structures of power, I returned to the queer analysis of Prince Hal as a trickster moving between spaces. My Hal is a young cis lesbian desperately in love with the bright warrior woman Hotspur, but she doesn’t know how to be what her mother needs her to be for the stability of their new order, nor can she remain debauched in the shadows with her Falstaff—Oldcastle, in my version.
I kept two of the three spaces central to the play: court and taverns. The court is ruled by Hal’s mother the queen, who struggles to maintain a traditional, secular patriarchy when she herself has rebelled against it and has been betrayed by it, because she can’t imagine any other kind of power structure. The taverns are ruled by Lady Ianta Oldcastle, a lesbian and former-knight who has also been betrayed by those same power structures that harmed the queen. Ianta encourages debauchery and small playful rebellions because she no longer believes there is space for queer women in the halls of power, so queer women should focus on survival and find pleasure where and how they can.
But the third space is not merely the old world, the landscape, it is the island of Lear. For a hundred years power on Innis Lear has existed in direct opposition to Hal’s country Aremoria: on Innis Lear they do not rely on that old heteronormative institute of marriage for their lines of succession; their magic comes from a wilder, freer union between earth and wind and stars; genderfluid witches care for the forests; the dead are caught between life and heaven; the current rulers include a queen and her sister, an openly queer crown prince, and a transgender princess.
These are the landscapes Hal must map out for herself in my adaptation, must learn to commune with, finding ways to be herself, carving space for her friends and loved ones to claim identities outside the traditionally accepted without giving up any her/their power. It isn’t an option for her to burn everything down, but she is uniquely positioned to reframe the narrative of her entire country, if she can survive with her heart intact.
Lady Hotspur is a big, sprawling fantasy that delves in to the relationships and humor and politics of Henry IV, Part I that obsessed me for nearly twenty years. But throughout every round of writing and revision I tried to keep that core tension present: Hal and Hotspur loving and hating and loving and fighting each other. In the original text, Hal says to Hotspur that he will take everything Hotspur was and make it part of himself through necessary violence; in my adaptation, Hal says to her Hotspur, “What if I love you so well it changes the very landscape of our world?”
Both of these positions have a different relationship with power: one is patriarchal and consuming and violent; the other is queer and creative and playful. It’s that difference in approaches to power and the tension of possibility created in their clashing that is at the heart of what I was trying to do by centering queerness in my adaptation.
I hope I at least succeeded in writing a dramatic, wild, and passionate story that engages with the source material in new ways. It’s amazing to me that after twenty years of thinking about a four-hundred-year-old play I can still find so many threads and spaces to pull or inhabit, but I’m happy to be part of the long story of Shakespeare’s plays and what keeps them alive through new interpretations.
Order Your Copy of Lady Hotspur:
Classic Tales, Modern Tellers: 5 Retellings to Check Out
By Alison Bunis
Everybody’s got their favorite classic novel. And these days, everybody’s got their favorite retelling of a classic novel, too. Personally, if we’re talking movies, I stand by Clueless until the end of time. If we’re talking books, though, there are so many incredible options that it’s pretty much impossible to choose just one. To help you out, here are five of my favorites! I tried to pick a wide range, but I’m not gonna lie, you guys, I like what I like. So let’s kick things off with my current favorite…
Lady Hotspur by Tessa Gratton
Gather ye round, my fellow Shakespeare nerds: Tessa Gratton has given us an incredible gift. She’s already reimagined King Lear as an entrancing fantasy novel with The Queens of Innis Lear.
Now she’s turned Henry IV Part I into a heart-stopping novel of betrayal, battlefields, and destiny, Lady Hotspur. Here’s a glimpse at the characters to give you a quick taste of what it’s about:
Hal Bolinbroke: A lady knight known for playing tricks and causing scandals, Hal is suddenly made heir to the kingdom when the mother she has not seen since childhood wins the crown. She loathes being a Prince but yearns to live up to the wishes of everyone she loves best—even if that means sacrificing her own heart.
Banna Mora: Heir to the overthrown king, Banna Mora is faced with an agonizing choice: give up everything she’s been raised to love and allow a king-killer to be rewarded—or retake the throne and take up arms against Prince Hal, her childhood best friend.
Lady Hotspur: The fiery and bold knight who stands between these two fierce Princes, and whose support may turn the tides of the coming war and decide everyone’s fates.
Tessa Gratton’s lush, lyrical fantasy world is the perfect setting for this gender-swapped retelling. Mark your calendars, Shakespeare-loving friends: Lady Hotspur hits shelves in January!
Black Leviathan by Bernd Perplies
Buckle up, everybody, because Black Leviathan is the Herman Melville classic Moby Dick—but with dragons. You heard me. Moby Dick. Except instead of whales, it’s dragons, instead of “Call me Ishmael,” dragons, and instead of chapters on whaling technique, more dragons. And don’t worry, the revenge stuff is still in there. Seriously, what more do you need?
In the coastal city Skargakar, dragon-hunting powers the economy. Dragons are used in everything from clothing to food, while airborne ships hunt them in the white expanse of a cloud sea, the Cloudmere. Lian does his part carving the kyrillian crystals that power the ships through the Cloudmere, but when he makes an enemy of a dangerous man, Lian ships out on the next vessel available. But he chooses the wrong ship. The fanatic captain, Adaron, hunts the Firstborn Gargantuan—and he is prepared to sacrifice everything for revenge.
You know what they say… revenge is a dish best served with dragons. (This particular dish comes out February 25th, 2020.)
Nottingham by Nathan Makaryk
Most authors retelling a classic start with their favorite book, story, legend, myth…Not Nathan Makaryk. He saw all the things he hated about the Robin Hood legend, and he just had to rewrite the whole thing into an epic novel that examines who’s really the hero or villain of a story. Think less Men-In-Tights and more historically-accurate Game of Thrones.
The setup is a political nightmare: King Richard is half a world away, fighting for God and his own ambition. Back home, his country languishes, bankrupt and on the verge of anarchy. People with power are running unchecked. People without are growing angry. And in Nottingham, one of the largest shires in England, the sheriff seems intent on doing nothing about it. But don’t worry, Robin Hood and his Merry Men are here to save the day! Steal from the greedy rich and give to the poor! …Not really. Nothing is that simple in this world. Instead, the lives of six people—Arable, a servant girl with a secret, Robin and William, soldiers running from their pasts, Marion, a noblewoman working for change, Guy of Gisbourne, Nottingham’s beleaguered guard captain, and Elena Gamwell, a brash, ambitious thief—become intertwined. And a strange story begins to spread…
Briar Rose by Jane Yolen
No list about retellings is complete without including a fairy tale reimagining. It’s kind of a rule. And Jane Yolen’s Briar Rose, a historically sensitive retelling of Sleeping Beauty set amid forests patrolled by the German army during World War II, is a terrifically moving, graceful entry into the fairy tale retelling genre.
It starts off with a tale being passed down through the generations: Since childhood, Rebecca has been enchanted by her grandmother Gemma’s stories of Briar Rose, a young girl who arrived at a castle controlled by an evil army in the Polish forest during the summer of 1942. As Gemma tells it, Briar Rose was corrupted by dark deeds and choked by poisonous mist, and plunged into a deep sleep in the castle that soon came to be known as Chełmno extermination camp. Becca would have sworn the stories were made up, but on her deathbed Gemma extracts from Becca a promise to fulfill three impossible requests: find the castle, find the prince, and find the spell-maker. Her vow sends Becca on a remarkable journey to uncover the truth of Gemma’s astonishing claim: She is Briar Rose.
Miranda and Caliban by Jacqueline Carey
Another Shakespeare retelling? Yes. Let’s go there with Jacqueline Carey’s gorgeous retelling of The Tempest. We all know the tale of Prospero’s quest for revenge, but what about Miranda? Or Caliban, the so-called savage? In Miranda and Caliban, Jacqueline Carey gives us their side of the story: the dutiful and tenderhearted Miranda, who loves her father but is terribly lonely. And Caliban, the strange and feral boy Prospero has bewitched to serve him. The two find solace and companionship in each other as Prospero weaves his magic and dreams of revenge. Always under Prospero’s jealous eye, Miranda and Caliban battle the dark, unknowable forces that bind them to the island even as the pangs of adolescence create a new awareness of each other and their doomed relationship.
Happy New Releases Day! Here’s what went on sale today.
A Memory Called Empire by Arkady Martine
Ambassador Mahit Dzmare arrives in the center of the multi-system Teixcalaanli Empire only to discover that her predecessor, the previous ambassador from their small but fiercely independent mining Station, has died. But no one will admit that his death wasn’t an accident—or that Mahit might be next to die, during a time of political instability in the highest echelons of the imperial court.
Now, Mahit must discover who is behind the murder, rescue herself, and save her Station from Teixcalaan’s unceasing expansion—all while navigating an alien culture that is all too seductive, engaging in intrigues of her own, and hiding a deadly technological secret—one that might spell the end of her Station and her way of life—or rescue it from annihilation.
NEW IN PAPERBACK
A Dog’s Journey by W. Bruce Cameron
Audiences are invited along on A Dog’s Journey, the next chapter of the beloved bestselling series by author W. Bruce Cameron. The family film told from the dog’s perspective serves as the much-anticipated follow-up to the soulful story of one devoted dog who finds the meaning of his own existence through the lives of the humans he teaches to laugh and love.
After searching for his purpose through several eventful lives, Buddy is sure that he has found and fulfilled it. Yet as he watches curious baby Clarity get into dangerous mischief, he is certain that this little girl is very much in need of a dog of her own.
When Buddy is reborn, he realizes that he has a new destiny. He’s overjoyed when he is adopted by Clarity, now a vibrant but troubled teenager. When they are suddenly separated, Buddy despairs—who will take care of his girl?
The Queens of Innis Lear by Tessa Gratton
Three Queens. One crown. All out war.
Gaela. Ruthless Commander.
I am the rightful heir of Innis Lear. No more will I wait in the shadows and watch my mother’s murderer bleed my island dry.
The King’s hold on the crown must end—willingly or at the edge of my sword.
Regan. Master Manipulator.
To secure my place on the throne, I must produce an heir. Countless times I have fed the island’s forests my blood. Yet, my ambition is cursed.
No matter what or whom I must destroy, I will wield the magic of Innis Lear.
Elia. Star-blessed Priest.
My sisters hide in the shadows like serpents, waiting to strike our ailing king. I must protect my father, even if it means marrying a stranger.
We all have to make sacrifices. Love and freedom will be mine.
To Right the Wrongs by Sheryl Scarborough
Erin Blake has one goal for summer vacation: leave behind her reputation as the girl whose mom was murdered, and just be normal girl enjoying her first real romance.
Unfortunately — or maybe fortunately for a mystery fanatic — her hot new boyfriend has an unsolved murder in his own past. When Journey was a baby, his father was convicted of the murder of a teenage runaway and sent to prison.
Journey barely remembers his father, but he’s been researching the case and something doesn’t add up. His father had no reason to kill anyone, much less a teenager, and he’s always maintained his innocence. Journey’s convinced he was framed.
Hopefully, he and Victor, the former FBI crime scene expert, will be able to prove it. But if Journey’s father didn’t do it, that means somebody else did— and after getting away with it for sixteen years, that person could be more dangerous than ever.
So, Erin and her friends are under strict orders not to meddle in the case…but that’s easier said than done.
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Sir Thomas Mortimer; A Mortimer bastard & the case of a frère.
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Whilst looking up some Mortimer related stuff online I stumbled across an argument about Sir Thomas Mortimer in a genealogy group. I didn't comment but read the comments with interest. Whilst quite aware of Sir Thomas and the questions over his legitimacy I had been unaware of the argument of Nicholas Harris Nicolas in his…
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Whilst looking up some Mortimer related stuff online I stumbled across an argument about Sir Thomas Mortimer in a genealogy group. I didn’t comment but read the comments with interest. Whilst quite aware of Sir Thomas and the questions over his legitimacy I had been unaware of the argument of Nicholas Harris Nicolas in his 1826 Testamenta Vetusta, a collection of wills. Whilst also being aware of and having a copy of the will of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd earl of March in its original French I confess, I had never seen Harris’ English translation of it. The argument over Thomas centred on whether he was even a brother of earl Edmund and if so, was he legitimate? Some were claiming that he was not a brother of the earl sans Harris, others saying he was and then arguing over whether he was legitimate or not. It was actually quite entertaining. But anyway, I decided to have a look at the Harris work myself and it seems that the question over the relationship between Thomas and earl Edmund hinged on the word frère (spelt friere by Mortimer & Harris) and the nature of its meaning which could mean brother or friar. It all seemed quite obvious to me, being quite familiar with the will in its original French, so I thought that I would write about it on this blog. The two texts I shall be referring to are as follows;
* A collection of all the wills now known to be extant of the Kings and Queens of England, Princes and Princesses of Wales, and every branch of the Blood Royal from the reign of William the Conqueror to that of Henry the Seventh Exclusive. MDCCLXXX (John Nichols)
**Testamenta Vetusta, Nicholas Harris Nicolas, MDCCCXXVI
Thomas Mortimer has a unique status in the Mortimer family. Whilst certainly a son of Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March, it is not known with any certitude if he was a legitimate or a bastard son. He is not mentioned in the Wigmore Chronicle which makes an illegitimate birth all the more likely. However the version of the chronicle that survives today is many time copied and his exclusion may be a mistake yet still quite implausible.[1.]
Thomas is thought to have been born around 1350 although possibly sooner (aft. 1346).[2.] We cannot say with any certainty that he was born before his Fathers marriage to Philippa Montagu as we do not have a date for their marriage.[3.] There are no clear dates for the two sons of Roger 2nd earl and his wife, with the eldest, Roger, thought to have been born around 1350/1 and the second son and eventual heir Edmund being born around 1351/2. This does admittedly mean that Thomas could have been a younger son, but this is improbable for reasons that shall be discussed below. Nothing is known of Thomas’ childhood but given his close relationship with his brother earl Edmund they were probably raised together. In his will, proved on January 22nd 1382, the earl twice referred to Thomas as “our brother” and left him £100.[4.]
There is some controversy over the mention of Thomas’ appearance in the will of his brother, however with some scrutiny it can be cleared up and perhaps lends a clue to the uncertainty of his presumed status as an illegitimate son of his Father. As aforementioned Thomas is mentioned twice in the will. In the 1780 inclusion of earl Edmund’s will of 1380 (in French) he is referred to as ‘Thomas notre fiere’ (Thomas our brother). The author of the 1780 book notes that only one brother, Roger, was mentioned by William Dugdale in his Monasticon Anglicanum but concludes that given the inclusion of “Thomas notre fiere” in Edmund’s will then there must have been another brother; Thomas himself.
Nicholas Harris’ published collection of wills in 1826 includes earl Edmunds will translated into English and challenges the 1780 version stating that the author made a mistake with his translation, also noting that Dugdale does not mention Thomas Mortimer and that earl Edmund’s Mother Philippa does not mention having a son called Thomas in her own will.[5.] Harris concludes that such a brother of earl Edmund never existed and the twice mentioned Thomas was a friar, ‘friere’ translating as ‘brother’ as well as ‘friar’ supposing that earl Edmund meant “Brother Thomas.” It is incredibly unlikely that earl Edmund would leave anybody the princely sum of £100 bar his heir, (worth nearly £50,000 today)[6.] equally unlikely is the idea that countess Philippa would have ignored the existence of her son Thomas when she sealed her will. This supports the idea that Thomas was not her son at least and was therefore illegitimate.
Having further studied the 1780 French version of the will (certainly written in French in 1380) it becomes clear that the mistake lays with the 1826 version and it is hard to draw any conclusion other than being deliberate purely so Harris did not detract from Dugdale’s
Monasticon Anglicanum in any way.[7.] As above mentioned, the fault actually lays in Harris’ translation in which he appears to deliberately omit key words. In his will earl Edmund bequeaths “a plate of silver for spices enamelled with the Mortimer arms on the bottom” to Friar John Gilbert, bishop of Hereford “Friere John Gilbert, évêque (sic.evefq’) de Hereford” as well as a hanaper to Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland “notre très cher friere Monsieur Henri, Count de Northumberland.” Notice the difference between the use of friere for a clergyman, John Gilbert and that of a layman, Henry Percy. For Gilbert earl Edmund calls him friere John, Friar John, whereas for Percy it is notre très cher Henry- our dear brother. Harris notes that because of the marriage of Henry Percy’s son, Henry “Hotspur” to earl Edmund’s daughter Elizabeth Mortimer, the earl considered earl Henry his brother.
It appears that Harris was determined to reject any notion that the Thomas mentioned in earl Edmund’s will was the son of Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March at all. Harris completely ignores earl Edmund referring to Thomas “notre friere” despite including the original French text after Thomas’ name purely to make a point that friere in the instance of Thomas simply means friar. Unfortunately he then completely ignores his point about earl Henry Percy also being referred to as friere. Interestingly despite his use of the original French text following Thomas’ name, he omits the “notre” suffix, meaning “our” despite including it for Percy. Without the “notre” the text simply translates as Thomas brother, not brother Thomas. Upon reinserting the original text into Harris’ translation shows that earl Edmund, speaking in third person, quite simply meant “Thomas my brother” as he refers to his sons as “notre filz Roger/Edmund“; our (my) son(s).
Harris goes further and decides that Thomas could not possibly be the brother of the earl because of where he was placed in bequeaths between Sir John de Bishopston, a clerk and Sir William Ford, a knight of his household. Sir John de Bishopston whilst indeed a clerk but had also been a feoffee and executor for Edmund’s Father who had been dead for twenty years. Bishopston was clearly a man with a long service to the family and held in great trust also. It is not accurate to dismiss him as a mere clerk. Thomas himself, on May 1st 1380 when the will was sealed had not been knighted and was indeed, merely a member of the household of his brother.
Finally it must be noted that the Harris translation is a simplified and edited version of the original French version included in the 1780 book. For example;
Harris 1826 “To our daughter Philippa, a coronet of gold with stones and 200 pearls”
French version 1780 “Notre fille Phillipe, un coronal d’ove perie et deuz cents graund perles et auxi en fercle ove roses, emeraudes et rubies d’alisaundre.”
In conclusion; yes Thomas was the brother of Edmund, 3rd earl of March and if Harris had read Adam Usks chronicle then he would have noted that Thomas was described as the uncle of Roger Mortimer, 4th earl of March- Edmund’s son.[8.] He appears to have leaned heavily on Dugdale which is not without problems of its own like any work. There are problems with the 1780 version of the will, the author makes a note of earl Edmund’s children, putting the order of births to make the boys older and the girls younger and then rather strangely refers to the marriage of Sir Edmund Mortimer (b.1376) and Catrin Glyn Dwr as being a fabrication claiming that “some historians pretend that he married a daughter of Owen Glendour.” [9.] [Read; the historians weren’t pretending. It happened.]
I was intending on writing about Thomas Mortimer as I mentioned in my article about his nephew Sir Edmund Mortimer. I will be writing more in-depth about his life and career, particularly during the 1380s and his eventual downfall. Now. Do I go back and tell those arguing people on the genealogy group that they should never take translations at face value?
Notes
1. The birth of the eldest son of Roger Mortimer 1st earl of March, Edmund Mortimer (Thomas’ grandfather) was not recorded by the Wigmore Chronicle either.
2. See Cal.Pat. Rolls. Edward III 1367-1370 vol xiii. October 23rd 1367. At Sheen by letter of secret seal. Thomas Mortymer esq, from the ports of Southampton or Plymouth with 2 yeoman, 3 hackneys as above and 50l. p.54 membrane 20d- cont. The men listed under the letter of secret seal around the same time as Thomas Mortimer are nearly all of the retinue of Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick; his uncle. It is likely that of age at this point thereabouts 1346/1349 birth more likely. Thomas was to remain an esquire until 1380.
3. Philippa’s Father William Montagu, 1st earl of Salisbury bought the marriage of Roger Mortimer in 1336 when Roger was eight and Philippa younger.
4. “Item nous devisons a Thomas notre friere cent livres” See Royal Wills, (1780) p.112
5. It is not impossible however. In her 1356 will, Elizabeth de Bohun nee de Badlesmere countess of Northampton by her second marriage to William de Bohun left her son Humphrey a silver cup and a ring, and her daughter Elizabeth a bed. She also bequeathed various other items to her surviving sisters. There is no mention of her eldest son by her first marriage; Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March.
6. He left his second son and namesake Edmund 300 marks a year in land.
7. Harris also translated the 1403 will of Agnes Bardolph. This lady was a widow who remarried to Thomas Mortimer circa 1386. Despite her clear assertion that she was the widow of Sir Thomas Mortimer, knight, Harris ignores the mention of Thomas Mortimer actually having existed and remarks that Dugdale states that her second husband was actually Sir Roger Mortimer. See Testamenta Vetusta, p.162 fn.2.
8. See the Chronicle of Adam of Usk who praises Thomas as a vigorous knight.
9. See Royal Wills (1780) p. 113 fn. 3.
Warm thanks to Alistair J. Dunn for the PDF of Testamenta Vetusta and the checking of my translation.
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The StoryGraph
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Sir Henry Percy
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Born: 20-Mar-1364
Died: 21-Jul-1403
Location of death: Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Cause of death: War
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Military
Nationality: England
Executive summary: Hotspur
Sir Henry Percy, called Hotspur, eldest son of Henry, 1st Earl of Northumberland, was born on the 20th of March 1364. He saw active service when he was fourteen at the siege of Berwick. Six years later he was associated with his father in the wardenship of the eastern march of Scotland, and his zeal in border warfare won the name of Hotspur for him from his opponents. In 1386 he was sent to Calais, and raided French territory, but was shortly afterwards recalled to defend England against a naval attack by France. In popular story and ballad he is known as one of the heroes of Otterburn or Chevy Chase, which is the subject of one of the most stirring recitals of Froissart. In the summer of 1388 the Scots invaded England by way of Carlisle, sending a small body under the earls of Douglas, Mar and Moray to invade Northumberland. The Earl of Northumberland remained at Alnwick, but sent his sons Sir Henry and Sir Ralph against the enemy. In hand-to-hand fighting before the walls of Newcastle, Douglas is said to have won Sir Henry's pennon, which he swore to fix upon the walls of Dalkeith. The Scots then retreated to Otterburn, where Percy, who was bent on recovering his pennon, attacked them on a fine August evening in 1388. Douglas was slain in the battle, though not, as is stated by Walsingham, by Percy's hand: Henry Percy was captured by Sir John Montgomery, and his brother Ralph by Sir John Maxwell. Hotspur was released on the payment of a heavy ransom, to which King Richard II contributed £3000, and in the autumn his term as warden of Carlisle and the West March was extended to five years. In 1399 together with his father he joined Henry of Lancaster. King Henry IV gave the charge of the West March to Northumberland, while Henry Percy received the castles of Bamburgh, Roxburgh and Berwick, and the wardenship of the East March, with a salary of £3000 in peace time and £12,000 in war. During the first year of Henry's reign Hotspur further was appointed justiciar of North Wales and constable of the castles of Chester, Flint, Conway, Denbigh and Carnarvon. Henry also gave him a grant of the island of Anglesey, with the castle of Beaumaris. William and Rees ap Tudor captured Conway Castle on the 1st of April 1401, and Percy in company with the prince of Wales set out to recover the place, Percy providing the funds. In May he reported to the king the pacification of Merioneth and Carnarvon, and before the end of the month Conway was surrendered to him. Meanwhile he wrote demanding arrears of pay, with the threat of resignation if the money were not forthcoming, but the king intimated that the loss of Conway had been due to his negligence, and only sent part of the money. He had the same difficulty in obtaining money for his northern charge that he had experienced in Wales. Anglesey was taken from him, and he was deprived of Roxburgh Castle in favor of his rival, the Earl of Westmorland. The Scots again invaded England in the autumn of 1402, headed by the Earl of Douglas and Murdoch Stewart, son of the Duke of Albany. Northumberland and Hotspur barred their way at Millfield, near Wooler, and the Scots were compelled to fight at Humbledon, or Homildon Hill, on the 14th of September. The English archers were provided with a good target in the masses of the Scottish spearmen, and Hotspur was restrained from charging by his ally, George Dunbar, Earl of March. The Scottish army was almost destroyed, while the English loss is said to have been five men. Disputes with the king arose over the disposal of the Scottish prisoners, Percy insisting on his right to hold Douglas as his personal prisoner, and he was summoned to court to explain. It is related that when he arrived Henry asked for Douglas, and Hotspur demanded in return that his brother-in-law, Edmund Mortimer, should be allowed to ransom himself from Owen Glendower, with whom he was a prisoner. High words followed, in the course of which Henry called Percy a traitor, struck him on the face, and drew his sword on him. Percy is said to have answered this defiance with the words, "Not here, but on the field." This was late in 1402, and in 1403 Hotspur issued a proclamation in Cheshire stating that Richard II was alive, and summoning the inhabitants to his standard. He made common cause with his prisoner Douglas, and marched south to join forces with Glendower, who was now reconciled with Mortimer. He was reinforced by his uncle Thomas, Earl of Worcester, who, although steward to the household of the Prince of Wales, joined his family in rebellion. The mythical Richard II was heard of no more, and Percy made himself the champion of the young Earl of March. When he arrived at the Castle Foregate, Shrewsbury, early on the 21st of July, and demanded provisions, he found the king's forces had arrived before him. He retired in the direction of Whitchurch, and awaited the enemy about 3.5 miles from Shrewsbury. After a long parley, in which a truce of two days was even said to have been agreed on, the Scottish Earl of March, fighting on the royal side, forced on the battle in the afternoon, the royal right being commanded by the Prince of Wales Hotspur was killed, the earls of Douglas and Worcester, Sir Richard Venables of Kinderton, and Sir Richard Vernon were captured, and the rebel army dispersed. Worcester, Venables, and Vernon were executed the next day. Percy's body was buried at Whitchurch, but was disinterred two days later to be exhibited at Shrewsbury. The head was cut off, and fixed on one of the gates of York.
Wife: Lady Elizabeth Mortimer
Son: Henry Percy (b. 3-Feb-1392, d. 22-May-1455)
Daughter: Lady Elizabeth Percy (d. 26-Oct-1437)
Daughter: Matilda Percy
Knight of the British Empire
Ransomed 1388
Order of the Garter 1388
Do you know something we don't?
Submit a correction or make a comment about this profile
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Discovering Elizabeth Mortimer – Historia Magazine
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"Anne O'Brien"
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2018-08-09T09:00:25+01:00
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https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico
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https://www.historiamag.com/discovering-elizabeth-mortimer/
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Anne O’Brien brings us a tale of ambition, treachery and betrayal in the reign of King Henry IV.
Elizabeth Mortimer was one of the powerful medieval Mortimer family that dominated the Welsh Marches where I now live. It is difficult to ignore them round here if you have an interest in medieval history. I am surrounded by Mortimer castles, such as the impressive bulk of Ludlow (above), the much ruined Wigmore to the north, or Usk to the south; churches which the Mortimers enhanced with their tombs and stained glass, as at Much Marcle; the battlefields, notably Mortimer’s Cross, where they fought to enforce their power. Since coming to live in this part of the world twenty years ago my Mortimer interest has bloomed.
The real Mortimer power was established in the early years of the 14th century by Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March, although his execution in 1330 for his role in the deposition of King Edward II could easily have destroyed it. A lenient Edward III restored the property and wealth to Roger’s widow, her grandson Roger became the second Earl of March, and future Mortimers made their loyalties to the Plantagenets clear. Thus the Mortimers received royal acclaim and so were not eclipsed. Their power was centred at Wigmore Castle on its rocky outcrop, the family buried at Wigmore Priory, until they moved their main base to Ludlow which Earl Roger had made into luxurious living accommodation as well as a formidable fortress.
So who was Elizabeth Mortimer? What do we know about her? It has to be said, very little is on record in factual terms. History has reduced her to no more than a footnote in the history of her Mortimer menfolk. How often is this the case with medieval women, even from the most prominent of families?
Elizabeth was born in 1371, probably at the Mortimer castle of Usk, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand-daughter of King Edward III. She married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur), heir to the Earl of Northumberland, when she was eight years old and Hotspur fifteen – a dynastic alliance between two great houses. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth. Caught up in the conflicts of Henry IV’s turbulent reign, Hotspur was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry, leaving Elizabeth a widow. Elizabeth’s son Henry, now heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England while his head was placed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial. In 1406 Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys, with whom she had a son, Roger. She pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of forty six. She was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine memorial brass showing them both, hand in hand.
Very little to conjure with here. So why would I consider her for the main female protagonist in an historical novel? What was it that brought her to my notice? Quite simply, Elizabeth is given two thought-provoking, and indeed magical, scenes with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and then briefly, when widowed, in Part Two. Although Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate, here is Elizabeth:
Lady Kate:
In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry,
An if thou wilt not tell me all things true.
Hotspur:
Away,
Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not,
I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world
To play with mammets and to tilt with lips:
We must have bloody noses and crack’d crowns …
William Shakespeare: Henry IV Part 1
And then, with Elizabeth as a widow:
Lady Percy:
He was the mark and glass, copy and book,
That fashion’d others. And him, O wondrous him!
O miracle of men!
William Shakespeare Henry IV Part 2
It is a relationship full of conflict of personality but also of wit, deep affection and respect, a relationship to explore. As for Hotspur, he was such a mercurial figure, brave and courageous, winning glory on the battlefield, but he was also flawed, bringing his own downfall. I could not resist writing about them, and for me Elizabeth became the perfect protagonist for Queen of the North because of her family connections and her place in the events of the reign of Henry IV.
During Elizabeth’s lifetime England underwent a period of great upheaval. King Richard II was deposed in 1399 by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, who took the throne as King Henry IV, the first of the Lancastrian Kings. Although Richard was soon conveniently dead, it did not prove to be a peaceful reign for Henry. Supporters of Richard, claiming that he was still alive, led plots and insurrection in England, while in Wales the mighty Owain Glyn Dwr was bidding to become Prince of Wales. It was a time of bloody civil war that must have torn families apart.
Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second surviving son. Because of this royal connection, the Mortimer family had a viable claim to the English throne even though it came through a female line which had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days. This placed Elizabeth in the very centre of the struggle for power after the death of Richard II, the Mortimers claiming pre-eminence over King Henry IV, descended from the third son, John of Gaunt. The young boy Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, with the strongest claim was Elizabeth’s nephew. King Henry, well aware of the boy’s dangerous bloodline, kept him and his younger brother in captivity in Windsor Castle.
For Elizabeth, if Richard II was no longer king, then the true heir to the throne must be her nephew.
To complicate matters, Elizabeth’s family became embroiled in the struggle for power of Owain Glyn Dwr who claimed the title and authority of Prince of Wales. Elizabeth’s younger brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh March during his nephew’s minority, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Glyn Dwr’s forces. Kept a prisoner in Glyn Dwr’s household at Sycharth when King Henry refused to ransom him, Sir Edmund married one of Glyn Dwr’s daughters, changed sides and became one of the rebels.
Where did the the Percys stand in this turbulence? Regarding themselves as Kings in the North, ruling the northern March between England and Scotland, snatching territory from the Scots whenever possible, initially they strongly supported King Henry. This would put Elizabeth and her husband on opposite sides of the fence, until King and Hotspur came to blows over Henry’s interference in Percy authority in the north and his inability to pay the Percys for their service in providing troops. This resulted in a showdown between Henry and Hotspur of major proportions, after which there was no going back. Hotspur joined forces with Sir Edmund Mortimer and Owain Glyn Dwr.
This is the world in which Elizabeth would have lived, and here is the place, in a novel, for some well-founded historical speculation. How difficult was it for Elizabeth, in the midst of such a keen rivalry for power as she and Hotspur were drawn deeper into the maelstrom of high politics and betrayal, to keep a balance between her loyalties to family, husband, and new king? How much influence would she have on Hotspur’s change of allegiance? Was she engaged in the negotiations between her brother, husband, and Owain Glyn Dwr? All came to a tragic denouement at the battle of Shrewsbury where Hotspur and King Henry met in the field.
Nor was this the end for Elizabeth. As a Mortimer and a traitor’s widow, it would not be in King Henry’s interests to allow her freedom to instigate further rebellion. Elizabeth was left to pay the price for her treachery, as well as accepting her own part in her husband’s death.
So why was I compelled to write about Elizabeth? She was a woman who took on the role of traitor to the crown in support of her Mortimer nephew. She would know at first hand the resulting struggle between family loyalty and a desire to pursue what she saw as the rightful claim to the throne of England, despite all the pain it would bring her. She would also learn the ultimate constraints on her freedom, common to all medieval women, when as a potentially dangerous widow she was married to de Camoys, one of Henry IV’s close friends. What a compelling drama of power and treason, of betrayal and death this promised to be.
It can of course be stated by those concerned only with facts that we have no evidence of Elizabeth’s motives or involvement in these events. I am unable to argue against this. How true is this of most medieval women, even those from powerful magnate families? Yet I cannot believe that they are as voiceless or as powerless as they seem. How many alliances and ambitions were hammered out over a platter of roast venison or in a more personal tete-a-tete between husband and wife? What must be omitted in the historical record of non-fiction can be explored in historical fiction, as long as the end result remains true to those facts and the characters are realistically accurate. Is that not the nature of historical fiction, to use the facts that we have of events and character and weave them into a page-turning story?
Queen of the North is out now, published by HQ. Anne O’Brien is the bestselling author of 10 historical novels. Find out more at anneobrienbooks.com.
Images:
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The Percy Family | Family History & Story
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https://www.alnwickcastle.com/explore/the-history/the-percy-family
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Alnwick Castle has been home to the Percy Family for over 700 years. Below, a family member has been chosen to represent each century, in order to give a flavour of the dramatic history of the Percy family which has shaped the castle you see today.
The Warrior
Harry Hotspur, son of the 1st Earl of Northumberland, was born at Alnwick Castle in 1364 or 1366. He was supremely powerful in combat on land and sea, though sometimes his hot-headedness could lead him into trouble. Leading lightening-quick strikes against the Scots in the borders gained Harry a fearsome reputation and the nickname ‘hotspur’.
He was immortalised by Shakespeare in his play King Henry IV (Part 1) and killed in battle fighting against that king.
The Strategist
Henry trod a careful path through the various conflicts, uprisings and usurpations of the late 15th century, famously holding back at the Battle of Bosworth thereby helping Henry VII to the throne. In enforcing this king’s policy on taxes, however, he was murdered by a mob near Thirsk.
The Blessed
Thomas lived through a period of great religious turmoil and upheaval, witnessing England’s split with the church of Rome. He rebelled against Queen Elizabeth I in ‘The Rising of the Northern Earls’ and was executed at York, professing the Catholic faith to the end, for which he was later beatified.
The Diplomat
Algernon Percy was a man of high principle, who steered a solitary path through the mire of the English Civil War. He was also a connoisseur and patron of fine art, who laid the foundation of the collection today.
The Romantic
Elizabeth Percy was responsible for Alnwick Castle becoming a family residence. Her romantic ideas about her ‘braw rough ancestors’ and her passion for the castle and landscape were matched by the vision of her husband, Sir Hugh Smithson. Together they restored Alnwick Castle and transformed the surrounding countryside.
The Enlightened
Algernon served in the navy from age 12 to 23, going on to become a great traveller and explorer. On inheriting the dukedom, aged 50, he had enjoyed a wealth of experience, with interests in astronomy, archaeology, art, architecture and technology, which influenced his restoration of the castle, improvement of the estates and numerous public benefactions.
The Wise
Hugh was duke of Northumberland for 48 years, serving with the Northumberland Hussars during the Second World War. In the harsh financial climate of post-war Britain, his judicious management of the estates provided great stability and continuity.
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Brief, Indeed: Harry Lloyd as Edmund Mortimer (The Man Who Could've Been King) in Henry IV, Part I
|
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Lloydalists: A blog about british actor Harry Lloyd.
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http://lloydalists.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://lloydalists.blogspot.com/2012/07/all-too-brief-indeed-harry-lloyd-as.html
|
Lloydalists is not actually affiliated with Mr. Lloyd, but is crafted and run for and by two admirers of the actor and his work. We are here to discuss and enjoy, to borrow the words that Harry sometimes uses at the end of his letters, "all good things." Find us on Twitter: @Lloydalists.
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Abrahamson Genealogy Site
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Married Name1404As of 1404,her married name was Clifford.Married Name1426As of 1426,her married name was Neville.She was the daughter of Sir Henry Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer.Marriage1404Lady Elizabeth Percy married John Clifford, son of Thomas de Clifford and Elizabeth De Ros, in 1404.John Neville was the son of Sir Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort.He was the son of John Neville.He was the son of Ralph Neville and Lady Elizabeth Percy.He was the son of Thomas de Clifford and Elizabeth De Ros.Sir Thomas De Ros was the son of Thomas De Ros and Beatrice Stafford.Birthbefore 6 November 1341Robert Tiptoft was born before 6 November 1341.He was the son of John Tiptoft and Margaret De Badlesmere.Name VariationMargaret le Despencer was also known as Margery.Married Namebefore 1421As of before 1421,her married name was De Ros.Married Nameafter 1421As of after 1421,her married name was Wentworth.She was the daughter of Sir Philip le Despencer and Elizabeth de Tiptoft.Marriagebefore 1421Margaret le Despencer married John De Ros, son of Sir William De Ros and Margaret Fitzalan, before 1421.John Tiptoft was the son of John Tiptoft and Margaret De Badlesmere.Name VariationPain Tiptoft was also known as Payn.He was the son of Robert Tiptoft and Eva (?).She was the daughter of William De Ros and Maud de Vaux.Name VariationSir Pain Tiptoft was also known as de Tibetot.Name VariationSir Pain Tiptoft was also known as Payn.He was the son of John Tiptoft and Elizabeth Aspall.Married Namebefore 1443As of before 1443,her married name was de Beauchamp.Married Nameafter 1443As of after 1443,her married name was Tiptoft.She was the daughter of Richard Neville and Alice Montagu.Birth21 March 1425Henry de Beauchamp was born on 21 March 1425.He was the son of Richard de Beauchamp and Isabel le Despenser.Marriagebefore 1443Henry de Beauchamp married Cecily Neville, daughter of Richard Neville and Alice Montagu, before 1443.Death11 June 1446Henry de Beauchamp died on 11 June 1446 at age 21.She was the daughter of Henry de Beauchamp and Cecily Neville.Birth8 May 1427John Tiptoft was born on 8 May 1427.He was the son of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.She was the daughter of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.MarriageThomas de Ros married Philippa Tiptoft, daughter of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.Birth1427Thomas de Ros was born in 1427.He was the son of Thomas De Ros and Lady Eleanor Beauchamp.Birth1446Edmund de Ros was born in 1446.He was the son of Thomas de Ros and Philippa Tiptoft.Married NameHer married name was Manners.
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Twelve Facts you should know about Elizabeth Mortimer, Lady Percy
|
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[
"Anne O'Brien"
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2018-06-07T15:20:55+00:00
|
(And much that we do not know) Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother...
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Anne O'Brien Books
|
https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/twelve-facts-you-should-know-about-elizabeth-mortimer-lady-percy/
|
(And much that we do not know)
Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother was born, or in Ludlow where her younger brother and sister were born. She was daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand daughter of King Edward III.
A bird’s eye view of Ludlow Castle which Elizabeth would have known very well.
Elizabeth married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur) heir to the Earl of Northumberland when she was 8 years old. Hotspur was 15 years. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth.
As a daughter of Philippa of Clarence, Elizabeth was caught up in the Mortimer claim to the English throne. Her grandfather, Lionel of Clarence, was the second surviving son to Edward III which gave the Mortimers a significant claim before Henry IV, whose father John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was the third son. Except that the Mortimer claim was through a female line and had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days.
Elizabeth’s young nephew, Edmund Mortimer, was Earl of March but was kept confined in Windsor Castle by King Henry IV who was well aware of the Mortimer threat. Here are some of the impressive walls and towers at Windsor, perfect for keeping dangerous subjects incarcerated.
Elizabeth’s brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh Marches while his young nephew was imprisoned by the King, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Owain Glyn Dwr’s forces. He was kept a prisoner by Glyn Dwr when King Henry refused to ransom him.
Elizabeth, through family connection, was at the centre of the agreement between the Earl of Northumberland, Hotspur, Owain Glyn Dwr and Sir Edmund Mortimer to rise in rebellion against the King. Eventually they would decide to divide England into three between Glyn Dwr, Northumberland and the Earl of March.
Hotspur was killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry IV.
This is the battlefield at Shrewsbury as it is today looking east.
Elizabeth’s son Henry, heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent by the Earl into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Her daughter Elizabeth was married to John Clifford, Baron Clifford, and then to Raplph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland. Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, was descended from Elizabeth Percy and John Clifford.
Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England after the Battle of Shrewsbury, his head displayed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial, probably in York Minster in an unmarked grave. This is Micklegate which has displayed any number of famous heads.
As a potentially dangerous widow, Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys in 1406, a close friend and counsellor of the King. She had a son with him, Roger.
Elizabeth pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of 46 years and was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine brass showing them both, hand in hand.
Elizabeth starred with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and briefly in Part Two. Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate.
So little we know about Elizabeth, only this outline of her life. Here it is interesting to use a little historical speculation. How did she feel about the divisions in her family when the Percys initially supported Henry while the Mortimers were resurrecting their own claim to the throne? What influence did she have on her household when Hotpsur broke with Henry and made an alliance with Glyn Dwr? I am certain that, being a Mortimer, Elizabeth was not a silent presence in those days of insurrection, and ultimately tragedy.
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Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys
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Genealogy for Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys (1371 - 1417) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
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https://www.geni.com/people/Elizabeth-Mortimer-Baroness-Camoys/6000000003649630665
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Also Known As: "Lady Percy"
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Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys (1371-1417)
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1371-02-12T00:00:00
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Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys born 1371 Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales died 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England including ancestors + descendants + 2 photos + 5 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.
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Lady Elizabeth Camoys formerly Mortimer aka Percy
Born 12 Feb 1371 in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales
Ancestors
Wife of Henry Percy KG KB — married before 10 Dec 1379 [location unknown]
Wife of Thomas (Camoys) de Camoys KG — married after 3 Jun 1406 in England
Descendants
Died 20 Apr 1417 at age 46 in Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England
Profile last modified 27 Oct 2023 | Created 19 Oct 2010
This page has been accessed 17,944 times.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Royal Ancestors
1.2 Early Life
1.3 Family
1.4 Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer
2 Sources
Biography
Royal Ancestors
Through her mother:
William I, "The Conqueror", King of England[1] - 9th great grandfather.
Henry II, King of England[2] - 6th great grandfather.
Philippe IV, King of France [3] - 3rd great grandfather.
Edward I, "Longshanks", King of England[4] - 3rd great grandfather.
Edward III, King of England[5] - Great grandfather.
Elizabeth Mortimer[6]
born c. 12 Feb 1371: Usk, Monmouthshire, England[5][7]
died 20 Apr 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire[5][7]
Early Life
p. Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March[6][8] and Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster[9]
m. 1359 Queen's Chapel, Reading, BRK[7]
Child: Elizabeth de MORTIMER
Child: Roger de MORTIMER
Child: Philippa de MORTIMER
Child: Edmund de MORTIMER
Child: John de MORTIMER
Family
m.1 Henry (Harry 'Hotspur') de Percy[10] 10 Dec 1379 Usk, Monmouthshire[7] Issue: 2 known.[10]
Henry de Percy[6]
Elizabeth Percy[6]
Marriage:
m.2 Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. Issue: 1 (Roger).[6][11]
Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer
Elizabeth (de) Mortimer was buried with her 2nd husband Sir Thomas Camoys, (died March 28, 1421) in St. George's Church, Trotton, West Sussex, England.
Per e-mail received from the Rector of the Trotton church, Edward Doyle, by Alton Rogers in August 2006, they have a tomb at St. George's Church that is in the chancel and goes right up to the altar rails. The Rector stated it is a very imposing tomb with brass plate of Elizabeth, Lord Camoys and a son.
Sources
↑ Great grandfather of Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror)
↑ Great grandfather of Edward I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England)
↑ Maternal grandfather of Edward III of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France)
↑ Grandfather of Edward III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England)
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mahler, Leslie: "Samuel Levis, Quaker Immigrant to Pennsylvania", The Genealogist, Spring 1999, Vol 13, No 1, p. 30-36 (PDF download)
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur)
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 399, 2nd Edition, 2011.
↑ Wikipedia: Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
↑ Wikipedia: Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
↑ 10.0 10.1 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur)
↑ Wikipedia: Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys
See also:
Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. IV. page 175
Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. IV p.355-357
TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 July 1994
Marlyn Lewis.
Foster, Joseph. The royal lineage of our noble and gentle families. Together with their paternal ancestry, Volume: 2. Publisher: London, Hatchards. Year: 1884. openlibrary.org
British History online: Trotton
This week's featured connections are Redheads: Elizabeth is 7 degrees from Catherine of Aragón, 19 degrees from Clara Bow, 28 degrees from Julia Gillard, 16 degrees from Nancy Hart, 18 degrees from Rutherford Hayes, 19 degrees from Rita Hayworth, 22 degrees from Leonard Kelly, 18 degrees from Rose Leslie, 21 degrees from Damian Lewis, 21 degrees from Maureen O'Hara, 25 degrees from Jopie Schaft and 19 degrees from Eirik Thorvaldsson on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members.
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Discovering Elizabeth Mortimer – Historia Magazine
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2018-08-09T09:00:25+01:00
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Anne O’Brien brings us a tale of ambition, treachery and betrayal in the reign of King Henry IV.
Elizabeth Mortimer was one of the powerful medieval Mortimer family that dominated the Welsh Marches where I now live. It is difficult to ignore them round here if you have an interest in medieval history. I am surrounded by Mortimer castles, such as the impressive bulk of Ludlow (above), the much ruined Wigmore to the north, or Usk to the south; churches which the Mortimers enhanced with their tombs and stained glass, as at Much Marcle; the battlefields, notably Mortimer’s Cross, where they fought to enforce their power. Since coming to live in this part of the world twenty years ago my Mortimer interest has bloomed.
The real Mortimer power was established in the early years of the 14th century by Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March, although his execution in 1330 for his role in the deposition of King Edward II could easily have destroyed it. A lenient Edward III restored the property and wealth to Roger’s widow, her grandson Roger became the second Earl of March, and future Mortimers made their loyalties to the Plantagenets clear. Thus the Mortimers received royal acclaim and so were not eclipsed. Their power was centred at Wigmore Castle on its rocky outcrop, the family buried at Wigmore Priory, until they moved their main base to Ludlow which Earl Roger had made into luxurious living accommodation as well as a formidable fortress.
So who was Elizabeth Mortimer? What do we know about her? It has to be said, very little is on record in factual terms. History has reduced her to no more than a footnote in the history of her Mortimer menfolk. How often is this the case with medieval women, even from the most prominent of families?
Elizabeth was born in 1371, probably at the Mortimer castle of Usk, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand-daughter of King Edward III. She married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur), heir to the Earl of Northumberland, when she was eight years old and Hotspur fifteen – a dynastic alliance between two great houses. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth. Caught up in the conflicts of Henry IV’s turbulent reign, Hotspur was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry, leaving Elizabeth a widow. Elizabeth’s son Henry, now heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England while his head was placed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial. In 1406 Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys, with whom she had a son, Roger. She pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of forty six. She was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine memorial brass showing them both, hand in hand.
Very little to conjure with here. So why would I consider her for the main female protagonist in an historical novel? What was it that brought her to my notice? Quite simply, Elizabeth is given two thought-provoking, and indeed magical, scenes with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and then briefly, when widowed, in Part Two. Although Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate, here is Elizabeth:
Lady Kate:
In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry,
An if thou wilt not tell me all things true.
Hotspur:
Away,
Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not,
I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world
To play with mammets and to tilt with lips:
We must have bloody noses and crack’d crowns …
William Shakespeare: Henry IV Part 1
And then, with Elizabeth as a widow:
Lady Percy:
He was the mark and glass, copy and book,
That fashion’d others. And him, O wondrous him!
O miracle of men!
William Shakespeare Henry IV Part 2
It is a relationship full of conflict of personality but also of wit, deep affection and respect, a relationship to explore. As for Hotspur, he was such a mercurial figure, brave and courageous, winning glory on the battlefield, but he was also flawed, bringing his own downfall. I could not resist writing about them, and for me Elizabeth became the perfect protagonist for Queen of the North because of her family connections and her place in the events of the reign of Henry IV.
During Elizabeth’s lifetime England underwent a period of great upheaval. King Richard II was deposed in 1399 by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, who took the throne as King Henry IV, the first of the Lancastrian Kings. Although Richard was soon conveniently dead, it did not prove to be a peaceful reign for Henry. Supporters of Richard, claiming that he was still alive, led plots and insurrection in England, while in Wales the mighty Owain Glyn Dwr was bidding to become Prince of Wales. It was a time of bloody civil war that must have torn families apart.
Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second surviving son. Because of this royal connection, the Mortimer family had a viable claim to the English throne even though it came through a female line which had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days. This placed Elizabeth in the very centre of the struggle for power after the death of Richard II, the Mortimers claiming pre-eminence over King Henry IV, descended from the third son, John of Gaunt. The young boy Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, with the strongest claim was Elizabeth’s nephew. King Henry, well aware of the boy’s dangerous bloodline, kept him and his younger brother in captivity in Windsor Castle.
For Elizabeth, if Richard II was no longer king, then the true heir to the throne must be her nephew.
To complicate matters, Elizabeth’s family became embroiled in the struggle for power of Owain Glyn Dwr who claimed the title and authority of Prince of Wales. Elizabeth’s younger brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh March during his nephew’s minority, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Glyn Dwr’s forces. Kept a prisoner in Glyn Dwr’s household at Sycharth when King Henry refused to ransom him, Sir Edmund married one of Glyn Dwr’s daughters, changed sides and became one of the rebels.
Where did the the Percys stand in this turbulence? Regarding themselves as Kings in the North, ruling the northern March between England and Scotland, snatching territory from the Scots whenever possible, initially they strongly supported King Henry. This would put Elizabeth and her husband on opposite sides of the fence, until King and Hotspur came to blows over Henry’s interference in Percy authority in the north and his inability to pay the Percys for their service in providing troops. This resulted in a showdown between Henry and Hotspur of major proportions, after which there was no going back. Hotspur joined forces with Sir Edmund Mortimer and Owain Glyn Dwr.
This is the world in which Elizabeth would have lived, and here is the place, in a novel, for some well-founded historical speculation. How difficult was it for Elizabeth, in the midst of such a keen rivalry for power as she and Hotspur were drawn deeper into the maelstrom of high politics and betrayal, to keep a balance between her loyalties to family, husband, and new king? How much influence would she have on Hotspur’s change of allegiance? Was she engaged in the negotiations between her brother, husband, and Owain Glyn Dwr? All came to a tragic denouement at the battle of Shrewsbury where Hotspur and King Henry met in the field.
Nor was this the end for Elizabeth. As a Mortimer and a traitor’s widow, it would not be in King Henry’s interests to allow her freedom to instigate further rebellion. Elizabeth was left to pay the price for her treachery, as well as accepting her own part in her husband’s death.
So why was I compelled to write about Elizabeth? She was a woman who took on the role of traitor to the crown in support of her Mortimer nephew. She would know at first hand the resulting struggle between family loyalty and a desire to pursue what she saw as the rightful claim to the throne of England, despite all the pain it would bring her. She would also learn the ultimate constraints on her freedom, common to all medieval women, when as a potentially dangerous widow she was married to de Camoys, one of Henry IV’s close friends. What a compelling drama of power and treason, of betrayal and death this promised to be.
It can of course be stated by those concerned only with facts that we have no evidence of Elizabeth’s motives or involvement in these events. I am unable to argue against this. How true is this of most medieval women, even those from powerful magnate families? Yet I cannot believe that they are as voiceless or as powerless as they seem. How many alliances and ambitions were hammered out over a platter of roast venison or in a more personal tete-a-tete between husband and wife? What must be omitted in the historical record of non-fiction can be explored in historical fiction, as long as the end result remains true to those facts and the characters are realistically accurate. Is that not the nature of historical fiction, to use the facts that we have of events and character and weave them into a page-turning story?
Queen of the North is out now, published by HQ. Anne O’Brien is the bestselling author of 10 historical novels. Find out more at anneobrienbooks.com.
Images:
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Henry IV, Part 1 - Act 2, scene 3
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Family relationships are at the center of Henry IV, Part 1. King Henry IV and Prince Hal form one major father-son pair, with Henry in despair because Hal lives a dissolute life. The father-son pair of Hotspur (Lord Henry Percy) and…
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en
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https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/henry-iv-part-1/read/2/3/
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⌜Scene 3⌝
Synopsis:
Hotspur reads a letter from a nobleman who refuses to join the rebellion against King Henry. Lady Percy enters to ask Hotspur what has been troubling him so much lately, but he will not confide in her.
Enter Hotspur alone, reading a letter.
⌜HOTSPUR⌝ 0865 But, for mine own part, my lord, I could be
0866 well contented to be there, in respect of the love I
0867 bear your house. He could be contented; why is he
0868 not, then? In respect of the love he bears our
0869 5 house—he shows in this he loves his own barn
0870 better than he loves our house. Let me see some
0871 more. The purpose you undertake is dangerous.
0872 Why, that’s certain. ’Tis dangerous to take a cold,
0873 to sleep, to drink; but I tell you, my Lord Fool, out
0874 10 of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety.
0875 The purpose you undertake is dangerous, the friends
0876 you have named uncertain, the time itself unsorted,
0877 and your whole plot too light for the counterpoise
0878 of so great an opposition. Say you so, say you so?
0879 15 I say unto you again, you are a shallow, cowardly
0880 hind, and you lie. What a lack-brain is this! By
p. 67
0881 the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever was laid,
0882 our friends true and constant—a good plot,
0883 good friends, and full of expectation; an excellent
0884 20 plot, very good friends. What a frosty-spirited
0885 rogue is this! Why, my Lord of York commends
0886 the plot and the general course of the action.
0887 Zounds, an I were now by this rascal, I could brain
0888 him with his lady’s fan. Is there not my father, my
0889 25 uncle, and myself, Lord Edmund Mortimer, my
0890 Lord of York, and Owen Glendower? Is there not
0891 besides the Douglas? Have I not all their letters to
0892 meet me in arms by the ninth of the next month,
0893 and are they not some of them set forward already?
0894 30 What a pagan rascal is this—an infidel! Ha, you
0895 shall see now, in very sincerity of fear and cold
0896 heart, will he to the King and lay open all our
0897 proceedings. O, I could divide myself and go to
0898 buffets for moving such a dish of skim milk with so
0899 35 honorable an action! Hang him, let him tell the
0900 King. We are prepared. I will set forward tonight.
Enter his Lady.
0901 How now, Kate? I must leave you within these two
0902 hours.
LADY PERCY
0903 O my good lord, why are you thus alone?
0904 40 For what offense have I this fortnight been
0905 A banished woman from my Harry’s bed?
0906 Tell me, sweet lord, what is ’t that takes from thee
0907 Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep?
0908 Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth
0909 45 And start so often when thou sit’st alone?
0910 Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks
0911 And given my treasures and my rights of thee
0912 To thick-eyed musing and curst melancholy?
0913 In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watched,
p. 69
0914 50 And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars,
0915 Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed,
0916 Cry “Courage! To the field!” And thou hast talked
0917 Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents,
0918 Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets,
0919 55 Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin,
0920 Of prisoners’ ransom, and of soldiers slain,
0921 And all the currents of a heady fight.
0922 Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war,
0923 And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep,
0924 60 That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow
0925 Like bubbles in a late-disturbèd stream,
0926 And in thy face strange motions have appeared,
0927 Such as we see when men restrain their breath
0928 On some great sudden hest. O, what portents are
0929 65 these?
0930 Some heavy business hath my lord in hand,
0931 And I must know it, else he loves me not.
HOTSPUR
0932 What, ho!
⌜Enter a Servant.⌝
0933 Is Gilliams with the packet gone?
SERVANT 0934 70He is, my lord, an hour ago.
HOTSPUR
0935 Hath Butler brought those horses from the sheriff?
SERVANT
0936 One horse, my lord, he brought even now.
HOTSPUR
0937 What horse? ⌜A⌝ roan, a crop-ear, is it not?
SERVANT
0938 It is, my lord.
HOTSPUR 0939 75 That roan shall be my throne.
0940 Well, I will back him straight. O, Esperance!
0941 Bid Butler lead him forth into the park.
⌜Servant exits.⌝
p. 71
LADY PERCY 0942 But hear you, my lord.
HOTSPUR 0943 What say’st thou, my lady?
LADY PERCY 0944 80What is it carries you away?
HOTSPUR 0945 Why, my horse, my love, my horse.
LADY PERCY 0946 Out, you mad-headed ape!
0947 A weasel hath not such a deal of spleen
0948 As you are tossed with. In faith,
0949 85 I’ll know your business, Harry, that I will.
0950 I fear my brother Mortimer doth stir
0951 About his title, and hath sent for you
0952 To line his enterprise; but if you go—
HOTSPUR
0953 So far afoot, I shall be weary, love.
LADY PERCY
0954 90 Come, come, you paraquito, answer me
0955 Directly unto this question that I ask.
0956 In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry,
0957 An if thou wilt not tell me all things true.
HOTSPUR 0958 Away!
0959 95 Away, you trifler. Love, I love thee not.
0960 I care not for thee, Kate. This is no world
0961 To play with mammets and to tilt with lips.
0962 We must have bloody noses and cracked crowns,
0963 And pass them current too.—Gods me, my horse!—
0964 100 What say’st thou, Kate? What wouldst thou have
0965 with me?
LADY PERCY
0966 Do you not love me? Do you not indeed?
0967 Well, do not then, for since you love me not,
0968 I will not love myself. Do you not love me?
0969 105 Nay, tell me if you speak in jest or no.
HOTSPUR 0970 Come, wilt thou see me ride?
0971 And when I am a-horseback I will swear
0972 I love thee infinitely. But hark you, Kate,
0973 I must not have you henceforth question me
0974 110 Whither I go, nor reason whereabout.
p. 73
0975 Whither I must, I must; and to conclude
0976 This evening must I leave you, gentle Kate.
0977 I know you wise, but yet no farther wise
0978 Than Harry Percy’s wife; constant you are,
0979 115 But yet a woman; and for secrecy
0980 No lady closer, for I well believe
0981 Thou wilt not utter what thou dost not know,
0982 And so far will I trust thee, gentle Kate.
LADY PERCY 0983 How? So far?
HOTSPUR
0984 120 Not an inch further. But hark you, Kate,
0985 Whither I go, thither shall you go too.
0986 Today will I set forth, tomorrow you.
0987 Will this content you, Kate?
LADY PERCY 0988 It must, of force.
They exit.
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http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/1114-1115.htm
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Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer
|
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Grand
parents
Gen.=+21 Henry, 3rd Lord Percy
d. 1368 m. Mary Lancaster Ralph, 2nd Lord Neville
b. 1291
d. 5 AUG 1367 m. Alice Audley m. Lionel, Duke of Clarence
b. 29 NOV 1338
d. 7 OCT 1368 m. Elizabeth de Burgh
b. 6 JUL 1332
d. 10 DEC 1363 Children
Gen.=+18 Elizabeth
m.
John Lord, K.G. Clifford
b. 1389
d. 13 MAR 1422 Siege of Meaux Siege of Meaux Henry, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
b. 3 FEB 1392 Alnwick Castle
d. 22 MAY 1455 Battle of St. Albans
m.
Eleanor, Lady Neville
b. ABT 1397
d. 1472
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https://www.teachwire.net/news/shakespeare-henry-iv-part-1-hotspur-quotations/
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Shakespeare in quotations – Henry IV Part 1 and Hotspur
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[
"Helen Mears"
] |
2020-05-05T16:21:00+00:00
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Keeping you up-to-date with the latest on education, including great teaching ideas and current issues in education.
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en
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Teachwire
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https://www.teachwire.net/news/shakespeare-henry-iv-part-1-hotspur-quotations/
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Helen Mears takes us on a tour inside the mind of Hotspur – the hot-tempered warrior of Henry IV Part 1, whose dismissal of others proves to be his undoing…
Who is he?
Henry Percy, (or Hotspur, owing to his tempestuous nature and fiery temper) is the son of the Earl of Northumberland. The Percy family provided support to Henry Bolingbroke, which was crucial in allowing him to take the throne from his cousin Richard II and become King Henry IV. In the play, he largely acts as a foil to Bolingbroke’s wayward son Hal, the Prince of Wales.
“But I will lift the down-trod Mortimer As high in the air as this unthankful king, As this ingrate and cankered Bolingbroke.”
(Act 1, Scene 3, lines 133-135)
Having been publicly berated by the King over his attitude and refusal to hand over Scottish prisoners, Hotspur privately expresses his anger over what he perceives as the King’s ingratitude to him and his father. This sets the scene for their switch to Lord Mortimer’s side and the rise of the rebellion against King Henry IV that forms the main plot of the play.
“All studies here I solemnly defy, Save how to gall and pinch this Bolingbroke: And that same sword-and- buckler Prince of Wales”
(Act 1, Scene 3, lines 188-191)
Here, he deliberately insults Prince Hal – likely due to his reputation for fraternising with the lower classes. ‘Sword and buckler’ were weapons associated with those of a lower social status.
He goes on to comment on rumours that ‘his father loves him not’ – something the audience already knows from the King’s earlier wish in Act 1 Scene 1 that ‘some night-tripping fairy had exchanged/In cradle clothes our children where they lay,/ and called mine Percy, his Plantagenet.’ The King admires Hotspur for his bravery and prowess; attributes his own Harry seems to lack.
“Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate, this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips”
(Act 2, Scene 3, lines 85-88)
This exchange typifies Hotspur’s temper and belligerence. His wife, Kate – who is Mortimer’s sister – is worried about him and his behaviour, but he is dismissive and rude to her. He claims women can’t be trusted with secrets about war, and so refuses to confide in her about the planned rebellion.
“I’ll have the current in this place damned up And hear the smug and silver Trent shall run In a new channel”
(Act 3, Scene 1, lines 98-100)
Voicing his dissatisfaction with the proposed allocation of lands after a successful rebellion, Hotspur shows there’s no limit to his hot-headedness, intending to assert control over nature itself in his plan to channel and reroute the River Trent.
“Harry to Harry shall, hot horse to horse, Meet and ne’er shall part till one drop down a corse.”
(Act 4, Scene 1, lines 123-124)
Having served as a foil to Hal throughout the play, Hotspur pre-empts their meeting on the battlefield with the self-confidence of expected victory. He doesn’t yet know what the audience does – that Hal has apologised to his father and promised to fight to defend his hold on the crown.
“O Harry, thou hast robb’d me of my youth! I better broke the loss of brittle life than these proud titles thou hast won of me; They wound my thoughts worse than sword my flesh.”
(Act 5, Scene 4, lines 77-80)
Hotspur’s confidence is misplaced, and Prince Hal mortally wounds him in combat. In his dying speech, he’s more concerned with the loss of his reputation than his life. He suffers even deeper indignity when his dead body becomes a source of comedy at the hands of Falstaff – an ignoble end to a character that’s hard to find any sympathy for.
Helen Mears is an English teacher who sits on the education committee of the British Shakespeare Association
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2017-01-02T12:25:27+00:00
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Henry de Percy, 1st Baron percy at york minster
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Pinterest
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/henry-de-percy-1st-baron-percy-at-york-minster--469429961144326076/
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Yarde Reviews & Book Promotion: Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy by Anne O’Brien #HistoricalFiction #NewRelease #mustread @anne
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[
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[
"Mary Anne Yarde"
] | null |
Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy By Anne O’Brien Elizabeth Mortimer was one of t...
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https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/2018/05/life-in-time-of-elizabeth-mortimer-and.html
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Sir Thomas Mortimer; A Mortimer bastard & the case of a frère.
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2017-01-10T00:00:00
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Whilst looking up some Mortimer related stuff online I stumbled across an argument about Sir Thomas Mortimer in a genealogy group. I didn't comment but read the comments with interest. Whilst quite aware of Sir Thomas and the questions over his legitimacy I had been unaware of the argument of Nicholas Harris Nicolas in his…
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https://themortimersblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/10/sir-thomas-mortimer-a-mortimer-bastard-the-case-of-a-frere/
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Whilst looking up some Mortimer related stuff online I stumbled across an argument about Sir Thomas Mortimer in a genealogy group. I didn’t comment but read the comments with interest. Whilst quite aware of Sir Thomas and the questions over his legitimacy I had been unaware of the argument of Nicholas Harris Nicolas in his 1826 Testamenta Vetusta, a collection of wills. Whilst also being aware of and having a copy of the will of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd earl of March in its original French I confess, I had never seen Harris’ English translation of it. The argument over Thomas centred on whether he was even a brother of earl Edmund and if so, was he legitimate? Some were claiming that he was not a brother of the earl sans Harris, others saying he was and then arguing over whether he was legitimate or not. It was actually quite entertaining. But anyway, I decided to have a look at the Harris work myself and it seems that the question over the relationship between Thomas and earl Edmund hinged on the word frère (spelt friere by Mortimer & Harris) and the nature of its meaning which could mean brother or friar. It all seemed quite obvious to me, being quite familiar with the will in its original French, so I thought that I would write about it on this blog. The two texts I shall be referring to are as follows;
* A collection of all the wills now known to be extant of the Kings and Queens of England, Princes and Princesses of Wales, and every branch of the Blood Royal from the reign of William the Conqueror to that of Henry the Seventh Exclusive. MDCCLXXX (John Nichols)
**Testamenta Vetusta, Nicholas Harris Nicolas, MDCCCXXVI
Thomas Mortimer has a unique status in the Mortimer family. Whilst certainly a son of Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March, it is not known with any certitude if he was a legitimate or a bastard son. He is not mentioned in the Wigmore Chronicle which makes an illegitimate birth all the more likely. However the version of the chronicle that survives today is many time copied and his exclusion may be a mistake yet still quite implausible.[1.]
Thomas is thought to have been born around 1350 although possibly sooner (aft. 1346).[2.] We cannot say with any certainty that he was born before his Fathers marriage to Philippa Montagu as we do not have a date for their marriage.[3.] There are no clear dates for the two sons of Roger 2nd earl and his wife, with the eldest, Roger, thought to have been born around 1350/1 and the second son and eventual heir Edmund being born around 1351/2. This does admittedly mean that Thomas could have been a younger son, but this is improbable for reasons that shall be discussed below. Nothing is known of Thomas’ childhood but given his close relationship with his brother earl Edmund they were probably raised together. In his will, proved on January 22nd 1382, the earl twice referred to Thomas as “our brother” and left him £100.[4.]
There is some controversy over the mention of Thomas’ appearance in the will of his brother, however with some scrutiny it can be cleared up and perhaps lends a clue to the uncertainty of his presumed status as an illegitimate son of his Father. As aforementioned Thomas is mentioned twice in the will. In the 1780 inclusion of earl Edmund’s will of 1380 (in French) he is referred to as ‘Thomas notre fiere’ (Thomas our brother). The author of the 1780 book notes that only one brother, Roger, was mentioned by William Dugdale in his Monasticon Anglicanum but concludes that given the inclusion of “Thomas notre fiere” in Edmund’s will then there must have been another brother; Thomas himself.
Nicholas Harris’ published collection of wills in 1826 includes earl Edmunds will translated into English and challenges the 1780 version stating that the author made a mistake with his translation, also noting that Dugdale does not mention Thomas Mortimer and that earl Edmund’s Mother Philippa does not mention having a son called Thomas in her own will.[5.] Harris concludes that such a brother of earl Edmund never existed and the twice mentioned Thomas was a friar, ‘friere’ translating as ‘brother’ as well as ‘friar’ supposing that earl Edmund meant “Brother Thomas.” It is incredibly unlikely that earl Edmund would leave anybody the princely sum of £100 bar his heir, (worth nearly £50,000 today)[6.] equally unlikely is the idea that countess Philippa would have ignored the existence of her son Thomas when she sealed her will. This supports the idea that Thomas was not her son at least and was therefore illegitimate.
Having further studied the 1780 French version of the will (certainly written in French in 1380) it becomes clear that the mistake lays with the 1826 version and it is hard to draw any conclusion other than being deliberate purely so Harris did not detract from Dugdale’s
Monasticon Anglicanum in any way.[7.] As above mentioned, the fault actually lays in Harris’ translation in which he appears to deliberately omit key words. In his will earl Edmund bequeaths “a plate of silver for spices enamelled with the Mortimer arms on the bottom” to Friar John Gilbert, bishop of Hereford “Friere John Gilbert, évêque (sic.evefq’) de Hereford” as well as a hanaper to Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland “notre très cher friere Monsieur Henri, Count de Northumberland.” Notice the difference between the use of friere for a clergyman, John Gilbert and that of a layman, Henry Percy. For Gilbert earl Edmund calls him friere John, Friar John, whereas for Percy it is notre très cher Henry- our dear brother. Harris notes that because of the marriage of Henry Percy’s son, Henry “Hotspur” to earl Edmund’s daughter Elizabeth Mortimer, the earl considered earl Henry his brother.
It appears that Harris was determined to reject any notion that the Thomas mentioned in earl Edmund’s will was the son of Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March at all. Harris completely ignores earl Edmund referring to Thomas “notre friere” despite including the original French text after Thomas’ name purely to make a point that friere in the instance of Thomas simply means friar. Unfortunately he then completely ignores his point about earl Henry Percy also being referred to as friere. Interestingly despite his use of the original French text following Thomas’ name, he omits the “notre” suffix, meaning “our” despite including it for Percy. Without the “notre” the text simply translates as Thomas brother, not brother Thomas. Upon reinserting the original text into Harris’ translation shows that earl Edmund, speaking in third person, quite simply meant “Thomas my brother” as he refers to his sons as “notre filz Roger/Edmund“; our (my) son(s).
Harris goes further and decides that Thomas could not possibly be the brother of the earl because of where he was placed in bequeaths between Sir John de Bishopston, a clerk and Sir William Ford, a knight of his household. Sir John de Bishopston whilst indeed a clerk but had also been a feoffee and executor for Edmund’s Father who had been dead for twenty years. Bishopston was clearly a man with a long service to the family and held in great trust also. It is not accurate to dismiss him as a mere clerk. Thomas himself, on May 1st 1380 when the will was sealed had not been knighted and was indeed, merely a member of the household of his brother.
Finally it must be noted that the Harris translation is a simplified and edited version of the original French version included in the 1780 book. For example;
Harris 1826 “To our daughter Philippa, a coronet of gold with stones and 200 pearls”
French version 1780 “Notre fille Phillipe, un coronal d’ove perie et deuz cents graund perles et auxi en fercle ove roses, emeraudes et rubies d’alisaundre.”
In conclusion; yes Thomas was the brother of Edmund, 3rd earl of March and if Harris had read Adam Usks chronicle then he would have noted that Thomas was described as the uncle of Roger Mortimer, 4th earl of March- Edmund’s son.[8.] He appears to have leaned heavily on Dugdale which is not without problems of its own like any work. There are problems with the 1780 version of the will, the author makes a note of earl Edmund’s children, putting the order of births to make the boys older and the girls younger and then rather strangely refers to the marriage of Sir Edmund Mortimer (b.1376) and Catrin Glyn Dwr as being a fabrication claiming that “some historians pretend that he married a daughter of Owen Glendour.” [9.] [Read; the historians weren’t pretending. It happened.]
I was intending on writing about Thomas Mortimer as I mentioned in my article about his nephew Sir Edmund Mortimer. I will be writing more in-depth about his life and career, particularly during the 1380s and his eventual downfall. Now. Do I go back and tell those arguing people on the genealogy group that they should never take translations at face value?
Notes
1. The birth of the eldest son of Roger Mortimer 1st earl of March, Edmund Mortimer (Thomas’ grandfather) was not recorded by the Wigmore Chronicle either.
2. See Cal.Pat. Rolls. Edward III 1367-1370 vol xiii. October 23rd 1367. At Sheen by letter of secret seal. Thomas Mortymer esq, from the ports of Southampton or Plymouth with 2 yeoman, 3 hackneys as above and 50l. p.54 membrane 20d- cont. The men listed under the letter of secret seal around the same time as Thomas Mortimer are nearly all of the retinue of Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick; his uncle. It is likely that of age at this point thereabouts 1346/1349 birth more likely. Thomas was to remain an esquire until 1380.
3. Philippa’s Father William Montagu, 1st earl of Salisbury bought the marriage of Roger Mortimer in 1336 when Roger was eight and Philippa younger.
4. “Item nous devisons a Thomas notre friere cent livres” See Royal Wills, (1780) p.112
5. It is not impossible however. In her 1356 will, Elizabeth de Bohun nee de Badlesmere countess of Northampton by her second marriage to William de Bohun left her son Humphrey a silver cup and a ring, and her daughter Elizabeth a bed. She also bequeathed various other items to her surviving sisters. There is no mention of her eldest son by her first marriage; Roger Mortimer, 2nd earl of March.
6. He left his second son and namesake Edmund 300 marks a year in land.
7. Harris also translated the 1403 will of Agnes Bardolph. This lady was a widow who remarried to Thomas Mortimer circa 1386. Despite her clear assertion that she was the widow of Sir Thomas Mortimer, knight, Harris ignores the mention of Thomas Mortimer actually having existed and remarks that Dugdale states that her second husband was actually Sir Roger Mortimer. See Testamenta Vetusta, p.162 fn.2.
8. See the Chronicle of Adam of Usk who praises Thomas as a vigorous knight.
9. See Royal Wills (1780) p. 113 fn. 3.
Warm thanks to Alistair J. Dunn for the PDF of Testamenta Vetusta and the checking of my translation.
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Henry Percy
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[
"",
"Percy family and ancestry"
] | null |
[] | null |
Pedigree report of Henry Percy, son of Henry (Hotspur) Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, born on February 3rd, 1393. Henry had a wife named Eleanor Neville and eleven children named Eleanor, John, Henry, Thomas, Catherine, George, Richard, William, Anne, Joan, Ralph.
| null |
Henry Percy (1392/3 - 1455), 1st Earl of Northumberland, was the son of Henry 'Hotspur' Percy. He was restored to favor by Henry V, receiving his grandfather's estates and re-creation of the earldom. Percy was on the regency council in the early years of the reign of Henry VI. He was killed fighting on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of St Albans. Percy married Eleanor Neville, daughter of Ralph, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and was succeeded as earl by his eldest son.
There were two battles during the English Wars of the Roses fought in or near the town of St Albans.
The first Battle of St Albans was the first battle of the war and was fought on May 22, 1455.
Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeated the Lancastrians under Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who was killed. York captured King Henry VI of England and had himself appointed Constable of England.
The second Battle of St Albans was fought February 22, 1461. With the defeat and death of the Duke of York the previous December (at the Battle of Wakefield, and York's son and heir busy in the west (where the Battle of Mortimer's Cross was fought a few days before the engagement at St Albans), the way was clear for the Lancastrians (lead by Queen Margaret ) to march south towards London, pillaging and sacking as they went.
They were intercepted near St Albans by forces commanded by the Earl of Warwick. Warwick had his men set up an array of defenses, including ditches and spikes, but they were surprised and defeated before these were complete.
The Lancastrians captured King Henry, who supposedly spent the battle sitting under a tree, singing. But they did not press their advantage by marching south to London. The reasons are not clear; it may be that their reputation for pillaging had preceeded them as the Londoners would not open their gates.
The Battle of Hexham (May 15, 1464) marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV.
John Neville, later to be 1st Marquess of Montagu, led a modest force of 3,000-4,000 men, routed the rebel Lancastrians. Most of the rebel leaders were captured and executed, including Henry Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Henry VI, however, was kept safely away (having been captured in battle 3 times earlier in his life), and escaped to the north.
With their leadership gone, only a few castles remained in rebel hands. After these fell later in the year, Edward IV was not seriously challenged until the Earl of Warwick switched sides in 1469.
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http://washington.ancestryregister.com/PERCY00006.htm
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Some Descendants of the PERCY Family Related to George Washington 1st US President
|
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[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
2. i. Henry PERCY 4th Lord Percy, Knight 224 was born 10 Nov 1341 in Seamer, Yorkshire, England 224 and died 19 Feb 1408 in Defeated & Slain at Bramham Moor, Yorkshire 224 at age 66. 4. i. Henry 'Hotspur' PERCY Knight 224 was born 20 May 1364 of Seamer, Yorkshire, England,224 died 21 Jul 1403 in Killed in Battle of Shrewsbury 224 at age 39, and was buried in York Cathedral, Yorkshire, England.224 9. i. (Sir) Henry DE PERCY 2nd Earl of Northumberland 68 was born 3 Feb 1392 in Warkworth Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England 68 and died 23 May 1455 in Killed in Battle of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England 68 at age 63. 10. i. (Sir) Henry PERCY Knight, 3nd Earl of Northumberland 68 was born 25 Jul 1421 in Leckenfield, Beverley, East Riding Yorkshire, England,68 died 29 Mar 1461 in Killed in Battle of Towton, Yorkshire, England 68 at age 39, and was buried in St. Denis Church, York, Yorkshire, England.68 11. i. (Sir) Henry PERCY K.G., 4th Earl of Northumberland 68 227 was born about 1449 in Wark Castle, Wark-on-Tweed, Northumberland, England,68 227 died 28 Apr 1489 in Murdered by a mob in Cock Lodge Manor, Topcliffe, North Riding Yorkshire 68 227 about age 40, and was buried in Beverley Minster, East Riding Yorkshire, England.68 12. ii. Margaret PERCY 194 199 was born circa 1450 in Knaresborough Castle, Northumberland, England 194 199 and died of Gawthorpe Hall, Dewsbury, West Riding, Yorkshire, England.194 199 13. i. (Sir) Henry Algernon 'Harry' PERCY K.G., 5th Lord Northumberland 229 was born 14 Jan 1478 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England,229 died 19 May 1527 229 at age 49, and was buried in Beverley Minster, Beverly, Yorkshire, England.229
14. i. (Sir) Thomas PERCY 231 was born about 1504 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England,231 died 2 Jun 1537 in Executed at Tyburn, Warwickshire, England 231 about age 33, and was buried in St. Crux Church, Yorkshire, England. 15. i. Henry PERCY Earl of Northumberland was born about 1532 in Petworth, Sussex, England and died 21 Jun 1585 in Killed himself in Tower of London, Middlesex, England about age 53. 16. i. Henry PERCY 9th Earl of Northumberland 234 was born before 27 Apr 1564 in Tynemouth Castle, Northumberland, England 234 and died 5 Nov 1632 in Petworth, Sussex, England.234
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https://carolineangus.com/tag/edmund-mortimer/
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en
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edmund mortimer – CAROLINE ANGUS
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Caroline Angus"
] |
2018-07-19T13:24:25+12:00
|
Posts about edmund mortimer written by Caroline Angus
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
CAROLINE ANGUS
|
https://carolineangus.com/tag/edmund-mortimer/
|
1399: England’s crown is under threat. King Richard II holds onto his power by an ever-weakening thread, with exiled Henry of Lancaster back to reclaim his place on the throne.
For Elizabeth Mortimer, there is only one rightful King – her eight-year-old nephew, Edmund. Only he can guarantee her fortunes, and protect her family’s rule over the precious Northern lands bordering Scotland.
But many, including Elizabeth’s husband, do not want another child-King. Elizabeth must hide her true ambitions in Court, and go against her husband’s wishes to help build a rebel army.
To question her loyalty to the King places Elizabeth in the shadow of the axe.
To concede would curdle her Plantagenet blood.
This is one woman’s quest to turn history on its head.
cover and blurb via amazon
~~
It’s 1399 and King Edward III’s descendant Elizabeth Mortimer is married to Henry Hotspur Percy, heir of the Earl of Northumberland. Richard II is king, and deposed by Henry Bolingbroke under dubious circumstances. Richard II had no heirs, but he did have someone ready to replace him until Henry IV takes his crown. That is where Elizabeth comes in.
Elizabeth expected her nephew Edmund Mortimer to take the throne, also a descendant of Edward III, a boy born of royal Plantagenet blood. Elizabeth’s family has just as good a claim to the throne as the new Lancaster king. Whenever there are multiple claims to a throne, blood is certain to follow.
Elizabeth is not a man who can go into battle for the Mortimer claimant. She is not a beautiful young princess to be traded by families and launched into power. Elizabeth is a smart noble woman, who knows her family has a valid claim, who has given her husband the children he needs, and, to history, should be left on the sidelines. But Elizabeth is not a woman who should be cast aside in the battles of men and the throne, for she has the knowledge, skill and education to make a difference in the Mortimer claim to the crown.
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https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/henry-iv-part-1/language-communication-quotes-3.html
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en
|
Henry IV Part 1 Language and Communication Quotes Page 3
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Henry IV Part 1",
"Language and Communication",
"quotes",
"quote",
"Language and Communication quotes",
"literature",
"book",
"quotation",
"quotations",
"William Shakespeare"
] | null |
[] | null |
Everything you ever wanted to know about the quotes talking about Language and Communication in Henry IV Part 1, written by experts just for you.
|
en
|
https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/henry-iv-part-1/language-communication-quotes-3.html
|
Here, Hotspur equates Lady Mortimer's singing with the "devil," who, according to Hotspur, also speaks and "understands" Welsh. He then goes on to insult the Irish when he says he'd rather hear his dog ("brach") "howl in Irish." What's going on here? Why all the bashing?
Part of it has to do with England's position as a colonial power and Elizabethan England's tendency to view anything non-English as completely foreign and "other." Even though Wales had been incorporated into England in the 1530s, it was still viewed as alien and strange, which is partly responsible for the play's representation of Welsh characters (Glendower, Lady Mortimer, and the Welshwomen who are reported to have castrated 1,000 English soldiers in Act one, scene one.) We talk more about this in "Symbols, Imagery, Allegory" and "Gender."
Also, even though the play doesn't dramatize any conflict between England and Ireland, at the time Shakespeare wrote Henry IV Part 1 (c. 1597), the Earl of Tyrone's Irish rebellion (1595) was fresh in the minds of the audience, who surely would have recognized parallels between King Henry's problems with the Welsh (and the English Percy family) and Queen Elizabeth's problem with the Irish rebellion. Hence, Hotspur's obnoxious crack about Welsh and Irish languages in this part of the play.
We also want to point out that Hotspur's aversion to any language that's not English doesn't seem to bode well for a guy who wants to govern Britain.
So far, we've said a lot about why Hotspur's relationship to language seems to make him unfit to govern. Here, we want to take a slightly different position. In this passage, Hotspur admits that it's hard for him to pay the courageous Douglas a compliment because he believes that "flattery" is disingenuous. While the play as a whole seems to value characters for their linguistic chops and rhetorical skill, it also seems to acknowledge Hotspur's point. Flattery can be incredibly deceptive and manipulative, and Hotspur's defiance of the "the tongues of soothers" is sort of admirable, don't you think?
In the previous passage, we argued that Hotspur's refusal to take part in empty "flattery" seemed kind of admirable. Here, we want to show you some evidence that Hotspur's aversion to "flattery" and "praise" may be misguided. When Vernon reports Prince Hal's challenge to Hotspur, he admires Hal's "princely tongue" and Hal's modest way of complimenting Hotspur. Hotspur, of course, accuses Vernon of having a man crush (being "enamoured") and admits he (Hotspur) hasn't got the "gift of tongue." Could it be that the play values Hal's ability to challenge Hotspur to man-to-man combat in a courteous or flattering way? We can't decide. What do you think?
|
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https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/henry-v-england
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en
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Henry V ‑ Facts, Death & Significance
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Henry V - Facts, Death & Significance | HISTORY",
"History.com Editors"
] |
2009-11-09T13:46:07+00:00
|
One of the most renowned kings in English history, Henry V (1387‑1422) led two successful invasions of France, cheering his outnumbered troops to victory at the 1415 Battle of Agincourt and eventually securing full control of the French throne.
|
en
|
HISTORY
|
https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/henry-v-england
|
Henry V: The Warrior-Prince
Henry was born in August of 1386 (or 1387) at Monmouth Castle on the Welsh border. His father, Henry of Bolingbroke, deposed his cousin Richard II in 1399. With Henry IV’s ascension, the younger Henry became Prince of Wales and spent eight years leading armies against the rebellious Welsh ruler Owain Glyndwr. In 1403 Henry fought alongside his father against their former ally Henry “Hotspur” Percy in the Battle of Shrewsbury. During the battle, the younger Henry was hit in the face with an arrow but was saved by the daring surgical removal of the arrowhead.
Stories of the rakish young “Prince Hal” (expanded upon in Shakespeare’s “Henry IV”) are difficult to prove, though there may have been father-son tensions during the last years of Henry IV’s reign.
Henry V: A Pious King Prepares for War
Henry IV died in 1413, and the 26-year-old prince took the throne as Henry V. Conspiracies soon arose among his onetime friends to unseat him in favor of Richard II’s heir Edmund Mortimer. In 1415 Henry executed Lord Scrope and the earl of Cambridge, the leading plotters, and defeated a rebellion led by his old associate John Oldcastle (the model for Shakespeare’s Falstaff).
Meanwhile, Henry was making demands of France—first for the return of Aquitaine to England in fulfillment of a 1360 treaty, then for a 2-million-crown payment, then for the king’s daughter Catherine’s hand in marriage. In 1415 Henry gathered his army and sailed for France.
Henry V: The Battle of Agincourt
Henry abandoned plans to attack Paris after the victorious but costly siege of Harfleur, in which one-third of his army died of dysentery. On October 25, 1415—the feast day of St. Crispin—Henry’s army defeated a much larger French force at Agincourt. Henry’s army of about 6,000 battled up to 30,000 French soldiers, who were forced by the terrain to advance in narrow formations that made them easy targets for Henry’s archers. The French advance was impeded by mud and their own mounting dead. All the while, Henry kept control of the battle, encouraging his troops and fighting hand-to-hand.
After the English took so many prisoners that Henry worried they might overpower their guards, he violated the rule of war by ordering their immediate execution. All told, the French lost as many as 7,000, while the English dead numbered at most a few hundred. Though not militarily decisive, the victory at Agincourt won Henry important allies and gained him a hero’s welcome on his return to England.
Henry V: Second French Campaign, Marriage, Death
In 1417 Henry attacked France again, capturing Caen and Normandy and taking Rouen after a six-month siege in which he refused to aid 12,000 expelled residents left to starve between the city walls and the English lines. In 1420 the French king Charles VI sued for peace. The Treaty of Troyes placed Henry in control of France for the remainder of Charles VI’s life and promised that the English line would succeed to the French throne. Henry married Charles’ daughter Catherine. The royal couple arrived in England in 1421, and their only son, the future Henry VI, was born soon after.
Henry returned to France to deal with territories allied with the disinherited dauphin, the future Charles VII. In May of 1422 Henry won his last victory in the Siege of Meaux. He died on August 31, 1422, of battlefield dysentery.
Henry V: Legacy
Henry VI was less than a year old when he took the English and French thrones. By the time he was deposed in 1461, he had lost most of the French territories his father had won and England was riven by the War of the Roses.
In 1599 Shakespeare wrote his “Henry V,” including the St. Crispin’s Day “band of brothers” speech by which the eponymous king is most frequently remembered.
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https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/henry-iv-part-1/act-3-scene-1-summary.html
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Henry IV Part 1 Act 3, Scene 1 Summary
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Henry IV Part 1",
"Act 3",
"Scene 1",
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"summary",
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Free summary and analysis of Act 3, Scene 1 in William Shakespeare's Henry IV Part 1 that won't make you snore. We promise.
|
en
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https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/henry-iv-part-1/act-3-scene-1-summary.html
|
Read the full text of Henry IV Part 1 Act 3 Scene 1 with a side-by-side translation HERE.
Glendower hosts Mortimer, Hotspur, and Worcester at his castle in Wales, where the rebels gather to strategize. Before we know it, Hotspur and Glendower start talking smack. Trash talk, as we know, is an Olympic sport in this play.
Hotspur swears and says he can't find his map but Glendower finds it and tells the young Percy to chill. Then Glendower tells Hotspur that King Henry wishes he were dead. Hotspur replies by saying that Henry wishes Glendower was in hell.
Glendower claims that Henry is afraid of him because, when he was born, the earth shook and the night sky was lit up by comets and lights.
Hotspur scoffs and says the same thing would have happened if Glendower's mother's cat had had a litter of kittens instead of Glendower being born.
When Glendower insists again that the heavens were on fire and the earth shook at his "nativity," Hotspur says the earth shook alright, but not because it was afraid of Glendower's birth. At the exact moment Glendower was born, says Hotspur, the earth let out a huge fart.
Mortimer tells Hotspur to knock it off and Glendower blows off Hotspur's insult – the Welshman insists that all kinds of strange things happened in nature at the moment of his birth.
He claims to be able to summons spirits from the ocean and says he can teach Hotspur how to command the devil, which is why he, Glendower, has been able to withstand King Henry's armies three times.
Hotspur says Glendower is full of it before the men look at a map of Britain and decide how they'll divide it into three territories.
Mortimer explains the rebels' plan of attack: tomorrow, he, Worcester, and Hotspur will ride to meet Northumberland and the Scotch rebels at Shrewsbury. He says his father-in-law, Glendower, won't join them just yet because he's still getting his forces together.
Glendower promises to meet up with them shortly and says he'll escort their wives too, since the women will be upset when their husbands leave to fight.
Hotspur, who has been looking at the map and thinking about the plans to divide the land, complains that his slice of the pie isn't as good as Glendower's. Bickering ensues.
Check out this map depicting how the rebels planned to divide the kingdom into three parts.
Hotspur bags on Glendower by insulting the sound of the Welsh language.
When Mortimer yells at Hotspur for being a jerk to his father-in-law, Hotspur complains that the old man talks too much – like a "tired horse, a railing wife."
Mortimer warns Hotspur that Glendower tolerates his rudeness only because he respects him. Worcester chimes in and tells the young Percy that his "pride" and "haughtiness" are ugly traits – he's going to lose the allegiance of his colleagues if he keeps it up.
Glendower trots out Lady Percy and Lady Mortimer so they can say goodbye to their husbands.
Mortimer says he's bummed because his wife can't speak English and he can't speak Welsh.
Glendower says his daughter doesn't want Mortimer to leave – she wants to go to war with him.
Note: Lady Mortimer doesn't get any lines of dialogue. Instead, the text gives stage directions like "The Lady speaks in Welsh" and then her father translates for her.
Mortimer says he understands her "kisses" and vows to learn Welsh so he can speak with his wife, who makes the language sound as sweet as music.
Mortimer lays his head in his wife's lap while she sings (accompanied by musicians).
The competitive Hotspur orders Kate to sit so he can put his head in her lap too.
Hotspur says the devil speaks Welsh and he'd rather hear his dog howl in Irish than listen to Lady Mortimer's singing.
Kate threatens to break Hotspur's "head" and Hotspur makes a naughty joke about sleeping with Mortimer's wife.
Hotspur then insists that Kate sing a song, too. When Kate refuses, he insults her by making fun of the way she talks – he says she talks more like a low-class woman than a lady.
Glendower and the wives stay behind while everyone else departs for Shrewsbury.
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https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/twelve-facts-you-should-know-about-elizabeth-mortimer-lady-percy/
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Twelve Facts you should know about Elizabeth Mortimer, Lady Percy
|
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"Anne O'Brien"
] |
2018-06-07T15:20:55+00:00
|
(And much that we do not know) Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother...
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en
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Anne O'Brien Books
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https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/twelve-facts-you-should-know-about-elizabeth-mortimer-lady-percy/
|
(And much that we do not know)
Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother was born, or in Ludlow where her younger brother and sister were born. She was daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand daughter of King Edward III.
A bird’s eye view of Ludlow Castle which Elizabeth would have known very well.
Elizabeth married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur) heir to the Earl of Northumberland when she was 8 years old. Hotspur was 15 years. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth.
As a daughter of Philippa of Clarence, Elizabeth was caught up in the Mortimer claim to the English throne. Her grandfather, Lionel of Clarence, was the second surviving son to Edward III which gave the Mortimers a significant claim before Henry IV, whose father John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was the third son. Except that the Mortimer claim was through a female line and had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days.
Elizabeth’s young nephew, Edmund Mortimer, was Earl of March but was kept confined in Windsor Castle by King Henry IV who was well aware of the Mortimer threat. Here are some of the impressive walls and towers at Windsor, perfect for keeping dangerous subjects incarcerated.
Elizabeth’s brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh Marches while his young nephew was imprisoned by the King, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Owain Glyn Dwr’s forces. He was kept a prisoner by Glyn Dwr when King Henry refused to ransom him.
Elizabeth, through family connection, was at the centre of the agreement between the Earl of Northumberland, Hotspur, Owain Glyn Dwr and Sir Edmund Mortimer to rise in rebellion against the King. Eventually they would decide to divide England into three between Glyn Dwr, Northumberland and the Earl of March.
Hotspur was killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry IV.
This is the battlefield at Shrewsbury as it is today looking east.
Elizabeth’s son Henry, heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent by the Earl into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Her daughter Elizabeth was married to John Clifford, Baron Clifford, and then to Raplph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland. Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, was descended from Elizabeth Percy and John Clifford.
Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England after the Battle of Shrewsbury, his head displayed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial, probably in York Minster in an unmarked grave. This is Micklegate which has displayed any number of famous heads.
As a potentially dangerous widow, Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys in 1406, a close friend and counsellor of the King. She had a son with him, Roger.
Elizabeth pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of 46 years and was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine brass showing them both, hand in hand.
Elizabeth starred with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and briefly in Part Two. Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate.
So little we know about Elizabeth, only this outline of her life. Here it is interesting to use a little historical speculation. How did she feel about the divisions in her family when the Percys initially supported Henry while the Mortimers were resurrecting their own claim to the throne? What influence did she have on her household when Hotpsur broke with Henry and made an alliance with Glyn Dwr? I am certain that, being a Mortimer, Elizabeth was not a silent presence in those days of insurrection, and ultimately tragedy.
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https://familytrees.genopro.com/Azrael/Skaggs/family-HenryHotspurPercyAndLadyElizabethMortimer-fam02241.htm
|
en
|
Family of Henry (Hotspur) Percy & Lady Elizabeth Mortimer
|
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Family of Henry (Hotspur) Percy & Lady Elizabeth Mortimer.
| null |
Henry (Hotspur) Percy
Henry, known as Hotspur, was born on May 20th, 1364 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England.1 He died due to Battle of Shrewsbury at the age of 39 on July 21st, 1403 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.1
Lady Elizabeth Mortimer
Elizabeth was born on February 12th, 1370 in Usk, Monmouthshire, England.1 She died at the age of 47 on April 20th, 1417 in England.1
Elizabeth Percy
Elizabeth was born in 1390.2 She died at the age of 47 on October 26th, 1437.3
Henry Percy
Henry was born on February 3rd, 1393.1 He died due to battle of St. Albans at the age of 62 on May 22nd, 1455 in St. Albans.1
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https://www.stagemilk.com/lady-percy-monologue-act-2-scene-3-2/
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Lady Percy Monologue (Act 2, Scene 3)
|
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"StageMilk Team"
] |
2023-01-02T02:47:15+00:00
|
This is an incredible monologue for someone wanting something high stakes, emotionally charged, and with big sweeping imagery.
|
en
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StageMilk
|
https://www.stagemilk.com/lady-percy-monologue-act-2-scene-3-2/
|
Today we’re going to take a look at one of Lady Percy’s monologues from Henry IV Part 2. This is an incredible monologue for someone wanting something high stakes, emotionally charged, and with big sweeping imagery. In this monologue we see Lady Percy mourn the loss of her dear husband Hotspur who has died in battle not long before…
Context
In Part one of the play Lady Percy’s husband Hotspur, started a rebel alliance against King Henry the IV as he had not been very popular. And so everybody went to war, but most notably, Henry the IV’s son, Hal, and Hotspur faced one another on the battlefield and in the end Henry came out on top. This play begins not long after that fateful battle. Hotspur’s father Northumberland finds out through the grapevine that his son has been killed and decides to go to battle. As the rebels and the kingdom ready themselves for yet another war we find Lady Percy wrapped in grief trying to make Northumberland see the futility of war…
Original Text
O yet, for God’s sake, go not to these wars!
The time was, father, that you broke your word,
When you were more endeared to it than now;
When your own Percy, when my heart’s dear Harry,
Threw many a northward look to see his father
Bring up his powers; but he did long in vain.
Who then persuaded you to stay at home?
There were two honours lost, yours and your son’s.
For yours, the God of heaven brighten it!
For his, it stuck upon him as the sun
In the grey vault of heaven, and by his light
Did all the chivalry of England move
To do brave acts: he was indeed the glass
Wherein the noble youth did dress themselves:
He had no legs that practised not his gait;
And speaking thick, which nature made his blemish,
Became the accents of the valiant;
For those that could speak low and tardily
Would turn their own perfection to abuse,
To seem like him: so that in speech, in gait,
In diet, in affections of delight,
In military rules, humours of blood,
He was the mark and glass, copy and book,
That fashion’d others. And him, O wondrous him!
O miracle of men! him did you leave,
Second to none, unseconded by you,
To look upon the hideous god of war
In disadvantage; to abide a field
Where nothing but the sound of Hotspur’s name
Did seem defensible: so you left him.
Never, O never, do his ghost the wrong
To hold your honour more precise and nice
With others than with him! let them alone:
The marshal and the archbishop are strong:
Had my sweet Harry had but half their numbers,
To-day might I, hanging on Hotspur’s neck,
Have talk’d of Monmouth’s grave.
Unfamiliar Language
Endeared: Bound
Powers: Army
Chivalry: Knights/Soldiers
Glass: Mirror
Gait: Walk
Tardily: Slowly
Affections of Delight: Pleasures
Humour: Mood
Book: Guidebook
Modern Translation
Oh, please, for God’s sake, don’t go to these wars!
There’s been times when you’ve broken your word when you were
More bound to the cause than you are now;
When your dear son Percy, when my beloved Harry,
Looked north to see his father bring home his army; but he did that in vain.
Who persuaded you to stay home?
Two peoples honour was lost, your’s and your sons
Your’s God might be able to brighten again,
But for his, it stuck to him like the sun to the sky.
And because of that light every knight of England did brave things.
He was the role model for how the youth dressed themselves
No legs walked that didn’t emulate his noble walk.
And his accent which was his only flaw,
Became the way to speak for valiant people.
Those who spoke low and slowly made their voices sound like his.
In his speech, walk, diet, pleasure, tactics, mood, he was the standard by which everyone wanted to be.
And him, oh wondrous him! That miraculous man!
Him that you left alone on the battlefield to look upon the horrors of war.
To stand by in a field with nothing to fight with but his name.
That is how you left him.
Do not do his spirit wrong by holding your honour more important than his.
Let them go!
The marshal and archbishop have strong armies.
If my sweet Harry had half of their number I might be hanging off his neck and speaking of Monmouths grave.
Notes on Performance
There’s a huge amount of text behind this moment to support your performance so if it’s at all possible you should definitely read this play and the one that came before it Henry IV Part 1.
This speech has high high stakes so don’t hold back. It’s pretty rare that you’re being too big for Shakespeare. So go for it!
Try to affect the people that you’re talking to. The whole reason Lady Percy says what she does in this speech doesn’t exist within a vacuum; she’s desperately pleading with them not to go to war! So chase your objective.
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Tom and Kate Hickey Family History: Megan Markle, Duchess of Sussex: Distant Cousin of the Thomas L. Hickey Family
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Post #805, 5 Oct. 2018 Actress Rachel Megan Markle married Prince Harry of Wales at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle on 19 May 2018...
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http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://tomandkatehickeyfamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2018/10/megan-markle-duchess-of-sussex-distant.html
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1403) » Bacheler Family Tree » Genealogy Online
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https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/bacheler-family-tree/I6000000001874251910.php
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https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/bacheler-family-tree/I6000000001874251910.php
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"pedigree research",
"genealogy",
"pedigree",
"ancestors",
"ancesteral tree making",
"prayer cards",
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[
"Steven Adrian Bacheler"
] | null |
Henry Percy was born on May 20, 1364 in Warkworth Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England., they gave birth to 1 child. He died on July 21, 1403. This information is part of Bacheler Family Tree by Steven Adrian Bacheler on Genealogy Online.
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en
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Genealogy Online
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https://www.genealogieonline.nl/bacheler-family-tree/I6000000001874251910.php
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Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.
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https://xpda.com/family/Percy-Henry-ind08100.htm
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Henry (Harry Hotspur) Percy
|
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Pedigree report of Henry (Harry Hotspur) Percy, son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and Margaret Neville, born about May 20th, 1364. Harry Hotspur had a wife named Elizabeth de Mortimer and a child named Henry.
| null |
Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur (20 May 1364/1366 â 21 July 1403) was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. His nickname, 'Hotspur', is suggestive of his impulsive nature. His date of death is known but not the exact year of birth.
There are rumours that Harry was born at Spofforth Castle in Yorkshire, Alnwick Castle in Alnwick, Northumberland, and Warkworth Castle in Warkworth, Northumberland.[1] and early acquired a great reputation as a warrior, fighting against the Scots and the French. He fought against the Scottish forces of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas at the midnight Battle of Otterburn in August, 1388 and was captured, but later ransomed. He went to Calais in 1391 and served as Governor of Bordeaux from 1393 to 1395.
After his return from Valois Dynasty France, Harry joined with his father and helped depose King Richard II in favour of Henry of Bolingbroke, who later became King Henry IV. He also was the co-commander with his father in the Battle of Humbleton Hill.
Later, with his paternal uncle Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, he led a rebellion against Henry IV in 1403, forming an alliance with the Welsh rebel, Owain Glyndŵr. Before they could join forces, Hotspur was defeated and killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury when he raised his visor to get some air (as he was wearing plate armour which restricted air circulation) and was immediately hit in the mouth with an arrow and killed instantly.
Henry IV, upon being brought the body after the battle, was said to have wept and ordered the body buried. Hotspur was buried in Whitchurch, Shropshire, but was later exhumed, by order of the same king, when rumours circulated that he was still alive. His body was first displayed in Shrewsbury, impaled on a spear, but was later cut up into four quarters and sent around all of England. His head was stuck on a pole at York's gates.
He married Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa. Philippa was daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Lionel was son of Edward III of England and his consort Philippa of Hainault. Harry and Elizabeth had three children:
* Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1392/1393 â 22 May 1455).
* Lady Elizabeth Percy (d. 26 October 1437). She married John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford in 1404. They were great-great-grandparents of Jane Seymour, third Queen consort of Henry VIII of England.
* Matilda Percy. Believed to have died young.
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https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/
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Elizabeth Mortimer
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2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00
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Posts about Elizabeth Mortimer written by JuliaH
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en
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The History Jar
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https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/
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Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated.
Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words.
There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult.
Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys.
Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III.
If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior.
In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother –
During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law.
No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses.
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Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role.
As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth.
Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne.
It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV.
The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr.
It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester.
Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster.
Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV.
The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor.
Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time.
For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html
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I had thought three parts to this little series but having written today’s post which is largely about the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries I shall be extending it to four parts.
Generation 10 of Topcliffe/2 of Alnwick:
Henry Percy Junior was only sixteen when his father died in 1314. Initially John de Felton held his lands in ward but by the time he was twenty Edward II had granted Henry more lands in Northumbria than his father held. These had been part of Patrick Earl of March’s territory. Patrick was Scottish and the land offer reflects the way in which northern territories fluctuated between Scotland and England during troubled times. Henry was no more impressed with Edward II’s choice of male favourite than his father had been nor with the foreign policy and military prowess that saw the Scots raiding deep into Yorkshire.
In no particular order, Percy conspired against the Despensers and was made governor of both Pickering and Scarborough Castle. The northern Percy powerhouse was further built upon when he married into the Clifford family and Edward III granted him Warkwarth Castle. In 1346 he was one of the English commanders at the Battle of Neville’s Cross near Durham against the Scots which must have been a bit irritating given that he had gone to Scotland in 1327 to help negotiate a peace treaty with them.
Generation 3 of Alnwick:
The next generation Henry Percy was at the Battle of Crecy – so should probably be regarded as the Hundred Years War Percy. His correct title was the 3rdBaron Percy of Alnwick. His first wife was Mary of Lancaster – the best way of thinking of her is as Blanche of Lancaster’s aunt. Blanche was the first wife of John of Gaunt who is commemorated in the Book of the Duchess by Chaucer and whose land ensured that Gaunt was the wealthiest man in the country. Mary was a daughter of Henry III. With each marriage the Percy family made the wealth and the prestige of the family rose, as did the amount of land that they held and their proximity to the throne.
Generation 4 of Alnwick – 1st Earl of Northumberland:
The Percy family now found itself elevated to the earldom of Northumberland – after all Mary of Lancaster was a Plantagenet princess so it is only reasonable to suppose that her first born son should have a sufficiently impressive title. The first earl, yet another Henry Percy, was born in 1341. He supported Edward III and then he supported Richard II in his various official capacities on the borders. It was Richard who created him an earl at his coronation in 1377. Unfortunately despite being having been married to Margaret Neville, Percy was distinctly un-amused when his power base was eroded by Richard II who created his rival (and nephew-in-law) Ralph Neville the earl of Westmorland. The First Earl of Northumberland now had a hissy fit because of the creation of the First Earl of Westmorland. He swapped sides. Instead of backing Richard II against his enemies he supported Henry of Bolingbroke, John of Gaunt’s son, against Richard II. Bolingbroke duly became Henry IV and Percy found himself swaggering around with the title Constable of England.
Unfortunately in 1403 the earl swapped sides once more. He was slightly irritated by the outcome of the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. It was an English-Scots match that the English won. Percy stood to make rather a lot of cash from ransoming his Scottish prisoners. Unfortunately Henry IV was feeling the financial pinch and besides which felt that the Percys had too much power in the north. So he demanded all the hostages and gave Percy a fraction of their value. The earl was underwhelmed but didn’t immediately voice his irritation.
Having been given the task of subduing the Welsh in 1403, Percy and his son Harry Hotspur now joined with Owain Glyndwr. Hotspur died at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 but Henry IV couldn’t pin anything on the earl who hadn’t taken part in the battle. The most that Henry IV could do was remove the office of constable from Percy who didn’t learn the lesson and continued to conspire against Henry IV. In 1405 Percy decided to take a long holiday in Scotland for the sake of his health. He took Hotspur’s son with him. The earl returned to England in 1408 where he managed to get himself killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor near Tadcaster. This was the final battle in the Percy family rebellion against cousin Henry IV.
2nd Earl of Northumberland:
Hotspur’s son another Henry had spent most of his childhood in Scotland because both his father and grandfather were at loggerheads with the monarch. Very sensibly after his grandfather was killed the second earl remained safely in Scotland. It was only when Henry IV died that Henry Percy took the opportunity to be reconciled with the Crown. He was officially recognised as the 2ndearl in 1413.
He arrived back in England and settled down to a spot of feuding with his Neville relations. The Nevilles, particularly Richard Neville (aka the Kingmaker) and his father the Earl of Salisbury were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy family supported Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset. Ironically the 2ndearl’s mother was Elizabeth Mortimer, the grand-daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, so you would have thought that he would have been more sympathetic to Richard of York who based his claims on his descent from Lionel. Not only that but his return to the earldom had been smoothed by Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. She also arranged his marriage to Eleanor Neville – her second daughter with the Earl of Westmorland – making the Earl of Salisbury Percy’s brother-in-law and the Kingmaker his nephew. Talk about a tangled family web.
I’ve blogged about Eleanor Neville and the Battle of Heworth Moor before so there is no need to write about it again. Enough to say that it demonstrates the depths to which the feud had sunk. And things were about to get worse. The earl was born in 1393 and died on 22 May 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans. It was a comprehensive victory for the Yorkists and according to the chronicles of the time an opportunity for Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to settle some personal scores – the death of the Earl of Northumberland being on his “to do” list. Obviously it didn’t help the relations between the Percy and Neville families as the Wars of the Roses spiralled towards the bloodiest battle in English history.
3rd Earl of Northumberland:
Another Henry Percy, swearing vengeance for his father’s death was one of the commanders of the army that surrounded Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury at Wakefield. The deaths of Richard, his son Edmund and the Earl of Salisbury on the 30 December 1460 were part of the continuing vendetta.
The victors of Wakefield were now joined by Margaret of Anjou’s army. They marched south and won the Second Battle of St Albans but stopped short of taking London. Various armies marched back and forth but for the purposes of this post the next time we need to focus is at the Battle of Ferrybridge – 27 March 1461. Northumberland was supposed to stop the Yorkists from crossing the River Aire at Castleford whilst Lord Clifford held Ferrybridge for the Lancastrians. Lets just say that Northumberland arrived at Castleford late allowing Lord Fauconberg and his men to cross the river and come around behind the Lancastrians who retreated to Dintingdale (28th March) where Lord Clifford was killed by an arrow.
On the 29thMarch 1461, blinded by a snowstorm the 3rdEarl commanded the van of the Lancastrian army. Closing with the enemy he was killed.
Edward IV was now the only king in England and issued an act of attainder against all the Lancastrian nobility who had fought at Towton. Edward now rewarded the Nevilles who supported the House of York and punished the Percys who supported the house of Lancaster.
John Neville, Earl of Northumberland.
John was the Kingmaker’s younger brother. He was created Earl of Northumberland in 1464 after he had spent three years finishing off the Lancastrian threat in the north. Unfortunately for John, the Kingmaker became increasingly dissatisfied with Edward IV who, in return, became increasingly suspicious of his cousin. In 1470 Edward removed John from post and gave him the tile the Marquis of Montagu and assorted lands to compensate for the loss of the earldom of Northumberland. It did not go down well with the Neville family who did not see any need for the balance of power in the North to be restored by the return of the Percy family.
Edward was forced to flee his realm in October 1470 but returned in 1471. John had not regained his title to Northumberland despite his brother effectively ruling England with a puppet king in the form of Henry VI on the throne. Rather than attack Edward when he landed at Ravenspur, Neville simply shadowed the returned Yorkist king. Ulitmately Neville would died at the Battle of Barnet along with his brother.
4th Earl of Northumberland:
Henry Percy (what a surprise) was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison in the aftermath of Towton (he was about 12 at the time) and from there he was sent to the Tower in 1464. In 1469 after swearing fealty to Edward IV he was released. He then set about trying to get his estates returned. He petitioned for the reversal of his father’s attainder though this was not granted by Parliament until 1473.
Interestingly his wife was Maud Herbert, the girl who Henry Tudor should have married had events not unfolded as they did in 1470. They had eleven children.
Henry Percy went back to doing what the Earls of Northumberland had been doing for a very long time – i.e. ruling vast tracts of land and skirmishing with the Scots. He held many of the important government posts in the north of England which were traditional in his family including from 10 May 1483, as protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, confirmed the fourth earl of Northumberland’s appointment as warden-general of the east and middle marches ‘during the space and time of a whole year’, after which it was renewed for five months but perhaps it would appear not as much power from Richard III as he had hoped. Naturally enough he fought at Bosworth where he commanded the right wing of Richard III’s army. The Percys were naturally Lancastrian by inclination. Percy’s father and grandfather had died for Henry VI. Some historians says that Percy betrayed Richard III by holding his forces back from action. Percy’s northern levies weren’t committed to the battle.
If Northumberland had been a metaphorical spoke in Richard’s wheel he wasn’t very well rewarded by Henry Tudor who now became Henry VII. Northumberland, along with the earls of Westmoreland and Surrey was taken into custody and kept in prison for several months, being released only under strict conditions of good behaviour. He was restored to his position as warden but with curtailed powers. Henry may not have trusted him but Percy knew how to protect England’s northern border. He was also at hand to help defeat the Yorkist forces that gathered during the Lambert Simnel rebellion in 1487.
In 1489 Northumberland was part of the king’s administration gathering £100,000 of tax. This led to the Yorkshire Rebellion. Northumberland had to deal with the resistance of Yorkshiremen to the tenth of incomes demanded for Henry’s Breton war and for the raising of a force against the Scots. Things can’t have gone well for the Earl as his own tenants were up in arms. He was so alarmed that on Saturday, 24 April, he wrote to Sir Robert Plumpton from Seamer, close to Scarborough, ordering him to secretly bring as many armed men as he could to Thirsk by the following Monday. It didn’t do him much good.
On Wednesday, 28 April, having gathered a force estimated at eight hundred men, he came into conflict with the commons, whose ringleader was one John a Chamber, near Thirsk, at a place variously called Cockledge or Blackmoor Edge, and was killed. Popular history claims it wasn’t so much the tax collection that irritated the locals as the fact that as good Yorkshire men their loyalty lay with Richard III.
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Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York.
Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin.
There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it.
But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III.
Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt.
Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned).
Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates.
Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances.
Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned!
Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs.
Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned.
However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer.
Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught.
If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March.
Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed.
However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI.
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Find the perfect henry percy stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
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Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
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2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00
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Philippa of Clarence (16 August 1355 – 5 January 1382) was a medieval English princess and the suo jure Countess of Ulster. She was born at Eltham Palace in Kent on 16 August 1355, the only child of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster.[1] Her...
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Monarchy of Britain Wiki
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https://monarchy-of-britain.fandom.com/wiki/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster
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Philippa of Clarence (16 August 1355 – 5 January 1382) was a medieval English princess and the suo jure Countess of Ulster.
Biography[]
She was born at Eltham Palace in Kent on 16 August 1355, the only child of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Her father was the third son, but second son to survive infancy, of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. She was the eldest grandchild of King Edward and Queen Philippa, her namesake.
Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, at the age of about thirteen in the Queen's Chapel at Reading Abbey, an alliance that would have far-reaching consequences in English history. Her cousin, King Richard II, remained childless, making Philippa and her descendants next in line to the throne until his deposition. In the Wars of the Roses, the Yorkist claim to the crown was based on descent from Edward III through Philippa, her son Roger Mortimer, and granddaughter Anne Mortimer, who married a son of the 1st Duke of York.
Philippa died in 1382, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire.
Marriage and issue[]
Her children with Edmund Mortimer were as follows:
Name Birth Death Notes Lady Elizabeth Mortimer 12 February 1371 20 April 1417 She first married Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, with whom she had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Lady Elizabeth Percy. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, Baron Camoys, with whom she had a son, Lord Roger de Camoys. Elizabeth Mortimer was an ancestor of the third Queen Consort of Henry VIII, Jane Seymour. Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March 11 April 1374 20 July 1398 He married Lady Alianore Holland, by whom he had four children, Anne, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, Eleanor, and Roger. The House of York's claim to the throne was through his eldest daughter, Anne Mortimer. Lady Philippa Mortimer 21 November 1375 26 September 1400 She first married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. Her second husband was Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel, with whom she had a son, John, who died young. Her third husband was Sir Thomas Poynings of Basing, 5th Baron St. John. Sir Edmund Mortimer 9 November 1376 before 13 May 1411 Married Catrin (Catherine) Glyndŵr, the daughter of Owain Glyndŵr. They had issue, possibly a son named Lionel, said to have died young, and three daughters who died in the Tower of London alongside their mother.
And one other child, John de Mortimer (c. 1378–1424), Knight.
Ancestry[]
Notes[]
References[]
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More than a Pretty Face: Lady Percy's First Lines
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Shakespeare's Henriad<br />and the Archives
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All My Hotspurs
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Kenneth Branagh is the only Benedick; anyone else is just mouthing the lines. That's what comes of having seen his Much Ado About Nothing at a very formative age. Even with the story reconfigured, as in the BBC Shakespeare Retold series, while I adore Damian Lewis's take, it still looks odd to me. I'm having…
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Kenneth Branagh is the only Benedick; anyone else is just mouthing the lines. That’s what comes of having seen his Much Ado About Nothing at a very formative age. Even with the story reconfigured, as in the BBC Shakespeare Retold series, while I adore Damian Lewis’s take, it still looks odd to me.
I’m having this issue with a history play at the moment. Over the summer, the BBC released The Hollow Crown, a tetralogy spanning Richard II, both the Henry IVs and Henry V. Despite the fact that Shakespeare’s history plays have never really been my thing (I tend more towards the weird stuff), I was always going to watch these productions: Tom Hiddleston plays Prince Hal/Henry V. Now, he does a magnificent job, as does everyone on the cast and crew, but for me, someone else stole the show. Thanks to Joe Armstrong, I’ve become a total Hotspur fangirl.
Harry Percy came along for me at the right time, in the right performance, and I can’t get enough of him. I love his ferocity, his authenticity, his nonexistent threshold for nonsense, his complicated relationship with his wife. I’m fascinated by how much Hal steals from him when he becomes king: his sense of honor, his righteous anger, his boldness in the field, even “We few, we happy few,” all of these are echoes of gallant Hotspur. Harry Percy is also a train wreck: he was just never going to live that long. But to me, his fervor is both intriguing and intoxicating, and the fact that he very nearly wins the day at Shakespeare’s Shrewsbury compounds my interest.
It’s no secret that Shakespeare played fast and loose with facts in his works. The actual Harry Hotspur was not a contemporary of Harry Monmouth’s, but of his father, Henry IV. He didn’t fall in single combat with the Prince of Wales but was, in the grand tradition of Harold Harefoot at Hastings, shot through his visor with an arrow when he lifted it to get a breath of fresh air. His wife’s name was Elizabeth, not Kate — though to be fair, that hardly stops anyone from calling women Kate in other plays. And yet there’s just something about the characters from the play. Shakespeare’s version of Hotspur is so vivid, even a great figure in his own right like Harry Percy can find it hard to compete.
It’s messing up my expectations, though. Reading fiction that hews to historical facts is proving a baffling experience. I’ve tracked down two novels that center on the Percy family and the events that The Hollow Crown covers. One is A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury by Edith Pargeter, better known as Ellis Peters, author of the Brother Cadfael mysteries. The other is Lion of Alnwick, first in a trilogy by Carol Wensby-Scott. Pargeter’s book is heavy on politics and military history; Wensby-Scott isn’t writing a bodice-ripper, but her text is unappealingly hostile to women, who seem to achieve agency by being horrible to each other, having children and competing for the attentions of men.
Lion of Alnwick, so far, focuses more on Henry Percy, First Earl of Northumberland, who is Hotspur’s father (confusingly for readers of Shakespeare, called Hal in the book). But Pargeter’s Hotspur is recognizably related to the man Shakespeare portrays. Though he is a skilled diplomat and restrained in temper, the narrator constantly calls attention to how open and unmasked and vibrant Harry Percy the man is. He has an effect on people by knowing who he is and not caring who doesn’t like it. Any Hotspur must be made of magnetism/dynamism/charisma/self-certainty, it seems; Hotspurs must also only talk in paragraphs, and Pargeter obliges us on that front too.
It still doesn’t feel right, though, and I get restless when I try and read these books. Turns out I don’t want more adventures featuring Harry Percy, I want more adventures featuring the cast of Shakespeare’s plays. Is it just because Shakespeare (or Joe Armstrong) showed me Hotspur first? Is it just because this text is Shakespeare?
Part of me wonders if Shakespeare’s version of events is more appealing because the end is easier to stomach. Henry IV Part 1 gives Hotspur a valiant fight scene and some poignant last words; his enemy who slew him mourns his passing (though he also lets Falstaff violate the body and cart it around like “luggage”). The truth, at least per Wikipedia, is much grimmer:
Prince Henry, upon being brought Percy’s body after the battle, is said to have wept. The body was taken … to Whitchurch, Shropshire, for burial; however, when rumours circulated that Percy was still alive, the King “had the corpse exhumed and displayed it, propped upright between two millstones, in the market place at Shrewsbury.” That done, the King dispatched Percy’s head to York, where it was impaled on one of the city’s gates; his four quarters were sent to London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol and Chester before they were finally delivered to his widow. She had him buried in York Minster in November of that year. In January 1404 Percy was posthumously declared a traitor, and his lands were forfeited to the Crown.
This scenario makes my blood run cold. For all that I enjoy certain kinds of body horror (Innogen and the Hungry Half is all about doppelgangers and psychology), I’m not good with bodies. I’d read fiction about Lady Percy receiving the ruined, piecemeal corpse of her beloved husband, though; that sentence, “She had him buried…”, somehow speaks volumes that bear exploring. But I haven’t found that story, and I’m not sure it’ll be in A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury or Lion of Alnwick.
It doesn’t seem fair to dismiss Pargeter or Wensby-Scott for not being Shakespeare. Still, I may have to wait until The Hollow Crown is out of my system to try their books again. That may be a while — have I mentioned that it’s giving me novel ideas? Yet it makes sense to me, when I think of Shakespeare’s Hotspur in light of what I’ve learned from improv. That Harry Percy, meant for two hours on a crowded stage, is a raw nerve of unfiltered emotion and passions — terrible to live with as a real person, true, but for the drama, incomparably gripping. No wonder I want more of him — and if I can’t find more, apparently I plan to make it.
I guess there are worse fates.
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http://ngb.chebucto.org/Newspaper-Obits/twil-sun-1889-nov-dec.shtml
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Twillingate Sun 1889
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Welcome to Newfoundland's Grand Banks Genealogy site. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history.
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Politics ""PULLING THE STRINGS"". Merchant Influences. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Can you tell your readers why the Polling Station has been removed from the Congregational School to some other place farther down the South Side? We have long been hearing that Mr. LETHBRIDGE means to know how his dealers vote, and we were told he was taking steps to secure his party, but as this was to be an election by Ballot, we thought we were safe from any merchant control. Now, at the last moment, we are told we must go and vote in some place where the agents of Messrs. LETHBRIDGE or OWEN will be present in large numbers. How can a poor man, whose living depends on these merchants, give his vote, in their presence as he would wish? Sir, it means starvation for himself and family this winter, if he will not vote with these merchants. It is an outrage of the secrecy of Ballot, to remove a polling station from the only place where a free and independent vote could be given, to another place where we shall be forced to vote against our convictions. It does not show any wish to consult the convenience of the voters, for what could have been more central than the Congregational School, for persons who had to come from Tickle Point, the Point or Bluff Head Cove?" Sale of Works The Sale of Work for the purpose of defraying the cost of renovating and furnishing the Methodist parsonage, is announced to take place on the 19th, 20th and 21st of November. Ship News The ""Fleta"" with the two government candidates, Messrs. GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT, arrived from the North side of the district on Tuesday night, and left for the Cape Shore on Thursday. Departure W. WATERMAN, Esq., of Poole, England, who has been spending a few months with his friends in this Bay, left for St. John's on Monday last in the fine schooner ""Portland"" en route for England. Mrs. WATERMAN who was visiting with him, went by last ""Conscript"" and both will leave St. John's in the first Allan boat. We wish them a safe and speedy passage across the Atlantic. Bazaar The bazaar in connection with St. Andrew's Church was opened on Tuesday last and continued the following days. A fine display of fancy and useful articles was exhibited which met with a ready sale, and the undertaking all through, was a decided success. A full report which was promised has no yet been furnished, but we hope to be able to give it in next paper. Nominations Wednesday last, the 30th ult., being Nomination Day, the candidates for our district were duly nominated at the Court House. The Hon. A.F. GOODRIDGE, Messrs. Smith, McKAY and M. T. KNIGHT were put in Nomination as Government candidates, and Messrs. Thomas PEYTON, E.R. BURGESS and J.P. THOMPSON for WHITEWAY party. There were no speeches on the occasion and everything passed quietly. Ballot Papers The action of the Government with respect to the printing of the ballot paper, should be sufficient of itself to open the eyes of our people as to the meanness and contemptability of the Government. The ballot papers could have been printed at the Sun Office, but because our political views are adverse to the Government, they prefer sending a printer from St. John's to do them, at five or perhaps ten times the cost that they could have been printed at the Sun office; but then they are running the Government on ""Sound Commercial Principles!""" Politics The ""Hiram Perry"" arrived here noon on Tuesday, bringing the three WHITEWAY candidates also Mr. F. WALSH of Little Bay. After leaving Little Bay, several places were visited, and a public meeting held. The one at Little Bay Island was well attended and much interest was manifested by the electors present. The conduct of the Government in the public affairs of the colony, was reviewed by the candidates, and at the close of the meeting, the candidates were loudly cheered. Our meeting at Fortune Harbor was an immense success. Mr. Francis WALSH of Little Bay Mines, was present and in an able and eloquent speech, reviewed the history of the Government during the past four years. His explanation of Railway matters whereby the support of the Liberal Party was purchased; his though explanation of working of the Bait Act; his bitter condemnation of the monopoly of mining and timber lands were clearly explained. He was listened to attentively and loudly cheered during his able address. Mr. WALSH is a young man of considerable talent and will no doubt in the near future take a prominent part in the public affairs of his native land Ballots ""Secrecy of the Ballot Vote." The voting by ballot is perfectly secret and no one need fear it being discovered as to how he may vote. Those who are attempting to do so are misleading the people, and are liable to the penalty of the law. We were informed by a very intelligent laborer on one of the city wharves yesterday, that many of the uneducated people of the city are still under the impression that it is possible for it to be known for whom a man votes. For the information of every one having doubts on this subject, we say, emphatically, that it cannot be known to any one, how a man places his cross, except in the case of a man not being able to read or write, in which event it is known only to the returning officer who is sworn to secrecy. Should the latter, despite his oath, betray the secret (which is highly improbable) he will, on being convicted of the offence, be subject to twelve months imprisonment. The ballot is the poor man's safeguard, he can vote according to his conscience and no one will be the wiser. -- St. John's Daily Colonist. By Telegraph (Special to the Sun) Little Bay, Oct 29. - GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT held a public meeting here last night. They were contradicted in many statements and could not give satisfactory answers. WHITEWAY and party were cheered throughout the meeting Voting CAUTION! As everything is being done by the Government agents to mislead the public in voting, in the hope of counteracting their base designs, we print, for the information of the public, the following rules, to guide them on Polling Day. We also append a form of ballot paper, made out for the district of Twillingate. The ballot paper shows that the voter has voted the straight ticket for BURGESS, PEYTON and THOMPSON. Form of Ballot Paper after voter has marked his cross on it, 1. BURGESS, Edward R. Burgess of Little Bay, Contractor, X. 2. GOODRIDGE, A.F. Goodridge of St. John's, Merchant. 3. KNIGHT, M.T. Knight of St. John', Gentleman. 4. McKAY, Smith McKay of St. John's, Gentleman. 5. PEYTON, Thomas Peyton of Twillingate, Surveyor, X. 6. THOMPSON, J.P. Thompson of Twillingate, Editor, X. Rules: 1st - Each Elector when he enters the booth shall give his name. 2nd - He shall then receive a ballot paper in the above form (without the crosses). 3rd - The voter can only give as many votes as there are members required for the district. 4th - After receiving a ballot paper the voter going inside marks a cross in the division on the ballot paper containing the name or names of the candidates for whom he intends to vote, thus: - X. 5th - The voter will then hand the ballot paper folded up, to the returning officer who will drop it into the ballot box. It must be so folded as to show the initials of the returning officer, which is on the back of it. 6th - If the voter spoils a ballot paper he may get another one. 7th - If the voter votes for more than the number of members he is entitled to vote for, his ballot paper is void and his vote of no use. The above are the principal rules. If a man is blind or cannot read, the returning officer marks his ballot paper for him in the presence of an agent of each candidate, all of whom are sworn. If any one divulges for whom a voter voted, he is liable to be sent to the penitentiary. So no one need fear discovery. Politics (Part 1) Political Meeting At Herring Neck. On Monday evening last a public meeting was held at Salt Harbor, Herring Neck, though under somewhat adverse circumstances. It was generally known there that the Editor of this paper, one of the Whiteway candidates, would be there, at the solicitation of some of the supporters of the party, to address there, for the second time during the campaign on election matters. But on arriving late in the evening, it was found that the school house had been engaged by a few supporters of the Government, with the intention no doubt of preventing our meeting from being held in the building, and the idea of holding a meeting that evening was abandoned. After tea, however, large numbers commenced to crowd toward the school, thinking that the meeting was to be held, and we were summoned to put in an appearance. Great indignation prevailed among the assembled crowd, nearly all of whom were determined supporters of the Whiteway candidates Politics (Part 2) The door was forced open and lights put in for the purpose of holding the meeting, but without the consent of the members of the Board, who were opposed to us in politics, we did not deem it advisable to enter the building, and addressed the large and enthusiastic crowd at some length under the broad canopy of Heaven; and although human nature appeared to conspire against us, Providence smiled upon us, for the moon in all its grandeur luminated the settlement, making it almost impossible to witness a finer night any time through the year. Added to this we were in close proximity to the parish lamps, which have recently been erected there. The audience listened with rapt attention, and the orderly conduct maintained throughout under the excited state of feeling, in consequence of not having the school, was most commendable, and reflects the highest credit upon the good people of Herring Neck. Politics (Part 3) When it was found that a dodge had been worked to prevent a meeting being held in the interest of the Whiteway party, it was decided by the people that no other should take place there that night, and two or three of the sturdy electors guarded the door until half past twelve, and kept any of the opposite party from entering, as they intended holding a political committee meeting there. This is not the only place where such contemptible meanness was shown to the Whiteway party during their canvass, by what are looked upon as the leading men of the settlements, and is a specimen of the adverse circumstances under which the canvass had to be carried on, and the disposition that existed to grind out every spark of independence in the breasts of the electors. With regard to not having the use of the school at Herring Neck, however it is only right for us to exonerate the Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN from any blame in the matter, as he had nothing to do whatever in withholding its use, as can be seen from a note over his own signature in another column. The following evening (Tuesday) another meeting was held in the Methodist school, Greens Cove, which was largely attended, and great interest appeared to be manifested by all present. The meeting was also addressed by Mr. F.W. COAKER and the WHITEWAY candidates were loudly applauded. A Disclaimer (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Permit me through the medium of the Sun to repudiate any connection in withholding the School House in this settlement from you, for the purpose of your public meeting on Monday last. The whole episode has occasioned me deep pain. I am Yours faithfully, G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, Chairman C.E.Bd. Education, Herring Neck, St. Mary's Parsonage, Nov 5 Letter to The Editor From A Herring Neck Planter. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir, -- please insert the following in behalf of the people of herring Neck, who I must say are rejoicing over the New Party's success at present. On Monday the 4th inst., a meeting was announced to be held in St. Mary's school at 7.30 p.m. at which Mr. THOMPSON was to address the people. At the time appointed a large crowd gathered, but to their amazement they could not get the school, Messrs LOCKYER & Co. of the Old Party, had worked a disgraceful scheme to try to put down Mr. THOMPSON. He had obtained the key of the school by force, and had claimed the possession of the school, without the consent of the Chariman, Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, to whom much credit is due, insomuch as that he declared before a large mass of people that they (Messrs. LOCKYER & Co.) had ignored him the right of the position of Chairman, and taken the key of the school without his consent, also declared himself neutral in Politics, and showed the people that he was no tool of the slave-driving merchants, at the close of which he was cheered to the utmost, and the people felt that they owed to him a place in their hearts that could never be taken again, and as long as life lasts he will have the best sympathies of the people of Herring Neck. And, Mr. Editor, we as the people of Herring Neck, will no more be ruled by the staving power of merchants. This event of Messrs. LOCKYER & Co., will forever be a blank in the Merchant's Books. The people are determined that they will in future, have the control of the school which they built and paid for, also that never again will they allow such a tyrant as LOCKYER to rule their private affairs. Trusting I have not taken too much of your valuable space, I am, on behalf of the people, Yours etc., A.H.N. Planter" Ship Arrival The steamer ""Walrus"" arrived here noon to-day with the ballot boxes, &c., and counting commenced this afternoon. Ship Departure The steamer ""Conscript"" left St. John's about noon yesterday for the Northern ports of call, and may be looked for here to-morrow. Her trip will probably extend to Griquet this time Fish Several cargoes of fish have left here the past few weeks for foreign markets. The ""G.C. Gradwell,"" Capt. BURHITT, sailed for Lisbon yesterday with 3,200 qtls. Labrador fish from the firm of Messrs. W. Waterman & Co. Christmas A Christmas Tree will be held at herring Neck to obtain help in completing and furnishing the Parsonage. Contributions in money or goods will be thankfully received by Mrs. E. BLANDFORD, Mrs. T. BLANDFORD, Mrs. W. MURCELL, Mrs. HINES and Mrs. REX. Diphtheria Within the past few weeks there have been several cases of Diphtheria in this community, but we are happy to say that the disease has not increased to any great extent, and has been confined to a few families only. We are not aware that any fresh cases have broken out lately. Visitors During the past week or two, a good many of our old friends from various parts of the bay have been here transacting their Fall's business. Among the number we were pleased to see Mr. W. ROUSELL of Leading Tickles and Mr. James PARSONS of Lushes Bight, the latter we regret to know being in a delicate state of health. Politics A Lying Telegram. On Wednesday afternoon Mr. KNIGHT received a telegram from a Mr. MARCH who is in Little Bay, saying that Mr. BURGESS, the local Whiteway candidate of that mining settlement, had been soliciting support for himself and the Government candidates, which is one of the greatest falsehoods ever invented. No doubt it was intended to get here early in the day, but providentially it was not received until the afternoon, a little while before the polls closed. the intention was to damage Mr. BURGESS and the party here, which would have been the case had it come along in the early part of the day, and particularly would it have affected our Little bay Colleague. This was a most malicious and dastardly attempt to ruin a political opponent and no language can be employed that would too strongly condemn such political rascality Election Returns ""By Telegraph"". Election Returns. Grand Victories For The Whiteway Party. (Special to the Sun) St. John's, Nov. 9. The Government has been badly beaten. WHITEWAY will have a big majority. The following are the returns known as yet. St. John's six - For the East - Dr. DEARIN and Messrs. MURPHY and HALLERN. For the West - Messrs. DAY and GEARIN. Harbor Main - Messrs MORRIS and WOODFORD. Brigus - Mr. CLIFT. Harbor Grace - Messrs WHITELY and Eli DAWE. Carbonear - Mr. DUFF. Bay de Verds - Messrs WOODS and WHITE. Burin - Mr. TAIT and Mr. ROTHWELL. All the above sixteen are Whiteway supporters. So far only four Government men are known to be elected, Messrs. GREEN and SHEA for Ferryland, Mr. MUNN for Harbor Grace and Mr. ROLLS for Fogo. Married On October 27th at Change Islands, by the Rev. W. REX, Elias BLAKE to Jane GILLINGHAM Married On November 5th at Herring Neck by the same, William WITT to Rosannah FARTHINg Married On November 6th at Herring Neck by the same William WHITE to Elizabeth JUDGe Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared: Nov 5 - ""Arthur,"" HARGRAVE, Fogo, 2200 qunitals codfish O & E. Nov 7 - ""G.C. Gradwell,"" BURNITT, Lisbon, 3100 qtls Labrador fish - W. Waterman & C0. Notice In're the Estate of John CANTWELL, Esq., late of Tizzard's Harbour, in the Northern District of the Island of Newfoundland, Trader and Planter, deceased. We, the undersigned executors of the above estate, hereby give Public Notice, that one month from the date hereof, we shall proceed to distribute the effects and proceeds of said estate, in accordance with the provisions of the Will of the above named estator, John CANTWELL, Esquire, and we herewith notify all who may be legally indebted to said estate, to pay to us, or any one of us, such debts as may be due, on or before the fifth day of December, Anno Domini Eighteen hundred and eighty nine, and all parties to whom the Estate may be legal indebted must produce their claims in writing to us, on or before the same date for liquidation. And we hereby give further notice, that in performing our duty as such executors, we shall have regard only to those claims that may be presented for payment to us, on or before the date above named. Given under our hands at Twillingate this 5th day of November, A.D. 1889 Advertisement Walter CLOUSTON, Manufacturer of Superior Single and Double OIL CLOTHING. Factory Barnes Road. St. John's, Newfoundland. All Goods Made From Gopod Plain Calico, and Finished with Three Coats of Oil. Orders will receive special attention. Write for price, terms and discount. Sick Fishermen (Part 1) Sick Fishermen Badly Treated on Labrador. Instances have been brought to our notice within the past few weeks, which show that sick fishermen are very badly treated on the Labrador, by those in charge of the steamers, that are employed by Government to convey mails and passengers up and down the coast. During the past season, one of our fishermen was overtaken by sickness while on the coast, and feeling so poorly, he decided on coming home. When a passage was applied for, the sick man was refused because he did not have the full fare, and consequently he was denied the privilege of embarking on board the steamer and returning home, and had to remain on the Labrador in his enfeebled condition, and run the risk of his life, which was greatly imperiled by the inhumane act of the commander in charge of the ship Sick Fishermen (Part 2) We hardly know who is at fault in a matter of this kind; whether it is optional with the Captain to deal with such cases, or whether orders are given to this effect by the Government, but it is certainly a most arbitrary rule, and one which subjects a poor sick fisherman to severe hardship. When we consider that these steamers are largely subsidized out of the public funds of the colony, it appears decidedly wrong that a poor fisherman, when overtaken by sickness, should be refused to be brought home in one of these steamers. By not being able to leave the coast it might be the means of losing his life, and the craft with which he would be connected missing a voyage of fish. There are very few fishermen who take money with them to Labrador, in fact thousands seldom see a shilling in the early part of the summer especially, let alone being in a position to take money enough with them to cope with such a contingency as we have alluded to Sick Fishermen (Part 3) It is the fishermen of the country who principally pay the taxes, and the least that could be done for any who may unfortunately be overtaken by sickness on the Labrador or elsewhere while prosecuting the fishery, is that a passage should be secured for them to their homes in the coastal steamers. It is hoped that this matter will be investigated so that in the future our poor suffering fishermen will have no need to complain further of the bad treatment that they have received when applying for passages homewards. At the same time we would call the attention of the authorities to the way in which our fishermen were served the past summer with respect to their letters. Some of them who were fishing in harbors long distances from where the mail steamers used to call, took the trouble to row in their boats some miles from their craft in order to meet the steamer to put their letters on board, and although they were near the ship the captain did not pay the slightest attention to them, and passed along without waiting a moment to take the letters from the fishermen, and consequently they were denied the privilege of sending them home. It made no difference how important such letters were, they could not be forwarded which might mean a serious loss to the parties concerned Death of Mrs. BERTEAU We regret to have to record to-day the death of Mrs. BERTEAU, wife of F. BERTEAU, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate, which sad event took place yesterday afternoon. For several months the deceased had been subject to a severe attack of illness which not only prostrated her bodily but likewise affected her mind; and for the greater part of her illness she was apparently insensible to even her nearest relations. During the summer Mrs. BERTEAU was removed to St. John's with the hope that the change and additional medical attendance would prove favorable to her recovery, but such however was not the result, instead of which she seemed to be getting worse, and she was brought back. Since then the deceased has been gradually sinking, until yesterday afternoon, when the death visitor appeared and she passed calmly and peacefully into rest. Mrs. BERTEAU was a very kind and charitably disposed lady, and in her the poor ever found a real friend, and many will miss a true heart that always beat towards the poor and who was ever ready to administer to their wants. The bereaved family have our heartfelt sympathy. Letter A Letter From Mr. CARELY. Herring Neck, Nov 18th. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Having been informed that my name has been used around this settlement in connection with the scurrilous attack made upon Mr. LOCKLYER, in a letter lately published in your paper over the signature of ""A.H.N, Planter"", permit me to say that I had nothing whatever to do with the letter in question, or knew anything about it until shown me in print. I may say that I express the general opinion of the planters of this settlement (both Now and Old Party) in saying that they very much regret any person should have written such deliberate untruths from this settlement over the signature of ""A.H.N. Planter,"" and I can assure you, Mr. Editor, that the imputation cast upon Mr. LOCKLYER of scheming to put you down, and taking the key of the schoolroom by force, is and uncalled for and untruthful statement. Yours Truly, Joseph CARELY. Ship Arrival The steamer ""Conscript"" arrived at Greenspond at 9.30 this morning. Subscriptions We are thankful to subscribers who have already sent in their subscriptions and would feel obliged if others would do so at an early date, particularly those living at a distance Ship Arrival/Departure The little steamer ""Matilda"" belonging to R. SCOTT, Esq., came here from Fogo on Thursday and returned the following day. The ""Portland"" arrived from St. John's on Thursday afternoon with a general cargo of merchandise for Messrs. W. Waterman & Co. Mail The English mail was late in arriving at St. John's this time and the ""Conscript"" did not leave for Northern ports until midnight Thursday. She may be expected here to-night. Meeting Companions of the R.S.C. Edward 7th, Chap. No. 3, will meet in the Hall on Saturday, 14th December, for the election of officers. Also, there will be some important business to transact which calls for the attention of all Companions. -- Advt Visiting Clergy On Sunday last, the Rev. W. HARRIS of St. Anthony who is spending a few days here, preached in the South and North side Methodist churches, morning and evening, alternately, delivering earnest discourses on both occasions to the congregations to whom he formerly expounded the Word. He leaves by this ""Conscript"" for his mission. Firewood With the exception of a few days, this has been a delightful Fall for getting about on the water, and it has been taken advantage of the past few weeks by a large number of craft that have been frequenting the bays for firewood. A good many are still engaged in this business, and some will be going until Christmas unless the weather should set in very severe in the meantime. Sale of Work The sale of work in aid of the Methodist parsonage, as announced the previous issues, was opened in the South Side school house on Tuesday afternoon, and continued the two following evenings. The room was nicely decorated for the occasion and the display of goods very attractive, and met with ready sales. Between two and three hundred dollars were realized Visiting Clergy The Rev. Mr. SNOW of Exploits and Leading Tickles mission, spent a few days in town the early part of the week and preached in St. Peter's Church on Sunday morning last, giving a fine discourse. Mr. SNOW has only been a few weeks in the mission, and the esteem in which he is held by the flock under his charge, many of whom we have had personal intercourse with, augers well for a successful ministry while laboring in that parish New Schooner ""A Splendid New Craft." Another excellent schooner which was recently launched at Rabbit's Arm for the firm of Messrs. Waterman & Co., arrived in port the early part of the week. She was built by Mr. Francis WARR, whose reputation as a master-builder is so favorably known and who has turned out so many fine craft in the past. The ""Canford"" adds one more to the many superiorily built vessels that he has put out of hands, and is one of the largest that has been built at Rabbit's Arm for sometime. She has not yet been measured, but is supposed to go about ninety-six tons. A more strongly or faithfully built craft could scarcely float on the water, while her model is such as to command the admiration of all who are competent to form opinions respecting the same. An immense quantity of iron has been utilized in her construction which is an evidence that she has been firmly and strongly built, and without due regard to economy, the true object being to have her thoroughly well fastened so as to make her suitable for contending with the mighty elements with which she will be brought into contact during her existence. The Canford is adapted for the Bank fishery or the general trade of the Colony. She will do credit to her builder wherever she goes and it is hoped that a long and prosperous existence awaits this fine craft" Died Yesterday afternoon after a lingering illness, Mary, beloved wife of F. BERTEAU, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate, aged 60 years. (Other papers please copy.)" Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared. Nov. 18 -- ""Forward,"" DAVIES, Lisbon, 3700 quintals fish. -- W. Waterman & Co. NOTICe Public Health Act, 1889. Sec 13. -- It shall be the duty of any householder, so soon as he shall become aware that any occupant of his house is suffering from any infections or contagious disease that may be detrimental to the public health, to give notice of such disease to the Chairman of the Board of Health or a Justice of the Peace, as the case may be, under a penalty not exceeding Fifty Dollars. Sec. 14 -- Any person suffering from any contagious or infectious disorder who willfully exposes himself, without proper precaution against spreading the said disorder, in any street, public place, or public conveyance, and any person in charge of one so suffering who so exposes the sufferer, and any owner or driver of a public conveyance who does not immediately provide for the disinfection of his conveyance after it has, with the knowledge of such owners, or drivers, conveyed any such sufferer, and any person who, without previous disinfection, gives, lends, sells, conveys, transmits, or exposes any bedding, clothing, rags, or other things which have been exposed to infection from such disorders shall, on conviction, before a Justice of the Peace, be fined in a sum not exceeding One Hundred Dollars, or in default thereof, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding Three Months. Providing that no proceedings shall be taken against persons transmitting, with proper precautions, such articles for the purpose of having them disinfected by order of the Board or a Medical Man. F. BBERTEAU, Stipendiary Magistrate. Twillingate, Dec 12. Monetary The Union Bank Of Newfoundland. Notice is hereby given that a dividend of Six per cent on paid up capital stock of this institution has been declared for the half year, ending November 30th, 1889, payable at it's Banking House in this city, on and after Monday, 9th inst. Transfer Books close from the 3rd to the 8th, both days included. By order of the Board. James GOLDIE, Manager. Dec. 14. Fogo Marriage The stir and struggle of politics is over and we have our old member in still. He is looking well and happy after his political campaign. And now, Fogo seems almost dead, nothing scarcely moving, save poor folk carrying home a few burnt sticks to try and warm their thinly clad limbs. However, there was a little stir Monday, November 5th for early in the morning, guns heavy guns, disturbed the sleeping village. The object of the salute was for a time unknown, at length it was discovered that Mr. J. HODGE, in the quiet of the lonely sanctuary, for the congregation had departed, had passed from the state of solitude into matrimonial bliss. Miss MEEK, the bride, having arrived by the ""Conscript"" on the Sunday morning. The continuous firing expressed the good wishes of the inhabitants to the happy pair. Long may they live. Fogo News Dec. 4th a capital concert was held in the Fishermen's hall towards the debt on the Methodist parsonage. Though the night was exceedingly cold the large hall was full, and $25.85 were realized, out of which the hall expenses, $5, had to be deducted. It was hoped the society would have charged less for the building, it being for a charitable object. Mr. STONE, one of the performers at the concert and secretary of the society, considering it was too high a charge, gave a subscription to help pay for the building. It is thought the hall would be much oftener hired if the charge were reduced. It was a capital concert and the audience was delighted for the three hours. Among the performers were Dr. MALCOM, Mr. STONE, Messrs. J. SCOTT and F. SCOTT, Mr. STEPHENSON and Rev. A. SKINNER and Mr. J. HODGE. Mrs. ABRAHAM, Miss ROSS, Miss KIROY and Miss SCOTT. On Dec. 23rd. a Xmas Tree will be held in the Methodist school house. But for these and a few other diversions we should be asleep nearly all the time. It is feared there will be much poverty here this winter. The cases of diphtheria at Seldom-Come-by are fast dying out. Mr. T.C. DUDER has gone to St. John's for the winter and Mr. EARLE is at present in England. Mr. FITZGERALD is now quite well. Seals A few seals have been captured in nets within the past week or ten days Ship News Several craft returned from St. John's the early part of the week. The ""Mary Parker"" sailed for there this morning. Meeting A meeting of the Patriotic Club will take place in the Hall next Friday evening at eight o'clock when all the members are requested to attend Meetings Interesting Church of England Missionary Meetings have been held this week. On Tuesday evening one was held in St. Peter's Church and the following evening in St. Andrew's, report of which will be found in another part of this paper. Meeting We are requested to announce that a meeting of the Dorcas Society will be held at the Court House on Wednesday evening next at 3 o'clock. This is the first meeting for the season and it is desired, that if possible, all the members will be present. Meeting Companions of the R.S.C. Edward 7th, Chap. No. 3, will meet in the Hall this (Saturday) evening at 7.30 sharp, for the election of officers. Also, there will be some important business to transact which calls for the attention of all Companions. -- Advt. Drunkenness It is said that the scene on the coastal wharf on Sunday night, while the Conscript was in port, was somewhat disgraceful. Some parties were under the influence of strong drink, but whether it was procured on board or ashore we cannot say. However, the authorities should be vigilant on such occasions Burglary at the Army On Sunday night week, between nine and ten o'clock, the house occupied by the Captain and Cadet of the Salvation Army, on Tickle Point, was burgularously entered by the back door, a cash box broken open, and some twenty-one or twenty-two dollars stolen therefrom. No clue to the miscreants has yet been discovered. Death News was received here the early part of the week, of the death of Smith McKAY, Esq., who has been ill for some time past. For fourteen or fifteen years he represented this district and for the past two terms he occupied the position of Chairman of the Board of Works, giving general satisfaction. The intelligence of his death will be received with regret by his numerous friends far or near The Law We have received a communication from a ""Sufferer"" about the negligence of the authorities in not bringing to justice guilty parties who have been violating the law, but we consider it rather personal and pointed, for a place in our columns. The writer says the ""past twelve months there have been no less than six shops, offices or dwelling houses burgularized and no trace has yet been found of the perpetrators." This certainly is an unfortunate and unsatisfactory state of things, yet we do not know whether any blame can be attached to our police officers for not ferreting out the guilty parties. In reference to the last burgulary that has been perpetrated, however, it is only right to say that Constable BURT was suffering from an attack of illness at the time and has scarcely been able to perform duty since Ship Arrival The coastal steamer ""Conscript"" arrived Sunday night. She goes as far as Griquet and is expected here to-day. Appended is the list of passengers: -- Bay de Verts - Mrs. MURRAY, nine steerage. Trinity - Constable WALSH and wife, Messrs. PIPPY, HISCOCK, CROSS, McGRATH, DOOLING, BROWN. Catalina - Mr. E. SNELGROVE, King's Cove -- Miss H. CURTIS. Greenspond -- Capt. WINSOR, Miss WINSOR, Messrs HADDEN and MURRAY. Fogo -- Messrs. SCOTT and H. LIND. Twillingate -- Mrs. MOORES, Messrs. PEYTON, THOMPSON and Wm. BAIRD, jr. Exploits -- Messrs Thomas WINSOR and GUTHIER. Pilley's Island -- Messrs John ROBERTS and E. ROBERTS. Little Bay Island -- Messrs Joseph STRONG and James STRONG. Little Bay -- Messrs BURGESS, BENSON, O'REDDEN, BURKE, BOYLE, J. WALSH., R.D. WALSH, Mr. BUZZAN, Mr. and Mrs. CALHOON, Rev. Mr. GEDDES. Nippers Harbor -- Mr. Eli STARKS and wife. Tilt Cove -- Rev. Father S....AN, Messrs GILL, H. HAYWARD, A. ADAMS. St. Anthony -- Mr. J. PENNY, Mr. MOORES. Catalina to Twillingate -- Messrs. WHITE and J. DAVIS. Lodge Elections L.O.A. The following officers of Crosby Lodge, No. 30, were elected and duly installed on Wednesday, 4th inst., as follows: Bro. Charles MAYNE, WM. Bro. William ASHBOURNE, DM. Bro. Revd. R. FREEMAN, Chap. Bro. Thomas YOUNG, RS. Bro. John LUNNEN, FS. Bro. Josiah COLBOURNE, T. Bro. Thomas WARR, DC. Bro. George CARD, L. Bro. Benjamin BLACKMORE, IT. Bro. Charles NEWMAN, OT. Investigating Committee: Bros. Reuben BlACKMORE, George MURRAY, Walter PURCHASE, David WHELLOR, Noah WHELLOR. Sick Committee: Back Harbor -- Bros. George MURRAY and James PURCHASE. North Side -- Bros. Charles MAYNE and Charles NEWMAN. South Side -- Bros. Noah WHELLOR and Shem YATES. Farmers Arm -- Bros. Adam POND and Isaac POND. Durrels Arm -- Bros. Peter JENKINS and Edward INGS. Change Islands -- Bros. George PORTER, Sen., and John ELLIOTT. Auditing Committee: Bros. Thomas YOUNG and Arthur W. SCOTT. Trustees: Bros. Reuben BLACKMORE and W. B. HUGHES. Dr. 1889 Dec 1st To paid for Benefits and other expenses $349.15. To Balance in Treas Hands, 88.85. Total $438.00. Cr."By amt Brought Forward from Last Year $137.85."By recd Fees and Dues 3 .15 Total $4 ""Amount in Treas Hands $88.85."Amount in Union Bank 583.26."Amount out at Loan $920.00. Total $4592.47 Thomas YOUNG Rec. Secretary. Missionary Services All the missionary services held in Methodist Churches here yesterday were largely attended. Indeed, at no time has there been more interest evinced in this important department of Christian work than at the present. Throughout the day the churches were filled to their utmost capacity, and the collections taken at the various services bore ample testimony to the great liberality of the congregations. The sermons preached by Rev. Dr. LATHERN, of Halifax, were eloquent and effective. Not only is he an able speaker, but, in addition to this great and powerful characteristic, the Reverend gentleman possesses a venerable and commanding exterior, well calculated to favorably impress an audience. A meeting will be held in George Street Church, this evening, at which the Rev. Dr. LATHERN will again speak. The service tomorrow evening will be conducted in Cochrane Street Chruch. Evening Telegram, Dec 2. Ship Grounding ""Ashore At Chain Rock." A vessel named the ""Hyacinth,"" belonging to Mr. J. MANUEL, of Exploits, and commanded by Capt. A. LILY, went ashore at Chain Rock, yesterday, whilst beating the Narrows. Another vessel was beating in at the time and the Hyacinth would have collided with her had she not gone ashore. Notwithstanding her being a new vessel, her bows were badly broken and the two pumps have to be kept continually working to keep her free. She is a substantially built vessel of eighty tons, and had on board at the time of the accident eight hundred quintals of fish and two hundred barrels of herring. The fish is damaged very little. She will go on dock after the cargo is discharged. -- Colonist, Dec. 2. Died On Nov. 30th, at Friday's Bay, Julia daughter of Thomas and Ellen GOSS, aged 5 years. Died Of diphtheria, on Dec. 6th, Paul, aged 6 years; On Dec. 8th, Bennett, aged 8 months; on Dec. 8th, James, aged 2 years; on Dec. 9th, Samuel, aged 8 years; on Dec 10th, Phillip, aged 4 years; on Dec 10th, Selina, aged 11 years, children of Philip and Georgina PIPPY. Died At Philadelphia, USA, on November 24th for the effects of a surgical operation, Edgar S., of Sydney, CB, second son of the late Edgar and Elizabeth STIRLING of St. John's CAUTION! The Bread now being offered for sale marked F only (in black) is not of our manufacture. Our Bread is all marked in full. BROWNING'S F. and M. in black. We ask parties purchasing our bread to see that each bag bears the full mark. Our Bakery has recently been refitted with all the latest improvements at very considerable expense, and we now offer Bread superior to any ever manufactured in this country. Ask for BROWNING'S BREAD and see that you get the right article. C. Browning & Son. Dec. 14, 1889"
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Boxoffice - Feb. 17, 2014
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Read the latest magazines about Boxoffice - Feb. 17, 2014 and discover magazines on Yumpu.com
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Shuffle Along
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Shuffle Along Overview - The BEST Broadway source for Shuffle Along tickets and Shuffle Along information, photos and videos. Click Here to buy Shuffle Along tickets today
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Broadway.com
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https://www.broadway.com/shows/shuffle-along/
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Joshua Henry is a Grammy-nominated performer and recording artist best known for his Tony-nominated leading roles in Carousel, The Scottsboro Boys and Violet, as well as for his show-stopping performance as Aaron Burr in the cultural phenomenon Hamilton (Chicago/San Francisco/Los Angeles). Joshua’s debut album Grow is available worldwide on all streaming platforms. He is a BMG recording artist and his original symphony show Get Up, Stand Up premieres this fall with The Philly Pops orchestra. On screen, he starred as Roger Bart in the Academy Award-nominated film tick, tick… BOOM! directed by Lin-Manuel Miranda. He also starred as Jerlamarel opposite Jason Momoa in two seasons of Apple TV+’s show See. Other Broadway shows include In the Heights, Shuffle Along, American Idiot, Porgy and Bess, Bring It On: The Musical. Off-Broadway: In the Heights, The Wrong Man.
Adrienne Warren's talent as a singer, actress, and dancer has established her as a dynamic triple threat. Warren is perhaps most well known for her Tony Award-winning performance as Tina Turner in Broadway’s Tina: The Tina Turner Musical. Warren originated the role in numerous workshops of the show, working together with Tina Turner herself to embody the titular role. Warren transferred the role to Broadway following the 2018 West End production, for which she earned 2019 Olivier, Evening Standard, and Joe Allen Award nominations. Warren’s performance in the Broadway run has been heralded as “extraordinary” (The Hollywood Reporter), “electrifying” (Rolling Stone) and “star-making” (The New York Times). In addition to the Tony Award, she also received a Chita Rivera nomination and the Drama Desk, Antonyo, and Outer Critics Circle Awards for her iconic performance. Warren previously earned Tony and Chita Rivera Award nominations for her performance as Gertrude Saunders/Florence Mills in the Broadway production of Shuffle Alongopposite Audra McDonald. Warren made her Broadway debut in 2012's Bring It On: The Musical and previously appeared onstage in The Wiz (Encores! City Center) and Dreamgirls (The Apollo; NAACP Theatre Award nomination). She made her Carnegie Hall debut in 2017 with the New York Pops and continues to perform around the world. In 2023, she was featured on PBS's annual "A Capitol Fourth" performing an electrifying tribute to the late Tina Turner. Warren can currently be seen in the highly anticipated feature film, Rustin, starring Coleman Domingo, and The Woman King, starring Viola Davis. She starred as 'Benny' in Hulu's Black Cake, based on the best-selling book. Warren will star and serve as executive producer on the new Peacock series Dreamland. Warren starred as Mamie Till-Mobley, who devoted her life to seeking justice for her son Emmett Till, in Women of the Movement, a limited series for ABC. Other television and film credits include Paws & Fury: The Legend of Hank, Helpsters, Quantico, Black Box, Blue Bloods, and Orange is the New Black. Warren's voice can also be heard as the iconic spokesperson for Maybelline Cosmetics. Warren is a co-founder of the Broadway Advocacy Coalition (BAC), which unites artists, experts, students, and community leaders to use storytelling and artistry to combat systemic racism. BAC received a special Tony Award in 2021. She is a graduate of Marymount Manhattan College and the Governor's School for the Arts in Norfolk, Virginia.
Amber Iman is a performer, filmmaker, activist, and one of the most sought-after theatre artists and vocalists working today. A proud Howard University graduate, she debuted on Broadway as the High Priestess of Soul, Nina Simone, in Soul Doctor, earning rave reviews and a Clive Barnes Award nomination. Since, she has been seen in George C. Wolfe's Shuffle Along beside theatre luminaries Audra McDonald, Brian Stokes Mitchell, Billy Porter, etc.; she was also in the first National Tour of the megahit musical, Hamilton, and has performed Off Broadway and regionally with New York Theatre Workshop, New World Stages, Two River Theater, the Kennedy Center, and many more, earning Helen Hayes and IRENE Award nominations, and winning the Ovation Award and the prestigious Emery Battis Award for Acting Excellence from Shakespeare Theatre Company in DC. Favorite recent credits include: Nadira in Goddess (Berkeley Rep) and Pam Brown in Hippest Trip: The Soul Train Musical (A.C.T.). On TV, Amber has been seen on High Maintenance for HBO, and her self-produced short film Steve, has been a critical darling at film festivals across the country and internationally, winning Best Short, Best Actress, and the Audience Choice Award. She starts production on her second short, Blackberry Winter, this Spring. As an activist, Amber is the proud Co-Founder of Broadway Advocacy Coalition and Black Women on Broadway. In 2021, Amber was honored with a Tony Award for her work with BAC. Her Webby Award nominated one woman show, An Evening with Amber Iman, is available on Audible
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https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/colonial-john-glover.php
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en
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Glover, Sir John Hawley (1829-1885)
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Biography of Sir John Hawley Glover, colonial governor of Newfoundland from 1829-1885.
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Governor, 1876-1881, 1883-1885
Glover was born in Yateley, Hampshire, England on February 24, 1829. His began his naval service in 1841 and, early in his career, survived a shot that entered under his right eye and passed through his left ear. Glover worked on surveying ships in the Mediterranean, Africa and Burma until 1862 when he joined the colonial service. He started as an administrator in Lagos in 1863 and the following year became its colonial secretary. In 1873 he led a campaign that suppressed the Ashanti tribe. For his success, Glover received thanks from the British parliament and was knighted.
Glover was made governor of Newfoundland twice. His first term lasted from 1876 to 1881; the second was for a few months in 1884. Premiers Frederic Carter and William Whiteway, both talented and prominent men, guided Glover in his administration. They wanted less British influence in Newfoundland and, for the most part, Glover stayed out of the way. He worked to maintain good relations between the colony and Britain. Glover was the first governor to travel most of the island. He and his wife visited fishing outports and inspected work places and mines all over Newfoundland. Glover supported calls for a cross-island railway.
His first term ended when he accepted the Leeward Islands' governorship in 1881. He stayed there for two years, leaving to recover from malaria. While recuperating he was asked to return to Newfoundland after Governor Henry Maxse's death. He served in Newfoundland for several months before ill health forced him back to England. He never fully recovered from malaria and died on September 30, 1885 in London. Glover was commemorated in Newfoundland with a monument in the St. John's Anglican Cathedral. Glovertown was also named in his honour.
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https://unicourt.github.io/cic-code-ga/transforms/ga/ocga/r79/gov.ga.ocga.title.05.html
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GACODE
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Release 79 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated released 2021.02.10.
Transformed and posted by Public.Resource.Org using rtf-parser.py version 2.3 on 2022-11-22.
This document is not subject to copyright and is in the public domain.
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4. Grounds Insufficient to Warrant New Trial
Harmless error. - When it affirmatively appears that error has not resulted in injury, no new trial will be granted therefor; and in determining whether error has resulted in injury, court may look to record as a whole. Shefton v. State, 52 Ga. App. 103 , 182 S.E. 528 (1935).
Because the trial court's admission of prejudicial hearsay testimony regarding the victim's ministry ordination certificates was harmless error, given the overwhelming evidence of the defendant's guilt, a voluntary manslaughter conviction, as a lesser-included offense of murder, was upheld on appeal; hence, defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied. Smith v. State, 283 Ga. App. 722 , 642 S.E.2d 399 (2007).
Comments by judge during defense counsel's closing argument did not constitute plain error. - Under a plain error analysis, there was no violation of O.C.G.A. § 17-8-57 in defendant's criminal trial because the trial judge's comments were limited in scope, were for the purpose of controlling the trial conduct and ensuring a fair trial, did not involve the issue of defendant's guilt or innocence, and did not express an opinion on the evidence as to what was proved or not; comments by the trial court judge during defendant's counsel's closing arguments were for the purpose of preventing misstatements to the jury concerning matters not in evidence and were not improper under O.C.G.A. § 17-8-75 , and denial of defendant's new trial motion under O.C.G.A. § 5-5-25 was proper. Mathis v. State, 276 Ga. App. 205 , 622 S.E.2d 857 (2005).
Comments by trial judge. - Because the trial court did not make improper comments about the defendant's credibility, in violation of O.C.G.A. § 17-8-57 , but only directed the defendant to answer the questions being asked, and expressed no opinion as to the truthfulness of the defendant's testimony, whether responsive or not, those comments did not warrant a new trial. Anthony v. State, 282 Ga. App. 457 , 638 S.E.2d 877 (2006).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on the ground that the trial judge made comments which unduly highlighted and overemphasized the testimony of the DNA expert, in violation of O.C.G.A. § 17-8-57 , as the comments were clearly directed at one juror to encourage that juror to stay awake and pay attention to the presentation of the evidence. Carruth v. State, 286 Ga. App. 431 , 649 S.E.2d 557 (2007).
Actions involving the trial judge did not warrant new trial. - Defendant was not entitled to a new trial merely because the order appointing the senior judge under O.C.G.A. § 15-1-9.1(b)(2) was defective as that issue was raised for the first time in the new trial motion, which precluded appellate review; moreover, a new trial was not warranted due to a comment made by the sentencing judge, that could have been interpreted as an expression of the trial court's disapproval of the defendant's conduct, and such did not amount to an outright statement of bias. Williams v. State, 290 Ga. App. 829 , 661 S.E.2d 563 (2008).
Venue sufficiently established. - Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial after the defendant was convicted of rape because venue was sufficiently established by a detective's testimony that the apartment complex where the crimes occurred was in DeKalb County, and even accepting the defendant's argument that the evidence only supported the conclusion that the victim could have been driven into another county before the rape occurred, that would not preclude a jury's conclusion that venue could be proper in DeKalb County; because the most definite testimony regarding the location of the crimes related to DeKalb County, the jury was authorized to find beyond a reasonable doubt that the rape could have occurred there. Bizimana v. State, 311 Ga. App. 447 , 715 S.E.2d 754 (2011).
Standing. - Father was not entitled to a new trial on a termination of rights petition filed by the Department of Family and Children Services, as the father failed to legitimate the child at issue, and hence, lacked standing to challenge the termination of parental rights order. In the Interest of J.L.E., 281 Ga. App. 805 , 637 S.E.2d 446 (2006).
Defendant's absence, due to lack of diligence. - It is no ground for new trial that the defendant, through lack of diligence, failed to be present upon call of case. Diprima v. Hicks, 89 Ga. App. 231 , 79 S.E.2d 8 (1953).
Evidence properly admitted. - Convictions for driving under the influence of drugs and to the extent that the defendant was a less-safe driver were upheld on appeal as supported by sufficient evidence, given that the defendant drove erratically, manifested signs of impairment, and had three drugs in the defendant's system; hence, when coupled with the fact that no evidence of tampering with the defendant's urine sample was submitted, the trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in admitting the sample and in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial. Kelly v. State, 281 Ga. App. 432 , 636 S.E.2d 143 (2006).
Defendant's amended motion for a new trial was properly denied, and an aggravated assault conviction was upheld on appeal, as the trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in admitting three photographs depicting the victim's knife wounds; the photographs were not inadmissible merely because the photographs also showed alterations to the victim's body made by medical personnel. McRae v. State, 282 Ga. App. 852 , 640 S.E.2d 323 (2006), cert. denied, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 200 (Ga. 2007).
Because evidence of the defendant's prior drug use, and history of crimes committed against family members fueled by the drug usage, were properly admitted as relevant to the crime's charged, despite incidentally placing the defendant's character in issue, convictions for both aggravated assault and simple assault were upheld on appeal; moreover, even if the trial court erred by admitting this motive evidence, no reversible error resulted which required a new trial. Jones v. State, 283 Ga. App. 812 , 642 S.E.2d 887 (2007).
Defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied, as the evidence presented against the defendant was legally sufficient, similar transaction evidence was correctly admitted, and the fact that portions of the methamphetamine found, as a result of a search warrant was not tested, was not reversible error. Perry v. State, 283 Ga. App. 520 , 642 S.E.2d 141 (2007).
In a prosecution for armed robbery and robbery by intimidation, the trial court did not err in admitting a copy of the defendant's fingerprint card, pursuant to former O.C.G.A. §§ 24-3-14 and 24-5-26 (see now O.C.G.A. §§ 24-8-803 and 24-10-1003 ), despite the defendant's claim that the testifying witness lacked personal knowledge with regard to the circumstances or time of the creation or transmission of the fingerprint card, as the card itself showed that the card was created and transmitted at the time of the defendant's arrest, and was handled in the gathering agency's regular and routine course of business; hence, the defendant was properly denied a new trial. Tubbs v. State, 283 Ga. App. 578 , 642 S.E.2d 205 (2007).
While the state conceded that the trial court's instruction on prior consistent statements was incorrect, a new trial was not required because the statements in question were admitted, not as prior consistent statements, but as admissions by the defendant, and were introduced into evidence by the state as substantive evidence of the defendant's guilt. Hampton v. State, 282 Ga. 490 , 651 S.E.2d 698 (2007).
While the state conceded that the trial court's instruction on prior consistent statements was incorrect, a new trial was not required because the statements in question were admitted, not as prior consistent statements, but as admissions by the defendant, and were introduced into evidence by the state as substantive evidence of the defendant's guilt. Hampton v. State, 282 Ga. 490 , 651 S.E.2d 698 (2007).
As sufficient evidence supported the defendant's convictions, and no reversible error resulted from either the admission of the defendant's two prior convictions for both impeachment and sentencing purposes or based on the jury instructions given or refused, a new trial on these issues was unwarranted. Newsome v. State, 289 Ga. App. 590 , 657 S.E.2d 540 (2008), cert. denied, No. S08C1042, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 494 (Ga. 2008).
Trial court did not err in admitting evidence of the defendant's 1993 interference with government property conviction; a new trial was properly denied, because the evidence was properly admitted, not as substantive evidence of the offense at issue, but only as to the issue of credibility, providing support for the evidence's admission. Tate v. State, 289 Ga. App. 479 , 657 S.E.2d 531 (2008), cert. denied, No. S08C0986, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 386 (Ga. 2008).
Counsel's failure to appear for trial or notify client is insufficient ground to authorize new trial. Haralson County Economic Dev. Corp. v. Hammock, 233 Ga. 381 , 211 S.E.2d 278 (1974).
Contesting sufficiency of indictment. - In a prosecution for burglary, because the variance between the indictment and the proof presented at trial did not misinform or mislead the defendant in any manner that resulted in surprise or impaired a defense, and the defendant could not be subjected to another prosecution for the same offense, the alleged variance was not fatal; as a result, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motions for a directed verdict or for a new trial. Chambers v. State, 284 Ga. App. 400 , 643 S.E.2d 871 (2007).
Because the appeals court rejected the defendant's claim that the accusation failed to adequately charge venue, as a charge of DUI incorporated the words "Henry County" in the heading by using the phrase "as prosecuting attorney for the county and state aforesaid" in the body of the accusation, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on that charge; but the court warned the state against such practice, as the solicitor could easily devise forms which stated with clarity the county in which the offense allegedly occurred, and thereby avoid the costs which resulted from having to repeatedly defend the type of challenge the defendant raised. Gordy v. State, 287 Ga. App. 459 , 651 S.E.2d 471 (2007), cert. denied, No. S07C1866, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 128 (Ga. 2008).
Although the trial court might not have been presented with evidence that the defendant was in physical possession of a firearm during the hijacking of the victim's car, because the evidence that was presented authorized a finding that the defendant was a party to that crime, and that all those involved were joint conspirators, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on grounds that the indictment charging possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony was at fatal variance with the proof presented at trial. Davis v. State, 287 Ga. App. 786 , 653 S.E.2d 104 (2007).
Effective assistance of counsel. - Defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied because the defendant did not establish that the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel. Defendant was aware of all of the charges against the defendant, the defendant did not inform counsel that there were jurors that the defendant wished to have stricken, it was sound trial strategy to not cross-examine the witness because the witness's testimony would have hurt the defendant, counsel did not request a charge on the voluntariness of the defendant's confession because it contradicted the defense of coercion, the evidence adequately demonstrated that the defendant was intoxicated when the defendant committed the assault and robbery, and the discrepancy in the victim's testimony regarding the car the perpetrator drove was not material since the defendant confessed to the crime. Blocker v. State, 265 Ga. App. 846 , 595 S.E.2d 654 (2004).
On appeal from two child molestation convictions, the defendant was properly denied a new trial, because the admission of privileged testimony was not erroneous, and trial counsel was not ineffective by: (a) ignoring a consent order barring the state from introducing any written or oral admissions or statements the defendant made before and after a polygraph examination; (b) failing to assert the attorney-client privilege with respect to a polygraph expert's testimony; and (c) failing to adequately prepare a second polygraph expert who testified for the defense at trial; in fact, (1) counsel neither ignored the consent order nor performed deficiently when stipulating to the admission of the polygraph results; and (2) even assuming that counsel was deficient in failing to consult the defendant regarding the attorney-client privilege, the defendant failed to show a reasonable probability that the result would have been different in the absence of the second expert's cumulative testimony. Adesida v. State, 280 Ga. App. 764 , 634 S.E.2d 880 (2006).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit, as the appeals court found that the trial counsel's tactical decision not to call the defendant's brother and sister-in-law as witnesses was strategic, and nothing in the record suggested that the defendant was denied a fair trial because trial counsel did not investigate the defendant's competency; hence, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial based on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Scott v. State, 281 Ga. App. 106 , 635 S.E.2d 582 (2006).
In denying the defendant a new trial, the trial court expressly found that trial counsel was not ineffective, specifically finding that: (1) counsel's decision not to provide the defendant with a copy of the discovery was based on the fact that the defendant could not read and was going to rely on someone else at the jail to read the documents, and that counsel was concerned that showing the discovery to another inmate might produce a "snitch;" and (2) prior to trial, counsel spent two and a half hours with the defendant going over the state's evidence. Hence, the trial court concluded that counsel had a good reason for not giving the defendant a copy of the discovery, and that counsel was exceptionally effective in representing the defendant's interests. White v. State, 281 Ga. 20 , 635 S.E.2d 720 (2006).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on grounds that the defendant's trial counsel was ineffective, as the defendant failed to show that the outcome of the trial would have been different if counsel would have: (1) filed a motion for funds to hire an expert on the reliability of cross-racial eyewitness identification and proffer what the testimony of this expert would have been; (2) verified that funds had been withdrawn from the respective ATM machines on the date of the crime or ascertain whether surveillance cameras might have refuted the state's evidence that the defendant was in the carjacked vehicle; and (3) proffered favorable testimony that the defendant alleged could have been provided by the two victims suggesting complicity. Pringle v. State, 281 Ga. App. 230 , 635 S.E.2d 843 (2006).
As the jury could have found the defendant guilty after listening to the state's witnesses, a psychologist testimony regarding the defendant's competency did not influence the outcome of the trial; hence, defense counsel's failure to object to the psychologist raising the issue about the defendant's mental health was harmless, part of counsel's reasonable trial strategy, and did not amount to the ineffective assistance of counsel entitling the defendant to a new trial. Griffin v. State, 281 Ga. App. 249 , 635 S.E.2d 853 (2006).
In a prosecution for trafficking in cocaine, the trial court did not err in refusing to instruct the jury on the affirmative defense of entrapment, as: (1) sufficient evidence was presented that the defendant voluntarily committed the offense upon being given the opportunity to do so; and (2) no evidence was presented to show that the informant employed undue persuasion, incitement or deceit to induce the defendant into selling drugs; thus, the defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to present evidence to support an entrapment defense was rejected and did not warrant a new trial. Campbell v. State, 281 Ga. App. 503 , 636 S.E.2d 687 (2006).
In a prosecution for armed robbery, possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, and obstruction, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial based on allegations that trial counsel was ineffective, as: (1) a jury charge on the testimony of an accomplice was not required; and (2) in light of trial counsel's cross-examination of the accomplice, the court's credibility charge, as well as the overwhelming evidence of the defendant's guilt, a leniency instruction was unnecessary. Hayes v. State, 281 Ga. App. 749 , 637 S.E.2d 128 (2006).
In a prosecution for rape, kidnapping, and sodomy, the defendant did not receive the ineffective assistance of trial counsel merely because counsel failed to impeach the victim's credibility with evidence concerning a 1996 drug arrest, as: (1) the evidence was irrelevant to the circumstances surrounding the defendant's attack on the victim; and (2) the victim never opened the door to an issue of good character; hence, the defendant failed to show that a new trial should have been ordered. Pierce v. State, 281 Ga. App. 821 , 637 S.E.2d 467 (2006).
Counsel's trial strategy in failing to object to hearsay from a non-testifying codefendant was supported by a decision that the testimony was more beneficial than prejudicial, and that the complained-of testimony was necessary to refute the state's theory that the gun admitted against the defendant could have thrown from the defendant's car; moreover, because the defendant failed to show that but for the admission of that evidence, the outcome of the trial would have been different, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on this ground. Ross v. State, 281 Ga. App. 891 , 637 S.E.2d 491 (2006).
Appellate court rejected the defendant's contention that trial counsel was ineffective: (1) in failing to investigate another molestation charge filed against the defendant; (2) by failing to interview the defendant's mother; (3) in not investigating the state's failure to obtain a warrant to determine whether the defendant's computer contained or could access pornographic material; (4) by referring to the defendant's prior criminal record on DUI charges; (5) in introducing several letters from the defendant's daughter into evidence; and (6) by characterizing the defendant in closing argument as guilty of drunken and boorish behavior, as the trial court was authorized to believe counsel's testimony regarding counsel's sufficient preparation for trial, and finding that without a proffer of evidence concerning the defendant's computer, the defendant could not show a reasonable probability that the results of the proceedings would have been different; hence, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on grounds that trial counsel was ineffective. Carey v. State, 281 Ga. App. 816 , 637 S.E.2d 757 (2006).
Trial court properly denied the defendant's motion for a new trial, which alleged the ineffective assistance of counsel, as mere allegations, without evidence explaining how trial counsel's alleged failures affected the outcome of the trial, could not support the claims and counsel's trial tactics amounted to trial strategy. Slaughter v. State, 282 Ga. App. 276 , 638 S.E.2d 417 (2006).
Because there was nothing in the record to rebut the presumption that trial counsel had legitimate reasons for the strategic decisions made during the trial, specifically relating to concerns regarding a juror's dismissal, the state's examination of the victim's mother, the refreshment of the state's witness's recollection, and closing argument, a motion for a new trial was properly denied on these grounds. Hunter v. State, 282 Ga. App. 355 , 638 S.E.2d 804 (2006).
Because the defendant failed to show how trial counsel was ineffective in failing to make objections, failing to file a futile motion to suppress, and failure to object to the admission of evidence, but instead counsel's actions were deemed part of a reasonable trial strategy, the ineffectiveness claim failed and the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on that count. Opio v. State, 283 Ga. App. 894 , 642 S.E.2d 906 (2007).
Defendant failed to show ineffective assistance of defense counsel for failure to pursue a self-defense or justification defense with regard to the shooting death of the victim since at the hearing on the motion for new trial trial counsel testified that, given the state of the evidence, trial counsel did not consider a self-defense strategy to be viable, and would be at odds with the strategy chosen, namely to seek a conviction for the lesser crime of voluntary manslaughter. Trial counsel's decision not to pursue inconsistent defenses was made in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment and was reasonable since the evidence from three eye-witnesses showed that the defendant went to the defendant's car and retrieved a pistol, shot the unarmed victim when the victim was retreating, and then went to where the victim lay and shot the victim several more times. Taylor v. State, 282 Ga. 693 , 653 S.E.2d 477 (2007).
Because the defendant failed to present the testimony of either trial counsel to support a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, and thus, the record of the new trial hearing was silent as to what actions were taken by counsel to prepare for the plea or to investigate the ramifications of the previous plea, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's withdrawal of the plea. Jackson v. State, 288 Ga. App. 742 , 655 S.E.2d 323 (2007).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims were without merit, because counsel: (1) adequately explained the decision not to call the defendant's spouse; (2) adequately met with the defendant to discuss the trial strategy and regarding the defendant's decision to waive the right to a jury trial; and (3) had reason to decline objection to the admission of an audio recording of the colloquy between the officers and the defendant at the scene, as that decision supported counsel's trial strategy. Thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial based on those claims. Defrancisco v. State, 289 Ga. App. 115 , 656 S.E.2d 238 (2008).
Because trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to point out a purported discrepancy in the evidence to the jury, failing to investigate alleged evidence tampering, and failing to object to the inclusion of a charge on mutual combat in the jury instructions, or reserve objections to the instructions, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial. Sanders v. State, 283 Ga. 372 , 659 S.E.2d 376 (2008).
Trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to request a continuance to review evidence and have the evidence tested by the defendant's own expert because the defendant presented no evidence at the motion for new trial hearing to support the defendant's bald assertion that there was a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceeding would have been different had counsel sought a continuance or independent expert testing. Walker v. State, 288 Ga. 174 , 702 S.E.2d 415 (2010).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the ground that the defendant's trial counsel was ineffective since counsel's motion for continuance did not comply with O.C.G.A. § 17-8-25 because the witness in question had not been subpoenaed and, thus, counsel could not comply with the statute; the defendant did not show that the trial court's denial of the motion for continuance was reversible error. Presley v. State, 307 Ga. App. 528 , 705 S.E.2d 870 (2011).
Trial court did not err by rejecting the defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel on a motion for mistrial because the defendant failed to demonstrate that the defendant was deprived of effective assistance of counsel. Although the defendant argued that the defendant's trial counsel failed to ask prospective jurors certain questions during voir dire, the defendant made no assertion as to what answers any prospective juror would have given had he or she been asked any of those questions or as to what significance any such answer would have had. The defendant could not show prejudice with regard to the defendant's assertions that counsel failed to fully investigate the case and call essential witnesses because counsel made no proffer as to what a thorough investigation would have uncovered or what the essential witnesses would have said, and the defendant failed to show a reasonable probability that an objection or motion for mistrial related to a detective's testimony would have changed the outcome of the defendant's trial. Ware v. State, 307 Ga. App. 782 , 706 S.E.2d 143 (2011).
Defendant failed to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel due to counsel's failure to seek a mistrial after successfully objecting to a witness's testimony that the defendant told the witness that "he would have a shoot-out with police before he ever went back to jail" on the ground that the witness's response placed the defendant's character in evidence because even if counsel's failure to request a mistrial were deemed deficient, no mistrial would have been granted as a nonresponsive answer that impacted negatively on a defendant's character did not improperly place the defendant's character in issue, and another witness had already testified without objection that the witness did not call the police on another occasion because the defendant had told that witness "if the cops came he would come out shooting". Because failure to pursue a futile motion did not constitute ineffective assistance, the defendant failed to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Billings v. State, 308 Ga. App. 248 , 707 S.E.2d 177 (2011).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on the ground that the defendant's trial counsel's failure to object to the prosecutor's statement during closing argument amounted to ineffective assistance because the defendant could not demonstrate that the deficiency in trial court's performance prejudiced the defendant; the evidence of the defendant's guilt was overwhelming and there was no reasonable probability that the outcome of the defendant's trial would have been more favorable had trial counsel objected, even successfully, to the prosecutor's statement in argument. Jones v. State, 288 Ga. 431 , 704 S.E.2d 776 (2011).
Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel because the defendant did not show that: (1) the defense counsel was ineffective in failing to adequately investigate the case or meet with the defendant prior to trial; (2) the defense counsel was ineffective in failing to interview and cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses as the defendant did not establish a reasonable probability that further interviews and cross-examination would have resulted in a different outcome at trial; (3) the defense counsel was ineffective in failing to file a motion for immunity from prosecution/plea in bar pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 16-3-24.2 based upon the defendant's claim of self-defense as it was a matter of trial strategy and the defendant could not demonstrate how the failure to pursue such a claim harmed the defendant; (4) the defense counsel was ineffective in failing to request a jury charge on the use of force in defense of habitation; and (5) the defense counsel was ineffective in failing to test the thoroughness and good faith of the state's investigation. Smith v. State, 309 Ga. App. 241 , 709 S.E.2d 823 (2011), cert. denied, No. S11C1266, 2011 Ga. LEXIS 954 (Ga. 2011).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial because the trial court properly rejected the defendant's claim that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to introduce into evidence two medical evaluation documents, which the defendant alleged would have contradicted statements witnesses gave to the police; it was mere speculation that the witnesses' statements were inconsistent with the medical reports. McClarin v. State, 289 Ga. 180 , 710 S.E.2d 120 (2011), cert. denied, 132 S. Ct. 1004 , 181 L. Ed. 2 d 745 (2012).
Defendant was not entitled to a new trial on the basis that trial counsel was ineffective because the defendant failed to establish that there was a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's alleged deficiencies, the outcome of the trial would have been different; even assuming that trial counsel performed deficiently by failing to object to certain testimony, the defendant failed to show a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been different, and even if trial counsel had filed a motion to suppress certain evidence and that evidence had been excluded, the remaining evidence adduced at trial was overwhelming. Lowe v. State, 310 Ga. App. 242 , 712 S.E.2d 633 (2011).
Because the defendant made no showing that the defendant's wife lacked authority to consent to a search of the marital residence, because the trial attorney's strategic decisions not to pursue a defense or to request a jury poll were not patently unreasonable, and because the defendant's claims were not waived by appellate counsel, the defendant failed to show that the defendant was entitled to a new trial based on counsels' alleged ineffectiveness. Davis v. State, 311 Ga. App. 699 , 716 S.E.2d 710 (2011).
Defendant was not denied effective assistance of counsel due to trial counsel's failure to renew a motion for mistrial after the trial court gave a curative instruction because the defendant failed to demonstrate prejudice; trial counsel had twice moved for a mistrial, which the trial court denied, and the trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in giving the curative instruction, which preserved the defendant's right to a fair trial. Sanders v. State, 290 Ga. 445 , 721 S.E.2d 834 (2012).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel because any error in excluding a witness's testimony regarding the victim's allegedly prior false accusations of sexual abuse was harmless; the defendant could not show that trial counsel was deficient in failing to investigate a matter of which counsel was unaware of at the time. Ellis v. State, 316 Ga. App. 352 , 729 S.E.2d 492 (2012).
Trial court committed no error in denying the defendant's motion for new trial because the defendant could not show that trial counsel was deficient for declining to ask for a contemporaneous limiting instruction; trial counsel did not ask for a contemporaneous limiting instruction on similar transaction evidence since counsel wanted to try to draw the least amount of attention to it as possible, and the trial court gave a limiting instruction on similar transaction evidence in the court's final charge to the jury. Sims v. State, 317 Ga. App. 420 , 731 S.E.2d 105 (2012).
Not knowing case was set for trial. - Mere fact that counsel and clients had no knowledge that case was on calendar and set for trial is not in itself sufficient to support grant of new trial. Southern Ariz. Sch. for Boys, Inc. v. Morris, 123 Ga. App. 67 , 179 S.E.2d 548 (1970).
Not knowing when case would be called. - Mere fact that plaintiff's counsel did not know exactly when case would be called, and so was not present to ask for continuance resulting in dismissal, was not ground for new trial, nor was the fact that counsel was trying the case in another court. Georgia v. Handshakers, Inc., 140 Ga. App. 641 , 231 S.E.2d 575 (1976).
Refusal to allow defendant to dismiss counsel did not warrant new trial. - Because the record showed that the defendant never unequivocally asserted a right to self-representation, the trial court did not err in refusing to allow the defendant to dismiss trial counsel; thus, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial. Pulliam v. State, 287 Ga. App. 717 , 653 S.E.2d 65 (2007), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 159 (Ga. 2008).
Counsel not ineffective. - Because defense counsel's trial strategy, tactics, and tactical errors did not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel and because the defendant did not establish that the deficiency prejudiced the defense, the trial court's denial of defendant's motion for a new trial was not clearly erroneous. Ford v. State, 272 Ga. App. 798 , 613 S.E.2d 234 (2005).
Defendant was not erroneously denied a new trial on grounds that trial counsel was ineffective, as the evidence, via trial counsel's testimony, showed that: (1) counsel, after gathering the defendant's medical history and interviewing the defendant's medical provider, did not believe the defendant was insane; and (2) counsel, after consulting with the defendant and gaining an approval, made a strategic decision not to pursue a mental health defense, opting instead to pursue a claim of self-defense. Radford v. State, 281 Ga. 303 , 637 S.E.2d 712 (2006).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim lacked merit, and did not warrant a new trial, as the defendant failed to show that trial counsel's actions, in which counsel also represented the codefendant who was the passenger in the vehicle the defendant was driving, prejudiced the defense; further, counsel's actions did not slight the defense of one defendant for another, the principles contained in charges on mere presence and equal access were adequate, counsel was prepared for trial, and the prosecutor's closing argument statements were not prejudicial so as to warrant an objection. Garvin v. State, 283 Ga. App. 242 , 641 S.E.2d 176 (2006).
In a murder prosecution, the appeals court rejected the defendant's claims that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to pursue a battered woman syndrome defense and by failing to request a jury instruction on the lesser offense of voluntary manslaughter, as: (1) the evidence showed that the defendant, after consultation with counsel, instead chose to focus exclusively on the defense of justification; (2) the evidence did not support a voluntary manslaughter charge; and (3) the defendant did not want the trial court to charge on voluntary manslaughter. Moreover, at the new trial hearing, because appellate counsel did not ask trial counsel about the decision not to seek the manslaughter instruction, that decision was presumed to be strategic. Ballard v. State, 281 Ga. 232 , 637 S.E.2d 401 (2006).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit, as: (1) the defendant failed to give any specific examples of prejudice; (2) the defendant, after consultation with counsel, testified freely and voluntarily; and (3) any objections counsel might have made to a videotaped statement would have lacked merit, as those statements contained evidence of prior difficulties, admissible without notice and without the need for a pretrial hearing; hence, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on those grounds. Campbell v. State, 282 Ga. App. 854 , 640 S.E.2d 358 (2006).
Because the defendant failed to show that: (1) trial counsel's performance was deficient in failing to call a forensic interviewer as a witness, and that failure prejudiced the defense and would have changed the outcome of the trial; (2) trial counsel's decision not to object to the properly admitted testimony from a forensic interviewer as to the opinion rendered on the victim's intelligence and reactions to certain questions which were consistent with abuse was not ineffective; and (3) the defendant could not show that the failure to call the trial attorney affected the outcome of a motion for a new trial, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims against both trial and appellate counsel lacked merit; thus, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial. Freeman v. State, 282 Ga. App. 185 , 638 S.E.2d 358 (2006).
Appeals court rejected the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims regarding the admission of a tape-recorded statement and claim that trial counsel should have demanded a Jackson-Denno hearing or a hearing to determine the admissibility of a similar transaction, as: (1) proper res gestae evidence could be admitted without having to follow the rules regarding prior similar transactions; (2) assuming that trial counsel should have demanded a Jackson-Denno hearing, the defendant failed to show how a hearing would have altered the outcome of the trial; and (3) at a hearing on the motion for a new trial, the defendant failed to introduce any evidence whatsoever to suggest that the statement made was involuntary. White v. State, 282 Ga. App. 286 , 638 S.E.2d 426 (2006).
Because the defendant failed to support an ineffective assistance of counsel claim with affirmative evidence showing an infringement of rights or a procedural irregularity in the taking of a prior guilty plea, and the defendant failed to show that an objection by trial counsel to the introduction of the prior plea would have been successful, a claim that trial counsel was ineffective, thus warranting a new trial, lacked merit. Lattimore v. State, 282 Ga. App. 435 , 638 S.E.2d 848 (2006).
Defendant was not entitled to a new trial based on claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel as the only evidence offered to support this claim was the defendant's own hearsay testimony as to what the desired witnesses were expected to testify to at trial, and such evidence was insufficient; further, the defendant failed to show that counsel's decision to forgo calling such witnesses was unreasonable. Brigman v. State, 282 Ga. App. 481 , 639 S.E.2d 359 (2006).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial on grounds that trial counsel was ineffective, specifically as to issues of the defendant's competency to stand trial and getting the defendant to agree to a bench trial, as: (1) the record showed that defense counsel adequately pursued the competency issue, filed pre-trial discovery motions, obtained an order for defendant's mental evaluation, hired a forensic psychologist to evaluate the defendant's competency, presented and examined witnesses, cross-examined the state's witnesses, and made a closing argument; (2) even if the court were to assume that trial counsel's failure to interview the various doctors constituted deficient performance, the defendant failed to show any prejudice resulting therefrom; and (3) the defendant failed to show that trial counsel was deficient regarding the decision to pursue a bench trial rather than a jury trial, given that the trial court found that the defendant agreed that the case should be submitted to the court on stipulated facts, rather than to the jury. Wafford v. State, 283 Ga. App. 154 , 640 S.E.2d 727 (2007).
Defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to object to specifically challenged testimony presented against the defendant, and a new trial was not warranted based on that ineffectiveness, as: (1) counsel explained at the hearing on the new trial motion that objections were not made for strategic and tactical reasons, so as to not draw attention to some of the testimony; (2) some of the testimony hurt the credibility of the state's witnesses while enhancing the credibility of the defense theory; (3) counsel attempted to engender sympathy for the defendant; and (4) the defendant failed to show that the outcome of the trial would have been different if the objections would have been made. Walls v. State, 283 Ga. App. 560 , 642 S.E.2d 195 (2007).
Because trial counsel was adequately prepared for trial, effectively engaged in plea negotiations, made timely objections, properly handled the defense, was not required to make meritless objections, and the defendant ultimately failed to show a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's alleged errors, the result of the trial would have been different, counsel was found to not be ineffective; thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial. Garrett v. State, 285 Ga. App. 282 , 645 S.E.2d 718 (2007).
On retrial on one count of child molestation and two counts of aggravated child molestation, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on grounds that trial counsel was ineffective in admitting notes generated by a forensic evaluator who interviewed the child victim, as the defendant had previously been found guilty in the first trial in which the notes were not introduced. Mewborn v. State, 285 Ga. App. 187 , 645 S.E.2d 669 (2007).
Defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to obtain a mental evaluation of the defendant prior to trial to determine criminal responsibility, absent record evidence that counsel had advance notice of any mental health problems, and further discussions with the defendant's family would not have revealed a history of significant mental illness; hence, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on those grounds. Breland v. State, 285 Ga. App. 251 , 648 S.E.2d 389 (2007).
Because a transcript of the hearing on the defendant's motion for new trial was not included in the record on appeal, and absent any other proffer of the additional testimony and evidence that the alleged favorable witnesses would have testified to, the defendant could not show a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been different had trial counsel subpoenaed the witnesses; hence, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on that foundation failed. Dukes v. State, 285 Ga. App. 172 , 645 S.E.2d 664 (2007).
Despite the defendant's contrary claims, trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to subpoena witnesses necessary to support a defense and failing to adequately raise all issues in the defendant's motion to suppress and motion for independent analysis of the suspected narcotics as: (1) the defendant failed to supply sufficient information about the whereabouts of the witnesses; (2) the defendant failed to produce the witnesses at the motion for a new trial hearing; (3) counsel's strategy in handling the suppression motion showed an appropriate exercise of discretion; and (4) under the theory of defense presented, counsel was not ineffective by failing to obtain an independent examination of the substance tested. McTaggart v. State, 285 Ga. App. 178 , 645 S.E.2d 658 (2007).
In a prosecution against the defendant under O.C.G.A. § 16-6-4 , because the defendant failed to show that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to present an alibi witness, and because the defendant failed to offer evidence that a medical examiner or witnesses from the Department of Family and Child Services would have been favorable to a defense, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit. Herrington v. State, 285 Ga. App. 4 , 645 S.E.2d 29 , cert. denied, No. S07C1285, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 548 (Ga. 2007).
The Court of Appeals of Georgia upheld an order denying the defendant's motion for a new trial, as an ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on counsel's alleged failure to communicate lacked merit, given that no reasonable probability existed, nor did the defendant offer any, that the outcome of the trial would have been different absent counsel's alleged deficient performance. Chambers v. State, 284 Ga. App. 400 , 643 S.E.2d 871 (2007).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's amended motion for a new trial based on trial counsel's alleged ineffective assistance as the evidence failed to show that counsel's trial strategy was unreasonable, the defendant failed to show prejudice by counsel's actions, and the defendant failed to preserve some of the challenges to counsel's actions for appellate review. Phillips v. State, 284 Ga. App. 224 , 644 S.E.2d 153 (2007).
On appeal from convictions on one count of aggravated sexual battery and two counts of sexual assault, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial as the defendant failed to show that any prejudice resulted from counsel's failure to call the defendant's wife to testify for the defense, and the appeals court refused to speculate that the wife's testimony would have led to an acquittal. Lee v. State, 286 Ga. App. 368 , 650 S.E.2d 320 (2007).
Because it appeared that trial counsel's strategy was to convince the court that insufficient circumstantial evidence was presented in order to convict the defendant, and counsel's decision not to hire an expert to testify as to how quickly the defendant could become intoxicated was a tactical matter to avoid getting into a battle of the experts, those decisions did not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel sufficient to warrant a new trial. O'Connell v. State, 285 Ga. App. 835 , 648 S.E.2d 147 (2007).
Trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial based on numerous claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, as counsel was not ineffective in failing to: (1) make meritless objections; (2) raise what was considered a novel legal argument; (3) file futile motions that would not have changed the outcome of trial; (4) require corroboration of the defendant's confession; and (5) anticipate that the defendant's wife might mislead the defense; moreover, the defendant's claim that counsel was inadequately prepared for trial was belied by the record. Daly v. State, 285 Ga. App. 808 , 648 S.E.2d 90 (2007), cert. denied, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 659 (Ga. 2007), cert. denied, 553 U.S. 1039, 128 S. Ct. 2441 , 171 L. Ed. 2 d 241 (2008).
Because trial counsel's strategic decision not to call a close family friend as a witness, who could have rebutted the state's evidence that the defendant was controlling, was supported by testimony that the witness would not have added anything to the defense and might have diluted the defendant's voluntary manslaughter theory, counsel was not ineffective in failing to have the witness testify; thus, the defendant was properly denied a new trial. Johnson v. State, 282 Ga. 96 , 646 S.E.2d 216 (2007).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit, as a motion to strike or for a mistrial after the state's expert offered an opinion as to the victim's failure to immediately report the abuse was meritless, and counsel's decision as to how to present the defendant's testimony fell within the realm of reasonable trial strategy, and therefore could not be considered deficient; thus, the claims could not serve as the basis for a new trial. Gaines v. State, 285 Ga. App. 654 , 647 S.E.2d 357 (2007).
Trial court properly denied the defendant's amended motion for a new trial as: (1) the defendant failed to support an assertion that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to listen to an audiotape of the defendant's second interview with the Georgia Bureau of Investigation prior to trial; (2) counsel's offhand comment as to hindsight was insufficient to support an inference of deficient performance; and (3) the defendant failed to show that prejudice resulted from counsel's alleged deficiency. Sturgis v. State, 282 Ga. 88 , 646 S.E.2d 233 (2007).
Because trial counsel did not provide the defendant with ineffective assistance to the extent that the relevant strategic decisions made would not have affected the outcome of the trial, and counsel properly chose not to object to the court's failure to merge a kidnapping and false imprisonment conviction, as those were independent offenses, the defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied. Snelson v. State, 286 Ga. App. 203 , 648 S.E.2d 647 (2007).
Defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied since defense counsel was not ineffective in: (1) failing to investigate the victim's reputation for violence and introduce evidence of that victim's prior violent acts; (2) failing to investigate the defendant's medical records; (3) failing to investigate a state witness's convictions for crimes of moral turpitude and request an impeachment charge concerning that witness; (4) advising defendant not to testify; and (5) failing to present evidence or argument at sentencing. Cross v. State, 285 Ga. App. 518 , 646 S.E.2d 723 (2007), cert. denied, No. S07C1479, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 680 (Ga. 2007).
Trial court properly denied the defendant's motion for a new trial on appeal from the defendant's convictions of child molestation and aggravated child molestation because: (1) venue was adequately shown by the testimony of a single witness; (2) the defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective by failing to prepare for trial, investigate the case, subpoena important documents, interview key witnesses, and object to damaging testimony; and (3) the defendant failed to show that the outcome of the trial would have been different but for counsel's alleged shortcomings. Brooks v. State, 286 Ga. App. 209 , 648 S.E.2d 724 (2007).
Rape conviction was upheld on appeal as the defendant was not entitled to a new trial based on defense counsel's failure to object to certain testimony from the victim about the defendant's history of selling drugs and failure to subpoena certain medical records, as: (1) testimony from the victim that the defendant gave the victim drugs before some of the sexual encounters between them was admissible as part of the res gestae; and (2) the medical records were generally consistent with the victim's testimony, and therefore no prejudice resulted from failing to subpoena them. Mitchell v. State, 287 Ga. App. 517 , 651 S.E.2d 821 (2007).
In a battery prosecution, setting aside the defendant's failure to object to a second attorney's representation at trial, a denial from the defendant's first attorney of an alleged promise to represent the defendant after that counsel's suspension had expired gave the trial court sufficient grounds for finding that no such promise occurred, eliminating the defendant's denial of the right to counsel claim; moreover, inasmuch as the defendant failed to challenge the trial court's finding that the second attorney's representation was effective, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial. Northington v. State, 287 Ga. App. 96 , 650 S.E.2d 760 (2007).
Defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to object when a medical examiner testified that the victim's death was a homicide and not an accident, and despite the defendant's contrary claim, the testimony was not an expression of the witness' opinion on the ultimate issue in the case, as: (1) counsel did not consider the testimony objectionable because there was no dispute that the "manner" of the victim's death was a homicide, and such tactic was not unreasonable; (2) the ultimate issue for the jury to determine was whether the defendant acted with malice, in response to the victim's provocation, or whether self-defense was an issue; (3) counsel testified that an objection would have been in order had the medical examiner invaded the province of the jury by expressing the opinion that the homicide was a murder; and (4) the defendant failed to show any prejudice by the testimony presented. Berry v. State, 282 Ga. 376 , 651 S.E.2d 1 (2007).
Because the defendant was not denied the effective assistance of trial counsel based on said counsel's failure to call certain witnesses, as the testimony that these witnesses would have provided would not have affected the outcome of the trial, and counsel was not ineffective to the extent that the defendant was denied the right to testify at trial, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial. Finch v. State, 287 Ga. App. 319 , 651 S.E.2d 478 (2007).
Because trial counsel's decision not to object to statements that might have impugned the defendant's character was a tactical one, the trial court properly found that trial counsel was not ineffective; thus, the defendant was properly denied a new trial on those grounds. Page v. State, 287 Ga. App. 182 , 651 S.E.2d 131 (2007).
Because the defendant was unable to establish prejudice resulting from trial counsel's alleged shortcomings, specifically that counsel was unprepared for trial, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim lacked merit; thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on that ground. Bradford v. State, 287 Ga. App. 50 , 651 S.E.2d 356 (2007).
Because the defendant did not claim below that trial counsel was ineffective for opening the door to impeachment, the defendant failed to timely raise this argument, and thus the claim was waived for purposes of appeal; as a result, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on ineffective assistance of counsel grounds. Lipsey v. State, 287 Ga. App. 835 , 652 S.E.2d 870 (2007).
Because counsels' advice against putting the defendant on the stand was tactical, counsel made the strategic decision not to strike a challenged juror, and the record reflected the basis for counsels' objection and motion for a mistrial during the state's closing argument, the defendant's allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel lacked merit; thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial as a result. Warner v. State, 287 Ga. App. 892 , 652 S.E.2d 898 (2007).
Because a trial counsel's decision not to request a jury charge on a lesser-included offense in order to pursue an all-or-nothing defense was a matter of trial strategy, and there was no indication that the defendant would have agreed to charges on lesser-included offenses, given that the defendant relied on a claim of innocence, counsel was not ineffective in failing to request an instruction on a lesser-included offense; thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on this ground. Davis v. State, 287 Ga. App. 786 , 653 S.E.2d 104 (2007).
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims regarding the defendant's initial post-trial counsel's performance lacked merit, as counsel was neither professionally deficient nor prejudicial because: (1) the defendant waived any right to be present at the two juror interviews; (2) no deficiency could result from counsel's failure to raise meritless objections; and (3) the trial court specifically found that the defendant adequately understood the nature of the charges, comprehended the proceedings, despite being under the influence of prescribed anti-depressants, and was capable of aiding the defense. Hampton v. State, 282 Ga. 490 , 651 S.E.2d 698 (2007).
Because the defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective in presenting a defense and requesting jury instructions on the defendant's claim of innocence, and was authorized to forego objection to a challenged portion of the state's closing argument, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit and did not warrant a new trial. King v. State, 282 Ga. 505 , 651 S.E.2d 711 (2007).
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims regarding the defendant's initial post-trial counsel's performance lacked merit, as counsel was neither professionally deficient nor prejudicial because: (1) the defendant waived any right to be present at the two juror interviews; (2) no deficiency could result from counsel's failure to raise meritless objections; and (3) the trial court specifically found that the defendant adequately understood the nature of the charges, and comprehended the proceedings, despite being under the influence of prescribed anti-depressants, and was capable of aiding the defense; thus, the evidence did not provide an adequate basis for the appellate court to conclude that the outcome of an amended motion for a new trial would have been different. Hampton v. State, 282 Ga. 490 , 651 S.E.2d 698 (2007).
Because the defendant's trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to call a witness who would have testified that the victim fabricated claims of molestation, given evidence that: (1) the witness did not inform counsel of the witness before trial; (2) counsel articulated valid reasons for not calling the witness; (3) counsel challenged the state's evidence, arguing that the claims were fabricated; and (4) the defendant failed to show that any prejudice resulted from counsel's actions, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Noe v. State, 287 Ga. App. 728 , 652 S.E.2d 620 (2007).
Because any deficiency in counsel's failure to object to an investigator's testimony regarding the hearsay statements of an informant did not prejudice the defendant's defense, the jury was likely to deduce that the defendant was on parole from the fact that a parole officer initiated a search, and pretermitting whether the defendant's response to the investigator's request to search constituted "pre-arrest silence," no deficiency existed in counsel's reasonable strategic decision that the evidence was consistent with the defense, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims lacked merit. Cauley v. State, 287 Ga. App. 701 , 652 S.E.2d 586 (2007).
Because: (1) it was likely that a mistrial would not have been granted after a police investigator testified about past dealings with the defendant; and (2) trial counsel's failure to request a curative instruction about the alleged improper injection of character evidence or question a witness about a note in which that witness recanted a statement amounted to reasonable trial strategy, the appeals court found that the defendant's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel lacked merit. Thus, a new trial based on those claims was unwarranted. Head v. State, 288 Ga. App. 205 , 653 S.E.2d 540 (2007).
Because the defendant failed to show that any prejudice resulted from trial counsel's failure to investigate potential character witnesses and failure to "re-advise" the defendant of the right to testify following the state's introduction of rebuttal evidence, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on these grounds. Thomas v. State, 282 Ga. 894 , 655 S.E.2d 599 (2008).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims did not warrant a new trial because counsel's trial tactics did not amount to ineffective assistance: (1) the defendant could not complain from a self-made choice to testify; (2) counsel's closing argument was not deficient; and (3) counsel could not be ineffective simply because another attorney might have used different language or placed a different emphasis on the evidence. Davenport v. State, 283 Ga. 171 , 656 S.E.2d 844 (2008).
Because the trial court was entitled to believe counsel's testimony at the hearing on the motion for new trial that counsel advised the defendant of the right to testify at trial and that counsel met numerous times with the defendant, with ample opportunity to discuss all aspects of the case with counsel, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim in support of a motion for a new trial had to be rejected. Warren v. State, 283 Ga. 42 , 656 S.E.2d 803 (2008).
Because the defendant failed to show that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to request jury voir dire to determine whether jurors saw the defendant wearing handcuffs, and because sufficient evidence supported the defendant's burglary conviction to make a directed verdict of acquittal unnecessary, a motion for a new trial was properly denied. Brown v. State, 289 Ga. App. 297 , 656 S.E.2d 582 (2008).
Because: (1) the defendant failed to show that counsel was deficient in failing to impeach a cohort in the crimes charged with a prior felony conviction; (2) counsel made the strategic decision to restrict the scope of the cohort's cross-examination; and (3) the defendant could not show any prejudice resulting from the counsel's actions, the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim lacked merit. Thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial as a result of that claim. Jones v. State, 289 Ga. App. 219 , 656 S.E.2d 556 (2008), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 381 (Ga. 2008).
Because the evidence showed that: (1) the defendant's trial counsel spent sufficient time investigating and preparing the case; (2) the defendant failed to present evidence of the victim's alleged "false reporting" conviction at the hearing on the motion for new trial or show how counsel's cross-examination of the victim on the false reporting would have affected the outcome of the trial; and (3) trial counsel contacted each and every person the defendant identified as a witness, the defendant's motion for a new trial on grounds that counsel was ineffective was properly denied. Kilby v. State, 289 Ga. App. 457 , 657 S.E.2d 567 (2008).
On appeal from convictions on two counts of child molestation and one count of aggravated sexual battery, the trial court properly found that the defendant was not entitled to a new trial based on allegations of the ineffective assistance of defense counsel because: (1) the manner in which counsel handled alleged exculpatory evidence pertaining to a similar transaction witness and the cross-examination of that witness, was part of counsel's reasonable trial strategy; (2) the defendant's reciprocal discovery or due process rights were not violated; and (3) the existence of the information sought was known to the defendant, which could have been obtained with due diligence. Ellis v. State, 289 Ga. App. 452 , 657 S.E.2d 562 (2008).
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim did not warrant a new trial in a prosecution for rape, kidnapping, aggravated stalking, and two counts of stalking; because of the limited nature of a challenged witnesses' trial testimony, defense counsel made a strategic decision not to seek recusal of the trial judge, who was the brother of the challenged witness, and counsel discussed with the defendant the reasons for not seeking recusal. Pirkle v. State, 289 Ga. App. 450 , 657 S.E.2d 560 (2008).
New trial based on counsel's alleged ineffectiveness was unwarranted because the defendant made no affirmative showing that the purported deficiencies in trial counsel's representation in investigating a claim of possible jury tampering amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel and were not examples of a conscious and deliberate trial strategy. Dowels v. State, 289 Ga. App. 369 , 657 S.E.2d 279 (2008).
Because: (1) the defendant failed to meet the burden of establishing that the state possessed favorable information, or that the trial's outcome might have been different if videotapes from the cameras on the vehicles of the two responding officers had been produced; and (2) counsel was not required to make an objection to the admission of similar transaction evidence when such would have been futile, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial as a result. Hinton v. State, 290 Ga. App. 479 , 659 S.E.2d 841 (2008).
Because the defendant failed to present any evidence of prejudice from trial counsels' alleged deficiency in failing to explore the possibility that the defendant's mental illness might have provided a viable trial defense, and that one counsel failed to adequately prepare the defendant for taking the witness stand, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial based on the ineffective assistance of counsel. Icenhour v. State, 290 Ga. App. 461 , 659 S.E.2d 858 (2008).
New trial based on counsel's alleged ineffectiveness was properly denied because the defendant's numerous claims of ineffective assistance of counsel lacked merit; the defendant failed to show that: (1) the number of different instructions sought; (2) any additional investigation or preparation; (3) an objection to evidence of the prior difficulties between the defendant and the victim, and request for a contemporaneous limiting instruction; and (4) a request for an instruction on a defense not alleged, would have changed the outcome of the trial, and the tactical decision as to which defense to pursue was part of a reasonable trial strategy. Breazeale v. State, 290 Ga. App. 632 , 660 S.E.2d 376 (2008).
Because the defendant failed to show that any prejudice resulted from trial counsel's alleged ineffectiveness in failing to discover and introduce the criminal record of one of the witnesses for the prosecution for impeachment purposes, a new trial was properly denied. Rivers v. State, 283 Ga. 108 , 657 S.E.2d 210 (2008).
In prosecution against defendant on two counts of child molestation, because trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to request a specific jury charge addressing alleged improper bolstering testimony, present any expert testimony which was not helpful to defense, and elicit available favorable evidence and impeach the victim's testimony, defendant's convictions of related offenses were upheld on appeal; thus, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on grounds that trial counsel was ineffective. Rouse v. State, 290 Ga. App. 740 , 660 S.E.2d 476 (2008).
As a defendant failed to raise an issue regarding the alleged bolstering of a victim by a witness for the state in the defendant's motion for a new trial based on the alleged ineffectiveness of trial counsel, the issue was not preserved for purposes of appellate review. Carroll v. State, 292 Ga. App. 795 , 665 S.E.2d 883 (2008).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on the ground that the defendant's trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to obtain an electronic enhancement of a videotape depicting a drug sale, which allegedly would have shown that the defendant was not the perpetrator of the offense, because the defendant failed to show that the defendant was prejudiced as a result of trial counsel's failure to obtain an electronic enhancement of the videotape prior to trial since the enhanced images failed to create a reasonable probability that the defendant was not the perpetrator depicted in the images. Moreover, an undercover officer unequivocally identified the defendant as the perpetrator based upon the officer's personal observations and independent memory of the defendant at the time of the drug sale, and although the defendant attempted to prove that another individual was the perpetrator depicted in the videotape's images, the defendant failed to proffer sufficient evidence in support of the defendant's claim. Faulkner v. State, 304 Ga. App. 791 , 697 S.E.2d 914 (2010).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel because trial counsel's decision not to object to a police officer's passing reference to the defendant's post-arrest silence was a valid exercise of reasonable professional judgment, the defendant failed to rebut the presumption that counsel performed within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance in failing to challenge hearsay testimony, counsel's defense strategy of implicating the codefendants was not unreasonable, and counsel did not fail to present evidence as promised in the counsel's opening statement. Jackson v. State, 306 Ga. App. 33 , 701 S.E.2d 481 (2010).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the ground that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to statements the prosecutor made during closing argument because counsel did object, and defense counsel's objection was successful; while the defendant asserted that counsel should have further moved for a mistrial, such decisions generally fell within the ambit of strategy and tactics. Wilson v. State, 306 Ga. App. 827 , 703 S.E.2d 400 (2010).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the ground that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to a question directed to an accomplice because counsel personally opened the line of questioning on cross-examination, and in the absence of counsel's testimony, it was presumed to be a strategic decision; having made that decision, trial counsel could not object, and because trial counsel succeeded in obtaining acquittal on the three most serious charges against the defendant that strongly supported the conclusion that the assistance actually rendered by trial counsel fell within that broad range of reasonably effective assistance that members of the bar in good standing were presumed to render. Wilson v. State, 306 Ga. App. 827 , 703 S.E.2d 400 (2010).
Trial court did not err in denying the codefendant's motion for new trial on the ground that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to testimony from one of the victims and a police officer regarding the codefendant's prior purchase of marijuana from one of the victims because drug use showed the codefendant's motive to rob a home where the codefendant believed illegal drugs and money would be found; an accomplice testified that the motive for the robbery was that the victims kept drugs and cash in the apartment and that the codefendant planned the robbery and knew that drugs and money were kept in the house. Wilson v. State, 306 Ga. App. 827 , 703 S.E.2d 400 (2010).
Trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to move for a mistrial when a state's witness interjected bad character evidence because the witness's improper remarks were fleeting, unsolicited, and nonresponsive to the prosecutor's examination questions, and since the defendant did not show that the defendant was otherwise entitled to a mistrial based upon the circumstances, trial counsel's failure to pursue a meritless motion does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel; the trial court sustained the objections to the improper testimony and instructed the prosecutor and witness to restrict the examination and responses, the witness and prosecutor complied with the trial court's instructions, and there was no further mention of the bad character evidence. Boatright v. State, 308 Ga. App. 266 , 707 S.E.2d 158 (2011).
Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel because trial counsel's decision not to request the production of the duct tape that was used to bind the defendant when the defendant was allegedly kidnapped was not patently unreasonable because the duct tape itself was cumulative of evidence that was introduced through the defendant's recorded police interview and trial counsel's cross-examination of a detective; even if it was assumed that trial counsel performed deficiently, the defendant proffered no evidence at the hearing on the defendant's motion for new trial that an analysis of the duct tape would have bolstered the defendant's alibi defense. Buis v. State, 309 Ga. App. 644 , 710 S.E.2d 850 (2011).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial because trial counsel's failure to object to a detective's testimony did not amount to deficient performance since the testimony was not a statement of the victim's credibility or an invasion of the province of the jury; the testimony concerned the detective's reason for ending the interview with the victim and referring the victim to the Georgia Center of Child Advocacy, and even if the testimony that "a molestation incident occurred" did constitute improper bolstering, the defendant failed to show a reasonable probability that the testimony so prejudiced the defense as to affect the outcome of the trial. Furthermore, the motion was also properly denied because trial counsel's failure to object to the prosecutor's comments during closing argument did not constitute deficient performance; the comments of which defendant complained were permissible since the comments were the conclusion the prosecutor wished the jury to draw from the evidence and not a statement of the prosecutor's personal belief as to the veracity of a witness. Strickland v. State, 311 Ga. App. 400 , 715 S.E.2d 798 (2011).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel because there was no evidence to support an instruction on defense of habitation pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 16-3-23 and, thus, trial counsel did not perform deficiently in failing to request such an instruction; there was no evidence that the victim was attempting to unlawfully enter or attack the defendant's vehicle at the time the defendant stabbed the victim, and under the facts, there could be no reasonable belief that stabbing the victim was necessary to prevent or terminate the other's unlawful entry into or attack upon a motor vehicle. Philpot v. State, 311 Ga. App. 486 , 716 S.E.2d 551 (2011).
Because the armed robbery count of the indictment sufficiently alleged the elements of armed robbery, trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to challenge armed robbery, and the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for new trial as to the ineffective assistance claim; that the property was taken from the person or immediate presence of another is necessarily inferred from the allegation of a use of an offensive weapon to accomplish the taking, and the alleged offense of "armed robbery" can be accomplished only via a taking from the person or immediate presence of another. Patterson v. State, 312 Ga. App. 793 , 720 S.E.2d 278 (2011), cert. denied, No. S12C0574, 2012 Ga. LEXIS 327 (Ga. 2012).
Trial court did not err when the court denied the portion of the codefendant's motion for new trial alleging ineffective assistance of trial counsel because the alleged deficiencies in trial counsel's performance were either without factual basis or were decisions made as matters of trial strategy. Smith v. State, 290 Ga. 428 , 721 S.E.2d 892 (2012).
Trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to object to the state's argument that no person in the circuit had ever been convicted and later proven innocent because the trial court would not have abused the court's discretion in denying the defendant's motion for mistrial had one been made and did not err when the court credited trial counsel's decision not to object to the prosecutor's closing argument as strategic; even assuming that the prosecutor should not have compared the defendant to others, the subject of wrongful convictions in other cases was brought up by the defendant, and the jury was not impressed either way by the colloquy. Stubbs v. State, 315 Ga. App. 482 , 727 S.E.2d 229 (2012).
Counsel not ineffective for alleged intoxication. - Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel because the defendant failed to show that the defendant's trial counsel was actually intoxicated on the second morning of the trial and that the defendant's counsel's performance after consuming alcohol affected the outcome of the defendant's trial; nothing in the record showed that the trial court erred in finding that there were no deficiencies in counsel's performance on the second morning of the trial. Long v. State, 307 Ga. App. 669 , 705 S.E.2d 889 (2011).
When ineffective counsel did not result in prejudice. - Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim did not warrant a new trial because sufficient evidence of the defendant's intoxication was presented in the record, and the defendant failed to show prejudice resulting from trial counsel's failure to object to defendant's admission to having a prior DUI conviction, even though it was error for trial counsel not to object. Thomas v. State, 288 Ga. App. 827 , 655 S.E.2d 701 (2007).
New trial was unwarranted because: (1) the decision not to present the defendant's love interest as an alibi witness was clearly strategic, and thus, could not serve as the basis for an ineffectiveness claim; and (2) counsel's alleged failure to specifically object to the victim's testimony on bolstering and not on leading and speculation grounds impermissibly expanded the enumerated error. Scott v. State, 288 Ga. App. 738 , 655 S.E.2d 326 (2007).
While the defendant's trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to that portion of the state's closing argument in which the prosecutor referenced a slain officer's funeral a week prior, as that fact had no relevance to the charges the defendant was facing, based on the overwhelming evidence of guilt, including the defendant's admission, the defendant's convictions for trafficking in cocaine and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute were upheld on appeal; thus, a new trial was properly denied. Cantrell v. State, 290 Ga. App. 651 , 660 S.E.2d 468 (2008).
Failure to disclose unknown reward. - Trial court did not err in denying a motion for a new trial when the state did not disclose a potential reward for one of the state's witnesses when the state's attorney did not know at the time of trial that any witness testifying for the state was subject to a reward. McBee v. State, 210 Ga. App. 182 , 435 S.E.2d 469 (1993).
State found not to have committed discovery violation. - Absent any evidence of bad faith on the part of the state, or an order requiring production, the state did not fail to fully disclose all the information regarding the defendant's breath test results. Thus, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant either a mistrial or a new trial as a result. Rosandich v. State, 289 Ga. App. 170 , 657 S.E.2d 255 (2008), cert. denied, No. S08C0861, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 380 (Ga. 2008).
Failure to establish Brady violation. - Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on the ground that the state withheld crucial impeachment evidence regarding an informant because the defendant failed to carry the burden of establishing a Brady claim; the defendant's trial counsel extensively questioned an agent about the informant's criminal history, and during the cross-examination of the agent, trial counsel elicited the fact that the informant had once been addicted to cocaine and again went through the informant's convictions, introducing copies of the convictions for the jury's consideration. Durham v. State, 309 Ga. App. 444 , 710 S.E.2d 644 (2011).
Absence of key portions of trial record supported verdict. - Because the appellant failed to supply the appellate court with the entire trial transcript in the record on appeal, but only included the pretrial motions and the opening statements at trial, without a complete transcript the court of appeals had to presume that the evidence supported the jury's verdict; thus, a new trial was not warranted. Parekh v. Wimpy, 288 Ga. App. 125 , 653 S.E.2d 352 (2007), cert. denied, No. S08C0520, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 319 (Ga. 2008).
Deputy sheriff's communications with jury. - Defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied, as the challenged communications between a deputy sheriff and the jury members were not improper, the deputy properly instructed the jurors to direct their questions to the judge, and the deputy's communications to the jury did not prejudice the defendant. Jackson v. State, 282 Ga. App. 612 , 639 S.E.2d 403 (2006).
Erroneous disallowance of challenge of juror for cause. - When it did not affirmatively appear from the record that the defendant in trial of misdemeanor case had exhausted the defendant's peremptory challenges at the time the panel of 12 jurors was accepted and sworn, the appellate court presumed that the defendant was not prejudiced by action of court in erroneously disallowing the defendant's challenge of certain jurors for cause, and did not grant reversal for alleged error. Borders v. State, 46 Ga. App. 212 , 167 S.E. 213 (1932).
Juror impartial. - Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in denying a motion for new trial motion pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 5-5-25 after the defendant was convicted of criminal charges arising from an incident involving an ex-girlfriend; the fact that one juror indicated that the juror's daughter went to school with the victim's daughter and the daughters had a sleepover a year earlier at the victim's house did not create actual juror partiality or circumstances that were inherently prejudicial to defendant's right to an impartial jury under Ga. Const. 1983, Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XI. Sims v. State, 276 Ga. App. 246 , 622 S.E.2d 909 (2005).
Pretermitting whether a challenged juror would have been disqualified based on a relationship with the defendant, because the testimony from that juror at the new trial hearing did not reveal any bias for or against the defendant, or establish that the relationship affected the verdict, the defendant was not denied a fair and impartial trial. Moreover, even if the juror deliberately answered falsely, the defendant failed to show that a new trial was warranted because that juror had an evil motive or acted otherwise as one of the twelve jurors than with the required impartiality. Allen v. State, 290 Ga. App. 604 , 659 S.E.2d 900 (2008).
Polling of jurors reveal consensus. - Trial court properly denied defendant's motion for a new trial and entered final judgments of conviction on the jury's verdict finding the defendant guilty of multiple child molestations even though the defendant alleged multiple grounds for overturning the verdict, as the polling of the last juror was sufficient to establish that the verdict against the defendant was unanimous since the juror said the guilty verdict against the defendant was "her verdict now." That response showed, along with other jurors similar responses, that the verdict was unanimous and it thus did not matter that the juror answered in response to a question before that the verdict had not been that juror's verdict. Benefield v. State, 264 Ga. App. 511 , 591 S.E.2d 404 (2003).
Voir dire was not inadequate. - Trial court acted within the court's discretion in granting an insurance premium finance company's motion in limine to preclude an insured from mentioning irrelevant corporate affiliations of the company during the course of the trial in any address to the jury, and the court properly denied the insured's motion for new trial under O.C.G.A. §§ 5-5-23 and 5-5-25 because the voir dire was broad enough to ascertain the fairness and impartiality of the prospective jurors, and the insured was not prohibited from asking more general questions that could have ferreted out the potential bias the insured claimed was so critical since the only limitation placed on voir dire was a prohibition against asking any questions about any affiliation with the company, and the insured failed to explore other avenues open to the insured for detecting juror bias; a corporation was not the company's insurer, and the insured did not provide the trial court with proof of any direct, demonstrable financial stake by the corporation in the outcome of the case. Floor Pro Packaging, Inc. v. AICCO, Inc., 308 Ga. App. 586 , 708 S.E.2d 547 (2011).
Jury foreperson's alleged untruthfulness in voir dire. - Because the defendant failed to present sufficient evidence to show that if the jury foreperson had given a truthful answer to counsel's question regarding whether any juror had ties to law enforcement, and that the foreperson would have been dismissed for cause, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on this ground. Allen v. State, 286 Ga. App. 469 , 649 S.E.2d 583 (2007).
Because the defendant failed to show error by the record in order to support a claim that the trial court impermissibly communicated with the jury during the hearing on a motion for a new trial, the appeals court rejected that claim. Thornton v. State, 288 Ga. App. 60 , 653 S.E.2d 361 (2007), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 283 (Ga. 2008).
Prejudicial statements made during voir dire. - Trial court erred in denying the defendant's motion for mistrial when prejudicial statements were made during voir dire because although a prospective juror stated that the juror was not sure if the defendant was the same person accused of raping his grandmother in a prior case, the state elicited more information from the juror, hereby providing the other prospective jurors with the name of another alleged rape victim in a crime for which the defendant was not on trial; the trial court did not undertake any measures to ascertain what, if any, impact the remark had on the panel's ability to decide the case, and the evidence was inherently prejudicial and deprived the defendant of the right to begin the trial with a jury free from even a suspicion of prejudgment or fixed opinion. Bell v. State, 311 Ga. App. 289 , 715 S.E.2d 684 (2011).
Crying juror inadequate for motion for mistrial. - Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in denying the defendant's motion for a mistrial after a juror started crying as the victim's widow and two other family members of the victim allegedly ran out of the courtroom crying during the state's closing arguments because contrary to the defendant's description of the scene during closing arguments, the trial court stated that the court did not adopt the defense attorney's recitation of what occurred. Carter v. State, 289 Ga. 51 , 709 S.E.2d 223 (2011).
Grand jury composition. - Trial court did not err in failing to grant the defendant a new trial on the ground that the grand jury was composed of 25 people in violation of O.C.G.A. § 15-12-61(a) , as the claim was waived, and the trial court found as a fact that the grand jury was properly comprised. Daly v. State, 285 Ga. App. 808 , 648 S.E.2d 90 (2007), cert. denied, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 659 (Ga. 2007), cert. denied, 553 U.S. 1039, 128 S. Ct. 2441 , 171 L. Ed. 2 d 241 (2008).
Charging entire Code section when parts are inapplicable. - It is not usually cause for a new trial that an entire Code section is given, even though a part of the charge may be inapplicable under the facts in evidence. Stevens v. State, 247 Ga. 698 , 278 S.E.2d 398 (1981), cert. denied, 463 U.S. 1213, 103 S. Ct. 3551 , 77 L. Ed. 2 d 1398 (1982).
Failure to request jury charge. - Though defendant's counsel erred by failing to request a jury charge on good character evidence and such error amounted to a deficient performance of counsel, defendant's conviction for malice murder and the denial of a motion for a new trial was upheld on appeal; no prejudice resulted to the defendant due to the deficiency in that the evidence of guilt was so overwhelming that, had the jury instruction been given, there was no likelihood that the outcome of the trial would have been different. Lucas v. State, 279 Ga. 175 , 611 S.E.2d 55 (2005).
While the prosecution against the defendant on charges of burglary, theft by taking, and criminal trespass included both direct and circumstantial evidence, convictions on those charges were not reversed merely because the trial court failed to charge former O.C.G.A. § 24-4-6 (see now O.C.G.A. § 24-14-6 ) as the defendant failed to request that charge; hence, the defendant's motion for a new trial was properly denied. Rodriguez v. State, 283 Ga. App. 752 , 642 S.E.2d 705 (2007).
Because trial counsel made a strategic decision not to present a written request for a lesser-included misdemeanor obstruction charge given that the defendant decided to pursue an "all or nothing" defense, and, as a result, the trial court did not err in not charging the jury on misdemeanor obstruction, sua sponte, which would have undermined that defense, trial counsel was not ineffective in failing to request the charge; hence, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial on those grounds. Owens v. State, 288 Ga. App. 771 , 655 S.E.2d 244 (2007), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 274 (Ga. 2008).
Improperly admitted evidence properly ruled out not grounds for mistrial. - Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion in denying the defendant's motion for a mistrial in defendant's shoplifting case as the trial court's action in immediately ruling out improperly admitted evidence and instructing the jury to disregard the evidence meant a mistrial was not necessary to preserve defendant's right to a fair trial. Bradford v. State, 261 Ga. App. 621 , 583 S.E.2d 484 (2003).
Trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to obtain copies of defendant's cell phone records, and the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial on this ground. According to the defendant, these records would have shown that calls were made from defendant's cell phone to the victim's father, rebutting the father's testimony that the defendant would not talk to the father; however, the defendant admitted at trial that the defendant's coworkers would not allow the defendant to speak with the victim's father. Stanford v. State, 288 Ga. App. 463 , 654 S.E.2d 173 (2007), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 461 (Ga. 2008).
Evidentiary issues did not warrant new trial. - Burglary conviction was upheld on appeal and, thus, the defendant was properly denied a new trial as: (1) sufficient evidence was presented that the defendant entered the victim's home without permission with the intent to commit a theft therein; and (2) the state properly presented res gestae evidence, even if such improperly placed the defendant's character in evidence. Meyers v. State, 281 Ga. App. 670 , 637 S.E.2d 78 (2006).
Because the defendant waived a confrontation clause, as well as any other constitutional objection, to testimony concerning a statement overheard from a woman fleeing the scene of the crime on appeal, and the victim's testimony, as well as the defendant's own admission, supported a robbery by intimidation conviction, such was upheld on appeal; hence, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial. Jordan v. State, 283 Ga. App. 85 , 640 S.E.2d 672 (2006).
Trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial, given sufficient evidence that: (1) the defendant's convictions for malice murder and other related crimes were supported by the evidence; (2) the jury properly decided against a voluntary manslaughter verdict based on that evidence; (3) evidentiary issues did not warrant a mistrial; (4) the state did not act in bad faith in failing to preserve potentially exculpatory evidence; and (5) no due process violation occurred by the admission of cumulative evidence. Lonergan v. State, 281 Ga. 637 , 641 S.E.2d 792 (2007).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial, as sufficient evidence supported the rape, aggravated sodomy, and incest convictions, similar transaction evidence was admitted for a proper purpose, and the imposition of a life imprisonment sentence as a recidivist child molester did not render O.C.G.A. § 16-6-4(b) an unconstitutional ex post facto law. Williams v. State, 284 Ga. App. 255 , 643 S.E.2d 749 (2007).
Because: (1) the defendant's convictions were supported by evidence of the defendant's confession to a friend and expert medical testimony as to how the victim died; (2) the defendant received ample notice of the specific deadly weapon allegedly used for purposes of the felony murder charge; and (3) the defendant failed to show that trial counsel was ineffective and a presumption of prejudice did not apply, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial. Jones v. State, 282 Ga. 47 , 644 S.E.2d 853 (2007).
Trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial, as the state's commentary during opening and closing argument on the connection between illegal drugs and crime in the community was proper, no abuse of discretion resulted from the admission of the defendant's booking mug shot, and the state's identification witnesses could testify about their level of certainty in identifying the defendant. Clark v. State, 285 Ga. App. 182 , 645 S.E.2d 671 (2007).
Because: (1) the defendant failed to support a defense of self-defense, given evidence that any imminent threat posed against the defendant had passed, the victim was shot in the head after a confrontation had ended, and the victim had retreated to the victim's car and was being driven away at the time the fatal shot was dealt; (2) severance of the offense of aggravated assault on a police officer and felony murder of the victim was not warranted; and (3) the defendant failed to prove that the state committed a Batson violation in peremptorily striking two jurors, the defendant's motion and amended motion for a new trial were properly denied. Woolfolk v. State, 282 Ga. 139 , 644 S.E.2d 828 (2007).
Because sufficient evidence was supplied via the testimony from the child victim, and the witnesses who corroborated that testimony, to support the defendant's aggravated sexual battery and child molestation convictions, despite any alleged inconsistencies, the convictions were upheld as was the denial of the defendant's motions for an acquittal and a new trial. Lilly v. State, 285 Ga. App. 427 , 646 S.E.2d 512 (2007).
Given sufficient evidence presented by the state of the defendant's involvement in the armed robbery and murder of the victim as a party to the crimes, no errors in the content and order of the jury charges, and the lack of evidence supporting the defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial. Pruitt v. State, 282 Ga. 30 , 644 S.E.2d 837 (2007).
Affirmance of the juvenile court's order terminating a parent's parental rights was ordered, as the parent failed to comply with the case plan outlined, and the parent's failure to obtain stable housing, continued financial instability, and prolonged unwillingness to address mental health issues showed that the parent's lack of parental care or control caused the children's deprivation; hence, the parent's motion for a new trial was properly denied. In the Interest of J.M.N., 285 Ga. App. 203 , 645 S.E.2d 685 (2007).
Because the jury was presented with sufficient evidence via a husband's deposition and trial testimony supporting the jury's determination of the husband's monthly gross income, which included income from two landscaping businesses and a salary from the sheriff's department, which in turn supported a finding of special circumstances warranting an upward modification of child support, the husband was not entitled to a new trial; moreover, to the extent that any error in admitting the husband's landscaping business bank statements could have resulted from the marks or highlights that were on pages sent with the jury, the husband's counsel induced such error by approving the pages beforehand. Dyals v. Dyals, 281 Ga. 894 , 644 S.E.2d 138 (2007).
In a prosecution for statutory rape, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial as: (1) the indictment adequately set forth a charge of felony statutory rape; (2) the evidence showed the defendant to be over 21 years old and more than three years older than the victim; (3) the trial court was not required to sentence the defendant for misdemeanor statutory rape, and in fact was precluded from doing so; and (4) the defendant failed to make a written request that the jury be charged on the law under former O.C.G.A. § 24-4-6 (see now O.C.G.A. § 24-14-6 ). Attaway v. State, 284 Ga. App. 855 , 644 S.E.2d 919 (2007).
Because sufficient evidence was presented that the defendant physically assaulted an off-duty sheriff's officer prior to arrest and continued to resist and obstruct the officer's official duties thereafter, the defendant was properly denied an acquittal and a new trial; moreover, given that the trial court properly charged the jury on the obstruction offense, explaining that a person committed the offense by knowingly and willfully obstructing or hindering a law enforcement officer in the lawful discharge of that officer's official duties, nothing beyond such was required. Helton v. State, 284 Ga. App. 777 , 644 S.E.2d 896 (2007).
Because the overwhelming evidence presented against the defendant supported the convictions, and the defendant failed to assert a timely and contemporaneous objection to the prosecutor's opening statement comments, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motions for a new trial and a mistrial. Brooks v. State, 284 Ga. App. 762 , 644 S.E.2d 891 (2007).
Rape, incest, child molestation, aggravated child molestation, and aggravated sodomy convictions were all upheld on appeal, given that: (1) the elements of child molestation and aggravated child molestation, including venue, were supported by the female victim's testimony; (2) the trial court's charge on the mandatory presumption of consent was proper; as a result, the defendant was not entitled to a new trial. Forbes v. State, 284 Ga. App. 520 , 644 S.E.2d 345 (2007).
Because no reversible error resulted from excepting a prosecution witness from sequestration, the admission of certain recorded out-of-court statements by three witnesses and one of the codefendants, and the jury charge on impeachment, the defendant's felony murder and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony convictions were upheld on appeal; hence, the trial court properly denied the defendant a new trial. Warner v. State, 281 Ga. 763 , 642 S.E.2d 821 (2007).
In a premises liability action arising from a customer's slip and fall on a restaurant's premises, the trial court did not err in denying the customer's motion for a new trial, as: (1) a trash can did not obstruct the sidewalk the customer was walking on at the time of the fall, and there was no basis in the record to find that the restaurant negligently failed to keep the restaurant's premises safe; (2) the customer had knowledge of the hazard equal or superior to the restaurant; (3) the customer could have discovered and avoided the hazard in the exercise of ordinary care; (4) there was no evidence that the restaurant had either actual or constructive knowledge of the hazard; (5) the trial court properly instructed the jury on the issue of constructive knowledge; and (6) there was at least some evidence to support a comparative negligence charge. Compton v. Huddle House, Inc., 284 Ga. App. 367 , 644 S.E.2d 182 (2007), cert. denied, 2007 Ga. LEXIS 515 (Ga. 2007).
Given the arresting officer's observations, the defendant's failure to maintain a lane of driving, the evidence presented surrounding the defendant's arrest, and the defendant's failed field sobriety and breath tests, sufficient evidence was presented to support the DUI convictions; thus, a new trial based on the insufficiency of the evidence was properly denied. Trull v. State, 286 Ga. App. 441 , 649 S.E.2d 571 (2007).
Because sufficient evidence supported the defendant's convictions, a voluntary statement given to police did not violate Miranda, the trial court properly charged the jury, the defendant waived error regarding a sequestration issue, and the imposition of a maximum sentence against the defendant as a recidivist was warranted, the trial court did not err in denying the defendant a new trial. Bryant v. State, 286 Ga. App. 493 , 649 S.E.2d 597 (2007).
Trial court did not err in denying the defendant's amended motion for a new trial, as defense counsel's trial strategy did not amount to ineffective assistance, the victim's testimony and surrounding evidence supported an aggravated sexual battery conviction, and any error resulting from the trial court's instruction on prior consistent statements was harmless. Boyt v. State, 286 Ga. App. 460 , 649 S.E.2
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https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/colonial-john-glover.php
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en
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Glover, Sir John Hawley (1829-1885)
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https://www.heritage.nf.ca/tpl/imagesbootstrapfavicon.ico
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Biography of Sir John Hawley Glover, colonial governor of Newfoundland from 1829-1885.
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Governor, 1876-1881, 1883-1885
Glover was born in Yateley, Hampshire, England on February 24, 1829. His began his naval service in 1841 and, early in his career, survived a shot that entered under his right eye and passed through his left ear. Glover worked on surveying ships in the Mediterranean, Africa and Burma until 1862 when he joined the colonial service. He started as an administrator in Lagos in 1863 and the following year became its colonial secretary. In 1873 he led a campaign that suppressed the Ashanti tribe. For his success, Glover received thanks from the British parliament and was knighted.
Glover was made governor of Newfoundland twice. His first term lasted from 1876 to 1881; the second was for a few months in 1884. Premiers Frederic Carter and William Whiteway, both talented and prominent men, guided Glover in his administration. They wanted less British influence in Newfoundland and, for the most part, Glover stayed out of the way. He worked to maintain good relations between the colony and Britain. Glover was the first governor to travel most of the island. He and his wife visited fishing outports and inspected work places and mines all over Newfoundland. Glover supported calls for a cross-island railway.
His first term ended when he accepted the Leeward Islands' governorship in 1881. He stayed there for two years, leaving to recover from malaria. While recuperating he was asked to return to Newfoundland after Governor Henry Maxse's death. He served in Newfoundland for several months before ill health forced him back to England. He never fully recovered from malaria and died on September 30, 1885 in London. Glover was commemorated in Newfoundland with a monument in the St. John's Anglican Cathedral. Glovertown was also named in his honour.
|
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2666
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dbpedia
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1
| 81
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https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/record/17850629
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en
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The Proceedings of the Old Bailey
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https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/favicon.ico
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https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/favicon.ico
|
[] |
[] |
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[
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A searchable online edition of the Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913.
|
en
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2666
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dbpedia
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3
| 61
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https://e-tangata.co.nz/category/korero/
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en
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Kōrero Archives
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E-Tangata
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https://e-tangata.co.nz/category/korero/
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“Academic prowess is one thing, but there's a whole lot of things that we look for in our doctors and our medical people, and getting the mix right and choosing right is hard and complicated.” — Professor of surgery Jonathan Koea.
“I think we have to find ways to connect with our higher selves, our better selves, and our love for our people and each other. And for me, that happens through literature, through stories.” — Tina Makereti.
“I want to change the narrative for the people who live here today. I don’t want them to have to face the same thing as my dad did 60-something years ago, when he finished school and felt he had to move.” — Kat Kaiwai, of Tairāwhiti Contractors, on creating jobs on the East Coast.
“When I was in high school, I was told by a careers advisor that Māori didn't do medicine, and I stupidly took that on board. I defaulted to what people expected of me, which was to not do well.” — Dr Maxine Ronald, breast cancer surgeon.
"I'm certainly gonna be around in the next 15 to 20 years. I want to be part of something incredible that really makes a shift for us in broadcasting in terms of rangatiratanga and motuhake. We need to be in charge of our own platforms. And that's my goal." — Mihingarangi Forbes.
“It was scary stuff to walk in those shoes. I just don't think we have anywhere near the gifts and the special powers that our tūpuna had.” — Temuera Morrison, on playing his tupuna Rewi Maniapoto in the film Ka Whawhai Tonu (Struggle Without End).
“My mum is an awesome singer, and my sisters would sing as a trio. And when I was younger, I used to stand behind them and hum along, but I would always be flat. I would always be told to shush.” — Lyric tenor Manase Latu who starred in New Zealand Opera’s production of Le comte Ory.
“Art, music, poetry — that's how Indigenous people fight back. We don't have weapons. We don't want weapons. We have a voice. We have creativity. We have brightness and talent.” — Maungarongo Te Kawa.
“Some people in cities have historical amnesia. They forget that Māori didn’t just move to cities after they were built. We were here before their cities. We were pushed out. Our homes became their cities.” — Debbie Broughton, Te Aro Pā poet.
“Because I look Chinese and I'm told I sound like a Māori, it used to baffle people. Not as much today, but certainly when I was growing up.” — Dr Jenny Lee-Morgan.
“After Talia passed, I started writing again. I realised I write because I have to, because it’s all I can do in those circumstances.” — Isla Huia, on her debut poetry collection, named after her best friend.
“I've always loved paying homage to the past. And that’s happened with my music as well. I suppose it's the whole concept of bringing the village with me, bringing my whakapapa into my present-day music.” — Dr Andrew Faleatua.
”Māori women's stories have been relegated to the margins of history. There are things that we don’t know about ourselves because the stories about who we are have been censored and omitted from the record.” — Dr Ngahuia Murphy.
“Prayer has been massive for me. I have a couple of friends, and we just vent and pray, vent and pray. And then we eat.” — Siautu Alefaio, psychology professor at Otago University.
“I'm very clear on my views on the place and space of Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the Treaty of Waitangi in our society — past, present, and future — and I’m willing to have a very reasoned and professional debate about that.” — Tama Potaka.
“An essential aspect of the right to self-determination is recognising that the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and the state is on an equal footing.” — UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, José Francisco Calí Tzay.
“I distinctly remember hearing: “Hey, you know we don't do that stuff.” Meaning acting was only for Pākehā. So I was drawn to that side of things in secret.” — Te Kohe Tuhaka.
"I write for us. I want to see people on stage and screen who I recognise, who are our people, having complex, diverse, amazingly difficult, fantastic lives.” — Maraea Rakuraku.
“When I heard that first crack of laughter, it felt like time had frozen. It was like: ‘Man, this is what I was called to do.’ For me, it isn’t just about getting paid and looking after my family. This is my ministry. This is what I was born to do.” — Tofiga Fepulea‘i.
“We've got the pandemic of HIV, we’ve got a pandemic of Covid, and, in my eyes, we also have a pandemic in relation to suicide. There are commonalities right across those three areas that disproportionately affect Māori.” — Associate Professor Clive Aspin.
“I’m very inspired by what we, as a people, can and are achieving on a global scale — and not just in music.” — Moses Mackay, opera singer.
“Part of showing aroha to yourself is accepting that you can only do what you can do. Some people can do more than others, and some people go about it differently, and all of that is okay as long as you're doing something. The little things that we're all doing come together to make a difference.” — Dr Waikaremoana Waitoki.
“The policy of excluding Māori from tours to South Africa began in the 1920s — and by the 1930s, there was a big switch over from rugby union to rugby league among Māori footballers in some parts of the motu.” — Ryan Bodman.
“There’s the satisfaction of taking a lump straight from the earth and making something that you can fire and use to eat or drink out of, rather than going to the Warehouse or buying something that's been made in China or wherever.” — Baye Riddell.
“While I get the fact that an Indigenous party is a positive reflection for New Zealand about how we've evolved, if that Indigenous party is never in a position to exercise influence over the way that the country can go, then what is the point?” — Nanaia Mahuta.
“There are always people who say I’m not a proper Māori because I don’t go to a marae. Well, the way I look at it, some people have a religious faith but don’t necessarily go to church every Sunday.” — David Seymour.
“When the specialist tells me that I have only three months, I tell him: ‘Don't talk to me like that again. I'm not going anywhere. I just want to know the plan. Let's talk about the plan.’” — Dr Ēnoka Murphy.
“I've always felt that, within the Māori world, there were never absolutes. I mean, yes, most people were heterosexual. But, in my community, there were also extraordinary, visionary, talented, astonishing human beings who defied convention.” — Ngahuia Te Awekotuku.
“I look at a number of politicians who are out of that place, and how relieved, relaxed and vibrant they look. So, you know, it's all in front of me.” — Nanaia Mahuta.
“We’re obviously from different backgrounds . . . But the one thing all the players align on is people working hard, making sacrifices, and being committed to their tasks.” — Tomasi Cama, All Blacks Sevens head coach.
“In just a little over a year, I'd gone from being promoted to area commander to sitting at home. Disabled and without a job. Which is trauma enough after so many years in a position, but on top of that, I was seriously ill, and I thought I could die.” — Vitale Lafaele.
“We've got a small cohort who are scared of what tangata whenua represent, and what rebalancing our world represents. This is, sadly, the fear-mongering and race-baiting that we've been responding to.” — Debbie Ngarewa-Packer.
“We’ve been a self-governing country for more than 60 years, but we were imposing on ourselves all these ways to become more western and become more Pālagi rather than finding value in our Indigenous culture, customs and values.” — Professor Leilani Tuala-Warren.
“I can remember every fatal accident I’ve ever been to. And every murder. Date, time, and place. And, when you go past a particular place where something serious has happened, the memory just comes back.” — Sergeant Wayne Panapa on his 50 years in the police.
“We’ve defied history because we're the only support party, who, in a term of government, have increased our support. So I think that shows that we've kind of got it right.” — James Shaw, Greens co-leader.
“With aerospace engineering, there’s this high degree of attention to detail associated with making the aircraft safe for flying. It’s not like you can park an aircraft on a cloud and change the tyre.” — Flight Lieutenant Donté Kelly.
“We've always been strongly both Māori and Tongan. You sometimes hear people talk about being half this and half that, but I've never felt that. I've always felt Tongan and always felt Māori.” — Don Mann.
“Being in the gang gave me an identity. No one questioned who you were. No one cared if you're Māori, Pālagi, or Pacific. You were a Mobster, that's who you were. You were just one of the bros.” — Warwick Godfery.
“We get these political conversations on the continuum of ‘hard on crime’ or ‘soft on crime’. But it tells you nothing about whether the response is appropriate for what we're dealing with.” — Police Commissioner Andrew Coster.
“When I see environmental destruction, ecological destruction, I’m compelled to do something. When I see human rights violations, I just feel aroha for people because, what's that saying? ‘There but for the grace of God go I.’” — Catherine Murupaenga-Ikenn.
“What's improved is that we've got these pockets of Māori excellence . . . But our general health sector is just as racist as it's ever been, and our outcomes are just as poor as they've ever been.” — Dr Jacquie Kidd.
“There is an unfortunate sort of baiting that's going on at the moment that isn't going to take us forward as a country. It’s using Māori as a political punching bag. I hate that style of politics.” — Prime Minister Chris Hipkins.
“I’d never really been on a marae until my dad died. I was so out of my depth. I didn’t know how to do anything from an ao Māori perspective. And it’s only now that I'm learning it.” — Bic Runga.
“My academic journey has been a way for me to find my way back to the Pacific, and to make sense of my own history — that history of European settlers from all sorts of places who lived in Sāmoa.” — Peter Brunt.
“I use my privilege and my strengths as an academic, as a professor, as a nurse, as a māmā, as a wahine Māori with a disability, to provide and amplify evidence on things that are important.” — Professor Terryann Clark.
“There are still so few Māori in the university, relatively speaking, that we can often feel alone, and yearn for more Māori life.” — Te Kawehau Hoskins, Pro Vice-Chancellor Māori, Auckland University.
“I knew that I’d got into med school with one of the lowest marks in the class, but I finished med school in the top 20 per cent, which I think goes to show that supporting Māori into med school is important.” — Dr Sue Crengle.
“As you get older, you tend to choose your battles. But, back then, we probably jumped in on everything. Then, as we all got kids and mortgages, our responsibilities toned us down a bit.” — Hilda Halkyard-Harawira.
“There were so few Māori or Pacific students. We felt we had the ‘future of the people’ on our shoulders. We stood out — and we were determined to do well.” — Dr David Tipene-Leach on being a medical student in the 1970s.
“There is a history of recognising the particular rights of Māori in this country, but I don't believe giving Māori something necessarily takes anything away from the rest of us.” — Local government minister Kieran McAnulty.
“I think we're at a really interesting period in colonial history in New Zealand, where people are going to have to take stances more and more on what they believe in and where they stand.” — Rob Campbell.
“I want to use my privilege to serve something that’s bigger than me. And I want to use my voice to highlight that some of us have so much, and we don't realise that it's at the expense of other people and communities and also of Papatūānuku.” — Brooke Pao Stanley.
“My dad was pretty disappointed when I told him that I wanted to do media and broadcasting. He thought I’d be an accountant. But he was so proud of me later on.” — Marama T-Pole.
“I’ve been fortunate enough to cook around the world, and in some flash restaurants too. But no one is doing hāngi — even though it’s the oldest dish in Aotearoa, it isn’t available.” — Rewi Spraggon.
“I probably get way more respect from the generations older than me. It's more like my own peers who are saying: ‘Man, do you think you're old enough to be doing this?’” — Far North mayor, Moko Tepania, aged 32.
“We want safe drinking water, reliable stormwater systems and clean beaches. Doing nothing is not an option.” And also: “Why give in to racism?” — Simon Wilson on Three Waters.
“You couldn’t avoid the prejudice. No Māori were allowed upstairs in the theatre. Swimming time for us Māori children was on a Friday when the water was dirty and needed changing.” — Phyllis Bhana.
“Often, people will say ‘Kia ora’ to me now — and it’s particularly lovely for me when kaumātua acknowledge me and people start talking to me in Māori.” — Ariana Tikao on the response to her moko kauae.
“We’d play in a whānau touch tournament every year just after Christmas. And it’s so competitive. Honestly, you have to pretty much trial for our team because there's so many of us and they’re cut-throat as.” — Black Ferns Stacey Fluhler.
“We could become huge, multibillion-dollar organisations, but if no one speaks te reo and there’s no tikanga and no marae, how can we say we've succeeded?” — Tama Potaka.
“It's such a personal story for so many people in these communities who were badly treated by our government for over a century.” — Tearepa Kahi, on the film 'Muru', which we wrote and directed.
“We want it to be normal that Māori success happens because of the policies and procedures that are in place within our universities, not in spite of them.” — Professor Suzanne Pitama.
“Being part of a fight that led to a young, innocent Māori man being exonerated and compensated for the injustice that had happened to him. There could be no greater reward.” — Michael Bennett.
“One thing I've learned through all of my experiences is that fairness is really important. No matter what the rules say, people respond to being treated fairly.” — Adrian Rurawhe, the new Speaker of the House.
“There's only one New Zealand cricket team to play for, and I had to keep my mouth shut, keep my head down and score runs, and hopefully win games of cricket.” — Ross Taylor.
“We do have a society that hasn't grown enough to recognise that we are not a minority, that we are not one of a number of groups, that we have a particular status by virtue of being mana whenua.” — Prue Kapua.
“There was no one discussing it. There was no one feeling bad about it. . . We just had to deal with it on our own as a bad memory. And that's why I wanted to write it.” — Oscar Kightley on the Dawn Raids and the play he wrote about it.
"What we need to do is put our mokopuna, our children first, and at the centre of all our decisions. Only then can we make this a better place for them." — Judge Frances Eivers, Children’s Commissioner.
“I have seen far too much positivity in New Zealand to be pulled down by nameless, faceless critics who want to create a perception that is designed to do nothing else but bring out the worst in people.” — Nanaia Mahuta.
“I learned that the pursuit of excellence includes embracing our own identities, as Pacific women and as Māori women. That we have a place in the law, as ourselves.” — Judge Lope Ginnen on what she learned working in an all-wāhine Māori and Pacific law firm.
“Many people now recognise that Indigenous knowledge offers solutions that will help humanity as a whole. We’re at a point where Indigenous knowledge is marching from the margin to the centre.” — Sione Tu’itahi.
“There are other things in the world more important than rugby. In New Zealand, that might not be true, but, in my world, being around family and friends and enjoying each other’s company is more important.” — Sir Wayne Shelford.
“I simply thought the system could be improved. That was the lesson I learned from my experience as a youth advocate, and I took that idea with me when I joined the bench.” — Chief District Court Judge Heemi Taumaunu.
“The League was really uplifting for us because we got to understand that we weren't alone. We got to hear of other women and how they managed to work through problems.” — Dr Hope Tupara, new president of the Māori Women's Welfare League.
“I definitely respect my opponents, but I don’t think I’m a good loser. I love winning too much to enjoy a loss, although I know that our losses have made us a better team.” — Sarah Hirini, Black Ferns captain.
"If I look back at my childhood, I resented everybody for a long time. But later, you develop a strong sense of affection for your foster families. As an adult, I have nothing but aroha for my foster parents." — Ron Mark.
“We had eight kids and our parents in a four-bedroom house with one bathroom . . . So my floor plans were a way of imagining how we could all live together comfortably." — Dr Charmaine ‘Ilaiū Talei.
“There’s a clear mismatch between what people really need and what’s going out during Covid. Especially for a lot of families that we work with — those who aren’t well connected to health services or a GP clinic.” — Penina Ifopo.
“I'm well if my family is well, and my family is well if I'm well. Also, as a people, we are all well if the land is well.” — Dr Waikaremoana Waitoki, clinical psychologist.
“We run it by Māori, for Māori — but we take everyone with us. And I figured, if we could do that locally, what if we could pull it off nationally?” — Riana Manuel, who heads the new Māori Health Authority.
“If there's anything that has marked the survival of our people and the flourishing of our people, it's that we have been brave.” — Moana Jackson.
"Our ancestors were basically the masters of the isthmus and the masters of the Kaipara, and within six or seven generations, that changed to us being paupers. It has a significant impact." — Ngarimu Blair.
“I was growing up angry at the system, and angry at everyone else for making me poor and brown. And I also had a lot of family responsibilities.” — Ronji Tanielu.
“When a coach shows that he has my back, and when he treats me like family, I'll go out on the field and do anything for him, for the brothers, for the team.” — Ardie Savea.
“One privilege that comes with being senior is that I see my job as creating an environment where discrimination is just not acceptable.” — Margie Apa, chief executive of Health NZ.
"I’ll bring the experience of being a mum into my research, just like my experience of being wahine Māori, of being Tūhoe, of growing up Wairoa." — Dr Sarah-Jane Paine, who leads the 'Growing Up in New Zealand' study.
“Both Māori and Pākehā students . . . see that, to be an effective person in this country in the 21st century, they need to be competent in te ao Māori, te reo, and tikanga Māori.” — Metiria Turei.
“I love that ability to explain things to people. Especially when English is a second language, like it is for me . . . That's been really important in our Covid work." — Dr Api Talemaitoga.
“I’m not a product. And the reason why I'm so anti that is because my tīpuna on my African side were listed as assets, as chattels, on asset registers.” — Teremoana Rapley.
“We have to disrupt. And it’s not just disrupting the government or the United Nations. It’s about disrupting our thinking and disrupting the everyday choices in our households.“ — Qiane Matata-Sipu.
“I do want to encourage Māori and Pasifika writers to not feel as though they have to be an activist voice in a traditional sense — they can be subversive in another genre.” — crime writer JP Pomare.
“I’ve always felt it’s important for us to clearly articulate what the trajectory of justice should look like for our people, and to articulate for ourselves our vision of justice.” — Tina Ngata.
“The dean of the law school, Jack Northey, said: ‘Listen here, Mr Williams. They tell me you’re bit of a rugby player, but as far as law school is concerned, you’re going to have to shape up or ship out.’” — Bryan Williams.
“My first cousins are as close as brothers and sisters, and we still are a loving extended family. It just so happens that I remember changing their nappies.” — Governor-General, Dame Cindy Kiro.
“What I hear from all quarters now is this: ‘We must prioritise children. We must prioritise our mokopuna. And we’re up for that challenge.’” — Andrew Becroft, former Children's Commissioner.
“I would spread the word to anyone. If you ever have trouble with the old fella, you better go and get it checked out.”
“Am I being truthful? Am I being respectful? Am I prepared? And am I responsible? Those are the four things that really guide me.” — Susana Lei’ataua, RNZ Pacific's News Editor.
“Although I was harassed by other kids when I was growing up, today, with the internet, it’s much worse. What we say to people face to face tends to be more moderate.” — Donald Hollingsworth, on growing up takatāpui.
“I most certainly believe there is power and mana in the karakia that were performed. Our Māori spirituality is a big thing. It always has been and it always will be.” — Korohere Ngapo.
"For a long time, we’ve had more of a focus on equality in health, where the approach has been 'one size fits all'. But we know that this doesn’t work for our Pacific and Māori communities. What's needed is an equity focus." — Dr Dianne Sika-Paotonu.
“I lived and worked in 30 countries, going around and around the planet trying to find out where I belonged. And, hey, the answer was right back where I started, where I am now in Te Puna.” — Tommy Wilson.
“You know, anyone’s success belongs to a whole island of people. That’s one thing that Mum taught us. Never forget that your success is dependent on every person connected to you — and who’s helped you.” — Leatuao Larry Tua’i-Lavea.
“I grew up as a young Sāmoan kid watching rugby, and Bryan Williams was my idol. . . . So there we had the first Sāmoan All Black who was also a lawyer, and I thought: ‘Man! That is really something.’” — Judge Mike Mika.
“It's really cool to see the narrative change, with people speaking up about their struggles — sharing all the different shapes and shades of ourselves, and not just talking about the things that are good.” — Sulu Fitzpatrick.
“Instead of Pākehā academics questioning the validity of mātauranga Māori, they ought to take note of how Indigenous researchers with a background in both science and mātauranga Māori conduct their research in a way that’s innovative and entrepreneurial.” — Dr Jonni Koia, molecular biologist.
“I grew up in Porirua. It was a very Polynesian upbringing — Sunday lunches with Nan at her house with taro and chop suey and that sort of thing.” — Monique Fiso.
“Black Power Movement was about us discovering, defining, and becoming conscious of our taha Māori and who we were as Māori — and being able to maintain that in our lives.” — Genesis Te Kuru White.
“My pathway into the Mob wasn’t one of crime. It has always been one of: ‘How do we develop people?’” — Harry Tam.
“We demonise these guys, right? And then we've got reason to hate them. But when they try to do something for themselves, we're going to bash them again anyway. They can't win.” — Harry Tam.
“It’s only recently that we started to talk about ‘the Māori calendar’ — which doesn’t actually make sense. Because there’s over 500 of these calendars." — Rereata Makiha, an expert on maramataka and ancestral knowledge.
“It was just incredible to go back and lift our tūpuna out of the shadows, and to say: ‘These women, they were part of the story. So, let’s raise them up.’” — Amanda Malu, chief executive of Plunket.
“When we can show people how we're all connected, there will be more motivation to stand and fight as a region.” — Dr Emalani Case.
“We have to treat every Pacific student as being precious because they are precious. And we should remember that each student is a connection to an entire community.” — Dr Sereana Naepi.
“Rather than looking towards North America or Europe for inspiration, I took inspiration from Māori and Pacific ideas because that’s what I could relate to.” — Lama Tone.
“Both sides are saying: ‘We want to do it a different way.’ It's just no longer right to say evil nasty Crown, good angel iwi. It's not like that at all.” — Supreme Court judge Sir Joe Williams.
“Moving back to the Coast, I found two things that would become the love of my life outside my family. One was East Coast rugby and the other was Radio Ngāti Porou.” — Bailey Mackey.
"Without the authority to practise kaitiakitanga, it’s all just talk. We need to have mana, but gaining mana isn’t what drives me. Restoring mauri is what drives me.” — Dan Hikuroa.
“It's up to us to keep fighting for our language and ensure its survival. Our language is essential to our identity as Māori.” — Reikura Kahi.
“You’ve got hundreds of years of research and development behind the wharenui that we see today. That doesn’t even take into account the building knowledge that our ancestors brought with them from Polynesia.” — Professor Deidre Brown.
“Even though our Māori asset base is now worth $70 billion, that doesn’t mean anything if our families, who are still the working poor, can’t look after one another.” —Traci Houpapa.
“We weren’t seeing true reflections of ourselves on screen. The reflections we were seeing on screen were nearly always driven by Pākehā. Mostly Pākehā men.” — Briar Grace-Smith.
“When you’re around those whānau and individuals who’ve been broken, at the heart of that brokenness is a lack of belief in how extraordinary we are as a people.” — Dr Ella Henry.
“No one was jealous when we had one-quarter of an acre. No one was jealous when we had the city sewer pipe spewing tiko and baby foetuses and amputated arms and legs right in front of our meeting house.” — Ngarimu Blair.
“Being a short-arse, I got bullied hard by people. So I had to learn how to move, to look after myself.” — Tame Iti.
“We need to acknowledge that this is a partnership that we can move further forward — and that there still needs to be an open-mindedness in government, and in the public at large.” — Claudia Orange.
“We were poor, man. Mum had multiple cleaning jobs, and she always told us kids to do the best jobs we could, no matter what it was. That message has stuck with me throughout my working career.” — Tania Sharkey.
“It won’t mean anything if all it was is that one time we had that brown girl as president. There has to be more.” — Tiana Epati, president of the New Zealand Law Society.
“Dad knew that a better education could mean a better life. So he sent us to Carmel, and he was still paying off our school fees for decades after we'd left school.” — Barbara Edmonds, MP for Mana.
“One of the beauties of this Māori development portfolio is that it’ll give me an opportunity to help shape the future of Māori broadcasting.” — Willie Jackson, Minister of Māori Development.
"The fact of the matter is that tamariki Māori are far worse off than their non-Māori peers, and we know that racism plays a huge part in this.” — Glenis Philip-Barbara, Assistant Māori Commissioner for Children.
"When we had king tides at night, we’d have to put our mattresses on Mum’s bed and wait until the tide went down. And Dad would put the babies, asleep, in the plastic baby bath, and they’d just be floating on the tide."
“When you ask me whether I’m in parliament as a Māori? No, I'm a New Zealander lucky enough to have Māori in my background.” — Winston Peters.
“There's a kōhanga reo, kura kaupapa generation of us coming through who want something different for Māori. And many Pākehā have no issue with that.” — Rawiri Waititi, Māori Party candidate for Waiariki.
“The values we were raised with were to work hard and serve others. So you had to have a job. (Dad made sure I had an IRD number when I was six.)” — Kiri Allan.
“There's been a tendency to judge me by how I sound, how I speak, how I look. I look too Pākehā. I sound too Pākehā.” — Harete Hipango, National MP for Whanganui.
“I think it's right for us not to forget the times in Labour's history when they went with what was popular and lost sight of Labour's values.” — Arena Williams, Labour candidate for Manurewa.
“I arrived in Boston about three months before my family, and I thought: ‘Okay. The best way for me to meet people is to take my guitar and my squash racket.’” — Dr Shane Reti, MP for Whangārei and National's health spokesperson.
“I walk in a couple of worlds at the same time. If I’m in a Pacific situation then I’m obviously a Pacific Islander — and the same applies to the Māori context.” — Teanau Tuiono, Green Party List candidate.
It's important for us to look beyond the "artificial and nonsensical" demarcations imposed by early Europeans and see ourselves "as just one people connected at different levels through the ocean", says Professor Steven Ratuva.
“I never used it as a young fulla. I've tried it a couple of times as an adult. But it didn't do anything super exciting for me — so I don't use it myself.” — Manu Caddie, co-founder of Rua Bioscience, developers of medicinal cannabis.
"I hope that Matariki can become a beacon for us . . . Why should we follow the northern hemisphere and the rest of the western world and celebrate the new year because that’s when they’re celebrating it?" — Professor Rangi Matamua.
“There are Pasifika families who want their daughter to succeed in medicine but she still has to teach Sunday school, cook food for their family, and look after the young ones — and those expectations aren’t realistic.” — Dr Collin Tukuitonga.
“When we say that we're struggling for Black lives, it's not just for Black people, it's for a different framework, a different system, a different future. A future that involves all of us.” — Angela Davis.
"As a GP in Māngere, I soon realised that medicine wasn't the solution I was looking for. These people were coming in with problems that medicine, and my textbooks, couldn't solve.” — Dr Canaan Aumua.
“In my generation, many of us were brought up by our grandparents, especially if you were a mātāmua, or first born, as I was.” — Pou Temara.
“I didn’t come from a legal family. And I didn’t know any lawyers, so it wasn’t as if, by osmosis, I’d taken a bit of that legal stuff on board. I was a blank page.” — New Family Court judge Robyn von Keisenberg.
“When I take the clamps off the vessels and see the shrivelled-up grey kidney become purple and then pink and then pulsate with blood, nothing else I do beats that.” — Dr Lupe Taumoepeau.
“Many Sāmoans living in New Zealand are regularly exposed to the language and culture — but they may only have a superficial understanding of it.” — Lafi Mafaufau
“As a defence lawyer for 32 years and trying all that time to keep people out of prison, it’s going to be tough, eventually, having to send someone to prison.” — New district court judge Denise Wallwork.
“When March 15 happened, one of our reactions was anger because we'd raised the alarm much earlier — and pushed and pushed. And nobody took us seriously.”
“It was just me and my mother. She was a single mum during this time, on the benefit. And she essentially educated me in Māoritanga, and herself at the same time.” — Dr Inia Tomas
“Sometimes we don't appreciate what's right under our noses until we go away from home. Then we tangi weto for our reo. And that's the situation for some of our Aussie whānau.”
“My sister always said I was a natural nosey parker as a kid. She reckons I’m really in the best position to do the work that I do — and that’s asking questions.”
“'Whatever you do, remember, you’ll never be a Pākehā.' Everyone then wanted their children to grow up in a Pākehā way. Speaking English was the norm, the wanted thing."
“She'd say: ‘Ete, you're a Laughing Sāmoan, and if you start telling your story of how you were violent and what you did to overcome that violence, that would be really awesome.’” — Eteuati Ete.
"I saw parallels with an earlier process of gentrification which displaced communities — largely Pasifika — from Ponsonby, St Mary's Bay and Freemans Bay in the late 1970s to 1980s. That displacement has had ongoing ramifications for Pasifika people.”
“I thought: ‘There's nothing stopping me from doing this, is there? If I've got a Bible and a prayer book to help me, then, yep, I can do this.’”
“There’s a lot of ways that Māori design can be woven into a building. But I think the essential thing is that whoever holds mana whenua in that area is engaged in the process."
“Their idea was to send me to school to beat other kids up — and that didn't go down too well with the teachers.”
“Only Māori have Māori insights. There’s still the routine where other cultures think they can build things for us. But that’s a no. Kāhore.” — Hiria Te Rangi, CEO of Whare Hauora.
“This year, there’ll be another 4,000 convictions just for cannabis offences. Forty percent of those will be Māori. So I see decriminalisation and regulation as a way of reducing harm, particularly to Māori.”
“In filmmaking, the essence is collaboration. For something to be really good, there needs to be different perspectives, techniques and skills from lots of different people.”
“There are lots of silly excuses that people offer for why there aren’t more of us published. They say, for instance, that we don’t like to write. We aren’t storytellers. We’re not readers. But that’s ridiculous.”
“You do miss the brothers who've passed on. And you miss the vibe that they all brought to the gigs. You miss their mannerisms. You miss what made them individuals.”
“One of the reasons that many of the more vulnerable whānau turn to third-tier lenders and shop trucks is that they're treated nicely. They have things done for them, and aren’t made to feel stupid.”
“The whole system is set up to fail Māori and to force people to do deals where they may not be 100 percent behind it.”
“Our Māori knowledge is thousands of years old. It ties in every element and aspect of the world — it can teach us a lot about the planet in this age of climate change and environmental sustainability.”
"Your pride in being Māori was always there. There was no great epiphany. No thunderbolt striking. It was how you lived your life."
“There was a really beautiful thing that happened during the filming. We had a change of heart which changed our head.” — Vea Mafile'o on learning to understand her father through the making of 'For My Father's Kingdom'.
“Everybody knows what it's like to be on a first date. Or have rude thoughts. And, as long as you're being honest, it can be funny.” — Kura Forrester, Billy T award winner.
“Look, if you do a deal with us, you can call us in 200 years' time and we'll still be here. Someone will pick up the telephone.”
"I think some of it is well-meaning and paternalistic stuff. But it’s racism nevertheless. So it doesn’t matter whether it’s malicious or accidental or just ignorant racism. It’s still racism. And the outcome is just the same."
“I see moko as a reflection of our society. We’re now at a stage where we can celebrate who we are as Māori people.”
“When I think about the shortage of Pasifika journalists, I'm a bit surprised there aren't more of us, because we're powerful storytellers and we always have been.”—Indira Stewart, host of RNZ's new morning news show First Up.
“Teaching your kids that they need to develop some resilience and strength of character is essential, but it's just as important that they know and feel the love from the people bringing them up.”
The soldiers of the Māori Battalion never envisaged that, for their descendants, the rates of incarceration, ill-health, and unemployment were going to soar when they came back from the war.
“It wasn’t until I went to Westlake Girls’ that I realised I was Māori. In Kaitaia, everybody’s Māori to some extent. Even the Pākehā or the Dallies.”
“I have a lot of faith in this country and in our people to navigate a future which is positive and which is probably different from anywhere else in the world.”
“As Māori, we're unique. I don't think I'm better than anybody else, but I think I'm bloody just as good.”
“The only way Māori and Pacific outcomes are going to improve is if European New Zealand actually confronts its racist heritage and acknowledges that that racism is alive and well."
“It's okay to be a bad writer in your first draft because a lot of the craft of writing is in the rewriting.”
“I always used to think that the work we were doing was adding another brick to the wall — the wall of rangatiratanga.”—Robyn Bargh, founder of Huia Publishers.
“It’s great to have this role, but it won’t mean much if, over the next 20 years, we don’t see anyone else coming through the door and rising up through the ranks.” — Tiana Epati, president-elect of the NZ Law Society.
"We challenge students to think about their own perceptions and prejudices and how these impact on the provision of healthcare."—Associate Professor Fa’afetai Sopoaga, winner of the Prime Minister's Supreme Award for Excellence in Tertiary Teaching.
“It’s so important for me to get Māori kids on the page, which is why my protagonists are always Māori. Because when I was growing up, you just didn’t see yourself.”
“Pacific Islanders do things a bit differently — especially because of their respect for authority or for elders. But you can have respect and still question without challenging offensively.”
“I think the global indigenous cinema needs a global indigenous fund. We need to see the value of our stories, which somebody else takes the profit from.”
“Mana whenua has to do with acknowledging that the land has mana, and fulfilling your obligations and your kinship relationship with the land. That’s what it is — not an ownership or property relationship.”
"I was so lucky to grow up with my 23 cousins. We all liked to joke around. I was used to banter and coming back with one-liners. And being a smartarse."
“If we're not going to use the reo on a regular basis in our homes, as we’re raising our children, we're probably going to miss the main way forward for reo Māori.”
‘I loved listening to Nan’s stories about how, when she was a little girl, she’d sit there with her nanny, who used to smoke a pipe … and read the Pākehā newspaper to her in te reo Māori.”
“I just loved the contact. I’ve always been quite physical. Like in netball I was fairly rough. I loved that game, but there was something special about rugby.”
“I have come to realise that maths belongs in every culture. Yet, kids growing up in New Zealand get taught that there’s only one way of doing maths, and that’s a white way. As I see it, my Cook Islands family were the real mathematicians.”
"It doesn't make sense to be sharing a land with others, if you don't make an effort to learn their stories or their language."
“All of our stories hold wisdom and knowledge. They have determined our behaviours as Māori people. So there’s lots and lots of learning in those stories.”
“We ended up leading the world on this — and it’s all because whānau supported our research, and said: ‘Do this research for us.’”
“People have come in for the haka boogie, and when they stay for a while, we can see them becoming empowered to take on fulfilling roles.”
My mother used to say: “Forgive thine enemies, my son, but write down their names.” You forgive and remember what you've got to do because you can't keep carrying those things forever.
“If I could do anything today, it would be to have the Waitara lands returned to the hapū. For me, it's about self-determination, and seeing hapū rangatiratanga that was guaranteed in Te Tiriti o Waitangi becoming embedded in this country.”
"I like taking the kids back to Waitara and Urenui. Going back home and realising that wi-fi is not the norm ... that Sky television is not normal either. Most of the whānau don't have doors on their bedrooms, let alone wallpaper on the walls. There's a stark contrast that they can see."
“We grew up on our marae at Waipatu and we didn’t know there were Pākehā. We only saw and breathed Māori until Sunday school, or until we had to go to the dentist or the doctor. They were the only Pākehā we saw.”
"I've been through tough times … and it’s made me much better equipped to do the health work that I do now, because I understand, through my own experience, just how tough disabilities and mental health problems can be on families.” - Counties Manukau DHB chair Mark Gosche.
“All you can do is hold on, hold on, and then they break your hold, and they take you away, and you're screaming.”
“The truth is that the Treaty settlements aren't that big. Initially, when the $1 billion fiscal cap for the settlements was announced, I calculated that what was needed was in fact around $100 billion. So Māori are getting a very small contribution.”
Being original and unique is an enormous reason that Black Grace is still here. We don't copy what happens in Europe or anywhere else.
“If you're an MP — and certainly if you're a leader of a party — you should be thinking these things through, and upskilling yourself to make sure you have the maximum cultural competence and a sense of the full breadth of the issues we're dealing with as a country.”
“The media had the general populace believing it was a bunch of Communist radicals running the occupation. That was the picture painted by the National Government led, at the time, by Muldoon.”
My uncle said: “I think you need to put a Pākehā name on your applications.” So Dad used the name McLeod . . . and he very quickly got a job under that name.
“We were constantly finding ourselves among the firsts. It was scary because there wasn't enough work for us — and we had such a little voice in the industry.”
"They say we've got a P problem in the Far North. Well, we do. But the P problem is prisons. It's politics. It's personalities. It's processes. That's the P problem we have here."
“I've met a lot of people in my time, but I've never come across people who are so outwardly, vilely racist.”
“We can help them in a small way to address the current crisis that's going on in their lives, but I know that if we really want to shape a generation of people, we have to address the bigger forces at work.” An interview with South Auckland psychiatrist Dr Siale 'Alo Foliaki.
"The results really are amazing. It’s a mystery to us, actually. But it’s clear that, if you give families the opportunity to determine the right pathway for them, and provide the resources, they’ll do well."
The stories we tell, and the stories that others tell about us, create and shape who we are.
With the red bus we’ve never been more than just passengers. And with the blue bus, all we get to do is clean it.
'We aren't winning the struggle ... Here we are with more Māori in parliament but with the plight of our people worse than it has ever been.'
"People have spent more than enough time degrading our cultures — and we don't need to be part of that anymore."
Vincent O'Malley is a New Zealand historian who, over the last 20 years, has been focusing on how Māori and Pākehā have been getting along. His research has led not just to a PhD from Victoria University but also to articles in scholarly journals, blogs, and a series of influential books.
Graham Henry and Steve Hansen used to say to me: “Where are you going with this, Bert?” And I’d say: “I don’t know. But I know I’m heading in the right direction.”
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Journal: 6 May 1862–10 January 1902
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Journal: 6 May 1862–10 January 1902 - Volume 9
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https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/royal-historical-society-camden-fifth-series/article/abs/journal-6-may-186210-january-1902/173818BE1F8BDA4F3EE52922A175254D
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6 May 1862. 48 Bryanston Sqre. Before commencing this journal I will shortly sketch my life up to this point. I was born Jany. 7, 1826 in Baker Street. My father died of a cold after an illness of only four days in the spring of 1834. I remember little of him except that he was very kind to me, and that he was fond of cricket & shooting. My mother devoted herself to the education of my brother & me, and I can never repay her affection & care. I married my dearest wife on Aug. 16, 1847, having proposed to her after only ten days acquaintance. The question was put at a breakfast at the Duchess of Bedford's at Camden Hill.
18 Writing more than a decade later, Wodehouse's memory failed him with regard to the Finance Committee, which was at first composed of Wodehouse, Simeon and McGeachy. McGeachy appears to have been inactive, leading to Adderley's ‘appointment’ to the committee. Wodehouse was a member of several other committees, however, and was frequently working with Adderley, Molesworth, Hume and Simeon. Together these members formed the active core of the Society. Detailed minutes of the Society's business can be found in NtP 2735. For the founding prospectus of the CRS, see ‘The Society for the Reform of Colonial Government’, 29 Jan. 1850, KP6 MS. eng.c. 3995, ff. 110–11. See too Childe-Pemberton, William S., Life of Lord Norton, 1814–1905: Statesman & Philanthropist (London, 1909), 75–83.Google Scholar
46 Kimberley, always wary of pretension, enjoyed recounting a similar story regarding Prince Metternich. Late in life, as Metternich prepared for an audience with the King of Denmark, he was unable to find the insignia of the Danish Order of the Elephant. According to Kimberley, ‘Metternich ordered [his valet] at once to buy, borrow, or steal another set. This the one valet did, and Metternich, conspiciously adorned with the insignia of the Order, presented himself before the King. He then, to his dismay, found that His Majesty had summoned him for the purpose of presenting him with the Order of the Elephant, that being one of the very few European Orders which had not already received.’ Reminiscences of Lard Kilbracken (London, 1931), 203Google Scholar. See too Kimberley, to Cardwell, , 23 10 1870Google Scholar, CdP 30/48/31, ff. 77–8, 94; JE, 33.Google Scholar
109 The order for the third reading of the Red Sea and India Telegraph bill was discharged and the bill re-committed. Argyll observed that objections to the bill had been made for giving the sanction of parliament to the new, as well as the old, company. Because of this he proposed that the first three lines of the 1st clause be omitted and new lines inserted. Wodehouse and the Earl of Camperdown, Lord Redesdale, Lord Lyveden and Earl Grey, refused to accept this change until the new text was set out in a clear and intelligible form. As a result the bill was resubmitted to a Committee of the whole House. 3 Hansard 167 (19 06 1862), 728–30.Google Scholar
177 Charlotte, wife of Lionel Rothschild, chief manager of the Rothschild banking house in England. After election to parliament in 1847, and repeatedly thereafter, Baron Rothschild had been denied a seat in parliament for refusing to take the oath, but was finally seated in 1858. One of Wodehouse's earliest speeches in the Lords had been in favour of the Oath of Abjuration Bill. 3 Hansard 118 (17 07 1851), 875–7Google Scholar; Liberal by Principle, 25.Google Scholar
184 Petr Vladmirovich Dolgoroukov (1817–68), genealogist and author. Exiled from Russia for publishing The Truth about Russia (1860)Google Scholar. He eventually settled in England, and asked Wodehouse to recommend a bank. Wodehouse suggested Curries & Co., writing to Bertram Currie that though the Russian exile was ‘clever’ and ‘unscrupulous’, he knew of no reason why Currie should not ‘receive his money’. ‘He lived in the highest Russian society in St. Petersburg when I was there.’ 31 March 1863, CP.
274 Henry Negus Burroughes (1791–1872), Cons. MP for Norfolk E., 1837–57, when he retired. On Wodehouse's role in electing a Liberal to replace Burroughes, see KP1 3/2; Liberal by Principle, 11–12Google Scholar. Cf. The Poll for a Knight of the Shire for the Eastern Division of Norfolk … and an account of the Position of the Parties between the Contests of 1831 find 1858 (Norwich, 1858), ix–xxiiGoogle Scholar, where Wodehouse's potential influence in local politics is suspected, but never traced.
345 On 12 Aug. 1864, Delane had observed in The Times (p. 6) that ‘happily now and then a good man’ was not placed ‘so entirely to his liking as to shirk an untried burden’. The position was first offered to, and refused by, the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Bessborough.
348 Palmerston wrote that it had first been offered to Bessborough ‘as an Irishman’, though Wodehouse was the best Englishman, and would at all events possess an advantage over most Irishmen, of being unconnected with Irish land and party politics. Palmerston, to Wodehouse, , 25 09 1864Google Scholar, KP6 MS.eng.c. 4475, ff. 31–2. On Lady Wodehouse's distress, see Wodehouse, Henry to Wodehouse, Anne, 13 10 1864Google Scholar, KP1 15/K2/20.
374 ‘There is no lesson more necessary than this’, Wodehouse observed from experience, ‘that you should not be discouraged, but persevere, and you may be assured that the reward will come at last … some attain distinction early, while others that have risen but slowly, attain that distinction afterwards.’ KP6 MS.eng.b.2408, f. 13.
436 Patrick McDowell (1799–1870), sculptor and member of the Royal Academy from 1846; sculpted the European group of the Albert Memorial. By May 1855 more than £1,000 had been raised to erect the statue in memory of John Charles Henry Fitzgibbon, Lady Wodehouse's brother, who had been slain at the Battle of Balaclava while serving with the 8th Hussars. The monument was badly damaged by an IRA bomb in 1929, and replaced with a bronze group commemorating Republicans who fought in the war of independence, 1916–22.
On the controversy surrounding the original placement of the Fitzgibbon monument, see Lenihan, N., Limerick, its History and Antiquities (Cork, 1866), 513.Google Scholar
465 Having watched the Fenians for months, on 1 Sept. Wodehouse informed Russell that he was ‘quite prepared to run some risk of exceeding the law’ if it were necessary to obtain ‘tangible proofs’ of the treasonable activity he was sure was taking place. On developments leading to the arrests of 15 Sept., see Wodehouse, to Russell, , 1 09 1865Google Scholar, R1P 30/22/28, ff. 269–70; Wodehouse, to Grey, , 3 09 1865Google Scholar, copy, PP GC/GR/2577/encl. 2; Wodehouse, to Grey, , 12 09 1865Google Scholar, copy, PP GC/GR/2578, enc. 1; Wodehouse, to Grey, , 16 09 1865Google Scholar, PP GC/GR/2579, enc. 2; Broin, Leon Ó, Fenian Fever, An Anglo-American Dilemma (New York, 1971), 8–29.Google Scholar
466 Presumably involving the scandal which led to the dissolution of Lady Clare's marriage to Maurice Crosbie Moore in 1825, which enabled her to marry the 3rd Earl of Clare. Wodehouse apparently announced his intention to marry by suggestion to his mother that she would find three ‘insuperable objections to her future daughter-in-law; 1st that her mother had run away; 2nd, that her sister had run away; 3rd, that she was an Irishwoman’. Cited in Stirling, A.M. (ed.), The Letter-Bag of Lady Elizabeth Spencer-Stanhope (2 vols., London, 1913), II, 216–17.Google Scholar
473 According to Delane, Wodehouse believed that the Queen ought to have sent for Gladstone rather than Russell, and that the Liberals ‘ought to have a long banishment from office, and only return when the old batch are fairly out of the way’. Dasent, , Life of Delane, II, 150Google Scholar; cf. entries for 18, 24 Oct. 1865.
485 Wodehouse wrote to his mother that the story originated in ‘a silly mistake of the engine driver who mistook a blow from a fallen telegraph post for a shot’, suggesting the tension which then existed in Dublin. Wodehouse, to Wodehouse, Anne, 9 01 1866Google Scholar, KP1 15/K2/18. On the threat of assassination generally, see Wodehouse, to Currie, Raikes, 23 12 1865Google Scholar, in Liberal by Principle, 108Google Scholar; Kimberley, to Clarendon, , 30 04 1866Google Scholar, C1P, C99.
503 Fortescue felt that he could ‘fairly expect’ Wodehouse to take the handsome and friendly course of waiving his objections. Fortescue to Kimberley, 30 May 1866, KP MS.eng.c.4047, ff. 95–9. On the oddly recurring collision of ambitions between the two, see Wodehouse, to Russell, , 21 11 1865Google Scholar, R1P 30/22/15g, f. 112; Wodehouse, to Clarendon, , 5 11 1865Google Scholar, C1P C99; Wodehouse, to Russell, , 12 12 1865Google Scholar, R1P 30/22/15h, ff. 62–3; Kimberley, to Fortescue, , 1 06 1866Google Scholar, KP6, Ms.eng.4048, ff. 8–9; Dasent, , Life of Delene, II, 161Google Scholar; Extracts, Kimberley memoir, herein; CJ, 153–8Google Scholar; Carlingford Journal, CfP 63688.
521 Or to return correspondence. Apologising to Larcom for his sloth, Kimberley maintained that he was ‘too lazy to do anything but walk about in the open air shooting a stray wild duck or looking after my harvest which is much better fun than looking after Fenians’. 2 Aug. 1866, LcP 7694.
677 Cf. the broad expansion in the JE, where Kimberley suspects that Gladstone's vehemence is ‘greatly due to the fear of losing Bright’ if a vigorous course were taken. ‘I made the best fight I could.’ Kimberley wrote, ‘but it is impossible to get the best of Gladstone in argument. His ingenuity in shifting his ground, and in probing every weak point in his adversary's armour render him almost invincible. Unfortunately he is often led astray by his own subtilty, and thus gives exaggerated weight in council to arguments useful perhaps in debate but more plausible than sound. I have heard that Palmerston one day when he had been sorely tried by Gladstone's dialectics said to a friend ‘you remember that anecdote about Pitt when he was asked what was the first quality of a statesman. He answered “patience”: and the second? patience. & the third? patience. But Pitt did not know Gladstone!’
767 Mary Livingston King, of Sandhills, Georgia. In writing prior to the marriage, her father thanked Kimberley for the ‘ready’ confidence with which you welcome an alliance between our families, and promised £400–500 per annum and an inheritance of not less than £10,000. ‘You are aware,’ King added, ‘that our disastrous Civil War left us only the wreck of fortunes once possessed.’ KP6 MS. eng. C. 4470, f. 57. Cf. Henry Wodehouse's letter to his mother saying ‘I am very much in love with a young lady. She has not much money and no particular connection in the way of family.’ 24 April 1872, KP/15/K2/20.
770 Amendment introduced by the Duke of Richmond on 17 June 1872 to allow the voter, if he wished, to mark his ballot paper before the officials in the polling station. On 28 June the Commons rejected the optional ballot amendment. Gladstone learned on 3 July that Richmond intended to persevere with his amendment in the Lords.
869 The Conservatives failed to pass a Judicature bill in 1874, revising Selborne's Judicature Act of 1873, for lack of parliamentary time. In March 1875 Derby noted that nearly all the Conservative peers and half of the Whigs opposed Cairns' Judicature bill and at a cabinet on 6 March 1875 it was decided to drop the measure. DD2, 197–8Google Scholar. On 9 April 1875 a second Judicature bill was introduced which eventually passed.
873 Lord Carnarvon, Disraeli's Colonial Secretary, was pursuing a policy of removing control of native affairs from the settlers in Natal. This was intended to allow the natives to be handled with greater justice, but equally the policy was guaranteed to create disaffection within the colony. Derby thought that although Carnarvon's plans were well meant they did not allow for the strength of colonial opposition. DD2, 207.Google Scholar
883 Count Julius Andrassy was Austrian foreign minister. The Andrassy Note, 30 December 1875, called on Turkey to concede reforms to their subject Serbs so as to avoid a Russian aggression and diplomatic intervention by other European powers. Although Derby, as foreign minister, thought the Note moderate in tone Disraeli instinctively disliked Britain being seen as only a secondary party in the settling of the vexed Eastern Question and favoured an independent British initiative. The Andrassy Note was accepted by Turkey on 3 February 1875. In November 1875 the Conservative cabinet agreed to attempt to buy the majority shares in the Suez Canal being sold by the Khedive rather than let them be acquired by a French company. The £4 million for the purchase was provided by Rothschild.
890 During April 1876 Turkey began a vicious repression of insurrection in Bulgaria. In May 1876 Disraeli's government rejected the Berlin Memorandum outlining Bismarck's plan for pacification in the Balkans. In June Serbia and Montenegro declared war on Turkey. By early July Derby was urging Disraeli to use moderate language, without sensation and swagger, so as to avoid government policy being seen as too pro-Turkish. It was Forster, rather than Gladstone, who was urging Harrington to attack the government over reports of Turkish atrocities against Bulgarian Christians in the Spectator in early June. Not until late July did Gladstone become deeply disturbed over continuing reports of atrocity. See Shannon, R., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876 (London, 1963), 93–5.Google Scholar
897 On 27 April 1877 Gladstone indicated his intention to move five resolutions in the Commons on 7 May declaring the Turkish government to have lost any claim to moral or material support; calling for the British government to seek local liberty and self-government in the disturbed provinces in concert with other European powers: and demanding such changes in the provinces as necessary for humanity and justice. Gladstone described his decision as ‘a severe one, in face of not having a single approver in the Upper official circle’. Gladstone Diaries, IX, 214.Google Scholar
901 On 31 May 1877; at Joseph Chamberlain's invitation, Gladstone spoke in Birmingham at the inaugural meeting of the National Liberal Federation. In his diary Gladstone noted he was given ‘a triumphal reception’ and spoke to ‘a most intelligent orderly appreciative audience’ of 25,000 in the Bingley Hall. Gladstone Diaries, IX, 223Google Scholar. Gladstone commended party organisation, counselled greater unity of action, and ‘went off in my accustomed strain about the Eastern question’. Gladstone to Granville, 1 June 1877 in Gladstone-Granville Corresp. 2, I, 43.Google Scholar
906 The government proposed a vote of credit for increased military expenditure. On learning of Gladstone's intention to oppose the vote of credit Granville responded that Hartington and others would ‘have reason to be surprised, if you now take the lead, and without further consultation, do that which you proved to them to be inexpedient’. Granville to Gladstone, 28 June 1877 in Gladstone-Granville Corresp. 2, I, 47Google Scholar. In the event votes of credit passed on 2 July 1877.
920 Harrington was initially cautious about attacking the government over the war in Afghanistan. Gladstone and many radicals, meanwhile, fiercely denounced government policy. A split, similar to that over the Bulgarian question, threatened. This was averted when in the Commons debate Hartington attacked the government with far greater force than anticipated. See Jenkins, , Gladstone, Whiggery and the Liberal Party, 82.Google Scholar
928 The debate over flogging in the army had, in early July, brought on an attack on Harrington by Chamberlain for lack of vigour in the practice. The immediate effect of Chamberlain's attack, however, was to prompt Liberals to rally round Harrington. Moreover, once it became clear that the government were not prepared to accept a compromise resolution of the issue, flogging being confined to those offences otherwise punishable by death, Harrington himself moved an amendment to abolish flogging: the ‘volte face’ referred to by Kimberley. Again, note Harcourt's prominence as an intermediary. See Jenkins, , Gladstone, Whiggery and the Liberal Party, 94–5.Google Scholar
944 Following Gladstone's return to power the Boers had expected the annexation of 1877 to be reversed, as Gladstone had indicated in his election speeches. When this did not occur the Boers, led by the formidable President Kruger, rebelled and in December 1880 inflicted a quick defeat on the Connaught Rangers. For full details on British policy surrounding the war and its settlement, see Schreuder, Gladstone and Kruger, 60–224.Google Scholar
1002 Gladstone's verdict on the cabinet was ‘very good’. The first item of business was Madagascar and the issue of compensation for the British missionary G.A. Shaw arrested there by the French. The reduction of troops in Egypt to 3,000 men was agreed in cabinet. C.P. Ilbert's Criminal Procedure Amendment bill allowed certain Indians jurisdiction over Europeans. Ripon proposed a compromise bill, which was passed in January 1884. A preliminary discussion of franchise reform also undertaken, the overall feeling of the cabinet in favour of dealing with the question. Gladstone Diaries, XI, 48Google Scholar. On the ‘Ilbert Bill’, see Liberal by Principle, 161–8.Google Scholar
1015 On 18 Jan. 1889, Genl. Charles George Gordon (1833–85), who previously had served in the Sudan, 1873–6, 1877–80, was sent to relieve Egyptian garrisons in the Sudan, leading to widespread debate over the probity of sending English soldiers into territories being threatened by Islamic fundamentalists under the Mahdi. The voting was 303 against and 275 for the motion of censure. Gladstone noted the prolonged cheering from the Liberal backbenches with which the result of the division was received. Gladstone Diaries, XI, 144.Google Scholar
1035 In July 1883, Arthur William Cairns, Viscount Garmoyle, proposed to Emily May Finney, actress and daughter of a coal merchant. In order to please the Cairns family, she gave up the stage, but within six mondis, Garmoyle stopped all communications, leading Finney to sue for breach of promise. See The Times, 21 11 1884, pp. 4, 9, 12Google Scholar; Stedman, J., ‘“Come, Substantial Damages!”’, in Victorian Scandals: Representations of Gender and Class, ed. Garrigan, K. (Athens, OH, 1992), 69–91.Google Scholar
1056 On 21 May 1885 Gladstone circulated a minute to cabinet colleagues laying out the circumstances under which a Land Purchase bill for Ireland might be introduced and explaining the misapprehension that had arisen between Chamberlain, Dilke and himself. Dilke and Chamberlain had indicated their surprise and objection to the modifications required by Spencer's earlier opposition to the measure. Gladstone also noted that Kimberley had seemed surprised by the change to the measure. Gladstone Diaries, XI, 343–4.Google Scholar
1059 At cabinet meetings on 5 and 8 June 1885 deep disagreement about an Irish Crimes bill had emerged, with reports of wider differences within the parliamentary party over the issue also being received. On 7 June 1885 Gladstone noted ‘a formidable division in the party (quite apart from the cabinet) is to be anticipated; and such a division can only end in one way’. Gladstone Diaries, XI, 353.Google Scholar
1091 At this meeting it was decided that the future Irish contribution to imperial expenditure should be fixed at one fourteenth. A contentious issue was whether control of the Customs should be handed over to the Irish, Gladstone being firmly in favour of doing so. Sir Edward Hamilton noted: ‘Harcourt was not in an amiable mood. He was bent on fault finding and holepicking; taunted Mr G. with converting Ireland into a colony “pur et simple”.’ EHJ3, 32.Google Scholar
1126 For a printed statement of Kimberley's reasons for resignation, complete with marginalia, see KP 6 MS.eng.c.4466, item 16. Kimberley nevertheless remained member of the Senate, to which he was appointed in 1859, and eventually served as Chancellor of the University of London, 1899–1902. See also Allchin, W.H., An Account of the Reconstruction of the University of London, Part I (London, 1905), 176–80.Google Scholar
1180 Since October 1889, the government had signed a commercial convention with Egypt; agreed with Germany, France, and Portugal to the General Act of the Brussels Conference establishing guidelines for abolition of the interior slave trade and for regulating trade; and reached separate agreements with Zanzibar, Germany, and France resolving a variety of boundary and sovereignty disputes.
1214 Clement Higgins (1844–1916), Lib. MP for mid-Norfolk, 1892 until March 1895, when he declared himself a Liberal Unionist. The Council of the Mid-Norfolk Central Liberal Assoc. agreed to thank him for past services and invite him to sit until the next general election. On negotiations to avoid a by-election, see letters of Jan. and Feb. 1895 from John Wodehouse to Kimberley, KP 1 3/2.
1228 Gladstone recorded in his diary after this meeting: ‘I am sorry to record that Harcourt has used me in such a way since my return to town that the addition of another Harcourt would have gone far to make my task impossible.’ Gladstone Diaries, XIII, 58.Google Scholar
1229 During 1892 the Imperial British East Africa Company which had been trading in Uganda and encouraging missionary activity indicated it was going to evacuate the region. Pressure arose to formally annex Uganda so as to honour the Company's commercial, religious and humanitarian commitments. The cabinet became deeply divided over the issue, Rosebery arguing hard for annexation, Gladstone and Harcourt being strongly opposed. At the 29 September 1892 cabinet meeting a compromise was agreed whereby the government supported the Company in Uganda for a short period, evacuation being postponed. Stansky, Peter, Ambitions and Strategies: The Struggle for the Leadership of the Liberal Party in the 1890s (Oxford, 1964), 5–12Google Scholar. On Kimberley's position, see his memorandum of 21 Sept. 1892, in Liberal by Principle, 203–4.Google Scholar
1246 In August 1892 Kimberley received from the Indian government a despatch arguing for the adoption of bimetallism or the introduction of a gold standard for the Indian currency. Kimberley disliked bimetallism, but was willing to consider the proposal for a gold standard.
1255 Owen Tudor Burne (1837–1908), maj.-genl.; priv. sec. to Lord Mayo, 1863–72, to Lord Lytton, 1876–8; head of pol. and secret dept., India Office, 1874. ‘Under Lord Kimberley's regime’, he wrote, ‘matters worked very smoothly with us. … He was very particular as to phrases in despatch-writing … keeping me, for one, up to late hours in the evening in attendance at the office. Both now and in after-years I got to like him very much, Memories (London, 1907), 262–3.Google Scholar
1275 Kimberley had succinctly stated his opinion on the immorality of the repeal movement in his letter to Lansdowne at 17 June 1893. See Liberal by Principle, 209–10Google Scholar. On the longstanding dispute between Kimberley and Stansfeld, see Hammond, J.L. and Hammond, B., James Stansfeld: A Victorian Champion of Sex Equality (London, 1932)Google Scholar; Stansfeld, James, Lord Kimberley's Defence of the Government Brothel System at Hong Kong (London, 1882).Google Scholar
1279 Gladstone noted in his diary: ‘I believe it was expected that I should say something. But from my point of view there is nothing to be said.’ Gladstone Diaries, XIII, 378Google Scholar. Colleagues anticipated Gladstone making an announcement about his retirement.
1280 See Morley's account in Gladstone Diaries, XIII, 439–40Google Scholar. Kimberley spoke first on behalf of the cabinet and when he left the room had tears rolling down his cheeks. John Morley noted in his journal: ‘Kimberley cleared his throat, amid profound stillness, and began his words of farewell. But almost in an instant the [brave] honest fellow's voice gave way, and he could not get on. However, he bravely forced out a few broken sentences — [and] with many tears — and good honest sentences they were. [The sight of] such simple and unaffected emotion was as manly as could be, and touched everyone of us to the core.’ Morley diary, 1 March 1894, in Gladstone Diaries, XIII, 439.Google Scholar
1282 Cautiously supporting Home Rule, but suggesting ‘that before [it] is conceded by the Imperial Parliament England, as the predominant member of the partnership of the three Kingdoms, will have to be convinced of its justice and equity.’ For a full discussion see Stansky, Ambitions ana Strategtes, 100–4.Google Scholar
1284 Labouchere moved an amendment to the Address deploring the powers of the House of Lords, clearly intended as a vote of censure on Rosebery. Labouchere harboured a deep grudge against Rosebery for refusing him the Ambassadorship at Washington in 1892. Labouchere's amendment passed by 147 to 145 votes. See EHJ2, 122–3.Google Scholar
1288 Kimberley and Rosebery were engaged in secret negotiations with Belgium over the ‘sphere of influence’ in the Upper Nile. On 28 March 1894 Kimberley informed Harcourt of these negotiations by letter. On 12 April 1894 Kimberley and King Leopold's representatives secretly signed a treaty in London. When Kimberley sent Harcourt a copy of the treaty on 21 April Harcourt was enraged. At the 23 April cabinet meeting Harcourt abused Kimberley for keeping the treaty secret. Most of the cabinet seemed to side with Harcourt.
1292 During June 1894 both Germany and France attacked the terms of the Anglo-Belgian treaty. Amendments were made to satisfy Germany, but discussions with France remained difficult. Morley thought the matter had been ‘grossly mismanaged’. Garvin, J. and Amery, J., The Life of Joseph Chamberlain (6 vols., London, 1932–1969), II, 598Google Scholar. For fuller accounts of the debacle, see Martel, , Imperial Diplomacy, 203–15Google Scholar; Sanderson, G.N., England, Europe and the Upper Nile 1882–1899 (Edinburgh, 1965)Google Scholar, chs. 8 and 9.
1302 Rosebery, in looking back, observed that Kimberley's ‘was rather the old fashioned view of ministerial responsibility’. Kimberley Memoir, 503, herein. On the other hand, Rosebery was being criticised in the press for having moved ‘too precipitately’. EHJ2, 178Google Scholar. For an excellent assessment of British policy, see Neilson, Keith, Britain and the Last Tsar: British Polity and Russia, 1894–1917 (Oxford, 1995), 147–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1308 In speaking on Chamberlain's amendment to the Address on 15 February 1895 Labouchere commented on the disadvantage of having a peer as the head of a radical party. On 18 February, as the debate continued, Dilke made similar observations and declared that the old Whig element remained too influential in the Liberal party. In closing the debate Harcourt did not try to defend Rosebery against Labouchere's and Duke's attacks. Rosebery later claimed that his threat of resignation was a ruse intended to frighten his colleagues and bring the party into line. See Memoir, Kimberley, 504Google Scholar, note 45, herein.
1325 The opposition motion indicating disapproval of Campbell-Bannerman passed by 132 to 125 votes. The government whips were caught unawares, the Liberal Unionists making great efforts to ensure a strong showing in the division lobby against the ministry. Harcourt immediately informed Rosebery: ‘It is a chance blow but in my opinion a fatal one.’ Gardiner, , Harcourt, II, 363Google Scholar. See also EHJ3, 302Google Scholar
1332 Gurdon had defeated the Gladstonian Lib. Frederick W. Wilson (1844–1924) in the April by-election by 208 votes, but lost in the general election by 134, thus confirming Wodehouse's intelligence that the Tories would likely gain some 400 votes in a by-election. See John Wodehouse to Kimberley, 8 Feb. 1895, KP1 3/2.
1339 The bill was intended to make the terms of purchase of their holdings more attractive to tenants. The former Conservative Lord Lieutenant for Ireland Lord Londonderry led a rebellion against the measure in the Lords. Only Arthur Balfour's strenuous efforts and diplomacy kept the bill alive. It appeared that many Conservative MPs agreed with the obstructionist peers.
1379 In November 1897 the Germans seized Kiochow and the following month the Russians occupied Port Arthur. Because of Salisbury's illness Balfour was in charge of the Foreign Office and faced the choice of insisting that the British receive territorial compensation in China (thereby condoning the Russian and German annexations), or risking war by insisting that Russia withdraw. In April 1898 it was decided that Britain should ‘lease’ the port of Wei-ha-wei.
1393 The Executive Committee of the Home Counties Liberal Association passed two resolutions, the first of 7 Nov. 1898 calling for early settlement of the leadership question; the second of 23 Nov., asking Kimberley ‘to consider and advise’ the Executive Committee regarding the first resolution. On 25 Nov. Kimberley declined an interview with the committee, though acknowledging ‘the feelings of the younger members’ as expressed in the resolutions. Harcourt recognized the favourable intent, but observed ‘a great deal of underhand machination’ at work. Liberal by Principle, 256–8Google Scholar; Armine Wodehouse to Kimberley, 27 Nov. 1898, KP2, 10249, ff. 38–9; Kimberley to Harcourt, 28 Nov. 1898, HP 53, ff. 32–3.
1415 In Dec. 1894 Alfred Dreyfus, a French military officer, was found guilty of spying and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. In 1896 documents were found supporting Dreyfus's plea of innocence. Military stonewalling led to the involvement of many prominent French citizens, including Émile Zola, who helped in securing a new trial in 1899. Anti-Jewish sentiment in the military produced another conviction, though the trial was generally considered a mockery of justice and Dreyfus was pardoned by the French president.
1446 Saying that he would not return to party politics, but arguing that the ‘great Liberal force in the country’ must ‘make up its mind about the war.’ For the circumstances of this and his speech of 19 July 1901 at the City Liberal Club, see James, Rhodes, Rosebey, 425.Google Scholar
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
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Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
John Hawley Glover’s father had planned that his son would enter the Royal Engineers but instead, with the help of his mother, the daughter of an admiral, he joined the Royal Navy on 4 Dec. 1841 as a first class volunteer serving under Admiral Sir Edward Campbell Rich Owen. Glover’s prospects were bright, but the sudden death of his mother and his estrangement from his father when the latter quickly remarried deprived him of the essential financial means to further his career. Withdrawal from naval service was, however, avoided when Owen encouraged Glover to enter the Surveying Branch; he joined it in May 1842 and with his pay was able to support his own advancement. Until 1852 he served on surveying ships in the Mediterranean and along the west coast of Africa. In 1853 Glover took part in the war in Burma and was mentioned twice in dispatches. After his recovery from a wound received in Burma, surveying duties took him to the Baltic and to the Elbe and Weser rivers until March 1857 when he was sent with the Niger expedition to survey the lagoons at Lagos and a portion of the Niger River. His career at sea ended in 1862 with the completion of this tour and with his advancement to the rank of commander at the age of 33. He was later placed on the retired list, and in 1877 promoted captain.
On 21 April 1863, Glover was appointed administrator of Lagos; in 1864 he became colonial secretary of the colony, and in 1866 he again assumed the duties of administrator until 9 July 1872. In his second term as administrator he was actively involved in suppressing marauding Ashantis, and in 1873 he volunteered to serve against the Ashantis when war appeared imminent. His instructions were to raise a native force with which to act at his discretion under the leadership of Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley*; with Hausa tribesmen he accompanied the main force proceeding into the Ashanti country, and showed skill in raids and movement of military supplies. He was largely responsible for the peace reached on 14 Feb. 1874 and received the thanks of the British parliament and a gcmg for this service. His actions were long remembered by the Hausas.
Glover was offered the post of governor of Newfoundland on Christmas Eve 1875 and he arrived there on 7 April 1876. The colony, he found, had matured considerably since the rowdy days following the opening of the first legislature in 1833 under Governor Thomas John Cochrane*. The Liberal premiers Glover worked with during his terms in office, 1876–81 and 1883–85, Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter* and William Vallance Whiteway* respectively, were both talented men and prominent lawyers, who ably guided Glover in his administration of the colony. During Glover’s first term, Carter and particularly Whiteway sought to diminish external influence over the colony’s affairs and policies.
The French government was aware that its hold on the west coast, also called the French shore, depended upon the restriction of private and commercial settlement and complained to the British government at every attempt by Newfoundland to place settlers on it. Nevertheless, by the time Glover left Newfoundland in 1881, the colony had made significant progress towards control of the west coast. In 1877 Commander William Howorth became the first magistrate on the west coast appointed by Newfoundland and customs officers began collecting dues for use by the colony. The area gained representation in the assembly in 1881 and France conceded the right “in principle” for the Newfoundland government to make land grants for settlement, mining, and industrial enterprises in the same year. These changes were representative of the substantial easing of British control over the colony. The greatest threat to French ambitions was the Railway Act of 1880 which provided for the construction of a line to run from St John’s to Halls Bay, a mining region in Notre Dame Bay. This railway would connect the centres of population, open land in the valleys of the Gambo, Gander, and Exploits rivers, and facilitate lumbering and mining operations in the interior. The government hoped to continue the line all the way down the west coast to Port aux Basques where it would connect by ferry with the mainland railway system, but after complaints to Britain from the French government, the imperial government forced the colony to accept the shorter line to Halls Baet for the colony, overly dependent upon the fishery, the diversification promised by the completion of the Longer railway was too strong a need to be denied forever.
Glover, at first unaccustomed to the complexities of responsible government, soon adopted a policy of following the advice of his ministers in colonial matters while trying to prevent a serious breach with the home government which had the responsibility for fishery treaties with France. The Newfoundlanders’ success with the French shore problem eased the political atmosphere in the colony, and made the positions of the governor, British naval personnel, and officers on the treaty coast less onerous. The governor’s role of liaison between the colony and the home government was also aided in 1878 by the satisfied feeling in Newfoundland following the negotiation by Whiteway of an award from the Halifax Commission: Newfoundland received $1 million as its share of funds paid by the United States to Great Britain as compensation for advantages gained in the Atlantic fisheries through the Treaty of Washington in 1871.
Glover was happiest when travelling throughout the island with his wife. Together they visited fishermen’s homes, inspected working establishments, ventured down mines, and holidayed in popular resorts and remote outports. Glover was the first governor to cross a large part of the island when in 1878 he went on a two-month trip between Halls Bay and the Bay of Islands accompanied by the famous geologist, Alexander Murray, and, for part of the way, by Moses Harvey*, a clergyman and historian who published Across Newfoundland with the governor the following year. Glover thus knew more about the people and the personalities of the colony than many of the government ministers. When he opened the legislature in 1879 he could say with conviction that he had been impressed with the agricultural resources and forest lands in the western part of the island which would attract settlers; it afforded “such facilities for the construction of a main highway that this great work might be accomplished at a very modest cost.” The speech was a mixture of truth and exaggeration, which presaged the railway age of Newfoundland.
On a visit to England during the London season of 1881, Glover accepted the governorship of the Leeward Islands and was instructed to travel there quickly because of urgent problems. Sir Henry Berkeley Fitz-Hardinge Maxse succeeded him in the autumn of 1881. The Glovers were not reluctant to leave Newfoundland; they were equally content to depart from the Caribbean in 1883. Sir John contracted malaria in Antigua, and while waiting for a better posting, rested in Germany, Ireland, and England. Maxse, who had arrived in Newfoundland in poor health, died in September 1883 and the colony was without a governor at a time when negotiations with France over fishery treaty rights were taking place. The Colonial Office persuaded Glover to take up the governorship) again for a short term. Before going to St John’s, he went to Paris to participate in the treaty talks, acting in an advisory capacity to the British ambassador. This visit enabled him to nurse his health further and when the negotiations were over Glover took a holiday in Sussex. He received an urgent message in late May 1884 from Premier Carter asking him to come to Newfoundland immediately to deal with colonial matters so that Carter could fulfil his obligations as chief justice and preside at the trials of Roman Catholics charged with the murder of several Protestants during riots at Harbour Grace in 1883. Despite the religious tension in the colony, Glover was well received when he arrived in June accompanied by two Colonial Office officials who were sent to persuade the government of Newfoundland to accept the terms of the recent Paris negotiations.
Glover stayed in Newfoundland long enough to see the latest French shore terms rejected by the colony and the completion of the railway to Harbour Grace, the second largest community on the island. In late 1884 he and Lady Glover opened the new graving docks in the St John’s harbour. Glover, however, had not fully recovered his health and he collapsed on 2 March 1885. Rest cures in Topsail, Nfld, and in Homberg (Federal Republic of Germany) did not help him and he died at his home in London on 30 Sept. 1885. A monument was later raised to his memory in St Paul’s Cathedral, London, with a replica in the Anglican Cathedral of St John the Baptist in St John’s, completed during Glover’s second term.
In her private diary Glover’s wife has provided considerable background detail to his career of a kind not normally included in political histories. She considered the proper role of her husband as paterfamilias to backward and primitive colonies, a view which was condescending but not without truth. However, in Daniel Woodley Prowse*’s judgement, “No more honourable, generous, kind hearted, or active ruler ever presided over our government.”
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Dokumen - Pub Place Names of Atlantic Canada 9781442678507
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Dokumen.pub Place Names of Atlantic Canada 9781442678507 - Free ebook download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. This book provides an overview of the origins and meanings of over 2,000 place names in Atlantic Canada. It traces how names were given by early Norse, Indigenous, and Inuit settlers, and later European settlers from France, Britain, Portugal, and elsewhere. The names reveal insights into the region's history and cultures over the past millennium. The book examines names by province based on their historical significance, importance as population centers, or names that provoke questions about their origins. It is the first volume to take a comprehensive regional approach to place names in Atlantic Canada.
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https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?563ccbe80?v=5
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https://www.scribd.com/document/698217968/Dokumen-pub-Place-Names-of-Atlantic-Canada-9781442678507
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http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/glover_john_hawley_11E.html
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
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Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/glover_john_hawley_11E.html
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
John Hawley Glover’s father had planned that his son would enter the Royal Engineers but instead, with the help of his mother, the daughter of an admiral, he joined the Royal Navy on 4 Dec. 1841 as a first class volunteer serving under Admiral Sir Edward Campbell Rich Owen. Glover’s prospects were bright, but the sudden death of his mother and his estrangement from his father when the latter quickly remarried deprived him of the essential financial means to further his career. Withdrawal from naval service was, however, avoided when Owen encouraged Glover to enter the Surveying Branch; he joined it in May 1842 and with his pay was able to support his own advancement. Until 1852 he served on surveying ships in the Mediterranean and along the west coast of Africa. In 1853 Glover took part in the war in Burma and was mentioned twice in dispatches. After his recovery from a wound received in Burma, surveying duties took him to the Baltic and to the Elbe and Weser rivers until March 1857 when he was sent with the Niger expedition to survey the lagoons at Lagos and a portion of the Niger River. His career at sea ended in 1862 with the completion of this tour and with his advancement to the rank of commander at the age of 33. He was later placed on the retired list, and in 1877 promoted captain.
On 21 April 1863, Glover was appointed administrator of Lagos; in 1864 he became colonial secretary of the colony, and in 1866 he again assumed the duties of administrator until 9 July 1872. In his second term as administrator he was actively involved in suppressing marauding Ashantis, and in 1873 he volunteered to serve against the Ashantis when war appeared imminent. His instructions were to raise a native force with which to act at his discretion under the leadership of Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley*; with Hausa tribesmen he accompanied the main force proceeding into the Ashanti country, and showed skill in raids and movement of military supplies. He was largely responsible for the peace reached on 14 Feb. 1874 and received the thanks of the British parliament and a gcmg for this service. His actions were long remembered by the Hausas.
Glover was offered the post of governor of Newfoundland on Christmas Eve 1875 and he arrived there on 7 April 1876. The colony, he found, had matured considerably since the rowdy days following the opening of the first legislature in 1833 under Governor Thomas John Cochrane*. The Liberal premiers Glover worked with during his terms in office, 1876–81 and 1883–85, Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter* and William Vallance Whiteway* respectively, were both talented men and prominent lawyers, who ably guided Glover in his administration of the colony. During Glover’s first term, Carter and particularly Whiteway sought to diminish external influence over the colony’s affairs and policies.
The French government was aware that its hold on the west coast, also called the French shore, depended upon the restriction of private and commercial settlement and complained to the British government at every attempt by Newfoundland to place settlers on it. Nevertheless, by the time Glover left Newfoundland in 1881, the colony had made significant progress towards control of the west coast. In 1877 Commander William Howorth became the first magistrate on the west coast appointed by Newfoundland and customs officers began collecting dues for use by the colony. The area gained representation in the assembly in 1881 and France conceded the right “in principle” for the Newfoundland government to make land grants for settlement, mining, and industrial enterprises in the same year. These changes were representative of the substantial easing of British control over the colony. The greatest threat to French ambitions was the Railway Act of 1880 which provided for the construction of a line to run from St John’s to Halls Bay, a mining region in Notre Dame Bay. This railway would connect the centres of population, open land in the valleys of the Gambo, Gander, and Exploits rivers, and facilitate lumbering and mining operations in the interior. The government hoped to continue the line all the way down the west coast to Port aux Basques where it would connect by ferry with the mainland railway system, but after complaints to Britain from the French government, the imperial government forced the colony to accept the shorter line to Halls Baet for the colony, overly dependent upon the fishery, the diversification promised by the completion of the Longer railway was too strong a need to be denied forever.
Glover, at first unaccustomed to the complexities of responsible government, soon adopted a policy of following the advice of his ministers in colonial matters while trying to prevent a serious breach with the home government which had the responsibility for fishery treaties with France. The Newfoundlanders’ success with the French shore problem eased the political atmosphere in the colony, and made the positions of the governor, British naval personnel, and officers on the treaty coast less onerous. The governor’s role of liaison between the colony and the home government was also aided in 1878 by the satisfied feeling in Newfoundland following the negotiation by Whiteway of an award from the Halifax Commission: Newfoundland received $1 million as its share of funds paid by the United States to Great Britain as compensation for advantages gained in the Atlantic fisheries through the Treaty of Washington in 1871.
Glover was happiest when travelling throughout the island with his wife. Together they visited fishermen’s homes, inspected working establishments, ventured down mines, and holidayed in popular resorts and remote outports. Glover was the first governor to cross a large part of the island when in 1878 he went on a two-month trip between Halls Bay and the Bay of Islands accompanied by the famous geologist, Alexander Murray, and, for part of the way, by Moses Harvey*, a clergyman and historian who published Across Newfoundland with the governor the following year. Glover thus knew more about the people and the personalities of the colony than many of the government ministers. When he opened the legislature in 1879 he could say with conviction that he had been impressed with the agricultural resources and forest lands in the western part of the island which would attract settlers; it afforded “such facilities for the construction of a main highway that this great work might be accomplished at a very modest cost.” The speech was a mixture of truth and exaggeration, which presaged the railway age of Newfoundland.
On a visit to England during the London season of 1881, Glover accepted the governorship of the Leeward Islands and was instructed to travel there quickly because of urgent problems. Sir Henry Berkeley Fitz-Hardinge Maxse succeeded him in the autumn of 1881. The Glovers were not reluctant to leave Newfoundland; they were equally content to depart from the Caribbean in 1883. Sir John contracted malaria in Antigua, and while waiting for a better posting, rested in Germany, Ireland, and England. Maxse, who had arrived in Newfoundland in poor health, died in September 1883 and the colony was without a governor at a time when negotiations with France over fishery treaty rights were taking place. The Colonial Office persuaded Glover to take up the governorship) again for a short term. Before going to St John’s, he went to Paris to participate in the treaty talks, acting in an advisory capacity to the British ambassador. This visit enabled him to nurse his health further and when the negotiations were over Glover took a holiday in Sussex. He received an urgent message in late May 1884 from Premier Carter asking him to come to Newfoundland immediately to deal with colonial matters so that Carter could fulfil his obligations as chief justice and preside at the trials of Roman Catholics charged with the murder of several Protestants during riots at Harbour Grace in 1883. Despite the religious tension in the colony, Glover was well received when he arrived in June accompanied by two Colonial Office officials who were sent to persuade the government of Newfoundland to accept the terms of the recent Paris negotiations.
Glover stayed in Newfoundland long enough to see the latest French shore terms rejected by the colony and the completion of the railway to Harbour Grace, the second largest community on the island. In late 1884 he and Lady Glover opened the new graving docks in the St John’s harbour. Glover, however, had not fully recovered his health and he collapsed on 2 March 1885. Rest cures in Topsail, Nfld, and in Homberg (Federal Republic of Germany) did not help him and he died at his home in London on 30 Sept. 1885. A monument was later raised to his memory in St Paul’s Cathedral, London, with a replica in the Anglican Cathedral of St John the Baptist in St John’s, completed during Glover’s second term.
In her private diary Glover’s wife has provided considerable background detail to his career of a kind not normally included in political histories. She considered the proper role of her husband as paterfamilias to backward and primitive colonies, a view which was condescending but not without truth. However, in Daniel Woodley Prowse*’s judgement, “No more honourable, generous, kind hearted, or active ruler ever presided over our government.”
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President's Report 2017
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2018-04-11T16:57:44+00:00
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Read President's Report 2017 by Belmont University on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on our platform. Start here!
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Issuu
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https://issuu.com/office.communications/docs/com-171332_president_s_report_simpl
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Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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https://dokumen.pub/the-french-shore-problem-in-newfoundland-an-imperial-study-9781487584115.html
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The French Shore Problem in Newfoundland: An Imperial Study 9781487584115
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The story of the French shore problems is not merely concerned with international treaties which both Britain and France...
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dokumen.pub
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https://dokumen.pub/the-french-shore-problem-in-newfoundland-an-imperial-study-9781487584115.html
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Citation preview
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
CANADIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT A series of studies edited by Kenneth McNaught, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council of Canada, and published with financial assistance from the Canada Council. l. Church and State in Canada West, 1841-1867. By John S. Moir 2. The French Shore Problem in Newfoundland: An Imperial Study. By Frederic F. Thompson
The French Shore Problem in Newfoundland AN IMPERIAL STUDY
BY
Frederic F. Thompson ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS : 1961
Copyright, Canada, 1961 by University of Toronto Press Printed in the Netherlands Reprinted in 2018 ISBN 978-1-4875-7360-7 (paper)
This volume is affectionately dedicated to my wife
RUTH HELEN
PREFACE Tms WORK was originally prepared as a doctoral thesis at the University of Oxford, and began as a mere examination of the complications relating to French treaty rights in Newfoundland. It was soon obvious that the subject could not be examined in vacuo, for the influence of the colony of Newfoundland became increasingly apparent, changing what began as an international problem between Britain and France into a triangular conflict involving severe strains on the imperial connection, and on the colony's relations with Canada. If Newfoundland can be called the Cinderella of the Empire, then certainly Canada was one of the notorious step-sisters, and very often the United States took on the appearance of the handsome prince. The story of the Anglo-French fishery at Newfoundland falls easily into three phases. The first was from Cabot's voyage in 1497 to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, a period when both countries manreuvred for control of this strategically located island, with victory finally going to Britain. During the whole of this time it can be said with much truth that Newfoundland as a colony did not exist even though several settlements were established during the seventeenth century. By the Treaty of Utrecht the French accepted British sovereignty over the island, and the British recognized that the French possessed certain fishing and territorial rights. These rights underwent complicating changes by subsequent treaties in 1763 and 1783, but even up until the latter date the control of the treaties with France (and after the latter date, with the United States) lay completely with the Imperial government. However, Britain's wars with France between 1793 and 1814 created conditions in which Newfoundland emerged as a distinct colony, no longer wishing to be a submissive ward of the Admiralty, or just a fishing station during the summer months for fishermen from Europe. The third period began with England's recognition of a colony where she had wished no colony to be. It continued with the grant of representative government in 1832, responsible government in 1855, and ended in 1904 after fifty years spent by colonial governments endeavouring, and with a large measure of success, to persuade England to dissolve her treaties with France made at Newfoundland's expense, by new arrangements made at her own, and Africa's. The story of the French shore problem is, then, not merely concerned with international treaties which both Britain and France interpreted to their advantage, but it is also much of the story of Newfoundland's emergence from Imperial proscription. FREDERIC F. THOMPSON
Royal Military College of Canada Kingston, Ontario December 1960
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS MY SINCERE APPRECIATION is extended to the Social Science Research Council of Canada, and the Canada Council, for grants made towards research and publication; to Dr. Norman H. Gibbs, All Souls College, Oxford, for direction during the preparation of the thesis; to Professor Gordon 0. Rothney, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, and Professor J. M. S. Careless of the University of Toronto, for reading the thesis and offering advice upon its publication; to the staffs of the Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, London, the Commonwealth Relations Office Library, the Foreign Office Library, the British Museum, Colindale, the Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Rhodes House Library, Oxford, the Gosling Memorial Library and the Memorial University Library, St John's, Newfoundland, for their help in obtaining the voluminous papers pertaining to this work. It is impossible to assess the value of my wife's contribution to this volume, but for the deficiencies I, alone, am responsible.
CONTENTS
.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
viii
PREFACE
.
•
.
1832
3
1.
THE ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
2.
THE FRENCH AND A NASCENT COLONY .
25
3.
OCEANIA AND THE TREATY COAST
.
48
4.
THE BAIT ACT: COLONIAL SELF-ASSERTION
74
5.
THE LOBSTER MODUS VIVENDI
93
6.
THE KNUTSFORD BILL
120
7.
ASSESSMENT AND ATrRITION
150
8.
THE MIDDLE WAY
176
•
APPENDIXES
1. Initial Agreements Relevant to the Treaty Shore
191
2. Lobster Modus Vivendi, 1890
194
3. "Knutsford Bill'' .
195
4. The Permanent Bill
196
5. The Newfoundland French Treaties Act.
198
6. Convention ... Respecting Newfoundland, and West and Central Africa
199
7. British Permanent Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 MAPS
General map
201
French and American shores .
202
North Atlantic fishing banks and principal baiting areas .
203
BIBLIOGRAPHY
205
NOTES.
213
INDEX .
217
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
CHAPTER ONE
THE ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE 1832 IN 1497, under letters patent granted by Henry VII of England, John Cabot discovered the land which he called "Prima Vista," and a "great multitude of certaine bigge fishes much like unto Tunies, (which the inhabitants call Baccalaos) that they sometime stayed shippes." 1 From the time of his voyages, if not earlier, European interest in Newfoundland was constant, but it was the cod in the adjacent waters that held the chief interest and remained the attraction for centuries. The cod fishery of the northwestern Atlantic never became the monopoly of one country. Whether the credit for having first successfully exploited this fishery belongs to the Portuguese or the French is a moot point, but that the latter were fishing at Newfoundland in 1504 seems certain. There are records of English attempts to fish, trade, and settle in the island during the first half of the sixteenth century, but formidable participation did not come until fifty years after Cabot's voyages, and particularly during the reigns of the later Tudors. Spanish interest dates from about 1540, but rapid growth was followed by gradual decline, and Portugal, falling under the thrall of Spain, disappeared as a serious rival, so that at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War France and England were the chief contenders for the Newfoundland fisheries. England's growing interest in Newfoundland was reflected in the visit of Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583. In agreement with certain adventurers of Southampton he sailed for the island, claimed it for the Crown of England, and made laws for the governance of all in Newfoundland and of all who were to settle in his colony, a nucleus of which he left to govern during his absence. It was here that antagonism was first aroused between those who intended to establish permanent settlements in the island and the adventurers who preferred only occupation during the summer fishery . Caught unawares, the shipmasters within Gilbert's reach had to submit, but fortunately for them the little colony grew discouraged when their guardian sailed for home, and soon they too departed. So far England had done nothing new in Newfoundland, for in asserting English sovereignty Gilbert did no more than had been done by Jacques Cartier, who in 1535 "hissa le drapeau frarn;ais sur les cotes de Terre-Neuve," 2 and in 1540 went to Newfoundland with a number of colonists. A comparison of Gilbert's short-lived efforts on the east coast with the fearless explorations of Cartier some fifty years before on the west reveals the folly of dating sovereignty from 1583. The nearest England came to sovereignty in the sixteenth century was in the overlordship exerted by her shipping captains in the harbours visited during the summer, and in the consolidation of the English fishery on the east coast south of Cape Bonavista which tended to deflect the French to more distant parts of the island. Gilbert found no French fisherman in St. John's harbour
4
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
when he visited it, but they were in nearby harbours such as Renewse, along the south coast towards Cape Breton, at the Magdalen Islands, and on the more northerly shores, and during the last quarter of the sixteenth century they took an increasing interest in the Banks. The concentration of English fishermen (largely from Somerset and Devon) on the eastern shore was partly dictated by a shortage of salt, which forced them to seek drying areas adjacent to the fishing grounds and to develop the dry fishery, which required less salt than the green generally practised by the French. A greater supply of salt and a more extensive domestic market encouraged the French to exploit a larger area. Thus, although European nationalism may be blamed for the establishment of two separate fisheries, the variation in method encouraged the English to limit, and the French to extend, their areas. But it would be wrong to assume that these divisions were distinct, or that a monopoly was established by either power in its respective sphere. During the seventeenth century the English fished north of Bonavista and lived in French harbours, and their sack ships visited fishermen there; at the same time Frenchmen despatched sack ships to the English shore often before the English could arrive. The shores which each controlled represented the minimum with which each would be content, but the full ambition of French and English during the seventeenth century was the monopoly of the Newfoundland trade and fishery. As a means of establishing a monopoly the two countries carried out schemes of colonization. It is not sufficient to consider only the projected settlements in Newfoundland when tracing this policy. The great fisheries along the coast and about the island were only parts of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence system, and the strategy of the north Atlantic must be considered as a whole. Suffice it to state here, however, that the French seem to have assessed the strategic value of Newfoundland better than the English: they realized that Newfoundland is an integral part of the north bank of the St. Lawrence River, and invariably treated it as such, seizing the south shore, fortifying Placentia and keeping it in close communication with Quebec. 3 The English attitude to the island was more complex. The merchants of England's West Country, dependent on the summer fishery, waged almost ceaseless efforts to prevent Newfoundland from becoming a plantation, while merchants of Bristol, London, and Southampton supported colonists, who would carry on trade through them. The government approved several early efforts to establish a colony, and before the Interregnum several charters of settlement had been granted. Those to Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1578, to the Earl of Northampton and others in 1610, to Sir George Calvert in 1628, and to Sir David Kirke in 1638 are among the better known. None of the attempts can be considered a success, but judging by later colonial development in Newfoundland, there seems little doubt that those early attempts would have led to more satisfactory results had they not been opposed by the West Country merchants. After the failure of Sir David Kirke's enterprise, moreover, the English government gradually became first an ally of these merchants, then a prime mover in anti-settlement policy. The West Country merchants and the English government had different reasons for their parallel policies. These merchants, independent traders, had motives
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
5
of prudence and profit to encourage them, and from a commercial point of view their designs were not adverse to the economic prosperity of England. By real or specious arguments they sought to promote legislation which would prevent the Newfoundland fisheries from falling into the hands of colonists. A real argument which appealed to the English government was that if the residents were encouraged they would dispossess the transients and place the fishery beyond imperial control. A specious argument which still persists was that the severity of the climate, the paucity of good places to settle, and the infertility of the soil rendered Newfoundland an unfit place to establish permanent communities. France's attempts to establish colonies in Newfoundland during the seventeenth century were aimed at bringing her parts of the island under more direct control. In 1604 the first French establishment was begun at St. Pierre and Miquelon and in 1627 Newfoundland was included along with Hudson Bay in the charter of Louis XIII to the Associates of New France. Real interest in colonization, however, appears to have begun with the official establishment of Placentia on the south coast, which in 1662 was settled, fortified, and garrisoned. The French controlled a greater part of the Newfoundland shore and consequently there was little jostling between the transient and the settler. Even though the French fishery was largely a ship fishery, with some residents and byeboat keepers at Placentia, St. Mary's and St. Pierre, quarrels did arise, but these were kept at a minimum by the presence of a royal governor at Placentia after 1672, who was able to settle disputes on the spot with the backing of royal authority. Enormous catches were made by the French on the banks, which was a year round fishery, and on the shore north of Cape Bonavista. Besides, the French fishing industry at Newfoundland had a considerable edge over its English counterpart in its control of the home market, quicker despatch of a superior product to Spain, Portugal, and Italy, cheaper provisions and production, and the fishery's sounder financial basis, which obviated the necessity for merchants to mortgage their ships before sending them to Newfoundland. In some respects the English navigation acts even operated to French advantage. The act of 1660 prevented foreign ships from engaging in the fishery trade if their cargoes were bound for England, but not if the cargo went to a foreign market, which was the usual thing in the Newfoundland trade. An act of 1663 did not change that situation, but added a further foreign advantage when it allowed the free importation of salt into New England and Newfoundland. Salt ships that had called at ports in France and Spain were able to smuggle many goods into these areas in the guise of salt, to the detriment of the English merchants who sought a monopoly of the provision trade. Even today the full story of the French in Newfoundland has not been revealed, and it is not surprising therefore, to find in the English Court in the seventeenth century considerable ignorance of the true situation. Naturally enough the government was dependent to a great extent for information on the reports of those engaged in the Newfoundland trade and fishery. These reports do not speak with one voice, for much depended upon whether or not the authors favoured colonization in the island. In 1666, for example, certain complaints reached England about the forceful removal of an Englishman on the south coast, and the refusal of the French to pay the 5 or
6
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
10 per cent levy which the English from time to time sought to impose upon the French as an act of sovereignty. These actions alarmed the pro-colonials, who argued that effective measures should be taken by the English government to offset the fortified garrison at Placentia, and that the levy should again be forced upon the French because in the days when Kirke had done so the English fishery had prospered. If the French succeeded in controlling Newfoundland, it was argued, they would be in a position to offer the Atlantic colonies serious menace. ' On the contrary, the West Country merchants informed the government that the French had not trespassed on the English zone, and that the fortifications at Placentia were not for offensive purposes but merely to protect the French from encroachments by the English, and to safeguard their fur trade. It is not definitely known whether the West Countrymen really believed this, or whether they preferred to face French competition rather than suffer the presence of colonists in the best harbours, backed by their commercial rivals. Lounsbury has suggested that to gain favour with the government they may have capitalized on the "pro-French leanings of the Court of Charles II during those years." 4 Innis seems to suggest that the difficulties of the West Countrymen were many, and that they endeavoured to remove the settlers because the French were more completely beyond their influence: The Newfoundland fishery as conducted by the English had been handicapped by competition from France, New England, and the carrying-trade, by wars, and-scarcely less serious-rumors of wars. It had borne grudgingly the tax of impressed sailors levied on an area favored by legislation as "the nursery for seamen". An absence of military defense because of a policy imposed in the interests of the navy involved serious burdens incidental to the destruction wrought by wars. The support given by the fishing ships to the navy weakened the position of settlements and the development of military defences. The prosecution of the settlements by land defense was neglected because of reliance on naval defense, and because the additional taxes would sap the strength of the English fishery in competition with the French. On the other hand the growth of settlements in spite of restrictions involved exposing them to attack from the French and disastrous losses. Settlements and the growing importance of the sackship trade, and of London interests fostered by New England support, necessitated greater attention to land defense which called for a type of government other than that provided by the admirals of the fishing ships. The burden of naval defense strengthened New England and weakened the fishing ships of the West Country. 5
After the third Dutch War in the 1670's, when Holland's power was considerably diminished, France loomed larger in official opinion as a rival to England's trade and fishery. Anxious to secure more reliable information concerning French activities in Newfoundland, the Lords of Trade thus recommended that the commodores who convoyed the fishing fleets should make investigations and report their findings. The influence of the West Countrymen prevailed, despite reports -some from merchant groups favouring colonists, and others from commodoresthat any serious attempt to force out the planters would only send them fleeing to the French for protection, whose fishery under official protection was prospering to an alarming degree. The full danger of French competition was lost amid the monopolistic endeavours of the West Countrymen, the controversy between them and the planters, and the London merchants' lack of influence in official places. Nevertheless the accession of William III was followed by a policy for both the suppression of settlement in Newfoundland and the circumscription of the French fisheries. In his declaration of war, May 7, 1689, Wil-
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
7
liam III complained that it was "not long since the French took licences from the English Governor of Newfoundland, to fish in the seas upon that coast, and paid a Tribute for such Licences, as an Acknowledgement of the sole Right of the Crown of England to that Island and yet of late, the encroachment of the French upon Our said Island, and our Subjects Trade and Fishery have been more like the invasions of an Enemy, than of becoming Friends, who enjoy the advantages of that Trade only by Permission." This appears to be a determination to enforce by war a state of things which inconveniently had not existed prior to French expansion. The War of the League of Augsburg brought no such enforcement, and the French continued at Placentia and fished as before in their accustomed places. Yet William preferred not to relinquish his assumed sovereignty over Newfoundland. In 1698 Parliament passed a famous, or infamous, act (10 and 11 Will. III, c. 25) which the West Country merchants hailed with joy because it marked the triumph of their anti-colonial policy, and which the pro-colonials considered impolitic as well as unjust. The act declared that "no Alien or Stranger whatsoever (not residing within the Kingdom of England, the Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed) should at any Time hereafter take any Bait or use any Sort of Trade or Fishing whatsoever in Newfoundland, or in any of the Islands or Places above-mentioned." A Foreign Office memorandum of 1889 claimed that it "is difficult to imagine any more formal assertion of the sovereignty of the English Crown," but in the light of subsequent events it would be difficult to imagine a more ineffective assertion of sovereignty over Newfoundland. Though the act remained in force for well over a century, the settlements it purported to discourage increased, the trade it was designed to aid declined, the navy it was framed to strengthen received little benefit, and the French it forbade to fish continued to do so long after the measure was repealed. Between 1699 and 1713 the commercial competition and active enmity of France were in large measure responsible for discouraging the English overseas fishery. The French were accused of pursuing a policy of expansion on the north Atlantic fishing grounds in order to gain commercial and naval supremacy. It was variously estimated that France, between 1699 and 1713, had four to eight hundred ships, and sixteen to thirty thousand men occupied in the fisheries of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Banks, and the Gulf, while England sent only about five thousand men, not including the New Englanders, whose settled fishery was in competition with that of the mother country. The desire to have France completely removed from the fishery gradually increased during the period of the War of the Spanish Succession. It became a matter of imperial importance instead of merely a fishery interest though a reservation must be made in the case of the West Country merchants, since they appeared unmoved over the settlement achieved at Utrecht that closed the war in 1713. The British government received ample advice from merchants on the best ways of dealing with Newfoundland in the negotiations with a defeated France at Utrecht. Opinion was heavily in favour of completely excluding the French from the Island, for if they were enabled to maintain their former position on the south coast, they would have the best fishery and if a French prince were also to rule over Spain, Naples, and Milan the dangers to English trade would
8
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
be startlingly apparent. If they were removed from Placentia, but allowed to fortify St. Pierre, the English defences at the former place would be rendered impotent. To send them to Petit Nord would give them control of the short route to Canada and put them dangerously in touch with Canadian Indians. Another serious objection to re-admitting the French was revealed in a letter to the Duke of Shrewsbury, the plenipotentiary in Paris, from Queen Anne, on December 11, 1712, which indicated the threat to any future Anglo-French amity consequent upon permitting the French to fish and dry on the shores of Newfoundland alongside the English. Queen Anne and her memorialists were disappointed, however, for although France secured the exclusive use of Cape Breton, England had to share the Newfoundland fisheries with her late enemies. M. Torey had protested that those fisheries were indispensable to French economy, and Louis XIV intimated that he was prepared to fight another war rather than surrender all claims to them. By article 13 of the Treaty of Utrecht, 6 France recognized the sovereignty of England over Newfoundland. She yielded Placentia and all other places which she had held, although her fishermen were to be allowed to fish and dry on the coast from Cape Bonavista passing by the north to Point Riche on the west coast. It was this article which legally established the dominion of England over Newfoundland, and which formed the true basis of British sovereignty, not the claims of 1497 or the largely unsuccessful attempts at charter settlement between 1578 and 1637-not to mention ineffectual clauses in imperial legislation. The treaty plainly indicated the growing strength of Great Britain in North America. Still, all the victories of Marlborough had not sufficed to exclude the French from Newfoundland completely, though they had been transferred to what was thought the least important part of the coast for the fishery and defence. To the English merchants, other than those of the West Country, this provision of the treaty was a great disappointment; a true mercantile policy for the fisheries had been sacrificed to procure a speedy peace with France. Yet West Country merchants were not overly disappointed with the settlement, for they had long held that the French menace was exaggerated, and, not yet aware of the value of the west and northeast coasts, they were at least glad the French had been removed from the south, forbidden on the east, and packed away to the north. Better the French at Petit Nord than their London opponents, with their settlers, engaged in establishing a resident fishery. After the peace, old habits prevailed as French fishermen continued to visit the south coast. These encroachments were checked, but only by a relaxation of the prohibition against settlers, for otherwise later French visits could not have been detected and discouraged. More serious trespass was committed upon the west coast south of Point Riche, where the French, despite naval and gubernatorial information to the contrary, fished for cod and salmon, trapped for fur, occasionally stayed the winter, and sometimes "lost" themselves in the woods to escape the reach of the law. The French surreptitiously appropriated an extra two hundred miles of coastline, and when later challenged on the encroachment, denied British assertions that Point Riche was located at 50° 30' north latitude, and put forth a contention for 47° 40', which was really the position of Cape Ray.
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
9
Of the coasts of Newfoundland none was more neglected than the west coast between Cape Ray and Cape Norman. Until the survey of James Cook later in the eighteenth century, the British government were not well informed about the west coast, and in a sense it was French territory in spite of the surrender of 1713. Numerous French names prove the consistency of French visits, but until the last quarter of the seventeenth century settlement was improbable there, and no less on the northeast. Added to the rigours of long winters and icebound harbours were dangers from Indians and Eskimoes, both of whom frequented Petit Nord at this time. No English records exist of French settlement on the west and northeast coasts from 1680 to 1713, but as the Treaty of Utrecht forbad French settlements it is probable some had been established. By this period the Beothuk Indians had driven the Eskimoes to Labrador, from where they never returned, and had themselves retired to the interior of the island. Danger of raids was thus removed from the Petit Nord. The establishment of a fortified settlement at Placentia in 1662 probably encouraged permanency in other French regions, and as the fishery increased in all areas there arose a more urgent need for some fishermen to remain behind to protect property and prepare for the next season's fishery. These developments, of course, were hindered by the arrangements of 1713. The history of Newfoundland during the first century of recognized British sovereignty was one of official opposition to permanent settlement, with intervals wherein the force of circumstances compelled the establishment of institutions indispensable to settled communities. From 1699 to 1708, under the terms of 10 and 11 William III, c. 25, the administration of justice was left to the tender mercies of .t he fishing admirals, men well versed in the ways of fish, ignorant of the law, quick to judge in their own interest, and little stirred by affection for the settlers. In 1708 an order-in-council placed supreme command on shore iD the hands of the commodore of the Newfoundland convoy, "a shift fro:-n the superlative to the comparative degree of badness," which command began with the arrival and ended with the departure of the commodore, leaving the settlers during the winter months to their own devices. The industrious were at the mercy of the idle, those who attempted to retain a semblance of Christian society were offended by the profligate, and any hope for a law-abiding community was mocked by the ease in which the most heinous crimes were committed without retribution. Armed with a sizable list of grievances West Country interests sought to prevail with the British government to prevent an endorsement of civil government: they declared that a permanent community was an encouragement to smuggling, a convenient location for the abduction of experienced seamen by New Englanders, and a threat to the transient fishery (so important to the navy) because the planters pre-empted the available fishing rooms. Newfoundland's unhappy situation reflected the British government's uncertain state of mind. Settlement should have been discouraged, but it increased; settlers should have been removed, but it was never expedient. For the attainment of a minimum of order while the government evolved a satisfactory policy, certain temporary prerequisites of ordered society were established. These by their very nature, despite their inadequacy, gradually gave permanence to the community which was officially opposed. In 1728 Captain Osborn of H.M.S. Squirrel was
10
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
commissioned governor and commander-in-chief of Newfoundland; he was allowed to appoint justices of the peace and various other officials to aid in the administration of the island's affairs. The chief weakness of this innovation was its seasonal character, for the settlers were still left largely without legal government when the governor departed at the end of the summer. Even in summer its operation was hindered by the deliberate obstruction of the fishing admirals, representing the West Country merchants, who openly asserted that the power of the justices was based only on the King's Commission while theirs rested firmly upon Imperial statute. None the less the development was a slight improvement for the settlers. A court of vice-admiralty was established in 1737; four years later a naval officer was appointed to collect clearance fees from vessels engaged in the fishery. The clause in the act of 1698 whereby criminals were to be taken to England for trial had proved hopelessly inadequate, and to make the execution of justice in serious crimes more effective, the commission of Governor Drake in 1750 included power to appoint commissioners of oyer and terminer. In 1762 a custom house was established in St. John's. The shore assigned to the French had been chosen, among other reasons, because it was little known and appreciated by the British negotiators, and because it was rarely visited by British fishermen. To place the French there meant a continuity of two separate fisheries and the prevention of frequent quarrels. For forty years after 1713 the British contented themselves generally, though not entirely, with the traditional shore between Cape Bonavista and Cape St. Mary and the newly acquired shore westward from Placentia. Hence the French enjoyed a virtual monopoly of their shore, particularly north of Cape St. John, and exercised extra-territoriality. The first fishing captain to arrive became admiral for the season under a French naval ordinance of 1681, and French naval vessels came to enforce regulations of French making, and to expel, by force if necessary, all British intruders. Whatever the "true" interpretation of the treaty of 1713, custom at least persuaded the French that the fishery on the treaty shore was theirs alone during the season. The question of the nature of French rights came into prominence in the mideighteenth century, not merely as an academic discussion, but because certain factors arose which permanently altered conditions in Newfoundland, and made the "French shore" problem a topic of public and diplomatic discussion for one hundred and fifty years. War has its favourites, and during the Seven Years' War the settlers profited at the expense of the transient and the French fishermen. Along the British shore were established the main concentrations of illegal settlers.7 Each new resident was anxious to secure an unoccupied cove, and gradually all available places were filled. Wherever possible the "liveyers" encroached on French preserves-where they remained if they escaped the vigilance of French naval authorities-or ingratiated themselves into French favour. This process alone would not have precipitated the problem into the arena of diplomatic quarrels, were it not that as the British transient fishermen found themselves shut out from the traditional shore, they too moved northwards to the emptier regions beyond Bonavista. Slowly it became known that the French had good fishing grounds, and this, linked with the need for fishing space, prompted the pressure which the West Country interest brought to bear on the British government to support a concurrent fishery. In the absence of the French, the
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
11
settler and those transients not impressed by the navy moved freely on the treaty coast. Hence when negotiations were begun for a peace, most urgent representations were made to the government to eliminate French rights and give the whole island into the hands of the transients. Once again those interested in the Newfoundland trade and fishery raised their voices during the negotiations to insist upon a British monopoly. Mingled with the familiar cry that French naval power was nurtured upon the Newfoundland fisheries was the economic undertone that the fish procurable at Petit Nord was particularly acceptable to British Mediterranean markets. William Pitt, probably urged by City merchants, supported the complete exclusion of France from the fishery, and considered the consummation of such a policy worth "another campaign or two." But France was not easily overcome, for following the resignation of Pitt in October 1761, and the entry of Spain into the war early in 1762, the French showed how deadly serious they were about the Newfoundland fisheries. When the loss of Louisburg was accepted and only St. Pierre and Miquelon offered upon very strict terms as a shelter for French fishermen, a determined attempt was made in the summer of 1762 to seize Newfoundland. The effort was ultimately unsuccessful, but it impressed the opponents of Pitt, emphasizing what they already suspected, that a maritime power like France could never willingly give up the source of her naval strength. The argument for the inclusion of France in the Newfoundland fisheries was supported by a clear statement of the Board of Trade which contended that the present war was not caused by French encroachments in the fishery, and further military engagements to exclude France would probably arouse European fears of a British monopoly of the fish trade. With France expelled from Canada her participation in the fisheries would be much diminished, and in any case a British monopoly would not open the lucrative French market. Further weight was added to these points by the Duke of Bedford, the ambassador in Paris, who attempted to put the subject on an ethical plane by asserting "that it was unnatural to expect a maritime country like France to cede her rights to the fishery . .. and that England should recognize that France had a right to develop." Prudence, then, determined that by article 5 of the Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763,8 French participation in the Newfoundland fisheries on the terms granted in 1713 should be confirmed except that it was conferred as a "liberty." Although it could be said, from a strictly literal reading of the text, that France, by accepting the term "liberty," had renounced her claim to a residual right in favour of one conferred by Britain, any further comment upon the use of the term would be futile. It had little effect upon later developments, and the French gave no importance to it. Once the French had surrendered their North American empire Great Britain felt it safe to allow them to return to the waters south of Newfoundland, from which they had been ousted in 1713. Article 6 of the Treaty of Paris9 ceded the small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon for service as a shelter to French fishermen. They were not to be fortified. These islands, comprising about one hundred square miles, formed of solid masses of granite with a few lakes and streams, a thin covering of soil, and scanty vegetation, must have looked microscopic to a nation once well on the way to supremacy in North America. In 1536 Cartier
12
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
found French ships at these islands; by the seventeenth century the French were predominant; in 1700 they were fortified against the British into whose hands they fell in 1702. After 1713 British fishermen from the West Country, Jersey, and Guernsey, who had lost their fishery on the east coast, resorted to the islands to fish and trade. It was not without protest, therefore, that in 1763 St. Pierre and Miquelon were returned to the French. The physical proximity of the islands to Newfoundland, and the humiliation caused France by the alarming diminution of her North American empire, created a condition fraught with hazard. On March 15, 1763, the Board of Trade advised the British government that because there were not enough resources in the islands for them to be a base for a resident fishery, and because French rights on the northeast coast of Newfoundland afforded better facilities for drying their Bank-caught fish, the first danger to be apprehended from St. Pierre and Miquelon was that of illicit trade with North America. Aware of the danger, the British government interpreted article 6 in its narrowest sense. To deprive the French of cheap materials for their boats and to prevent an effective competition in the fishery, contact with Newfoundland's timber and bait resources was discouraged. Concern too for the British monopoly of the Newfoundland provision trade was embodied in this policy of isolation. France also executed her plan. The islands became a centre of the French fishery, a shelter and gathering place for fishing ships, and an entrepot for supplies, and they provided natural flakes for the drying of some of their catch. French warships which convoyed the fleet made their rendezvous at the port of St. Pierre; the settlers practised a modest shore fishery, and not least, an extensive trade was created with North America. In view of the developments on the treaty shore during and after the Seven Years' War, it is evident that French fishermen were in need of more support than they themselves could muster. Upon their return to the shore after the conflict, they found many of the best rooms between Cape Bonavista and Cape St. John occupied by settlers. Added to these intrusions were those of the British transients who had learned the value of the "French shore" and were unwilling to deprive themselves of a share in it. In support of their action, these men invoked the authority of 10 and 11 William III, c. 25, to support their claim that all the coasts of Newfoundland were open to them. It would be difficult, therefore, to counter the French argument that a concurrent fishery meant a decreasing participation, and ultimately a negation of their treaty claims. The French knew that many of the British transients came to the treaty shore because they had been excluded from the east coast by the settlers; that some settlers, ousted by the returning transients, had moved north to Bonavista; and that in certain cases collusion took place between transient and settler to pre-empt suitable places on the treaty coast. It was convenient therefore, for reasons of their own, for both settler and transient to believe in the existence of a concurrent fishery, and it was natural for the French to deny it. At this low ebb of French imperial forhme their attempts to seek recognition of an exclusive fishery could be considered as a defensive action to preserve without diminution undefined rights conferred by treaties. The inability of _the British government to preserve an exclusive fishery for the English transients on the eastern shore was an object lesson to the French authorities. In 1764 the French ambassador threatened war unless his country
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
13
received satisfaction on the subject of exclusive rights, and when his threat was verified in Paris the British government became more conciliatory than hitherto, but little was accomplished except to instruct naval officers on the Newfoundland station to make every effort to prevent trouble. Shortly after the peace the French government granted a bounty on their Newfoundland fishery to encourage extended operations on the treaty shore. Ulterior motives have been read into this act: and the charge is true, if the French effort to hold the whole shore against British encroachment can be called an unfriendly act. In 1770 Captain Palliser reported that the French fishery on the treaty shore was greater than the British, the latter making use of harbours not frequented by the French. While this report proves the existence of a concurrent fishery, the French bounty given to those who used new harbours showed that the presence of Englishmen was not to the French taste. The effectiveness of bounties is seen in a Board of Trade report in 1770, which blamed these subsidies for the increasing number of incidents between English and French fishermen, and though it was recognized that the bounties were a French privilege, it was hoped the practice would be discontinued. In answer to a French complaint against the trespass of settlers, the Board stated that residents were discouraged for the benefit of the French and English fishery, but there were no legal means to prevent their advance along the coast. It is hardly surprising then, in the face of such a policy, that the French should devise measures for the maintenance of their own rights as they saw them. After twelve years of uneasy peace in Newfoundland and ineffective protest by the residents, the transient fishery received a new lease on life with the passage in 1775 of Palliser's act (15 Geo. III, c. 31). The West Country merchants were once more confirmed in act their pre-eminence. The fishery which Palliser wished to continue was the ship fishery-the nursery for seamen. He despised the shore fishermen, and considered the men who followed it neither good fishermen nor good seamen. Reasons for the lack of official support for settlers in Newfoundland are varied. There is the argument that "British policy towards Newfoundland had been founded upon the supposition that a fishery carried on from English shores would benefit seapower." 10 An American historian, R. G. L. Lounsbury claims that the British government's support of the western adventurers was "not because (they) admired their methods more than those of others, but rather because they feared that the erection of colonial government and any encouragement to the Newfoundlanders would result in making the island a second New England ... [and the] British government had always before its eyes the horrible example of New England and the other 'bread' colonies of the north, which were included in the plantation system, but whose products were never suited to a regulatory system designed to promote Virginia tobacco and Barbados sugar." 11 Seamen and fishermen who stayed behind in the island were beyond the impressment officers, and too often Newfoundland was but a gateway to overly independent New England. One aspect of Newfoundland history during the eighteenth century can be seen in the alliance between settlers and New Englanders, to whom settlement was a mutual advantage in trade and fishery, and the association of the West Country merchants with the Royal Navy, the former seeking a monopoly of trade, the latter of sailors.
14
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
In spite of a legally supported transient fishery, a settled fishery of British subjects gradually established itself on sections of the coast. They settled on the south coast after the removal of the French, though progress in that region was for some time hindered by pirates. The coast between Trepassey, south of St. John's and Cape Bonavista held most of the settlers, but long before the period under review they had spilled beyond English limits. Apart from the natural increase of settlers who remained despite the failure of chartered colonies, growth in population was to a large degree due to those who were most vociferous against colonization. Contrary to law some fishing captains encouraged fishermen to remain during the winter to protect property, repair boats and gear, and gener-ally prepare for next season's fishery; shipowners could not resist the temptation to use their ships for carrying passengers to North America, many of whom got no further than Newfoundland; it was also contrary to law for shipmasters to pay their crew and fishermen more than half their wages in advance of the voyage, a ruling which offered the temptation of abandoning men to save payment of the remaining wage. Further, the harshness of conditions in the Royal Navy encouraged desertions and avoidance of impressment officers. The social and legal implications of official and mercantile anti-colonialism, and connivance at "settlement," have bequeathed an excellent opportunity to study the theory and application of mercantilism in Newfoundland.12 During the American Revolution, dissatisfaction with arrangements on the treaty coast, as well as at St. Pierre, influenced the French in their decision to support the American rebels. Article VI of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and the belligerent colonies contained a renunciation by the former of any claims to conquest on the North American continent, and a recognition by the latter of the claims of France to an exclusive fishery on the treaty coast of Newfoundland. No detailed apportionment of the north Atlantic fisheries was made by the allies, but it is significant that the first plan of campaign prepared by the French in January 1778 included a naval attack on Newfoundland. The omission of the fisheries from the Franco-American treaty may not have been an indication of their insignificance, but of their great importance; for both France and the American colonies, particularly the New England group, had a serious interest in them, and neither was likely to make any commitments regarding the price until the war was won. The treaty of friendship has generally obscured the evidence of keen rivalry which existed between the old and the new antagonists of Britain. The exclusive position in Newfoundland which Britain had not achieved in 1763 certainly could not be consummated in 1783. Therefore the French again returned to Newfoundland at the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War. The British, however, drew strength during the peace negotiations from the proclivity of her enemies to nullify their alliance by clandestine parleys with their common foe. Previous to formal bargaining, the French government told Mr. Fitzherbert, the British ambassador, that it would require "the full and entire sovereignty" of the late Newfoundland treaty coast and in addition "the entire and exclusive" use of the fishery within the same limits. At their first conference the French Foreign Minister endeavoured to forestall the Americans
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
15
by insisting upon the surrender of a large extent of the Newfoundland shore as a French reserve. An old argument was raised to support French demands for the inclusion of the whole west coast in the original treaty shore. Point Riche, the southerly limit by the treaties of 1713 and 1763, was placed by Vergennes, on the basis of Herman Moll's Map, at a point where Cape Ray is situated. Reference was also made to the quarrels between British and French fishermen which had occurred on the shore between Capes Bonavista and St. John. To obviate the clearing of this portion of the coast (which by now, owing to the complete absence of the French since 1780, was more thickly settled), it was proposed "comme un moyen possible de compenser a la France" for "la perte de la peche et de la secherie" previously possessed, Great Britain should relinquish to France "toute la cote depuis le Cap Saint-Jean, en tournant par le nord et le nord-ouest, jusqu'au Cap May." Vergennes did not request that France should have full and entire sovereignty over the region, but only that French fishermen should have exclusive rights within the limits. By this moderation he hoped to make his demand more acceptable to the British, while simultaneously acquiring an advantage over France's late confederate, "for if Britain retained sovereign power over the whole of Newfoundland, the Americans would not be in a position to embarrass their French ally with a request for participation." The implications of the French demand for an increased share in the Newfoundland shore fisheries were not lost on the British government. George III wrote to Grantham that France must be satisfied with a smaller share "unless America is not permitted to have much of that Island; otherwise between the two poor England must have the worst share." Similar opinions were held by Shelburne, who decided that France should have the northeast coast and as far as Cape Ray on the west, which was still rarely visited by British fishermen and had few settlers. Even this decision was contrary to mercantile demands, for the merchants of Poole now petitioned for the exclusion of France from Newfoundland. When the French demands were again repeated by Rayneval on his first visit to England in September, Shelburne agreed to the wisdom of separating the French and British fishermen to avoid quarrels, and went so far as to appreciate "the logic of that position and agreed that the French should have the sole and undisturbed use of their new inshore fishery." He would not, however, accept the word "exclusive" which would raise awkward issues. Pursuant to his instructions, Fitzherbert, during further discussions at Paris in September, informed Vergennes that Cape Ray was to be the limit of the French shore on the west coast. This limit at first displeased the French minister as "being so considerable a defalcation of his original demand." La Poile was then suggested as the limit of the French shore on the south coast, but when Vergennes learned from Fitzherbert that the British government would not go beyond Cape Ray "he finally acquiesced." A few days later Fitzherbert was instructed that the southern coast "was possessed of great advantages in point of harbours and fisheries, and was not, therefore, to be given up," advice which reveals the influence of the petition from the merchants of Poole. Despite further pressure during the formal negotiations to modify the decision to include a portion of the south coast in the French treaty shore, article 5 of the Definitive Treaty of Versailles, September 3, 1783, confined the French between Cape St. John by the north to Cape Ray.
16
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
The demarcation of the geographical limits of the French shore was relatively easy compared with the attempt to define the nature of the French rights which were to operate there. No serious dispute arose from the former question, but the latter furnished over one hundred years of wrangling. On October 28, 1782, Fitzherbert reported "that M. de Vergennes was not disposed to insist very strenuously upon the point" of the exclusive right. Eight days later he reported that Vergennes insisted upon it emphatically, bringing forth all his former arguments in favour of the concession. This volte-face was probably the result of intelligence that Great Britain was about to give the Americans a right to participate generally in the Newfoundland fishery along with British subjects. If such were to be the final agreement with the Americans, France could hope for no more than a concurrent fishery to be shared with new friends and old enemies. Fitzherbert endeavoured to dissuade Vergennes from insisting on the exclusive right, but "finding that what he had said had not made the desired impression, he at last ventured to propose, as a mezzo termine (taking care, however, to add that the proposition came from himself), that the said exclusive right should not be mentioned in the Treaty, but that Great Britain should promise 'Ministeriellement', to secure it to the French fishermen by means of proper instructions to that effect to the Governor of Newfoundland, an expedient which M. de Vergennes came into readily, saying that such a Ministerial assurance would fully satisfy him." This idea of Fitzherbert appears to have caught on, though official approval cannot be ascertained from government correspondence. Lord Shelburne suggested something very similar to Rayneval on November 13 when he promised that as "to the droit exclusif you can count on it, apart from the actual word, for we will give our Governors the most positive orders to safeguard the thing itself from interruption by the subjects of Britain." Referring to the preliminary articles in the course of preparation, the Secretary of State advised Fitzherbert that "great pains had been taken to avoid mentioning the fishery as exclusive, and that the third Article had been cautiously worded for that purpose .. . [and that] it was very desirable ... that it should be left entirely out, and that the French should be contented with as strong assurances of not being molested as could be given them in the King's name." The third article of the preliminary treaty signed in January 1783 did not contain any reference to the nature of French rights in Newfoundland, but limited itself to a delineation of the new treaty shore. The "strong assurances of not being molested" were conveyed to the French in a note from Lord Grantham to Fitzherbert with the injunction that the ambassador could "assure the French minister of the punctuality with which this engagement will be observed." In the course of negotiations for a definitive treaty the French attempted to have the term "exclusive fishery" inserted in the British declaration. When these attempts failed another tack was taken to achieve the same purpose. On June 18, 1783, the draft of the French counter declaration was sent to the British government which included the words "la peche exclusive sur Jes cotes de Terre-Neuve." Instructions were then sent to the Duke of Manchester to insist upon the omission of the word "exclusive," and if he failed, to present another British declaration in answer to the French counter declaration "that the King of England did not mean to grant an exclusive fishery any otherwise than by
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
17
ordering his subjects not to molest by concurrence." The French government were dissuaded from this proposed counter declaration, and agreement was reached upon the wording of the final documents, which were signed on the same day as the Definitive Treaty of Peace, September 3, 1783. The question naturally arises at this point: What did the two declarations mean in relation to the nature of French rights on the treaty shore, and the extent of British responsibility to maintain them? All arguments, official and private, have been as attempts to force a large inflated balloon in too small a box. The British and French declarations represented, essentially, a compromise, and inherently such arrangements are dangerous. For their maintenance compromise was constantly necessary, which in this case meant repeated readjustment to changed circumstances. The most serious results of these declarations did not arise until after 1815, when for over seventy years the two governments sought to substitute further compromises in the form of less equivocal agreements. At the discussions of August 21, 1782, Vergennes informed Fitzherbert that France would not be satisfied with the restitution of St. Pierre and Miquelon because St. Pierre harbour was not commodious enough for the fishermen and warships of France. The islands were too far from the Gulf, and too small to support a large colony. If the west coast were ceded to France it would serve her fishermen as a base for the Gulf fisheries, but if the south coast were to remain British the value of St. Pierre would be diminished. Whatever island was ceded to France it must be in full sovereignty, and such a transfer would be regarded "in the light of a conditio sine qua non." Vergennes suggested Belle Isle off the northeast coast, which "directly opposite the scene of the Grand Bank fisheries could be a rendezvous for the French ships and a centre from which effective protection could be given." French experts quickly put Vergennes right in the matters of geography and strategy: Belle Isle was not opposite the Grand Bank fishery and suitable neither as a base for fishermen nor for naval vessels to protect them. He did not seem, therefore, very perturbed when Fitzherbert told him that the British government were finding great difficulty in accepting the idea of ceding an island other than St. Pierre, but he hoped that the restitution would not be burdened with the restrictions applied in 1763. British knowledge of certain parts of Newfoundland had considerably increased during the past twenty years. Captain Cook had made important surveys of the island, and one of the officers who accompanied him, a Lieutenant Lane, was sent for by Shelburne to give advice on the question of island strategy around Newfoundland. Lane stated that only Fogo Island was suitable for the purposes required by the French, but any possibility that this island would be ceded was dropped when the officer indicated that it could be effectively fortified and St. Pierre could not. Further, if it were decided to begin the treaty shore at Cape St. John, Fogo Island's proximity to the British coast would create another disadvantage. The sequel to these negotiations was the restitution of the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon to France. From this settlement the problem of St. Pierre and Miquelon takes on added complications. Article 6 of the Treaty of Paris, 1763, was definite that the islands were ceded only as a shelter for French fishermen, and were to remain unfortified. In 1783 these limitations were not renewed, for article 4 stated that "The Islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon ... are ceded in full right, by the present
18
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Treaty to His Most Christian Majesty." Had the matter ended there, the future colony of Newfoundland would have been relieved of an additional pretext for complaint. Unfortunately the last paragraph of the declaration asserted that "the King of Great Britain, in ceding the Islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon to France, regards them as ceded for the purpose of serving as a real shelter to the French fishermen, and in full confidence that these possessions will not become an object of jealousy between the two nations and that the fishery between the said Islands, and that of Newfoundland, shall be limited to the middle of the channel." This rider conferred upon posterity two exasperating riddles: What constituted a real shelter for French fishermen? And at what phase of development would the island colony become an object of jealousy? When the pertinent treaty stipulations were debated in Parliament violent arguments ensued. In support of the government some reasoned "that peace on any terms, by breaking the powerful confederacy that was against us, and giving us time to recruit our wasted strength, was preferable to a continuance of the war," others that the peace needed no defence, its terms were "fair and honourable" and "adequate to the just expectations of the nation." Notwithstanding the official view towards the declaration, Parliament believed that it implied an exclusive right for the French. The concession was defended on the grounds that simultaneously Great Britain had maintained for herself "an exclusive right to the most valuable banks," and had obviated a further outbreak of unpleasant incidents by the policy of separate fisheries. The opposition were not persuaded to accept these justifications. They countered that from France had come the idea of exchanging part of the northeast coast for an extension on the west, and therefore, "it was absurd to suppose that she had chosen for herself the worst stations." The west coast had the best fishing grounds and "the concession was of a new and important nature, the consequences of which it was not easy to foresee." 13 After 1783 the French made every effort to exploit the fishery on the new shore. In 1785 the bounty system was reintroduced to encourage participation and offset the losses incurred by the industry and trade during the late war. The practical monopoly of the French West Indian trade was placed in Frerich hands by the grant of a bounty, and trade with Europe was encouraged by a bounty on dried fish sold in European markets and carried to the ports in French vessels. In view of the dangers present on the west coast, which had very few convenient and safe harbours, and to promote an interest in the newly acquired regions south of Point Riche, a special bounty ·was granted to all crews of ships fishing about the Bay of Islands. Abetted by these bounties the French soon secured a predominant position on the northeast and west coasts. Reasons for the reintroduction of the bounty system are to be found in the French government's concern for the welfare of their fishing population, and also in the continued survival of the idea that the fisheries about Newfoundland, particularly on the Banks, were the chief nursery for the seamen required for the navy. Notwithstanding these bounties and the monopoly of their home markets the French failed to maintain large numbers upon the treaty coast. Apart from the influences of extraordinary French domestic politics, and the gradual deteriora-
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
19
tion of Anglo-French relations, there were certain other disadvantages native to the Newfoundland fisheries which contributed to a progressive diminution of French participation. Weather conditions and navigation on these northern and western shores were far more difficult than those experienced by Englishmen on their coasts, and by Frenchmen in their home areas and on the Banks. Furthermore, wages and provisions were not attractive enough to entice men to the distant regions of Newfoundland. Complaint was also made by the backers of these annual voyages that the skill of the French fishermen enlisted under the above conditions was not sufficient to enable them to secure a catch large enough to make their risks worth while, and under the terms of the treaty the French were not permitted to remain after September, a prohibition which hindered them in making necessary repairs on hshing rooms and gear during the winter in readiness for an early start the next season. Further, the presence of British transient fishermen on the treaty coast, and the pre-emption of the best fishing places by the settlers despite the periodic visits of British men-of-war, added to the annoyances endured by the French. Complaints from both sides poured into official ears, and there were enough valid ones to warrant an investigation by the Committee of Trade in 1786 at a time when the whole question of the Newfoundland fisheries was under review. 14 Unfortunately, before new instructions could be completed for Governor Elliot in accordance with the Committee's suggestions, the French had taken matters into their own hands by hustling British fishermen and merchants off the treaty coast. In certain of these actions the French navy was assisted by British naval officers; nor did Governor Elliot protest. His instructions left much to his discretion when they ordered him to assure to the French the full use of the fishery; and though they contained no committal by the British government to an exclusive fishery for the French, Elliot's failure to support the British fishermen's demand for a concurrent fishery appeared to endorse the claim of the French to fish there exclusively, to remove by force all British subjects found fishing, trading, sealing, or trapping there, and to order the removal or destruction of fixed settlements of all kinds whether or not they were erected for fishing purposes. Forcible removal of the English transient fishermen had its risks for the British government. It was considered directly contrary to 10 and 11 William III, c. 25, which guaranteed a free fishery to them at Newfoundland. Since 1720 settlers had gradually deflected the transients either to the Banks or Labrador, and in 1786 the French were forcibly moving them from their coasts where they tried to fish either on their way to or from Labrador. Under the direction of Pitt in 1788 an act (28 Geo. III, c. 35) was passed dealing with the problem of French participation. It did not declare France to have an exclusive fishery, nor make the visits of British fishermen to the treaty coast unlawful, but it did permit the King-in-Council to authorize the governor, or his officers, to suspend 10 and 11 William III, c. 25 and prevent where necessary the visits of British fishermen to French preserves. However, the act emphasized that only British naval officers had the right to compel British subjects to leave the French limits. New instructions were issued to the governor, to use force if necessary when recalcitrant British fishermen flouted his orders. At the same time Elliot was
20
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
directed to prevent the French from salmon fishing beyond one-half mile up river mouths, and to enforce against the French the limitations imposed upon them by treaty. Notwithstanding its de facto support of nearly all their claims, and its obvious disadvantages to the British transient and settler, the French were far from overjoyed with the act. They could claim that by the actions of their naval forces in 1786, and largely without British support they had virtually created an exclusive fishery; the act, therefore, only confirmed the status quo. As for the stipulation that only British officers could exercise jurisdiction on the treaty shore, it crimped the ambition of the French to obtain for their officers an extra-territorial authority, for by 1788 it was obvious that France desired to exercise sovereignty over her shore. Time was too short. Within five years France was again at war with Great Britain, French fishermen were driven from Newfoundland, St. Pierre and Miquelon were seized in a raid from St. John's, and their colonists despatched to France. Often more interesting than wars are their by-products. To a considerable degree the settled colony in Newfoundland was an incident of the imperial wars between Great Britain and France. Especially is this the case in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic struggles. Legally the fishery remained circumscribed by King William's law until 1824; professedly the governors, merchants, judges, magistrates, and naval surrogates practised their vocations to maintain the sacrosanct transiency of the fishery; but practically the press gangs and the innumerable risks of war gradually transmuted Newfoundland, a "fief of the admiralty," a "fishing ship anchored off the banks," into a number of communities which the return of peace could not dislodge. French rights and French fishermen disappeared from the shores of Newfoundland and the isles of St. Pierre and Miquelon, leaving the north Atlantic fisheries in the hands of the island-based Englishmen and New Englanders. Before peace returned in 1815 the Mediterranean markets were wholly supplied by the Anglo-American merchants, by and large the provision trade to Newfoundland had become a monopoly of New England, and the centre of resistance of French ambitions had moved from the English West Country to the street which ran along the north side of St. John's harbour. An imperial act (31 Geo. III, c. 29) was passed on May 26, 1791, to establish a Court of Civil Jurisdiction in Newfoundland. This was achieved by Lord Thurlow against mercantile opposition, but with the support of Sir Archibald MacDonald, the attorney general, who felt that the small fishermen needed an impartial court to save them from the domination of the merchants still backed by 10 and 11 William III, c. 25, the embodiment of summary justice. The act was an experiment to endure for a year only. It came up for review in 1792 when certain reforms were put forward by John Reeves, the first chief justice, and incorporated in a new act (32 Geo. III, c. 46). Pitt had found it convenient during the course of the debates on the second bill to promise the merchants a parliamentary enquiry into the Newfoundland trade and fishery. At the enquiry in 1793 the merchants urged their old arguments against the courts and prophesied a decline of the fishery. In their unshakable opposition to settlers they were supported by Sir Hugh Palliser and William Knox, who tenaciously clung to the argument that a colony could endanger Newfoundland's usefulness as a nursery
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
21
for seamen, and loosen imperial control over the fishery. It was further urged that the new court, instead of simplifying the course of justice, would in time complicate it by encouraging a permanent population which in due course would advance claims at variance with the principles of a transient fishery. No tangible conclusions came from the enquiry, but a great deal of evidence was placed before the committee in favour of a settled community. Any changes contemplated had to be postponed upon the outbreak of war with France in 1793, but the Court of Judicature remained. Though created as a bulwark of the ancient fishery, as epitomized in William Ill's law, it also supported, albeit unintentionally, the feeble structure of a colony. The chief weakness of the new system was that it only operated during the presence of the governor, which was for about two months during the summer. When the United States entered the war in 1812, the resident fishery largely managed its own affairs, for all three rivals, embroiled in war, were unable to prosecute the trade and fishery, or to dominate the destiny of the island. The population increased from between ten and twenty thousand to between sixty and seventy thousand; and the extent and value of the fishery increased enormously, so that in the season of 1813-14 it reached close to £3,000,000. Following the submission of the French, Newfoundland was drawn into the economic depression which became general in Europe, and one hundred bankruptcies occurred in St. John's alone between 1815 and 1817; a Europe impoverished could no longer pay high prices for dried cod, hence the Mediterranean markets shrank alarmingly; and the state of the colony was not improved when the peace treaties of 1815 15 brought back to the islanders their recent enemies, the French and Americans. In 1817 the plight of the colony was brought to the notice of Parliament. A select committee were given several reasons 16 to account for the chronic state of the colony: Spain and other Mediterranean countries had increased their import duties upon dried cod, and France, to encourage her fisheries for the benefit of the navy and trade, had reintroduced large bounties not only on ships and men employed in the industry, but also on dried cod exported from France to other countries. These bounties enabled French merchants to undersell their Newfoundland rivals, and to regain their Mediterranean markets. Several witnesses complained that in total disregard of requests from merchants engaged in the trade France had been restored to her west coast fisheries by the treaty of 1815, "by far the most favourable part of the whole island, for the prosecution of the fishery." As there was no going back upon the treaty with France, therefore, the only remedies suggested by the witnesses were the forcible removal of between five and ten thousand distressed people (who were mainly Irish), and the restitution of bounties to British fishermen to offset the advantage gained by the French with their own bounty-fed fishery. It is not difficult to see the influence of the West Country merchants in this report. As one would expect they tried to recover control of the fisheries, but the attempt was luckless and the governmental policy which in the eighteenth century had supported their ambitions was not revived. The British government's refusal to grant a bounty on their exertions spelled doom to their direct participation, though they made an appeal to the hoary sentiment that the fishery was a nursery of seamen, an appeal considered by one member of Parliament as "an
22
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
argument that had borne on its back the impolitic regulations of centuries, and that was always at hand to sanction every unwise measure proposed for extending our commerce." Whether they would have been more successful if the British government had not been engrossed in continued crisis is a moot point, and perhaps impossible to resolve. Gradually West Country competition in the fishery and its collective opposition to settlement became negligible factors. Fortunately domestic and world conditions improved, and though the colony for the next few decades could not be called a roaring success, important steps were taken to consolidate the advantages secured by the residents since 1791, among them the repeal of all legal obstructions against settlement, especially 10 and 11 William III, c. 25. Any hope that the French would be satisfied with a concurrent fishery was soon dispelled. After the war the British Newfoundland squadron was considerably reduced in the name of economy, an action which could not but benefit the French whose fishing industry was generously aided by a deliberate and determined policy formulated by their government. Frenchmen, wherever they were, on land or sea, were considered to be subject to French laws made to regulate "juge de paix" among themselves. In the case of Newfoundland these laws purported "to restrict the liberty of British subjects in British waters," and the naval forces of France were used to enforce them. The treaty of 1713 had laid down the restrictions which were to circumscribe the building activities of the French on the shore, but these restrictions had been early and openly circumvented, not merely upon the whim of the fishermen, but according to mandate from France. It is possible the French considered they had good reason for disregarding the letter and spirit of the treaties, for between 1793 and 1815, when the French were completely excluded from the fishery, a number of British settlers ensconced themselves within the former French limits, so that when the French resumed their fishery in 1815 a new system had arisen, entirely at variance with the declaration of 1783. The real determination of the French to make a success of their north Atlantic fishery is seen in their system of bounties and tariffs, which after 1815 was revived and extended. It was against these bounties and tariffs that complaints were raised as long as a French problem existed in Newfoundland. In 1814 a tariff of 40 francs per 100 kilos imposed upon foreign fish imported into France gave the French fishery a monopoly of the home market, and a bounty of 50 francs per man was granted in 1816 for three years to vessels engaged in the fishery at St. Pierre and the treaty shore. On the fish trade itself there were the following bounties: 24 francs per quintal upon dried cod exported to French colonies in French vessels; 12 francs per quintal for dried cod similarly shipped to Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the Levant from French ports, and 10 francs if sent to these countries direct from the fishing grounds. In 1818 the bounty on fish shipped to the colonies was increased to 40 francs per quintal. The Bank fishery benefited in 1816 by a bounty of 15 francs per man to vessels engaged in it, increased in 1822 to 50 francs if the fish caught were dried in Newfoundland, and in 1829 to 30 francs if the catch were dried in France. Whereas in 1817 the bounty payments amounted to 365,000 francs, in 1829 they reached 4,400,000. One estimate of the French north Atlantic fishery in 1830 shows there were three to four hundred vessels, amounting to about 50,000 tons, employing some 12,000 men. The
ANGLO-FRENCH FISHERY IN NEWFOUNDLAND BEFORE
1832
23
average catch for five years previously was 245,000 quintals of which 27,000 went to the French West Indies, 17,000 to Mediterranean ports, and 160,000 to the French home market, from which 29,000 were re-exported. This burst of energy and an increased fishery alarmed the Newfoundlanders, particularly when following the peace of 1815 the British government substituted vascillation for their traditional opposition to settlement. There was no doubt about the French interpretation of the treaty. Without British warships on the coast there was no deterrent to their assertion of sovereign rights, which took the form of ordering British settlers from places they had occupied before French rights had been restored. Nor did the governor possess any instructions to prevent such action. In 1822 Governor Hamilton acted upon his own initiative and issued a proclamation that the French were "to have full and complete enjoyment of the fishery within the limits and boundaries in the manner they are entitled to enjoy the same under the said Treaty of Utrecht." Legal or not, this proclamation was to be a source of embarrassment to British governments throughout the century. The French government, and French historians, have repeatedly referred to it as definite proof that the British government acknowledged the establishment of an exclusive fishery for the French. Perhaps it was not so far from the official British sentiment in the matter, because no angry letter reached Hamilton from his superiors demanding an immediate abrogation of the proclamation. This supposition appears to have some support in an act (4 and 5 Geo. IV, c. 51) passed in 1824, which recognized a settled colony in Newfoundland, prohibited aliens from fishing in her waters (except the French and Americans), but by section 12 empowered the British government to issue instructions to the governor to put into effect the terms of 28 George III, c. 35, and legalized Hamilton's proclamation of 1822. On the Newfoundland claim for a concurrent fishery Huskisson declared in 1827, "it had been judged expedient, for the purposes of avoiding the risk of unpleasant collision to abstain from acting upon a claim which may yet be considered as open to be enforced." For the time being Newfoundland was to be a colony in irons; it could move its head and arms, but it could not walk about, least of all in the direction of the French limits. Thoroughly exasperated with the French, the St. John's Chamber of Commerce formulated their own interpretation of the treaties, and decided to put the matter to test. They told Governor Cochrane of their intention to send a fishing ship to the French limits and asked for protection, which he refused. A direct appeal was made to Sir George Murray, the colonial secretary, in which the hardships imposed by French intransigence were carefully emphasized, and the intention to despatch a ship was made known. Murray made no reply. Undeterred, in 1829 the Hannah was sent on her way to Quirpon with orders to assert the British right to a concurrent fishery. French reaction to this crusade was immediate and unmistakable. The crew of the Hannah were treated courteously by the French commander of the naval schooner Philomele-but under no circumstances would he permit them to fish on the treaty coast. M. Seyers, a French armateur with an establishment at Croque, informed them (no doubt for the benefit of the Chamber of Commerce) that on the treaty shore the French had an exclusive right, the Americans had no rights, British subjects were encouraged on the shore only when French property required a winter caretaker, and if necessary force would be
24
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
applied to evict either British or American fishermen caught trespassing on French preserves. Governor Cochrane concluded that with so many Frenchmen on the shore it was unwise to allow a concurrent fishery, for no Britisher could fish without interfering, and even if a concurrent fishery were legal, interference was not. Though he protested to the French against their claim to use force in an area undex British sovereignty, his computation of the number of French ships and fishermen on the treaty coast led him to endorse the wisdom of two separate fisheries as the only way to avoid repeated provocations. Meanwhile in the House of Commons, Lord Howick, the under-secretary for the colonies, announced the govemment's dilatory dictum: "It should be recollected that the right to fish [on the treaty shore] was disputed by the French, and the treaty of 1783, and the declaration which was made subsequently, in consequence of that treaty, rendered it extremely doubtful that the English possessed any such right. At all events, the question was still a matter of doubt; and while it remained undecided, the Government could not act as ... desired." 17 Such counsel afforded no backing to the colony, and without physical and moral support it did not possess a ghost of a chance to assert a concurrent fishery in the face of French fishermen, who filled all the worth-while harbours and fished all the possible fishing grounds. For the nonce the initiative was with the French. Slightly more than a month before Lord Howick's statement in the House of Commons, Talleyrand had written to Loi d Palmerston claiming that "la France a un droit de pecherie dans un espace determine des cotes de l'isle de Terre-Neuve, que ce droit est exclusif et que par consequent ii ne peut eprouver aucune concurrence de la part des armateurs Anglais ...." 18 Thus, by 1832 when Newfoundland was granted representative government, the right which Vergennes had coveted, and against which Pitt had thundered, was appropriated by French armateurs. Like it or not, the treaty coast had become the "French shore."
CHAPTER TWO
THE FRENCH AND A NASCENT COLONY BY THE BEGINNING of the nineteenth century the settled parts of eastern Newfoundland had experienced a struggle of two centuries between the resident and the European transient, a contest which took place within the larger conflict among the powers of Europe for control of this cod-bound island. In 1815 all but the formalities were over, and under the British Crown the settlers' triumph was conceded. The transient did not completely disappear, but he was no longer the favoured ward of official policy; law, order, and good government were introduced in the place of naval feudalism. Those who owned or rented small boats fit only for the shore fishery could not each autumn return in them to Europe; therefore they remained and gradually inherited the island and the adjoining sea. Between Cape St. John passing by the south and Cape Ray, the coast and the settlers were subject to the undisputed sovereignty of Britain, but soon Englishmen, Irishmen, Scots, and French called themselves Newfoundlanders. The victory of the colonists was geographically limited, and the mark of circumscription was set upon all their progress throughout the nineteenth century. From Cape St. John, passing by the north to Cape Ray, according to article 13 of the Treaty of Utrecht, the coast was also British, but in practice this sovereignty was hedged about by concessions imposed by agreements with France and the United States of America. Squatters, unwanted by Britain and France, came to live upon that long shore, where for decades they had no government, law, or organized social life. In fact, as far as different times and divergent circumstances allow, the old contests began all over again. Population on the treaty shore, during the period of this chapter, increased steadily until it was considerable enough to alter fundamentally the course of history envisaged in the agreements between Britain and France. For the full maintenance of French rights, and for a minimum of diplomatic friction between the two powers, an empty shore was a necessity, but the virtual absence of British authority, and the temporary absence of the French annually, allowed a persistent encroachment upon a coast which possessed several natural advantages. There were no organized scrambles for territory, no steady columns treking from the east, nor any railroads to rush the homesteaders to the empty places. The Newfoundlanders did not think in terms of waggons, horses, or steam trains, but in terms of boats and schooners. They did not move from valley to valley until the westward shore was reached but went bv sea in their craft and landed in convenient places, where they stayed if not molested. To the few trappers, Indians and odd men out, they bequeathed the interior, for they preferred to live mainly with their faces to the sea. Most of the western liveyers were born in Newfoundland, either on the treaty shore or in the older settlements of east and south. The remainder, like the older colonists, were a mixed lot from England, Ireland, Scotland, the Channel Islands,
26
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Nova Scotia, Quebec, St. Pierre, France, and even the American republic. Many of French stock have their descendants in the west today: the Blanchards, Le Blancs, Landrys, Benoits, and Cormiers. By the 1880's it was difficult to find on the entire shore an empty harbour, cove, bight, or arm in which there was not at least one family, but the greater concentrations grew on the west coast, along the Codroy Rivers, about St. George's Bay, among the Bay of Islands, up the reaches of the Humber River, and at Bonne Bay. At these places a new society began, developed, and reached its climax not as an Anglo-French condominium, nor as a colony independent and self-contained, but as an integrated part of the established colony of Newfoundland, although for a very long time the residents on the northeast coast, which was most frequented by the French, remained little more than winter keepers of French property. A glance at a late nineteenth-century map of the treaty coast will show how thoroughly the shore was settled, and reveal its Anglo-French legend. 1 At the turn of the English constitutional tide in 1832 the level of Newfoundland's government was raised and an assembly was granted; though perhaps the decline of her importance in Imperial considerations contributed to this more than the steady pressure of local interests. For a generation the advocates of constitutional change had argued and pamphleteered in favour of a local legislature, and against the diarchy of naval and mercantile administration. It was claimed that representation ought to be coexistent with taxation, a resident community could no longer be accommodated by laws devised for a transient fishery, and only a local parliament could adequately frame laws to meet the island's needs. The existing system of government denied to the colonists a voice in their welfare and the spending of their taxes; roads and bridges were needed to connect the outports with each other and St. John's, and lighthouses were needed to make coastal navigation safer; an increasing population required more than a fluctuating cod fishery to support it, and therefore agriculture and other resources in the island ought to be exploited. 2 The proclamation for summoning the assembly specified the several electoral districts but no part of the treaty coast was mentioned, though Cochrane's Commission and Instructions included the whole island and its dependencies. Two years later a local bill was passed to allow increased representation wherein one member was to be provided for the St. George's Bay area, but royal assent was withheld ostensibly because the British government wished to await the figures of the next census. The real reason, however, was Imperial objections to any representation of the treaty shore; this decision was concordant with the indeterminate British policy towards the nature of French rights between Cape Ray and Cape St. John, but so early in the legislature's existence it was not a pressing inconvenience. However, the new assembly did not suffer from many doubts about the Anglo-French treaties. Though legally obliged to recognize them, physically compelled to submit to French interpretations and suffer British vacillation, from the beginning it held to a policy which reduced French rights to a minimum. It was not long before that minimum was expressed in the words of Reeves, the first chief justice of Newfoundland, a man much honoured for his early espousal of the colonial cause, that the French had "nothing more than a license to come and go during the fishing season." A great deal of time passed before the new legislature spoke in an authoritative tone to the commissions ap-
THE FRENCH AND A NASCENT COLONY
27
pointed at intervals to seek a compromise, but the existence of a legislature was in itself a great advantage to the colonists. It was a centre around which opposition was rallied, and a meeting place in which views were expressed often unflattering to France and England. This sort of organized opposition, absent when the West Countrymen were the chief protagonists, was used with gradually increasing power and skill, though frequently without finesse. Guichard, in summing up his survey of the Newfoundland fisheries since the fifteenth century, declared that: "Cependent l'ile de Terre-Neuve prenait de jour en jour un plus grand essor. Sa population, accrue clans de notables proportions, se montra bientot exigeante: elle reclama du gouvernement britannique l'institution d'un Parlement, ce qui lui fut accorde en 1832. A partir de cette epoque commence une nouvelle phase de la question de Terre-Neuve." 3 Consequent upon questioning in the House of Commons in June 1832, Poulett Thomson, treasurer of the navy and vice-president of the Board of Trade, promised to take the opinion of the Law Officers on the subject of French rights in Newfoundland, but first the Board of Trade were consulted. Their conclusions, and consequent counter-opinions upon them, reveal the wavering condition of the British offical mind. Referring to the crucial negotiations for the agreements with France in 1783, the Board averred: "The fact seems scarcely disputable that, at that period of almost unexampled depression, Great Britain was induced to concede a very popular and favourite privilege, but that, shrinking from a public avowal of their own act, the British negotiators took the course of substituting an explanatory Declaration for an express Article in the Treaty." The Board's interpretation of the act of 1788 left no doubt about their views upon the nature of French rights. It "authorised his majesty to give such orders as he should deem necessary to fulfill the purposes of the Treaty and Declaration, and, if necessary to that end, to remove any works, for the purposes of the fishery, erected on that part of the coast . . . in question, and all ships and vessels belonging to the King's subjects to depart from thence." Further the "enactment was considered as a parliamentary command upon the Treaty and Declaration, and as affording evidence that the real meaning was to give to the French an exclusive right of fishery in which the British could not participate." Finally, the Board suspected that the government's reason for supporting the American contention of concurrent right to fish on ,the west coast was an attempt to secure a release from the promise which gave France the exclusive claim, because the American concurrent right, once recognized by France, would inferentially confer it on the British by reason of the wording of the Anglo-American treaties. In October 1836, the French ambassador in London, Count Sebastiani, again raised the claims of his government. He reminded Lord Palmerston of Talleyrand's letter of May 19, 1831, which contained earnest entreaty "contre la violation de notre droit exclusif de peche sur une certain portion de la cote de TerreNeuve," stated categorically that concurrence "est formellement interdite par la texte meme de la declaration annexee au traite du 3 Septembre 1783," and called for an immediate settlement. Once more the Foreign Office placed the problem before the Law Officers because "all the circumstances necessary for forming a conclusive opinion upon the question were not brought sufficiently under [their] notice ... upon the occasion on which the previous report was made." "All the circumstances necessary" referred to a thirty-two page memorandum of close
28
THE FRENCH SHORE PROBLEM IN NEWFOUNDLAND
reasoning prepared by Hertslet of the Foreign Office, and based on official correspondence concerning the several peace treaties with France dealing with the Newfoundland fisheries. Hertslet argued that the Board of Trade and the French ambassador had based their arguments on the interpretation of the Treaty of Versailles and the declaration of 1783, and not upon the intention of the British government at the time (which still remained the opinion of the Foreign Office), which was to give the French an uninterrupted fishery without specifically denying the concurrent right of the British, obviously implicit in Britain's sovereignty. For France to assert that Britain had granted her an exclusive right in 1783 was to accuse her of bad faith with the United States, for on the same day that France supposedly received exclusive rights, the Americans were granted concurrence on a similar shore alongside British subjects. The French had the shore practically to themselves, and so far their treaty rights had not been called in question, so why not remain quiet? "The reason is obvious. They think that the moment is favourable for obtaining a recognition of their pretention, and they fear that there may be a danger in delay." The British government, he went on, had themselves to blame for the "favourable moment," because every occurrence in England which had a bearing on the question had encouraged French confidence; the continuation of restrictions against British subjects on the treaty coast after 1815 even though the declaration of 1783 and the act of 1788 were annulled by war; the repeated refusals given to applications to allow British subjects to fish on the shore; the act of 1824 which virtually resurrected the act of 1788; the debates in the Commons from which it was inferred the British government declined to accede to the above applications because compliance might be incompatible with French engagements; and finally the tacit submission to French assertion of legal authority within a territory under British jurisdiction. Hertslet concluded that France had never been given an exclusive right, though a concurrent fishery might be impracticable. The influence of Hertslet's reasoning was revealed in the second report of the Law Officers, sent to Palmerston on April 17, 1837. This admitted that the previous report had gone beyond the point warranted by circumstances, and repeated the opinion that Great Britain, on the basis of past treaties and acts of Parliament, was bound to permit the French to fish on the treaty coast without interruption; but the following awkward qualification was added: "If there were really good room within the limits of the District in question, for the Fishermen of both Nations to fish without interfering with each other, then we do not think that this country would be bound to prevent Her subjects from fishing there. It appears, however . . . that this is hardly practicable, and we are of the opinion that according to the true construction of the Treaty and Declaration, British subjects are precluded from fishing, if they thereby cause any interruption to the French fishery." By implication this report seemed to support the policy of separation, which if put into effect would endorse French claims to an exclusive fishery in practice if not in principle. Yet, with one hand on the Law Officers' report and the other on Hertslet's memorandum, Lord Palmerston delivered to France the least indefinite pronunciamento upon the nature of French and British rights on the treaty coast that had thus far come from the pen of a responsible minister:
THE FRENCH AND A NASCENT COLONY
29
It is true that the privilege secured to the fishermen of France by the Treaty and Declaration of 1783, a privilege which consists in the periodical use of a part of the shore of Newfoundland, for the purpose of drying their fish, has in practice been treated by the British Government as an exclusive right during the fishing season, and within the limits prescribed; because, from the nature of the case, it would scarcely be possible for British fishermen to dry their fish upon the same parts of the shore with the French fishermen without interfering with the temporary establishments of the French for the same purpose, and without interrupting their operations. But the British Government has never understood the Declaration to have for its object to deprive the British subjects of the right to participate with the French in taking fish at sea, off that shore, provided they did so without interrupting the French cod fishery; and, although in accordance with the true spirit of the Treaty and Declaration of 1783, prohibitory proclamations have been from time to time issued, on occasions when it has been found that British subjects, while fishing within the limits in question have caused interruption to the French fishery, yet in none of the public documents of the British Government, neither in the Act of Parliament of 1788, passed for the express purpose of carrying the Treaty of 1783 into effect; nor in any of the instructions issued by the Admiralty and the Colonial Office; nor in any proclamation which has come under my view, issued by the Government of
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List of Stray Births Marriages & Deaths in other Parish Registers
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DATE NAME [s] PARISH or Source 04 Oct 1593 MARRIAGE:- Parish 'Wedding' Register Anno 1593: the iiijth of October Maximillian MOONE [MOHUN] Gent unto Anne CHURCHELL [CHURCHILL] daughter of John CHURCHELL of Corton Gent Marriages Portesham image ancestry.com 30 Jan 1597 MARRIAGE:- Elizabetha LAMBERD nupta fuit [she was married [to] Thomas SKILLARD de [of] Dorchester tricesimo [30th] ensde [then - in the] mensis [month of ] January Marriages Steeple image ancestry.com image 17 of 90 26 Sep 1597 BURIAL:- Thomas, the sonne of Laurence EVANS of Dorchester was buried the 26 of Septembr Burials Owermoigne Dorset Ancestry.com image 28 of 123 C 1599 MARRIAGE: Between John MELLEDGE and UNKNOWN
None of the following 11 bapotisms give his wifes name: Known Children:-
(1) Sarah Melledge (1622-aft 1622) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 1st Mar 1600/1 Sarah marries Samuel CARPENTER at Holy Trinity Church on 19th Nov 1622
(2) John Melledge (1602-1604) bap HT 15th Apr 1602 and buried there 27th May 1604
(3) Jane Melledge (1603-1605) bap HT 4th Sep 1603 and buried there 5th May 1605
(4) Mary Melledge bap HT 29th Nov 1604
(5) Mathias Melledge (1605/6- aft 1635) - bap HT 24th Feb 1605/6; he married 7th Sep 1635 to Bathsheba WILLIAMS at Hilton in Dorset
(6) Michaes Melledge bap HT 19th Mar 1606/7
(7) Ann Melledge bap HT 26th Jun 1608
(8) Martha Melledge bap HT 27th Aug 1609
(9) Johnson Melledge bap HT 7th Feb 1610/11
(10) Ruth Melledge (1612/3-aft 1644) Bap HT 24th Jan 1612/13 Ruth's marriage is in William Whiteways Diary page 145; she married at Holy Trinity Church to William BROWNE on the 7th June 1634. Follow link for information on their 5 children.
(11) Joan Melledge bap HT 4th Apr 1616
Unknown: possibly at St Peters Church (or All Saints) both in Dorchester where parish registers have not survived prior to 1653.
27 Dec 1607 BAPTISM:- "Johes White, filius Johis White Clerk, Rector of Dorchester in Com Dorset natus vicesimo primo, baptizatus fuit 27o Decembris". [John White son of John White Clerk, Rector of Dorchester born 21st, baptised 27th December ] Baptisms Stockton Wiltshire Parish Register 21 Jan 1608 MARRIAGES in the Parish Church at Charminster Dorset in the year 1607: The xxjth [21st] of January were married Bartholomew CRADOCK of Dorchester groser [grocer] & Katheren HARBEN the daughter of Mr William HARBIN of Charminster Anno et Supra [ in the year above ] Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 43 of 129 11 May 1610 MARRIAGE:- City of London St Margaret Moses, Little Friday Street in the year 1610 : Henry LEE of Dorchester -- Susan WATTS of the Same T Higgins M10 Marriages St Margaret Moses, Friday St, London * Harleian Soc, Vol 42, 1912 OPC Starys Project - Ancestry.com image 156 of 242 04 July 1610 MARRIAGE:- SIDNEY, Thomas of St Clement Danes, tailor, and Mary YATES of St Andrew Hoborn, spinster, daughter of John YATES of St Peter's Parish in Dorchester, clothier ---at Andrew-in-the-Wardrobe, London 4th July 1610 B London Marriage Licences 1521-1869 Edited by Joseph Foster Published by Wyman and Sons Printers, Great Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields London W.C. Ancestry.com image 636 of 859 27 Apr 1613 BURIAL:- James GOLD [GOULD] of Dorchester Clothier buried [Note:- James GOULD (d.1613) husband of Joane GOULD (1549-1630) nee LEDDOZ] both of Dorchester] Burials Bath Abbey Ancestry.com Image (188) 19 Apr 1615 MARRIAGE:- "Dorset Parish Registers Beaminster- Marriages" Vol 3. edited by W. P. W. Phillimore and Edmund Nevill and published in 1908 show that William DERBY & Marie BRODESTOCKE married 19-Apr 1615 in Beaminster.
[Note:- William DERBY was from Dorchester and an investor in the Dorchester Company - follow link - Mary BRADSTOCKE was the daughter of Joseph BRADSTOCKE of Witchampton by his wife Emma BROWNING See Visitation of Dorset 1623 page 20. Children:-
(1) Joseph Derby (1616? - Aft 1669? ) Educated at Magdalen Hall Oxford where he matriculated on 29th March 1639 aged 17; May have gone on to Inner Temple 1648; he married Joane COOKE at Thorncombe in Dorset on 1st January 1651/2 and raised a family of six children. He was elected town clerk of Dorchester on 12th Dec 1656. On the 10th May 1660 Charles II was proclaimed at Dorchester and the Mayor John Daniell made a short speech. He was followed by Joseph Derby still Town Clerk. David Underdown in his book about Dorchester 'Fire from Heaven' on page 231 states " He looked back over the 'world of confusions' from which they had just escaped, the strange and ...unheard of government's that had wasted our treasure and much precious blood in the nation'. He then proclaimed Charles II, adding a prayer that his throne might be 'established in righteousness'. There were loud cheers, and the gathering dispersed. Joseph appears to have been alive in 1669 as a conveyance survives at the National Archives (DD/X/WA/22) regarding his part interest in a copyhold tenement in Brockhampton in the parish of Buckland Abbas [now known as Buckland Newton] Dorset called Bewley Wood where his father William Derby with others had purchased the "fee simple" which presumably descended to him on the death of his father in 1649.
(2) Mary Derby (1617 - 1618) baptised at Holy Trinity church Dorchester on 30th Dec 1617 and buried there on 24th April 1618
(3) Elizabeth Derby (1620 - ? ) baptised at Holy Trinity Church on 28th June 1620
(4) Mary Derby (c1622? - ?) according to the 1634 Visitation of Hampshire she married John WHITE (1615-1659/60) the son of Rev. Josias White BD (c.1573 - 1622/3) the brother of Rev John WHITE (1575-1648) . On pages 391/392 of The Rev White's Biography by Rose Troup she states that " John WHITE, second son of Josias, a "merchant adventurer" in Dorchester, married before 1634, Mary, daughter of William DERBY, and removed to London. I have already speculated that Mary's marriage may in fact have been after 1634 as I think Rose Troup, not unreasonably, relied on the date of the Visitation. Regarding her husband Rose Troup refers to "He brought an action against Robert and John Whetcombe, the former having been a member of the Dorchester Company, for goods supplied while he was a merchant adventurer in Dorchester ". I have not located this case but it presumably confirms that they now live in London.
Marriages Beaminster Dorset Ancestry.com images 435 of 778 01 Aug 1619 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Charminster Dorset :"Anno Domini 1619 : i [1st] of August was married Willm COLLIS of Dorchester in [the] pish [parish] of All Saints & Christian SHERWING his wife [Note:- Other marriages in this parish have the surname spelt differently as [SHERWIN and SHERING] - There is a Will for a Thomas SHERRING of Charminster dated 1660 PROB 11:303] Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 44 of 129 16 Jan 1620 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Charminster Dorset :"Anno Domini 1620 : The 16 of Januarie was Married John BLICKE and Julian LOOIES? [LEWIS?] of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 44 of 129 22 Aug 1620 MARRIAGE:-In the Parish Church at Winfrith Newburgh Dorset :- John MELLEDG of Dorchester & Margaret EYRES of the same were married the xxijth [i.e.22nd] Day of Augusta 1620 Marriages Winfrith Newburgh Ancestry.com image 23 of 269 30 Nov 1620 MARRIAGE:-In the Parish church at Melcombe Regis Dorset under the year "1620" - Joseph MAUNDERS of Dorchester & Mary COXE of this pish [i.e. parish] were married ------30. November Marriages St Marys Melcombe Regis Ancestry.com image 735 of 759 15 July 1622 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Lyndlinch Dorset under the year "Ao: [i.e.Anno Domini] 1622 : Thomas WALTHAM of Weymouth & Melcombe Regis & Jone HORSEFORD married July 15:" [Note:- Joane Horsford came from Dorchester see page 46 of William Whiteways diary. She was probably the widow of William HORSFORDE Alderman & Capital Burgess of Dorchester but he had a daughter named Joane as well] Marriages Lyndlinch Dorset Ancestry.com image 30 of 119 04 Feb 1621/22 MARRIAGE in the Parich Church at Melcombe Regis Dorset under the year "1621" - Thomas HYETT of Dorchester and Joane RUSSELL of this pish [i.e.parish] ----- 04 February ]. Marriages St Marys Melcombe Regis OPC - CLDS Film 002427538 - Ancestry.com image 736 of 759 As at 1623 MARRIAGE:- Margaret the daughter of Alexander BUCKLER & Margery MARTIN of Woolcombe Matravers married to Matthew CHUBB of Dorchester; Thomas BUCKLER of Dorchester married to Margery dau of John HICHCOCK of Blounts Court Wiltshire; Edmund BUCKLER of Dorchester living in 1623 married to Margaret dau of Thomas CHAPMAN of Waland Dorset Marriage 1623 Visitation Dorset page 24 16 Aug 1623 MARRIAGE:- Rich Blechford [BLACHFORD] of Dorchester & Elinor WATERTON of Newport sp, at Fordingbridge, 16 Aug 1623. [Note:- Richard Blachford (c1601-1635) was the son of Richard BLACHFORD (c1570-1652) of Dorchester and Frances Comes of Ashmore ] Hampshire: - Marriage Licences Extracted records ancestry.com 04 Oct 1626 MARRIAGE:- "October 1626: The iiij daye were John BUSHRODE and <...> TILSED married" (the Bishops Transcripts have a hole in the paper exactly where the brides Christian name would have been. I am grateful to Kim Tilsed for alerting me to this record as parish registers have not survived :-Kim also comments " In the 1626 Will of Christain Tilsed née Gould, thought to be the widow of Roger Tilsed:" there is mention of "...my daughter Mary Bushrode..." Christian's Will is preserved at the Archives in Wiltshire and the relevent entry states "Item I give unto Anne Clench & Mary Bushrode my daughters all my linen equally to be divided & the rest of my apparel not form erly given" . Marriages Bere Regis : Bishops Transcripts CLDS Film 1279480: 11 Jan 1626 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Cattistock Humpherey JOYLIFFE, gent., of Dorchester, and Christian FFOY were married the 11th day of January 1626
[ Humphrey JOLIFFE (1575-1653) Lawyer of Dorchester and Investor in the Dorchester Co. Settled in Holy Trinity Parish Dorchester and had 9 children - listed below. Humphrey is said to have died in 1653 leaving Christian Joliffe a widow who was buried at HT Church Dorchester on 30th June 1663:-
(1) Elizabeth Joliffe (1628-1628) bap HT 27 Aug 1628 , and buried there on 13 Sep 1628
(2) Christian Joliffe(1630-1630) bap HT 25th Nov 1630 and buried there on 26th Nov 1630
(3) Henry Joliffe bap HT 31 Jan 1632/3 and buried there 14th Mar 1633/4
(4) Christian Joliffe bap 25th May 1634
(5) Elizabeth bap HT 6 Sep 1635 married Mr Richard Russell at Ht 1st Sep 1663
(6) Edith Joliffe bap HT 20 Feb 1636/7
(7) Humphrey Joliffe bap HT 15 Apr 1638 and buried there 16th Mar 1638/9
(8) John Joliffe bap HT 10 May 1640 and buried there 10 May 1642
(9) Mary Joliffe bap HT 12 Dec 1641 and buried there July 1645 ]
Marriages Cattistock OPC + Image Ancestry.com 7 of 237 02 Jan 1627/8 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church ay Lyndlinch Dorset under the year "1626" :- John DASHWOOD of Dorchester & Susanna ROMAINE marr:[married] Jan: 2: Marriages Lyndlinch Dorset Ancestry.com image 32 of 119 04 Feb 1627 BURIAL:- Widow EDDES of Dorchester Burials Chardstock Historical Record Group 29 Mar 1627 MARRIAGE: at St Michael's Church Stinsford - 1627 29th March between Rinaldo [Renaldo] KNAPTON and Cassandra SPARROWE
[Note:- Renaldo KNAPTON Junior (1602- 1666/7) was baptised in the parish church of St Mary the Virgin at Gillingham in Dorset on 21st March 1602, the son and heir of Renaldo KNAPTON Senior (1570-1641) and Bridget MUSSELL. Cassandra SPARROW (c1602-1680) was the daughter of Thomas SPARROW (died 1629) who had been Keeper of the Dorchester Gaol (situated in All Saints Parish) since some time prior to 1614 and appears to have continued in that capacity until 1626 when he retired and Thomas Devenish (c1589-aft 1638) took over. We know Cassandra's mother's name was Judith from an entry dated 23 Dec 1615 in Sir Francis Ashley's Casebook when she gave evidence and that Cassandra was granted a letter of administration for her father's estate on 9th May 1629 which opresumably means Judith had already died. Her parents would have been buried at All Saints where parish registers prior to 1653 have not survived. Follow links for more information.]
Marriages Stinsford ancestry.com image of copy of register names available on line. late 1629 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Bridport Dorchester Between William MELEDGE [MELLEDGE] of Dorchester and Elizabeth CHARDE
[Note:- William MELLEDGE (bur.1654) died in St Peters Parish Dorchester and was buried at the church on 04 Dec 1654. He left a Will dated 28th Nov 1654 which was proved by his widow, relict and executrix Elizabeth MELLEDGE on 14 Aug 1655. His widow Elizabeth was also buried at St Peters on 22nd May 1687 and also left a Will dated 16th May 1687 which was proved by her Son-in-law John BARTLETT on 21st June 1687. Children:-
(1) Sarah MELLEDGE (1639-1670) born circa 1630 : Sarah married to Richard CHENEY circa 1656 and was buried at St Peters on 30th Oct 1670. Elizabeth in her Will refers to her grandchildren by Richard CHENEY as William and Richard:-
(1) William Cheney baptised at St Peters on 18th Mar 1657/8
(2) Richard Cheney born on 11th April he was baptised at St Peters Church on 14th Apr 1661
(2) Martha MELLEDGE (1632-aft1687) born circa 1632 : Martha married John BARTLETT at St Peters Church on 14th Feb 1655 just over 2 months after her father died. Follow link for more information.
(3) Mary MELLEDGE (1636-aft 1687) born circa 1636 : Mary married Unknown BROWNE before 1687
(4) Elizabeth MELLEDGE (1638-1694) born circa 1638 : Elizabeth remained a spinster and was the main beneficiary under her mothers Will in 1687. She was buried at St Peters Church on 9th April 1694. ]
Marriages Bridport Dorset Ancestry.com 64 of 1315 30 Oct 1629 MARRIAGE:- Henry BLACHFORD of Dorchester and Mary BIRD of Southampton a spinster were married at St Lawrence Church Southampton 30th Oct 1629 [Actual Entry:- Hy Blashford of Dorchester & Mary Byrd of Southton sp, at St Lawr Southton, 30 Oct 1629] Hampshire Marriage Licences 1607-1640 Extracted Parish record See Ancestry.com 14 Sep 1630 MARRIAGE:- 14th September 1630 - Richard CHURCHELL [CHURCHILL] was married to Edith BLATCHFORD
[RICHARD CHURCHILL (abt 1602-1672) Note:-according to William Whiteway's Diary Richard Churchill married Edith Blatchford in Dorchester (probably St Peters) on 14th Sep 1630. Edith Blachford (c1613-1670/1) was the 8th child from the marriage of Richard Blatchford to Frances Combes of Ashmore c1597 whose pedigree and this union with Richard Churchill is recorded in the Visitation of London taken in 1633 (follow link to Edith for image). Richard was the third eldest son of John CHURCHILL (1568-1621) Esq by his wife Eleanor MELLER [MILLER](c1571-1641). Richard received a bequest from his mother in 1641 of �10. Also that year, described as a woollen draper of Dorchester, he was granted administration of the estate of John HARDY of Beaminster as he owed him money. He was elected Bailiff of Dorchester in 1662/3 and again in 1668/9 and Alderman on 13th Dec 1667. Edith was buried at St Peters on 10th March 1670/1 folowed by her husband Richard on 17th April 1672. Richard left a will in which his bequests were to their 4 surviving children Sarah, Richard, John and Willian Churchill.
Children:- [Link to more information about these 4 children]
(1) Sarah Churchill (1631-1716) born circa 1631, remained a spinster and was buried at St Peters Church Dorchester on 13 Mar 1716/7; main beneficiary under her brother Richard's will in 1713/14.
(2) Richard Churchill (c1633-1713/14) Son and heir, follow above link
(3) John Churchill (c1635-1695) His will is dated 17th Feb 1691/2 and was read to him again before witnesses on 14 Nov 1695 shortly before he died. He was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 23 Dec 1695 and the will proved 8th Apr 1697.
(4) William Churchill c 1637
Marriage Dorchester - William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 112 - Dorset Record Society published 1991 16 Jan 1631 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Charminster in the "Year 1631" The 16 day of Januarie was married Henry EDWARDS & Magdalen LAMBERT of Dorchester married 16th Jan 1631
[Note:-* 'Dorset Registers Marriages Volume 2 edited by WP Philimore & Edmund Nevill' confirms his name as 'Henry EDWARDS' but it is not very clear on Ancestry's image. His Christian name is the last word on the first line of their marriage entry after the word 'Married' but his Surname is written above the line, more or less in line with the year '1631'. Magdalen LAMBERT (1606-Aft 1633) was baptised on 13th Dec 1606 at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester the second of eight children of Robert LAMBERT, which makes her about 25 years old, the average age at which women married in Dorchester. They had a son Robert Edwards baptised at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester ]
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com imge 45 of 129 25 Mar 1633 BURIAL:- Samuel son of John LONG of Dorchester was buried at Long Burton buried 25-Mar 1633 [PR&BT] Burials Longburton Dorset Ancestry.com image 25 of 170 30 Sep 1633 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Charminster in the "Year 1633" The 30o day of September was married Willa [William] sonn of Sir John PAWLE [Powle?] Knight Baronett of Colliston, the one pty [party] and Grace daughter unto Sir Thomas TRENCHARD of Wolverton and Lady Elizabeth
[Note:- TRENCHARD, Sir Thomas (1582-c.1652), of Wolveton - Grace was one of his 7 daughters.] Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 45 of 129 - Also 'Dorset Registers Marriages Volume 2 edited by WP Philimore & Edmund Nevill' 29 Nov 1633 MARRIAGE:- In the parish Church at Abbotsbury under the year "Anno Doni: 1633" November xxxix [29th] - Richard CHURCHILL and Anne PORTER were married on the xxxixth day of November being then a Friday Anno Domini 1633
[Note:- Abbotsbury lies abt 10 miles ssw of Dorchester, it's nearest market town. There are no surviving marriages in Dorchester until the 19th century for a Richard Churchill (but see date 14th Sep 1630 above) there are however baptisms there in the 17c. Records are poor because of the civil war 1642-1651 only a few bishops transcripts for Fordington survive prior to 1664 for the period 1577 to 1639. Those for 1629, 1632, 1634, 1636 are also missing. No records survive for All Saints or St Peters only Holy Trinity covering this period so it is not possibly to trace a consistent line back through this time. There are 4 unaccounted for baptisms however, 2 in Fordington and 2 in Dorchester HT, which record children none of the four being the children of Richard & Edith marriage in 1630.
Marriages Abbotsbury Ancestry.com image 65 of 245 26 Jul 1635 MARRIAGE:- "1635" - - The 26 day of July was M [married] Edward WINGATE of Dorchester & Elizabeth HARBIN Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com imag 45 of 129 16 Apr 1637 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at LongBredy Dorset under the year "1637" - Robert CORBEN [CORBIN] of Dorchester & Mary MOTYER alias FRANCIS were marryed Ap: 16 1637 Marriages Longbredy Dorset Ancestry.com image 4 of 130 6 Jun 1637 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at LongBredy Dorset under the year "1637" - Atia? [Ancestry have indexed as 'Tha' TUCKER] TUCKRE [TUCKER] of Dorchester & Joan BELLOT [or BALLOT] were marryed Jun: 6 1637 Marriages Longbredy Dorset Ancestry.com image 4 of 130 26 Nov 1639 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Idmiston Wiltshire under the year "Anno Domini 1639" - Mr. Nathaniel BURY of Dorchester (Dorset) was married to Mrs Anne SHARPE of Idmisron the 26 of Novemb. [Note:- Nathaniel Bury was admitted to the Company of Freemen in Dorchester 03 Jan 1632/3 an apothecary apprenticed to his father likely to be Richard Bury (c1584 - 1661) grocer and apothecary of Dorchester] Marriages Idmiston Wiltshire Ancestry.com image 59 of 92 13 Aug 1643 BAPTISM:- In the Parish Church at East Lulworth Dorset under heading " Anno: Dom: 1643" Judeth the daughter of Richard LACIE of Dorchester & Margerye his wife was baptized att East Lulworth August the 13th 1643 Baptisms East Lulworth Dporset Ancestry.com image 5 of 97 22 May 1647 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Lyndlinch Dorset under the year "1647" - John ALAMBRIDGE of Dorchester & Rebecca GIEAR of Weymouth & Melcomb Regis marry: May 22 Marriages Lyndlinch Dorset Ancestry.com image 40 of 119 24 Oct 1648 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Sherborne under the Entry "October 1648" - 24 Robert SOUTH of Dorchester & Ann PHILLIPS of Sherborne Nupt [married] Marriages Sherborne Dorset Ancestry.com image 471 of 834 c1651 MARRIAGE: circa 1651 between ADAM SMITH of Holy Trinity Parish in Dorchester and Elizabeth (Unknown)
The year 1651 is significant for two reasons. First it marks the official end of the devastating Civil War in Britain which lasted from 1642 to 1651. With many Soldiers settling down or returning home to raise families 1650/1651 saw many marriages of which Adam SMITH's was perhaps typical. Secondly the most likely place they would have married was St Peters in Dorchester where the parish registers were all destroyed during the war, as were those for All Saints church further down High East Street. All we know for sure is that they did not marry in his parish of Holy Trinity (which lies only 4 buildings away from St Peters) on High West Street or St Georges Church in nearby Fordington where records still survive.
Adam SMITH (bur.1708) & Elizabeth SMITH nee Unknown (bur.1701) What we do know is that they raised a family of 5 children on Dorchester's High West Street as listed below. We also know that Elizabeth recorded in the burial register as the wife of Adam SMITH was buried at Holy Trinity Church on 2nd Oct 1701 followed by Adam on 17th Oct 1708. :-
(1) John SMITH (1652- ?) baptised at Holy Trinity Church on 11th Aug 1652, he later married Elizabeth LINDSFIELD at Winterborne St Martin in Dorset on 24th June 1685. Follow link for more information about his family
(2) Anne SMITH (1654-1655) baptised at St Peters Church on 14th March 1654/5 aged 9 days old and buried there 24th April 1655
(3) Stephen [Stephanus] SMITH (1656- aft 1717?) baptised St Peters Church 4th May 1656 aged 3 weeks. May be the Stephanus SMITH of Dorchester a Brazier by trade who is mentioned in the Dorset Quarter Sessions Records Plea Books at the quarter sessions held at Blandford 14th Jan 1717
(4) Adam SMITH (1657-1659) baptised at Holy Trinity Church on 14th February 1657/8 aged 3 weeks and buried St Peters Church Dorchester 2nd Jan 1659/60
(5) Elizabeth SMITH baptised at Holy Trinity Church 22nd Aug 1664.
Marriage Parish unknown 1 Jan 1651/2 MARRIAGE:- 1651 : Joseph DARBY [DERBY] & Joane COOK Jan 1: [Note:- Although no other information provided in the parish register Joseph DERBY is the son of William DERBY (1588-1649) of Dorchester. Joseph and Joane settled in his parish of St Peters in Dorchester and raised the following children before Joane died and was buried at StP on 2nd Oct 1663. Given that their son John was baptised 5 months after her death it may be that he was born earlier and that she died from complications at childbirth. Joseph DERBY then remarried to Mary GENGE at Winterborne St Martin on 18th May 1664. She died and was also buried at St Peters on 24th April 1668.
(1) William Derby (1653-1690) bap StP 29th Jan 1653/4 may have been buried at St Peters 19th Sep 1690
(2) Jopseph Derby (1655-1665) born in Jan 1655/6 he was bap StP 3rd Feb 1655/6 and buried there 26th June 1665
(3) Mary Derby born 27th Dec 1658 she was bap StP 18 Jan 1658/9
(4) Hannah Derby bap StP 14th apr 1661
(5) John Derby bap StP 26 Feb 1663/4
Marraiges Thorncombe Dorset Ancestry.com image 119 of 393 15 Nov 1652 MARRIAGE:- 15 Nov Thomas HARDY born in Beaminster, living in St.Peter's Dorchester & Edith MEADE at Wooll [Note:- Register not imaged by Ancestry.com] Marriages Combe Keynes OPC Transciption 15 May 1654 MARRIAGE:- "1654" - - Was married John HARBIN and Mary MOTTER of Dorchester the 15 day of May Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 17 Apr 1655 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church ay Frampton Dorset under the year "Anno 1655" - Robert GILL of Dorchester in Peters pish [i.e. St Peters Parish] & Elizabeth SAMWAYES of Fframpton their purpose of marriage was published the first tyme first Aprill, the Second tyme the Eigth Aprill the third and last time tyme the 15th of Aprill and were Maried 17thof Aprill Marriages Frampton Dorset Ancestry.com Image 25 of 219 12 Nov 1655 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Cene Abbas Dorset - Georg PETTY of Dorchester and Prudence PRESDEY of Cerne Abbas being three tymes published in the open congregation with consent of parents and no other opposition were married the 12 of November 1655 before us John Arnold Justice of peace & me Robert Talbot Registor Marriages Cerne Abbas Dorset Ancestry.com image 82 of 175 26 Dec 1655 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Lyme Regis under the year "1655" : 26 December Mr John TURNER of Lime [Lyme Regis] and Mrs. Mary KING of Dorchester were published thre[e] severall Lords dayes [i.e.Sundays] in the church & me Ffrancis Wells Regestr Marriages Lyme Regis Dorset Ancestry.com image 256 of 380 1 July 1656 MARRIAGE: in the City of London in the Parish of St Benet Fink -- July the 1st 1656 was Maryed William CHURCHILL of Dorchester & Elizabeth AUNSHAM [AWNSHAM] of the parish of Mathews Ffriday street London
William CHURCHILL (1628-1706) and Elizabeth nee AWNSHAM (1630-1714) After marriage William & Elizabeth lived in Dorchester where he traded as a bookseller and raised the family shown below:- [Link to transcription of his Monumental Inscription in St Peters Church Dorchester and original latin inscription by John Hutchins].William Churchill was buried at St Peters Church on 23 Jul 1706. His wife Elizabeth nee Awnsham the daughter of Nicholas Awnsham od Isleworth in Middlesex died 20th June 1714 aged 84.
(1) Elizabeth Churchill bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 15 May 1657, described as of Henbury
(2) Awnsham Churchill (1658-1728) of 'Henbury' was born 2nd May 1658 and bap St Peters Church in Dorchester on 9th same month. See Dict Nat Biography pages 307/8 remained a bachelor, bookseller in partnership with his brother John at the Black Swan London from 1665; Was stationer to the king and the leading bookseller of his day. He amassed a considerable fortune and was able to purchase in 1704 the Manor of Higher Henrbury, and that of West Riding in 1723; He was made a Freeman of Dorchester on 07 May 1704 and donated 10 guineas to the corporation. MP for Dorchester 1705-10. Died unmarried on 24th April 1728 and his brother John succeeded to his estate. Link to Biography History of Parliament Site. Left a long Will, described as being of Henbury (Manor) in the parish of Sturminster Marshall in Dorset with many bequests mainly to nephews and nieces and left his estates to his brother John
(3) Mary Churchill (1659-1713) born 21st Dec 1659 and bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 8th Jan 1659/60 and buried there 11 Aug 1713. A letter of administration was granted 02 Oct 1713 to her brother Awnsham Churchill, Elizabeth CHURCHILL, mother, renouncing
(4) William Churchill (1661-1737) born 10th Aug 1661 and bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 11th Aug 1661, bookseller, bookbinder and stationer to the crown; he married Rose, the daughter of John Sayer of Woodbridge, Suffolk.-- later of Dalingho, Suffolk; left £100 in his brother Awnsham's will in 1728
(5) John Churchill born 22nd Apr and bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 19th May 1663 - of London Bookseller with his brother Awnsham see above - inherited his brother Awsham's estates at Henrbury 1728 etc. his wife Mary left an annuity by Awnsham.
(6) Joshua Churchill (1664-1720) bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 03 Mar 1664/5 described as of Gussage (All Saints) See will dated 22nd Dec 1720 (proved 27 Feb 1720 PROB 11/578) in which he asks to be buried at Sturminster Marshall if his brother Awnsham has provided a family vault there or at Gussage All Saints. He is in fact interred at Sturminster on 6th Jan 1720. He also leaves £50 each to brothers Awnsham and William and sisters Sarah Peach and Susannah Castle. £200 to his niece Susannah Castle and nephew John Peach £200; £20 each to all other nephews and nieces;To John Clark of of New Sarum Wilts and Joseph Damer of Dorchester £20 each; To Anne Hunt housekeeper £10; John Tibbs servant £10; To rest of my servants half a years wages extra; Rest to Nephew and Godson Joshua CHURCHILL now an infant; if he died to nephew Awnsham Churchill now an infant; if he dies to nephew William Churchill of St Margaret's Westminster; or if want of issue to my own right heirs; Brothers Awnsham and William with John Clarke and Joseph Damer appointed joint executors
(7) Jane Churchill (1666-aft 1728) bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 20 Oct 1666 - Described as being of St Martins Ludgate London she married Alexander Geeky of the parish of St Bridget London on 28 Nov 1689 at Saint Benedict Fink Church London (where her parents married) - bequests of £100 each to her six children in her brother Awnsham's will in 1728
(?) Sarah Churchill (c.1668- aft 1728) reference is on the memorial and brother Joshua Churchill's will of 1720 where referred to as his sister Sarah PEACH ?
(8) Susannah Churchill (1670-aft 1728) bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 11 Sep 1670 - She married Edward Castle on 24th Dec 1695 at Saint Benedict Fink Church London -- left £500 in her brother Awnsham's will in 1728 + an annuity with more bequest to her children
(9) Richard Churchill (1674-1675) bap St Peters Church in Dorchester 27 Sep 1674 - died in infancy being buried at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 23rd Sep 1675.
Marriages : City of London St Benet Fink -- Ancestry.com image 14 of 130 30 Dec 1656 BAPTISM:- 30 Dec 1656 Elizabeth daughter of Samuel PERIN of Dorchester Baptisms Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image 84 of 133 28 July 1657 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Frampton Dorset under the heading "Anno 1657":- John CHAFFEY of Dorchester and Dorothy POPE of this parish were married ye 28th of July Marriages Frampton Dorset Ancestry.com image 26 of 219 22 Sep 1657 MARRIAGE:- "1657" - - The 22 of September was marryed William BARTLETT of All Saints in Dorchester & Cisly HARBIN [Note:- This marriage also took place at All Saints Church in Dorchester on the same day. Sissillia the wife of William BARTLET was buried at All Saints church on the 12 of July 1663]. Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 1658 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Lyme Regis under the year "1658" : Benjamin HOSKINS of Dorchester & Rose ADAMS of Lime [i.e. Lyme Regis] were married by Mr Gabrill [Gabriel] West justis of the peace the 16th of November in the presence of these wittnesses John Hachwood ; John Long Marriages Lyme Regis Dorset Ancestry.com image 261 of 380 03 Jun 1658 MARRIAGE:-in the Parish Church of St Mary's at Odstock Wiltshire:- Anno Dominj 1658 : Henry BUSHROD of Dorchester in the County of Dorset and Ann GORE of ye same were marryed in this parish upon the third day of June 1658 their purpose of marriage having been three several market days published in the market place at Dorchester aforesaidbetween the hours of eleven and two as appearedby a certificate under the hand of Alexander BILES Registrar bearing date 29th day of May last Marriages Odstock St Mary, Wiltshire Ancestry.com image 68 of 168 28 Apr 1659 MARRIAGE:- Francis MATHEWS of Tincleton Gentleman and Mrs/Miss Frances GAPE of Dorchester were marryed the 28th April 1659 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 28 of 114 23 Jun 1659 MARRIAGE:- "1659" - - The 23 of June was marryed John WHEDEN and An [Ann] JAMES both of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 06 Oct 1659 MARRIAGE:- "1659" - - The 6th of October was mnarryed Richard PAUL of Dorchester and Margaret SAMWAYES of Melcomb
[Note:- Children from his Marriage to Margaret who was buried at All Saints church in Dorchester on 28th Oct 1666:-
(1) Margaret bap All Saints Church Dorchester 16th Apr 1665
(2) Judith bap All Sts 28 Oct 1666
Children from a second marriage (not located) to an Elizabeth circa 1668 who was buried at St Peters Church Dorchester on 29th Sep 1676
(3) Mary bap All Sts 4 Apr 1669 she married Benjamin Turner at All Saints Church on 14th April 1696
(4) Sarah bap All Sts 26 Feb 1670/1 buried St Peters Church Dorchester 20th May 1671
(5) Richard bap All Sts 1st July 1672 buried St Peters Church 18th Sep 1673
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 17 Oct 1659 MARRIAGE:- "1659" - - The 17 of October was marryed William PENNY and An [Ann] SANSOM of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 17 Nov 1659 MARRIAGE: "1659" - - The 17th of November was marryed Giles KIMBER of Stavord? and Susan [HOBBS?] Of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 07 Feb 1659/60 MARRIAGE:- "1659/69" - - The 7h [7th] of Ffebruary was marryed John TAYLOR and Dorithy BARFOT [Barefoot?] of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 19 Apr 1660 MARRIAGE:- "1660" - - The 19th of Aprill was marryed Robert COOLE & Sarah UNDERWOOD of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 24 Apr 1660 MARRIAGE:- Phillip ROSE? and Edith STRONGE both of Dorchester were marryed the 24th of April 1660 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 28 of 114 24 Apr 1660 MARRIAGE:- Christopher OLDISH and Margaret ELLIOTT both of Dorchester were marryed the same day [i.e. 24th of April 1660] Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 28 of 114 27 Sep 1660 MARRIAGE:- John WHITE and Rebecca MUNDEN both of Dorchester were marryed the 27th day of September [Note:- Children from this marriage:- (1) Anne bap HT 5th Jan 1663/4 and buried there 10th jan 1663/4. (2) John bap HT 25th Jan 1664/5 . A John WHITE was buried at HT 13th March 1665/6 --- father or son? ] Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 28 of 114 Bef 1661 MARRIAGE:- Between John BARTLET of All Saints Parish in Dorchester and Deans UNKNOWN
[Note:- As far as I can tell John and Deans married some time before the restoration but had settled in Dorchester All Saints Parish to live by August 1663. The absence of any children named after themselves probably indicates they had other children before coming to Dorchester which is reinforced by the death of Thomas their son buried at All Saints in 1664 as he would have been born before their arrival and before the birth of Sara in 1663.
John BARTLETT (bur.1678) was buried at All Saints on 8th May 1678 14 years after the birth of the last of these children. Deans BARTLETT (bur.1706/7) is recorded as a widow at her burial at All Saints on 19th Jan 1706/7. We known of the four children listed below. So far I have not located any further information about the fate of their 3 surviving children.
(1) Thomas BARTLET born prior to 1662, buried at All Saints Church Dorchester recorded as' Thomas the sonne of John BARTLET buried the 18 of September 1664'
(2) Sara BARLET baptised All Saints Church Dorchester 30th Aug 1663
(3) Parsival [Percival?] BARTLET bap All Saints 5th Nov 1664 recorded as 'Parsivall the sonn of John BARTLET & Deans his wife' (possible twins)
(4) Robert BARTLET bap All Saints 5th Nov 1664 recorded as 'Robert the sonn of John BARTLET & Deans his wife'
Marriages Unknown 24 Jan 1660/1 MARRIAGE:- John ROGERS and Margaret SHEPPARD both of Dorchester were marryed the 24th day of January Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 28 of 114 22 Aug 1661 MARRIAGE:- "1661" - - The 22 of August was marryed John TORINGTON [TORRINGTON] of St. Peter's in Dorchester & Jane JELBERT [Gilbert?] of Trinity in Dorchester married
John TORRINGTON is the son of John & Barbara TORRINGTON and was baptised at St Georges Church in Fordington on 23rd March 1635. His wife Jane died and was buried at St Peters Church Dorchester on 05 Dec 1690. Children from this marriage were :- (1) Elizabeth bap Holy Trinity church Dorchester 29th June 1622 (2) Mary bap St Peters Dorchester (StP) 18th Aug 1664 (3) Barbary [i.e. Barbara] bap StP 10th Feb 1665/6 (4) John bap StP 25th June 1668 may have died and been buried at Holy Trinity church Dorchester as John TORRING on 29 Aug 1670 (5) Stephen bap 27 June 1670 (6) Edward bap 10th July 1673 (7) Samuel bap 22 Mar 1676/7
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 1662-1664 LIST of PENSIONERS :- Richard BUTTLER, Matthew HAGGARD, James KEECH, William POUNCY, George SHERMAN, Thomas WALLBRIDGE, of Dorchester Parish Dorset Pensioned Royalist Soldiers OPC Misc 01 May 1662 MARRIAGE:- James CASAWAY of Melcombe Regis and Elizabeth WILLSHIRE of Dorchester were marryed the 1st day of May 1662 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 Circa 1663 MARRIAGE: Between William BARTLETT of All Saints Parish in Dorchester & Edeth [Edith] UNKNOWN
[Note:- I believe this to be the second marriage of William BARTLETT the Elder (c1609-1687/9) although I cannot locate the marriage itself. It seems likely that his first wife died circa 1651-1653 and his 2 children by her were both buried at All Saints Church in 1663. The following year we have 5 more children born to a William & Edith Bartlett between 1664-1675. Edeth BARTLETT (bur.1687) was buried at All Saints on 31st May 1687 and only 8 months later William was also buried at All Saints recorded as 'William BARTLETT ye Elder' on 29th Jan 1687/8 :-
(1) Robert BARTLETT (1664-1703) bap at All Saints Recorded as 'Robert the sonn of William BARTLET and Edeth his wife was baptised the 30th Oct 1664'. I have not located a suitable marriage but a child Mary the daughter of a Robert BARTLETT was baptised at All Saints Church on 9th Jan 1702/3 and Robert BARTLETT was buried at All Saints Church on 28th Dec 1703.
(2) Margaret BARTLETT (1667-1728) bap All Saints recorded as 'Margaret the daughter of William & Edeth ---- [Surname illegible but would be BARTLETT as middle child and no other Wm & Edeth] was baptised 3rd Nov 1667' - After an extensive search did not locate a burial and only one marriage which is for a 'Margaret Bartlett who married Francis BULY at Upwey on 20th Dec 1694'. Seems quite likely as just over 4 miles away; the average age for marriage at this time was about 26 which given her baptism in Nov 1663 is right on the average; There are no baptisms in Upwey for anybody with the surname Bartlett prior to 1727. Francis BULY and Margaret settled in Upwey and raised a family of 7 children between 1696 and 1709. Margret BULY was buried in Woollen at Upwey July 6th 1728
(3) Ann BARTLETT (bur.1668) no baptism found , may have died at or soon after Birth?, but buried at All Saints recorded as 'Ann the daughter of William BARTLETT buryed 23rd July 1668'
(4) William BARTLETT (1671-1741/2 ) bap All Saints recorded as 'William the sonn of William & Edeth BARTLET was baptised 11th June 1671' He married a Mary (Unknown Surname) circa 1709 and raised a family in All Saints Parish of at least 5 children. Follow link form more information
(5) Elizabeth BARTLETT (bur.1675) no baptism located but buried at All Saints Church recorded as 'Eliyabeth [Elizabeth] the daughter of William BARTLET was buried 16th May 1675 '
Marriage Unknown 09 Jun 1663 MARRIAGE:- Stinsford Parish: 9 Jun 1663 John GILBERT of Dorchester Elinor MARSHFIELD married By licence Marriages Stinsford (transcription of names only) image 73 of 133 ancestry.com 09 Aug 1663 MARRIAGE:- John BRAG of Dorchester and Sarah WILLSON of ye same were married the 9th day of August Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 21 Dec 1663 MARRIAGE:- Thomas BRAKER [BAKER?] of Dorchester and Lydia MEMORY of the same place were marryed the 21st day of December Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 05 May 1664 MARRIAGE:- Richard CHIP of Sutton Poynts and Mary DOLMAN of Dorchester widow were marryed May 5th Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 c1664 LOST MARRIAGE: Richard & Mary CHURCHILL:
Mr. Richard and Mary CHURCHILL (c1633-1713/14) after marriage (presumably in the brides parish as marriage registers for all three churches and St George's church at Fordington all survived) they raised a family of nine children in St Peters Parish in Dorchester as listed below. He was one of the signatories to the oath of allegiance made to his excellency King Charles II on 31st August 1681 which was signed by 300 of the ruling elite in Dorchester. We only know his wife's name to be Mary from her burial record at St Peters on 5th Feb 1696/7. Richard Churchill was the 2nd child but eldest son of Richard CHURCHILL (c1602-1672) by his wife Edith nee Blatchford (c1613-1670/1). In 1693/4 like his father before him he was elected Bailiff of Dorchester.
We know from his brother John CHURCHILL's will dated 17th Feb 1691/2 that he had another brother William CHURCHILL who had a daughter named Christian who was baptised at St Peters church in Dorchester on 17th Nov 1676 as John left her £150 when she reached the age of 21 or married. Christian married John MILNEY alias DUNBAR at Cerne Abbas on 11th July 1695 and she is a beneficiary under the will of Sarah CHURCHILL, spinster of Dorchester, Dorset dated 17 Nov 1708 but only to the extent of 1 shilling. Sarah's main beneficiary is her brother Richard Churchill (c1633-1713/14) . He was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 19 Feb 1713/4 and left a Will dated 22 Jan 1713 which was proved on 03 Feb 1714/5 and left everything to his sister Sarah asking her to pass on his estates to his son Edward when she dies.
Children of Richard & Mary:-
(1) Frances Churchill (1665-1668) bap StP 25th Mar 1665/6 and buried there 18th Aug 1668
(2) Mary Churchill (1667-1668) bap StP 25th Apr 1667 and buried there 30th Apr 1668
(3) Edith Churchill (1670-1672) bap StP 5th Apr 1670 and buried there 24th Jan 1672/3
(4) Jane Churchill (b,1672) bap 24 July 1672 - presumed to have died in infancy as not a beneficiary in any will
(5) Richard Churchill (1673-1674) bap StP 10th July 1673 and buried there 5th Sep 1674
(6) Anne Churchill (b.1674-aft 1713) bap StP 19th June 1674 - left �50 in his uncle John Churchill's will dated 17th Feb 1691/2. Living in 1713 left only 5 shillings
(7) Frances Churchill (1675-aft 1713) bap StP 21st Dec 1675 - left �50 in his uncle John Churchill's will dated 17th Feb 1691/2 Living in 1713 left only 5 shillings
(8) Edward Churchill (1676-aft 1713) bap 8th Feb 1676/7 - left £50 in his uncle John Churchill's will dated 17th Feb 1691/2. Living at time of his fathers will in 1713 left only 5 shillings as his son appears to have debts but asked his sister Sarah to leave his estates to his son when she dies. She writes her will in 1708 leaving her estate to her brother but if he dies (which he does in 1714) to Edward. Sarah is buried at St Peters on 13th Mar 1716/17.
(9) John Churchill (1680-1695) bap StP 1st Sep 1680 - main beneficiary in his uncle John Churchill's will dated 17th Feb 1691/2. He died at Fordington at the age of 15 and a letter of Administration for his estate was granted to his father Richard on 04 Mar 1696/7 (PCC Admons Folio 47) Unknown 18 May 1664 MARRIAGE:- Joseph DERBY of Dorchester Gentleman and Mary GENGE of Dorchester aforesaid were marryed May 18th [Note:- This is Joseph's 2nd marriage He married first to Joane COOK at Thornecombe in Dorset on 1st Jan 1651 by whom he had 5 children. Joseph & Mary had a daughter Elizabeth bap at StP on 20th Oct 1667. Mary Derby her mother died and was buried at StP on 24 Apr 1668 and ] Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 21 Aug 1664 MARRIAGE:- John STROAD of Dorchester Gentleman and Julian BOLES of the same place were marryed the 21st day of August Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 23 May 1665 BURIAL:- in the Parish of Stratton Dorset:- "Anno Domini 1665 : -- The 23th [i.e. 23rd] day of May was buried Robart [Robert] the sonne of Robut [Robert] LANING & Jane his wife of Dorchester" Burials Stratton Dorset Ancestry.com image 82 of 156 22 Nov 1665 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Sydling St Nicholas Dorset under the year 1665 November 22 Peter STANDISH & Margaret DAN [or DAW] both of Dorchester Married
[Note:- Peter STANDISH was an victualler by trade and was buried at All Saints on 9th Dec 1680 - being pre decesed by his wife Margaret on 15th Oct 1673. He died intestate the court naming his sister Alice administrator of his estate and trustee of his surviving children Peter, James and Sarah STANDISH administration granted on 16th March 1681. Children :- (1) Sarah bap All Saints church Dorchester 3rd April 1666. (2) John bap All Saints 25 Mar 1668 & buried 24 Mar 1675/6 (3) Peter bap All Saints 30th Jan 1669/70, Married Sarah had at least 7 children before being buried at All Saints 17th March 1731/2 (4) James bap All Saints 1st July 1672]
Marriages Sydling St Nicholas ancestry.com image 54 of 184 23 Nov 1665 MARRIAGE:- Josiah ALLAMBRAY of Dorchester and Susanna STANNE were marryed November 23rd Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 27 Nov 1665 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Sydling St Nicholas Dorset under the year 1665 November 27 Robert FOOKE of Dorchester and Joan SARE married Marriages Sydling St Nicholas ancestry.com image 54 of 184 26 Feb 1665/6 MARRIAGE:- John HUTON of Dorchester and Joane BOYER of the same were marryed the 26th day of February Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 17 Aug 1666 MARRIAGE:- Hugh MUNDEN of Dorchester and Anne MABER of Poorstock were marryed the 17th day of August with a licence Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 05 Nov 1666 MARRIAGE: Under year 1666:- Edward MAJER [Major?]of Dorchester and Joane LAMBERT of Sherborne here married November 5th [PRs] Marriages Longburton Dorset Ancestry.com Image 18 of 170 23 Apr 1666/7 MARRIAGE:- Thomas HOGGAND [HOGGARD] of Dorchester & Margaret POUNCEY of ye same were marryed with a licence April 23th [23rd] Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 29 of 114 20 July 1667 MARRIAGE:- Mr. Thomas EVERETT of Dorchester and Mary MARTYN of the same were married with a licence the 20th July 1667 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 30 of 114 19 Sep 1667 MARRIAGE:- James LOCK of Dorchester & Mary DOWEL of Bridport were married with a licence September 19th Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 30 of 114 21 May 1668
MARRIAGE "1668" - - The xxj [21st] of May was marryed John TOMPSON and Mrs Hannah BEN both of Dorchester [Note Hannah Benn may have been a daughter of Rev William Benn (1600-1680)]
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 46 of 129 30 Nov 1668 BURIALS - QUAKERS:- John PETMAN of Sherborne died th[e] 30th day of the 11th moneth [month] wen [when] was a prisoner in Dorchester for Cohriannes? sake 1668 Burials From Quaker Births, Marriage and Death Registers Dorset & Hampshire (RG6/1027) Ancestry.com image 194 and 195 of 206 10 Jun 1669
MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at West Stafford under the year "1669 Marriages" Jine 10th married George LESTER & Anne BAKER both of Dorchester
Marriages West Stafford Dorset Ancestry.com image 26 of 65 23 Nov 1669 MARRIAGE:- William GALE of Dorchester and Ruth READ of the same were marryed Nov 23rd Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 30 of 114 Circa 1670 MARRIAGE: Between Thomas BARTLETT of All Saints Parish in Dorchester and Rebecca Unknown
Thomas BARTLETT the Elder (bur.1723) was buried at All Saints Church in Dorchester on 24th May 1723. Rebecca BARTLETT (bur1726/7) appears to have been buried at All Saints on 1st Jan 1726/7 recorded simply as "The wife of Thomas BARTLETT". Known Children from this marriage :-
(1) Christopher Bartlett (1671-1677) bap All Saints Church Dorchester on 1st Oct 1671 recorded as the son of Thomas & Rebecca Bartlett. and buried there on 29th Apr 1677 recorded as the son of Thomas Bartlett
(2) Thomas Bartlett Senior (1673-aft.1716) bap All Saints 9th Nov 1673 recorded as the son of Thomas & Rebecca Bartlett. Married Elizabeth KNIGHT at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 15th Jan 1714/5
(3) Rebecca Bartlett (1680-1687) bap All Saints 16th May 1680 and recorded there as the daughter of Thomas Bartlett. She was buried there recorded as 'Rebecka ye daughter of Thomas Bartlett was buried on 26th May 1687'
(4) John Bartlett (1683-1716) bap All Saints 3rd Jun 1683 recorded as the son of Thomas & Rebecca Bartlett. John married on 19th Oct 1712 at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester to Elizabeth CRIMBLE (bur.1716/7) Follow link for more information
(5) William Bartlett (1686/7- ) bap All Saints 20th Mar 1686/7 recorded as the son of Thomas & Rebecca Bartlett [Note:- Not so far located any other information ave age of marriage 27 = 1714 quite a few marriages in Dorset around this date but they either say from a different parish of make no comment on origin]
Marriage unknown location 17 Apr 1671 MARRIAGE:- In the parish church at Piddlehinton under the year "1671 " April 17 were married Mr Henry CHURCHILL and Mrs Hana GALLER [Note:- Henry Churchill (1634-1691) was the 7th child from the marriage of William Churchill of Muston in Piddlehinton to Mary YARD daughter of George Yard Esq of Churston Ferrers, Devon. Henry lived in Dorchester, Muston at Piddlehinton being his family home. Hannah Galler was his first wife and was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 22nd Nov 1681 . Henry remarried to Elizabeth Cheek see 4th April 1682 below] Marriages Piddlehinton Dorset Anestry.com image 40 of 272 28 July 1671 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Sherborne under the heading " July 1671" -- 28 -- Robert MOTIER of Dorchester & Elizabeth HARBIN of Stratten married Marriages Sherborne Dorset Ancestry.com image 511 of 834 07 Apr 1673 MARRIAGE:- 1673 7 April Joseph CARDROW & Elizabeth WHITE Married at Stinsford [Note:- Joseph CARDROWE was the son of John and Elizabeth CARDROWE of Dorchester and baptised at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 01 Jun 1651.] Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image 74 of 133 - - original is an abbreviated copy of PR 01 Oct 1673
MARRIAGE:- "1673" - - The first of October was marryed Thomas FFOY & Mary HALL both of Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 25 Aug 1674
MARRIAGE:- "1674" - - The 25 of August was married Thomas POWNSIE of Dorchester & Jane THURMAN being in his parish
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 13 Oct 1674 MARRIAGE: In the Parish of Stratton Dorset "Anno Domini 1674 -- Octtober [October] the xiij [13th] Day ware [were] married John COSSENS of Stratton and Jane DRIE [DRY] of the Holy Trinitie [Trinity] Pish [Parish] in Dorchester" Marriages Stratton Dorset Ancestry.com image 120 of 156 28 Jan 1674/5 MARRIAGE:- "1674" - - The 28th of January was marryed John ROGERS & Elizabeth HALL both of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 Circa 1675 MARRIAGE Between John GLOVER of St Peters Parish in Dorchester and Susanna Unknown
[NOTE:- John GLOVER (1653-1711) was the son of Henry GLOVER MA BD (1625-1668) by his wife Lucy and baptised at Saint Basil's church at Toller Fratrum in Dorset on 6th April 1653. His actual baptism record states "Anno Domini 1653: John the sonne of Henry GLOVER Minister of Winford Eagle baptized April 6th ".The small church of St Lawrence at Wynford Eagle was at that date a chapelry of St Basils Church at Toller Fratrum and his father would probably then have been a curate as he went on to become Rector of Iwerne Courtney (alias Shroton) on 30th Aug 1660.
As an aside there is a nice entry in the Iwerne Courtney Parish Register (image 40 of 183 on Ancestry.com) recording Henry's induction to the church. This is actually quite useful as offical church records about him have generally not survived. He has also signed the parish register at the foot of each page until his own death is recorded there (image 42 of 183) on September 11th 1668 and burial at Toller Fratrum the following day.
Also there is an entry in the Municiple Records of Dorchester (page 607) which States " 1656, Apr 18 "It is ordered that there bee a Conference held with Mr. Glover, of Wynford, either by Mr. Savage or Mr. Whiteway or both of them, concerning his coming hither to bee a Lecturer, whether or no hee will be perswaded to remove to this Towne for 80li, per ann. and a house, or 9[0]/. and a house rather than fayle {fail}."
John GLOVER married about 1675 to a Susanna, but I have not been able to locate their marriage. They settled in St Peters Parish Dorchester where John Glover worked as an Attorney at law. His name also appears among the list of over 300 people in Dorchester who signed the Corporation's address to King Charles II dated 31st August 1681. They later moved to Holy Trinity Parish which had the same rector. John GLOVER died intestate being buried at Holy Trinity Church on 7th May 1711 with administration of his estate being passed to Lucy their daughter on 21st July 1711. His widow Susanna Glover was also buried at Holy Trinity, on 25th Oct 1716. Known Children:-
(1) Lucy Glover (1675-1713) bap at St Peters Church Dorchester 10th Mar 1675/6 (Note:- Surname wrongly entered in the parish register as Gloser). When her father died her mother renounced administration of his estate passing it to Lucy as their eldest daughter. She was later buried at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 25th Sep 1713.
(2) Susanna Glover (1677- ? ) (probably a twin with Margaret below) bap with Margaret at St Peters Church Dorchester 4th Dec 1677. No further trace, but there is another burial for a Margaret Glover buried at Upway on 24th March 1705 (Link to entry below). As they were most likely twins it makes me wonder whether there was some confusion which one was buried where.
(3) Margaret Glover (1677-1705/6) bap St Peters Church Dorchester 4th Dec 1677 buried at Holy Trinity Church on 22nd Jan 1705/6
Missing Marriage location unknown 10 Jun 1675
MARRIAGE:- "1675" - - The 10 of June were married James BRIGGS and Grace BONNER both of Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 24 Aug 1675 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Swyre Dorset 1675 Aug 24; Memoranda quod Jacobus ALLEN, de Bristol ; & Elizabetha EDWARDS, de Dorchester conjugti fuere Augti 24to 1675to Concessa licentia [i.e. by licence] Marriages Swyre Dorset Ancestry.com image 136 of 180 11 Dec 1675 BURIAL:- at the parish church at Hilton Dorset : MrJohn CHYLD [CHILD] of Dorchester December 11th Burials Hilton Dorset Ancestry.com image 64 of 132 06 Feb 1676 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Frampton Dorset - - 1676 James TOOGOOD of this parish was married to Margery FFROOME of Dorchester ffebruary the 6 Marriages Frampton Dorset Ancestry.com image 36 of 219 28 Sep 1676
MARRIAGE:- "1676" - - September 28th were married William LODER of Charminster and Joan MORIS [MORRIS] of Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 20 Nov 1676 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church of Godmanstone William FOSSE of Cern Abbas & Ann NORRIS of Dorchester married 20-Nov 1676 Marriages Godmanstone OPC + image Ancestry.com 6 of 56 25 Apr 1677 MARRIAGE In the Parish Churrch of Winterborne St Martin Dorset under the year "1677" Robert RUSSELL of Milton and Anne MACOCK of Dorchester were marryed with a licence April 25th day Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 31 of 114 30 May 1678 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Blandford St Mary Dorset : George GOLD [GOULD] of Dorchester & Mary PITT of ye same were married May ye 30th 1678 [Note:- This marriage is also recorded in St Peters Church Dorchester on the same day. Mary PITT was the daughter of William PITT (d.1687) Alderman and Mayor of Dorchester ]. Marriages Blandford St Marys Dorset Ancestry.com image 125 of 244 20 Feb 1678/9 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Blandford St Mary Dorset : Edward CHAPMAN & Ann MATHEW of Dorchester were married ye 20th 1678 Marriages Blandford St Marys Dorset Ancestry.com image 125 of 244 23 July 1679 MARRIAGE:- Mr. John YEAT & Mrs. Mary SHEPHARD of Dorchester were marryed July ye 23 - 1679 Marriages Owermoigne Dorset Ancestry.com image 54 of 123 14 Apr 1680 MARRIAGE: in Salisbury Cathedral Wiltshire Mr Daniel ARDEN of Dorchester to Mrs Elizabeth BATT of New Sarum & Licence [Link to Daniel ARDEN (1652-1723) ] Marriages: Bishops Transcripts Cathedral Church of Salisbury. Ancestry.com image 8 of 16 04 Apr 1681 MARRIAGE:- Nicholas HAMLYN [HAMLIN] and ye Widow SPICER ? both of Dorchester were married with Licence Apr: 4 1681 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 10 of 72 05 Apr 1681 MARRIAGE:- April ye 5th were married William BOYSE junior & Ann JACOB of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset ancestry.com image 47 of 129 12 Sep 1681 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Godmanstone Dorset : Clement BANDAGE [BAWDAGE or BOWDAGE?] of Northleigh in Devon & Ann DAW of Dorchester married Sep: 12 1681 Marriages Godmanstone Dorset Ancestry.com image 7 of 56 24 Dec 1681
MARRIAGE:- December ye 24th were married Henry CROOM of Fordington & Mary GALE of the parish of All Saints' Dorchester
Mariages Charminster Dorset and image ancestry.com 47 of 129 4 Apr 1682 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Piddlehinton : Year 1682: April 4 were married Mr Henry CHURCHILL and Mrs Elizabeth CHEEKE
[Note:- Henry Churchill (1634-1691) was the 7th child from the marriage of William Churchill of Muston in Piddlehinton to Mary YARD daughter of George Yard Esq of Churston Ferrers, Devon. This is Henry's 2nd marriage. For his 1st Marriage to Hannah GALLER See 17th April 1671 above. After marriage here they lived in Dorchester and had 3 children:-
(1) Rev. Henry CHURCHILL MA (1683- 1751) bap St Peters Church Dorchester on 14th Feb 1683/4 attended the 'Free School' in Dorchester in preparation for university and was admitted at Trinity College Oxford aged 18 on 24th March 1701/2; scholar 1704; BA 1705-6; MA 1709. Ordained a deacon at Wells Cathedral on 21st Sep 1707 and a priest at the Chapel Bishops Palace in Fulham London on 20th March 1708/9; About this time he married to a Jane but I have not been able to locate their marriage. Their first child Elizabeth was baptised in his parents parish of St Peters in Dorchester in April 1709.
It is not recorded where he served his curacy but I supect this was at the church of St Paul's in the parish of Hammoon in Dorset where the parish registers show that he and Jane were having their children baptised there from as early as Sep 1710. The very first entry in 1710 was for his 2nd daughter Jane and after the registration in a different hand, the word 'Rector' had been added. There is also a side line entry written virtically "'(First Entry of Revd Hen. [Henry] CHURCHILL (1709 became Rector see Parish Poor Books---) so he probably arrived in 1709 after being appointed a priest. The previous rector John Wilkins died and was buried there 27th March 1707/8 and there is a seperate side line entry "He continued Rector until 1719 see Parish Poor Books when he was succeeded by Revd John Crabb".
1. Elizabeth Churchill recorded as the daughter of Revd Henry CHURCHILL baptised St Peters Church Dorchester 2nd April 1709.
2. Jane Churchill recorded as daughter of Henry & Jane Churchill born August 23rd was baptised ye 21st of September 1710 [Rector]. She married Nicholas Gay at Morchard Bishop on 6th Dec 1738.
3. Henry CHURCHILL Junior (1711-1732) born November 4th and bap Hammoon 4th Dec 1711; admitted pens aged 19 at St John's College Oxford 7th April 1731. B. at Hammoon School Sherborne. Died in College buried at All Saints Parish Church, Cambridge on 26th July 1732 (CLDS Film 1818374).
4. Elizabeth Churchill baptised Hammoon 24th Aug 1713 and buried there 13th Oct 1713
5. Ann Churchill baptised Hammoon 08 Feb 1714
6. William Churchill baptised Hammoon 7 Feb 1715
7. Revd John Churchill baptised Hammoon 7 May 1716, (of Eggesford? see brother Christophers will)
8. Revd. Christopher CHURCHILL MA (1720-1800) baptised Morchard Bishop Devon 5th April 1720. He matriculated at Balliol College on 21st Mar 1737/8 aged 18 and was awarded his BA in 1741 and MA in 1744. he was jointly bound with two others for the correct administration of the estate of John Nelson Clerk of Dorchester in a letter of Administration dated 24th Sep 1750 when described as being of Morchard Bishop. He married the same day to Mary NELSON at All Saints Church in Dorchester and had issue. He was instutited as a prebendary of Exeter Cathedral on 29th Aug 1795. He died leaving a will [PROB 11/1338] which was proved on 11th March 1800 when he was described as of the parish of St Thomas the Apostle, Exeter, Devon His sons John and Peter as executors were granted administration of his estate..
In 1719 he was appointed rector of St Marys Morchard Bishop in Devon where their 8th and final child was born. According to the Calendar of Wills and Administrations relating to Devon and Cornwall and proved in the Court of Principal Register of the Bishop of Exeter; Henry Churchill Cleric of Monchard Bishop died in 1751. (I do not currently have access to these records)
(2) William CHURCHILL (1686-aft 1723?) bap St Peters Church Dorchester on 4th Aug 1686 attended the 'Free School' in Dorchester in preparation for university and was admitted at Balliol College 20th March 1702/3 aged 16; BA 1706/7; Main beneficiary under kinsman Charles CHURCHILL of Fordington's will in 1723. ( Link to transcription ) .
(3) Elizabeth CHURCHILL (1690-1695) bap St Peters Church on 25 Mar 1690 and buried there 17th Sep 1695
Mr Henry CHURCHILL died intestate and was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 11 Feb 1691/2. A Letter of Administration for his estate was granted to Elizabeth CHURCHILL relic on 9th April 1692:
Marriages Piddlehinton Dorset
Ancestry.com image 49 of 272
18 Apr 1682 MARRIAGE: in the Parish Church at Woodsford Dorset: William CUMPTON of the Parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester and Elizabeth LAND of the same were married April 18th [16]82 Marriages Woodsford Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 98 10 May 1683 MARRIAGE:- "Anno Dm(Anno Domini) 1683" -- May ye 10th were married William WILSON of Dorchester & Joan PURYASE [PURCHASE?] widow Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com ime 47 of 129 16 Oct 1683
MARRIAGE:- "1683" -- October ye 16th were married William JACOB of Dorchester & Elizabeth MARTIN late of Beer Regis
[Note:-William JACOB (d.1724) the Elder of Dorchester was a clothier by trade and a record of him indenturing an apprentice survives in Corporation records dated 19th Sep 1720 when he took on Francis the son of Francis BEATON of Over Compton. . He wrote his will on 19th June 1723 and was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 10th February 1724/5 in which he leaves his Messuage situated in Holy Trinity Parish, on the North side of High West Street, in trust with Baruth NOWELL the Minister of the Protestant Dissenters Church in Pease Lane for his wife Elizabeth, and after her death to his son John for life - subject to a payment of 40 shillings a year to both his son William, and daughter Elizabeth, described as the wife of Thomas EAMES. His Will was proved 21st Sep 1725.
Elizabeth JACOB nee MARTIN (d.1733) wrote her will on 27th Aug 1729 and was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 6th Apr 1733. In her will she leaves the benefit of £100 of her money to her son John for life and after his death to his 4 sons John, Thomas, William and Samuel. Children from this marriage
(1) William JACOB (1684-aft 1729) baptised at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 3rd Aug 1684. He married Elizabeth ANTRIM from Statton at St Peters Church in the parish of Winterborne Came in Dorset on 11th March 1711/12. He was left £150 in his fathers Will in 1724 and a bequest of £50 each to his children William and Elizabeth Jacob when they reach the age of 21. He was the main beneficiary under his mother's will in 1729 and joint executor with his daughter referred to as Elizabeth AMEY.
(2) John JACOB The Elder (1686-1759) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 27th June 1686. He married on 17th Oct 1721 to Sarah COAD at All Saints Church in the parish of Poyntington in Dorset which lies 2 miles north of Sherborne. John was left £300 in his fathers will in 1724 and residual legatee on the family home when his mother died in 1733 subject to paying 40 shillings a year each to his 2 siblings for life. His mother's will leaves him the bed she lies on and the benefit of �100 of her money for life, and after his death to his 4 sons whom she names as John, Thomas, William and Samuel JACOB. Follow link for more information about his family.
(3) Elizabeth JACOB (1688/9-aft1729) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 24th Feb 1688/9 referred to in her fathers will as the wife of Thomas EAMES (d.1745) whom she married at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 28th Jan 1718/19. Her father left her £150 in 1724 and a bequest of £50 each.
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com images 49 and 67 of 272 22 Nov 1683 MARRIAGE:-In the Parish Church at Charminster Dorset: "1683" - - November ye 22 were married William NEW & Jone DAW of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 20 Apr 1684 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Hilton Dorset : Jno [John] HILLARD of Dorchester & Joan JOY of Blandford Ap: ye 20th Marriages Hilton Dorset Ancestry.com image 68 of 132 29 May 1684 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Hilton Dorset : Rich: [Richard] CHURCHILL of Dorchester & Margaret SHAND of Whitchurch May ye 29th [Note:- Margaret likely to have been buried at HT Church Dorchester 17 Dec 1706 ] Marriages Hilton Dorset Ancestry.com image 68 of 132 05 Jan 1684 MARRIAGE:- "Anno Dm' (Anno Domini) 1684" -- Jany 5th were married Edward HIAT of the Parish of St Mary Overies London and Elizabeth BOWDITCH of Dorchester ye MJ Barking Clerk Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com ime 47 of 129 20 Apr 1685 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Broadmayne Dorset under the heading "Anno 1685" Johannes [John] MYCHELL & Maria GAPEN of Dorchester nuptienant [they are getting married] Aprilis [April] 20: Marriages Broadmayne Dorset Ancestry.com image 5 of 50 24 Jun 1685 MARRIAGE:- John SMITH of the pish [parish] of Holy Trinity in Dorchester and Elizabeth LINDSFIELD of All Saints pish [parish] in Dorchester were marryed the twenty fourth day of June 1685
[Note:- John SMITH was the eldest child of Adam SMITH and baptised at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 11th Aug 1652. Children from this marriage:-
(1) Adam SMITH bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 30th May 1686 On 2nd Dec 1709 Adam married Ann HUNTLY at HT Church. Follow link for more information about the family]
(2) Joan SMITH bap HT 9th Jan 1688/9
Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 31 of 114 12 July 1685
MARRIAGE:- 'Anno Domini' -- July the 12 were married John ABBOTT of Grenvil & Elizabeth BRIAN of Dorchester wid. [widow]
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 27 Sep 1685
MARRIAGE:- 'Anno Dom 1685' -- Septembert ye 27th were married Edward [??] of Charminster and Martha STANLEY of Dorchester All Saints
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 05 Jan 1685/6
MARRIAGE:- January the 5th was John LOCK of Dorchester & [……………………] of Burton
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 27 Jun 1686
BURIAL: In the Parish Church of Wyke Regis Dorset under the heading "Buried Anno Domini 1686" John GRAY of Dorchester
Burials Wyke Regis Dorset Ancestry.com image 228 of 463 07 July 1686 BURIAL: In the Parish Church of Preston and Sutton Pointz Dorset:- Mary wife of Joseph of Dorchester BISHOP buried 7-Jul 1686 Burials Preston and Sutton Pointz Dorset OPC Transcription from Bishops Transcripts 30 Jun 1687 MARRIAGE:- Henry ALDER and Thomasin BOYES both of Dorchester were marryed the thirtieth day of June 1687
Note:- Henry ALDER (bur. 1741/2) was the 1st child from the marriage of Jeremiah ALDER to Avisse {Avis] COXE {COX] at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 25th Nov 1662. He was a witness to the nuncupative Will of John Milborne on 30th June 1696. The will of their son William written 21st Jan 1731 leaves his parents £10 to buy mourning rings so still living at that date. Henry Alder was buried at HT Church on 14th Jan 1741/2Children from this marriage:-
(1) Jeremiah Alder (1688-1721) bap HT Church Dorchester 16th May 1688 ; Known to have married an Elizabeth as she was buried as his wife at HT Church on 8th Nov 1719. They had 2 daughters both named Mary (1) Mary Alder bap St Peters Dorchester on 24th Mar 1714/15 and buried at Holy Trinity on 17th May 1715. and (2) Mary Alder bap at St Peters 7th Mar 1716/17 and buried at Holy Trinity on 30th May 1717. Jeremiah was also buried at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 15th July 1721
(2) William Alder (1690-1740) bap HT 18th Apr 1690. Married to an Elizabeth who is granted administration of his estate on 17th Feb 1741. His Will dated 21st Jan 1731 refers to his brother Robert (and his 2 sons Jeremiah and Henry) and his sister Thomasin. He was buried at HT Church in Dorchester on 2nd Nov 1740
(3) Thomasin Alder bap HT 27th Nov 1692
(4) Robert Alder bap HT 19th July 1696
(5) Mary Alder (1700-1715) bap HT 26th Mar 1700 and buried there 18th Oct 1715
Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 31 of 114 19 Jun 1689 MARRIAGE:- Anno Domini 1689 The 19th Day of June was marryed George SPRINGE of Blandford and Mary FFOY of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 27 Jun 1689 MARRIAGE:- Thomas SAMWAYS of this parish and Elizabeth RABBETTOH of the pish (parish) of Holy Trinity in Dorchester were marryed the twenty seventh day of June 1689 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 32 of 114 08 Nov 1689
MARRIAGE:- Anno Dom: [Latin Abbreviation for Anno Domini - In the year of Our Lord.] 1689 -- November 8th weere maried Richard GILLATT and Judith DOWLE both of the Parish of All Saints in Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 05 Mar 1689/90
MARRIAGE:- March the 5th weere maried John EDWARDS and Joan WHEEDEN both of the Parish of Holy Trinity Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 30 Oct 1690 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Broadmayne Dorset under the heading "Anno 1690" Joahannes [John] DAVIS de [of] Dorch r [Dorchester] et [and] Margeria [Margery] WEYDE of Corffe Castle nupti 30mo Octob: [married the 30th October] Marriages Broadmayne Dorset Ancestry.com image 6 of 50 06 Jan 1690/1 MARRIAGE:- Henry GREEN and Elizabeth HARBEN both of the parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester were marryed the sixth day of January 1690/1 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 32 of 114 22 Jan 1690 MARRIAGE:- John MARTIN and Grace HOOPER both of Dorchester their Banns being duly there published were married January 22 1690 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset Ancestry.com image 10 of 72 3 Jun 1691
MARRIAGE:- '1691' - June 3th [i.e.3rd] wer married Gabrill [Gabriel] GOULD [of] Holy Trinity in Dorchester & Joane DEVENISH of this Parish
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 16 May 1692 MARRIAGE:- William SPEAKE Esquire of White Lackington, Somerset married Mrs Margaret BOND of Dorchester on 16 May 1692 in St Mary Abbots, London [Note:- Not located an image on ancestry.com] Marriages St Mary's Abbots Kensington London OPC Strays project 02 Aug 1692 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at West Stafford Dorset: in the year 1692 Robert GUNDRY of Topsham [Note:- In the County of Devon] & Eleonor [Eleanor] SPICER of Dorchester Married August 2nd 1692
[Note:- Robert GUNDRY was elected Governor of the Company of Freemen in Dorchester in January 1706 and as a respected member of trhe Corporation was one of those chosen to make an inventory of the goods of Robert Arnold a Shoemaker of Dorchester when he died in 1718. He was elected as a Capital Burgess on 6th Jan 1729 . Robert was buried at HT Church on 30th Nov 1750 leaving a Will dated 3rd Aug 1747 when he was described as an Innholder. His widow Eleanor was buried at HT on 12th April 1761. children from the marriage:-
(1) William Gundry Bap HT Church Dorchester 22nd Jan 1695/6 He married Rebecca CHANNING at st Georges Church in Fordington on 4th Dec 1720
(2) Eleanor Gundry Bap HT 18 Jan 1698; She married Richard HOLE at West Stafford on 23td Feb 1721/2
(3) Joseph Gundry Bap HT 18 May 1701 and buried there 20th May 1701
(4) John Gundry Bap HT 19th Aug 1702
(5) Joseph Gundry Bap HT 26th Dec 1704
(6) James Gundry Bap HT 26th Feb 1707/8 and buried 12th July 1731
(7) Jane Gundry Bap HT 20th June 1711 She was appointed executrix of her fathers will dated 03 Aug 1747 which she proved on 15th Dec 1750. She then married Edward COLE from London at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 6th Aug 1755
(8) Thomas Gundry Bap HT 20th July 1714 and buried there 20th Dec 1725
Marriages West Stafford Dorset
Ancestry.com image 25 of 65 26 Jan 1692/3 MARRIAGE:- ?? January ye 26th weere maried Mt George ?? of ?? and Mrs Jane THORN? of Dorchester Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 15 Mar 1692/3 BURIAL: In the Parish Church at Godmanstone Dorset under the heading "1692" Ann yedaughter of Mr Edward DAMER [DAMER] of Dorchester was buried here March 15th[Note:- 2nd known daughter of Rev. Edward DAMER (1632-1701) ] Burials Godmanstone Dorset Ancestry.com image 7 of 56 18 May 1693 MARRIAGE:- 18 May, Richard MAY and Susannah COOMS, of Dorchester [Note:- Not located this image on ancestry.com which must have been on a separate sheet as between the last entry on images 65 and the first entry on image 66 of 98] Marriages Woodsford OPC Transcription only 19 May 1693 BURIAL: In the Parish Church at Godmanstone Dorset under the heading "1693" Rebecca ye daughter of Mr Thomas PITMAN of Dorchester was buried here May 19th [Note:-child of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717) of Dorchester by his wife Rebecca nee DAMER (d.1713) ] Burials Godmanstone Dorset Ancestry.com image 7 of 56 02 Nov 1693
MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at West Stafford Dorset: James POWEL & Mary SMITH of Dorchester Novemb: [November] 2nd 93
Marriages West Stafford Dorset Ancestry.com image 25 of 65 26 Jan 1692/93
MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Charminster : January ye 26 weere maried Mr George [blank space left] of [another blank space left] & Mrs Jane THOMAS of Dorchester [Note:- grooms name is an omission in the original register]
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 right hand side 1694* BURIAL: In the Parish Church at Godmanstone Dorset for the year 1694 : Thomas ye son of Mr Thomas PITMAN of Dorchester buried [Note:- 2nd known child of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717) of Dorchester by his wife Rebecca nee DAMER (d.1713) * This is the second of 2 entries in the parish register with no actual date but it was after April 17th 1694 and before Oct 3rd 1694 ] Burials Godmanstone Dorset Ancestry.com image 8 of 56 24 Mar 1694
MARRIAGE :- 'March 24th1694' --was marryed Henry HARBIN of Dorchester & Susana ANTILL of Chaminster
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com image 47 of 129 28 Jun 1694 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Broadmayne Dorset under the heading "Anno 1694" Johass [abbreviating for Johannes meaning John] SEAMAN et [and] Jana [Jane] BALLINGER of Dorchester nuptienant Junij 28o [they are getting married June 28th] Marriages Broadmayne Dorset Ancestry.com image 6 of 50 09 Aug 1694 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Frampton - - Thomas STROUD of Burton in the Parish of Charminster and Sarah BANGER of Dorchester was married August 9 1694 Marriages Frampton Dorset Ancestry.com image 43 of 219 17 Dec 1694 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church of Upcerne Dorset under the year "1694" Christopher STOODLEY of Dorchester St. Peter; & Mary SMITH ; of Sherbournee were married Decembr 17th [Note:- Christopher STOODLEY was baptised at St Peters Church in Dorchester the son of Charles STOODLEY on 19thJune 1670 - Link to more information about this family] Marriages Upcerne Dorset Ancestry.com image 5 of 32 13 May 1695 MARRIAGE:- Nicholas COSENS of Stratton in the Countie of Dorset and Sarah BRINE of the parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester their banns being duly published were married here May 13 1695 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 12 of 72 26 Jun 1695 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Blandford St Mary Dorset : Tho: [Thomas] FRY of Dorchester All Saints [Parish a] Glazier & Martha MARTIN ye same were married June ye 26th 1695 [Note:- Ancestry.com also seem to have wrongly attached a copy of this register ie for Blandford St Mary to Powerstock?] Marriages Blandford St Marys Dorset + Ancestry.com image 129 of 244 11 July 1695 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church of Cerne Abbas Dorset under the year "1695" July 11 Johannes [John] MILLNEY et [and] Christiana CHURCHILL Nup [were married] [Link to more information about Christian Churchill's Family] Marriages Cerne Abbas Dorset Ancestry.com image 64 of 175 30 Sep 1695 BURIAL at the Parish Church in Godmanstone Dorset under the side heading of 1695: Rebecca DAMER [DAMMER] of Dorchester buried Sept: 30th [Note:- Wife of Rev. Edward DAMER (1632-1701) ] Burials Godmanstone Ancestry.com image 8 of 56 22 Jan 1695/6 BURIAL at the Parish Church in Godmanstone Dorset under the side heading of 1695: : Thomas PITMAN of Dorchester was buried Jan: 22th {22nd January] [Note:- Probably the father of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717) grocer of Dorchester] Burials Godmanstone Ancestry.com image 8 of 56 14 Feb 1695/6 BURIAL in the Parish Church of Piddlehinton Dorset under the year "1695" Febr: 17th was buried Mr William CHURCHILL son of William CHURCHILL of Muston Esqr. [Note:- See William CHURCHILL Esq of Colliton husband of Barbara HOLLOWAY for more information on his family] Burials Piddlehinton Dorset Ancestry.com image 57 of 272 13 Apr 1696
MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Tyneham Dorset under the heading "Marriage Anno Dm 1696" William POOK of Dorchester & Anne Lovelace mard : April. 13th [Note:- Thought to be William POOK junior the son of William POOK Senior & Mary baptised at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 20th April 1676]
Marriages Tyneham Dorset Ancestry.com image 3 of 91 01 Aug 1696 BURIAL at the Parish Church in Godmanstone Dorset under the side heading of 1696: Ann ye daughter of Mr Thomas PITMAN of Dorchester was buried here Aug: 1th [August 1st] [Note:- 3rd known child of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717)of Dorchester by his wife Rebecca (d.1713) ] Burials Godmanstone Ancestry.com image 8 of 56 05 Aug 1696 MARRIAGE:- John HASKELL and Dorothy LISTER of Dorchester were marryed the fifth day of August 1696 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 32 of 114 6 Oct 1696 MARRIAGE:- Maximillian GOLLOP (1668-1709) junior of Dorchester married Elizabth HAVILAND at Stinsford 6th Oct 1696 [Note:- Maximilliam was the 2nd child from the marriage of Maximilliam GOLLOP (1638-1719) senior to Mary POULSDEN at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 20 Feb 1665/6] Visitation of Dorset 1677 published London 1977 Page 32 : PR not survived 23 Dec 1696 MARRIAGE IN the Parish Church at Long Critchel Dorset : Dec: 23 1696: John HOBBS of Dorchester and Elizabeth BUDDEN were then marryed Marriages Long Critchel Dorset Ancestry.com image 25 of 308 31 Dec 1696 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Portesham Dorset under the year "1696" 1st column "Marriages" December 31. Samuel READE of Dorchester & Ruth BARTLET of this parish were married [Note:- Samuel READ is the 5th child from the marriage of Matthew READ to Elizabeth CAKE at HT Church in Dorchester on 30th Dec 1662]
Children:-
(1) Samuel Read bap HT Church Dorchester on 8th Aug 1697
(2) John Read bap HT 30 Apr 1699
(3) Francis Read (1700-1704) bap HT 16 Mar 1700/1 and buried there 31st Dec 1704
(4) Henry Read bap HT 14 Nov 1703
(5) Francis Read (1705-1705) bap HT 25th Nov 1705 and buried there 8th Dec 1705
(6) Mary Read (1707-1715) bap HT 8th Jan 1707/8 and buried there 3rd May 1715
(7) Ruth Read bap HT 27th June 1710
Marriages Portesham Ancestry.com image 48 of 196 03 Feb 1696/7
BAPTISM:- In the Parish Church at West Knighton Dorset : Mary KNIGHT daughter of Hen: and Mary KNIGHT was born the 29th of May at 9 in the morning (being Whit Munday) and was Christened the Ffriday after 1699
Elizabeth KNIGHT the eldest child of Henry & Mary KNIGHT was born at Dorchester (St Peter�s Parish) the 3rd of February 1696
Baptisms West Knighton Dorset Ancestry.com image 4 of 66 01 Jun 1697
MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Charminster Dorset Anno Dom {Domini] 1697 The first day of June was married Mr John GOLLOP and Mrs Ffrances BACKWAYE both of Dorchester
Marriages Charminster Dorset Ancestry.com Image 48 of 129 05 Apr 1698 MARRIAGE IN the Parish Church of Maiden Newton under heading "Marriages 1698" Between Robert WILSON of Dorchester & Elizabeth MAYCOCK April 5th Marriages Maiden Newton Dorset Ancestry.com image 73 of 280 30 May 1698 BURIAL: At the Parish Church at Winterborne St Martin Dorset under "Ano 1698" John LAKE, Almsman of Dorchester was buryed on ye thirtyeth day of May 1698 Burials Winterborne St Martin Dorset Ancestry.com image 41 of 114 01 June 1698 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Alton Pancras Dorset under the heading "1698" Side line entry for Junij [June] : Mr John GASTE of Leigh & Mrs Elizabeth COOPER of Moor or rather of Dorchester were married wth [with] a licence filled up by Mr Geo: [George] Ffrome of Sarum Register & in Alton church : MARRIED Marriages Alton Pancras Dorset Ancestry.com image 6 of 182 31 Mar 1699 BURIAL at the Parish Church in Godmanstone Dorset under the side heading of 1699: Ann ye daughter of Mr Tho: [Thomas] PITMAN of Dorchester was bur: [buried] March 31th [31st] [Note:- 5th known child of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717) of Dorchester by his wife Rebecca (d.1713) ] Burials Godmanstone Ancestry.com image 8 of 56 30 Apr 1699 MARRIAGE:- John BRINE of Dorchester and Jane WHITE was married May 18th 1699 with Licence Marriages Winterbourne Came Ancestry.com image 2 of 116 18 July 1699
MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Frampton Dorset under the heading "1699" Lawrence SHEPPARD of Dorchester and Elizabeth ENSOR of Melcombe [Regis] were married July 18
[Note:- Lawrence was the eldest child of Lawrence & Elizabeth SHEPPARD of Dorchester and baptised at Holy Trinity Church 1st Nov 1649. He married but his 1st wife died and was buried at All Saints Church Dorchester on 8th April 1699 (probably with his parents who were both buried at All Saints). Three months later at the age of 50 he marries at Frampton to Elizabeth ENSOR who gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth on 8th April 1700 but she died and was buried at All Saints the following day. Unfortunately Elizabeth appears to had problems with the birth of her next child as well. Ann was baptised on the 5th Sep 1702 the same day that Elizabeth was buried there. Lawrence was a beneficiary under his fathers will dated 24th Dec 1689 proved 30th April 1690 see Wills index for transcription]
Marriages Frampton Dorset image Ancestry.com 49 of 219 09 May 1700 MARRIAGE:- In the Parish Church at Lyme Regis under the year Anno Dom 1700: William TURNER of Dorchester & Sarah EVANS of Lyme marry'd May ye 9th Day Marriages Lyme Regis Dorset Ancestry.com image 263 of 380 13 Mar 1700 MARRIAGE:- Robert SEGAR of Dorchester and Catharine SAMWAIES [SAMWAYS] of Winterbourne were married by Licence March ye 13 1700 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 12 of 72 21 July 1700 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset under the heading "July 21th 1700" John ROGERS of Dorchester & Mary WALLIS were married
[Note:- After marriage they settled in Holy Trinity Parish Dorchester where the following children were baptised. Mary recorded as the wife of John Rogers is probably one of the burials at HT on 10th July 1715 or 6th Oct 1718?
(1) Elizabeth Rogers (1701-1701) bap HT 24th Aug 1701 and buried there 16th Dec 1701
(2) John Rogers (1703-1703) bap HT 29th Aug 1703 and buried there 2nd Dec 1703
(3) John Rogers (1706-?) bap HT 1st Dec 1706 ]
Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com : image of original register 13 of 133 image of copy register 76 of 133 10 Nov* 1700 MARRIAGE: Richard HOW a Clockmaker of Dorchester & Anna SEYMER daughter of Richard SEYMER of Marnhull deceased were joined together as husband and wife at a public meeting of the People called Quakers held at the Sherborne Meeting in the presence of several witnesses on 10: 9. 1700 [Note:- Quaker Month 9 was actually November* not September - See Society of Quakers File for more information about his family] Marriages [Quaker BMD Records] Ancestry.com image 75 of 150 31 Mar 1701 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Winterborne Came Dorset :March 31 1701 Thomas SNOOK of Fordington & Martha COLE of Dorchester were married with Licence Marriages Winterborne Came Dorset Ancestry,com image 3 of 116 08 Jun 1701 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Woodsford Dorset Between: Charles MEADER, of Holy Trinity Dorchester and Elizabeth SKINNER, of the Parish of Woollen were married June the 8th 1701 [Note:- Charles MEADER was the son of Thomas MEADER Senior (d1691) and Jane FOOK (d.1715). This was his second marriage and Charles & Elizabeth nee Skinner had a daughter Elizabeth MEADER baptised at HT on 10th December 1714. Charles was left 1 shilling under under his mother's will when she died in 1715.He was buried at HT Church in Dorchester on 29th March 1721. Elizabeth his widow then remarried at HT Church to John FRY of Worth Matravers on 03-Feb 1728/9 Marriages Woodsford Dorset Ancestry.com image 68 of 98 10 July 1701 MARRIAGE: In the Parish Church at Mauden Newton Dorset under the heading "Marriages 1701" Samuel PADDICK of Dorchester & Joan RAWLINS [married] July 10 Marriages Maiden Newton Dorset Ancestry.com image 73 of 280 12 Aug 1701 BURIAL: In the Parish Church at Kimmeridge Dorset : Ffrances SWAINE, wife of Robert SWAINE Esq. of the Parish of St.Peter's, in the Borough of Dorchester was buried at this Parish of Kimbredg [Kimmeridge] the 12 Day of August Anno Dom: [Domini] 1701 Burials Kimmeridge Dorset Ancestry.com image 4 of 44 07 Jan 1701/2 MARRIAGE:- John HUTCHINS & Rebecca BEDLOW of Dorchester ye Banns being duly published were married Jan: ye 7th 1701 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 13 of 72 13 Jan 1702/3 MARRIAGE:- John TOMES of this parish and Priscilla BEDLOW of the parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester were marryed on the tirteenth day of January 1702/3 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 33 of 114 26 Apr 1703 MARRIAGE IN the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset Between : Thomas PAINE of Wareham & Hannah BANGER of Dorchester were married April: 26 1703
[Note:- Hannah BANGER was baptised at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester as the daughter of Richard BANGER on 28th Oct 1677. Unfortunately Parish Baptism registers for Wareham do not appear to have survived prior to 1762.
Thomas and Hannah had a son born on 21st Feb 1703/4 who was baptised at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester as Thomas the son of Thomas PAIN on 20th March 1703/4. An Inventory survives in the Dorset Archdeaconry available on ancestry.com - Image 197 of 319 which states :- "An Inventory of ye goods chattels & C {Credits} of Thomas PAINE Junior late of Wareham in ye County of Dorset deceased on 23rd of September last Appraised by us whose names are hereunto subscribed this 13th day of October 1704". From the inventory he was clearly a well established adult in Wareham and his death is the reason they only had one child. His widow Hannah PAIN re-married at Stinsford on 13th Sep 1716 to Thomas Armstrong.
Their son Thomas PAIN appears to have enlisted into the 3rd Regiment of Foot circa 1727 and served a total of 21 years before being medically discharged on 10th Feb 1748/9 as he was virtually blind.
Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com imaged - original register 13 of 133 - Copy register image 76 of 133 13 Apr 1703 BURIAL at the Parish Church in Godmanstone Dorset under the side heading of 1703: Rebecca ye wife of Mr Thomas PITMAN of Dorchester was buried here April 13th [Note:- Wife of Thomas PITMAN (d.1717) of Dorchester ] Burials Godmanstone Dorset Ancestry.com image 9 of 56 15 Apr 1703 MARRIAGE:- Josiah BYLES & Elizabeth YOUNG of Dorchester were married by Licence Apr: 15 1703 of Dorchester Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 13 of 72 11 May 1703 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset Between : James DOBER & Jane SANDER of Dorchester were married May 11th 1703 --- Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 76 of 133 26 Aug 1703 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Winterborne St Martin Dorset Thomas POUNCEY of Dorchester St Peters and Ann ENGLISH of this parish were marryed on the twenty sixth day of August 1703 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Dorset Ancestry.com image 33 of 114 29 Feb 1703/4 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset Between :Giles MORY of Dorchester & Martha GRANT of Warmwell married Febru: 29th: 1703/4 Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 76 of 133 01 May 1704 MARRIAGE:- John CLARK & Mary HARBIN of Dorchester were married ye Banns being duly published May 1st 1704 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 13 of 72 3 May 1704 MARRIAGES Winterborne Steepleton Dorset: Robert SWAYNE Esq of ye Parish of St Peters in Dorchester & Mrs Elizabeth CULLIFORD of ye same were married. Exhibited at Dorchester May 22nd 1704 Marriages Winterborne Steepleton Ancestry.com image 37 of 69 18 May 1704 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Bradford Peverell Dorset Between: John CLARK & Mary HARBIN of Dorchester were married ye Banns being duly published May 18 1704 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset Ancestry.com image 13 of 72 25 Jun 1704 Marriage in the Parish Church at St Mary's Blanford : Joseph GIGGAR of Dorchester & Eliz: [Elizabeth] CHALDECUT of Hilton were married June ye 25th 1704 [Note:- Ancestry.com also seem to have wrongly attached a copy of this register ie for Blandford St Mary to Powerstock?]
Joseph GIGER Senior (1681-1718) shown above was the 2nd of 4 children by Joseph Giger the elder by his wife Joan nee Devenish of Charminster and baptised at All Saints church in Dorchester on 8th December 1681 so was 23 years old when they married. They had the following children the first as was traditional was in her home parish. All 4 survived and are mentioned in his will dated 16th August 1718 Elizabeth nee Chaldecut pre-deceased him being buried at All Saints Church on 16th Oct 1716 followed by Joseph 18th Sep 1718.:-
(1) Joseph Gigger (Junior) (1704-1740) Bap Hilton 25th Nov 1704 . Remained a bachelor being buried at All Saints church Dorchester 20th Jan 1740/1 . Churchwarden of St Peters 1734 see inscription on 1st of St Peters 8 bells. A letter of administration was granted for his estate to his spinster sister Elizabeth 15th Apr 1741.
(2) Joan Gigger Bap All Saints Dorchester 29th Sep 1707
(3) George Gigger Bap All Saints Church Dorchester 14th july 1710
(4) Elizabeth Gigger Bap All Saints Church Dorchester 23rd Feb 1715/16, Administrator of her brother Joseph's estate in 1741.
Marriages Blandford St Marys Dorset Ancestry.com image 133 of 244 01 July 1704 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset Between George HEBARD & Fran: [Francis] POPE of Dorchester were married July 1 th [1st] Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 76 of 133 04 July 1704 MARRIAGE:-In the Parush Church at Bradford Peverell Dorset Between : John HARRIS & Marie CRANE of Dorchester were married ye banns being duly published July ye 4th 1704 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 16 of 72 20 July 1704 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset Between James GAYLARD & Rebec: [Rebecca] SHORT of Dorchester were married July 20 Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 76 of 133 08 Sep 1704
MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Winterborne Clenston Dorset Between : Samuel VAUGHAN & Catherine SHORTHOE of Dorchester marr Septembr ye 8th: 1704
Marriages Winterborne Clenston Dorset Ancestry.com image 14 of 34 05 Dec 1704 MARRIAGE:-In the Parush Church at Bradford Peverell Dorset Between : William GRAY of Fordington & Margerie SHORTER of Dorchester were married by Licence Dec: ye 5th 1704 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 16 of 72 26 Dec 1704 MARRIAGE:-In the Parush Church at Bradford Peverell Dorset Between : Robert GREY & Elizabeth PADDOCK of Dorchester were married ye banns being duly published Dec: 26 1704 Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 16 of 72 06 Feb 1704/5 MARRIAGE:- Martin WILCOCKS [WILCOX] and Sarah SOUTH of Dorchester were marryed on the sixth day of February 1704 Marriages Winterborne ST Martin Ancestry.com image 33 of 114 circa 1705 MARRIAGE:- Between William WINZAR of Dorchester in Dorset and Sarah UNKNOWN
[Note:- *His surname is also often spelt differently most common are:-WINSAR, WINSER, WINSOR, WINZAR, WINZER, WINZOR, WINDSAR, WINDZAR, WINDSER, WINDSOR etc]
[Note:- William WINZAR (1681/2-1738) was baptised at All Saints Church in Dorchester on 26 Jan 1681/2 the 2nd child from the marriage of John WINSER (1655-1743) and Mary GREENE who married at All Saints Church in Dorchester in January 1679/80. I have been unable to locate William's marriage but we can be sure he married as six of his children are beneficiaries under his younger brother Samuel WINDSAR's Will dated in 1760. These children are among those listed below. William was a witness to the Will of George GOUD a glover of Dorchester which was written on 4th July 1721. William WINZER was buried at All Saints Church on 15th July 1738. His widow Sarah WINZAR was also buried at All Saints church on 14th Jan 1754.
(1) William WINZAR (1706-1771) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 1st July 1706; William married Eleanor ANTHONY at Puddletown on 17th Sep 1734 follow link for more information about his family. He was a beneficiary of £3 under brother Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760 and died at All Saints in 1771;
(2) Sarah WINZAR (1708-1709) born on the 13th and bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 5 days later on 18th May 1708. She was buried 16 months later at William's family church of All Saints recorded as Sarah the daughter of Wm [William] & Sarah WINSOR"
(3) John WINZAR (1709- ) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 27th Dec 1709
(4) Samuel WINZAR (1711-1764) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 5th Sep 1711; Beneficiary of £3 under Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760 and buried at All Saints Church in Dorchester on 13th Apr 1764.
(5) Henry WINZAR (1713-1765) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 8th Apr 1713; Beneficiary of £3 under Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760;and buried at All Saints Church in Dorchester on 21st Jan 1765.
(6) Martha WINZAR (1716-1716) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 6th Apr 1716, Martha was buried at All Saints Church in Dorchester on 16th Dec 1716 recorded as "Martha the daughter of William WINSOR"
(7) Joseph WINZAR (1717-1717/18 ) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 26th Dec 1717, Joseph was buried at All Saints church in Dorchester on 13th Feb 1717/18 recorded as Joseph the son of William & Sarah WINSOR"
(8) Elizabeth WINZAR (1718/19-aft 1760) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 20th Mar 1718/19; Beneficiary of £5 under Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760 recorded as 'Elizabeth FRER';
(9) David WINSOR* (1722-aft 1760) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 5th Sep 1722 (* Change in spelling because of change in priest completing register); Beneficiary of £3 under Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760;
(10) Elizabeth WINSOR (1724- ) bap Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 26th Mar 1724
(11) Mary WINSOR (pre 1738-aft.1760) ? Beneficiary of £10 under Samuel WINZAR's Will dated 1st Nov 1760;
Marriage currently Unknown (July 2023) 24 Mar 1705 BURIAL: In the Parish Church at Upwey: Margaret the daughter of Mrr John GLOUER [GLOVER] an atarny [attorney] at law of the town of Dorchester in the County of Dorset was buried in woollen the 24th of March 1705 Burials Upwey Dorset Ancestry.com image 29 of 119 02 May* 1705 MARRIAGE:- John GALPIN of Marnhull son of Stephen GALPIN of the same & Elizabeth BEDLOE daughter of Samuel BEDLOE of Dorchester were joined together as husband and wife at a public meeting of the aforesaid people at Dorchester in presence of John ELLIS, Richard HOW, Samuel BEDLOE, Joan BEDLOE, Anna HOW, Edith BEDLOE Mellion BAGG Etc the 2: 3: (Note:- actually May* not March) 1705 { See entry in Dorchester Quakers File for more information about the family. Marriages [Quaker BMD Records] Ancestry.com image 75 of 150 08 May 1705 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Winterborne Came Dorset under the heading "Anno Dom.1705" Between : Robert GAPE of Dorchester and Martha FOOK of ye same were married May 8th with Banns Marriages Winterborne Came Dorset Ancestry.com image 17 of 116 10 May 1705 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset under the heading "1705" Thomas TOWNSON & Mary POOKE of Dorchester were married May 10th Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 77 of 133 20 July* 1705 MARRIAGE:- Thomas CARTER son of Nicholas CARTER of Tarrent Monkton & Edith BEDLOE daughter of Samuel BEDLOE of Dorchester were joined together as husband & wife in the presence of many witnesses at a Meeting of Friends at Charminster the 20: 5: (Note:- actually July* not May) 1705 Marriages [Quaker BMD Records] Ancestry.com image 75 of 150 13 Sep 1705 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset under the heading "1705" Francis FILDREW Exon, & Joan GOULD of Dorchester marry'd 7ber 13 [Refers to 13th day of September - Link to Glossary explanation] Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 77 of 133 16 Sep 1705 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Winterborne Came Dorset under the heading "Anno Dom.1705" Between :: William ALLEN of ye Parish of All Saints in Dorchester and Margaret READ Widow of the same place were married with licence Sept 16th Marriages Winterborne Came Dorset Ancestry.com image 17 of 116 01 Oct 1705 MARRIAGE In the Parish Church at Stinsford Dorset under the heading "1705" Robert WHITE married Susanna PARSONS of Dorchester Marry'd 8ber - Link to Glossary explanation] Marriages Stinsford Dorset Ancestry.com image in original register 13 of 133 and copy register image 77 of 133 17 Oct 1705 MARRIAGES Winterborne Steepleton Dorset: Charles MORGAN of ye Parish of St Stephen in Exon in ye County of Devon & Eleanor HEMLYING HEMLING] of ye Parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester in ye County were married Marriages Winterborne Steepleton Ancestry.com imae 37 of 69 20 Jan 1705/6 MARRIAGE:-In the Parish Church at Bradford Peverell Dorset Between : John BARTLET & Jane GRINDHAM of Dorchester All Saints Parish ye banns being duly published were married Jan: 20th 1705
[Note:- Jane GRINDHAM (1665- ) had been baptised at All Saints church on 14th July 1665 the daughter of Nathaniel & Jane GRINDHAM. [Not located any baptisms in Dorset following marriage?]
Marriages Bradford Peverell Dorset ancestry.com image 16 of 72 05 Feb 1705/6 MARRIAGE in the Parish Church at Winterborne Came Dorset under the heading "Anno Dom.1705" Betwee
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Twillingate Sun 1894
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Welcome to Newfoundland's Grand Banks Genealogy site. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history.
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Politics False Statements. Some of the Tories who lately returned from St. John's have falsely reported that Sir William WHITEWAY has gone to England and that he was summoned there by the Imperial authorities. It is scarcely necessary for us to say that such a statement is a gross and deliberate falsehood, as any one of common sense must know. Sir William WHITEWAY, or any other Premier, is in no respect amenable to the Imperial government for his political actions in this colony. The people are the only real tribunal that he need fear, and when an opportunity offers, there is no question but they will endorse his policy more so than ever in the past, and return his party to power with sweeping majorities. It is true that the Courts of our land may decide against him, but it is even possible for prejudice to permeate the highest earthly tribunals in existence, and more eminent interpreters of law than those who administer law and justice in our land may take an entirely different view of the statute under which these election cases have been tried, and just as correctly, come to the conclusion that the decisions given have been wrong, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the election, and the custom that has prevailed regarding the expenditure of public monies for more than fifty years. But as we have said, the report of the People's Leader being summoned to England is a pure fabrication of the Tories. It is by falsehood and deception that they have hedged into power, and they are going to try to hold on by the same unmanly and unprincipled course of action, but they are not likely to succeed as the electorate of the colony are not going to be imposed on the this unpatriotic manner. A Noble-Hearted Priest By advices from Coachman's Cove, as well as from information furnished by the shipwrecked people themselves, we are placed in possession of pretty well all the details regarding the loss of the ill-fated schooner "Rose", while on her way to Labrador. Most of those details have already appeared in these columns; but there is one circumstance connected with the unfortunate affair which deserves special mention. We refer to the self-sacrificing conduct of the noble-hearted Roman Catholic priest of Coachman's Cove - the Rev. Father SHEAN. As soon as the survivors reached port and he became acquainted with the disaster, the Reverend gentleman hastened to their relief. He found them in the deepest distress, and some of them with no covering beyond their scanty night-clothes. His big generous heart was touched and the tears ran down his cheeks at the sight of so much human suffering. But he did not stop here: with a bag across his shoulders he proceeded from house to house, among his hospitable people, getting a coat here, a dress there, and some other article somewhere else, until the bag was filled, when he returned to the sufferers, placed the contents at their disposal and continued his labor of love, not resting till all that could possibly be done for them was accomplished. In this pre-eminently selfish age, such actions as these shine across the pathway of life like bright rays of sunlight after a dark and stormy night. We are proud to find among the outlying settlements of the colony, men of Father SHEAN's goodness of soul; and we may be sure that our pride is not lessened anything by the fact that he is a native Newfoundlander - a Newfoundlander "to the manor born". - Evening Telegram, July 3. Caplin There has been an abundance of caplin in some of the coves this week and many barrels have been taken for manure. Shipping News The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, comes North this trip. She did not leave St. John's until Thursday evening, and may be looked for here some time this evening. Her trip extends as far as Griquet this time. The next trip of the Northern coastal steamer will extend as far as Red Bay, Labrador to connect with the mail steamer "Windsor Lake", which was to have left St. John's on the 2nd inst. For the coast, going as far as Hopedale and Fanny's Harbor the first trip. (The "Grand Lake" left Seldom-Come-By, 10.30 this morning and will be expected here about five or six o'clock this evening.) The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for St. John's on Thursday morning with a cargo or seal oil for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The "Terra Nova" arrived from St. John's Thursday afternoon. Late local papers were received by her, extracts from which will be found in other columns. The "Mary Parker," Capt. CARTER, belonging to E. DUDER, left for St. John's last Saturday evening with a cargo of oil and returned on Thursday, bringing a load of merchandise. She made the round trip in five days. Codfish Codfish have been exceedingly scarce around our shores the past week, and scarcely anything at all has been done. The prospect has not been worse for many years. Diphtheria Diphtheria has been prevalent at Leading Tickles for some time past, and Dr. SCOTT has been visiting that locality to give medical treatment to the afflicted ones. Mr. James NOSEWORTHY at Thimble Tickles (a place near by) we are sorry so say, lost five children from this disease. New S.A. Yacht A new yacht built at Robert's Arm the past winter by Mr. Francis WARR for the Salvation Army, arrived here from that place last Saturday evening. This little craft is called the "Salvationist." She is a handsome model, sloop rigged, about thirty tons, and is intended for evangelistic work on the Labrador for which she appears to be admirably adapted. This, no doubt, is a step in the right direction on the part of the Salvation Army. Exploration Party TABOR and LLOYD Exploring Party. The TABOR and LLOYD exploration party sailed for Labrador in the s.s. "Swallow" this morning. They go as far as Nain on the Labrador coast. The members of the party are; TABOR and LLOYD leaders; MURPHY, manager of the drills; REGADD, seaman; WHELAN, pilot; and RENDELL, chief engineer. The party were photographed in a group. There was a general hand-shaking. good byes and good luck to you. - Daily News, June 30. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered. July 2 - "My Lady", LARSON, Cadiz, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K....ES, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K.....ES, St. John's, ballast - Captain; July 5 - "Western Lass," BARTLETT, Harbor Grace, ballast - Captain. Birth On the 27th ult., the wife of Mr. Archibald BARRETT, a son. Married At St. John's on the 27th ult., by the Rev. Dr. HARVEY, William H. THOMPSON, Esq., of Harbor Grace, to Clara Maria SCOTT, eldest daughter of Robert SCOTT, Esq., of Fogo. Died At Thimble Tickle, Leading Tickles, of diphtheria, the following children of James NOSEWORTHY: On June 7, Albert, aged 1 years; June 11, Charlotte, aged 3 years; June 17, James, aged 9 years; June 20th, Elijah, aged 12 years; June 24th, Henry, aged 7 years. Died At St. John's on the 26th ult., Jessie [looks like RHYMA ] Holmes, beloved wife of Ernest G. MARTIN. Little Bay Closed (Part 1) "Mining Operations Suspended at Little Bay." "Need for Public Works." It is with much regret that we learn of the closing down of Little Bay mine. The vigorous operations that have been carried on there have given remunerative employment to hundreds of our people, and the suspension of work will be a severe loss, not alone to the place, but to the district and the country in general. It is over a year since operations were considerably curtailed, and it was hoped all along that a fresh impetus would again be given to the mining industry there, but we are sorry to find that such hopes have been blighted, as instructions were received to the effect that operations are to be entirely suspended for the present. A considerable quantity of ore has been taken out the past winter and spring, and it cannot be altogether owing to the scarcity of copper ore that such an action has been taken on the part of the owners, as we learn, of late the mine is looking better than for some time past. Little Bay Closed (Part 2) But as it is quite deep, and other expensive machinery would be required shortly for raising the ore to the surface, the low price of copper just now may not warrant the proprietors in making the large additional expenditure necessary for carrying on operations, and this may be one of the chief reasons why they have ceased. But it is hoped that it is not for very long. At any rate it is a sad blow for Little Bay as there are many families there who were solely depending on the employment which the working of this mine gave, and now that this forum is closed, they know not where to look for support. Seeing that so many of our people have thus been unexpectedly thrown out of work, it is only right and proper that the Government (of which Mr. GOODRIDGE is now Premier and has the power), should come to their assistance in this emergency, and we trust that no time will be lost in dealing with this important matter. There is that road from Hall's Bay to Exploits, to connect with the railway, which was started last year by the WHITEWAY government, and on which a large number of men could be employed. Little Bay Closed (Part 3) This will be found to be a most valuable road, notwithstanding what has been said to the contrary by opponents of the WHITEWAY party. It was used last winter as the mail route for that part of the district, and the short time that the mails were received from St. John's alone, shows its value. The money for such work is already provided, as there is upwards of forty thousand dollars of the amount raised by the WHITEWAY government still unexpended, and if the GOODRIDGE party include such expenditures on public works as bribery under the Election Act, they need not be afraid that such a mean, cowardly and unmanly advantage will be taken of them by the Whitewayites, in thus providing our Little Bay people, or others, with labor on this road, out of the balance remaining over for railway connecting roads. Therefore we trust that prompt action will be taken on their behalf. Death "Death of Mr. R.G. STORY." The sad intelligence was received here on Saturday last of the death of the Rev. G.P. STORY, ex-president of the Methodist Conference. He had been residing at Whitbourne the past year and was in tolerably good health until a little over a month since, when he was taken very ill, and was removed to St. John's about a fortnight before his death. Mr. STORY was a Guardian and Chaplain of the Methodist Home before the buildings were destroyed by fire in 1892, and was re-appointed to that position by the Conference which closed at St. John's last week. Last year, the honor was conferred upon him of being elected as President of the Conference, and worthily filled that important office. In his demise, the Methodist Church has lost a true and valiant worker and one that is likely to be greatly missed in the execution of plans for the furtherance of the various agencies in connection with the Methodist denomination in this colony. Though he may be personally unknown to many of our readers in these parts, we dare say his name is familiar to hundreds, particularly to the Methodist people, as he was editor of the Methodist Monthly Greeting, which finds its way into many of their homes. We tender our sympathy to the sorrowing wife and family in their bereavement. Escapade "Yesterday's Escapade at SHEA's". There was an amusing escapade on SHEA's wharf yesterday. Messrs. MARSHALL & RODGERS, who have refused payment of duty on goods under the present Tory regime, concluded yesterday to get up a few cases of stock, very much called for by customers. To avoid Tory red-tapeism, they paid duty on those distinct cases, and procured a permit. Mr. RODGERS proceeded to SHEA's wharf with a carman and had those cases put on the car, and, before he had time to take the permit from his pocket, tidewaiters, who had 'till then been in other parts, came hastily along and began throwing off the load without any painstaking or questions. Meanwhile, Mr. SHEA came down and spoke in vehement terms of pains and penalties. Mr. RODGERS gave a happy side smile at the fili-busters; then added: "Look here, George, you have notified us to take away our goods. Now I have come down with a car and you cry out against it. See here, I want to know what time will suit you for me to come down with a few dozen cars, and take the lot away. Will half-past two do?" "Oh! It is no use in your coming down like that," replied Mr. SHEA, "I will have the doors closed." and away he skipped. Then the permit was produced, accompanied with the imperative order: "Load up that car again," and the tide-waiters had to do so. Meanwhile, some Customs officials ran to the Colonial Building to report a riot on for 2.30; while Mr. SHEA rang up the telephone and related to Fort Townsend and other places, particulars of the scenes that were to be. Policemen were marched down, and other necessary precautions against "another riot" were taken. The poor Tories were on a string, and suffered enough mental worry to cause serious prostration, while Mr. RODGERS, like a good citizen, went his way laughing - Telegram, July 4. Draft of Stations (Part 1) "Methodist Conference". Final Draft of Stations. George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., President. A.D. MORTON, M.A., Secretary. I - St. John's District 1. St. John's (Gower Street) A.D. MORTON, M.A. 2. St. John's West, H.P. COWPERTHWAITE, M.A.; J.J. BLYTHE, James DOVE, Supernumary; George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., Superintendant of Education by permission of Conference. 3. St. John's East, John PRATT, Geo. P. STORY, Governor and Chaplin of Home. 4. Pouch Cove, H.C. HATCHER, B.D. 5. Topsail, A. HILL. 6. Brigus, W.T.D. DUNN. 7. Cupids, S. MATTHEWS, C.W. FOLLETT. 8. Bay Roberts, etc., F.G. WILLEY. 9. Whitbourne and Railway Mission, John REAY. 10. Flower's Cove, Supply. 11. St. Anthony, Charles SQUIRES. 12. Red Bay, Akyroyd STONEY. 13. Hamilton Inlet. Supply. 14. Chapel Arm, under superindendance of J. REAY. 15. Sound Island, T.E. ROBERTS. 16. Labrador, summer months, C.W. FOLLETT, J.J. DURRANT, left without appointment at his own request. Students attending Sackville University: J.E. PETERS, C. FLEMINGTON, W. PATTERSON, W.B. AMBROSE, A.N. ANTLE, Herbert CLEGG, George STONEY. Wm. SEALEY attending Victoria University by permission of Conference. A.C. SKINNER attending Boston University by permission of Conference. Draft of Stations (Part 2) II - Carbonear District: 17. Carbonear, James NURSE, G.E. HEAL. 18. Harbor Grace, William SWANN. 19. Freshwater, Jesse HAYFIELD. 20. Blackhead, Samuel SNOWDEN. 21. Western Bay, William KENDALL. 22. Lower Island Cove, Wm. R. TRATT. 23. Old Perlican, R. FREEMAN. 24. Hant's Harbor, James WILSON. 25. Heart's Content, J. PINCOCK. 26. Green's Harbor, W.J. BARTLETT. 27. Shoal Harbor, John PYE. 28. Northern Bight, Jas. SMITH, B.A. 29. Britannia Cove, F.G. DRAKE. W.SWANN, Chairman; W.KENDALL, Fin. Secy. III - Bonavista District: 30. Bonavista, T.W. ATKINSON. 31. Bird Island Cove, A.A. HOLMES. 32. Catalina, Mark FENWICK. 33. Trinity, Edgar TAYLOR. 34. Musgrave Town, W.H. DATCHON. 35. Glover Town, Wm. J. LUSCOMBE. 36. Greenspond, Charles LEACH. 37. Wesleyville, Jabez HILL. 38. Musgrave Harbor, T.B. DARBY, B.A. 39. Indian Islands, etc., H.J. INDOE, B.A. 40. Fogo, J.J. WHEATLEY. 41. Herring Neck, William HARRIS. 42. Twillingate, .. Curtis, B.A.; W.W. EDMUNSON. 43. Morton's Harbor, S.J. RUSSELL. 44. Exploits, Henry SCOTT. 45. Laurence, etc., Selby JEFFERSON. 46. Little Bay Islands, etc., Wm. J. HUTCHESON; Edgar JONES. 47. Little Bay, Wm. H. BROWNING. 48. Nipper's Harbor, etc., J.C. SEDEY; Edwin MOORE. 49. White Bay, James OPIE. Wm. REX left without appointment at his own request. Jabez HILL, Chairman. Mark FENWICK, Fin. Secy. Draft of Stations (Part 3) IV - Burin District: 50. Burin, T.H. JAMES. 51. Spoon Cove, Charles HOWSE. 52. Flat Islands. A.E. ROWSON. 53. St. Pierre, One wanted. 54. Fortune, George PAINE. 55. Grand Bank, G.C. FRAZER. 56. Garnish, etc., R.K. PECK. 57. Burgeo, Supply. 58. Petites, Eugene FORSEY. 59. Channel, J.T. NEWMAN. 60. St. George's Bay, Jas. J. KELLY. 61. Bay of Islands, etc., R.M.B. 62. Bonne Bay, J.C.B. PECK. 63. French Shore, Supply. T.H. JAMES, Chairman; J.T. NEWMAN Fin. Secy. The following resolution was adopted: -- "That on behalf of the young men ordained on Monday night, July 2nd, the best thanks of the Conference be presented to the Rev. Dr. CARMAN, D.D. General Superintendent, for his very able, earnest and impressive charge delivered on that occasion, and that the same be published in the 'Greeting' ." Schooners Collide "A Collision". A schooner called the "Mary Jane", Archelaus TAYLOR, master, of Harbor Grace, while beating into St. Anthony Harbor one day last week, was run into by the schooner "Blanche", Thos. LANE, of Ragged Harbor, Trinity Bay, and in a few minutes the Mary Jane went to the bottom, the crew, seven in all, barely having time to jump on the other craft and get clear before going down. It was blowing a stiff breeze at the time and the Mary Jane had just tacked to clear a craft at anchor, and to avoid the land, and the Blanche, it is said, was going across the harbor, and might easily have avoided a collision. She struck about amidships, cutting the side in about twenty-two inches, and was immediately proceeding on her way, without stopping to see what damage had been done, or whether the craft would "sink or swim". The Mary Jane was going to the Labrador fishing and the loss is a severe one to all concerned. Shipping News The "Terra Nova" touched here yesterday from Indian Arm with a cargo of lumber for St. John's. The schooner "A.G. Heisler," Capt. McKINNON, arrived from Sydney this morning with a cargo of coal for Harvey & Co. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", arrived here Thursday morning going South. She reports a little being done with the fish about St. Anthony and other places along the coast. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, returned from St. John's last evening, bringing back a cargo of provisions, &c., for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. She left there eight o'clock the previous morning and had a nice run home. The "Victoria", James NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay Thursday night, having gone there some time ago on a trading trip for Mr. WATERMAN. She brought back about 400 seals in casks and a quantity of seal skins. The fishery prospects in some parts of White Bay are very fair. The "Ocean Traveller" and "Notre Dame", belonging to Mr. R. QUIRK Fortune Harbor, left here for Labrador this week, one on Wednesday and the other on Thursday. The "Star of the Sea," Maurice CARROL, master, of same place, also sailed on Thursday for Labrador. The steam launch "Lance," belonging to Messrs. Job Brothers, St. John's, employed this year on the Bay to connect with the train at Norris' Arm, made her first visit here on Saturday evening last. Mr. John DALTON is in charge, who no doubt is well acquainted with the route the little steamer has to take. The Lance is much the same size as the "Matilda," but for political reasons the GOODRIDGE party preferred going to St. John's for a steamer to perform the bay service this season. The route is different from last year, but whether it will prove as satisfactory to the general public remains to be seen. Weather It has been splendid growing weather of late and crops are looking well. Labrador Fleet All the Labrador fleet have taken their departure. We trust that favorable winds and weather will accompany them and that success will attend their efforts. The Fishery There is little or no improvement in the fishery around here the past week. A few boats got as much as a quintal one or two days but on the whole it is very scarce. All around this part of the shore it is much the same. At North West Arm, Green Bay, the early part of the week some boats did very well, getting from two to three quintals per day. Death Mr. Thomas BUCKLEY, of St. John's, died very suddenly of heart disease at Comfort Cove on the 3rd inst. Dr. STAFFORD left here in the "Fleta" to attend him but before he reached the place, death had done its fatal work. His body was conveyed to St. John's per "Grand Lake". Death We are sorry to learn of the death of J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector of Little Bay, which took place on the 6th inst. He was in his 78th year, and although attaining this ripe age, he appeared to be quite smart and active until within a few months of his death. For nearly twenty years he has filled the office of Sub-Collector, first at Bett's Cove and then at Little Bay and was a most efficient officer. He bore his illness patiently and entered calmly into rest at an advanced age. To his sorrowing wife and family we tender our sympathy - under the trying ordeal through which they have thus been called to pass. Death We learn that Mr. John FRAMPTON, of Exploits, passed peacefully away on the 7th inst., at the advanced age of 70 years. He was one of the old standards, and for some years held the post of ferryman, and sexton in the Methodist church, which positions he filled satisfactorily. His funeral took place on Sunday last and was largely attended by relatives and friends, the ceremony being performed by the Lay Reader, Mr. Simon MANUEL, in the absence of Rev. Wm. SCOTT, who was attending Conference. For many years, Mr. FRAMPTON was a member of the Methodist Society, and was a well meaning man and consistent Christian. His end was peace. We sympathise with the bereaved family in their bereavement. Birth On the 9th inst., the wife of Mr. Charles BISHOP, of a son. Died At Little Bay on the 6th inst., J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector, in his 78th year. Died At Exploits on the 7th inst., Mr. John FRAMPTON, aged 70 years. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 9 - "Emulator:, KENDERICK, Turk's Island, 254 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared: July 11 - "Galatea," CROSS, St. John's, oil and skins - E. DUDER. July 12 - "Pe..y", Huxâ¦, Sydney, ballast, Captain. Absence of Dean "A Well Merited Rest". The rural Dean for Notre Dame Bay, Rev. R. TEMPLE, left here by the little steamer "Lance" on Monday last for Tilt Cove to take passage by the steamer "Austerlitz" for England, which was to sail for there on Thursday. Mr. TEMPLE left somewhat unexpectedly. He has a sister in a low state of health suffering from the insidious disease, consumption, and after a twenty years' absence, he felt that he would like to see her once more in the flesh, and as this favorable opportunity offered of getting to the Mother Country so quickly, by this copper steamer going direct, he decided to go by her. The Rev. gentleman is a most indefatigable worker, and for upwards off seventeen years he has labored incessantly for the spiritual good of the Church people here, as well as for the social and moral welfare of the community generally, and after so many years of constant toil, he is certainly entitled to a few week's rest, such as will be afforded by the trip on which he has just started. It will doubtless invigorate and better fit him on his return to re-enter upon the arduous duties devolving upon him in this parish. He expects to be absent about six weeks. We wish him a pleasant voyage across the Atlantic and a safe return to his family and Church flock, when the time comes for his journey homeward. New Church "Laying Corner Stone Gower Street Church." The corner stone of the new Gower St. Methodist Church, St. John's was laid on the 5th inst., in the presence of a large concourse of people. The ceremony was a very imposing one. A platform was erected for the occasion on which, our contemporary, the Royal Gazette tells us, "were representatives from the city choirs and several prominent ladies and gentlemen, as well as the members of the Quarterly Board, and Board of Trustees, and the ministers then attending Conference. Appropriate hymns were sung, and the Scripture read, and excellent addresses were delivered by Drs. CARMAN, WITHROW, MILLIGAN and DOVE, and also by the Hon, J.J. ROGERSON. J.E. PETERS, Esq., read the parchment and list of papers, coins, etc., which were placed under the stone, and R.K. BISHOP, Esq., presented the trowel to the General Suberindendent, Dr. CARMAN, who, before the vast assemblage, solemnly declared the stone to be well and truly laid in the name of the father, Son and Holy Ghost." Visiting Bishop "Bishop BRENNAN's Visit North". His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN was a passenger North on the "Grand Lake" last time, making the round trip, the steamer going as far as Griquet. He landed at nearly all the ports of call and was much pleased with the receptions received. When the steamer was here, both going to and returning from the North, his Lordship was the guest of Mrs. TOBIN. A Little Bay telegraphic correspondent to the Evening Herald of the 9th inst., referring to His Lordship's visit says:- "The Grand Lake, having on board His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, arrived at 2 p.m. yesterday. His Lordships visit being unexpected, was an agreeable surprise to his co-religionists on this Northern part of the island. Great was their regret that they had not been apprised of his coming, so that they might have prepared for him a right regal reception,. However, their welcome was none the less warm. At Pilley's Island the Bishop offered the holy sacrifice of the Mass, and preached a magnificent and most instructive sermon from the gospel of the day, taking as his text, "Thou render an account of thy stewardship." The little school chapel was packed with hardy miners and their families, and the crew and some passengers of the Grand Lake. Bishop BRENNAN continued his pleasure trip North, and thus far is very highly pleased with the scenery, etc., on this side of our island home." Bishop BRENNAN seemed to be greatly delighted with his tour North as we gather from the Evening Telegram of Monday last:-- "His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, who has just returned from his round trip North on the Grand Lake, expresses himself well pleased with it. The scenery was most picturesque to the eye, while there was magnificent grandeur even in the towering barren rocks. He landed at all ports of call, and has warm expressions regarding the whole-souled, kindly disposition of the people." Death "Death of Promising Young Man at Herring Neck." Dear Mr. Editor, I shall be much obliged if you will insert the following words in your valuable paper. Philip Bennet BLANDFORD. On the 30th of June, P.B. BLANDFORD passed from Herring Neck to be "forever with the Lord". The call to leave the earthly tabernacle was not unexpected by him, neither did it find him unready. All the time he was wanting to enjoy more of the blessing of the Lord that maketh rich, and addeth no sorrow with it. His testimony was "I am going home to die no more". The day before he died his sister asked him if he could not get to sleep. he said, "I shall soon be asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep". His death is keenly felt by his father and mother, who for may years have been partners in his joys and sorrows, and by the family. His end was peace. Yours sincerely, J.R. STONEY. Herring Neck, July 18th. Transatlantic Cable "Arrival of The Cable Ships". The cable ships, having on board the 1894 cable, arrived in Heart's Content - the "Scotia" on Friday, the "Britannia" on Monday. The coal tender, the "Loughrigg Holme," also arrived on Monday morning. The Scotia is commanded by Capt. W.R. CATO; is 2,931 tons register; 368 feet long; 47 feet beam, and draws aft 28 feet. Her passengers and crew are numbered 130. She was built in 1879 by Messrs. THOMPSON & Co., Sunderland, and was in Heart's Content before - in 1880. Early on Monday morning, when about 60 miles off, in a dense fog, this steamer struck an iceberg, receiving considerable damages to her bow. She was going about 3 miles per hour at the time and struck the berg on a slant. Had her speed been fast, the result would have been disastrous in the extreme. One of the crew, a man aged 36 years, died from the shock of the vessel striking. He had been ill before, and was weakened. The shock affected and stopped the action of the heart. The Britannia, Captain KENNEDY, is a smaller vessel - about 900 tons. The Loughrigg Hoome is a coal-tender, about 1100 tons. The vessels are owned by the Cable Maintenance & Construction Co., (Ltd.), London. The steamers were expected to leave Heart's Content to-day on their trip to lay down the 1700 miles of cable necessary to connect both sides of the Atlantic. - H.G. Standard, July 9. The Courts "Sir Terence on the Witness Stand". Governor O'BRIEN appeared in Court this forenoon, in obedience to a summons, and gave his evidence in re the Placentia case. He was examined by Mr. EMERSON, Q.C., who elicited from him some important information. In to-morrow's Telegram we shall have something to remark about Sir Terence's evidence. Suffice it to say, for the present, that His Excellency seemed irritable and inclined to show "a little temper" during the examination. - Telegram, July 13. Cow For Sale A good milch cow is offered for sale. Intending purchasers to apply at the South Side Parsonage, on or before Wednesday next. J. HILL. Farming Grass has grown very well this season and in one or two fields around here, mowing has commenced. The crop this year is likely to be large. Appointment Mr. Willis DUDER of Little Bay, has been appointed Sub-Collector for that port in place of his late father, whose death was announced in last week's Sun. Mining The smelting works at Tilt Cove are in full swing and are very successful under the new manager, and mining operations there are prosecuted most vigorously. Fisheries Salmon have not been plentiful around our shores this summer and those who usually fit out for this fishery have done poorly. Some of the lobster packers are doing well. The Fishery We learn that two or three fishing craft have returned to Change Islands from the Northward with good fares. A few Southern craft have been seen passing our harbor bound home, apparently well fished. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for White Bay yesterday morning on a trading venture for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Reports from some parts of that Bay say that pretty good fishing has been done, though in other places it has been very poor. The fishery around our shores has been as bad this week as it has been at all, and that is bad enough, as many fishermen could not get sufficient to eat some days. The outlook is gloomy in the extreme, but it is hoped an improvement will soon take place. One of Mr. OSMONDs fishing craft returned to Morton's Harbor from the French Shore the early part of the week with about one hundred and twenty quintals cod fish. We learn that another schooner belonging to Expolits came back having done fairly. These are the first arrivals of any account so far this season. The Fishery "Squids in Portugal Cove." Portugal Cove men were very fortunate this morning with squids. Boats with an average of two men each, jigged from a thousand to twelve hundred. Fish would not be caught by them, however. It is vexing to know that the ground is covered with fish but that they won't bite. Later on they may. - Telegram, July 16. Bay Steamer The Bay steamer "Lance" did not arrive here from Norris'' Arm, this week until early Sunday, the train not arriving there at the usual time, Saturday morning. She went as far as Fogo, which is her terminus on the Southern route, calling at Herring Neck and Change Islands, and returned here two o'clock Monday afternoon or her way around the bay. The Lance's route is changed, and instead of going direct to Shoe Cove from here, she goes inland and touches at the various ports of call, and coming as the Matilda did last season, which will be more accommodating to the public. Passengers The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, left St. John's on Tuesday morning and arrived here at 2 p.m. Thursday, visiting the usual intermediate ports of call. She had a good deal of freight and a large number of passengers. Several of the Ministers returning to their circuits were among the passengers including Rev. S. RUSSEL and wife for Morton's Harbor, Rev. C. WEED and wife, Rev. H. SCOTT and wife for Exploits, Rev. W. HUTCHINSON and wife for Little Bay Island, Rev. W. BROWNING and wife for Little Bay, Mrs. CORNER and child for Twillingate. The Grand Lake makes her first trip to Battle harbor to connect with the Labrador steamer and may not be expected back returning South before Wednesday or Thursday, next. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 14 - A.G. Heisler, McKINNON, Sydney, 166 tons coals - R.D. HODGE. Cleared: July 13 - My Lady, RIDER, Sydney, Ballast - J.W. OWEN. Birth On the 14th inst., at St. Mary's Parsonage, Herring Neck, the wife of the Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, S.P.G.M. & L.M.P., of a son. Married On the 15th inst., at St. Peter's Church, by the Rev. R. Temple, R.D., Mr, George ROBERTS, to Miss Eleanor PEYTON. For Sale At Jackson's Cove in the best part of the Harbor. A small piece of ground with water side, and a house partly finished. For further particulars apply to L. NEWHOOK, Jackson's Cove. Politics (Part 1) "Judgement in Trinity Case". We understand that the judgement in the Trinity case was given on Wednesday last, resulting in the unseating and disqualifying of Sir. W.V. WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND, and the unseating merely of Mr. WATSON. The charges preferred against all the members petitioned against were somewhat similar, and as the judgement in the previous cases were adverse to the WHITEWAY party, we did not expect anything different in the Trinity case, as it appeared to be a foregone conclusion on the part of the conspirators, that the leaders especially should be "killed out" politically, that is if the unprincipled Tory faction, (to which his Excellency the Governor seems to be pandering), can have their way. It is evident that they are succeeding in their malicious designs for the present, but it cannot continue may months. As soon as the people have an opportunity of doing so at the polls they will show the unscrupulous politicians, who have wrenched the government from the WHITEWAY party, in the most mean and cowardly manner that ever any body of men could get control of political power, that they, Politics (Part 2) (the free and independent electors of this colony), are not going to be treated in such a shameful way, as they have been by the Tory faction, who have deprived them of the representatives of their own choice, because they were instrumental in getting a few paltry dollars expended in some of the small localities, on roads or some other useful public work. The very thing they have charged the members of the WHITEWAY party with, the GOODRIDGE-MORINE government are now doing themselves, that of expending public monies without any Legislative authority, and his Excellency the Governor, sanctions such illegal acts, on the part of the acting Executive Government by which he is now surrounded. Truly, Newfoundlander's are a poor down-trodden people, and the serfs in Russia could not be treated much worse. But never mind, there is a day of reckoning coming, and, notwithstanding the villainous attempts from the highest officials in the land to some of the meanest of them, to crush Sir William WHITEWAY and his Party of Progress out of existence, the vast majority of the people are with him, and when an appeal is made to the country, the result of the polls will more than show that Sir William is the most popular political leader we have ever had, and one of whom the fishermen and working classes of the country may well feel proud. Personal (Part 1) "Anonymous Letters." It is greatly regretted that there should exist amongst us, persons evil-minded enough, to indulge in the writing of anonymous letters to private individuals, and by such a course, attack them as it were with a dagger in the dark, and thus attempt to secretly assail the private reputations of those, against whom they may happen to entertain personal spite or animosity. It is a course that is to be deprecated, and we can hardly think that any one, with a spark of honor or principle, would adopt such a plan to give vent to their spleen against the parties aimed at. It is mean and cowardly in the extreme, particularly when it touches the secrecy of the home, and attempts to destroy that harmony which a happy wedlock should ever create. If a person has anything to say to one with whom he or she may be at variance, why not face them in a straightforward and manly way, instead of sending anonymous letters? Personal (Part 2) It is the means too, almost invariably, of having the wrong persons suspected, and very often those who are entirely innocent are blamed, and we are sorry to have to publish a letter in today's Sun from Mrs. Andrew LINFIELD, positively denying the insinuations that have been currently reported, respecting the suspicion that has been put on her, of having written or sent letters recently received by Mrs. HILL. It is quite evident, however, that Mrs. L. had nothing to do with such a diabolical action, and for one to be accused falsely, is as bad as for the person who may be the recipient of such dastardly effusions. We are not aware that either Mr. or Mrs. HILL did anything while here, to merit such treatment from anyone, and we deeply deplore that spirit that has thus been manifested by the parties in the letters referred to, and while it may be enjoyed by them and be entirely confined to one or two individuals, we believe that the community as a whole, most strongly resents such a dastardly way of retaliating for a supposed wrong, or feeling of enmity that may be entertained for one another, because of any misunderstanding existing between them, and for the sake of the parties thus affected and the community at large, we are extremely sorry that such a mode of ventilating spleen should have been resorted to. Personal (Part 3) "Wrongly Suspected". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir: - Permit me through the columns of your valuable paper, to deny emphatically, and to clear myself of a very mean, low, and disreputable thing that I was suspected of doing a short time ago. It appears that the Rev. Mr. or Mrs. HILL, I don't know which of the two, received some anonymous letters whilst in Twillingate, and between them, they suspected me of writing them, for what cause he would not satisfy me, but I simply say here sir, that I firmly believe it was for no other purpose but to malign, and to destroy my reputation, as that gentleman says those letters were very debased, and not fit to read. I take it as a gross insult. I will tell him my time is more profitably occupied. My husband and family, and business are of more importance to me than the affairs of private individuals. Yours respectfully, E.P. LINFIELD. Twillingate, July 26th, 1894. Bay Steamers (Part 1) Bay Steamer "Lance". (To the Editor, Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- A word or two relating to the SS Lance, our Bay steamer. We were pleased to take a short trip by her a few days age, and the travelling public will agree with me in acknowledging the great convenience such a boat is, on such an important bay as ours. And we must thank the WHITEWAY Government for their kind consideration of our rights in this respect, for to them the credit is due. Some of our Tilt Cove friends gave the pioneer boat the name of baitskiff. To the owners of that boat belong the credit of supplying bait at a low figure and there was no extra charge if you needed bait four times a day instead of two. We notice under a change of government a clean sheet, and you learn as you enter the saloon, that for every mile you travel under sixty miles you are to pay 4cts. per mile, and 3cts. per mile for sixty or over. From Twillingate to North West Arm is about forty-eight miles and would cost $1.92. You can hardly do it without taking four meals, two dinners, a tea, and a breakfast, costing you $1.00 making the total cost $2.92. The "Virginia Lake" or "Grand Lake" with first class accommodation in every particular, will take you to Little Bay or Nipper's Harbor for $2.00. Bay Steamers (Part 2) By the latter, business men and well-to-do people generally travel. By the former the poor class. We look upon the charge for fare and passage to be far too high, and it meets with general dissatisfaction in this Bay. It is hoped a change in this particular can be made. It is a wonder the hero of the bait-skiff letter of Tilt Cove, who made himself so prominent last year, is not more interested in Bay steam this year. I dare say he thinks to himself, "I had just as well be quiet for no one will regard me now, for the one is a near picture of the other". We found Capt. DALTON very kind and obliging, and consider him fully fitted for the post committed to his trust, and we feel assured he will give general satisfaction. The chief engineer and steward are very accommodating, and they are men who will make many friends before this season ends. The steward is a professional man and sets his table to the very best advantage. We predict for him fair complexion, if he has to cook for an average of six passengers beside the crew. We take exception to the mail man, and consider it an insult to this district to place a witness against Messrs. WOODS and MOORES in that office. We say such men ought to be compensated from the private purses of the petitioners. Yours truly, Observer. Little Bay, July 24th. Steamer Problems "Letter from 'Voter', Pilley's Island". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- Will you please find space in the columns of the valued Sun for the following: Last Fall when Mr. GOODRIDGE was here, in a speech he made remarks to the effect that the steamer "Matilda" was a farce, and that it was one way in which the WHITEWAY Government was wasting the people's money, and we now find this year, not the Matilda of course, but a boat of much inferior accommodation. But she is all right, as she belongs to one of the Tory clique. How came it to be a waste of money last year if it is not so this year? Also, we find, this year, there are two men on the "Lance" doing the same work that young Mr. SCOTT did last year. We also find, sir, that this year the passage money is almost double as much as it was last year in the Matilda. In the Lance we find it is four cents per mile; twenty cents for breakfast, thirty cents for dinner, twenty for your tea. We will allow her 39 miles for a day's work, that will cost passengers $1.90 per day, which, I believe, Mr. Editor, will cost more than it will in the coastal steamer "Grand Lake." And what do you think, Mr. Editor, she intended doing at first all the summer? Why, going straight to Tilt Cove, not calling in any of the localities between Exploits and there until her return from the North; thus, we would judge from this, sir, that Tilt Cove was one of the Tories best markets. Does Mr. GOODRIDGE think the working men of Green Bay are so dull that they can't reason for themselves, but they are not to be fooled by lengthy speeches with nothing in them. Should he again try this district he will find men who can both reason and recollect. Yours truly, Voter. Pilley's Island, July 23rd. Jottings From Little Bay. The fishery, this side of the bay and around, remains unchanged. At Shoe Cove a little has been done, boats there averaging about ten qtls.; the best trap and seine together, 60 qtls. Round Harbor averaged three qtls per man, Burying Place about the same; Nipper's Harbor and other places around about one qtl. per man. Tilt Cove, that of late has been looking dull, is brightening up. The new process of smelting lately introduced is thus far very successful. New smelting works are in course of erection near the mine, and when completed it is calculated about 6000 ton or ore per month will be smelted. A large skiff belonging to Mr. James NORRIS, of Three Arms, while beating in Little Bay Bight yesterday, upset by a heavy squall of wind. There were two men and a boy in it at the time, but they all managed to get on the bottom of the skiff and remained there till rescued by Mr. FINLAY, and brought safely to shore. The names of the men were WEBBER and BOWERS, and the boy is a son of Mr. NORRIS. About sixteen men left here this morning to travel to the railway via Hall's Bay line, where they are to be engaged in work to which they are well used, namely, breaking rock. Jottings From Little Bay. They were glad to hear the good news of work. Mr. GOODRIDGE and several of his merchant friends were present at Norris' Arm on Saturday last. It appears the secret bribers have commenced to lay their plans for the bye-election. They went to the end of the line. We wonder if they intend to run a branch line to Hall's Bay the summer. Mr. KNIGHT used to, previous to last election, make his name as conspicuous as possible by having it stamped on the outside of every paper. Recently he prints his name on the end of the paper and decently folds up that end so that his name may be hidden. Is it himself he is ashamed of, or is it the paper to which his name is affixed, that rag the Daily News? A steamer is expected here in a day or two to load with copper ore. A few men are working preparing tracks for shipping. The once flourishing settlement of Little Bay has a black pall thrown over its activity and death will soon take place. Crops here are looking very good. Politics are quiet, but red hot heat can be attained at the shortest notice, for the fire is smouldering that must obliterate the Knight as well as some of two sided pages. July 24th, 1894. Fisheries Lobsters have been fairly plentiful around our shores this summer and packers are doing a pretty good business. Some shipments of dry fish have been made. The price opens at $3.40 (seventeen shillings) which is lower than that given, the past three or four years for Shore fish. Icebergs A large number of icebergs have been seen around our coast all this season. The early part of the week, upwards of one hundred and twenty were visible from Long Point Light House. Passengers The bay steamer "Lance" arrived here from Norris Arm early last Saturday evening. Mr. And Mrs. DUFF and child and Mr. T. HODGE were passengers having come through by train to Norris Arm. The following took passage here by the "Grand Lake": -- Mrs. HARRIS and two children for Herring Neck; Rev. J. HILL Mrs. HILL, four children and girl for Wesleyville, Mrs. P. SAMWAYS and Mrs. Wm. HARBIN for St. John's. Shipping News The "Mary Parker", Capt. CARTER, arrived from St. John's on Wednesday, having first called at Herring Neck to land part of her cargo. She made rather a longer trip than usual having been several days out from St. John's. The "Donny", Robert LINFIELD, master, returned from St. John's Thursday afternoon, and the "Maud," Samuel SHORT, master, arrived later, on her way to Little Bay Island. The Bonny's cargo was principally provisions and merchandise for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Farewell Ladies of the Dorcas Society gave a farewell sociable on Thursday evening at the residence of Mrs. BAIRD, in honor of Mrs. HILL on the eve of her departure from this community. Mrs. HILL was president of the Society for over two years, and this mark of esteem was given as an appreciation by the members for the valuable services rendered during her connection therewith. The Fishery The fishing schooner "William Paterson", Archibald BLANDFORD master, arrived at Herring Neck from the Straits of Belle Isle on Thursday night last, with about four hundred barrels of fish, which was of a very good quality. The fishery has been very poor indeed and the majority of craft in quest of fish, did not get near half a catch. Many secured very little, and seeing the prospect was so poor, they proceeded to the Northern part of the Labrador, where we trust they will be more successful. The William Patterson sailed from St. John's. She landed her fish at Herring Neck to be cured and has left again for Labrador. The Fishery The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, called here going South on Wednesday last, having made her first trip to Battle Harbor to connect with the Labrador mail steamer. The fishery reports are of a very meagre character, as little or nothing had been done owing to the great jam of ice upon the coast, the more Northern part particularly. In consequence of this, the Windsor Lake could not get North of Cape Harrigan. In some parts of the Straits, the fishery prospects are reported to be good, but generally speaking, the outlook is not the brightest. But there is very little dependence to be placed in reports of the first or second trips, and it is hoped that later on there will be a decided improvement. Rev. J. HILL "Departure of Rev. J. HILL." The three year term of the Rev. J. HILL, (Chairman of the Bonavista District) having expired in accordance with the itinerant wheels of Methodism, he took passage by the "Grand Lake" on Wednesday last, accompanied by his wife and children, for Wesleyville. During his term on this circuit, the debt on the Church property, amounting to something like one thousand dollars, has been entirely wiped out, and at present the churches on each side of the harbor are free from debt, while both have been renovated and newly painted inside and out in the meantime. The debt on the Church at Little Harbor has also been greatly reduced, in addition to what has also been done towards its completion inside, which shows that the affairs of the church have been well looked after during his three years of ministry on this circuit. Educational matters have also been carefully watched, and at the last meeting of the School Board, a vote of thanks was tendered him, for the efficient services bestowed and the interest taken, in the extension of educational facilities, as evidenced from his desire to inaugurate a superior school, which building is now in course of erection. We trust that success may attend his labors on this new circuit to which he has been appointed. Arrival of French Ship The French admiral ship "Naiade", arrived here at 6.20 last evening. She steamed slowly up the harbor, and when swung to her anchor, unfurled the British flag at the mainmast head and saluted it with twenty-one guns. As the last gun fired, the flag was hauled down very slowly. When down to the half, H.M.S. "Cleopatra" fired the first gun in an equal number in response, and as she did so, a blue jacket at the masthead set free, as if by magic, the tri-colour of France and on went the salutation. Vast numbers of citizens ran from numerous places to points of vantage to take the full of their eyes and ears of the scene and events. The Naiade is a frigate, wood constructed, ship rigged, and painted with old time white ports. She was built at Toulon, 1881, has 3,695 tons displacement, 246 feet length, 46.3 breadth, 21 feet draught of water, 2,800 indicated horse power, 530 tons coal capacity, 1 screw, 1 funnel, 13 knots speed, a balcony, shaded at top, running around her stern, high up and has large door windows opening to her upper and lower saloons, and has also electric dynamos, charging two electric search lights, which shed their brilliant rays last night along the water, the foreshore and hill sides. She has too, a band capable of discoursing musical treats. Its rendition of God save the Queen last evening was worthy of the keenest critics refined ears. -- Telegram, July 17. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 23 - "Primrose", BRAY, Cadiz, 162 tons salt - R.D. HODGE. July 26 - "Nikita", KANDES, St. John's, ballast - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: June 21 - "A.G. Heisler", McKINNON Sydney, ballast - Captain. June 24 - "Emulator", KENDRICK, St. John's, 80 tons oil, 2 tierce salmon, 15 seal skins - E. DUDER. Ship Collision "For the Far North - The First Misfortune." The Red Cross Line steamer "Miranda," which left St. John's on Sunday week last, bound for Labrador and Greenland, returned on Tuesday morning. At 8 a.m., on the morning of the 17th inst., in a dense fog, when about 10 miles North of Belle Isle, she collided end on with a heavy iceberg. What the result would have been had she not been going "dead slow," 'tis not ;pleasant to consider - the danger to the ship and the passengers lives would have been great indeed. As it was, the steamer's hawse-pipes were carried away, and five of the bow-plates, fortunately above the water-line, were much injured. So serious was the damage that it was deemed wise to put the steamer into Cape Charles, Labrador, where temporary repairs were affected, and she thereafter returned to St. John's, where the needed repairs are being done. Most of her passengers were left down on the coast, hunting, fishing, etc. The party on board the Miranda consisted of 52 persons, composed mostly of students from Zule and Havard Colleges. The primary object the Expedition (which was under the guidance of Dr. COOK) had in view was, if at all possible, to reach Peary's headquarters at Bowdin Bay. The disaster to the Miranda was very unfortunate, inasmuch as it has interfered badly with the intentions of the party - one of which was for a party from Kansas University to land at Rigoulette, in order to survey the famous Great Falls at Labrador. This was but one of the objects had in view by the intrepid explorers. - H.G. Standard, July 27. Ship Services "S.S. Lance". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Permit me, through the medium of your valuable and widely circulated paper, to ventilate a real grievance which is inflicted upon the community of this important and thriving settlement by reason of its being precluded from the manifest advantages which would accrue to it by its being made a port of call, both ingoing and returning, by the Bay steamer "Lance," which, under the command of so skilful a hand as Capt. DALTON, is doing excellent work, and is such a great boon to the general public in the districts of Fogo and Twillingate. Under the present arrangement the steamer calls here only once every round trip, viz. upon the return from Fogo to the North. For this service we are thankful; but we regard it only as an instalment of our rights. and not the whole, consequently we shall continue to agitate till the defect is remedied. When it is borne in mind that Change Islands lies directly in the track of Fogo, that it has a resident population of nearly 1100, that three large commercial establishments are flourishing there, and has a large number of planters and fishermen, second to none in the colony for their industry and uniting energy in their daily vocation, my contention is but emphasised, that the Government would only be doing an act of simple justice in taking measures to immediately secure for them the very fullest advantages and convenience which are to be derived from the present steam service. Our requisition we respectfully submit to the authorities, and which, we trust, you will readily give in the benefit of your able advocacy, is, that the Lance may call every trip, both going and returning, at Change Islands. By kindly inserting the above remarks in the next issue of the Sun you will confer a favor upon Your very faithfully, Tobias MacSTINGER. Change Islands, August 1st. Market Notes (Part 1) (From the Trade Review, July 21). FISH: Fish, Large merchantable, Per Quintal, $4.00. Fish, Small merchantable, $3,40. Fish, Large Maderia, $3.60. Fish, Small Maderia, $3.00. Fish, Large West India, $3.20. Fish, Small West India, $2.60. Haddock, $2.40. Cod Oil, per ton, $68. Salmon, No1, large, per tierce, $16. Herring, per barrel, good Shore, $2. Herring, Labrador, None. Herring (very small), $2. Lobsters, per case, No1, flats, $7 to $7.50. PROVISIONS: Flour, per barrel, sup. Ex. 3.80 to 5.00. Flour, per barrel, extra, 3.30 to 3.80. Flour, per barrel, supers, 3.00 to 3.40. Pork, per barrel, mess, 16.50 to 17.50. Pork, per barrel, family mess, 17.50 to 16.00. Pork, ex prime, 15.50 to 19.50. Butter, per lb., Canadian, .21 to .26. Oleo, per lb. .13 to .23. Salt, per hhd. 1.40 to 1.60. Molasses. Per gallon. .38 to .40. Sugar, light brown, per cwt. 7.10 to 7.59. Sugar, granulated, per cwt. 8.75 to 9.50. Sugar, loaf, per cwt. 10.00 to 10.50. Cornmeal, per barrel, 3.10 to 3.20. Oatmeal, per barrel, 4.90 to 5.00. Bread, per bag, No. 1, 3.60 to 3.80. Bread, per bag, No. 2, 3.20 to 3.46. Beef, per barrel, 10.50 to 13.50. Kerosene oil, per gallon, .18. Hay, per ton, 18.00 to 20.00. Market Notes (Part 2) Fodder, 12.00 to 13.00. Peas, per barrel, round, 3.50 to 3.60. Peas, per half-brl, round, 1.90 to 2.00. Peas, per barrel, split, 4.60 to 5.00. Peas, per half-brl, split, 2.40 to 2.60. Oats, per bushel, .70. Bran, per cwt. 1.30 to 1.50. Cattle-feed, 100 lb sacks, 1.60 to 1.80. Potatoes, per barrel, $2. Cheese, per lb, .16 to .17. Ham, per lb., Canadian, .15 to .20. Ham, per lb., Belfast, .23 to .25. Ham, per lb., Lipton's, .23. Bacon, per lb. .18 to .25. Eggs, per dozen. .10 to .12. Turnips, per barrel, $1.80 to $2.00. Berries, partridge and whorts, .10 to .15. Onions, per barrel, $3. to $3.50. Coal, per ton, North Sydney, $5.50. Coal, per ton, South Sydney, $5.30. Victoria, per ton, $5. Little, Glace Bay, $5. Raisins, per box, $2.50 to $3. Currants, per cwt. $7 to $7.50. Leather, grain, per lb. .35 to .40. Leather, sole, per lb. .20 to .25. Leather, harness, per lb. .32 to .35. Leather, split, per lb, .20. Hemlock, board, No. 1. $16. Spruce board, No. 1. $20. Spruce plank, joisting, studding, scantling, $22. 1-in. P.& T., spruce flooring, $24. 1 1/4 in. P.& T. spruce flooring, $25. 1 1/2 in. P.& T spruce flooring, $25. Pine board (clear), $30 to $40. Hardwood plank, $30 to $40. Laths, $1.50 to $2. The above quotations are wholesale. Mining The sylvan solitude of Belle Isle, in Conception Bay, is soon to be broken in upon, by a company who are going to open an iron mine over there. For some years past prospectors have been busy on the Island, and the samples shown, have induced a company to take hold of some claims. The specimens show a good paying percentage of iron, and we are informed that work will begin almost immediately. The company will not manufacture the iron on the Island at present, it being their intention to ship the crude ore to Nova Scotia. The mine ought to give a large amount of employment to the Belle Islanders. -- Trade Review. Religious "Parting Address." To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN and Mrs. FREEMAN from the People of Blackhead, Conception Bay. Blackhead, July 23rd, 1894. To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN, -- Beloved and Dear Sir,- As the time has now come for you to leave this Circuit for another field of labour, we should feel recreant to our duty, if we were to let you leave us without some token of regard for the indefatigable manner in which you have laboured amongst us the past three years. Yours, indeed, has been a labour of love, and it has always been your joy to see the Circuit prosper spiritually and financially. We unitedly rejoice with you at the present prosperity. Your interest in the Sunday as well as the day schools will not soon be forgotten by teachers and scholars. Please accept this purse as a token of our esteem and regard. And, now, as you are leaving for another field of labour, we bid you good-bye, praying that the Divine blessing may follow you and Mrs. FREEMAN, and that the Great Head of the Church may bless your labors in the future as in the past. Signed on behalf of the congregation, John C. MOORES, Peter DIAMOND, Thos. B. LeGROW, Geo. E. MOORES, Jos. KING, Andrew VATCHER, Fred. LeGROW, Wm. BRENNAN, Jacob KING, John LACEY, W.W. KING, Richard MOORES, Jessie LACEY, Jos. THISTLE, Matthew LeGROW, sr. Religious "Mr. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 25th, 1894. Dearly Beloved Friends,- I thank you very much for the address and purse of gold you presented me with today. It was not necessary that I should be the recipient of either one or the other, for proof of your regard for Mrs. FREEMAN and myself. I am glad that my labours have been so much appreciated by you during the past three years. You truly say it has been a labour of love. The prosperity of the Church in its various departments, has been my aim; and whilst I have not realized all I desired and prayed for, yet I am devoutly thankful for what has been accomplished, both spiritually and temporally. The flourishing Sabbath and day schools, as well as the healthy financial condition of the Circuit, give ground to hope for a bright future. I pray that the blessing of the Great Head of the Church may ever rest upon you as a people, and that every worker and member may be endowed with "power from on high". Again thanking you for the tangible proof of your regard, I am, yours in the bonds of Christian love, R.W. FREEMAN. Religious "To Mrs FREEMAN." Blackhead, July 23, '94. Dear Mrs. FREEMAN. It is a matter of general regret that your stay amongst us is so short. Never did three years glide away so quickly. Both you and Mr. FREEMAN have endeared yourselves to us by your labours and devoted Christian characters. It is with no fulsome praise that we speak when we refer to your great work as our organist, and we cannot but contrast the singing of today to what it was three years ago. And we are sure you valuable service in the department of the Church will long be held in grateful remembrance. You will also be missed in the Sunday school, where you have laboured so faithfully and earnestly to extend the Redeemer's Kingdom. Please accept the accompanying token of our affection, and be assured that our prayers will follow you to your new field of toil, where we hope you may be permitted to gather much fruit for the Heavenly Kingdom; and as you will not be far away, we hope to see you often. Wishing you and yours every blessing for both worlds, we are, Dear Mrs. FREEMAN, yours affectionately: Mabel J. LeGROW, Celia MOORES, Harriet HUDSON, Hester A. MOORES, Dorcas LeGROW Mary J. LeGROW, Miriam P. MOORES, Jane DIAMOND, Maria LeGROW, Mary A. LeGROW, Sarah BRENNAN, Hetty JANES, and others. Religious "Mrs. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 23, '94. My Dear Friends,- The presentation of your living address and purse was both a surprise and joy to me. I was not aware that I had done anything to merit at your hands such a marked proof of your good will. It is a matter of thankfulness that any effort I have made for the good of the cause has now your approval. The esteem in which Mr. FREEMAN is held, as well as myself, has been felt all through those three happy years spent amongst you. I do pray that by the way of the Mercy Seat, blessings abundant may ever rest upon you and yours. I should be glad to see any of you at any time in my new home where the same welcome will be given you as I know I shall have from yourselves. Good-bye and may God bless till we meet again. Yours very affectionately, Sarah L. FREEMAN. The Fishery There has been very good fishing at the Grey Island the last few weeks, and boats there have done fine work. The schooner "Outstrip," Abraham Knight, arrived at Morton's Harbor from the North last week w9ith something over 300 barrels codfish. There has been no improvement in the fishery around our shores the past couple of weeks and the average catch to date is the lowest for the past twelve or fourteen years. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay on Thursday, bringing back a quantity of salmon to the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The fishery reports along that coast are not very bright. Capt. Samuel SAUNDERS arrived at Change Islands from Belle Isle on Monday last with a full load of codfish. The gallant captain reports three other Change Islands' schooners loaded there and fish extraordinarily abundant. Cricket The cricket match played Thursday at Back Harbor between the "Reds" and "Blues" of the Wanderers Cricket Club, terminated in a magnificent victory for the former, beating the latter by an inning and tree runs. Ship Arrival The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Capt. DELANEY, which left St. John's Tuesday, arrived here Thursday morning. She had a large quantity of freight on board and about fifty tons of coal for the "Windsor Lake". Her trip this time extends to Battle Harbor and she may be expected returning South Wednesday or Thursday next. Court Decision "A Gross Judicial Blunder." The Decision in the Trinity Election Case. "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." -- Judge LITTLE, in the Trinity election case. What a gross judicial blunder! Fancy a judge pronouncing sentence to the utmost extent of the law, in a case of alleged "bribery and corruption," and then coolly and deliberately saying: "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." Nevertheless, this is exactly what Mr. Justice LITTLE said yesterday, in delivering his judgement in the Trinity election case. Can anything more absurd and inconsistent be imagined? Sir William WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND are in one breath declared guilty of "bribery and corruption," and in the very next breath we are told by the learned Judge that "THIS FACT DOES NOT IN ANY DEGREE REFLECT UPON THEIR HONESTY, MORALITY OR INTEGRITY." Truly, we may now ask: "Where are we and whither tending?" We have no desire to show the slightest disrespect for His Lordship's judicial consistency; but, really, it is very difficult to be as respectful as we could wish in the presence of such a conflicting decision as the one in question. next thing, we shall hear of a judge sending a prisoner to the penitentiary, and saying to the wardens, there is nothing against the honesty, morality or integrity of that man; but, all the same, he must to go prison. "Away with him! Crucify him! The Tory faction hate him, and their thirst for vengeance must be appeased." -- Telegram, July 26. Drowning A sad accident occurred at Vernon River Bridge, P.E.I., recently. A little girl, only one year and seven months old, daughter of C.B. ROSS, painter, fell head first into a creamer barrel filled with water, and life was extinct before the little one was found. Birth On the 1st inst., at Too Good Arm, Herring Neck, the wife of Mr. Abraham HURLEY of a daughter. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared: July 31 - "Primrose", BRAY, King's Cove, ballast - Captain. Fishery Some of our fishermen who secured squids this week, did better with fish than they had any time before, this season. Two boats arrived from the French Shore this week, one having about one hundred and eighty and the other seventy barrels. It appears that lobster packers on the Northwest Coast are doing fairly well, some of them securing as many as two thousand a day. The schooner "Hunter," George PARSONS master, arrived from the Straits of Belle Isle Wednesday, with about two hundred and forty barrels of fish. We learn by intelligence from Peter's River that the fishery there has been most successful, so far. One man of that place has over three thousand quintals of fish ashore, and several of the others have also done well. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Captain DELANEY, called here Tuesday morning, going South. She was as far North as Battle Harbor, and the fishery reports received by her are not very encouraging. On some parts of the coast the fishermen are doing a little, and in other places it is almost a failure. Schooner Arrival The English schooner "St. Clair," Captain SINCLAIR, arrived from Cadiz, via St. John's Wednesday, with a cargo of salt for the firm of E. DUDER. Passengers The following took passage by the "Grand Lake" for St. John's: - Four Christian Brothers, Mr. R.D. HODGE, Mr. T. HODGE, Mrs. LETHBRIDGE, Mrs. CORNER and child. The steam launch "Lance" arrived from Norris' Arm last Saturday afternoon. The Rev. L. CURTIS, wife, two children and servant were passengers, having come through by train to Norris' Arm. Trading News The "Victoria," James NEWMAN, master, arrived from a trading trip Tuesday afternoon, bringing back about one hundred and fifty quintals of cod fish, thirty tierce of salmon, and five hundred rabbit skins. Medical A report of the work of the Labrador Deep Sea Medical Mission for 1893 shows that during the season the three doctors, GRENFELL, BOBARDT and CURWEN, who were in charge, respectively, of the Battle Harbor hospital, the hospital ship "Albert", and the steamer "Princess May", treated 37 in patients and 2,493 out patients. Of these 798 were surgical, seventeen being performed under chloroform. Forest Fire A forest fire, supposed to be between the head of Hall's Bay and White Bay, has been raging the past week, and, without a doubt, has wrought great destruction among the timber in that vicinity. Too much care cannot be exercised by all who go to the woods, either for business or pleasure, and it should be borne in mind that heavy penalties are attached to the breaking of the laws in reference to forest fires. Schooner Wrecked A schooner called the "Princess Alice," Capt. PIKE, of Burin, while beating up the North Side of the Straits of Belle Isle on the 30th of July, struck the sunken rock Soldier and became a total wreck. The Princess Alice was a fishing craft, and had about a hundred and fifty barrels of fish on board at the time, and nearly everything was lost. The crew of six men and two boys were conveyed to St. John's by the "Grand Lake," Thursday last. This is a very unfortunate circumstance, depriving them as it does of the summer's voyage. Parting Address "Parting Address to Mrs. E. HILL." Twillingate, July 24th, 1894. Dear Mrs. HILL: -- We, the members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society, regret that you are on the eve of leaving us, as we shall greatly miss your valuable services in connection with the Society. Not only as President but also as a good worker, your services have been appreciated by all, and we shall be very glad to know that in your new home, you will still be a co-worker with us in this great service. That the Divine Spirit may watch over you and family is our earnest prayer. Signed on behalf of the members of the Dorcas Society: K. BAIRD, S. NEWMAN, A. PEYTON, M. COOK, E. HODDER, E. ROSSITER, M.A. PRIDE, L. COLBOURNE, E. HUGHES. Reply to Address "Mrs. HILL's Reply." To the Members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society. My Dear Friends: - I need hardly say that the address you presented me with on the eve of my departure was a great surprise to me, and is far too appreciative of my humble efforts as a member of your noble Society. Nevertheless, your address touched a tender cord in my heart, to learn that my weak endeavour to assist you in this good work of clothing the poor and destitute was not forgotten by you. It has always been a pleasure for me to meet with you to help on this good object. May we never forget the words of Christ, "In as much as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto Me." Thanking you for your kind wishes to myself and family. Wishing you success in your laudable work. E. HILL. The Fishery "Returned from the Westward." The SS. "Virginia Lake," Captain TAYLOR, arrived here at 5.40 o'clock last evening from the Westward. She reports several Fortune Bay schooners coming from the Mecatinas loaded with fish, and bringing good all round reports from that particular place. Lobsters are still plentiful on the Northwest coast, but not on this side. Several bankers have arrived at Grand Bank after their caplin baiting, with an average catch of 450 quintals on it. Fish is still abundant at Trepassey and salt very badly wanted, the stock being all used up. Nothing worth speaking of has been done at Cape Boyle the past few days. There are a few foreign fishing schooners there. The steamer brought about 1,000 boxes lobsters, a few barrels fish and a trifle of other freight. -- Telegram August 2. Accidental Death (Part 1) "Death on the Track." Yesterday, when we announced that a special train was to run from Holyrood with cattle, driven there from the vicinity of the wrecked "Texas," there was no anticipation of fatal results to any person, as there have been to one poor woman, to whom death came with awful promptitude in an hour when she least expected it. No. 10 engine, drawing three cars of freight, 32 head of cattle, left Holyrood at 2.05 yesterday afternoon for St. John's, with Robert CANDOW, driver; John DUNN, fireman; John BROPHY, conductor also doing "brake" duty, and George MERCER, brakeman. All these men are smart at their work, tried and true, ready to instantly act on sight and sound. Manuels, the scene of the sad accident, was readied at about 2.50. Running for Manuels on an up-grade and a curve precluded long range of sight. Here, too, is a down-grade, which has necessarily to be run somewhat freely to raise a more advanced up-grade. The "stand" was opened to view and quickly arrived at, and just from the line of it was seen, ahead on the track, about 300 yards distant, a woman, later recognised as Mrs. Fanny NOSEWORTHY, of Long Pond, near Villa Nova, aged 67 years, and having no family, husband alive. She was walking with the train. The driver blew for brakes, a quick whistle, and there was an immediate application, the engine being meanwhile reversed. Accidental Death (Part 2) The woman turned and saw the engine, but continued to walk on, probably to locate a favorable place to step clear. Then a danger signal was blown, followed by a second one. The woman looked around a second time, and started to step off; but, alas! too late! She went to the right hand side, had one foot over the rail, and, then, nervous and terrified, she hesitated, and that moment's hesitation proved fatal. One came the locomotive toward her, in spite of every effort to stop it. The cow-catcher lifted her from her feet, and, as she suddenly inclined back, her head struck the signal pole in the buffer, breaking it by force of contact, her death-stricken face meanwhile, being thrown back and upturned to the horrified driver, leaving an impression on his mind that will not soon be effaced. It was only for an instant; the cow-catcher did its work - the woman was flung over the embankment, a distance of ten feet. The train was brought up some three cars length further on, and the men ran back. They could not then do much, and they had to be away. They then had to run on time, because the regular train, also running on time, would be along ere ten minutes. Accidental Death (Part 3) They, therefore, had to leave the woman to the kind care of the people of the place, and go on, only stopping at Topsail to report by telegraph to St. John's station the melancholy occurrence. Women took up the inanimate form, life's spark flickering within, and brought it to the house of Joseph MORGAN, where every attention was given it, but only with the effect of restoring sufficient consciousness to enable the injured woman to say, "let me lie down." Soon afterwards life became extinct. No time was lost by Captain NOBLE in doing his part; he had Dr. RENDELL summoned, and also called Constable LONG, of Topsail, who was in town; and directly the regular train arrived, at 4 p.m., he sent them off on a special at full speed to the scene, his own son, Mr. A.S. NOBLE, in charge. They arrived at 4.45, but too late, death having occurred nearly half an hour previously. They returned at 6 o'clock. The woman sustained no very great external injuries. There were a few slight scratches on the back of the head, and death is believed to have resulted from concussion of the brain. It may be added that Capt. NOBLE had a suitable coffin made by undertaker WHITE, which he sent out to Manuels by the regular morning train. In this coffin the remains will be interred. -- Evening Telegram, July 28. Died At Leading Tickles, July 24th, the beloved wife of Mr. John WHELAN, aged 68 years; she leaves a husband, 3 sons and 2 daughters to mourn their sad loss. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: Aug 8 - "Samuel Moss", MABLY, Fogo, part cargo salt - R.D. HODGE. Aug 8 - "St. Clair", SINCLAIR, St. John's, 160 tons salt - E. DUDER. Aug 10 - "My Lady", RIDER, Sydney via Fogo, part cargo coals - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: Aug. 10 - "Nikita', KANDES, Bristol, cargo seal oil and skins - J.W. OWEN. Traitor (Part 1) (From the Evening Telegram) "A TRAITOR!" The Gafney From Holyrood. In last night's issue we briefly noticed the contemptible conduct of Mr. WOODFORD, one of the members elected by the people of Harbor Main last November to support the WHITEWAY or Liberal Party. When, on Wednesday evening, the rumor spread throughout the town, that this individual had turned traitor and joined the detested MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction, many people were unwilling to believe it. Although it was known by the members of the WHITEWAY Party that Mr. WOODFORD had been in communication with Mr. Moses MONROE, as far back as November last, and had secretly been (imbibing ?) the traitor principles from the Liberal renegade, Mr. W.J.S. DONNELLY, still we also were loathe to believe that there was a man in the ranks of the Liberals so depraved, so lost to all sense of shame and honor as to betray those with whom he has been allied for four years, and who are to-day undergoing the most violent persecutions at the hands of those to whom he has sold himself. Not many days ago we met this individual, who shall be hereafter known as WOODFORD THE TRAITOR FROM HARBOR MAIN, or the Gafney of Holyrood, at a meeting of the Liberal Party. Traitor (Part 2) He sat at the table of Sir William WHITEWAY, the veteran leader of that party; he entered into their discussions, he participated in their confidences, he subscribed to their policy, and he pledged unwavering loyalty to Sir William and his Party. Like his prototype Judas, he sat at the table with his best friend, and then went out and betrayed him to violent and relentless enemies. He accepted the confidence of his colleagues and then passed out and sold them. He obtained a seat in the Legislature, pledged by his constituents of Harbor Main district to uphold and stand by the Liberal Party and Sir William WHITEWAY, and he deliberately sacrificed their interests for the position of Financial Secretary, and a salary of sixteen hundred dollars per year. Well, the MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction are welcome to such an addition to their ranks. The WHITEWAY party are well rid of such trash, and it is peculiarly fitting that traitors should herd with traitors. This GAFNEY FROM HOLYROOD not only owes his seat in the Legislature to the prestige of the Whiteway Party, but he actually obtained the sum of FOUR HUNDRED DOLLARS from Sir William WHITEWAY, with which to canvas the district last fall. He is today, under obligation to several members of the WHITEWAY Party, who endorsed notes on the banks for him, (which are still outstanding), and tided him over difficulties. Traitor (Part 3) A fitting companion truly is Mr. William WOODFORD for the arch ingrate and traitor, Alfred B. MORINE. It is humiliating to find, that there is in this country a native, capable of PROSTITUTING HIMSELF TO A PARTY OF THE MOST UNPRINCIPLED LOT OF POLITICIANS THAT EVER CURSED ANY LAND. No doubt Mr. WOODFORD is under the impression that he has acted well towards himself. Time will tell, however, whether he has or not. A traitor invariably meets his deserts, and as sure as there is a retributive justice abroad in the world, so sure will Mr. WOODFORD's crime not go unpunished. All honorable men will despise him, his present associates, even vile as they are, will hardly trust him when they now learn the truth of his depravity. The understanding is that Mr. WOODFORD will not go back to his constituents for re-election, but will be rewarded with a permanencey after the party, he has sold himself to, are done with him; and provided they are in a position to carry out their promises. But even a magistracy may be abolished, and it is well that Mr. WOODFORD should know it. "Thou art a traitor! False to thy gods, thy brothers and thy father; Conspirant, 'gainst the liberties of thy country; And from the extremist upward of thy head, To the descent and dust beneath thy feet, A MOST TOAD-SPOTTED TRAITOR" Politics (Part 1) "A Mean Spirit of Revenge." The Dismissal of Assembly Doorkeepers and Messengers. During the past day or two, sufficient evidence has come to light to warrant us in saying that it was a mean and unworthy spirit of revenge and nothing else, that prompted the Tory Government to dismiss the doorkeepers and messengers of the House of Assemble - Messrs. WALSH, MUNDY, DEADY, KNIGHT and LONG. These men did nothing in the general election last fall to deserve the harshest treatment they have received at the hands of Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. They were courteous, willing and faithful in the discharge of their duties - so much so that we challenge the Government to bring a single well-sustained charge against them. If they openly expressed their sympathy for the WHITEWAY party, what of that? Is it not a fact that other public officials in much more prominent positions were loud-mouthed in their support of the Tory Party? We could name half a dozen or more employees of the Customs department, who even went so far as to render themselves offensive to people who had business there, by making partisan and personal remarks about the political situation. The pusillanimous Messrs. MORINE, GOODRIDGE & Co., hadn't the courage to remove from office any prominent official, for the simple reason that they feared the latter's influence in the approaching by-elections. Politics (Part 2) They singled out poor WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, believing that these unassuming citizens could do them no political injury. but we can tell those Tory persecutors of the weak, and panderers to the strong, that the sovereign people will resent their injustice to WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, and that the electors will emphasise their resentment, too, in November next. Humble and all as those subordinates are, they would scorn to be as untruthful and deceptive, as are the vindictive faction by whom they have been thus deprived of the wherewithal to support themselves and families. But let the persecutors beware! The day of retribution is at hand. The dismissed officials will make their influence felt in the coming struggle. Their fellow-countrymen will sympathise with them, and enable them too, to teach even Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. the lesson that no one, no matter how unpretentious he may be, ought to be mistreated by those in authority. Not a man among the dismissed officials, but has done more for the colony than any member of the Tory faction. What has Mr. GOODRIDGE ever done to increase the wealth of the country? What has Mr. MORINE ever done for Newfoundland, that he should be foisted into the Colonial Secretary's Office over the head of our talented and self-sacrificing fellow-countryman, Mr. BOND? Politics (Part 3) By exorbitant charges on his fishery supplies, Mr. GOODRIDGE has amassed wealth, while many a much better man at heart is to-day obliged, by mercantile oppression, to earn a miserable existence by culling fish on Mr. GOODRIDGE's premises. The men who have been dismissed from the situations they occupied in connection with the Assembly, earned those positions by hard and honest toil. Some of them are tradesmen, others fishermen. While they prosecuted their callings as such, they helped to enrich the country by the fruit of their toil. How much has Mr. Alfred B. MORINE, the present Acting Colonial Secretary, contributed to the wealth of the colony? Why, not a solitary cent! Ever since the well-deserved-inhospitality of his native province, flung him upon our shores, he has been a drone in the hive of industry here, and a barnacle upon the Ship of State, retarding her progress and doing his best to strand her upon the shoals of bankruptcy and Confederation! Newfoundlanders, what is your duty in this emergency? We once more appeal to you who are to the manor born, to rally round the banner of Liberation and Progress! The weal or woe of dear old Fatherland depends upon the issue of the by-elections. In this emergency Terra Nova expects every one of her sons to do his duty. Now then, let your watchword be: "NEWFOUNDLAND FOR NEWFOUNDLANDERS, AND DOWN WITH TORY DESPOTISM." -- Evening Telegram, August 9. WOODFORD The Traitor A Candid Statement From Harbor Main. (Special to The Evening Telegram) Conception Harbor, Aug. 6. it is reported here that WOODFORD, the arch traitor, has stated that the leading men of Harbor Main district approve of his political treachery. This we declare a downright falsehood, intentionally made by "Gafney" to give a tint of justification to his dastardly conduct. We defy him to name even one man, who can command more than his own individual influence in this district, that has approved of his perditious action, or concurred with him in his traitorous conduct. Did the KENNEDY's, St. John's, WADES, HEARNS, COLES, BURKES, COSTELLOS, ROCHES, TILLEYS, CHURCHILLS, BRIENS, LEWISES, or the hundreds of other well-known and loyal Liberals, concur with him in his treachery? No! no!! He was bought with the glitter of office and they will show to the world how they detest, abhor him. Harbor Main district will show, when the time comes, that traitors and purchased turn coats, will not be tolerated. He is detested by all honorable men, and we blush with shame to think that he can claim our district as his birthplace; but the nation of greatest patriots gave birth to the most faithless sons and despicable traitors. Ireland produced CAREY and Harbor Main his prototype, who betrayed his compatriots and abandoned them in their death struggle for liberty. Away with him! Away with the spy and traitor, Gafney WOODFORD, the embodiment of all that is dishonorable whose name henceforth will be a byword and a reproach. New Lighthouse "Baccalieu Lighthouse." The erection of the lighthouse at Baccalieu, near Herring Neck, has commenced, and several men from here and Herring Neck, have gone to the island to engage in the work. As the fishery has been so very bad and many are in want of employment, we don't see why a much larger number of men from Herring Neck especially, should not be employed at this work. Perhaps Messrs. GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT, at whose instance the choice and limited number have been employed, may be able to explain to the satisfaction of the public generally. The money for the erection of this lighthouse was provided by the WHITEWAY government during the session of 1893, but it is the Goodridge-Morine party that have the expending of it, and Messrs. Goodridge and Knight are responsible for how the work is proceeding. Drowning "A Newfoundland Sailor Drowned." He Sank While Bathing at Sydney. We learn through Captain Robert FRASER of the SS. "Coban", that a Newfoundlander named Arch. OSMOND, who had been attached to the SS "Louisburg", has been very recently drowned at Sydney. He had been swimming from the International pier, took cramps and sank, and in the presence of witnesses unable to rescue him. -- Evening Telegram. The above young man was about 21 years of age and son of Mr. Abraham OSMOND Tizzards Harbor, and we sympathise with the parents and family in the sad loss thus sustained. Politics "Sir William WHITEWAY Returns to the City in Excellent Humor for the Coming Fight." Sir William WHITEWAY, the ever popular Leader of the Liberal Party, returned to this city by the afternoon train, after a most enjoyable fishing trip out on the N.N. and W. railway line. He is in excellent trim for the by elections, and promises to give the Tory faction a greater thrashing this fall than they got in 1889, and in 1893. The Liberal Party are already actively preparing for the coming campaign. In a few days more, we shall be in a position to take the field, fully equipped for the fight. Candidates are ready for nomination, the "sinews of war" are available, and the people are warmly with us. Tory persecutors, "look out for squalls." The day of retribution is at hand! -- Evening Telegram, August 7. Bank Appointments C.S. PINSENT, Esq., has been appointed manager of the Union Bank, in the place of the late J. GOLDIE, Esq. W.H. CROWDY, Esq., takes Mr. PINSENT's place. W.W. WATSON, Esq., fills the position of receiving teller. Mr. PETERS becomes accountant, his place being filled by R. DONNELLY, and Mr. C. BAYLY joins the Bank staff as junior clerk. -- Royal Gazette, August 7. Shipping News The "Gipsy," J.W. OSMOND, master, arrived from St. John's Wednesday afternoon. We are indebted to Mr. OSMOND for late local papers. The English vessel, "Clementine," Capt. BALL, arrived from Glasgow last Saturday with a cargo of coal and brick to the firm of E. DUDER. She had a tedious passage, being thirty-seven days left port. The schooner "Jeanie," J.W. ROBERTS, master, called here Monday on her way to Labrador. She has coals and provisions and is bound as far North as Rama with supplies to the missionaries laboring on that distant part of the coast. Bequest We learn that the will of Jane Anthony EAMES of Concord, admitted to probate on Friday, July 20th, 1894, contains a bequest of $1,000 to the Right Rev. Llewellyn JONES, Bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda. Child Abuse The steamer "Fleta" left here on Tuesday morning for Burnt Bay, having on board F. BERTEAU, Esq., JP., and Sergeant PATTEN. The Magistrate is gone there to investigate an alleged case of ill-treatment to a child who died at Burnt Bay some time age, which has recently been brought under his notice. Forest Fire During the week a forest fire was raging some distance away, said to be at Muddy Hole on the Straight Shore, and we learn that several houses there were destroyed. Fortunately the heavy rain fall of Thursday will probably put an end to it. It is to be regretted that almost every summer so much of our valuable timber land is devastated by forest fires. Religious The Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, Incumbent of Herring Neck Parish, officiated in St. Peter's Church last Sunday, morning and evening. His discourses on both occasions were deep, forcible and practicable, and appeared to be much appreciated by the large congregations. In the afternoon he conducted the Flower Service in St. Andrew's Church, which was of a most interesting character and very largely attended. The Fishery The fishery around our shores has been better the past week than it has this season. Tuesday and Wednesday some boats at Crow head got from a half to one quintal, but it was so stormy Thursday and yesterday that the fishing grounds could not be reached. Let us hope that the recent change in the weather will bring about an improvement in the fishery in this Bay generally. We learn that there has also been a slight alteration for the better about Fogo within the last week or ten days. Ship Arrival The schooner "Spring Bird," Alex. NOLE, master, belonging to Mr. H.B. SPENCE, arrived here from Flowers Cove Thursday evening, bound to Harbor Grace with oil and skins. She left Flowers Cove on Monday last and on Wednesday night when off the Grey Islands, experienced very heavy weather, which burst her foresail and staysail, carried away flying jib, jib stay and taffrail, and broke in part of bulwarks. The fishery at Flowers Cove is said to be the worst for many years. Schooner has Rough Trip The schooner "Terra Nova," which left here for St. John's on the 6th inst with a load of lumber from Indian Arm, and the misfortune of getting on a rock while going through Stag Harbor Run. It was very moderate weather and it is probable she was dragged on the rock by the tide. Fortunately the "Flamingo", Capt. SCEVIOUR was near at the time and he and his crew rendered assistance in getting the Terra Nova afloat. She had a big deck load of lumber which had to be removed, and a raft was made by the side of the schooner for the purpose. The tide was low when the vessel grounded and when it rose and the deck lightened of its burden, with the help of Mr. SCEVIOUR and his crew the Terra Nova was floated off and no damage was caused, as, fortunately, the water was very smooth all the while. The lumber was again put on deck and the craft proceeded on her course and reached ST. JOHN's the early part of this week. Deaths in House Fire A house belonging to Mr. William CURNEW, was destroyed by fire at St. Carls, (French Shore), on the 14th July and three small children were consumed in the flames. Arson "Big Fire At Pilley's Island." The Work of an Incendiary. (Special to the Daily News) Little Bay, Aug. 11. On last Wednesday night, the business premises of the Notre Dame Trading Company, Pilley's Island, consisting of shop, dwelling and two stores, totally destroyed by fire. Loss estimated at twenty thousand dollars. The fire originated in the fish store, where some rinds were stored, and was the act of an incendiary. A man named George RAINES, of Sandy Cove Islands, is under arrest, charged with the crime. It appears that he confessed to Mr. STRONG, of the trading company, and Constable BISHOP at the time of arrest, that he did the deed, and, further, how he did it, by breaking a pane of glass in the store window, and throwing a lighted match in amongst the rinds. A Magisterial inquiry was held to-day. RAINES committed for trial. He admitted he had no spleen against Mr. STRONG or the Trading Company. He said the deed was suggested by another person named SNOW, who was indebted to STRONG. A warrant was issued for SNOW's arrest. The wind was high at the time of the fire, and carried flankers down on the Mining company's premises and set fire to the woods in vicinity, which, fortunately, was quickly seen and extinguished. For a time the undenominational school house stood in great danger, and no doubt, not withstanding the strenuous efforts put forth to save it, would have been consumed but for a timely change of the wind, a most fortunate change for the inhabitants of that thriving settlement, for had the school house which is built on the height overlooking the village taken fire flankers would be driven in all directions, causing probably the destruction of the whole place, and possibly worse - the loss of life. Died Drowned, on the 8th of July, at the Straits of Belle Isle, George GRIMES, of herring Neck, aged 26 years. Died On the 3rd inst., at "Florence Glove". Rosina Emeline, aged 44 years, wife of Henry GOODRIDGE, Esq. Died On the 5th inst., at St. John's, in the 81st year of his age, David SCLATER, Esq., a native of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Scotland.
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-ambrose-shea
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Sir Ambrose Shea
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Sir Ambrose Shea, diplomat, politician, businessman, newspaperman (born c. 1815 in St. John’s, Newfoundland; died 30 July 1905 in London, England). Sir Ambros...
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en
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-ambrose-shea
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Early Years
Ambrose Shea’s father, Henry Shea, was a successful merchant. He arrived in Newfoundland in the late 1700s. Henry went on to raise a family of three girls and six boys. One son spent his life in England. The other five children became prominent members of Newfoundland society. Two became physicians and two became publishers of the family-run newspaper, The Newfoundlander. The youngest, Edward, served alongside Ambrose in the House of Assembly for many years.
Early Career
At the time of Shea’s birth in St. John’s in 1815, Newfoundland was a fledgling colony of some 40,000 inhabitants. That number more than doubled by the time Shea was first elected to the Assembly in 1848. But the island remained overlooked in the British Empire. With little arable land or heavy industry, Newfoundland was dependent upon the export of fish and the import of manufactured goods. Within this context, Shea was dedicated to expanding and diversifying Newfoundland’s economy through colonial trade networks. He pushed for the establishment of regular steamship routes to Halifax and Montreal, and for the construction of a railway across the island. Shea was regarded as an asset to the government in these projects. Eloquent and diplomatic, he made strong connections in St. John’s by selling and chartering ships during his early career. He was well positioned to negotiate with private capitalists on behalf of the government.
Shea was first elected to represent the district of Placentia-St. Mary’s as a member of the Liberal Party. The two central planks of the Liberal platform were the establishment of free trade with the United States and a system of responsible government. Shea played an active role in realizing both aims. In 1853, he travelled to Washington, DC, to negotiate Newfoundland’s inclusion in the Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and the United States. This was the first of several diplomatic missions he made on behalf of the colony.
Not everything went so smoothly, however. As a leading member of the Liberal caucus, Shea’s campaign for responsible government brought him into direct conflict with the governors of the colony — first with John Gaspard Le Marchant and then with Ker Baillie-Hamilton — who refused to subordinate their office to the House of Assembly. After nearly seven years of public sparring, responsible government was granted by the Colonial Office. It was inaugurated with the election of 1855, in which Shea was re-elected and the Liberals retained their commanding majority.
Speaker of the House of Assembly
For the next six years, Shea served as Speaker of the House of Assembly. This position focused on the more technical aspects of government and policy. It initially removed him from public controversies. But in July 1858, the premiership was taken over by John Kent, a pro-clerical leader whose politics were at odds with Shea’s belief that religious sectarianism had no place in government. Before long, the Liberals were severely weakened by internal bickering between Shea, Kent and the attorney general. Shea threatened to resign as Speaker. He in turn was called out by the editors of The Public Ledger, a rival paper to The Newfoundlander, for his “audacity to attempt a control of Government by resigning his position.” The Liberals narrowly lost the election of 1861 to the Conservatives. Shea found himself seated in the opposition.
Confederation
Newfoundland was invited to attend the Quebec Conference in the fall of 1864. The administration sent two delegates: Ambrose Shea, to represent Liberal-Catholics; and the Assembly’s new speaker, Frederic Carter, to represent Protestant-Conservatives. Both became enthusiastic supporters of Confederation. But both men had difficulty convincing their colleagues and constituents of its benefits. The island had won relative autonomy a decade earlier when it gained responsible government; many people felt that its interests would be compromised by a remote and indifferent government outside the colony.
The following year, Carter became premier. Shea — along with his brother Edward and John Kent — crossed the floor to join the executive of the new government. By 1869, party lines had been completely redrawn between pro-Confederation candidates, led by Carter and Shea, and the anti-Confederation party, led by Charles James Fox Bennett. Shea’s team lost badly. For the first time, he lost his own seat.
(See also: “The Anti-Confederation Song”; Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation.)
Later Life and Career
Ambrose Shea contested the seat for St. John’s East as a Conservative in 1873, but lost again. However, another election came only a year later. This time he contested the seat for the town of Harbour Grace, which he won. For the subsequent decade he spent in the Assembly — working once again under Frederic Carter’s premiership, then under William Whiteway’s — he continued to push for the expansion of trade by way of steamship cargo, as well as what would become the Newfoundland Railway Company. (See also Railway History.)
By far the most trying incident of these years came in 1883. Religious tensions in Shea’s constituency of Harbour Grace boiled over, resulting in a riot that killed three Orangemen and one Catholic. Nineteen Catholics were brought to trial in the aftermath. They were soon acquitted by the Supreme Court of Newfoundland. However, Whiteway’s caucus moved to officially condemn their acquittal in an amendment to the 1885 Speech from the Throne. Shea and others saw the move as brazenly anti-Catholic. The debacle set Shea at odds with the Conservative caucus. In the election of 1885, he once again crossed the floor, winning St. John’s East for the Liberals.
In September of that year, the Governor of Newfoundland, John Hawley Glover, died. Shea, then 70 years old, began petitioning for his appointment to the office. He travelled to London, England, to make his case at the Colonial Office, where he was well received. Carter was also in the running, but Shea, with his diplomatic experience and commercial expertise, seemed like the obvious choice. However, Shea’s opponents in Newfoundland, including Whiteway, lobbied to prevent his appointment. In 1886, the title was given to Sir George William Des Vœux, a colonial official with no prior connection to Newfoundland. Shea returned to St. John’s, frustrated by what he saw as Orange Order prejudice.
Governor of the Bahamas
A year later, however, the Colonial Office granted Shea governorship of the Bahamas. He and his wife, Louisa, arrived in Nassau in October 1887. They remained there for seven years. In that time, Shea worked to develop the archipelago’s networks of transportation and communication — in particular telegraph and steamship routes. He also oversaw the construction of a new hospital and tried to help poor rural communities by promoting the cultivation of sisal (a species of Agave).
In 1895, he and Louisa retired to London, England. Shea died there on 30 July 1905, at the age of 90. His body was returned to St. John’s, where he was given a state funeral.
Legacy
Sir Ambrose Shea was one of the most influential Newfoundland politicians of the 19th century. He served in the colony’s House of Assembly for 34 years. Though never elected premier or appointed governor, he was a key player in both Liberal and Conservative administrations. A skilled orator and diplomat, he was universally admired for his persistent attempts to mend political divisions between Catholics and Protestants, and for his promotion of the island’s economic development. The Sir Ambrose Shea Bridge in Placentia is named in his honour.
Shea also confronted serious political obstacles. As a moderate Catholic with close connections to London, he was never well positioned to lead the Liberal Party, which throughout his career possessed a strong clerical and Irish-nationalist streak. As a Catholic, he was never fully at home in the predominantly Protestant Conservative Party. Even more detrimental to his career was his enthusiastic support for Confederation. It did not gain widespread popularity in Newfoundland until the mid-20th century. He is nevertheless considered a Father of Confederation.
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The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts
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1882-05-27T00:00:00
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Get this The Boston Globe page for free from Saturday, May 27, 1882 1 1 Daily Globe. SUPPLEMENT. SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1882. SLINGS AND ARROWS.. Edition of The Boston Globe
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1 1 Daily Globe. SUPPLEMENT. SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1882. SLINGS AND ARROWS. "The lucky man is the man who works harder and longer than the unlucky one, says writer Sunday School Times .
This theory may hold, good sometimes, but work on a morning and evening newspaper and you will cease theorizing. There are many mucho politicians ready to sacrifice themselves for their country that honest men cannot latter are deficiews a how to got, chancindecides thin run caucuses and conventions, having been in more respectable business all their life. Emerson's signature looked like the footprint of a thunderbolt on a dead Nevada county pine tree. When he tendered his card St. Peter, they would not let him in till Horace Greely's ghost marked it Francisco Wasp .
Riots may oceur in Pennsylvania because the miners object to colored help. It is said that, like Germany, we are coming to be "a spectacled nation," because a nation of smokers. When news is dull abroad the correspondents always have "another crisis in Egypt" to fall back on. Faith is a good thing usually, but Guiteau's faith that he will not be hung is liable to be rudely shaken soon. Old Abram's wisest remark: "Ef de descendants ob de rooster what crowed at Peter was ter make a noise ebery time a lie is told dar would be such a noise in the world dat yer couldn't heah de hens cackle." Another business that is depressed -banco .
Voters have considerable business to attend to before they want to be hounded about fall politics. There is a great discrepancy between the real work this Legislature has accomplished and the pay the members receive. "If there was a war," says an old soldier, "I think there would be considerable fear and trepidation in the ranks of play soldiers." The whole Republican situation illustrates the mischiefs of the spoils system. It is destroying the Republican Weekly. Many gubernatorial booms have expired .
It is believed that his Decoration day in New York Bob Ingersoll will "tread apon somebody's toes." Very likely. It will aot be the first either. Many people now want Whitman's poems "just to see if they are so very wicked, you Mr. Linton is to receive $5000 from the Queen for his painting of the marriage of Prince Leopold. There is a regular series of pictures of every similar event in her majesty's reign .
As Dorsey has too many engagements to get time to use "soap" in Indiana this fall, the Republicans ought to call on Wallace R. White. He is near at hand in one of the Territories and Mr. Blaine can give him a good recommendation. President Bishop: "Swim out; you're over your head." Denver gamblers are mad because their outlawed Chicago brethren are pouring into the Colorado capital .
Gamblers dislike to divide up on "suckers." Many prima donne are unhappy unless they are engaged in a law suit. It gives them some valuable advertising. Some politicians lie awake nights devising schemes to keep their names before the public. Senator Crowley of Middlesex paid a fine tribute to General Butler in the Legislature yesterday when he said: "'The image of Ben Butler is before the eyes of some legislators who would otherwise vote for increasing galaries and who actually needed more pay." Now that is handsome. Fear of your Uncle Benjamin is what keeps the bad boys straight, is it? That ought to Illuminate the understanding of the average voter, who will ask himself not let B .
F. B. boss the State House School. P. -This is pot a Butler organ .
Republican. Serjeant Ballantine, the eminent English lawyer, has just printed nis reminiscences of the bar. One of his first briefs was given to him by a rather shady attorney of the Jewish persuasion, and being at that time without experience young Ballantine yielded implicitly to his instructions. "A young gentleman of the same faith," he says, "was called as a witness. My client suggested a question .
Blindly I put it, and was met by a direct negative. 'What a ejaculated my client, and dictated another question; the same result followed, and a similar ejaculation. By his further instruction I put a third, the answer to which completely knocked us over. My client threw himself back. said be, 'he is a liar, he always was a liar, and always will be a remarked 'you seem to know all about 'Of course I was the reply, 'he is my own The clans of the Camerons will tremble in their halls if plumed knight of Maine mounts the stump in Pennsylvania to help their foes to rout them .
There has been a suspicious silence about Mr. Blaine of late, be may be furbishing up for 8 Quixotic contest. York Sun. Costly things--those Malley alibis. Florence, the actor, who has not got his consulship yer, says: "Everybody has received me personally with much kindness, but I don't like the idea of dispossessing man of a place where he is getting his bread .
Everywhere I turn there is some poor fellow to be discharged if I should be appointed. Yet they say that is the only way to get an office. If it is, I am afraid I don't like the business." Many Irishmen talk as if they wished O' Donovan Rossa was going to be bung on the same day as Guitean. A New York State man who recently tried a Hiving machine of his own invention had no advice to give to those who crowded around. All he said was: "Work in 'durned fool' somewhere on my tombstone!" Strikes involve a tremendous waste of money and of productive power, which must be felt sooner or later in the general condition of business .
If it is disheartening now, we may be very sure that a waste of several millions each week by idleness of workmen will not make it better. Public. Look at the Great Bargains streets. "Country Week." the extensive clothing house of Edward C. Almy Co .
are now offering. There can be no excuse for any one not appearing well dressed when a nice, stylish suit can be obtained at such prices as are named in their attractive advertisement today. Tuey mention a few more of those all-wool men's suits left, at prices from 84 to $6. Two hundred elegant fancy all- wool suits, just made up in the latest style, which will sell very quick, 3 for 89 63: well worth $15. Great reductions just made in their nobby boys' sailor and kilt suits .
We notice, also, a fine line of gents' blue flannel suits. For bargains in these goods, purchasers will consult their best interest by calling at the old Eagle Clothing Store, corner of Washington and Essex The special committee in charge of the "country week" branch of the benevolent work the Young Men's Christian Union is acrively preparing for this the eighth season of this charity. Ladies, gentlemen and business firms are very kindly responding to the call of the committee for funds, and it confidently hopes to to favor as many or more this year than in 1881. Donations may be sent by mail or otherwise to William H. Baldwin, president of the Young Men's Christian Union, 18 Boylston street, Boston, marked for the "country for which receipts will be promptly sent by mail .
Long Island. Tomorrow the first trip will be made by the steamer A. F. Chaffee to Long Island and return; also, daily trips until further notice at 10 a. returning at 5 p .
from Long wharf, Atlantic avenue. OAK HALL offering pure linen suits at twenty-five cents on 81 in the men's department, and creating a sensation. as usual. THE STAR OF THE CIRCUS OR, THE MYSTERY OF ROBERT RUDD. By HORATIO ALGER, JR .
1882, by Horatio Alger, CHAPTER V. TARBOX AND THE CONSTABLE GO TO THE CIRCUS. think I'll go in and bid my wire good-by," said the constable, ruefully. the need of that?" asked TarDoX, impatiently. don't know what ready may do nappen," duty said by Sprig .
gins, solemnly. to my gover'ment; but it's a risky business, arrestin' a giant." well, be quick about it. I don't believe Mrs. Spriggins will mind." This remark did not seem to encourage or soothe constable, but he made no remark. He went into the house, and Mrs .
Sprigging followed him when he came out. Tarbox," she said, "vou're real mean to get my husband into trouble." "How have I got him into trouble demanded Tarbox doggedly. "You want to get him into a fight a giant. He ain't fit to wrestle with any one, bein' in poor health, least of all a giant." he a officer of the law? That's what I want to know," said Tarbox, "Why, yes." "Then let him do his duty. I've put a warrant into his bands, and Squire Price and I expeat him to execute it." "Suppose he's killed?" suggested Mrs .
Spriggins. Her husband looked nervous at the possibility hinted at, but Tarbox was inexorable. "Then you can be proud of his dyin' while doin' his duty. Come, constable, I've no time to waste. Come along!" "You're real mean!" ejaculated Mrs .
Spriggins, teartully. Tarbox deigned no answer, but strode out of the yard, followed by the reluctant constable. Few words were said, but when they were half way to the circus grounds a bright idea struck Spriggins. "I say, Mr. Tarbox," he said, eagerly, "can't we compromise this thing?" don't know what you mean." "You might authorize me to say to the giant in a friendly kind of way that your feelin's are hurt, that it's probably all a misunderstandin', and propose to make up." "Spriggins, are you 8 fool? Do you think I'm goin' to compromise after I've been shaken almost to pieces and my dog has been kicked to death?" "He might agree to buy you a new dog, if it was properly set before "A new dog wouldn't make up for Bruiser .
He scared all the children in the neighborhood. I shan't see his like again. What I want is -revenge!" den't you lay for him then yourself, and not drag me into it "Sprigging, believe you're a coward-you're afraid of this Enoch." "Who wouldn't be afraid of a man eight or nine feet high?" ain't afraid of him," said Tarbox, stoutly. "I'll stand by you; we'll face him together." Seeing that there was no disposition to yield on the part of his client, if I may so designate Mr. Tarbox, the constable continued on his war, grasping the warrant in uneasy fingers .
It was some distance to the circus grounds, but the way seemed all too short for Constable Spriggins, who felt like a man approaching an enemy's battery. At length they came in sight of the circus grounds. Around the big tent were congregated a crowd of men and boys, and a stream of people was already marching up to the DOX office to buy tickets, while hitched to trees and posts were carriages and wagons of all descriptions which had been employed to convey intending spectators from the town about. Nothing draws like a circus in the country, or perhaps we may add in the city also. goin' to be a crowd," remarked the constable .
"Yes; fools tand their money are soon parted. I never went circus in all my life. It's all foolery." went once when I was a boy, and I liked it. I little thought under what circumstances I should make my second said 1 Spriggins, ruefully. are wicked, in my opinion," said Tarbox .
close 'em all up if I could; we'll do what we can to stop this." By this time they had got into the crowd at the entrance. Instead of going up to the ticket office to purchase tickets they passed and reached the doorway where stood a man to receive tickets. Where's your tickets?" demanded he of Spriggins and his companion. Mr. Sprigging turned to Tarbox expecting him to explain .
don't need no tickets," said he in an impressive manner. man in an officer of the law." "No deadheads- -no free list," said the tickettaker shortly. "Stand don't understand me," said Tarbox. is Constable Spriggins, and he demands admission in the name of the United States and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts." United States don't own this show, nor yet the State of Massachusetts. Stand aside and let those who have tickets enter." "It's no said the constable .
rather relieved. "They won't let us officer wants to make an arrest in your building," said Tarbox, trying again. belp it! He can't get in without a ticket." see how 'tis," said Spriggins, cheerfully. can't get in." your way in!" said Tarbox, indignantly. "You've got the law on your side." This the constable positively refused to do .
"Then buy a ticket and go in. The State will pay you back." no call to do it, and I don't believe I'd get my money back." refuse to do your duty, do you?" "No, I don't. I've tried, and I can't. You know how it is yourself." Mr. Tarbox was nonplussed .
He didn't like to give up his cherished scheme of vengeance, yet how was he to carry it out? "I'll tell you what I'll he said, buy you a ticket, and trust to the State to pay me." "You can't collect it of me," said the constable, "even if the State don't pay you." You can buy me a ticket if you want But Tarbox was seized with a sudden suspicion. Spriggin might go in and see the show at his expense, and leave his duty unperformed. There was nothing to do but to go in with him, and that would involve the purchase of two tickets, and the expenditure of an entire dollar, which Tarbox, who was a close man, could not think of without mentally groaning. Nevertheless, his soul thirsted for revenge, and it was clear that revenge could not be had without expense. "Spriggins," he said, "I'll buy two tickets, and we'll go in together." The constable would bave preferred to go in alone .
He wanted to see the show, and if he had been unaccompanied he could have done so without any troublesome duties disturbing his enjoyment. "Jest as you say," he answered, a little nervously. Mr. Tarbox joined the line, and gradually worked his way to the ticket office. couple of tickets," he said, banding a dollar bill to the ticket agent .
Two tickets were linmediately passed to him, and he and the constable entered the tent. Opposed as he was to the circus, Tarbox could not forbear looking about him with considerable curiosity. They were not yet in the main room, the cages animals. Mr. Tarbox started as an but were in, an outer lobby where were ranged African lion, whose cage he was passing, roared, and be regarded with some apprehension the gratings of the cage .
"It's rather resky," he said. "Suppose the lions or tigers should break out." The constable trembled at the suggestion, but still seemed interested in looking about bim. "Come, Mr. he said, "let's go and look at the elephants." "Do you think I came here to see elephants?" he said, sternly. "Constable, I call upon you to do your duty." "How can' asked the constable; "I don't see the giant." One of the canvas men happened to be passing, and Mr .
Tarbox, rightly concluding that he was connected with the show, asked, Enoch?" "Enoch!" repeated the canvas man, staring; guess you're off. I don't know any Enoch." "I mean the Norwegian giant." 40h!" said the attendant, smiling, "You just follow round to the left, and you'll see him. He's sittin' next to the fat lady." "Constable," said Mr. Tarbox, grasping his companion by the arm, "we are on the scent. Come along, and we'll see what the villain has to say to the law." CHAPTER VI .
TARBOX IS DEFEATED. The performance had not commenced- -indeed, half an hour would elapse betore the hour fixedand several of the performers were to be seen among the spectators about the cages of the animals. One of these Tarbox recognized. "Look at that boy he said, clutching the constable's arm. He pointed to Robert Rudd and Charlie Davis, the two young ridere, who were walking together .
of him?" asked Spriggins. the young villain that was with Enoch." Spriggins inwardly wished that the warrant was for Robert instead of the giant. "Why didn't you arrest him instead of the he asked. "Perbaps will yet, for he trespassed on my grounds; but it was Enoch that up and killed Bruiser. Look here, young feller," he said, addressing Robert .
Robert turned and smiled as he recognized the farmer. its vou;" he answered. ex, it's me," answered Tarbox, sternly. "Where's Enoch?" "Who do you mean?" "That overgrown brute that was with you this Charlie Davis asked a question in a low voice of Robert, and then turning to Tarbox before Robert bad a chance te answer bim asked, '19, you want to buy a dog, mister?" "You're too small! I don't want a puppy!" answered Tarbox, scowling. "OD, you're too answered Charlie, rather annoyed, perticularly as Robert laughed .
"Why don't you answer me, boy," demanded Tarbox, angrily. I will conduct you 1 to my friend, the Norwegian giant," answered Robert, politely. "Come along, Spriggins!" said Mr. Tarbox, pulling after him the reluctant constable. Spriggins would have enjoyed a leisurely wild examination of the Albino sisters, the man from Borneo, the living skeleton, and the fat whose soul was fired by the desire for but none of them had attractions for Mr .
lady, All massive too soon dignity they sat reached Anak, the the chair NorAs wegian Anak's rested on the approaching visgiant. eyes itors, he looked amused. "I'm glad to see you, my friend," he called out, in the deep tones natural to him, to Tarbox. "And I'm glad to see you." said Tarbox, spitefully. "I came here expressly to see you." "You're very kind," gaid Anak .
"Take a good look. There aint so much of me as there is of my Mme. Leonora, with a wave of the band friend, towards the fat ladv. but you can look at me much as you want "I shall soon see you prison cell," said Mr. Tarbox, sternly .
Spriggins, do your duty, sir." Poor Spriggins gazed at the immense man before him, with his heart gradually sinking down into his boots. Never in all his life had he been placed in such an embarrassing position. What utter nonsense it was for him to think of leading out such a monster by the collar. Why, he couldn't begin to reach up to Anak's collar. "Can't we compromise this thing," he asked, faintly .
No, we can't, Spriggins; I insist upon your doin' your duty." "What do you want?" asked Anak, in some curiositv. "Produce your warrant, Spriggins," said TarDox. The constable mechanically drew it out from his inside pocket. Tarbox saw that he must take the initiative, and be was perfectly willing to do so. he said, "this man is an officer of the law .
He has a warrant for your arrest." "For my arrest?" inquired Anak, opening his eyes in amazed surprize. "Yes, for assault and battery on me, Nathan Tarbox, and the murder of my dog, Bruiser. Such things can be done in Norway, p'r'aps, but they ain't allowed in the State of Massachusetts. Spriggins, do your duty." The constable looked at the giant uncomfortably, and edged away a little. said Anak, shaking his sides, "does he want to arrest me?" "Yes," said 1 Tarbox grimly .
"Spriggins, read the warrant." it yourself, Mr. Tarbox." Tarbox did so with evident enjoyment, but Anak's enjoyment seemed no less. ho, ho!" he shouted. is a i joke!" "You won't find it much of a joke," said Tarbox. "Come, Spriggins, do your duty." Enoch," said the constable, in a trembling voice .
"if you'll come with me without making any fuss, I'll see that you are well treated." "Suppose I don't," said Anak. Spriggins looked helplessly at Tarbox. That was a question he could not answer. it'll be the worse for you," said Tarbox, who was always ready to make up for his companion's deticiencies. "Can't you wait till the performance is over?" asked the giant, smiling .
be sure." said Spriggins, quickly. "Anything to oblige." said Tarpox, decidedly. warrant must be served now. You have no discretion." like to oblige the gentleman," said the constable, who wanted to avoid trouble and see the performance. "You can't .
It won't be allowed." "What's the use of losing the benefit of our money, Mr. Tarbox?" "That's my consider affair. it I wicked don't want nt. to see the circus. a snare lure souls to Satan .
"But I don't; you can go, you know," suggested Sprigging. "No; I shall stay here to see that you do your duty." "You have no charge over me," said the constable, with some spirit. the same you need looking after. Enoch, if you defy the law you'll find is the worse for you. This ain't Norway." we've got no such fools as you in Norway," retorted the giant .
"Tell me what you want." Tarbox whispered to Spriggins. The latter in a tremulous voice said, "Enoch, I arrest you in the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and I require you to come with Ine once." "Come and take me," said Anak, his broad face relaxing with a smile. do you mean?" asked Tarbox, quickly. mean that I shan't stir from this chair. My contract with this show requires me to sit here .
If the constable wants me, be must take me by force. He needn't be afraid. If be can take me he may. Even Tarbox looked rather non-plussed. Both he and Spriggins together would have found it impossible to carry off a giant weighing over four hundred pounds .
see, we'll have to give it up," said Spriggins, with evident pleasure. "You're glad of it said Tarbox suspiciously. "Yon don't wan't to do your duty." tried to do it, and it's no use," said the constable with a little show of spirit. I bad the strength of a yoke of oxen, I might do something; as it is. I better come quietly, Enoch," said TarDox, his own courage beginning to fail .
A crowd bad collected about the two, and derisive smiles and remarks greeted the lamentable failure of Tarbox's scheme of revenge. a wheelbarrow, mister," said a boy, from a neighboring town. you better try a derrick?" suggested a man beside him. "You must be a lunatic!" said another. "We'd better go, Mr .
said Spriggins, uncomfortably. won't stir," said Tarbox, looking around him with a scowl, I see that warrant served. I wish I was a constable." wouldn't be healthy for you, old man!" said Charlie Davis, who, with Robert. had been drawn to the scene, and heard the colloquy. "I'd make you healthy if I bad you with me for a few minutes," said Tarbox, scowling .
you: you're very kind, but my time is too valuable." said Charlie. is all this?" asked a voice of authority. It was the voice of the manager, who had been attracted by the crowd as he was going his rounds. matter is that we've got a warrant for this man's arrest!" said Tarbox, pointing to the "Show me your warrant!" It was handed him. He smiled as he read it, and handing it back remarked, warrant is mere waste paper, "Why is it?" asked Tarbox, defiantly .
"Because there is no such man as Enoch in this show." "Isn't that his name?" asked Tarbox. "No, it isn't. If you can find a man by that name you are welcome to take him." "Crushed again," remarked Charlie Davis, mockingly. Tarbox made a grab for the boy's collar but failed to secure him. "Come out, Spriggins," he said, in a tone of deep depression .
"You can go if you like," said the constable, independently; going to stay and see the show." BE CONTINUED MARINE NEWS. Arrived, Fridav. Steamers, Nestorian, Pierce, Glasgow: Palestine. Whiteway, Liverpooi: Secret, Ludlow. Aunapolis: Saxon .
Snow, Philadelphia. Bark Kamschatta Mueler. Cienfuegos. Brig R. L.T., Thompson .
Matanza3. Schooners. E. Walsh. LeClair .
St. Kitts: Quaker City, McNeilley, St. Pierre. James H. Byrnes .
Collins. St. Pierre. Lizzie Hyer, Harrington, and Emma Hart. Davis, Brunswick .
Lizzie Carr, Dunn, Darien, Messenger. Falker. BeanS. John Mettier. Bowden, Lanesville: Exchange .
Deer Isle: Susan Stetson. Ravnes, Satilla River: Fred Walton, Knowles, Richmond: Carrie Richardson. Richardson, Caibarien; Mary Jane. Wyman, Yarmouth, N. S .
K. James, Bissett, St. John: Annie Corlsum. Maxner, Liverpool, N. Sandolphin, Turpin, Bear River; Jennie, Doherty, Rock port .
N. Stella, Shupe. Mahone Bay. N. Helen Montague, Green, Port Royal; James Baker, Appleby .
Newburyport; Czar. Davis; Chartes Mitchell, Frost; Skylark, Crocker; L. S. Levering. Fisher; and Parker M .
Hooper, Lane. Baltimore. Abbie Stubb, Crowell; Sallie Ludiam. Ludlam: Bertram Townsend, Tun. nell; Mary Collins, Somers; W .
Cobb, Chase; L. H. Babcock, Stickland; J. Baymore, Burge: Edith Everman. Lloyd: J .
L. Bryam. Lee; Hattie Baker, Baxter; Charies E. Raymona, Kelly: Alice Babson: W. Marshall .
Cain: Richard Naux. Barrett: F. S. Don, Gage; J. K .
Manning. Gandy; Harriet Vanecleaves; J. H. Gorden, arden: Emina B. Shaw .
Campbell, and Taylor Mathis, Wharton: Maggie J. Chadwick. Norris: C. P. Harris, Benton; Hele: M .
Benedict. Manson; D. M. Buehler. Malloy; Elm City .
Etheridge; John Paige. Haley; R. S. Corson. Corson; L .
Townsend, Tunnell; Carl D. Lothrop, Snow. and Marcia S. Lewis. Kelley, Port Johnson .
Eliza J. Raynor. Barrott. South Amboy; Robert Foster, Leighton, and Harris; George Gunley, Bruce, Elizabethport; W. Bement, J .
Price, Nickerson; Francis Edwards, West; Bessie Mary Myers, Farr, Conway; George D. Perry, Flynn; Magee; Watchman, Tracey; Herbert Fisher; N. E. Symonds, Keene; Susan H. Ritchie, Bartlett, and Welaka .
Perkins, Hoboken; Hattie S. Collins, Nickerson, and Loduskia, Leach, New York: Edwin R. Kirk. Newton. Elwood Doran, Jarvis: Alaska .
Hart: New Zealand, Peek: E. Closson, Handy; Isola, Smith, and Ernest Lee, Blatchiord, Weehawken; Kalmar, Brown, Perth Amboy; James Alderdice, Downes. Amboy; Ludowick, Pierce: Corinna Blatchford, and Ann Parker, Mitchell, Rock port, Mass. Cleared, Friday. -Steamer Palmyra, Cottier, Liverpool, by P .
Du Vernet. Schooners, George Littlefield, Oliver, Baracoa, W. Noves: Irene, Swim. Barrington, N. Barclay L .
Huntley, Conners, Parsboro. J. Mannand; Osseo, Flewelling, Charlottetown, Fredericton, T. Harris: Alma, Rilcey, Hathaway Harriett Chase, Howard. Moncton, Hathaway Polar Star, Landry, St .
Pierre, De Long Risk, Mallett, Meteghan, J. Hall; Tarquin, Garvin, Pictou. by J. C. Bates Mayflower (Br), Neville, Port Medway, Delong seaman; Black Bird, Reefe, St .
John, N. T. B. Harris. Forest City, Donovan, Portland, by William Weeks .
Schooners. Maggie E. Gray, Crockett, Baltimore via Kenneber river, G. W. Russell; Veto, Springer, Philadelphia via Kennebec river, by the same: Marion E .
Childs. Rockhill. Anderson, Kennebee river; Ida della Torre, Kennebee river: Frank Walter, Nickerson, W. O. Kennebee Nettleton, river; Wm .
Mason, Chase, Konnebee river; Snow. Nantucket, C. E. Mudge. SAILED .
Bark Cheshire. MARRIACE INTENTIONS. Lewis Zandeton, 20, and Sarah Youngman, 18; Davis Rubinovy, 21, and Bessie Silverman. 19; Seldon M. Wilder, 25, and Carrie V .
Came, 28: John F. 23. and Mary Collins, 21; James McLaren. Cadigan, and Janet McLean, 31; Thomas Lawler, 40, and 41, Catherine Gorgau, 30. MARRIED .
this city, 24th Fannie by Rev. Charles A. Reese, John R. Brooks and Hendry, both of Boston. this city, 25th by Rev .
o. P. Gifford, Melvin D. Clarko and Helen Edith Dolby, both of Somerville. this city, 25th by L .
B. Schwarz. August Jordan of Boston and Rev. by Rev. O .
P. Gifford, Frank W. Richards and Sarah Louise J. Homer of Newark, N. J .
this a city, 24th E. Stillings, both of Boston. DIED. -In South Sarah Bermingham, 21 years. CROCKETT .
In Charlestown, 26th Mrs. Katie wife of George H. Crockett, 24 years 10 months 10 dava. DA this city, 25th Mrs. Sarah Davis, 86 years .
South Boston, 25th Charlotte, second daughter of Peter and Kate Druhan, 12 years 6 months. on Sunday, at 2 p. from 144 West Seventh street, Boston.1 FEELEY. -In this city, 25th John J. Feeley, 32 vears .
this city, 25th Daniel Flynn, 65 In this city, 24th Richard this city, 24th Patrick Lawler, 63 years. -In this city, 24th Augustus Mason, 59 years. this city, 25th James Miller, 26 years. Funeral from the Church of the Immaculate Conception at 9 o'clock Saturday morning. Friends and relatives are invited toattend without further notice.) this city, 25th Ann H .
Pierce, 52 In this city, 24th Bethian C. Prince, 89 years. this city, 25th Daniel Pottle, 24 years. South Boston, 25th Jeremiah Scannell. 57 years, 'TILESTO -In 'this city, 25th Hannah Tileston .
71 yea In this citv, 25th inst, Caroline Weisenbach, 66 years. SUNDAY SERVICES. BOSTON YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION.A special memorial service will be held tomorrow Tuesday. Addresses Decoration will be given by General Wil(Sunday evening), day being the following mon W. Blackmar, who was Captian of Cavalry in the late war, Colonel Charles B .
Fox. Lieutenant-Colonel of the 55th Massachusetts Regiment in the late war, and the President. W. H. Baldwin .
Readings appropriate to the occasion, by Mr. George B. Ford. The service will be held in the Union Hall. Doors open at 7: to begin at 7.30 o'clock .
The public cordially invited. B. Y. M. C .
ASSOCIATION. Building open from 8 a. m. to 10.15 to 6 p. m .
Praver meeting at 12.15. German service at 3 p. m. Service of song at 4.30. Evening service omitted on account of 31st anniversary exercises in Music Hall at 7.30 .
Addresses by Major -General Howard, U.S. the Rev. Canon Baldwin or Montreal, and Rev. Frederick Courtney, D. of Boston .
The publie cordially invited. BROMFIELD STREET M. E. day and its Lesson." will be the evening topic at 7.31, and "Domestic Religion" the morning topic at 10.30. of the pastor, Rev .
0. A. Brown. Sun lay School at 12 m. Young people's meeting at 6.30 p .
RI. WALT WHITMAN'S SCRIPTURES misjudged "obscene." freedom of thought. speech, press as" Leaves of Grass," considered in Free Love sailed by Attorney.General Marston's suppressing tion, Science Hall. REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Hawthorne Hail .
No. 2 Park Divine service at 10.30 a. In. and 7.45 p. m .
Rev. W. Brenton Greene, will preach in the moruing. All the seats in this church are free. HORTICULTURAL (lower) 3 and 8 p .
m. Rev. Dr. Leeming. the Australian orator, on "Hypocrisy of the Church of Rome." Roman are in reality the servants of Antichrist." St .
Barnard. "BIBLE CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALISTS' Chelsea. Services at 3 ard7.30 Hall, Hawthorne street. Inspirational and trance-speaking through Mrs. M .
A. Ricker. Seats free, and the public invited. INVESTIGATOR HALL (Paine a. m .
Question, "Has Man the Power of Choice! Opened by Mr. Stillman, followed by Messrs. Wetherell, Ashton, Davies, Seaver, Splaine and others. Free debate. SPIRITUAL MEETING .
NEW ERA HALL. 176 Tremont street. at :.30 and 7.30, by J. E. Hall .
Mrs. Leslie. Mra. Pierce of Lynn, Mr. Bray, Mr .
MeKenna and other good speakers. Vocal and orchestral music. COLUMBUS AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCR. -Preaching at 10.30 a.m. by Rev .
James M. Gray of the Reformed Episcopal Church, at 7.30 D. m. by the pastor, Rev. W .
Brenton Greene, Jr. Sabbath school. 12 m. FREE LOVE CONVENTION, Setence Hall, 712 Washington street, forenoon, afternoon and evening. Joseph If .
Swain, James Neo Stillman, E. H. Heywood, Professor Barnes, Mr. Wiley and other speakers. MRS GLOVER EDDY .
author this "Science and Health." speaks at Hawthorne Rooms every Sunday at 3 p. m. All are cordially invited. EVANGELIST SERVICES will be held in the hall, 227 Tremont street, at 7.30 p. m .
Subject, "What is the Christian Church? GLORY OF by Mr. S. P. Putnam of New York, in Paine Hall, at 2.45 p. DI .
Good music. REAL ESTATE. TOR ALE- consisting Very of desirable large estate in house, Bolton, 14 two story rooms. carriage house and barn. with slated roofs .
and in most perfect order: 7 acres of nice land, situated on high ground, commanding a tine view of Wachusett Monadnock Mountains, also Leoninster and Fitchburg: located on main road, one mile from town. three miles from Lancaster, and four miles from Clinton. the Lane ster railroad passes near the bouse, which will be run in conneetion with the Massachusetts Central road from Clinton to Boston during the coming season. Coach passes the place twice daily for the depot. This estate was formerly well known, and successfully carried on as a summer boarding-honse .
Full particulars from the owner, where photographic view of house may he seen. Price, 83500. G. L. CAMPBELL .
9 and 11 Exchange place. my 25 DOR SALE ON SPRING HILL SOMERVILLE. on high land on the southerly crest of the hill. in a good neighborhood, a two-story French roof house. in excellent repair, 12 rooms .
with most modern improvements. About 11.000 feet of land with apple and pear trees, grape vines. currant and blackberry pushes, quincat rees, all in good bearing condition. Price reasonable; part of purchase money can remain on mortgage. A good chance to secure a home with advantiges of both city and country .
Address or call upon S. H. LIBBEY. room 3. 17 State street .
Boston. Sudtf ap2 payments, MALE. small house 8900." rear cash of or 667 in E. Fifth monthly FOR South Boston: insured for 8700; keys at 669 East Fifth st. ALBERT GATES, 40 Water st .
my27 -Camden street. South End. near horse cars. 7-room house, gas, water-closet, garden, for one or two small families: 83500. CHAS .
T. BODWELL, 63 Court cor. Cornhill. my24 SALE feet of land on Roxbury, suitable for a borders on Stony brook, close to steam and horse cars. Address J .
Globe office. mv25 NOR NA Houses at the west End and North End; collections of rents or business bills made promptly. WM. TAYLOR, 8 Pemberton Boston. ti ap26 BUSINESS CHANCES .
RARE health to remove Being to a obliged warmer on climate. account I A offer for sale the following real estate: The Bristol House. Bristol, N. H. This hotel is nearly new .
having been built but 14 years. is 60x 44 feet, 5 stories, with 50x30, 4 stories; dance hall 50x30, two stories; cookroom. barber's shop apd billiard-room in basement of main building. 3 Has 80 sleeping-rooms. 'Chis hotel is in a good location .
and is full round. Will sell with alt the furniture and fixtures as it now is. Also my carriage factory. This is 100x40 feet. two stories high, besides basement and attic .
It has a never-failing supply of water, many times in excess of the amount required, with 14 feet head. It is in thorough repair and in full operation, with 15 operatives. The carriages manufactured here have had a high reputation for thirty years past. Address 0. K .
BUCKLIN. Bristol, N. H. tf mh31 SALE To physicians and druggists, a tirstclass drug store, with large medical practice; average daily receipts. 880: chance seldom offered: also the turniture in 12 rooms .
W. F. CARRUTHERS, 24 Tremont row. my24 TOR SALE Lodging house. rooms .
make 14 beds; always full of good paying lodgers, pay in advance: pays about 875 per month profit; price, 8950. CARRUTHERS, 24 Tremont row. my24 TOR SALE--Carpets and one part of the furniture genteel residence in of the most desirab localities in Boston: house full of good -paving boarders; lease has nearly three years to run; an excellent chance for those wishing to give first-class table board. For further particulars address A. Globe office .
tf ap26 TOR mineral SALE- spring in The this exclusive State; yield right large. of and the only best 4 miles from State House, Boston. Address 'M. Globe Office. my26 invest in the -A partner paying with business 81000 in cash, Boston .
capital No to humbug. The business will speak for itself. Address H. A. Globe office .
my27 MACHINERY, Etc. THE SEIBERT OIL CUP Sole manufacturers of Oil Cups for Locomotives, Marine and Stationary Engine Cylinders, under the Seibert and Gates Patents, with Sight Feed. Take "Sight Feed" is owned exclusively by this company. See Judge Lowell's decision in the United States Circuit Court. District of Massachusetts .
Feb. 23, 1852. All parties are hereby notified to desist the use, manufacture or sale of same, as we shall vigorously pursue and prosecute all infringers. THE SEIBERT CYLINDER OIL CUP COMPANY. 53 Oliver Boston .
tuhll TRENCH BAND SAWS -Peugeot, Ames et Cie. superior to all others, received by WELCH GRIFFITHS, sole importers, 91 Water Boston. 1m my6 DIAMONDS, JEWELRY, Etc. I ONLY to have your watch cleaned, oiled, regulated and warranted one year; clocks. 50c .
and jewelry repaired: established 1868. E. V. S. WILLIAMSON .
1108 Washington st. Cut this out. Cash for gold. Open evenings. SSuMWtf mill Diamond, Pearl, Garnet Amethyst, Turquoise, Cameo, Intaglio, Onyx: also, solid band, plain and chased; the greatest variety in Boston .
KEITH 1301 Washington st. Stf aut FOR SALE. TOR SALE. Billiard Table Appointments complete, in order. by Balley, Boston .
82 Winnisimmet street, Chelsea. my 24 PHOLSTERY DEPARTMENT Jordan. Marsh Co. Nottingham lace curtains in white. yards long .
double border, at 81.50 per pair; same goods in white and ecru. 3 yards long, at per pair. A few of the jute "cottage" curtains at 95 pair. Sold in former seasons at 810. Very desirable furniture coverings, 32 inches wide, and very heavy at 50c .
per yard. JORDAN, MARSH Washington aud Avon sta. tf my SUMMER BOARD. DOLAND HOUSE- South Poland, favorite summer resort bids fair to be more popular than ever this suminer. The location, on high land, is one of the healthiest in New England; the views of both mountain and lake scenery are unrivalled .
We are reuttin the hotel throughoutpainting and papering, adding new rooms. an elevator, new black walnut chamber sets, new carpets, new bath-rooms, open fire-places, etc. The drainage is perfect, as the best mechanical and scientific skill has been utilized to cover this very important feature of a summer hotel. Many of our rooms are already engaged, and guests will be certain of a pleasant company. concerning rooms can be reasonable, had of as Mr .
A. H. BRIGGS. Prices usual. Particulars Poland Spring Depot, 35 Congress Boston, or by mail of the Proprietors, H .
RICKER SONS. South Poland, Me. Sutf aD23 ATLANTIC HOUSE, WELLS 'THE BEACH. has been taken by C. 0 .
CHAMBERLAIN (formerly of the Highland House, Biddeford Pool) and has been thoroughly renovated and refitted. Perfect drainage has been secured. and Poland spring water will be furnished reguiarly to all guests. With the great improvements which have been made, the fine location of the house. its bathing, boating, drives, tishing .
hunting and other popular features, it is no wonder rooms are being rapidly taken. Particulars can had by mail as above, or at Poland Spring Depot, are Congress Boston. TuThStf my16 A few more large can accommodated at Auburn, N. on a 50 miles from Boston, near the lake; rooms tor fifty guests; large grove adjoining house; inilk. pleasant drives; mountain air .
plenty of berries and outdoor amusemeuts, terms. 85 per week; families reduced rates; none but those of good address need at apply. Address CHARLES W. CALEF, myl8 Auburn, N. 1tS SUMMER Pittstield, BOARD 3 For miles 8 or from 10 railroad adults, sta- 13 tion; large airy rooms; good board, with plenty of milk .
cream and eggs; good tishing and boating close and beautiful scenery. Mrs. J. C. by; pleasant P .
0. drives Box 43, Lanesboro, Mass. my 24 SUMMER BOARD In Charlemont, Hoosac near the Deerfield line on the Fitchburg and Tunnel R. pleasant rooms in a large farm house; plenty of vegetables, milk, eggs: each. picturesque Address Mrs .
scenery; board, rooms and lights for 95 LEWIS, Box 53. Charlemont. Mass. tf my5 LIFF COTTAGE NOOK is one of the most rural little spots near Boston. It combines rest .
recreation and comfort, which with the coolness and fragrance of a shady pine grove. renders it very attractive. Address Box 297, Dedham. my 18 A Can ROUT be accommodated TWENTY in a FIVE pleasant PERS location, on a farm six miles from Wachusett Mountain, with good boating. fishing .
drives, etc. R. G. V. C .
MAREAN, Hubbardston. Mass. my4 FURNISHED COTTAGE of 8 rooms Cod, to A let for the season at Cotait. Mass. (on Address Cape MARY within 3 minutes' walk of the water .
E. HUTCHINGS, Cotuit, Mass. my25 WANTED. Situation as clerk. copyist or cashier WANTED counting-room or office, or as proof-reader and general assistant in a newspaper office by a man who has had experience: can give the best of references, and is willing to work for a fair salary .
Address, H. Globe office. tf ap7 -Young men in country, who deWASTE position or work in Boston. should send age, references, kind of work preferred, to V. E .
A. Office. 19 Winter street, Boston. No notice will be taken of application unless the applicant encloses three-cent stamp. Suitf A would YOUNG be employed MAN would evenings like and a place holidays, where in the he cigar or other light business .
A place where he could purchase, part Office. interest in time preferred. my27 Address inventors to know that I make charge for obtaining patents nntil after the patent is actually allowed: over 30 years' experience; book sent free. C. A .
SHAW, 11 Court Boston. my21 TED- Agents for the best invention of the century: all the people want it; sale immediate and universal. profits large. Call on or write Boston Lamp 567 Washington Bostou. tf je9 Experienced and capable entry clerk WANTED jobbing -house; also young man able and willing up in counting-room .
Address HOUSE." Globe office. dSutf ap19 YOUNG LADY of some experience desires A a position as assistant book -keeper, copvist, entry clerk or cashier. References Address 13 Pemberton square, Room 2. dSutf mv26 -Situation as bar-tender: experienced; good reference. H .
MANNING. Post Office. my26 ANTED- Tinsmiths; also. a striper for 1a- panned ware. Apply to SEAVEY 93,95 North st .
sudtf mh5 WANT Laundry, 75 good Essex ironers st. immediatelv. my 27 B. BOARD AND ROOMS. TOR genteel residence Carpets in and one part of of the the most furniture destrabie localities in Boston: house full of good -paying boarders; lease has nearly three years to run; an excellent chance for those wishing to give first-class table board .
For further particulars address A. Globe office. tf ap26 TI LET- In private family, front and hack parlor. up one tight, hot and cold water. Bath room connecting .
furnished in black walnut; with home comforts: rent reasonable to permanent parties. ADply at 30 Village, off Castle st. my 27 bills of fare and the TABLE best coffee BOA and best -Good made coffee fu Boston, at 36 Hancock street. Boston. Keasonable prices .
one side and square room. my 23 TO and cold water Two and furnished all the square modern rooms, conveniences, with hot en suite singly, with or without board. Apply at 38 Greenwich park. off Columbus avenue. dSutf m6 RENT reduced to half price .
One room will serve you as well as two rooms by using a MANTEL BED. Prices reduced. Call and examine. 75 Court street, Scollay square. 1t CLAIRVOYANTS .
SADIE business JOHNSON- clairvoyant; -The world challenges -renowned the world medin telling of love and marriage, contested wills, future lite reading: also from cradle to the grave; causes speedy and happy marriages: advice on all business affairs: describing absent and spirit friends; letters by mail. 81: xives magnetic treatment for the brain, rest; chronic diseases. lost vitality. rheumatism and female weakness a specialty. No 22 Tremont row .
room 4. BELL ED 120 Tremont rooms 18 and 19, clairvovants, challenge the world on business, future prospects. absent or spirit friends: give names tell life from cradle to grave: examine and treatment for the sick; cure rheumatism. nervousness: restore vitality; treatment and baths: satisfaction assured. UNT ARRIVED- -Spanish Fortune Tellers will be at the Ashland House, 1202 Washington for a few weeks only; call and have your destiny read by the only Moll Pitchers in existence .
Ladies. gents. 75c. DONNAS D'ALVAREZ. ME .
near LAW Revere House: -FERMONTE only one 12. week Lynde more: the delightful sensation which pervades the system under my new treatment is exquisite: 10 to 10. MM new ME. method: VA the RDI delight 1-Magnetic of her treatment treatment is by inde- a seribable; warm tub baths a specialty: 66 Leverett st. Mines OR cards and -87 palmistry: Kneeland cures telis by rheu- sitmatism, asthma, lung diseases; give- satisfaction .
J. J. healer: JOUNSON losses, -Truthful absent seer friends. and love, magnetic marriage and all business affairs; 37 Tremont st. 400 1 gives flight .
hot sea Bertie baths; Leroy, treatments delightful; cures rheumatism; come. AND -The popular young mediums from Paris: treatments and baths: 210 Eliot 1 flight; don't ring. MENTON The world-renowned palmist.37 Ash st. ladies.25c. INN front: C .
room 14; always at 52 home; Kneeland home 1 Sundays, flight, cures BERTIE rheumatis 11 :37 Clairvovant Tremout and 100m magnetic 2. ME NE. treatments GRAHAM and baths; home Essex up two Sundays. flights: Mabel Dane, 4 Essex best in city: 2d tlight back: don't ring. I cent 2d RHEA door from Green; clairvorant, 30 Cregon right, one flight .
87. French clairvoyant off gives Castle treatments: Miss lower Josephine, floor. MI ments, $1: 78 Harrison Magnetic avenue. up 1 physician; discht. front .
treatM' 2d flight, FELICI front; dou't ring; Clairvoyant. home 521 day Reach evenings. Is giving her popular baths. E21 Beach lilight, front; home Sundays: don't ring. INS Dover .
fight, EFFIE-Hotel front, on left: Shawmut. don't Village ring; 10 to off 9. VAN OSTEN -6 Bennet Spanish treatments. first-class parties; no triflers need call. ME .
Bates place, WALCOTT off Kneeland and Little near Josie Washington. -Room 1, ENA GREENWOOD -Assisted by Geraldine Boyenton. 83 Albion off Castle: please call. ITTLE -52 Kneeland street. 2 lights .
front, room 11; 9 to 8 o'clock; home Sundays. DIE 8 Treatments and baths, 17 Kneeland 1 flight, front, don't ring; to 10. INS 1 flight, JENNIE front; don't ring: WILLIAMS-31 home Kneeland Sundays. cent 2 doors from Green, on right, 1 -Clairvoyant. 30 CresHight .
EVA flight A and turn to Clairvoyant. right. 35 Sundays. street, 74 ESNEX clairvoyant in Boston: ELLIE 1 flight: EVANS. don't best French ring .
TE 823 Washington room KONY'S home TUB BATHSSunday. 35 voyant: HANOVER first-class; straight 2d ADDAMS, clairup. flight. A don't ring: and FLORINE. Sundays 87 and Albion evenings .
2 flights; INS A -Just from Maine, 52 Kneeland first floor. room 1. treats French, M' 32 INS Harrison 2d flight; and don't little Friend -No. ring. COLOR flight, back; ladies, 50 BENNETT-52 cents .
Kneeland off INS Cambridge always 4 Auburn court, at home. M' three flights; home invites her dav. friends at 85 Albion every M' Kneeland near ON Washington. Room 2, Bates place, off PLEASE hours ASK 10 for to 10. MISS EDWARDS .
17 Chaperett 10 10. BRANDON- Clairvoyant, 5 LevELENE A Y. Might; MA A ring. -Clairvoyant, 57 Leverett room back; 9 to 7 Dix place, 1 flight, ner Tyler st. GEORG 61 Oak, corMUSICAL INSTRUMENTS .
BEATTY'S0 Story Stops, 890. Pianos. $125. FacAddress Dan't F'. Beauty, runing day Washington, night .
N.J. Catalogue free. dSuly wy9 AUCTION SALES. By SULLIVAN BROS. LIBBIE, No .
9 School Street. Boston Highlands, Ward 22-Peremptory Sale. Two Three-Story Wooden Dwelling-Houses, One with Store, Nos. 106 and 108 Logwood Avenue, Near Parker Street. On MONDAY, May 29 .
at 4 o'clock p. on the premises. will be sold without reserve or limit these well-located houses, together, containing thirty-three rooms and store, arranged for eleven tenants, water in each tenement, now paving a rental of $700 per annum. Lot 30 feet front by 120 feet deep-3600 square feet. This estate is very centrally located near steam and horse-cars, the Mission Church and large factories .
The property will always let to good tenants and prove a first rate investment. Terms easy, 8200 to be paid at the sale. 5t my24 Exeentora' Sale of Real Estate in ville. Great Anction Sale of 72 Choice Building Lots en Chauncey Avenue and Wheatland Street, Facing Broadway Park, On WEDNESDAY, May 31, at 3 o'clock p. on the premises, Will be sold to the highest bidders, to settle the estate of Clark Bennett, deceased, these beautifully located building lots .
situated in the most convenient part of Somerville, near steam and horse cars. schools, churches and stores. Lots. feet and contain 2304 feet each; rear passageway 12 feet wide. This property is especially adapted for building purposes, having all conveniences in the way of sewers .
gas and water, and is within three miles of the business centre of Boston. Taxes are being reduced yearly in Somerville, and it will soon be one of the lowest-taxed cities in the State. The lots will be sold without any restrictions whatever. Terms-25 per cent. cash .
in ten days. balance on mortgage; 225 to be paid on each lot at the sale. Plans and further particulars of the auctioneers. HANSAH BENNETT. my26 5t JOSIAH Q .
BENNETT, Executors. South End. Desirable 3-story and ment Brick Dwelling House, No. 31 Northfield near Trement On THURSDAY. June 1 .
at 4 o'clock P. on the premises, will be sold to the highest bidder this very desirable dwelling house. containing 10 rooms and modern improvements: in good repair throughout. The property is well and conveniently located between two lines of horse-cars. in a good neighborhood .
and parties seeking a pleasant residence or a good investment should attend the sale. Terms liberal; 8200 to be paid at the sale. 5t my27 Boston Highlands, Ward 20-Peremptory Sale of Two 2 1-2 Story Wooden DwellIng Douses and About 11,650 Square Feet of Land, Nos. 262 and 261 Norfolk Avenue, Near New York de New land Railroad Bridge. THURSDAY, June 1 .
at 5 o'clock p. on the premises, Will be sold without reserve or limit, to highest bidder, these houses, together containing 18 rooms, arranged for tenants, water on each floor. froutage on Norfolk avenue, 69 feet By the outlay of a small amount property can be made to pay a large interest on the investment. Terms easy: :200 to be paid at the si sale. 5t my 27 By J .
w. COVENEY, Auctioneer. Office, No. 78 Cambridge Street, East Cambridge. Norris Street, off North Avenne, North Cambridge .
Twenty Choice Bailding Lots, Containing from 5600 to 8700 Feet Each, Within 3 Minutes' of four Steam Road Stations, and 1 Minute of Horse Cars. Fare 5 Cents. On THURSDAY, June 1, 1882, at 3 o'clock p. on the premises, 20 very choice building lots, of good dimensions for improvement. Will be sold so as to guard the interest of any one anxious to buy a lot on which to erect a snug homestead .
The lots are on a good street abutting on a wide avenue in a neighborhood that is unexceptionable, and are very desirable for residence or investment. The sale will be made without reserve or limit, and on easy terms. 850 to be paid on each lot at sale. Plans and particulars of anctioneer. my 27 By G .
BECK SON. Household Farniture, Show Cases, Counters, Parlor and Chamber Suits, Parlor Organ, Fifty Carpets, Refrigerators, Mirrors, Etc. On SATURDAY at 9.30 o'clock at store. Crockery and Glass Ware. Also a lot of Family Groceries .
Tea. Coffee. etc. At 10.30 o'clock one twelve-foot nickel-plated Show Case. one nickel-plated six-toot, four Counters, Settees, Stove, ete At 11.30 o'clock a line of 50 new and second-band Carpets .
Refrigerators, and a general assortment of HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE. Also, will be sold on account for whom it may hereafter concern to pay freight and storage, two Lolling Chairs in rich crimson-figured satin. two Ottomans. four Carpets, all in excellent order. Also A Mason Hamlin Parlor Organ in order, one Chamber Set made by Geldowsky, cost $325 .
nearly new, one Antique Hall Clock. in order, to which we invite the attention of buyers. N. B. In appraisement and selling of Real Estate and Personal I'roperty in or out of the city .
At Private Sale at store a desirable lot of nice Household Goods in variety at prices much less than cost, sold by order of assignee. ts my26 By HOLBROOK FOX, Auctioneers, Ofice, 12 Post Office Square. Important Sale of Real Estate in South Braintree, On THURSDAY, June 1, at 3.30 o'clock p. on the premises, Being the estate of the late Apollos Randall, admirably situated on the corner of Hancock and Pearl streets, with a street frontage thereon of nearly 265 feet, comprising a large two and one-half story house of twenty rooms. with about oue-half acre of land .
close to railroad station, forming one of the most central and prominent corners in this flourishing town and peculiarly adapted for improvement as a hotel. Fifty trains daily stop at this important junction, and the attention of buyers is particularly called to this desirable property, both on account of its present and prospective 8300 to be paid at sale. Also, 2 Honse Lots, on Pearl Having a Frontage 62 1-2 Feet Each. For terms and particulars apply to the auctioneers. 4t my 27 By W .
H. MERRIAM Auctioneers and upraisers. No. 225 Tremont street. Mortgagee's Sale Entire, Furniture, Carpets, of Private Residence, No .
14 Floronce street. On MONDAY, May 29, at 10 o'clock A. At private residence, No. 14 Florence street. the entire contents of the house .
from cellar to attic, including substantially made and elegant black walnut chamber sets. painted sets, bureaus. commodes. tables, chairs. 1 elegant parlor cabinet bed.parlor suit .
and rocking chairs. marble top tat les.hair And excelsior mattresses, feather beds and bedding, brussels, tapestry and wool carpets on 16 rooms, alt the stair and halt carpets, hat tree. extension dining table and dining chairs. 2 wardrobes, refrigerator. 7 stoves, all the crockery and glass ware, bousekeeping goods, etc .
By order of J. T. MCGREGOR, Mort- gagee. dsu3t my 27 Auction Sale of Estate Nos. 71 and 73 Munroe Street, near Walnut Avenue and Fountnin Square .
On MONDAY. May 29. at 4 o'clock P.M. The estate, well covered with fruit trees. consists of house of 16 rooms, stable and 31.559 square feet land .
The property to be sold in four lots. Sale to commence with house, stable and about 10,000 square feet land. The two lots of land on the street have a frontage of 40 and 82 feet, and contain about 5300 and 10.000 feet respectively. irregular lot in the rear of 6427 feet. This estate situated near the proposed new avenue to the West Roxbury lark makes the same very desirable; 8200 required on each lot at sale .
dSu4t my 26 FURNITURE, Etc. IS IMPORTA AND SHOULD be carefully invest gated. Wholesale prices Do- where. A chance that cannot occur again to buv furniture. On or about June we shall locate our entire business at our Pine st .
store. and, to save expense of moving our immense stock, shall sell the entire line of first-class goods at 727 and 729 Washington st. store without any regard to tormer prices. This is no humbug. The store 15 to let, and the goods must be turned into cash .
Fitty-doliar black walnut chamber sets for 839, 860 sets for 845.875 sets for 868. 890 sets for 868: $40 parlor suits. our own make and warranted. 850 sets for $39. 860 sets for $47 .
875 sets for 862. 8100 sets for 882,8200 sets for gilo; 812 hair mattresses. 88.25: 82 spring beds. tapestry carpets. 88 ice chests .
85; 817 ranges. 812.50, and 875.000 worth of reliable furniture at prices that can never be quoted again. Valuable lease of four years for sale. An early call will secure a bargain. F .
D. Osgood Furniture Co. 7:7 and 729 Washington also at 886 and 888 Washington cor. of Pine. C .
E. OSGOOD. Manager. dSutf apl1 NOR -Carpets and part of the furniture of a genteel residence in one of the most desirable localities in Boston; house full of good boarders: lease has nearly three years to run; an excellent chance for those wishing to give first-class table board. For further particulars address A .
Globe office. tf ap26 CLONE BUY they fail to of examine furniture our will large make stock a mis- and prices. We make our own goods and have an immense stock. Easy terms. GERRISH O'BRIEN, 175 Blackstone cor .
Haymarket Bostou. tf ap19 MONEY TO LOAN AND WANTED. MONEY household furniture, pianos, watches, silverware, carriages, horses. machinery, savings bank books, real estate, at lowest rates and in sums to suit: goods can remain with owner. and business private; money always ready .
E. BROWNING, 265 Washington st. mh16 $175.350 TO sums of LOAN $100 on to real 850.000; estate, bring in papers. Apply at 40 Water street, room 16. ALBERT GATES .
JR. my 25 PROPOSALS. PROPOSALS FOR COAL. MASSACHUSETTS STATE PRISON. WARDEN'S OFFICE .
CONCORD. May 1882. Proposals will be received at this office until MONDAY, the 5th day of June next, at noon. for supplying the prison with 2500 tons. tore or less .
of best Lehigh or Lackawanna Broken Coal. 2240 pounds to the ton. delivered into the yard of the prison when required. Proposals to be sealed, marked "Proposals for Coal," and directed to DAVID EARLE. my25 27 29 31 jel Warden .
STEAMERS. CUNARD STEAMSHIP LIMITED. COMPANY STEAMSHIPS SAILING BOSTON TO LIVERPOOL, Calling at Queenstown, Cork Steerage Passage at Low Harbor Kates May 27 June 3 10 CEPHALONIA. June June 17 24 July 1 SAMARIA July 8 MARATHON. Passengers embark July at 15 Cunard CEPHALONIA .
Sat, East May 31 NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL June 7 modation. Drafts on Great according and to Cabin passage, 880 and 8100, Company's oftice. 99 State DU Boston. Ireland tuy 1 ti P. H .
VERNET, ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIPS ALLAN LINE Sailing Shortest from Ocean Quebec Every Voyage Saturday Only for Five Lite from Land bay Q1 Extra ERNSTOWN services and from LONDONDERRY GAL direct for the convenience to to 870 whom and kind treatment is made para 980. Intermediate, $10. a Specialty. Pates. J .
J. SHANAHAN 7 Broads LEVE ALDEN, Gen'l Pass, dSutf Boston, 15 State Street. U. and INMAN LINI S. Royal Mail Steamers to via Queenstown .
Largest and Liverpool urs afloat. Cabin and Steerage rate- as low fastest steams. by any first-class line. Drafts from as 21 ward. 3 old Apply -tate to 1 .
1. Roston. PALMER. House, Mass. J .
7 Broad or P. Donahoe, Boyiston st. dealt OLDEST OFFICE IN BOSTON. Headquarters for the Sale of Drafts land and Passage Tickets os to and from Ireland. chester People District .
living in South South End. Boston, West the End, Highlands. the city. victnity, will find my office or any lent. PATRICK DONAHUE, 21 very street .
Sudit Boyle TOR Fares. NOVA Fare to Halifax. NOTIA. New second Route. Che Windsor .
$6.50: Kentville. 86: 97: Diguy class. 053 and 8 85. A. -teamers and leave THURSDAYS Poster's wharf P .
MONDAIS Annapolis. with at 4 for Digby Office, 22 Central wharf. trains to Halifax and Yarmout MWSit mb20 CENAFRA National GUION, lines. to INMAN. and from all ALLAY of Europe: drafts, lowest rates .
Apply at the 7 est Broad established office SHANAHAN formerly Lawrence Eyes st. J. J. Tu ThStf Drafts on Ireland, England, Seotland the Continent, 825 ONLY or for from steerage Great passage Britain tickets and by Ireland steam MAGEE, 2 Chatham row, next 136 State st. Boston 125 pool .
LINE Passage tickets from Lives Queen town. Belfast, Dublin ani Londonderry. $25. WARREN 00. Agents .
Post Office Boston. 1 fut ESTINE will East Boston at 9 TO LIVERT PAL A. Wednesda Mar 31. Steprage passage WARREN Agents. 18 P .
O. square. 5t RAILROADS. Boston. Montreal and the THE OLD RELIABLE Central Vermont Route, The Shortest and Quickest .
No change of cars between Bostmat Montreal. Ouly one change to Turnt Detrolt and Chicago. Speed. comfort and safer, it sure and close connections. Puliman cars on day asi night trains .
Trains equipped with MILLER PLATFORM AND WESTING HOUSE AIR- BRAKE First-class dining-rooms at all desirable points ample time given for refreshinents. Trains leave Boston via Lowell at 8.30 A. and? P. M. Via Fitchburg .
8 A. M. and 6 P.M. Tickets, Pullman car seats and berths to be bat Central Vermont Railroad Office, 260 Washington W. Boston .
F. J. W. HOBART. Gen' Sup .
SMITH, General Passenger Agent. St. Albans, October 4. 1880 dSutf myll HOTELS. Rockland Cafe, NANTASKET BEACH, Will Open for the Season May 30 .
RUSSELL STURGIS, Managers. dSu5t HOTEL BOWDOIN, Corner of Cambridge and Bowdoin Sta P. W. HASELTINE SON, Proprietors. my10 ROCKLAND HOUSE .
Having assumed control of this favorite summer resort. we are prepared to register guests for the season, at our business office, Room 1 Rialto Bull ing. 119 Devonshire street. Boston. RUSSELL STURGIS .
my14 Sudtf Also of Hotel Nantasket, MARSHALL 40 HOUSE 50 $1.50 No. to 10 2 per Marshal to J. WADSWORTH. myl: MEDICAL. MRS .
DR. CLARK BICKFORD MALDEN, MASS Office Hours, from 9 A. W. to 4 P.M Saturdays excepted. Examinations on each the week, and freem Wednesdays .
Patients visited at their homes what requested. MOCIPAC Will cure Rheumatism, Neuni; gin. Joints all for us of Late Sprains, Weak and Inflated and ness. Colic, Ague in the Face. Pleurisy, in the Back or Kianey: Setatica, Sharp Darting Paius .
Sore Earache, Throst, Toothache, larged Headaches, Chilblains, For Diphtherta it is unequalled. sold by by all GEORGE Druggists. C. GOODWIN and WEEKS supplied POTTER, Boston, swi m1 HEALTH IS WEALTH! Dr. E .
C. WESTS NERVE AND BRAIN TREATMENT: a specitic for Hysteria. Dizziness, Court sions. Nervous Headache, Mental Depression. Loss dE Meinorv .
Spermatorrhu Impotency, Involuntary Emissions, Old Age. indulgence, caused which leads over tion. self abuse. or Me cases. misery .
Each decay box and death. contains one one month's treatment. will cure recent One dollar a box. or six boxes for five dollars: mail prepaid on receipt of price. order received by We, guarantee NE boxes to cure any case With each 1 us for six boxes, accompanied five dollars will send the money purchaser written guarantee to effects turn the if the treatment cure .
Guarantees issued by SMITH, DOOLITTLES agents SMITH, for N. and E. 26 Orders Tremont by mail receive pomp Boston, attention. STuTh7t STARTLING LOST MANHOOD RESTORED. ture victim Decay, of Nervous youthful Debility, Lost Manhood, eta imprudence causing Prep having covered a tried simple in vain self cure, every which known he will remedy, FREA bas to his address J .
I. BREVES 43 dratham N. Ye STuThwyly oil Is a SCROFULA, certain TENORS SYPHILIS BRIGHT'S DISEASE, and SYPHILIS all BLOOD guaranteed PoIsON. in either Send for pamphlet state in Istage. closing stamp, and' disease .
Eastern Room 21, Bor Agency, Be vere 8 8 to PURIFY No too. medicine Office genuine blown is hours. them and labels bearing bottles iny own Trade- Mark. with name DR. JOHN TRIPP .
SaMWStf THE GOOD few SAMARITAN of THIS kidneys REMEDY bladder, will gonorrhea gleet, in ing, burning, female mucous weakness, than and discharges, recent, and sediment and badly treated druggist doesn't all diseases have it, send urinary DE. organs. PERRY. If Washington street, and he will send It to you. Wholesale C .
38 Hanover street. will DR. GASTINEL'S 3 FRENCH days; chronic diseases eure in recent end in 2 weeks: is discharges warranted ani liney price 81 per bottle. For sale by SMI. chronic DOOLITTLES SMITH .
24 and 26 Tremout Boston. Monte Deacon A. met P. tires to call on WANT Agent for Bates terrible disease cured. Boston: he will tell Catarrh you and how that internal trouble is Good for JOSEPH L .
BATES Tuy23 .
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https://issuu.com/i-75newspapergroup/docs/pdc_02042013
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02/04/13
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2013-02-04T00:00:00+00:00
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Piqua grad identified in fatal fire
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Issuu
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https://issuu.com/i-75newspapergroup/docs/pdc_02042013
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Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/biographical/index.html
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Hudson's Bay Company Archives
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Hudson’s Bay Company Archives - Biographical Sheets
Search for employee biographical sheets for individuals who worked for Hudsons Bay Company and/or the North West Company. Please note that these information sheets have not been created for all former employees.
Biographical sheets provide a good starting point for research but are not a comprehensive source of information on an individual; there may be other related records in the HBCA holdings. The information included in the biographical sheets has been derived from HBCA records and other sources; however, verification of facts against the original or microfilmed records is advisable.
Employee biographical sheets are organized alphabetically by surname. Spellings of names may vary.
Please note that the dates attached to each individual refer their birth (b.), death (d.), approximate dates (ca.) and/or the period during which the person was active in the HBC (fl.). For a more detailed explanation of the biographical information sheets, please see The Biographical Sheet Revealed (PDF).
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http://ngb.chebucto.org/Newspaper-Obits/twil-sun-1894-jul-aug.shtml
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Twillingate Sun 1894
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Welcome to Newfoundland's Grand Banks Genealogy site. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history.
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Politics False Statements. Some of the Tories who lately returned from St. John's have falsely reported that Sir William WHITEWAY has gone to England and that he was summoned there by the Imperial authorities. It is scarcely necessary for us to say that such a statement is a gross and deliberate falsehood, as any one of common sense must know. Sir William WHITEWAY, or any other Premier, is in no respect amenable to the Imperial government for his political actions in this colony. The people are the only real tribunal that he need fear, and when an opportunity offers, there is no question but they will endorse his policy more so than ever in the past, and return his party to power with sweeping majorities. It is true that the Courts of our land may decide against him, but it is even possible for prejudice to permeate the highest earthly tribunals in existence, and more eminent interpreters of law than those who administer law and justice in our land may take an entirely different view of the statute under which these election cases have been tried, and just as correctly, come to the conclusion that the decisions given have been wrong, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the election, and the custom that has prevailed regarding the expenditure of public monies for more than fifty years. But as we have said, the report of the People's Leader being summoned to England is a pure fabrication of the Tories. It is by falsehood and deception that they have hedged into power, and they are going to try to hold on by the same unmanly and unprincipled course of action, but they are not likely to succeed as the electorate of the colony are not going to be imposed on the this unpatriotic manner. A Noble-Hearted Priest By advices from Coachman's Cove, as well as from information furnished by the shipwrecked people themselves, we are placed in possession of pretty well all the details regarding the loss of the ill-fated schooner "Rose", while on her way to Labrador. Most of those details have already appeared in these columns; but there is one circumstance connected with the unfortunate affair which deserves special mention. We refer to the self-sacrificing conduct of the noble-hearted Roman Catholic priest of Coachman's Cove - the Rev. Father SHEAN. As soon as the survivors reached port and he became acquainted with the disaster, the Reverend gentleman hastened to their relief. He found them in the deepest distress, and some of them with no covering beyond their scanty night-clothes. His big generous heart was touched and the tears ran down his cheeks at the sight of so much human suffering. But he did not stop here: with a bag across his shoulders he proceeded from house to house, among his hospitable people, getting a coat here, a dress there, and some other article somewhere else, until the bag was filled, when he returned to the sufferers, placed the contents at their disposal and continued his labor of love, not resting till all that could possibly be done for them was accomplished. In this pre-eminently selfish age, such actions as these shine across the pathway of life like bright rays of sunlight after a dark and stormy night. We are proud to find among the outlying settlements of the colony, men of Father SHEAN's goodness of soul; and we may be sure that our pride is not lessened anything by the fact that he is a native Newfoundlander - a Newfoundlander "to the manor born". - Evening Telegram, July 3. Caplin There has been an abundance of caplin in some of the coves this week and many barrels have been taken for manure. Shipping News The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, comes North this trip. She did not leave St. John's until Thursday evening, and may be looked for here some time this evening. Her trip extends as far as Griquet this time. The next trip of the Northern coastal steamer will extend as far as Red Bay, Labrador to connect with the mail steamer "Windsor Lake", which was to have left St. John's on the 2nd inst. For the coast, going as far as Hopedale and Fanny's Harbor the first trip. (The "Grand Lake" left Seldom-Come-By, 10.30 this morning and will be expected here about five or six o'clock this evening.) The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for St. John's on Thursday morning with a cargo or seal oil for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The "Terra Nova" arrived from St. John's Thursday afternoon. Late local papers were received by her, extracts from which will be found in other columns. The "Mary Parker," Capt. CARTER, belonging to E. DUDER, left for St. John's last Saturday evening with a cargo of oil and returned on Thursday, bringing a load of merchandise. She made the round trip in five days. Codfish Codfish have been exceedingly scarce around our shores the past week, and scarcely anything at all has been done. The prospect has not been worse for many years. Diphtheria Diphtheria has been prevalent at Leading Tickles for some time past, and Dr. SCOTT has been visiting that locality to give medical treatment to the afflicted ones. Mr. James NOSEWORTHY at Thimble Tickles (a place near by) we are sorry so say, lost five children from this disease. New S.A. Yacht A new yacht built at Robert's Arm the past winter by Mr. Francis WARR for the Salvation Army, arrived here from that place last Saturday evening. This little craft is called the "Salvationist." She is a handsome model, sloop rigged, about thirty tons, and is intended for evangelistic work on the Labrador for which she appears to be admirably adapted. This, no doubt, is a step in the right direction on the part of the Salvation Army. Exploration Party TABOR and LLOYD Exploring Party. The TABOR and LLOYD exploration party sailed for Labrador in the s.s. "Swallow" this morning. They go as far as Nain on the Labrador coast. The members of the party are; TABOR and LLOYD leaders; MURPHY, manager of the drills; REGADD, seaman; WHELAN, pilot; and RENDELL, chief engineer. The party were photographed in a group. There was a general hand-shaking. good byes and good luck to you. - Daily News, June 30. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered. July 2 - "My Lady", LARSON, Cadiz, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K....ES, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K.....ES, St. John's, ballast - Captain; July 5 - "Western Lass," BARTLETT, Harbor Grace, ballast - Captain. Birth On the 27th ult., the wife of Mr. Archibald BARRETT, a son. Married At St. John's on the 27th ult., by the Rev. Dr. HARVEY, William H. THOMPSON, Esq., of Harbor Grace, to Clara Maria SCOTT, eldest daughter of Robert SCOTT, Esq., of Fogo. Died At Thimble Tickle, Leading Tickles, of diphtheria, the following children of James NOSEWORTHY: On June 7, Albert, aged 1 years; June 11, Charlotte, aged 3 years; June 17, James, aged 9 years; June 20th, Elijah, aged 12 years; June 24th, Henry, aged 7 years. Died At St. John's on the 26th ult., Jessie [looks like RHYMA ] Holmes, beloved wife of Ernest G. MARTIN. Little Bay Closed (Part 1) "Mining Operations Suspended at Little Bay." "Need for Public Works." It is with much regret that we learn of the closing down of Little Bay mine. The vigorous operations that have been carried on there have given remunerative employment to hundreds of our people, and the suspension of work will be a severe loss, not alone to the place, but to the district and the country in general. It is over a year since operations were considerably curtailed, and it was hoped all along that a fresh impetus would again be given to the mining industry there, but we are sorry to find that such hopes have been blighted, as instructions were received to the effect that operations are to be entirely suspended for the present. A considerable quantity of ore has been taken out the past winter and spring, and it cannot be altogether owing to the scarcity of copper ore that such an action has been taken on the part of the owners, as we learn, of late the mine is looking better than for some time past. Little Bay Closed (Part 2) But as it is quite deep, and other expensive machinery would be required shortly for raising the ore to the surface, the low price of copper just now may not warrant the proprietors in making the large additional expenditure necessary for carrying on operations, and this may be one of the chief reasons why they have ceased. But it is hoped that it is not for very long. At any rate it is a sad blow for Little Bay as there are many families there who were solely depending on the employment which the working of this mine gave, and now that this forum is closed, they know not where to look for support. Seeing that so many of our people have thus been unexpectedly thrown out of work, it is only right and proper that the Government (of which Mr. GOODRIDGE is now Premier and has the power), should come to their assistance in this emergency, and we trust that no time will be lost in dealing with this important matter. There is that road from Hall's Bay to Exploits, to connect with the railway, which was started last year by the WHITEWAY government, and on which a large number of men could be employed. Little Bay Closed (Part 3) This will be found to be a most valuable road, notwithstanding what has been said to the contrary by opponents of the WHITEWAY party. It was used last winter as the mail route for that part of the district, and the short time that the mails were received from St. John's alone, shows its value. The money for such work is already provided, as there is upwards of forty thousand dollars of the amount raised by the WHITEWAY government still unexpended, and if the GOODRIDGE party include such expenditures on public works as bribery under the Election Act, they need not be afraid that such a mean, cowardly and unmanly advantage will be taken of them by the Whitewayites, in thus providing our Little Bay people, or others, with labor on this road, out of the balance remaining over for railway connecting roads. Therefore we trust that prompt action will be taken on their behalf. Death "Death of Mr. R.G. STORY." The sad intelligence was received here on Saturday last of the death of the Rev. G.P. STORY, ex-president of the Methodist Conference. He had been residing at Whitbourne the past year and was in tolerably good health until a little over a month since, when he was taken very ill, and was removed to St. John's about a fortnight before his death. Mr. STORY was a Guardian and Chaplain of the Methodist Home before the buildings were destroyed by fire in 1892, and was re-appointed to that position by the Conference which closed at St. John's last week. Last year, the honor was conferred upon him of being elected as President of the Conference, and worthily filled that important office. In his demise, the Methodist Church has lost a true and valiant worker and one that is likely to be greatly missed in the execution of plans for the furtherance of the various agencies in connection with the Methodist denomination in this colony. Though he may be personally unknown to many of our readers in these parts, we dare say his name is familiar to hundreds, particularly to the Methodist people, as he was editor of the Methodist Monthly Greeting, which finds its way into many of their homes. We tender our sympathy to the sorrowing wife and family in their bereavement. Escapade "Yesterday's Escapade at SHEA's". There was an amusing escapade on SHEA's wharf yesterday. Messrs. MARSHALL & RODGERS, who have refused payment of duty on goods under the present Tory regime, concluded yesterday to get up a few cases of stock, very much called for by customers. To avoid Tory red-tapeism, they paid duty on those distinct cases, and procured a permit. Mr. RODGERS proceeded to SHEA's wharf with a carman and had those cases put on the car, and, before he had time to take the permit from his pocket, tidewaiters, who had 'till then been in other parts, came hastily along and began throwing off the load without any painstaking or questions. Meanwhile, Mr. SHEA came down and spoke in vehement terms of pains and penalties. Mr. RODGERS gave a happy side smile at the fili-busters; then added: "Look here, George, you have notified us to take away our goods. Now I have come down with a car and you cry out against it. See here, I want to know what time will suit you for me to come down with a few dozen cars, and take the lot away. Will half-past two do?" "Oh! It is no use in your coming down like that," replied Mr. SHEA, "I will have the doors closed." and away he skipped. Then the permit was produced, accompanied with the imperative order: "Load up that car again," and the tide-waiters had to do so. Meanwhile, some Customs officials ran to the Colonial Building to report a riot on for 2.30; while Mr. SHEA rang up the telephone and related to Fort Townsend and other places, particulars of the scenes that were to be. Policemen were marched down, and other necessary precautions against "another riot" were taken. The poor Tories were on a string, and suffered enough mental worry to cause serious prostration, while Mr. RODGERS, like a good citizen, went his way laughing - Telegram, July 4. Draft of Stations (Part 1) "Methodist Conference". Final Draft of Stations. George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., President. A.D. MORTON, M.A., Secretary. I - St. John's District 1. St. John's (Gower Street) A.D. MORTON, M.A. 2. St. John's West, H.P. COWPERTHWAITE, M.A.; J.J. BLYTHE, James DOVE, Supernumary; George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., Superintendant of Education by permission of Conference. 3. St. John's East, John PRATT, Geo. P. STORY, Governor and Chaplin of Home. 4. Pouch Cove, H.C. HATCHER, B.D. 5. Topsail, A. HILL. 6. Brigus, W.T.D. DUNN. 7. Cupids, S. MATTHEWS, C.W. FOLLETT. 8. Bay Roberts, etc., F.G. WILLEY. 9. Whitbourne and Railway Mission, John REAY. 10. Flower's Cove, Supply. 11. St. Anthony, Charles SQUIRES. 12. Red Bay, Akyroyd STONEY. 13. Hamilton Inlet. Supply. 14. Chapel Arm, under superindendance of J. REAY. 15. Sound Island, T.E. ROBERTS. 16. Labrador, summer months, C.W. FOLLETT, J.J. DURRANT, left without appointment at his own request. Students attending Sackville University: J.E. PETERS, C. FLEMINGTON, W. PATTERSON, W.B. AMBROSE, A.N. ANTLE, Herbert CLEGG, George STONEY. Wm. SEALEY attending Victoria University by permission of Conference. A.C. SKINNER attending Boston University by permission of Conference. Draft of Stations (Part 2) II - Carbonear District: 17. Carbonear, James NURSE, G.E. HEAL. 18. Harbor Grace, William SWANN. 19. Freshwater, Jesse HAYFIELD. 20. Blackhead, Samuel SNOWDEN. 21. Western Bay, William KENDALL. 22. Lower Island Cove, Wm. R. TRATT. 23. Old Perlican, R. FREEMAN. 24. Hant's Harbor, James WILSON. 25. Heart's Content, J. PINCOCK. 26. Green's Harbor, W.J. BARTLETT. 27. Shoal Harbor, John PYE. 28. Northern Bight, Jas. SMITH, B.A. 29. Britannia Cove, F.G. DRAKE. W.SWANN, Chairman; W.KENDALL, Fin. Secy. III - Bonavista District: 30. Bonavista, T.W. ATKINSON. 31. Bird Island Cove, A.A. HOLMES. 32. Catalina, Mark FENWICK. 33. Trinity, Edgar TAYLOR. 34. Musgrave Town, W.H. DATCHON. 35. Glover Town, Wm. J. LUSCOMBE. 36. Greenspond, Charles LEACH. 37. Wesleyville, Jabez HILL. 38. Musgrave Harbor, T.B. DARBY, B.A. 39. Indian Islands, etc., H.J. INDOE, B.A. 40. Fogo, J.J. WHEATLEY. 41. Herring Neck, William HARRIS. 42. Twillingate, .. Curtis, B.A.; W.W. EDMUNSON. 43. Morton's Harbor, S.J. RUSSELL. 44. Exploits, Henry SCOTT. 45. Laurence, etc., Selby JEFFERSON. 46. Little Bay Islands, etc., Wm. J. HUTCHESON; Edgar JONES. 47. Little Bay, Wm. H. BROWNING. 48. Nipper's Harbor, etc., J.C. SEDEY; Edwin MOORE. 49. White Bay, James OPIE. Wm. REX left without appointment at his own request. Jabez HILL, Chairman. Mark FENWICK, Fin. Secy. Draft of Stations (Part 3) IV - Burin District: 50. Burin, T.H. JAMES. 51. Spoon Cove, Charles HOWSE. 52. Flat Islands. A.E. ROWSON. 53. St. Pierre, One wanted. 54. Fortune, George PAINE. 55. Grand Bank, G.C. FRAZER. 56. Garnish, etc., R.K. PECK. 57. Burgeo, Supply. 58. Petites, Eugene FORSEY. 59. Channel, J.T. NEWMAN. 60. St. George's Bay, Jas. J. KELLY. 61. Bay of Islands, etc., R.M.B. 62. Bonne Bay, J.C.B. PECK. 63. French Shore, Supply. T.H. JAMES, Chairman; J.T. NEWMAN Fin. Secy. The following resolution was adopted: -- "That on behalf of the young men ordained on Monday night, July 2nd, the best thanks of the Conference be presented to the Rev. Dr. CARMAN, D.D. General Superintendent, for his very able, earnest and impressive charge delivered on that occasion, and that the same be published in the 'Greeting' ." Schooners Collide "A Collision". A schooner called the "Mary Jane", Archelaus TAYLOR, master, of Harbor Grace, while beating into St. Anthony Harbor one day last week, was run into by the schooner "Blanche", Thos. LANE, of Ragged Harbor, Trinity Bay, and in a few minutes the Mary Jane went to the bottom, the crew, seven in all, barely having time to jump on the other craft and get clear before going down. It was blowing a stiff breeze at the time and the Mary Jane had just tacked to clear a craft at anchor, and to avoid the land, and the Blanche, it is said, was going across the harbor, and might easily have avoided a collision. She struck about amidships, cutting the side in about twenty-two inches, and was immediately proceeding on her way, without stopping to see what damage had been done, or whether the craft would "sink or swim". The Mary Jane was going to the Labrador fishing and the loss is a severe one to all concerned. Shipping News The "Terra Nova" touched here yesterday from Indian Arm with a cargo of lumber for St. John's. The schooner "A.G. Heisler," Capt. McKINNON, arrived from Sydney this morning with a cargo of coal for Harvey & Co. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", arrived here Thursday morning going South. She reports a little being done with the fish about St. Anthony and other places along the coast. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, returned from St. John's last evening, bringing back a cargo of provisions, &c., for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. She left there eight o'clock the previous morning and had a nice run home. The "Victoria", James NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay Thursday night, having gone there some time ago on a trading trip for Mr. WATERMAN. She brought back about 400 seals in casks and a quantity of seal skins. The fishery prospects in some parts of White Bay are very fair. The "Ocean Traveller" and "Notre Dame", belonging to Mr. R. QUIRK Fortune Harbor, left here for Labrador this week, one on Wednesday and the other on Thursday. The "Star of the Sea," Maurice CARROL, master, of same place, also sailed on Thursday for Labrador. The steam launch "Lance," belonging to Messrs. Job Brothers, St. John's, employed this year on the Bay to connect with the train at Norris' Arm, made her first visit here on Saturday evening last. Mr. John DALTON is in charge, who no doubt is well acquainted with the route the little steamer has to take. The Lance is much the same size as the "Matilda," but for political reasons the GOODRIDGE party preferred going to St. John's for a steamer to perform the bay service this season. The route is different from last year, but whether it will prove as satisfactory to the general public remains to be seen. Weather It has been splendid growing weather of late and crops are looking well. Labrador Fleet All the Labrador fleet have taken their departure. We trust that favorable winds and weather will accompany them and that success will attend their efforts. The Fishery There is little or no improvement in the fishery around here the past week. A few boats got as much as a quintal one or two days but on the whole it is very scarce. All around this part of the shore it is much the same. At North West Arm, Green Bay, the early part of the week some boats did very well, getting from two to three quintals per day. Death Mr. Thomas BUCKLEY, of St. John's, died very suddenly of heart disease at Comfort Cove on the 3rd inst. Dr. STAFFORD left here in the "Fleta" to attend him but before he reached the place, death had done its fatal work. His body was conveyed to St. John's per "Grand Lake". Death We are sorry to learn of the death of J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector of Little Bay, which took place on the 6th inst. He was in his 78th year, and although attaining this ripe age, he appeared to be quite smart and active until within a few months of his death. For nearly twenty years he has filled the office of Sub-Collector, first at Bett's Cove and then at Little Bay and was a most efficient officer. He bore his illness patiently and entered calmly into rest at an advanced age. To his sorrowing wife and family we tender our sympathy - under the trying ordeal through which they have thus been called to pass. Death We learn that Mr. John FRAMPTON, of Exploits, passed peacefully away on the 7th inst., at the advanced age of 70 years. He was one of the old standards, and for some years held the post of ferryman, and sexton in the Methodist church, which positions he filled satisfactorily. His funeral took place on Sunday last and was largely attended by relatives and friends, the ceremony being performed by the Lay Reader, Mr. Simon MANUEL, in the absence of Rev. Wm. SCOTT, who was attending Conference. For many years, Mr. FRAMPTON was a member of the Methodist Society, and was a well meaning man and consistent Christian. His end was peace. We sympathise with the bereaved family in their bereavement. Birth On the 9th inst., the wife of Mr. Charles BISHOP, of a son. Died At Little Bay on the 6th inst., J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector, in his 78th year. Died At Exploits on the 7th inst., Mr. John FRAMPTON, aged 70 years. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 9 - "Emulator:, KENDERICK, Turk's Island, 254 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared: July 11 - "Galatea," CROSS, St. John's, oil and skins - E. DUDER. July 12 - "Pe..y", Huxâ¦, Sydney, ballast, Captain. Absence of Dean "A Well Merited Rest". The rural Dean for Notre Dame Bay, Rev. R. TEMPLE, left here by the little steamer "Lance" on Monday last for Tilt Cove to take passage by the steamer "Austerlitz" for England, which was to sail for there on Thursday. Mr. TEMPLE left somewhat unexpectedly. He has a sister in a low state of health suffering from the insidious disease, consumption, and after a twenty years' absence, he felt that he would like to see her once more in the flesh, and as this favorable opportunity offered of getting to the Mother Country so quickly, by this copper steamer going direct, he decided to go by her. The Rev. gentleman is a most indefatigable worker, and for upwards off seventeen years he has labored incessantly for the spiritual good of the Church people here, as well as for the social and moral welfare of the community generally, and after so many years of constant toil, he is certainly entitled to a few week's rest, such as will be afforded by the trip on which he has just started. It will doubtless invigorate and better fit him on his return to re-enter upon the arduous duties devolving upon him in this parish. He expects to be absent about six weeks. We wish him a pleasant voyage across the Atlantic and a safe return to his family and Church flock, when the time comes for his journey homeward. New Church "Laying Corner Stone Gower Street Church." The corner stone of the new Gower St. Methodist Church, St. John's was laid on the 5th inst., in the presence of a large concourse of people. The ceremony was a very imposing one. A platform was erected for the occasion on which, our contemporary, the Royal Gazette tells us, "were representatives from the city choirs and several prominent ladies and gentlemen, as well as the members of the Quarterly Board, and Board of Trustees, and the ministers then attending Conference. Appropriate hymns were sung, and the Scripture read, and excellent addresses were delivered by Drs. CARMAN, WITHROW, MILLIGAN and DOVE, and also by the Hon, J.J. ROGERSON. J.E. PETERS, Esq., read the parchment and list of papers, coins, etc., which were placed under the stone, and R.K. BISHOP, Esq., presented the trowel to the General Suberindendent, Dr. CARMAN, who, before the vast assemblage, solemnly declared the stone to be well and truly laid in the name of the father, Son and Holy Ghost." Visiting Bishop "Bishop BRENNAN's Visit North". His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN was a passenger North on the "Grand Lake" last time, making the round trip, the steamer going as far as Griquet. He landed at nearly all the ports of call and was much pleased with the receptions received. When the steamer was here, both going to and returning from the North, his Lordship was the guest of Mrs. TOBIN. A Little Bay telegraphic correspondent to the Evening Herald of the 9th inst., referring to His Lordship's visit says:- "The Grand Lake, having on board His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, arrived at 2 p.m. yesterday. His Lordships visit being unexpected, was an agreeable surprise to his co-religionists on this Northern part of the island. Great was their regret that they had not been apprised of his coming, so that they might have prepared for him a right regal reception,. However, their welcome was none the less warm. At Pilley's Island the Bishop offered the holy sacrifice of the Mass, and preached a magnificent and most instructive sermon from the gospel of the day, taking as his text, "Thou render an account of thy stewardship." The little school chapel was packed with hardy miners and their families, and the crew and some passengers of the Grand Lake. Bishop BRENNAN continued his pleasure trip North, and thus far is very highly pleased with the scenery, etc., on this side of our island home." Bishop BRENNAN seemed to be greatly delighted with his tour North as we gather from the Evening Telegram of Monday last:-- "His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, who has just returned from his round trip North on the Grand Lake, expresses himself well pleased with it. The scenery was most picturesque to the eye, while there was magnificent grandeur even in the towering barren rocks. He landed at all ports of call, and has warm expressions regarding the whole-souled, kindly disposition of the people." Death "Death of Promising Young Man at Herring Neck." Dear Mr. Editor, I shall be much obliged if you will insert the following words in your valuable paper. Philip Bennet BLANDFORD. On the 30th of June, P.B. BLANDFORD passed from Herring Neck to be "forever with the Lord". The call to leave the earthly tabernacle was not unexpected by him, neither did it find him unready. All the time he was wanting to enjoy more of the blessing of the Lord that maketh rich, and addeth no sorrow with it. His testimony was "I am going home to die no more". The day before he died his sister asked him if he could not get to sleep. he said, "I shall soon be asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep". His death is keenly felt by his father and mother, who for may years have been partners in his joys and sorrows, and by the family. His end was peace. Yours sincerely, J.R. STONEY. Herring Neck, July 18th. Transatlantic Cable "Arrival of The Cable Ships". The cable ships, having on board the 1894 cable, arrived in Heart's Content - the "Scotia" on Friday, the "Britannia" on Monday. The coal tender, the "Loughrigg Holme," also arrived on Monday morning. The Scotia is commanded by Capt. W.R. CATO; is 2,931 tons register; 368 feet long; 47 feet beam, and draws aft 28 feet. Her passengers and crew are numbered 130. She was built in 1879 by Messrs. THOMPSON & Co., Sunderland, and was in Heart's Content before - in 1880. Early on Monday morning, when about 60 miles off, in a dense fog, this steamer struck an iceberg, receiving considerable damages to her bow. She was going about 3 miles per hour at the time and struck the berg on a slant. Had her speed been fast, the result would have been disastrous in the extreme. One of the crew, a man aged 36 years, died from the shock of the vessel striking. He had been ill before, and was weakened. The shock affected and stopped the action of the heart. The Britannia, Captain KENNEDY, is a smaller vessel - about 900 tons. The Loughrigg Hoome is a coal-tender, about 1100 tons. The vessels are owned by the Cable Maintenance & Construction Co., (Ltd.), London. The steamers were expected to leave Heart's Content to-day on their trip to lay down the 1700 miles of cable necessary to connect both sides of the Atlantic. - H.G. Standard, July 9. The Courts "Sir Terence on the Witness Stand". Governor O'BRIEN appeared in Court this forenoon, in obedience to a summons, and gave his evidence in re the Placentia case. He was examined by Mr. EMERSON, Q.C., who elicited from him some important information. In to-morrow's Telegram we shall have something to remark about Sir Terence's evidence. Suffice it to say, for the present, that His Excellency seemed irritable and inclined to show "a little temper" during the examination. - Telegram, July 13. Cow For Sale A good milch cow is offered for sale. Intending purchasers to apply at the South Side Parsonage, on or before Wednesday next. J. HILL. Farming Grass has grown very well this season and in one or two fields around here, mowing has commenced. The crop this year is likely to be large. Appointment Mr. Willis DUDER of Little Bay, has been appointed Sub-Collector for that port in place of his late father, whose death was announced in last week's Sun. Mining The smelting works at Tilt Cove are in full swing and are very successful under the new manager, and mining operations there are prosecuted most vigorously. Fisheries Salmon have not been plentiful around our shores this summer and those who usually fit out for this fishery have done poorly. Some of the lobster packers are doing well. The Fishery We learn that two or three fishing craft have returned to Change Islands from the Northward with good fares. A few Southern craft have been seen passing our harbor bound home, apparently well fished. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for White Bay yesterday morning on a trading venture for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Reports from some parts of that Bay say that pretty good fishing has been done, though in other places it has been very poor. The fishery around our shores has been as bad this week as it has been at all, and that is bad enough, as many fishermen could not get sufficient to eat some days. The outlook is gloomy in the extreme, but it is hoped an improvement will soon take place. One of Mr. OSMONDs fishing craft returned to Morton's Harbor from the French Shore the early part of the week with about one hundred and twenty quintals cod fish. We learn that another schooner belonging to Expolits came back having done fairly. These are the first arrivals of any account so far this season. The Fishery "Squids in Portugal Cove." Portugal Cove men were very fortunate this morning with squids. Boats with an average of two men each, jigged from a thousand to twelve hundred. Fish would not be caught by them, however. It is vexing to know that the ground is covered with fish but that they won't bite. Later on they may. - Telegram, July 16. Bay Steamer The Bay steamer "Lance" did not arrive here from Norris'' Arm, this week until early Sunday, the train not arriving there at the usual time, Saturday morning. She went as far as Fogo, which is her terminus on the Southern route, calling at Herring Neck and Change Islands, and returned here two o'clock Monday afternoon or her way around the bay. The Lance's route is changed, and instead of going direct to Shoe Cove from here, she goes inland and touches at the various ports of call, and coming as the Matilda did last season, which will be more accommodating to the public. Passengers The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, left St. John's on Tuesday morning and arrived here at 2 p.m. Thursday, visiting the usual intermediate ports of call. She had a good deal of freight and a large number of passengers. Several of the Ministers returning to their circuits were among the passengers including Rev. S. RUSSEL and wife for Morton's Harbor, Rev. C. WEED and wife, Rev. H. SCOTT and wife for Exploits, Rev. W. HUTCHINSON and wife for Little Bay Island, Rev. W. BROWNING and wife for Little Bay, Mrs. CORNER and child for Twillingate. The Grand Lake makes her first trip to Battle harbor to connect with the Labrador steamer and may not be expected back returning South before Wednesday or Thursday, next. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 14 - A.G. Heisler, McKINNON, Sydney, 166 tons coals - R.D. HODGE. Cleared: July 13 - My Lady, RIDER, Sydney, Ballast - J.W. OWEN. Birth On the 14th inst., at St. Mary's Parsonage, Herring Neck, the wife of the Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, S.P.G.M. & L.M.P., of a son. Married On the 15th inst., at St. Peter's Church, by the Rev. R. Temple, R.D., Mr, George ROBERTS, to Miss Eleanor PEYTON. For Sale At Jackson's Cove in the best part of the Harbor. A small piece of ground with water side, and a house partly finished. For further particulars apply to L. NEWHOOK, Jackson's Cove. Politics (Part 1) "Judgement in Trinity Case". We understand that the judgement in the Trinity case was given on Wednesday last, resulting in the unseating and disqualifying of Sir. W.V. WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND, and the unseating merely of Mr. WATSON. The charges preferred against all the members petitioned against were somewhat similar, and as the judgement in the previous cases were adverse to the WHITEWAY party, we did not expect anything different in the Trinity case, as it appeared to be a foregone conclusion on the part of the conspirators, that the leaders especially should be "killed out" politically, that is if the unprincipled Tory faction, (to which his Excellency the Governor seems to be pandering), can have their way. It is evident that they are succeeding in their malicious designs for the present, but it cannot continue may months. As soon as the people have an opportunity of doing so at the polls they will show the unscrupulous politicians, who have wrenched the government from the WHITEWAY party, in the most mean and cowardly manner that ever any body of men could get control of political power, that they, Politics (Part 2) (the free and independent electors of this colony), are not going to be treated in such a shameful way, as they have been by the Tory faction, who have deprived them of the representatives of their own choice, because they were instrumental in getting a few paltry dollars expended in some of the small localities, on roads or some other useful public work. The very thing they have charged the members of the WHITEWAY party with, the GOODRIDGE-MORINE government are now doing themselves, that of expending public monies without any Legislative authority, and his Excellency the Governor, sanctions such illegal acts, on the part of the acting Executive Government by which he is now surrounded. Truly, Newfoundlander's are a poor down-trodden people, and the serfs in Russia could not be treated much worse. But never mind, there is a day of reckoning coming, and, notwithstanding the villainous attempts from the highest officials in the land to some of the meanest of them, to crush Sir William WHITEWAY and his Party of Progress out of existence, the vast majority of the people are with him, and when an appeal is made to the country, the result of the polls will more than show that Sir William is the most popular political leader we have ever had, and one of whom the fishermen and working classes of the country may well feel proud. Personal (Part 1) "Anonymous Letters." It is greatly regretted that there should exist amongst us, persons evil-minded enough, to indulge in the writing of anonymous letters to private individuals, and by such a course, attack them as it were with a dagger in the dark, and thus attempt to secretly assail the private reputations of those, against whom they may happen to entertain personal spite or animosity. It is a course that is to be deprecated, and we can hardly think that any one, with a spark of honor or principle, would adopt such a plan to give vent to their spleen against the parties aimed at. It is mean and cowardly in the extreme, particularly when it touches the secrecy of the home, and attempts to destroy that harmony which a happy wedlock should ever create. If a person has anything to say to one with whom he or she may be at variance, why not face them in a straightforward and manly way, instead of sending anonymous letters? Personal (Part 2) It is the means too, almost invariably, of having the wrong persons suspected, and very often those who are entirely innocent are blamed, and we are sorry to have to publish a letter in today's Sun from Mrs. Andrew LINFIELD, positively denying the insinuations that have been currently reported, respecting the suspicion that has been put on her, of having written or sent letters recently received by Mrs. HILL. It is quite evident, however, that Mrs. L. had nothing to do with such a diabolical action, and for one to be accused falsely, is as bad as for the person who may be the recipient of such dastardly effusions. We are not aware that either Mr. or Mrs. HILL did anything while here, to merit such treatment from anyone, and we deeply deplore that spirit that has thus been manifested by the parties in the letters referred to, and while it may be enjoyed by them and be entirely confined to one or two individuals, we believe that the community as a whole, most strongly resents such a dastardly way of retaliating for a supposed wrong, or feeling of enmity that may be entertained for one another, because of any misunderstanding existing between them, and for the sake of the parties thus affected and the community at large, we are extremely sorry that such a mode of ventilating spleen should have been resorted to. Personal (Part 3) "Wrongly Suspected". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir: - Permit me through the columns of your valuable paper, to deny emphatically, and to clear myself of a very mean, low, and disreputable thing that I was suspected of doing a short time ago. It appears that the Rev. Mr. or Mrs. HILL, I don't know which of the two, received some anonymous letters whilst in Twillingate, and between them, they suspected me of writing them, for what cause he would not satisfy me, but I simply say here sir, that I firmly believe it was for no other purpose but to malign, and to destroy my reputation, as that gentleman says those letters were very debased, and not fit to read. I take it as a gross insult. I will tell him my time is more profitably occupied. My husband and family, and business are of more importance to me than the affairs of private individuals. Yours respectfully, E.P. LINFIELD. Twillingate, July 26th, 1894. Bay Steamers (Part 1) Bay Steamer "Lance". (To the Editor, Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- A word or two relating to the SS Lance, our Bay steamer. We were pleased to take a short trip by her a few days age, and the travelling public will agree with me in acknowledging the great convenience such a boat is, on such an important bay as ours. And we must thank the WHITEWAY Government for their kind consideration of our rights in this respect, for to them the credit is due. Some of our Tilt Cove friends gave the pioneer boat the name of baitskiff. To the owners of that boat belong the credit of supplying bait at a low figure and there was no extra charge if you needed bait four times a day instead of two. We notice under a change of government a clean sheet, and you learn as you enter the saloon, that for every mile you travel under sixty miles you are to pay 4cts. per mile, and 3cts. per mile for sixty or over. From Twillingate to North West Arm is about forty-eight miles and would cost $1.92. You can hardly do it without taking four meals, two dinners, a tea, and a breakfast, costing you $1.00 making the total cost $2.92. The "Virginia Lake" or "Grand Lake" with first class accommodation in every particular, will take you to Little Bay or Nipper's Harbor for $2.00. Bay Steamers (Part 2) By the latter, business men and well-to-do people generally travel. By the former the poor class. We look upon the charge for fare and passage to be far too high, and it meets with general dissatisfaction in this Bay. It is hoped a change in this particular can be made. It is a wonder the hero of the bait-skiff letter of Tilt Cove, who made himself so prominent last year, is not more interested in Bay steam this year. I dare say he thinks to himself, "I had just as well be quiet for no one will regard me now, for the one is a near picture of the other". We found Capt. DALTON very kind and obliging, and consider him fully fitted for the post committed to his trust, and we feel assured he will give general satisfaction. The chief engineer and steward are very accommodating, and they are men who will make many friends before this season ends. The steward is a professional man and sets his table to the very best advantage. We predict for him fair complexion, if he has to cook for an average of six passengers beside the crew. We take exception to the mail man, and consider it an insult to this district to place a witness against Messrs. WOODS and MOORES in that office. We say such men ought to be compensated from the private purses of the petitioners. Yours truly, Observer. Little Bay, July 24th. Steamer Problems "Letter from 'Voter', Pilley's Island". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- Will you please find space in the columns of the valued Sun for the following: Last Fall when Mr. GOODRIDGE was here, in a speech he made remarks to the effect that the steamer "Matilda" was a farce, and that it was one way in which the WHITEWAY Government was wasting the people's money, and we now find this year, not the Matilda of course, but a boat of much inferior accommodation. But she is all right, as she belongs to one of the Tory clique. How came it to be a waste of money last year if it is not so this year? Also, we find, this year, there are two men on the "Lance" doing the same work that young Mr. SCOTT did last year. We also find, sir, that this year the passage money is almost double as much as it was last year in the Matilda. In the Lance we find it is four cents per mile; twenty cents for breakfast, thirty cents for dinner, twenty for your tea. We will allow her 39 miles for a day's work, that will cost passengers $1.90 per day, which, I believe, Mr. Editor, will cost more than it will in the coastal steamer "Grand Lake." And what do you think, Mr. Editor, she intended doing at first all the summer? Why, going straight to Tilt Cove, not calling in any of the localities between Exploits and there until her return from the North; thus, we would judge from this, sir, that Tilt Cove was one of the Tories best markets. Does Mr. GOODRIDGE think the working men of Green Bay are so dull that they can't reason for themselves, but they are not to be fooled by lengthy speeches with nothing in them. Should he again try this district he will find men who can both reason and recollect. Yours truly, Voter. Pilley's Island, July 23rd. Jottings From Little Bay. The fishery, this side of the bay and around, remains unchanged. At Shoe Cove a little has been done, boats there averaging about ten qtls.; the best trap and seine together, 60 qtls. Round Harbor averaged three qtls per man, Burying Place about the same; Nipper's Harbor and other places around about one qtl. per man. Tilt Cove, that of late has been looking dull, is brightening up. The new process of smelting lately introduced is thus far very successful. New smelting works are in course of erection near the mine, and when completed it is calculated about 6000 ton or ore per month will be smelted. A large skiff belonging to Mr. James NORRIS, of Three Arms, while beating in Little Bay Bight yesterday, upset by a heavy squall of wind. There were two men and a boy in it at the time, but they all managed to get on the bottom of the skiff and remained there till rescued by Mr. FINLAY, and brought safely to shore. The names of the men were WEBBER and BOWERS, and the boy is a son of Mr. NORRIS. About sixteen men left here this morning to travel to the railway via Hall's Bay line, where they are to be engaged in work to which they are well used, namely, breaking rock. Jottings From Little Bay. They were glad to hear the good news of work. Mr. GOODRIDGE and several of his merchant friends were present at Norris' Arm on Saturday last. It appears the secret bribers have commenced to lay their plans for the bye-election. They went to the end of the line. We wonder if they intend to run a branch line to Hall's Bay the summer. Mr. KNIGHT used to, previous to last election, make his name as conspicuous as possible by having it stamped on the outside of every paper. Recently he prints his name on the end of the paper and decently folds up that end so that his name may be hidden. Is it himself he is ashamed of, or is it the paper to which his name is affixed, that rag the Daily News? A steamer is expected here in a day or two to load with copper ore. A few men are working preparing tracks for shipping. The once flourishing settlement of Little Bay has a black pall thrown over its activity and death will soon take place. Crops here are looking very good. Politics are quiet, but red hot heat can be attained at the shortest notice, for the fire is smouldering that must obliterate the Knight as well as some of two sided pages. July 24th, 1894. Fisheries Lobsters have been fairly plentiful around our shores this summer and packers are doing a pretty good business. Some shipments of dry fish have been made. The price opens at $3.40 (seventeen shillings) which is lower than that given, the past three or four years for Shore fish. Icebergs A large number of icebergs have been seen around our coast all this season. The early part of the week, upwards of one hundred and twenty were visible from Long Point Light House. Passengers The bay steamer "Lance" arrived here from Norris Arm early last Saturday evening. Mr. And Mrs. DUFF and child and Mr. T. HODGE were passengers having come through by train to Norris Arm. The following took passage here by the "Grand Lake": -- Mrs. HARRIS and two children for Herring Neck; Rev. J. HILL Mrs. HILL, four children and girl for Wesleyville, Mrs. P. SAMWAYS and Mrs. Wm. HARBIN for St. John's. Shipping News The "Mary Parker", Capt. CARTER, arrived from St. John's on Wednesday, having first called at Herring Neck to land part of her cargo. She made rather a longer trip than usual having been several days out from St. John's. The "Donny", Robert LINFIELD, master, returned from St. John's Thursday afternoon, and the "Maud," Samuel SHORT, master, arrived later, on her way to Little Bay Island. The Bonny's cargo was principally provisions and merchandise for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Farewell Ladies of the Dorcas Society gave a farewell sociable on Thursday evening at the residence of Mrs. BAIRD, in honor of Mrs. HILL on the eve of her departure from this community. Mrs. HILL was president of the Society for over two years, and this mark of esteem was given as an appreciation by the members for the valuable services rendered during her connection therewith. The Fishery The fishing schooner "William Paterson", Archibald BLANDFORD master, arrived at Herring Neck from the Straits of Belle Isle on Thursday night last, with about four hundred barrels of fish, which was of a very good quality. The fishery has been very poor indeed and the majority of craft in quest of fish, did not get near half a catch. Many secured very little, and seeing the prospect was so poor, they proceeded to the Northern part of the Labrador, where we trust they will be more successful. The William Patterson sailed from St. John's. She landed her fish at Herring Neck to be cured and has left again for Labrador. The Fishery The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, called here going South on Wednesday last, having made her first trip to Battle Harbor to connect with the Labrador mail steamer. The fishery reports are of a very meagre character, as little or nothing had been done owing to the great jam of ice upon the coast, the more Northern part particularly. In consequence of this, the Windsor Lake could not get North of Cape Harrigan. In some parts of the Straits, the fishery prospects are reported to be good, but generally speaking, the outlook is not the brightest. But there is very little dependence to be placed in reports of the first or second trips, and it is hoped that later on there will be a decided improvement. Rev. J. HILL "Departure of Rev. J. HILL." The three year term of the Rev. J. HILL, (Chairman of the Bonavista District) having expired in accordance with the itinerant wheels of Methodism, he took passage by the "Grand Lake" on Wednesday last, accompanied by his wife and children, for Wesleyville. During his term on this circuit, the debt on the Church property, amounting to something like one thousand dollars, has been entirely wiped out, and at present the churches on each side of the harbor are free from debt, while both have been renovated and newly painted inside and out in the meantime. The debt on the Church at Little Harbor has also been greatly reduced, in addition to what has also been done towards its completion inside, which shows that the affairs of the church have been well looked after during his three years of ministry on this circuit. Educational matters have also been carefully watched, and at the last meeting of the School Board, a vote of thanks was tendered him, for the efficient services bestowed and the interest taken, in the extension of educational facilities, as evidenced from his desire to inaugurate a superior school, which building is now in course of erection. We trust that success may attend his labors on this new circuit to which he has been appointed. Arrival of French Ship The French admiral ship "Naiade", arrived here at 6.20 last evening. She steamed slowly up the harbor, and when swung to her anchor, unfurled the British flag at the mainmast head and saluted it with twenty-one guns. As the last gun fired, the flag was hauled down very slowly. When down to the half, H.M.S. "Cleopatra" fired the first gun in an equal number in response, and as she did so, a blue jacket at the masthead set free, as if by magic, the tri-colour of France and on went the salutation. Vast numbers of citizens ran from numerous places to points of vantage to take the full of their eyes and ears of the scene and events. The Naiade is a frigate, wood constructed, ship rigged, and painted with old time white ports. She was built at Toulon, 1881, has 3,695 tons displacement, 246 feet length, 46.3 breadth, 21 feet draught of water, 2,800 indicated horse power, 530 tons coal capacity, 1 screw, 1 funnel, 13 knots speed, a balcony, shaded at top, running around her stern, high up and has large door windows opening to her upper and lower saloons, and has also electric dynamos, charging two electric search lights, which shed their brilliant rays last night along the water, the foreshore and hill sides. She has too, a band capable of discoursing musical treats. Its rendition of God save the Queen last evening was worthy of the keenest critics refined ears. -- Telegram, July 17. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 23 - "Primrose", BRAY, Cadiz, 162 tons salt - R.D. HODGE. July 26 - "Nikita", KANDES, St. John's, ballast - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: June 21 - "A.G. Heisler", McKINNON Sydney, ballast - Captain. June 24 - "Emulator", KENDRICK, St. John's, 80 tons oil, 2 tierce salmon, 15 seal skins - E. DUDER. Ship Collision "For the Far North - The First Misfortune." The Red Cross Line steamer "Miranda," which left St. John's on Sunday week last, bound for Labrador and Greenland, returned on Tuesday morning. At 8 a.m., on the morning of the 17th inst., in a dense fog, when about 10 miles North of Belle Isle, she collided end on with a heavy iceberg. What the result would have been had she not been going "dead slow," 'tis not ;pleasant to consider - the danger to the ship and the passengers lives would have been great indeed. As it was, the steamer's hawse-pipes were carried away, and five of the bow-plates, fortunately above the water-line, were much injured. So serious was the damage that it was deemed wise to put the steamer into Cape Charles, Labrador, where temporary repairs were affected, and she thereafter returned to St. John's, where the needed repairs are being done. Most of her passengers were left down on the coast, hunting, fishing, etc. The party on board the Miranda consisted of 52 persons, composed mostly of students from Zule and Havard Colleges. The primary object the Expedition (which was under the guidance of Dr. COOK) had in view was, if at all possible, to reach Peary's headquarters at Bowdin Bay. The disaster to the Miranda was very unfortunate, inasmuch as it has interfered badly with the intentions of the party - one of which was for a party from Kansas University to land at Rigoulette, in order to survey the famous Great Falls at Labrador. This was but one of the objects had in view by the intrepid explorers. - H.G. Standard, July 27. Ship Services "S.S. Lance". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Permit me, through the medium of your valuable and widely circulated paper, to ventilate a real grievance which is inflicted upon the community of this important and thriving settlement by reason of its being precluded from the manifest advantages which would accrue to it by its being made a port of call, both ingoing and returning, by the Bay steamer "Lance," which, under the command of so skilful a hand as Capt. DALTON, is doing excellent work, and is such a great boon to the general public in the districts of Fogo and Twillingate. Under the present arrangement the steamer calls here only once every round trip, viz. upon the return from Fogo to the North. For this service we are thankful; but we regard it only as an instalment of our rights. and not the whole, consequently we shall continue to agitate till the defect is remedied. When it is borne in mind that Change Islands lies directly in the track of Fogo, that it has a resident population of nearly 1100, that three large commercial establishments are flourishing there, and has a large number of planters and fishermen, second to none in the colony for their industry and uniting energy in their daily vocation, my contention is but emphasised, that the Government would only be doing an act of simple justice in taking measures to immediately secure for them the very fullest advantages and convenience which are to be derived from the present steam service. Our requisition we respectfully submit to the authorities, and which, we trust, you will readily give in the benefit of your able advocacy, is, that the Lance may call every trip, both going and returning, at Change Islands. By kindly inserting the above remarks in the next issue of the Sun you will confer a favor upon Your very faithfully, Tobias MacSTINGER. Change Islands, August 1st. Market Notes (Part 1) (From the Trade Review, July 21). FISH: Fish, Large merchantable, Per Quintal, $4.00. Fish, Small merchantable, $3,40. Fish, Large Maderia, $3.60. Fish, Small Maderia, $3.00. Fish, Large West India, $3.20. Fish, Small West India, $2.60. Haddock, $2.40. Cod Oil, per ton, $68. Salmon, No1, large, per tierce, $16. Herring, per barrel, good Shore, $2. Herring, Labrador, None. Herring (very small), $2. Lobsters, per case, No1, flats, $7 to $7.50. PROVISIONS: Flour, per barrel, sup. Ex. 3.80 to 5.00. Flour, per barrel, extra, 3.30 to 3.80. Flour, per barrel, supers, 3.00 to 3.40. Pork, per barrel, mess, 16.50 to 17.50. Pork, per barrel, family mess, 17.50 to 16.00. Pork, ex prime, 15.50 to 19.50. Butter, per lb., Canadian, .21 to .26. Oleo, per lb. .13 to .23. Salt, per hhd. 1.40 to 1.60. Molasses. Per gallon. .38 to .40. Sugar, light brown, per cwt. 7.10 to 7.59. Sugar, granulated, per cwt. 8.75 to 9.50. Sugar, loaf, per cwt. 10.00 to 10.50. Cornmeal, per barrel, 3.10 to 3.20. Oatmeal, per barrel, 4.90 to 5.00. Bread, per bag, No. 1, 3.60 to 3.80. Bread, per bag, No. 2, 3.20 to 3.46. Beef, per barrel, 10.50 to 13.50. Kerosene oil, per gallon, .18. Hay, per ton, 18.00 to 20.00. Market Notes (Part 2) Fodder, 12.00 to 13.00. Peas, per barrel, round, 3.50 to 3.60. Peas, per half-brl, round, 1.90 to 2.00. Peas, per barrel, split, 4.60 to 5.00. Peas, per half-brl, split, 2.40 to 2.60. Oats, per bushel, .70. Bran, per cwt. 1.30 to 1.50. Cattle-feed, 100 lb sacks, 1.60 to 1.80. Potatoes, per barrel, $2. Cheese, per lb, .16 to .17. Ham, per lb., Canadian, .15 to .20. Ham, per lb., Belfast, .23 to .25. Ham, per lb., Lipton's, .23. Bacon, per lb. .18 to .25. Eggs, per dozen. .10 to .12. Turnips, per barrel, $1.80 to $2.00. Berries, partridge and whorts, .10 to .15. Onions, per barrel, $3. to $3.50. Coal, per ton, North Sydney, $5.50. Coal, per ton, South Sydney, $5.30. Victoria, per ton, $5. Little, Glace Bay, $5. Raisins, per box, $2.50 to $3. Currants, per cwt. $7 to $7.50. Leather, grain, per lb. .35 to .40. Leather, sole, per lb. .20 to .25. Leather, harness, per lb. .32 to .35. Leather, split, per lb, .20. Hemlock, board, No. 1. $16. Spruce board, No. 1. $20. Spruce plank, joisting, studding, scantling, $22. 1-in. P.& T., spruce flooring, $24. 1 1/4 in. P.& T. spruce flooring, $25. 1 1/2 in. P.& T spruce flooring, $25. Pine board (clear), $30 to $40. Hardwood plank, $30 to $40. Laths, $1.50 to $2. The above quotations are wholesale. Mining The sylvan solitude of Belle Isle, in Conception Bay, is soon to be broken in upon, by a company who are going to open an iron mine over there. For some years past prospectors have been busy on the Island, and the samples shown, have induced a company to take hold of some claims. The specimens show a good paying percentage of iron, and we are informed that work will begin almost immediately. The company will not manufacture the iron on the Island at present, it being their intention to ship the crude ore to Nova Scotia. The mine ought to give a large amount of employment to the Belle Islanders. -- Trade Review. Religious "Parting Address." To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN and Mrs. FREEMAN from the People of Blackhead, Conception Bay. Blackhead, July 23rd, 1894. To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN, -- Beloved and Dear Sir,- As the time has now come for you to leave this Circuit for another field of labour, we should feel recreant to our duty, if we were to let you leave us without some token of regard for the indefatigable manner in which you have laboured amongst us the past three years. Yours, indeed, has been a labour of love, and it has always been your joy to see the Circuit prosper spiritually and financially. We unitedly rejoice with you at the present prosperity. Your interest in the Sunday as well as the day schools will not soon be forgotten by teachers and scholars. Please accept this purse as a token of our esteem and regard. And, now, as you are leaving for another field of labour, we bid you good-bye, praying that the Divine blessing may follow you and Mrs. FREEMAN, and that the Great Head of the Church may bless your labors in the future as in the past. Signed on behalf of the congregation, John C. MOORES, Peter DIAMOND, Thos. B. LeGROW, Geo. E. MOORES, Jos. KING, Andrew VATCHER, Fred. LeGROW, Wm. BRENNAN, Jacob KING, John LACEY, W.W. KING, Richard MOORES, Jessie LACEY, Jos. THISTLE, Matthew LeGROW, sr. Religious "Mr. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 25th, 1894. Dearly Beloved Friends,- I thank you very much for the address and purse of gold you presented me with today. It was not necessary that I should be the recipient of either one or the other, for proof of your regard for Mrs. FREEMAN and myself. I am glad that my labours have been so much appreciated by you during the past three years. You truly say it has been a labour of love. The prosperity of the Church in its various departments, has been my aim; and whilst I have not realized all I desired and prayed for, yet I am devoutly thankful for what has been accomplished, both spiritually and temporally. The flourishing Sabbath and day schools, as well as the healthy financial condition of the Circuit, give ground to hope for a bright future. I pray that the blessing of the Great Head of the Church may ever rest upon you as a people, and that every worker and member may be endowed with "power from on high". Again thanking you for the tangible proof of your regard, I am, yours in the bonds of Christian love, R.W. FREEMAN. Religious "To Mrs FREEMAN." Blackhead, July 23, '94. Dear Mrs. FREEMAN. It is a matter of general regret that your stay amongst us is so short. Never did three years glide away so quickly. Both you and Mr. FREEMAN have endeared yourselves to us by your labours and devoted Christian characters. It is with no fulsome praise that we speak when we refer to your great work as our organist, and we cannot but contrast the singing of today to what it was three years ago. And we are sure you valuable service in the department of the Church will long be held in grateful remembrance. You will also be missed in the Sunday school, where you have laboured so faithfully and earnestly to extend the Redeemer's Kingdom. Please accept the accompanying token of our affection, and be assured that our prayers will follow you to your new field of toil, where we hope you may be permitted to gather much fruit for the Heavenly Kingdom; and as you will not be far away, we hope to see you often. Wishing you and yours every blessing for both worlds, we are, Dear Mrs. FREEMAN, yours affectionately: Mabel J. LeGROW, Celia MOORES, Harriet HUDSON, Hester A. MOORES, Dorcas LeGROW Mary J. LeGROW, Miriam P. MOORES, Jane DIAMOND, Maria LeGROW, Mary A. LeGROW, Sarah BRENNAN, Hetty JANES, and others. Religious "Mrs. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 23, '94. My Dear Friends,- The presentation of your living address and purse was both a surprise and joy to me. I was not aware that I had done anything to merit at your hands such a marked proof of your good will. It is a matter of thankfulness that any effort I have made for the good of the cause has now your approval. The esteem in which Mr. FREEMAN is held, as well as myself, has been felt all through those three happy years spent amongst you. I do pray that by the way of the Mercy Seat, blessings abundant may ever rest upon you and yours. I should be glad to see any of you at any time in my new home where the same welcome will be given you as I know I shall have from yourselves. Good-bye and may God bless till we meet again. Yours very affectionately, Sarah L. FREEMAN. The Fishery There has been very good fishing at the Grey Island the last few weeks, and boats there have done fine work. The schooner "Outstrip," Abraham Knight, arrived at Morton's Harbor from the North last week w9ith something over 300 barrels codfish. There has been no improvement in the fishery around our shores the past couple of weeks and the average catch to date is the lowest for the past twelve or fourteen years. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay on Thursday, bringing back a quantity of salmon to the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The fishery reports along that coast are not very bright. Capt. Samuel SAUNDERS arrived at Change Islands from Belle Isle on Monday last with a full load of codfish. The gallant captain reports three other Change Islands' schooners loaded there and fish extraordinarily abundant. Cricket The cricket match played Thursday at Back Harbor between the "Reds" and "Blues" of the Wanderers Cricket Club, terminated in a magnificent victory for the former, beating the latter by an inning and tree runs. Ship Arrival The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Capt. DELANEY, which left St. John's Tuesday, arrived here Thursday morning. She had a large quantity of freight on board and about fifty tons of coal for the "Windsor Lake". Her trip this time extends to Battle Harbor and she may be expected returning South Wednesday or Thursday next. Court Decision "A Gross Judicial Blunder." The Decision in the Trinity Election Case. "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." -- Judge LITTLE, in the Trinity election case. What a gross judicial blunder! Fancy a judge pronouncing sentence to the utmost extent of the law, in a case of alleged "bribery and corruption," and then coolly and deliberately saying: "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." Nevertheless, this is exactly what Mr. Justice LITTLE said yesterday, in delivering his judgement in the Trinity election case. Can anything more absurd and inconsistent be imagined? Sir William WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND are in one breath declared guilty of "bribery and corruption," and in the very next breath we are told by the learned Judge that "THIS FACT DOES NOT IN ANY DEGREE REFLECT UPON THEIR HONESTY, MORALITY OR INTEGRITY." Truly, we may now ask: "Where are we and whither tending?" We have no desire to show the slightest disrespect for His Lordship's judicial consistency; but, really, it is very difficult to be as respectful as we could wish in the presence of such a conflicting decision as the one in question. next thing, we shall hear of a judge sending a prisoner to the penitentiary, and saying to the wardens, there is nothing against the honesty, morality or integrity of that man; but, all the same, he must to go prison. "Away with him! Crucify him! The Tory faction hate him, and their thirst for vengeance must be appeased." -- Telegram, July 26. Drowning A sad accident occurred at Vernon River Bridge, P.E.I., recently. A little girl, only one year and seven months old, daughter of C.B. ROSS, painter, fell head first into a creamer barrel filled with water, and life was extinct before the little one was found. Birth On the 1st inst., at Too Good Arm, Herring Neck, the wife of Mr. Abraham HURLEY of a daughter. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared: July 31 - "Primrose", BRAY, King's Cove, ballast - Captain. Fishery Some of our fishermen who secured squids this week, did better with fish than they had any time before, this season. Two boats arrived from the French Shore this week, one having about one hundred and eighty and the other seventy barrels. It appears that lobster packers on the Northwest Coast are doing fairly well, some of them securing as many as two thousand a day. The schooner "Hunter," George PARSONS master, arrived from the Straits of Belle Isle Wednesday, with about two hundred and forty barrels of fish. We learn by intelligence from Peter's River that the fishery there has been most successful, so far. One man of that place has over three thousand quintals of fish ashore, and several of the others have also done well. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Captain DELANEY, called here Tuesday morning, going South. She was as far North as Battle Harbor, and the fishery reports received by her are not very encouraging. On some parts of the coast the fishermen are doing a little, and in other places it is almost a failure. Schooner Arrival The English schooner "St. Clair," Captain SINCLAIR, arrived from Cadiz, via St. John's Wednesday, with a cargo of salt for the firm of E. DUDER. Passengers The following took passage by the "Grand Lake" for St. John's: - Four Christian Brothers, Mr. R.D. HODGE, Mr. T. HODGE, Mrs. LETHBRIDGE, Mrs. CORNER and child. The steam launch "Lance" arrived from Norris' Arm last Saturday afternoon. The Rev. L. CURTIS, wife, two children and servant were passengers, having come through by train to Norris' Arm. Trading News The "Victoria," James NEWMAN, master, arrived from a trading trip Tuesday afternoon, bringing back about one hundred and fifty quintals of cod fish, thirty tierce of salmon, and five hundred rabbit skins. Medical A report of the work of the Labrador Deep Sea Medical Mission for 1893 shows that during the season the three doctors, GRENFELL, BOBARDT and CURWEN, who were in charge, respectively, of the Battle Harbor hospital, the hospital ship "Albert", and the steamer "Princess May", treated 37 in patients and 2,493 out patients. Of these 798 were surgical, seventeen being performed under chloroform. Forest Fire A forest fire, supposed to be between the head of Hall's Bay and White Bay, has been raging the past week, and, without a doubt, has wrought great destruction among the timber in that vicinity. Too much care cannot be exercised by all who go to the woods, either for business or pleasure, and it should be borne in mind that heavy penalties are attached to the breaking of the laws in reference to forest fires. Schooner Wrecked A schooner called the "Princess Alice," Capt. PIKE, of Burin, while beating up the North Side of the Straits of Belle Isle on the 30th of July, struck the sunken rock Soldier and became a total wreck. The Princess Alice was a fishing craft, and had about a hundred and fifty barrels of fish on board at the time, and nearly everything was lost. The crew of six men and two boys were conveyed to St. John's by the "Grand Lake," Thursday last. This is a very unfortunate circumstance, depriving them as it does of the summer's voyage. Parting Address "Parting Address to Mrs. E. HILL." Twillingate, July 24th, 1894. Dear Mrs. HILL: -- We, the members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society, regret that you are on the eve of leaving us, as we shall greatly miss your valuable services in connection with the Society. Not only as President but also as a good worker, your services have been appreciated by all, and we shall be very glad to know that in your new home, you will still be a co-worker with us in this great service. That the Divine Spirit may watch over you and family is our earnest prayer. Signed on behalf of the members of the Dorcas Society: K. BAIRD, S. NEWMAN, A. PEYTON, M. COOK, E. HODDER, E. ROSSITER, M.A. PRIDE, L. COLBOURNE, E. HUGHES. Reply to Address "Mrs. HILL's Reply." To the Members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society. My Dear Friends: - I need hardly say that the address you presented me with on the eve of my departure was a great surprise to me, and is far too appreciative of my humble efforts as a member of your noble Society. Nevertheless, your address touched a tender cord in my heart, to learn that my weak endeavour to assist you in this good work of clothing the poor and destitute was not forgotten by you. It has always been a pleasure for me to meet with you to help on this good object. May we never forget the words of Christ, "In as much as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto Me." Thanking you for your kind wishes to myself and family. Wishing you success in your laudable work. E. HILL. The Fishery "Returned from the Westward." The SS. "Virginia Lake," Captain TAYLOR, arrived here at 5.40 o'clock last evening from the Westward. She reports several Fortune Bay schooners coming from the Mecatinas loaded with fish, and bringing good all round reports from that particular place. Lobsters are still plentiful on the Northwest coast, but not on this side. Several bankers have arrived at Grand Bank after their caplin baiting, with an average catch of 450 quintals on it. Fish is still abundant at Trepassey and salt very badly wanted, the stock being all used up. Nothing worth speaking of has been done at Cape Boyle the past few days. There are a few foreign fishing schooners there. The steamer brought about 1,000 boxes lobsters, a few barrels fish and a trifle of other freight. -- Telegram August 2. Accidental Death (Part 1) "Death on the Track." Yesterday, when we announced that a special train was to run from Holyrood with cattle, driven there from the vicinity of the wrecked "Texas," there was no anticipation of fatal results to any person, as there have been to one poor woman, to whom death came with awful promptitude in an hour when she least expected it. No. 10 engine, drawing three cars of freight, 32 head of cattle, left Holyrood at 2.05 yesterday afternoon for St. John's, with Robert CANDOW, driver; John DUNN, fireman; John BROPHY, conductor also doing "brake" duty, and George MERCER, brakeman. All these men are smart at their work, tried and true, ready to instantly act on sight and sound. Manuels, the scene of the sad accident, was readied at about 2.50. Running for Manuels on an up-grade and a curve precluded long range of sight. Here, too, is a down-grade, which has necessarily to be run somewhat freely to raise a more advanced up-grade. The "stand" was opened to view and quickly arrived at, and just from the line of it was seen, ahead on the track, about 300 yards distant, a woman, later recognised as Mrs. Fanny NOSEWORTHY, of Long Pond, near Villa Nova, aged 67 years, and having no family, husband alive. She was walking with the train. The driver blew for brakes, a quick whistle, and there was an immediate application, the engine being meanwhile reversed. Accidental Death (Part 2) The woman turned and saw the engine, but continued to walk on, probably to locate a favorable place to step clear. Then a danger signal was blown, followed by a second one. The woman looked around a second time, and started to step off; but, alas! too late! She went to the right hand side, had one foot over the rail, and, then, nervous and terrified, she hesitated, and that moment's hesitation proved fatal. One came the locomotive toward her, in spite of every effort to stop it. The cow-catcher lifted her from her feet, and, as she suddenly inclined back, her head struck the signal pole in the buffer, breaking it by force of contact, her death-stricken face meanwhile, being thrown back and upturned to the horrified driver, leaving an impression on his mind that will not soon be effaced. It was only for an instant; the cow-catcher did its work - the woman was flung over the embankment, a distance of ten feet. The train was brought up some three cars length further on, and the men ran back. They could not then do much, and they had to be away. They then had to run on time, because the regular train, also running on time, would be along ere ten minutes. Accidental Death (Part 3) They, therefore, had to leave the woman to the kind care of the people of the place, and go on, only stopping at Topsail to report by telegraph to St. John's station the melancholy occurrence. Women took up the inanimate form, life's spark flickering within, and brought it to the house of Joseph MORGAN, where every attention was given it, but only with the effect of restoring sufficient consciousness to enable the injured woman to say, "let me lie down." Soon afterwards life became extinct. No time was lost by Captain NOBLE in doing his part; he had Dr. RENDELL summoned, and also called Constable LONG, of Topsail, who was in town; and directly the regular train arrived, at 4 p.m., he sent them off on a special at full speed to the scene, his own son, Mr. A.S. NOBLE, in charge. They arrived at 4.45, but too late, death having occurred nearly half an hour previously. They returned at 6 o'clock. The woman sustained no very great external injuries. There were a few slight scratches on the back of the head, and death is believed to have resulted from concussion of the brain. It may be added that Capt. NOBLE had a suitable coffin made by undertaker WHITE, which he sent out to Manuels by the regular morning train. In this coffin the remains will be interred. -- Evening Telegram, July 28. Died At Leading Tickles, July 24th, the beloved wife of Mr. John WHELAN, aged 68 years; she leaves a husband, 3 sons and 2 daughters to mourn their sad loss. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: Aug 8 - "Samuel Moss", MABLY, Fogo, part cargo salt - R.D. HODGE. Aug 8 - "St. Clair", SINCLAIR, St. John's, 160 tons salt - E. DUDER. Aug 10 - "My Lady", RIDER, Sydney via Fogo, part cargo coals - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: Aug. 10 - "Nikita', KANDES, Bristol, cargo seal oil and skins - J.W. OWEN. Traitor (Part 1) (From the Evening Telegram) "A TRAITOR!" The Gafney From Holyrood. In last night's issue we briefly noticed the contemptible conduct of Mr. WOODFORD, one of the members elected by the people of Harbor Main last November to support the WHITEWAY or Liberal Party. When, on Wednesday evening, the rumor spread throughout the town, that this individual had turned traitor and joined the detested MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction, many people were unwilling to believe it. Although it was known by the members of the WHITEWAY Party that Mr. WOODFORD had been in communication with Mr. Moses MONROE, as far back as November last, and had secretly been (imbibing ?) the traitor principles from the Liberal renegade, Mr. W.J.S. DONNELLY, still we also were loathe to believe that there was a man in the ranks of the Liberals so depraved, so lost to all sense of shame and honor as to betray those with whom he has been allied for four years, and who are to-day undergoing the most violent persecutions at the hands of those to whom he has sold himself. Not many days ago we met this individual, who shall be hereafter known as WOODFORD THE TRAITOR FROM HARBOR MAIN, or the Gafney of Holyrood, at a meeting of the Liberal Party. Traitor (Part 2) He sat at the table of Sir William WHITEWAY, the veteran leader of that party; he entered into their discussions, he participated in their confidences, he subscribed to their policy, and he pledged unwavering loyalty to Sir William and his Party. Like his prototype Judas, he sat at the table with his best friend, and then went out and betrayed him to violent and relentless enemies. He accepted the confidence of his colleagues and then passed out and sold them. He obtained a seat in the Legislature, pledged by his constituents of Harbor Main district to uphold and stand by the Liberal Party and Sir William WHITEWAY, and he deliberately sacrificed their interests for the position of Financial Secretary, and a salary of sixteen hundred dollars per year. Well, the MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction are welcome to such an addition to their ranks. The WHITEWAY party are well rid of such trash, and it is peculiarly fitting that traitors should herd with traitors. This GAFNEY FROM HOLYROOD not only owes his seat in the Legislature to the prestige of the Whiteway Party, but he actually obtained the sum of FOUR HUNDRED DOLLARS from Sir William WHITEWAY, with which to canvas the district last fall. He is today, under obligation to several members of the WHITEWAY Party, who endorsed notes on the banks for him, (which are still outstanding), and tided him over difficulties. Traitor (Part 3) A fitting companion truly is Mr. William WOODFORD for the arch ingrate and traitor, Alfred B. MORINE. It is humiliating to find, that there is in this country a native, capable of PROSTITUTING HIMSELF TO A PARTY OF THE MOST UNPRINCIPLED LOT OF POLITICIANS THAT EVER CURSED ANY LAND. No doubt Mr. WOODFORD is under the impression that he has acted well towards himself. Time will tell, however, whether he has or not. A traitor invariably meets his deserts, and as sure as there is a retributive justice abroad in the world, so sure will Mr. WOODFORD's crime not go unpunished. All honorable men will despise him, his present associates, even vile as they are, will hardly trust him when they now learn the truth of his depravity. The understanding is that Mr. WOODFORD will not go back to his constituents for re-election, but will be rewarded with a permanencey after the party, he has sold himself to, are done with him; and provided they are in a position to carry out their promises. But even a magistracy may be abolished, and it is well that Mr. WOODFORD should know it. "Thou art a traitor! False to thy gods, thy brothers and thy father; Conspirant, 'gainst the liberties of thy country; And from the extremist upward of thy head, To the descent and dust beneath thy feet, A MOST TOAD-SPOTTED TRAITOR" Politics (Part 1) "A Mean Spirit of Revenge." The Dismissal of Assembly Doorkeepers and Messengers. During the past day or two, sufficient evidence has come to light to warrant us in saying that it was a mean and unworthy spirit of revenge and nothing else, that prompted the Tory Government to dismiss the doorkeepers and messengers of the House of Assemble - Messrs. WALSH, MUNDY, DEADY, KNIGHT and LONG. These men did nothing in the general election last fall to deserve the harshest treatment they have received at the hands of Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. They were courteous, willing and faithful in the discharge of their duties - so much so that we challenge the Government to bring a single well-sustained charge against them. If they openly expressed their sympathy for the WHITEWAY party, what of that? Is it not a fact that other public officials in much more prominent positions were loud-mouthed in their support of the Tory Party? We could name half a dozen or more employees of the Customs department, who even went so far as to render themselves offensive to people who had business there, by making partisan and personal remarks about the political situation. The pusillanimous Messrs. MORINE, GOODRIDGE & Co., hadn't the courage to remove from office any prominent official, for the simple reason that they feared the latter's influence in the approaching by-elections. Politics (Part 2) They singled out poor WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, believing that these unassuming citizens could do them no political injury. but we can tell those Tory persecutors of the weak, and panderers to the strong, that the sovereign people will resent their injustice to WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, and that the electors will emphasise their resentment, too, in November next. Humble and all as those subordinates are, they would scorn to be as untruthful and deceptive, as are the vindictive faction by whom they have been thus deprived of the wherewithal to support themselves and families. But let the persecutors beware! The day of retribution is at hand. The dismissed officials will make their influence felt in the coming struggle. Their fellow-countrymen will sympathise with them, and enable them too, to teach even Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. the lesson that no one, no matter how unpretentious he may be, ought to be mistreated by those in authority. Not a man among the dismissed officials, but has done more for the colony than any member of the Tory faction. What has Mr. GOODRIDGE ever done to increase the wealth of the country? What has Mr. MORINE ever done for Newfoundland, that he should be foisted into the Colonial Secretary's Office over the head of our talented and self-sacrificing fellow-countryman, Mr. BOND? Politics (Part 3) By exorbitant charges on his fishery supplies, Mr. GOODRIDGE has amassed wealth, while many a much better man at heart is to-day obliged, by mercantile oppression, to earn a miserable existence by culling fish on Mr. GOODRIDGE's premises. The men who have been dismissed from the situations they occupied in connection with the Assembly, earned those positions by hard and honest toil. Some of them are tradesmen, others fishermen. While they prosecuted their callings as such, they helped to enrich the country by the fruit of their toil. How much has Mr. Alfred B. MORINE, the present Acting Colonial Secretary, contributed to the wealth of the colony? Why, not a solitary cent! Ever since the well-deserved-inhospitality of his native province, flung him upon our shores, he has been a drone in the hive of industry here, and a barnacle upon the Ship of State, retarding her progress and doing his best to strand her upon the shoals of bankruptcy and Confederation! Newfoundlanders, what is your duty in this emergency? We once more appeal to you who are to the manor born, to rally round the banner of Liberation and Progress! The weal or woe of dear old Fatherland depends upon the issue of the by-elections. In this emergency Terra Nova expects every one of her sons to do his duty. Now then, let your watchword be: "NEWFOUNDLAND FOR NEWFOUNDLANDERS, AND DOWN WITH TORY DESPOTISM." -- Evening Telegram, August 9. WOODFORD The Traitor A Candid Statement From Harbor Main. (Special to The Evening Telegram) Conception Harbor, Aug. 6. it is reported here that WOODFORD, the arch traitor, has stated that the leading men of Harbor Main district approve of his political treachery. This we declare a downright falsehood, intentionally made by "Gafney" to give a tint of justification to his dastardly conduct. We defy him to name even one man, who can command more than his own individual influence in this district, that has approved of his perditious action, or concurred with him in his traitorous conduct. Did the KENNEDY's, St. John's, WADES, HEARNS, COLES, BURKES, COSTELLOS, ROCHES, TILLEYS, CHURCHILLS, BRIENS, LEWISES, or the hundreds of other well-known and loyal Liberals, concur with him in his treachery? No! no!! He was bought with the glitter of office and they will show to the world how they detest, abhor him. Harbor Main district will show, when the time comes, that traitors and purchased turn coats, will not be tolerated. He is detested by all honorable men, and we blush with shame to think that he can claim our district as his birthplace; but the nation of greatest patriots gave birth to the most faithless sons and despicable traitors. Ireland produced CAREY and Harbor Main his prototype, who betrayed his compatriots and abandoned them in their death struggle for liberty. Away with him! Away with the spy and traitor, Gafney WOODFORD, the embodiment of all that is dishonorable whose name henceforth will be a byword and a reproach. New Lighthouse "Baccalieu Lighthouse." The erection of the lighthouse at Baccalieu, near Herring Neck, has commenced, and several men from here and Herring Neck, have gone to the island to engage in the work. As the fishery has been so very bad and many are in want of employment, we don't see why a much larger number of men from Herring Neck especially, should not be employed at this work. Perhaps Messrs. GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT, at whose instance the choice and limited number have been employed, may be able to explain to the satisfaction of the public generally. The money for the erection of this lighthouse was provided by the WHITEWAY government during the session of 1893, but it is the Goodridge-Morine party that have the expending of it, and Messrs. Goodridge and Knight are responsible for how the work is proceeding. Drowning "A Newfoundland Sailor Drowned." He Sank While Bathing at Sydney. We learn through Captain Robert FRASER of the SS. "Coban", that a Newfoundlander named Arch. OSMOND, who had been attached to the SS "Louisburg", has been very recently drowned at Sydney. He had been swimming from the International pier, took cramps and sank, and in the presence of witnesses unable to rescue him. -- Evening Telegram. The above young man was about 21 years of age and son of Mr. Abraham OSMOND Tizzards Harbor, and we sympathise with the parents and family in the sad loss thus sustained. Politics "Sir William WHITEWAY Returns to the City in Excellent Humor for the Coming Fight." Sir William WHITEWAY, the ever popular Leader of the Liberal Party, returned to this city by the afternoon train, after a most enjoyable fishing trip out on the N.N. and W. railway line. He is in excellent trim for the by elections, and promises to give the Tory faction a greater thrashing this fall than they got in 1889, and in 1893. The Liberal Party are already actively preparing for the coming campaign. In a few days more, we shall be in a position to take the field, fully equipped for the fight. Candidates are ready for nomination, the "sinews of war" are available, and the people are warmly with us. Tory persecutors, "look out for squalls." The day of retribution is at hand! -- Evening Telegram, August 7. Bank Appointments C.S. PINSENT, Esq., has been appointed manager of the Union Bank, in the place of the late J. GOLDIE, Esq. W.H. CROWDY, Esq., takes Mr. PINSENT's place. W.W. WATSON, Esq., fills the position of receiving teller. Mr. PETERS becomes accountant, his place being filled by R. DONNELLY, and Mr. C. BAYLY joins the Bank staff as junior clerk. -- Royal Gazette, August 7. Shipping News The "Gipsy," J.W. OSMOND, master, arrived from St. John's Wednesday afternoon. We are indebted to Mr. OSMOND for late local papers. The English vessel, "Clementine," Capt. BALL, arrived from Glasgow last Saturday with a cargo of coal and brick to the firm of E. DUDER. She had a tedious passage, being thirty-seven days left port. The schooner "Jeanie," J.W. ROBERTS, master, called here Monday on her way to Labrador. She has coals and provisions and is bound as far North as Rama with supplies to the missionaries laboring on that distant part of the coast. Bequest We learn that the will of Jane Anthony EAMES of Concord, admitted to probate on Friday, July 20th, 1894, contains a bequest of $1,000 to the Right Rev. Llewellyn JONES, Bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda. Child Abuse The steamer "Fleta" left here on Tuesday morning for Burnt Bay, having on board F. BERTEAU, Esq., JP., and Sergeant PATTEN. The Magistrate is gone there to investigate an alleged case of ill-treatment to a child who died at Burnt Bay some time age, which has recently been brought under his notice. Forest Fire During the week a forest fire was raging some distance away, said to be at Muddy Hole on the Straight Shore, and we learn that several houses there were destroyed. Fortunately the heavy rain fall of Thursday will probably put an end to it. It is to be regretted that almost every summer so much of our valuable timber land is devastated by forest fires. Religious The Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, Incumbent of Herring Neck Parish, officiated in St. Peter's Church last Sunday, morning and evening. His discourses on both occasions were deep, forcible and practicable, and appeared to be much appreciated by the large congregations. In the afternoon he conducted the Flower Service in St. Andrew's Church, which was of a most interesting character and very largely attended. The Fishery The fishery around our shores has been better the past week than it has this season. Tuesday and Wednesday some boats at Crow head got from a half to one quintal, but it was so stormy Thursday and yesterday that the fishing grounds could not be reached. Let us hope that the recent change in the weather will bring about an improvement in the fishery in this Bay generally. We learn that there has also been a slight alteration for the better about Fogo within the last week or ten days. Ship Arrival The schooner "Spring Bird," Alex. NOLE, master, belonging to Mr. H.B. SPENCE, arrived here from Flowers Cove Thursday evening, bound to Harbor Grace with oil and skins. She left Flowers Cove on Monday last and on Wednesday night when off the Grey Islands, experienced very heavy weather, which burst her foresail and staysail, carried away flying jib, jib stay and taffrail, and broke in part of bulwarks. The fishery at Flowers Cove is said to be the worst for many years. Schooner has Rough Trip The schooner "Terra Nova," which left here for St. John's on the 6th inst with a load of lumber from Indian Arm, and the misfortune of getting on a rock while going through Stag Harbor Run. It was very moderate weather and it is probable she was dragged on the rock by the tide. Fortunately the "Flamingo", Capt. SCEVIOUR was near at the time and he and his crew rendered assistance in getting the Terra Nova afloat. She had a big deck load of lumber which had to be removed, and a raft was made by the side of the schooner for the purpose. The tide was low when the vessel grounded and when it rose and the deck lightened of its burden, with the help of Mr. SCEVIOUR and his crew the Terra Nova was floated off and no damage was caused, as, fortunately, the water was very smooth all the while. The lumber was again put on deck and the craft proceeded on her course and reached ST. JOHN's the early part of this week. Deaths in House Fire A house belonging to Mr. William CURNEW, was destroyed by fire at St. Carls, (French Shore), on the 14th July and three small children were consumed in the flames. Arson "Big Fire At Pilley's Island." The Work of an Incendiary. (Special to the Daily News) Little Bay, Aug. 11. On last Wednesday night, the business premises of the Notre Dame Trading Company, Pilley's Island, consisting of shop, dwelling and two stores, totally destroyed by fire. Loss estimated at twenty thousand dollars. The fire originated in the fish store, where some rinds were stored, and was the act of an incendiary. A man named George RAINES, of Sandy Cove Islands, is under arrest, charged with the crime. It appears that he confessed to Mr. STRONG, of the trading company, and Constable BISHOP at the time of arrest, that he did the deed, and, further, how he did it, by breaking a pane of glass in the store window, and throwing a lighted match in amongst the rinds. A Magisterial inquiry was held to-day. RAINES committed for trial. He admitted he had no spleen against Mr. STRONG or the Trading Company. He said the deed was suggested by another person named SNOW, who was indebted to STRONG. A warrant was issued for SNOW's arrest. The wind was high at the time of the fire, and carried flankers down on the Mining company's premises and set fire to the woods in vicinity, which, fortunately, was quickly seen and extinguished. For a time the undenominational school house stood in great danger, and no doubt, not withstanding the strenuous efforts put forth to save it, would have been consumed but for a timely change of the wind, a most fortunate change for the inhabitants of that thriving settlement, for had the school house which is built on the height overlooking the village taken fire flankers would be driven in all directions, causing probably the destruction of the whole place, and possibly worse - the loss of life. Died Drowned, on the 8th of July, at the Straits of Belle Isle, George GRIMES, of herring Neck, aged 26 years. Died On the 3rd inst., at "Florence Glove". Rosina Emeline, aged 44 years, wife of Henry GOODRIDGE, Esq. Died On the 5th inst., at St. John's, in the 81st year of his age, David SCLATER, Esq., a native of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Scotland.
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https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/colonial-john-glover.php
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Glover, Sir John Hawley (1829-1885)
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Biography of Sir John Hawley Glover, colonial governor of Newfoundland from 1829-1885.
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Governor, 1876-1881, 1883-1885
Glover was born in Yateley, Hampshire, England on February 24, 1829. His began his naval service in 1841 and, early in his career, survived a shot that entered under his right eye and passed through his left ear. Glover worked on surveying ships in the Mediterranean, Africa and Burma until 1862 when he joined the colonial service. He started as an administrator in Lagos in 1863 and the following year became its colonial secretary. In 1873 he led a campaign that suppressed the Ashanti tribe. For his success, Glover received thanks from the British parliament and was knighted.
Glover was made governor of Newfoundland twice. His first term lasted from 1876 to 1881; the second was for a few months in 1884. Premiers Frederic Carter and William Whiteway, both talented and prominent men, guided Glover in his administration. They wanted less British influence in Newfoundland and, for the most part, Glover stayed out of the way. He worked to maintain good relations between the colony and Britain. Glover was the first governor to travel most of the island. He and his wife visited fishing outports and inspected work places and mines all over Newfoundland. Glover supported calls for a cross-island railway.
His first term ended when he accepted the Leeward Islands' governorship in 1881. He stayed there for two years, leaving to recover from malaria. While recuperating he was asked to return to Newfoundland after Governor Henry Maxse's death. He served in Newfoundland for several months before ill health forced him back to England. He never fully recovered from malaria and died on September 30, 1885 in London. Glover was commemorated in Newfoundland with a monument in the St. John's Anglican Cathedral. Glovertown was also named in his honour.
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https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1966/aug/10/prices-and-incomes-bill
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PRICES AND INCOMES BILL (Hansard, 10 August 1966)
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[
"Hansard",
"House of Commons",
"House of Lords",
"Parliament",
"UK",
"House of Commons sitting"
] | null |
[] |
1966-08-10T00:00:00
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PRICES AND INCOMES BILL (Hansard, 10 August 1966)
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en
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§ The Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Mr. William Rodgers)
I beg to move, That the Bill be now read the Third time.
The origins of the Bill, which we are discussing this afternoon, go back a good deal further than October, 1964, when the present Government took office. There has been a growing awareness over the past decade or more—not merely in this country but in most parts of the world—that some positive policy is required if a proper relationship is to be secured between movements of incomes and movements of national productivity and if inflation is to be avoided.
This is not to suggest that there is no longer any need, by the proper use of fiscal and monetary weapons, to regulate the level of demand in the economy. The important point is that this alone is not enough. A policy bearing more directly on negotiated increases in pay and on movements in prices is now widely accepted to be necessary in partnership with a fiscal and monetary policy.
I shall not recall in detail the various stages with which we have developed this policy over the past two years or so. The House does not need reminding that we started with a joint Declaration of Intent—a document which, like any other statement of broad principles, was necessarily phrased in general terms. Perhaps for that reason right hon. and hon. Gentlemen on the other side of the House have sometimes seemed to treat the Declaration, as they appear to be doing now, as a subject for amusement. All that I can say is that all those who signed it—representing both sides of industry and the Government—did so in all seriousness, 1719 and I think that the country as a whole believed at that time that it was an historic step forward.
One thing that has become increasingly clear over the years is that it is not enough in this field—and I willingly concede this, not for the first time—to reach agreement simply on statements of principle, however important these are and however great an advance they represent. It is also necessary to create the procedures and machinery necessary to secure their application.
For that reason, we allotted the general task of keeping an oversight of the policy to the National Economic Development Council. For the independent consideration of particular cases, we set up, as the House well knows, the National Board for Prices and Incomes. The Board was appointed last summer, and I think that in all our discussions, both on the Floor of the House and in Committee upstairs, it is agreed that the Board has since made its mark upon the economic field with a series of reports which have made a major contribution to the understanding of many economic problems.
The only argument that we have had is how far the Board's sphere of operations might be extended and how far, for example, as the hon. Member for Oswestry (Mr. Biffen) suggested last night, we might call upon it to fulfil functions which are not at present encompassed by its responsibilities.
It might have been suggested, in these circumstances, that there was no need to change the Board's status. We took the view, however, that since it is clear that the Board can be regarded as part of the established economic machinery of the country, it would be preferable to reconstitute it on a statutory basis. That does not mean, though I am sure that this is clear in the House, that the Board's findings or recommendations would have the force of law. That is certainly not our intention. The intention is to give the Board the status of a body appointed on the authority of Parliament with statutory power to secure the information which it requires in order to carry out its work. This is the thought lying behind Part I and the First Schedule to the Bill.
1720 The new status which we are giving the Board under the Bill does not mean any substantial changes in its method of working. The initiative for referring cases to the Board will continue to lie where it has hitherto, with the Government, although, naturally, we shall keep in close touch with the chairman of the Board in considering its programme of work. In this, as in so many other fields, the more consultation and the more dialogue we have, the better.
Similarly, the responsibility continues to lie with the Government, working, as we have throughout, in consultation with industry, to lay down from time to time the appropriate criteria to guide the Board in its work. We thought it right, despite all our debates on the Bill, to reproduce in the Second Schedule the original criteria set out in the White Paper of April, 1965, since there is much in that White Paper which is of lasting validity.
On the other hand, in the circumstances of the prices and incomes standstill, we shall need to give the Board new criteria to govern its work in the year ahead. We explain in paragraph 25 of the standstill White Paper that we shall be discussing with the T.U.C., the C.B.I. and other organisations concerned, the form which the criteria should take in order to secure the exceptional measure of restraint for which we have called next year.
As my right hon. Friend the First Secretary explained earlier in our debates, having said that we would undertake these consultations, it would not be right if we were to try to anticipate them by suggesting what the outcome might be. On the other hand, there are two particular points of interest which have been the object of concern to hon. Members on both sides throughout our discussions, and it may be helpful if I just take a moment to say a word about them.
The first point is the position of the lower-paid workers. I hope that the House will remember that general recognition that existing wage and salary levels too low to obtain a reasonable standard of living represented one of the circumstances which it was admitted in the White Paper of April, 1965, might justify an exceptional pay increase. That was one of the exceptions set out in paragraph 15 of that White Paper.
1721 I cannot conceive that either side of industry, or, for that matter, either side of the House, would wish that revised and more stringent criteria should fail to recognise the validity of that consideration. But, having said that we recognise the special position of the lower-paid workers, one must also recognise that it is not always easy to identify the lowest-paid groups of workers or to know where to draw the line. Moreover—and this is very important—there is a natural tendency for any special treatment in these circumstances to spread to other groups whose case may be less well founded. Whatever view we may take, particularly on this side of the House, about where social justice lies, we must acknowledge that through a large part of industry the same view is not taken about what the proper differentials ought to be.
§ Mr. Rodgers
I hope to make quite a short speech so that hon. Members on both sides of the House may take part in the debate. I am sure that every hon. 1722 Member will have an equal opportunity to catch your eye, Mr. Speaker, if he is in the Chamber at the time.
Another point which has been made many times in our debates is that of the rôle within the prices and incomes policy and under the Bill of productivity improvements or productivity bargaining. Here again, the White Paper which we agreed with industry in April last year was clear in accepting that genuine productivity bargains represent valid candidates for special treatment.
But we must be realistic. If those workers who happen to be in a position to increase their productivity claim the whole fruits of that increase, there will be nothing to spare for other groups of workers, many in the public services, who have little or no such opportunity. Moreover, experience so far has shown all too clearly how great are the pressures to extend improvements in pay or conditions, which may have been negotiated in return for increased productivity, into other areas of employment where the same scope for productivity improvement does not exist. That is why we feel that a simple-minded approach to this question of productivity, as also to the question of lower-paid workers, is bound to be misleading.
Unless we can find a way of distinguishing those productivity bargains which are genuine—and I think that there was a large measure of agreement in our debates about how often so-called productivity agreements are bogus—and unless we can find a way of securing that the community, as well as the parties primarily concerned, receive some share of the benefits, the whole policy could be quickly undermined. That is why, in the special circumstances of the standstill, though again with reluctance, we have felt bound to resist suggestions, however superficially attractive they may sound, that a general exception should be made in favour of productivity bargains.
We hope that all those who are involved in a reference to the Board will reflect carefully on its recommendations and seek to carry them out. The hon. Member for Cornwall, North (Mr. Pardoe) had down an Amendment in the early hours of this morning, and I had a great deal of sympathy with the spirit of that Amendment. His proposal was that there should be a further standstill 1723 period of a month after the Board has reported so that the parties involved could reflect upon its recommendations and reach wise decisions. For reasons which I then gave, it was not possible for us to accept that Amendment. Nevertheless, I hope very much that when the Board reports the parties involved will reflect carefully and will seek to carry out its recommendations.
Obviously, in the circumstances in which references are made, public attention is bound to focus at first on the immediate consequences of a report, whether it be on prices or on incomes. But the Board will be very much involved in productivity. I repeat this because at one stage, apparently, it was not wholly clear to the right hon. Member for Leeds, North-East (Sir K. Joseph). The Board's success in the long run may be best judged by the extent to which it helps to overcome obstacles to efficiency in industry of all kinds.
The second major development of the policy, which is reflected in Parts II and III of the Bill, was the institution last autumn of the early warning system. The origins of this are quite simple. It became clear at an early stage in the policy that, however well conceived it might be and however well devised the machinery set up for its implementation, it could never be successful if all the various parties concerned continued to keep their intentions strictly to themselves. This is, of course, particularly true in respect of references to the National Board for Prices and Incomes.
The selection of cases for reference has been and remains the responsibility of the Government, and it is a responsibility which needs to be undertaken, as I think it has been undertaken, with discrimination and after due thought. But if the Government know nothing about an increase in pay or an increase in prices until it has taken place, they can do no more than chase after events. All our experience now shows that the best hope of influencing these decisions and of ensuring that they conform with policy requirements lies in catching them at a very early stage indeed, and it is for this purpose that the Government need advance warning of what is in mind in respect of both pay and prices.
1724 That is why we called on both sides of industry almost a year ago to co-operate in instituting an early warning system for prices and incomes. At that time we called for co-operation in these early warning arrangements on a voluntary basis. I would make it quite clear that we appreciate greatly the response of the T.U.C. and of the C.B.I. to our request at that time. The T.U.C. responded in a quite remarkable way by instituting a vetting system of their own, which, though still in its early stages, represents an important base for the further development of central leadership and influence in the trade union movement.
This is one of the benefits peripheral to the policy itself, which, looking back over the events of the last year, we can see. On the management side, individual companies and their representative organisations, their trade associations, have shown themselves generally understanding of the Government's needs and intentions and have co-operated in making these arrangements work.
But we were faced with a decision whether to let these arrangements remain indefinitely on a purely voluntary basis or to fortify them with statutory powers which could be used if need arose. This was not an easy decision. This has been made clear throughout our discussions. At no stage has it been an easy policy to develop. There have always been difficulties to be overcome and a balance of advantages to be weighed.
The point has often been made—it has been made by some of my hon. and right hon. Friends—that if you ask someone to do something on a voluntary basis, you run the risk of losing his support if subsequently you take compulsory powers. It is a fair point which we did not lightly dismiss. But our conclusion was that in the circumstances, given the importance to our economic life of making this policy effective, it would be right to seek and to hold in reserve limited statutory powers to fortify the voluntary co-operation which we were already receiving.
§ Sir K. Joseph
Of course, we have always stood for competition.
The second snag to the First Secretary's policy is that we believe that it is just not right for the Government to bully people into not acting as the law allows them, as their own interests dictate, and as the market permits. No doubt people do not mind a certain amount of bullying by the Government when it is only the chairmen of great public companies who are on the receiving end.
However, under the Bill, under the voluntary policy of the Government behind the Bill, and under Part IV if it is activated, it is to be everyone who is to be on the receiving end of the bullying, be it voluntary at the beginning or statutory if Part IV is activated.
We on this side want to draw attention to a very improper use of the word "patriotic" which is creeping into Government habits. Even so sensible a Minister as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour has begun to use the word "patriotic" in a thoroughly wrong sense, we think. Which is patriotic—to break a moral or legal contract, or to carry it out? Which is patriotic—to hold prices down and to cut quality or investment, or to let prices rise to their proper level and continue with investment? I find it very hard to choose. It is certainly wrong for the Government, because they have chosen one horn of this dilemma, to call the other horn of the dilemma unpatriotic.
The third damaging feature of the First Secretary's policy is that the consequence of interfering with the economy will soon begin to be visible. Prices 1737 may or may not be held; but taxes, rates, and the deficits of nationalised industries will steadily rise under this policy. More and more, as time passes, if the First Secretary continues to meddle with the economy, there will be a breakdown in the delicate machinery of supply and demand. There will be grave damage to investment, with consequent hurt to our competitive position, and ultimately to jobs. If the Government activate the lunatic Part IV of the Bill, these objections to the voluntary phase will be multiplied 100-fold.
These are the reasons why we believe that, even if the attitude of the Government has for the moment some public support, it is a very waning asset in the Government's hands. Disillusion and disenchantment will set in rapidly.
We are faced as a result of the Bill with a number of consequences to which I want to refer briefly. We are an economy of choice. Freedom of choice is taken for granted by our citizens. I accept that there is a small but vital proportion of wage earners who receive too little to have any effective freedom of choice. They should be dealt with; and we have urged it, just as hon. Members opposite have urged it, on the Government. But if they number 3 per cent. of the population, vital though they are, that is, I think, a fair estimate. For the other 97 per cent. of the population, freedom of choice, to a greater or lesser extent, is taken for granted. We expect to find the goods of the world in our shops. We are not a seige economy.
The biggest assets of a choice economy are invention and enterprise. We believe that the biggest victims of the Bill and of the voluntary policy behind it, if allowed to continue for more than a very short time, will be just those two—invention and enterprise. They will be crippled and shackled.
The Government themselves recognise that there must be redeployment of labour. If skilled men and women are to be redeployed—there will be a shortage of them, even in the new deflation—there must be, as one hon. Member from the Liberal Benches said so well yesterday, signals. There must be differentials which attract skilled men and women to where they are most needed.
1738 How can there be those signals and differentials, unless there is freedom to move up prices and pay to attract resources and skilled labour to where they are most needed to satisfy the demands of the market? These, therefore, are a Bill and a policy deeply damaging to our choice economy. "To our economy of choice" would perhaps be less ambiguous.
We also believe that this whole policy concentrates on the wrong target. In its focus on incomes it ignores unit costs, which are the real measure of our competitive efficiency. We believe that restrictive practices should be the real target of Government policy. Of course there would be difficulties. Of course, we agree with the hon. and learned Member for Northampton (Mr. Paget) that age-long, deeply dug, restrictive labour practices are not knocked over by one blast, even from Mr. Aubrey Jones's trumpet. But we believe that here is a battle worth fighting, whereas the battle represented by the Bill is not worth fighting, because it is not the right battle.
We criticise the Bill and its consequences because still the Government are trying to squeeze and be loved. We prove that because they are controlling prices for one reason, namely, that only in that way do they think that they can make wage control palatable. We do not think that it will make wage control palatable.
Price control may defeat the whole economic operation. Pay will inch up—I do not think anyone would deny that—even over the next few weeks and months. Prices may move slightly less. To the extent that they do, purchasing power will increase and sq will imports. The end result will be a waste of all the efforts and the passion in the Bill.
We believe, too, that the Bill and the policy behind it will deeply damage investment. I do not think that the Government pretend that this is a danger lightly to be dismissed. I remind the Government that in France, where this sort of policy has been invoked for some years and where they have a great bureaucracy controlling prices, although in the last few years price increases have been reduced from 6 per cent. average to 3 per cent. average, investment is 1739 dead; investment is stagnant, and the national plan authorities in France are deeply worried.
Our next quarrel with the Bill and the policy behind it is the abrogation of contracts, moral and legal, which it wishes to impose upon employers. We believe that this will discredit the whole system of bargaining. We agree with the hon. Member for Ebbw Vale (Mr. Michael Foot), who asked what would happen if the railwaymen were asked once again to Downing Street. We think that here again the Prime Minister has discredited yet another instrument of Government. No longer will the meeting in Downing Street represent the credible ultimate in any industrial dispute. After what has happened to the railwaymen, I cannot imagine that people will ever want to visit Downing Street for that purpose under this Government.
Then we quarrel with the whole practicability of this operation, including the Bill. At the moment there is a voluntary price notification policy, which is to be widened by the new White Paper to cover all goods, except those made in workshops or establishments—we do not know which—containing fewer than 100 workers.
I do not wish to take up too much time, but contemplation of the torrent of people wishing, for one reason or another, even in a deflation, to alter prices, leads one to wonder whether the First Secretary has visualised what he is undertaking. There will be such a torrent of letters to him and his colleagues that we can only ask whether it is intended to have a great bureaucracy or to have great delays. Probably the answer is that there will be both.
So we regard the Bill as impracticable. We believe that the Government do not have the information to judge whether and when they should move from the voluntary to the statutory system, and we do not think it possible that the Government could really assess the merits of particular price increases, because the First Secretary has asked that each should be accompanied by a mass of statistical data which would absorb the attention of an investment analyst, let alone busy Ministers.
I come now to the unfairness and contradictions in the Bill. I can dispose of 1740 the contradictions in a sentence. In one month the Government introduce the regulator and the Selective Employment Tax to increase prices and to mop up demand. In the next month they introduce the Prices and Incomes Bill, which will penalise anyone who puts prices up. What a contradiction. What Government policy!
Part IV, however, with all its iniquities, is conceived in an attempt to produce fairness. I think we can give credit to the Government for that objective. However, I ask the Government: which is the greater evil—to infuriate all the 6 million with agreements in order to comfort those without agreements; or to let those with agreements have their bargains adhered to and to ask those who have not agreements to stay longer in the queue? I can see that there could be two answers to this question, but I cannot see that the Government can establish that their answer is infallibly the right one. All we know is that either solution will produce an intolerable number of grievances among the people.
Now I come to another aspect of unfairness which has not so far been brought out. This Bill and the voluntary principle of the Bill will hit hardest at the most scrupulous of businessmen, the producer of engineering goods, each carefully specified, and each price on a price list, will be absolutely caught. Even if he wanted to avoid it, which in 99.9 cases out of 100 he will not, he would not be able to do so. Who is going to measure the exact portion of candyfloss that is served at the end of a stick? Who will gauge whether the coconuts in a coconut shy have been fastened just that shade more fixedly to their stands? I do not want to use the Prime Minister's obsolete vocabulary, but all those which are commonly regarded as the frivolous activities of the people will be those that most easily escape from either the voluntary or the compulsory freeze, whereas the people serving the export needs of this country will suffer.
I need only remind people of the consequences for the trade unions. This voluntary policy will be the apotheosis, the heyday of the militant and the martyr. Here we agree with hon. Members below the Gangway on the Government side who spoke on this matter.
1741 I now come to the question of timing. The Government laid great emphasis on the fact that the Bill lapses after 12 months. We do not doubt it. That is in the Bill. It lapses after 12 months; but the Government can legislate again. We believe that such is the clumsy touch of this Government that more evils may well beset the country and they will find it hard when the 12 months are up and will want to come to the House again for these draconic powers.
There is a further hurdle before the 12 months are up. The First Secretary is already dressing up as Santa Claus for the end of the first six months. He is promising to look kindly on the lower-paid workers. No doubt, there are other people at whom, in private conference if not in this House, he is promising to look kindly in their interests at the end of six months. There will be a flood of expectations building up for the end of the first six months. But at the end of the first six months the deflation introduced by the Government will be beginning to bite severely. Will there be a will to increase wages when the time comes? Even if the First Secretary decides that it is consistent with the national interest for him to wave the magic wand, will he find employers, in the new deflation introduced by this Government, so ready as they have been up to now? The economy seems to lurch from crisis to crisis. We have doubts whether the Government will catch up sufficiently under control to be able to avoid coming back to the House in 12 months for further new powers.
It is a sad commentary that the First Secretary, even himself, cannot pretend to look 12 months ahead. He has had the honesty not to try to tell us what the state of play will be in 12 months. Yet the same right hon. Gentleman is going to make another National Plan for the next five years.
We believe this is an evil and an unnecessary Bill, and I hope the Under-Secretary, if he has misinterpreted the solid series of votes that this side of the House cast against all stages of the Bill except Part I, will not misinterpret what I am now saying. Had the Government acted earlier to deflate far less severely than they now have, the economy would have been far healthier and the Bill would not have been required.
1742 We have been told that the Bill is an alternative to deflation. The country has got deflation. Government spokesmen try to pretend that we want more deflation in place of this Bill. That is untrue. We do not. We wanted less deflation than the Prime Minister has inflicted on the country, but we wanted it sooner, when it would have been effective. Under any Government with a reasonable name for consistency and efficiency, the deflation introduced by the Prime Minister three weeks ago would have been more than enough. If the Government's creditors and the country's creditors asked for this Bill they should have been told that the Bill is not the remedy for our troubles. They could only have been told so by a Government who had performed their first duty to their citizens by getting the level of demand right. If our creditors needed to be placated, the Government should have thrown them a change of policy on steel, and not the liberties of the people.
We want a high-earnings low-cost economy. This Bill and the Government's policy are the antithesis of our needs and aims. We take no delight in the fact that we and the Labour rebels at least agree in hating the Bill, because we agree in so little else. The Labour rebels' paradise is full of controls, and their proposals would waste and ravage what prosperity this country has. They would tie up enterprise in shackles and divide a wealth that would dwindle and not grow. The Government should know better. They should know that enterprise, investment and choice are the life blood of this country. That is why we condemn this Bill, except Part I, so absolutely. It will achieve nothing that their own deflation, excessive and belated though it was, will bring about. We pray that the Government will never activate the infamous Part IV. There can be no doubt that they know the views of all parts of the House on this part of the Bill. If the Government have, as we believe, put the country into so desperate a plight that foreign advice has to be accepted, however unsuitable and intolerable, the sooner the Government go the better.
§ Mr. J. Grimond (Orkney and Shetland)
The Government have told us this afternoon that they regret the necessity for 1743 this Bill. So, I should hope, they do. It is incredible to me that as mild a word as "regret" should be used about a Bill which carries a description opposite Clause 30 which reads: Authority for employers to disregard pay increases in existing contracts. Then the Government went on to say that it had been fully discussed. So it is quite sufficient to have 25 Members of this House sitting all night in an upstairs Committee room and then to say that it is an adequate forum for removing from people liberties which no other Government have ever thought of touching in peace or war. I wonder what the Minister thinks the House of Commons is for. Perhaps he thinks that the whole assembly could be reduced to 25 people and that they could sit through the night in a Committee room upstairs considering whatever business the Government like to put before them.
In any case, is it a good thing that the Government should regret it? Is it a virtue on the part of the Government that they introduce an economic policy which they regret? The truth is that they now go from crisis to crisis on a purely tactical exercise with no long-term economic strategy whatever. I for my part would make my view clear as to the general purpose which the Government claim is behind this Bill. I certainly regard inflation as serious. It may so far have been contained for many people to a degree which is tolerable, but for many other people it is already intolerable. Many of the people who suffer from it most are the most deserving members of the community. Further, it has made the economy extremely difficult to manage. Should it accelerate, it might turn into a general distrust of money and we could have an unmanageable situation such as has not been unknown in Europe in the last 40 or 50 years.
Further, I regard it as serious that there has been a steady decline in the position of this country relative to the rest of the world. The Prime Minister used to be a great one for quoting the league tables. He must now be haunted by his own speeches, when he considers that under his leadership we have dropped entirely out of the top division altogether and are now fifteenth in the world for output per man.
1744 Certainly we need a policy which will check inflation, as well as a policy to increase productivity. We need a policy to relate incomes more closely to the goods and services available. But our case is that this cannot be done by the incomes and prices policy of the sort attempted under this Bill. The Government themselves never thought that it could be done in this way. As the right hon. Member for Leeds, North-East (Sir K. Joseph) said, they told us at one time that the Bill would be the alternative to deflation, but now we have both.
What is the position of the National Board for Prices and Incomes? The incomes and prices policy must pull with and not against the other policies of the Government, but while calling on everyone else to restrain their expenditure the Government have increased their own. It has gone up by £1,200 million since the Labour Government took office. The Board may be able to give us some guide lines about fixing rates of remuneration in, say, the public sector, it may be able to have a marginal effect if it is moving in the same direction as the Government, but it cannot be expected to dam a running tide of inflation propagated by the Government themselves. The nationalisation of steel is extremely inflationary, and this at a moment when the Government are appealing for an all-round standstill.
What is the position of the Prices and Incomes Board now? The Bill has produced a curious pantomime monster of which the head is the First Secretary and the hind legs are Mr. Aubrey Jones. As I understand it, the Board has nothing to do with the statutory freeze which may now be enforced. This might have had something to be said for it if the Board had been used for the long-term job of working out standards and priorities in the incomes structure and doing a task of education. But it has not been used for that purpose. It has been flung into the gap again and again to stem the tide of new demands for pay increases.
This having been done, it would be more reasonable to use the Board as the instrument for deciding whether action need be taken against any increases in the six months period rather than to entrust this task, as, apparently, it will be entrusted to a heterogeneous collection of 1745 Ministers and civil servants who have no experience in the matter whatever.
One of the many impractical parts of the Bill is revealed the moment one asks who is to decide whether action is to be taken. Who is to decide whether the price of screws is to go up a .d., who is to decide whether the "Bunny" clubs are entitled to increase the pay of their bunnies, and so on? If the machinery is worked in this way, it will either employ an army of civil servants or it will become a farce. This is one of the main objections to the Bill. It might be tolerable to have a Measure which brought about such flagrant infringements of personal liberty and well established customs and standards of industrial behaviour if it was workable, but to have an unworkable Measure which does that is more than the House should tolerate.
That is by no means the only contradiction between different aspects of Government policy introduced by the Bill. In the autumn, the new graduated contributions will come in. How far are employers to be allowed to raise prices or employees to demand extra pay? As for the Selective Employment Tax, the First Secretary himself said in the Budget debate that, although he hoped that a great deal of the extra cost would be absorbed, some of it would no doubt be passed on in higher prices. What about the additional charge for petrol? What about the regulator? Are these measures intended to put prices up or to put them down? It is no good saying that the costs can all be absorbed because if they were all absorbed the purchasing power in the hands of the public would increase and the amount available for investment would decrease. We must at least give the Government credit for not having that as their policy.
What about the contradiction between freezing council tenancy rents and trying to keep down rates? It is absurd to expect local authorities to keep down rates if we do not allow them to put up rents. In Glasgow the situation has reached such a pitch that if rates go up further they will unquestionably drive employment out of the city.
The most damaging charge against the Bill is that its provisions are entirely related to the short term. In the 20 months of Labour Administration, we 1746 have never got away from the short term. It is almost admitted in the Bill that, once the 12 months period is over, it will be in order to put in the usual round of price increases and pay demands. If that happens, we shall be back to inflation as before.
There is talk in the White Paper of productivity catching up—that is the phrase—but why should it catch up? It is not catching up. It may be rising slightly, but it is not rising nearly enough, and there is nothing in the Bill to encourage productivity to rise further. On the contrary, there will be the opposite result. The effect of the freeze will almost certainly be to reduce it. This was pointed out very forcibly by the Prime Minister himself in the days when he was critical of the sort of policies he now puts into effect.
§ Mr. Grimond
I am at the moment explaining the absolute uselessness of this Bill, and that, if I may say so, is a legitimate point on Third Reading. I said earlier that I did not deny that the problems with which the Bill is supposed to deal are real problems. What I am saying—I am trying to build up a reasoned case, unlike the case to which we have so often listened recently—is that the Bill will not achieve its supposed object. This is widely accepted now not only on this side of the House but by Members on the same side as the right hon. Gentleman himself.
Does the First Secretary of State think that the Bill will increase mobility? Up to now, it has always been believed that the way to increase mobility was to offer inducements to people to move, to make it easier for them to move by having retraining schemes adequate to meet the need. But we have no such thing. It was always believed that mobility would be greater in a time of expansion, not contraction. If we have a total freeze like this, whether it be necessary or not, it must have the effect of encouraging employers and labour to dig in and remain where they are, and this will be all the more so if we hold prices level 1747 and there is a severe deflationary situation next year. It will favour the unenterprising employer and the one who hoards labour.
Furthermore, I am given the impression all the time that the Government believe that this is a battle which can be won in six or 12 months. I do not believe that for a moment. It is a long-term battle, and I deeply regret that there is in the Bill no sufficient attention to the long term. Its provisions are wholly negative. Once again we are told that these measures are the price we must pay for time. We have been told that again and again in the last ten years, that we must do something which in the short run may be damaging and unpleasant, but we shall gain time. The truth is that we have never used the time we gain, and the painful events of the past three weeks give the answer all too clearly to what has happened in the last 20 months.
Let us hope that the Bill does succeed in buying time. I suppose that everyone in the House, however critical we may be of the Government's methods, must hope that we do get inflation under control, that we get productivity agreements, that we hold the £, and that at some period this country is able to expand. I am not in the least attacking the First Secretary of State for his objectives. I attack him for his methods, which is a perfectly legitimate thing to do in the House, as he appreciates.
As I say, whatever we may feel about the chances of our buying time by the Bill, we must hope that time will be gained, but what are we to do during that time? We must not emerge from this period with a helter-skelter rush of wage demands. I think that this has been accepted by the Government. I hope very much that they will allow the Prices and Incomes Board to gel down to its proper longer-term job of working out the priorities between the demands which may arise and establishing standards by which pay rises in the public sector are to be geared. I fully agree, as I have said, that it is essential to allow productivity agreements offering higher pay for better production, but it is essential also not constantly to allow the public sector in all its forms to fall far behind, thereby making it difficult for us to recruit to the police, for instance, 1748 and creating extreme dissatisfaction in various sectors of the economy which are of great importance although not directly engaged in exporting or manufacture.
On the question of productivity, I do not believe that it is possible for the Government to conduct our affairs at the centre by trying to control every agreement, every price and every wage structure in the country. They have to decentralise it. They must keep control over the climate to ensure that their own policy is not inflationary but is geared to the general needs of the country, and then they must encourage productivity agreements to be reached industry by industry or even plant by plant. One of the faults of the present incomes policy is that it is too centralised.
Further, the Government, in matters which lie directly under their hand, must show that they intend to pursue a policy which will contain inflation not merely for a year or so but much longer. The crunch will come at the end of the current period of cuts when we may be in not only a deflationary situation ourselves but a deflationary world. What do we do then? The great danger is that we may fail to raise productivity and get back to expansion, but still have to maintain controls on prices and incomes. To me, this will be a disastrous ending to the exercise, but one cannot rule it out. Just as I hope that the Prices and Incomes Board is working out priorities, so I hope that the Government, when they can tell local authorities that there is more money to spend, will be able to give a much better direction than has been given over the last ten years about the priorities that they should be pursuing.
I finish by saying that I believe that this is a misconceived Bill. It is a Bill which, by its attack on the good faith of employers who have come to agreements with their workers, may do very long-term damage not only to Britain as an industrial nation but also to the credit of the Government themselves. That having been said, no one should be under any misapprehension about the need for the country to take steps to deal with inflation, raise productivity and improve industrial relations. If we are to have any hope for the future, we must soon have from the Government a much clearer and more convincing account of their 1749 long-term strategy than we have had up to now.
§ Dame Irene Ward (Tynemouth)
The speech of my right hon. Friend the Member for Leeds, North-East (Sir. K. Joseph) magnificently and adequately expressed my own views about the Bill and I need not add anything, although I want to ask one or two specific questions for clarification and enlightenment.
I am sorry that the Under-Secretary did not see fit to give way to me. I would never bear him any malice for that, because I think that he is very young and I think that his political success has come a little too quickly. When he has lived a little longer and knows a little more about industrial problems, he will improve. I often disagree with right hon. and hon. Members opposite, but the way in which the hon. Gentleman dealt with the traditions of the trade union movement and the way in which the words tripped so eloquently and quickly from his lips showed that he did not know very much about the struggles of the past.
He will never be the success that he probably thinks he will be if he does not learn a little more about some of the motives to be found in the speeches of hon and right hon. Members on both sides of the House, whether one agrees with them or not. One has to accept tradition and one has to pay respect to tradition. Having struggled a long time in my part of the world, I think that perhaps I know a little more about the difficulties of ordinary people than the hon. Gentleman does. However, I bear him no malice, because I think that he will learn.
He spoke of the problem, and a serious problem it is, of the lower-paid workers. There are many lower-paid workers, as we very well know. I did not expect the suggestion which I intended to make would be of any benefit to the hon. Gentleman, but when we have the opportunity we ought to pool our 1755 ideas, whether they come from my side of the House, or from any of the divisions on the other side.
As the hon. Gentleman rightly said, it is difficult to define lower-paid workers, but there is one category which can be easily defined. It is only a very small section of the problem, but there are about 200,000 people who are excused paying National Insurance contributions because their incomes are too small to carry the burden. That might be the category from which the Department which the hon. Gentleman serves so well might proceed in order to try to find a solution to this problem. Coming from the part of the country which I represent, it is with great regret that I have to say that it will be those who can least afford to meet the obligations of the Bill who will be dealt with most hardly. That is why I disliked the slick attitude of the hon. Gentleman, because he does not know very much about lower-paid workers or people who live on small fixed incomes.
I did not serve on the famous Committee. I am sorry about that, because I would have liked the fight. However, I sat here most of last night and listened to most of the debates on the Bill, particularly on Part IV. What is to happen to that section of the community who are not to be allowed wage and salary increases to be put into operation at the expected time? I am thinking of the railwaymen and policemen as examples of a whole list. They will be badly hit by the Bill. What will be their position when the time comes to implement wage agreements for which a hard fight has been won?
How will their pension position be affected? I asked a Question about this the other day when I asked whether their pension position would be safeguarded. The deferment of wages and salaries for six or 12 months is reflected in pensions, and I asked whether that aspect of the situation would be protected. I was very perturbed to find that the answer was "No". I cannot believe that that was the whole answer. If it was, will have to co-operate in the national interest for the rest of their lives. I cannot think that that would be a fair those who co-operate in the national interest and whose pensions are affected 1756 interpretation of a fair share of the burden of co-operating in the national interest.
There may have been another explanation which I have not heard, but if what I was told reflects the true position, then it should be put on the record so that everybody who reads the debate, not least the trade union representatives of those who will be affected by the deferment of increases, will know exactly what the position is. For instance, the pension of a doctor reflects the amount of time he has spent in the National Health Service and the amount of pay which he has received.
It is absolutely essential that we should have this point clarified. There is also the matter of increments. There are various categories of people who receive yearly increments added to their salaries or wages. Will those people be allowed to accept the increments, or are these frozen, too? A great many people would like to know this. It is not only these people who are affected, but all of those who receive annual increments. Will they be paid or not? It may have been made perfectly clear, but I have never heard it being so made and it is very important that it should be.
Last night an hon. Gentleman opposite made an intervention during the speech of a Front Bench spokesman, who said that the hon. Member's point would be dealt with. I have tried to find the reference in HANSARD, but I am unable to do so because HANSARD only goes up to half-past ten in the evening. I listened to the right hon. Gentleman when he wound up, but I did not hear any reference to the point raised by the intervention. At four o'clock in the morning it is easy to miss something, but I would like to know the answer to this question, which dealt with the position of the public service pensioners and those who come under the Royal Warrant—Service pensioners, officers and other ranks. These are people who have already served their country.
I noticed that when we entered on the final discussion of this Bill the right hon. Lady the Minister of Social Security said that there was going to be no hold-up over the wage-related benefits. Everyone was very glad about this, but that only refers to those who are in employment, although a lot of these will be deprived 1757 of it when deflation sets in and the target figure of unemployment which the Government have set has been reached. What will be the position of a public service pensioner and those who are covered by the Royal Warrant? Although there are some who have a better pension than others, the vast majority of them are very badly-off indeed. I hope that the right hon. Gentleman, who I always find is a very sympathetic character and who, I think, knows a great deal more about life than his Parliamentary Secretary, will be able to answer this question.
I hope that he is not going to say, as has been said by Governments of both Parties, that the best that can be done for these people is to curb inflation. That is true, but one can curb inflation for those with higher wages and higher incomes, and one can curb inflation for people who have not got enough to live on anyhow. I want to know whether these people have to wait indefinitely. I have noted the intervention made by the right hon. Gentleman about nurses. That is something else which he has just thrown off the cuff. The nurses had the thick end of the original pay pause. I admit that because I addressed them at the Albert Hall, when I spoke in support of them. I do not always agree with my own Government. Why should I? I am free, much "freer than the Under-Secretary. From the way the right hon. Gentleman made his intervention about the nurses, one would have thought that we would have been able to solve the whole problem. I hope that he is not thinking that he is going to solve the problem, because it will be very hard on the nurses if he is.
The Government have imposed enormous burdens on the Royal College of Nursing, the General Council of Nursing and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapists through the S.E.T. These are all bodies which serve the public devotedly. It is all very well when it suits the right hon. Gentleman to throw out these words, but he did not convince his own Cabinet of the need to support these bodies. He has made them pay, so let us have no more argument from the right hon. Gentleman about what the Conservatives did about the nurses. What we did—[Interruption.] It is no good trying to do this, What we did for the country was to give it a much better position, without 1758 imposing increased taxation or curtailing liberty. There is no argument about that at all. [Interruption.] Hon. Gentlemen opposite mumur away like a lot of horses snorting in horse-boxes.
I am asking the right hon. Gentleman, when he winds up, to deal with the points that I have raised about those who are dependent on their pensions and their increments for preserving their living standards, because they have to meet inflation. I want to know how these people are to be affected. All I can say is that I hope I shall live long enough so that in about six months or twelve months' time I shall be able to challenge the Treasury Bench, speaking with many of the facts produced so excellently by my right hon. Friend, and hear it say that it wished that it had taken my advice at the appropriate time.
§ Mr. Michael Foot (Ebbw Vale)
I will try to speak for a very few minutes, because I understand that many of my hon. Friends wish to contribute to the debate.
Since one of my own principal objections to the Bill was that I did not believe that the House had been provided with a proper opportunity for debating the essential Part IV, it is only fair to acknowledge that the debate which we had on many of these provisions on Report is one which hon. Members will agree was a full and extensive debate and one of the best debates that I have heard in the House. It is a small mercy which the Government have given us that they listened with great patience to what we had to say on that occasion, and certainly I acknowledge that fact.
1772 However, my objection on that score still remains. The exclusion of a Second Reading debate on Part IV of the Bill means that the House is deprived of doing exactly what my hon. Friend the Under-Secretary said that he wanted it to do; that is, to state our alternatives. Some of us have a whole list of alternatives to this Measure which we would have wished to discuss as an alternative set of propositions for dealing with the country's difficulties, but we were denied the right to do so by the choice of the Government.
Secondly, there is a most curious feature of the Bill. As far as I can recall, it is the only Bill I have ever heard presented which is recommended chiefly on the ground that its principal features will never be applied. That is an astonishing proposition. I am sure that it is sincerely made. My right hon. Friend says that he wishes to carry out all these measures by voluntary means. The method he adopts to carry it through by voluntary means, however, is government by minatory exhortation and that is not a good way of governing. Minatory exhortation, whatever it may be, is not the same thing as the purposeful planning which I thought we were elected to execute.
My right hon. Friend says that his purpose and desire is to carry through these propositions by voluntary means, but he is still introducing, as an addition to the original Bill, a whole series of further measures and the House must consider the possibilities of those measures being put into operation and the consequences if all the eventualities foreseen by the Government were to develop. It is when we look at these consequences that many of us find the strongest objections.
We had deep objection to the proposition in the original Bill that certain penalties could be imposed upon trade unionists for activities they might carry out. But the offences for which these penalties can be applied have been greatly extended by Part IV. I have given a specific example before and I apply it now but in slightly different terms. It is the case of the railwaymen.
My right hon. Friend says that he hopes to carry out this Measure by voluntary means. But is the withholding of a wage increase from the railwaymen a 1773 voluntary act? It is not voluntary on their part. If we asked them, they would say, "Let us have it". Indeed, I have a message from the National Executive of the N.U.R. supporting what I have said. The Government are, presumably, saying to British Railways that it must not pay. That is not a voluntary act for those who will not get the money.
Already, there are features of compulsion in the Bill although my right hon. Friend says that he wants to rely on voluntary means. Presumably, the sanction is that if British Railways paid what it is committed to pay under bargain to the rail way men, or if the railway men accept the increase, my right hon. Friend would invoke his powers and recall Parliament to put into operation the sanctions contained in the Bill.
In that sense, although I am sure that my right hon. Friend is sincere in wishing the Measure to be carried through voluntarily, the element of compulsion is already present and is applied in circumstances and with results which to me are highly objectionable. The most serious feature of the Bill is the broken bargains, the broken promises to the railwaymen and many others. Once we break bargains we will not be able to make such bargains so readily or advantageously for the community in future. In any case, we have no right to break these bargains and Parliament should not be a party to it. Yet that is what we are doing, and I object.
The proposition that the House should agree under a wage freeze to break bargains with the railwaymen and others involved, totalling about 6 million workers—[An HON. MEMBER: "Including the doctors."] I include doctors among these workers—has never been accepted by any representative body of the Labour movement either within or without this House. It was never put to the electorate at the General Election. Had it been, most of us would have strongly repudiated it. When the right hon. and learned Member for Wirral (Mr. Selwyn Lloyd) implicated the then Government in the breach of such bargains, my right hon. Friend and the rest of the Labour Party protested most strongly. So now I protest on the same ground that the objections were made in 1961.
What makes my heart sink most about the policies which the Government are 1774 following is that we are embarked on a deep, savage and, I fear, long-term deflation in defiance of all the doctrines that we have preached about the proper measures for dealing with our economic difficulties. On all previous occasions when Governments have embarked on deflationary measures, one of the remedies has been that the increases in wages prevented the worst effects of the deflation. That happened in 1961 and 1957 and on earlier occasions. But not on this occasion.
If the Government are successful in carrying through the wage standstill successfully they will be depriving themselves of the kind of protection against the worst effects of deflation which have operated on previous occasions. I am bitterly sorry to see a Labour Government embarked on a course upon which I never thought to see it embark. We are on the wrong course. Some of us have tried to get this through to the Government and maybe some members of the Government themselves may think that we are on the wrong course. We want to get them on to a different course.
I cannot expatiate on alternative measures which can be taken, but they are available. Solutions are within our grasp. We can have full economic independence if we have the courage and determination to grasp it. But this Measure will not secure it for us. Speaking for myself, I find this proposition of the Government deeply objectionable, partly because of the essence of the Measure and partly because of the manner in which it has been presented for my approval. The Government have, in effect, thrown it at me and said, "Gulp this down, or else". But I am not prepared to do it.
I do not believe that if I did I would be properly discharging my obligations to those who sent me here. In my belief, my primary concern as an M.P. must be, in the open, on the Floor of the House, to discharge as best I can the obligations I have to those who sent me here. I am sure that all members of the Government are seeking to discharge their responsibilities as best they can—I make no accusation against their motives or intentions. But I demand the same right to be able to say and speak and vote in the House according to what I believe to be right for the nation and in conformity 1775 with the undertakings and policies I declared at the General Election.
I do not believe that it is good for the health of politics that politicians should stand on their heads and pretend that they are doing nothing of the sort. Politicians must say in the House what they say in the country, and that is what I propose to try and do to the best of my ability.
§ Mr. Maurice Macmillan (Farnham)
It is a pleasure for me to speak following the hon. Member for Ebbw Vale (Mr. Michael Foot), particularly since he finds himself in this debate in a similar position to that in which I found myself in 1961. I have been induced to intervene having listened to the speeches of a number of hon. Gentlemen opposite. Their arguments—and I refer to the remarks of many hon. Gentlemen opposite, and not only those from below the Gangway—and the arguments adduced from the Treasury Bench have strengthened my conviction that this is a bad and dangerous Bill.
The Measure is bad for the country and dangerous to liberty. In the manner in which it is being brought before Parliament, it is derogatory to the whole concept of parliamentary government. It is bad and dangerous not only because of what it will do now, but because of the implications it has for the future, for the Government are giving themselves and any future Administration, by the Bill, the Industrial Reorganisation Bill and parts of the Iron and Steel Bill greater economic powers and greater powers of potential direction than any previous Government in Britain have ever taken, in time of peace or, I believe, in war.
The Bill is also bad and dangerous because, as the right hon. Gentleman the Leader of the Liberal Party pointed out there is no prospect of productivity catching up, to use one of the First Secretary's phrases. And, as usual with this Government there is nothing in the Bill except for the short-term, along with their usual willingness to sacrifice our long-term prospects for a superficial and doubtful short-term gain. The country will, therefore, depend on a degree of governmental 1776 control and persuasion which, I believe, is totally unworkable.
The Bill is bad and dangerous at this moment and for the immediate future because the Government have slid into a sort of neo-syndicalist policy, both in their economic and political approach, for they are prepared to damage liberty and harm industrial relations by trying to induce trade unionists to cut their own throats and, if they refuse the knife, to force it into the hands of management.
In what I admit was a wonderful, almost convincing, speech yesterday, the First Secretary really only made my case stronger. He admitted that his previous policy for voluntary incomes restraint had failed—failed as it did in the days of Sir Stafford Cripps and Mr. Dalton, who had greater apparatus of centralised control than ever before—that is, until this Measure was introduced. Indeed, it did not even have the limited success which the Day pause of my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Wirral (Mr. Selwyn Lloyd) had.
Sometimes, when listening to the First Secretary, I thought that the voice was that of Belper but the words were those of Wirral. I attacked them in 1961, but at least my right hon. and learned Friend achieved a limited degree of success, which is more than this policy has any hope of doing. Now the First Secretary still hopes that a voluntary policy will succeed. But how can a policy be described as truly voluntary if, behind it, is the threat which we are being asked to put into the Bill and which the right hon. Gentleman is seeking to disguise as an appeal to the national interest?
The First Secretary calls it a "national emergency". It is, in fact, a situation created by a Government who lacked the courage to act in time, who refused even to consider the smallest restraint of demand and who are now faced with a degree of deflation which makes the deflation policy of my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Wirral look like a modest and minor effort indeed. In this emergency, which the First Secretary has himself helped to create, the right hon. Gentleman is hoping to force people other than the Government to accept the main responsibility for the action that is needed.
1777 Not least of the dangers in the Bill is the political danger. The Government are shelving their proper responsibility while seeking, at the same time, to increase their powers. They are disclaiming in advance the blame for any failure on the part of those on whom they are seeking to place this responsibility. According to the Government, the T.U.C. and the C.B.I., the trade unionists must create the conditions in which a voluntary policy will work—and if they do not do that, then it will be their fault that compulsion is introduced—remembering that it will be introduced if necessary, regardless of its effect on industrial relations.
On the T.U.C. and the C.B.I., according to the Government, will rest the main responsibility for implementing stage two of this policy, regardless of the effect that will have, the conflict of loyalties and the almost intolerable position in which it will place both management and labour. The issues are blurred by the Government's attempt to create a sort of false consensus of opinion, and it means that the incomes policy is becoming less under the control of the Government while the penalties are there for those to whom they have passed this responsibility.
No wonder Parliament is declining in importance in the eyes of the country when we see the contempt of Parliamentary procedure and practice—contempt of the rights of hon. Members—which the Bill, especially Part IV of it, entails. This is a pretence at policy; trying to justify a centralisation of power which is irrelevant and dangerous and which will not even work as well as Danegeld worked. The greatest threat of all is the threat to liberty and, in threatening liberty, there is no doubt that the unions and workpeople in combination will be affected the most.
It is no good the Under-Secretary saying that a prices and incomes policy is just as important as the conventions established in a previous era. What were those conventions? They represented the absolute freedom to bargain; the right to sell or withhold one's labour. These are fundamental rights in this country and the sole basis on which a system of free enterprise can be erected. The private sector of our free enterprise economy can, no 1778 doubt, survive any attempts by the Government at price fixing or dividend limitation, but not without causing damage to investment and distorting the capital market. It is bound to have some evil effects, although it will not go to the root problems we face in our system of free choice which depends on the effort and reward of individuals. This attempt to interfere with the most fundamental rights of free men to sell or withhold their labour is bound to have evil effects.
The hon. Member for Poplar (Mr. Mikardo) and the hon. Member for Ebbw Vale made it clear—and, without appearing to be impertinent, I believe they are right—that there is a case for having some greater control than I would like to see if there is to be a centralised economy, with control of wages, in a centrally planned Socialist economy. However, the hon. Member for Poplar pointed out that that was intolerable in a market economy, and he was right. No one would seek to argue that in the great trade union movement there is not implied a responsibility on those unions in this matter. If Britain and the union movement is to survive, the unions must co-operate to a reasonable degree with management and Government.
I still think that when it comes to restrictive practices it is the primary responsibility of management to cope with the situation that we now have, no matter how it may have arisen. That is what those in management are hired to do. But how can they do it if the Government are to forbid them to buy the rule book? Why should people accept the dislocation of modernisation, and give up the soft option of protection for higher productivity if there is no benefit for them now or in the future?
I have no doubt that the First Secretary's voluntary system is the end of the effectiveness of the free-choice economy, that it cripples investment—and all for nothing, because in the end it will lead only to stagnation and, I fear, unemployment, especially if we are moving to a more deflationary situation in the world as a whole.
If I may say so, I thought that the hon. Member for Rhondda, West (Mr. Iorwerth Thomas) showed some of the same illusions that have already corrupted clear thinking on both sides of 1779 the House, and have done even in the past: that the only alternative to a bad policy is to let things stand as they are. It is not. As the hon. Member said, one could put forward a perfectly good policy—though not in this debate. Although I agree with what the hon. Gentleman had to say this time, I do not suppose that our ideas of a suitable policy to get the country out of its difficulty would be precisely the same.
In 1961, I begged the then Chancellor of the Exchequer not to take short-term measures that damaged our long-term prospects. I fear that it is now too late to plead with the First Secretary, who has even forgotten his own child's first name; he referred to his prices and incomes policy, and left out productivity until reminded of it from this side of the House. The position is not improved by the Under-Secretary's rather patronising reference and comparatively short attention to expansion or productivity as against his emphasis on restraint.
We on this side can argue a strong case for the free-enterprise system, and there is a wrong but equally powerful intellectual argument for the sort of State socialism recommended by the hon. Member for Poplar, but there is nothing to be said for this bastard brand of State capitalism and centralised control which the First Secretary is putting forward, and which has nothing but restriction. There is nothing about incentives and investment—only negative thinking.
Lip service is paid to people's standard of living, but so little is said about raising it, and so little is said about opportunity. It is not Part IV that I resent so much as the rigidity of the ideas in the rest of the Bill, the lack of clarity about what we do when we start up again. There may be priorities in taking off restriction, but nothing is said about how we are to increase the effort or stop the freeze, and nothing about where we go from here.
I was, perhaps, a little unkind in 1961 to my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Wirral. The words I used about the then Government were harsh, but many hon. Members would agree that, applied to the present Government, they are a gross understatement. I then said: 1780 … I do not believe they have.. a definite idea of what their objective should be. We all accept the need for occasionally turning off the main road and, so to speak, making a detour because of necessity and then coming back when we can to the main road, but the Government are wandering about in the highways and byways and lanes without even knowing where the main road is."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 6th February, 1961; Vol. 634, c. 89.] The presentation of this Bill, and the manner of its presentation, have made that clearer to the House and, I hope, to the country than anything that the present Government have yet done.
§ Mr. Peter Hordern (Horsham)
I am sure that the hon. Member for Glasgow, Provan (Mr. Hugh D. Brown) will forgive me if I do not follow him too closely, particularly in his criticisms of economists, because my hon. Friend the Member for Worthing (Mr. Higgins) is an economist and he is to wind up the debate on behalf of the Opposition. My hon. Friend is well able to defend himself.
1785 The Bill marks the end of confidence in the Government's credibility both at home and abroad, for the stronger the powers they take—they are very considerable powers in Part IV—the less confidence they engender in their capacity to control the economy. It also marks, although this is not such an important point, the end of a myth held by the Labour Party, namely, that it can, by planning, by talk of collusion or consultation with both sides of industry, avoid any semblance of stop-go. This is how the Prime Minister described it on so many occasions in glittering phraseology. For 13 years, while the Labour Party was in Opposition, Labour Members held this myth very true and very dear to their hearts, that it was possible by planning—by purposive planning, whatever the adjective was which was used at that time—to avoid the series of stop-go that every economy in the free world had experienced. This was the idea that Labour Members had had very firmly implanted in their own minds by the Prime Minister himself.
This is the end of that myth. It is the end of a period of 13 years of fractious and irresponsible opposition led by the Prime Minister when he was Leader of the Opposition. Hon. Members opposite now know that the whole rationale behind their so-called policies has completely disappeared. The promised land of the Prime Minister has turned out to be nothing more than a mirage. Labour Members know that for them things will never be quite the same again. So much for the Labour Party.
The economy will perhaps never be quite the same again so long as this Labour Government are in power. Hon. Members opposite know that they are now adopting measures in the Bill—or proposing to adopt measures, if Part IV should be invoked—which every Labour Member must have described at the election as Tory Measures. There have never been so many conversions since the early days of Christianity, nor quite so quickly.
What is more important is that hon. Members opposite are now beginning—or at least the Treasury Bench is beginning—to wake up to the reality of the situation into which they have pitched the country. It is against this sombre background that 1786 we must now view the Bill, and in particular Part IV.
What are the circumstances against which the Bill will operate? We on this side recall very well that before the election the Chancellor of the Exchequer spoke in terms of no severe increases in taxation. We recall how the Chancellor aimed at three objectives in his first post-election Budget, when he introduced the Selective Employment Tax as an alternative to hire-purchase controls and the regulator. Now, as the House knows, we have both those things.
One objective was growing industrial strength. We now have stagnant production and an actual decline in the rate of investment. Full employment was another objective. Now the Prime Minister has said that a rate of 1.6 per cent. is acceptable—that is, 480,000 unemployed.
The Chancellor's third objective was a strong £. Sterling is now constantly at the support level and War Loan is at its lowest level ever. It is no wonder that the Chancellor is looking with hungry eyes at the Foreign Office. As far as one can judge, the sooner he is off on some form of trade delegation to South America the better.
The Bill must be considered against the background of the Chancellor's and the Government's refusal to regulate the level of demand. This is why the Bill has had to be introduced. The Government no longer has the status to call for voluntary agreements. In any case, a voluntary wage freeze cannot work with unemployment at its present level. In Committee we were told that 6 million workers—that is, one-quarter of the labour force—have some form of contract of employment. Yesterday, the First Secretary expressed the hope that there would be voluntary restraint; he hoped that both sides would, in the period of voluntary restraint, consult and agree to defer increases which have been awarded under a contract signed between employer and employee. The First Secretary expressed the hope that the employee would postpone his right to his side of the contract.
I do not suppose that the trade unions have missed the replies which were made and the further questions which were then posed to the First Secretary. We asked what would happen in the event of an employee suing his employer at that stage? The First Secretary said that in 1787 that event the employer must pay up in order that he should not be found liable to legal action. This was the only thing the First Secretary could say.
Therefore, with 6 million workers involved, what real chance is there of a voluntary system working, when a trade union has only to threaten legal action for employers—quite rightly, according to the First Secretary—to say straight way, "We must honour our legal obligations"? This is quite apart from the points which have been made about the sanctity of contracts entered into by individuals, a matter where the Government have no right to interpose themselves.
From a practical point of view, is it right that the economy should be so frozen and, as it were, put into a deep freeze? Is it right—is it possible—in this present state of full employment, to prevent firms from offering inducements in kind, not necessarily in wages, to other workers to draw them into their factories where they can perhaps use them better? Is it right that trade union leaders should be asked not to do what they were elected by their own members to do? We on this side do not think that it is right.
I believe that Part IV will have to be introduced. It will have to be introduced at the very time when unemployment will begin to rise.
Although I do not think that the voluntary part of the Bill will work at all, there will nevertheless be some effect on the level of prices. Because the level of prices will perhaps be moderately reduced from what it would otherwise have been had there been no price freeze, it will undoubtedly have an effect on the total level of investment.
I believe that that is why the First Secretary tendered his resignation. It was not just because he saw that the framework of the National Plan was to be demolished, but because he saw what the trend of investment was likely to be. The impact, if a price freeze should actually work, is likely to be even worse than the right hon. Gentleman feared. Because it will work pretty quickly, the effect on profits will be such that there will not be any money available for investment.
Therefore, the effect of Part IV, which in my view will have to be invoked, will 1788 begin to be felt precisely at the time when firms are already reducing their investment plans. Therefore, Part IV will take effect at the worst possible time.
We on this side want to be sure that the price freeze, if it is to work voluntarily, will at least be operated voluntarily by the nationalised industries, too. Can the Under-Secretary explain why the South-West Gas Board, in an announcement dated 29th July——
§ Mr. John Biffen (Oswestry)
The hon. Member for Derbyshire, South-East (Mr. Park) has made a powerful contribution to the debate this evening as he did on Second Reading. I was in the Chamber for the Second Reading of the Bill and I enjoyed his speech then and was even accused by one of his hon. Friends of nodding in agreement with much of what the hon. Gentleman said. I did not nod in much agreement with the second half of his contribution this evening, but by rather different methods we may have arrived at limited agreement in our conclusions.
What interested me very much about the hon. Member's speech was that coming at what is normally a dead hour in a debate, at twenty minutes past eight on the Third Reading of a Bill at this stage of the Parliamentary year, there was an extraordinary number of Members in the Chamber to hear it. That is Parliament's way of expressing its conviction that this is one of the most important 1802 Bills likely to come before the House during this Session. This is Parliament's way of asserting that it agrees that an incomes policy is central to the Government's entire economic policy and that the Bill is the legislative embodiment of that incomes policy.
At the outset, it is necessary to define one or two terms, because the expression "incomes policy" has been thrown around fairly liberally. Last night, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour, the hon. Lady the Member for Hitchin (Mrs. Shirley Williams), speaking with the enthusiasm of a detergent salesman saying that no decent household was without one, said that not one industrial community in the Western world was without an incomes policy. That statement needs examination.
The hon. Lady quoted the Three Wise Men, as they were in the days of Mr. Peter Thorneycroft, and the example of Germany. This is a novel interpretation as to what constitutes an incomes policy because what goes on in Germany and what was provided by the Three Wise Men is in no sense consistent with what we see as the developing policy that reaches its culmination in this Bill. Whereas many of us may support bodies which seek to illumine and inform us on the workings of a complex modern industrial society, and we argued in that light on Part I of the Bill, the real nature of a Labour incomes policy is that it seeks to give to a central power the capability of identifying, and of selecting and then instructing.
That is what the Bill is all about and that is why there is repeatedly reference to the Secretary of State; "The Secretary of State and another Minister acting jointly may refer …"; or "The Secretary of State may by order apply this section …" The whole of Part II, Clauses 7 to 8, is concerned to give to a central power, to the First Secretary of State and those who are associated with him, a limited power of price and income control. There can be no doubt about this and my hon. Friend the Member for Rutland and Stamford (Mr. Kenneth Lewis) must take all of this into account, because I agree with the hon. Member for Lewisham, North (Mr. Moyle) when he said that in certain instances Part IV and Part II were not altogether dissimilar.
1803 In both instances, they seek to give to the First Secretary certain powers of intervention. There are penalty Clauses, arising from failure to carry out parts of the Bill. There were other very considerable differences between the parts, but there are certain similarities. My fear is that we are only seeing the beginning of this process. At the moment, the provisions of the Bill lay down a four-month standstill, a four-month price and income control. This is made up of one month during which the price or income is notified to the First Secretary so that he may decide what he is going to do, and three months thereafter while it is with the Prices and Incomes Board. There are already signs that this will drift into something much more than a four-month standstill. Many of our discussions, upstairs and here, on Report, have been concerned with mortgages.
I would like to remind the House of what the Minister of Housing and Local Government said yesterday. He said: In the Government's view, the national interest will best be served if increases in interest rates notified to existing borrowers, but not yet effective, are not implemented until the National Board for Prices and Incomes has reported on this subject. This report should be available towards the middle of October."—[OFFICIAL REPORT, 9th August, 1966; Vol. 733, c. 1396.] What the Minister is suggesting is not that the price should be fixed, controlled, until three months after the reference to the Board, but until the Board has reported. The reference was made on 20th May and three months afterwards will be 20th August. We are now informed that the report is not likely to be available until mid-October.
Very well, today it is the building societies, today it is someone in the dock who, in a sense, is a fairly obvious object of political pillory. But the time will come when it will be a manufacturer, the time will come when it will be a trade union leader—doubtless a small group of trade union leaders, perhaps politically motivated and tightly-knit. I have no doubt on the existing evidence of the way that the Government has behaved that what is good for the Minister of Housing and Local Government with the building societies today can be good over a much wider range of 1804 manufacturers and trade union leaders in the months to come.
Because this incomes policy is discriminatory and interventionist and is acknowledged to be such by Members on the Treasury Bench and by supporters such as the hon. Member for Lewisham, North, it is not just going to be concerned with fact-finding. It will want to look for sub-contractors.
There is nothing in the Bill which leads us to believe that the administrative machine is anything like capable of dealing with the quantity of price notification and income notification that will come its way. Therefore, it will seek, naturally, to operate through bodies like the T.U.C. and the C.B.I.
I ask the House to consider the implications in Clause 16, as it affects incomes increases. If this is to be operated substantially through available organisations, what I would call die sub-contracting agencies, which must be the trade unions, then one must take note of the fact that less than 50 per cent. of workers are members of unions. If one is in a union one will feel that one is much more likely to be affected by the incomes policy than a fellow worker who is non-unionised. This is a perfectly natural conclusion and reaction to provisions of this kind.
Within the whole spectrum of employment incomes it is bound to touch the wage-earner more than the salary-earner. I say this, again on the same question of organisation, and I have a little evidence to support this. From the Census of Population I have a calculation that 31 per cent. of those receiving employment incomes were salary-earners. I asked the Ministry of Labour if I could be told the figures known to it of salary and wage-earners who had received increases of income during 1965.
The figures given, when broken down, reveal that of the total number known to the Ministry to have received increases, only 11 per cent. referred to salary-earners. No one in the House believes for a moment that the salary-earners have not been receiving rates of increase any less than wage-earners. It is widely known that they are in step. Yet we know that there are roughly 30 per cent. of salary-earners as a percentage of total employment incomes and only 11 per cent. are known to have received increases.
1805 On the simple question of practicability, the way in which this will be administered, it is bound to be seen to be likely to affect wage-earners rather than salary-earners. This is particularly true of Clause 4. When I hear talk about social justice being enshrined in the operation of Part IV of this Bill I begin to have very serious doubts. I talked to one employer and his reaction was, "I suppose that this covers centrally negotiated wages?" I said, "No, it covers everything." He said, "We are going to have very great difficulty in keeping our key salaried staff, They are the people going off to America and we cannot afford to see them go. The cost of replacement of these people is considerable."
Make no mistake, while Part IV may be invoked successfully against people in the £15 to £25 bracket, above that range the sheer market forces will still operate, whatever may be said. To suggest otherwise is to delude the House. The railwayman who finds he is not to get his 3½ per cent. increase cannot "up sticks" and practise his skills in North America. But this is undoubtedly true of many professional people on contracts with salaries of £2,000, £3,000, £4,000, £5,000 and more a year. That is the reality of the situation. I only ask that we accept it and realise it. It is not right that the House should be told that social justice will be protected by the operation of Part IV.
I turn to the operation of the Clauses relating to prices. Prices affecting goods are much more readily known that prices affecting services. This is a sheer administrative factor. The Government will know much more about price movements of physical goods than they know about the price movements of services. Much of the argument we have heard about the Selective Employment Tax relationship between services and manufacturing industry will be inverted. It will be stood on its head in the next few months and under the longer term provisions of Part II.
The argument which I have sought to deploy substantiates the almost pedantic concern which a number of my hon. Friends and myself have expressed about Government statistics over the past few months. The whole purpose was merely 1806 to demonstrate that once we place these levers of power in Whitehall to be pulled by the First Secretary, or whoever the Minister might be, the information available is the real point of power. Knowledge is power. Certainly, the limitations of knowledge available to the central machine reveal the limitations, arbitrariness and unfairness of this policy.
The Bill is a vindication of the scepticism expressed from these benches from the very early days of this Labour Government. The Parliamentary Secretary said, "Twenty months ago we did not think that we should have to introduce a Bill of this kind". But some of us did. We argued that there would be a drift from the voluntary system to elements of compulsion. We are not sure that we have yet come to the end of the drift. I am not sure that the Government will not after a year say, "we were blown off course". The Prime Minister, at the airport on his return from Washington, said that we had been blown a bit off course. It may take a little longer to get back on course than we realise.
The right hon. Gentleman will say, "Sacrifices are being made". I can imagine that we shall be asked perhaps not to invoke Part IV, but to adjust the standstill periods in Part II. It was said that the Government would try to operate the freeze through Part H. Then we should not had had this rubbish, almost this obscenity, about breaking contracts under Part IV. We thought that we would go a long way towards getting a freeze under Part II. This fear is still with us.
The incomes policy of the Government has been presented as an exercise in national co-operation. It is absolutely nothing of the sort. It is an exercise in Whitehall discrimination. The Bill is a greater testimony to that than any of the powerful doubts expressed by my right hon. Friend the Member for Wolverhampton, South-West (Mr. Powell). Those of us who have criticised the Bill and the policy have argued with restraint and, I hope, some degree of responsibility. But make no mistake: we regard the Bill as unacceptable under two broad and, I think, fundamental heads. First, it is a token of lawless Government, and I cannot do more than echo the words of the hon. Member for Ebbw Vale (Mr. Michael Foot). Secondly, 1807 I believe that it still represents an escape from economic realism.
No more foolish words were spoken than those uttered by Mr. Clive Jenkins, of the Association of Supervisory Staffs, Executives and Technicians, when he said that the Bill should not have been published in English because it was intended for a continental audience. No banker would care a ha'porth for the Bill; it means nothing. The hon. Member for Harrow, East (Mr. Roebuck) talked about the Bill having some effect on inflation. I do not think that that is a story which would win the heart of a single banker. He is looking at the £500 million deflation which the Prime Minister has already produced, superimposed on the many other measures. I at least have the courage of the Prime Minister's convictions. I think that deflation was necessary and should be allowed to work, but, believing that, I regard the Bill as a totally irrelevant nonsense.
§ Mr. Eric G. Varley (Chesterfield)
I hope that the hon. Member for Oswestry (Mr. Biffen) will forgive me if I do not follow him in all the details of his speech, because I wish to be brief and to put on record some of my objections to the Bill. I was not successful enough to be called on Second Reading, I did not have the honour to be a member of the Standing Committee, and I would not like the Bill to pass without at least stating briefly, probably exclusively from the trade union point of view, some of my objections to the Bill.
I have been a relatively short time in the House of Commons, and naturally from time to time Measures come before the House which require a certain amount of digesting. I have found that I could digest every piece of legislation introduced by the present Government except, possibly, for this one. No Measure has stuck in my throat more than this one. If Clause 16 and Part IV of the Bill are activated, I think that there will be considerable industrial unrest throughout the country.
Only this morning I had a letter from my constituency, from a joint shop stewards' committee, from which I would like to read an extract. It states: We have already felt the effect of this"— that is, the Bill— in our factory, as a domestic agreement signed by the shop stewards for some increases in pay for a section of our members, signed 26th June, to operate on 1st August, is now proclaimed by the management to be illegal under the terms of the new Bill. My correspondent goes on to say that managements are able to sit back and refuse everything on the plea of being loyal to the Government and that frustration and disillusionment will spread through the movement. I am assuming that the chairman of the joint shop stewards' committee was referring to the Labour movement.
1809 I know that shop stewards' committee. They are very hard bargainers. They are shrewd men. The factory in which they work is reasonably well equipped, reasonably modern and efficient. The profits are reasonably high. Labour relations have been reasonably good, and I understand—I have lived in the Chesterfield constituency all my life—that there has been no unconstitutional action at this factory. I know, however, that if the full terms of the Bill are applied, as I think that they will be, unofficial action is likely.
My right hon. Friend the First Secretary has said throughout the stages of the Bill that he hoped to maintain the voluntary system and voluntary agreement. As a consequence of these statements, some of us have watched the deliberations and reports of the Trades Union Congress. I have certainly formed the opinion—and I know this goes for quite a few of my hon. Friends—that the T.U.C. is only half-hearted about this Bill. In a phrase, we could probably say that it is acquiescing to it.
There is no doubt that in the T.U.C. there is a tremendous amount of good will for this Government. It wants the Government to succeed. Of this I am absolutely sure, as many of us on this side want them to succeed, but there are some members of the General Council, I am sure, who are not carrying their rank and file or individual unions with them on this Measure. I can think of my own union in particular. I do not think they are necessarily carrying their own members with them. There are those trade unionists, like my right hon. Friend the Member for Nuneaton (Mr. Cousins) who will have nothing at all to do with this Bill. There are many secretaries of trade unions who have said precisely the same thing, and they will refuse to cooperate.
This brings me to my point about the maintenance of the voluntary principle. What happens to the voluntary principle if it is breached by my right hon. Friend the Member for Nuneaton on behalf of the Transport and General Workers Union, or if it is breached by some other union? What happens to the loyal section of the T.U.C. General Council? What will they do? It is my view that they will probably totter along to the First Secretary and say, "Really, First Secretary, you ought to introduce the compulsory 1810 part very quickly and protect us", because I am suggesting to the House that it is very difficult for a trade union leader to tell his members to hold back on a wage claim when those very same members see people in similar occupations, and being represented by a different trade union, winning a wage award and getting the policy breached. So it is my opinion that the First Secretary will be asked in some cases to bring the compulsory part of the Bill into operation as soon as possible.
Then I think we have to ask ourselves this question, too: is it a good law? By a good law I mean one which is enforceable. I do not think this is enforceable. My mind begins to boggle when I look at some of the consequences which could arise for an individual trade unionist and certain trade unions. I was brought up, and have lived nearly all my adult life, in a mining village, and I know that in a mining village there is a tremendous amount of solidarity; they stand together in a case of industrial dispute. If the compulsory part of this Bill is put into operation and certain trade union leaders have to go to gaol or are fined as a consequence of it, there will be absolute chaos, and the Government should remember that we still need a fair bit of coal yet if we are to achieve all of our objects. I know that the coal industry, to some extent, is running down, but, nevertheless, if the Government understand this we should ask them to look at it again.
I have a great deal of respect for my right hon. Friend the First Secretary,—for his tenacity, and for his zeal, and for the method in which he tries to pursue the things in which he believes. However, I feel that this Bill is constructed in a manner which is likely to cause a great amount of industrial unrest. I hope it does not, but I think that it is highly likely that it will. It will most certainly, as my hon. Friend the Member for Derbyshire, South-East (Mr. Park) said, injure this unique Labour Party-trade union relationship, and I think that time will prove that this Bill is both unwise and unnecessary and ought not to have been introduced.
§ Sir Cyril Osborne (Louth)
I entirely agree with what the hon. Member for 1811 Chesterfield (Mr. Varley) has just said, and with the burden of his argument that the Bill will be unenforceable. On that ground alone, I think that it ought to be withdrawn. I think it fair to say that the Bill gives pleasure to nobody. No one loves it. It is a tragedy for the Labour Party, for the Labour Government, and for the whole country.
Four and a half months ago, we came back as a new Parliament, and hon. Members opposite assembled with great glee, almost equal to that in 1945, thinking that the new Jerusalem was just round the corner. Not one of them would have believed last April that a Bill of this nature would be brought into the House by their own Government. It is a greater tragedy for them than it is for us, but it is a tragedy also for the nation.
The country is asking what has gone wrong in the past four and a half short months to cause the Government to bring in a crazy Bill like this. What justification is there for it and for trying to ram down the throats of trade unionists what obviously they will not accept? The hon. Member for Glasgow, Provan (Mr. Hugh D. Brown) revealed the crisis within the crisis when he said that he was not aware that there was a crisis. He asked: why bring in a Bill like this? In his innocence, he wanted to know what is wrong with the country.
May I make three quick comments in reply to the hon. Gentleman? The Prime Minister's policy will deliberately create an unemployment figure of 460,000. That, to me, is serious. By next February, unless we are lucky, it may roll on to 1 million. The problem that we are facing is a worldwide one. There is a world deflationary wave collecting force now. In my worst moments, I feel that it could engulf us all, as it did in 1931. During the last two or three years, though no fault of their own, the Government have had to borrow about £1,200 million from abroad. Our total reserves are £1,134 million. We have not a brass farthing in the "kitty"; it is all borrowed, and in three years' time we have to repay it. We have to earn £1,200 million to keep our promise. That is the crisis. Going round the country, and talking to the men with whom I work, the problem as I see it is that they do not realise it.
1812 The charges which I bring against the Government are, first, that the Bill will not work. It has not a hope in you-know-where of working. The second charge is that the Government have never convinced all sections of the nation of the gravity of the situation. The real problem before the nation is that we are living beyond our means, and the Bill does nothing to cure that basic fault. It does nothing to increase the productivity of the nation or to increase our industrial efficiency, and those are the two things which are needed. The simple fact is that we are fooling ourselves.
Hon. Members who have been here for many years know that I have pleaded hard for a prices and incomes policy. Such a policy, on a voluntary basis, is not only necessary and just, but inevitable. It is in everyone's interest to keep prices down. However, if we are to do that, in the same way we have to keep incomes down, because the two must march together.
The policy is right, but the Government are going the wrong way about it to achieve their end. The hon. Member for Rhondda, West (Mr. Iorwerth Thomas) referred to the fear of unemployment, and the debates that we had in 1947. He quoted the circular written by the hon. Member for Ebbw Vale (Mr. Michael Foot
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Environmental Assessment list of projects since March 2000
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Comments on documents are invited from the public, addressed in writing to the Minister, or by email to EAProjectComments@gov.nl.ca and are welcome...
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Environment and Climate Change
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https://www.gov.nl.ca/ecc/env-assessment/projects-list/
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2319 Flat Bay Brook Cottage
Proponent: Chris Colson 2024-08-01 Active 2318 Argentia Renewables Project
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Proponent: Nunatsiavut Government 2023-12-18 Active 2279 Cooper Cove Marine Terminal Expansion
Proponent: Port of Argentia 2023-12-06 Released 2024-01-18 2278 Daniel’s Harbour Agriculture Development
Proponent: Shawn Perry 2023-12-05 Released 2024-01-18 2277 Charlottetown Diesel Generating Station Improvements
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2023-11-09 Released 2023-12-20 2276 Boom Siding Residential Property
Proponent: Ken and Lorraine Abbott 2023-11-09 Released 2023-12-20 2274 Maccles Lake Road Beef Farm Expansion
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Proponent: Mountain Top Cabin Ltd. 2023-09-27 Released 2023-11-09 2269 Conne River Bridge Replacement
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Proponent: Tuck's Bee Better Farm 2023-08-31 Released 2023-10-19 2265 Gander to Gambo Transmission Line 146L Rebuild
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2023-08-31 Released 2023-10-12 2264 Northwest River Bridge Replacements
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Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2023-08-22 Released 2023-09-27 2262 Valentine Gold Project Expansion – Berry Pit
Proponent: Marathon Gold Corporation 2023-08-17 Released 2023-10-27 2261 Crown Zone 6 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2024-2028)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2023-07-31 Released 2023-11-17 2260 Birchy Bay Quarry
Proponent: L&E Trucking and Excavating Ltd. 2023-07-28 Released 2024-04-26 2259 Gander Area Kingsway Property Mineral Exploration Drilling Program
New Found Gold Corp. 2023-07-27 Released 2023-09-13 2258 Happy Valley – Goose Bay Aggregate Quarry
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Proponent: Hike Placentia Inc. 2023-07-18 Released 2023-09-13 2256 CBPPL Zone 6 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2024-2028)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2023-07-18 Released 2023-11-09 2255 Stephenville Crossing Bridge Removal
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2023-07-19 Released 2023-09-07 2220 Bay Bulls-Bauline Multi-Use Trail
Proponent: Bay Bulls - Bauline Athletic Association 2022-10-06 Released 2023-07-07 2254 Freshwater Kennedy Farm Abattoir
Proponent: Kennedy Farm Inc. 2023-07-07 Released 2023-08-16 2253 Salvage Microbrewery
Proponent: Wild Cove Adventures Limited 2023-07-07 Released 2023-08-16 2252 Peaches Cove-Green Bay Multipurpose Trail Upgrade
Proponent: Peaches Cove-Green Bay Development Inc. 2023-07-06 Released 2023-11-03 2251 Glovertown Concrete Batch Plant
Proponent: Oram's Do-All Contracting Limited 2023-08-30 Released 2023-08-31 2249 Cat Bay Cottage Access Road
Proponent: Brent Payne 2023-06-15 Released 2023-08-01 2248 Northwest Brook Remote Recreational Cottage
Proponent: Murray Gordon 2023-06-07 Released 2023-08-01 2247 Badger Sand and Gravel Quarry
Proponent: Exploits Welding and Machine Shop Limited 2023-06-01 Active 2246 White Hill Pond JCL Quarry
Proponent: JCL Investments Inc. 2023-05-25 Released 2024-05-17 2245 New Harbour Barrens RV Park
Proponent: Anthony Developments Ltd. 2023-05-10 Released 2023-07-07 2244 Lark Harbour Breakwater and Wharf
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Small Craft Harbours 2023-05-10 Released 2023-06-22 2243 Lewisporte Junction Maple and Birch Syrup Farm
Proponent: Hillside Farm 2023-05-04 Released 2023-06-22 2242 NW Gander Area Bullseye Mineral Exploration
Proponent: Exploits Discovery Corp. 2023-05-02 Released 2023-06-22 2241 Crown Zone 5 Five-Year Operating Plan Amendment (2021-2025)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2023-04-13 Released 2023-05-24 2240 Crown Zone 8 Five-Year Operating Plan Amendment (2023-2027)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2023-04-13 Released 2023-06-29 2239 Bonavista Microbrewery
Proponent: Bonavista Brewing Company Inc. 2023-04-13 Released 2023-05-24 2238 Lac Virot Exploration Access Road
Proponent: Red Paramount Iron Ltd. 2023-04-06 Released 2023-10-19 2237 Junction River Bridge Removals
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2023-03-30 Released 2023-05-11 2236 Labrador – L1301 Transmission Line Decommissioning
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2023-03-28 Released 2023-07-07 2235 Stanhope Equipment Storage Yard
Proponent: Aurora Holdings Inc. 2023-02-02 Released 2023-03-17 2234 Shoal Cove to Chimney Cove Multi Use Trail
Proponent: Natalia Crocker 2023-02-02 Released 2023-03-17 2233 Bonavista Microbrewery
Proponent: Bonavista Brewing Company Inc. 2023-02-02 Withdrawn 2232 Loon Bay Access Trail
Proponent: Shane Hurley 2023-01-25 Released 2023-03-08 2231 Steady Brook Residence
Proponent: Kimberly Madore 2023-01-05 Released 2023-02-22 2230 Humber Valley Hiking Trail
Proponent: International Appalachian Trail Newfoundland and Labrador Chapter Inc. 2022-12-22 Released 2023-02-01 2229 Crown Zone 3 Five-Year Operating Plan Amendment (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2022-12-21 Withdrawn 2228 Torbay Powder Coating Facility
Proponent: APC Industrial Ltd. 2022-12-20 Released 2023-02-01 2227 Victoria River Quarry
Proponent: Newcrete Investment Ltd. 2022-12-20 Active 2226 Gosling Lake RV Park
Proponent: Abbass and McLean Holdings Inc. 2022-12-08 Released 2023-03-29 2225 Matthews Pond (Lethbridge) Strawberry Farm
Proponent: Bayview Gardens 2022-12-01 Released 2023-01-11 2224 Cape Ray Gold Mine
Proponent: Matador Mining Ltd. 2022-11-18 Withdrawn 2223 Flat Bay Quarry
Proponent: Turf Point Resources Ltd. 2022-11-16 Released 2023-01-11 2222 Victoria Abattoir
Proponent: Omiachi Farm 2022-10-28 Released 2022-12-21 2221 Blaketown to Clarkes Pond 55L Transmission Line Rebuild
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2022-10-20 Released 2022-12-01 2219 Conception Bay South Pyrophyllite Processing Facility and Mine Development
Proponent: Trinity Resources Limited 2022-09-28 Released 2022-12-07 2218 Springdale Glove Manufacturing Facility
Proponent: Superior Glove Works Limited 2022-09-16 Released 2022-11-04 2217 Maccles Lake Road Farm Expansion
Proponent: Robert and Diane Gordon 2022-09-09 Released 2022-11-04 2216 Baie Verte Stog’er Tight Expansion – 278 Open Pit Mine
Proponent: Signal Gold Inc. 2022-09-02 Released 2022-11-16 2215 Springdale Junction Agriculture Development
Proponent: Michael Warren 2022-08-25 Released 2022-10-19 2214 Appleton Mineral Exploration – Seismic Survey and Trenching
Proponent: New Found Gold Corp. 2022-08-18 Released 2022-10-19 2213 Sexton’s Road Snowmobile Trail Re-Route
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Association Inc. 2022-08-18 Released 2022-10-28 2212 Pinware River Access Road and Cottage
Proponent: Alexander O'Brien 2022-08-17 Released 2022-12-01 2211 Steady Brook Tourism-Residential Subdivision
Proponent: Humber Seasons Limited 2022-08-12 Released 2022-10-14 2210 Crown Zone 8 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2023-2027)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2022-07-27 Released 2022-10-28 2209 Crown District 23 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2023-2027)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture and Nunatsiavut Government 2022-07-27 Released 2022-12-21 2208 Crown District 19 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2023-2027)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture and Innu Nation 2022-07-27 Released 2022-10-28 2207 Crown Zone 4 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2023-2027)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2022-07-27 Released 2022-10-14 2206 Happy Valley-Goose Bay Regional Abattoir
Proponent: Dinsmore Farm 2022-07-21 Released 2022-10-14 2205 Holyrood Pond RV and Day Park
Proponent: Frank Tobin and Rennie Tobin 2022-07-21 Released 2022-09-16 2204 Shoal Harbour Causeway Bridge Replacement
Proponent: Town of Clarenville 2022-07-15 Released 2022-09-09 2203 Deer Lake Dairy Secondary Processing Facility
The Real Dairy Company of Newfoundland Ltd. 2022-06-28 Released 2023-03-30 2202 Port au Port-Stephenville Wind Power and Hydrogen Generation Project (Project Nujio’qonik GH2)
Proponent: World Energy GH2 Limited Partnership 2022-06-21 Released 2024-04-09 2201 Indian Bay Heritage Walking Trail
Proponent: Town of Indian Bay 2022-06-01 Released 2022-07-21 2200 Lower Terra Nova Fishway Refurbishment
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2022-05-27 Released 2022-08-10 2199 Placentia Hiking Trail
Proponent: Placentia Chamber of Commerce 2022-05-19 Withdrawn 2198 Hampden Residential Property (Fred Osmond)
Proponent: Fred Osmond 2022-05-11 Released 2022-06-30 2197 Hampden By-road
Proponent: The Town of Hampden 2022-05-05 Released 2022-06-17 2196 Barr’d Harbour Breakwater
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Small Craft Harbours 2022-04-20 Released 2022-06-17 2194 Deer Lake Municipal RV Park and Campground
Proponent: Deer Lake Park Limited 2022-04-13 Withdrawn 2195 Middle Brook Fishway Refurbishment
Proponent: Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2022-04-13 Released 2022-06-08 2193 Swift Current Quarry
Proponent: Dean Clarke Contracting Ltd. 2022-03-31 Released 2022-07-14 2192 Grand Falls-Windsor – Glenwood Transmission Line Decommissioning
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2022-03-24 Released 2022-07-08 2191 Cormack Agriculture Land Development
Proponent: Mckay Farms Ltd. 2022-03-17 Released 2022-05-03 2190 Green Bay Sawmill Production
Proponent: Green Bay Logging Limited 2022-03-07 Released 2022-06-01 2189 Exploits River Geodesic Domes
Proponent: Red Indian Adventures Ltd. 2022-02-24 Released 2022-04-27 2188 Wych Hazel Pond Goat and Crop Farm
Proponent: Salty Creeks Agricultural Enterprise 2022-02-17 Released 2022-05-25 2187 Rocky Pond Quarry
Proponent: Parson's Paving Ltd. 2022-02-16 Not to Proceed 2186 Carmanville New Pond Cabins Access Road
Proponent: Wayne Hicks 2022-02-03 Released 2022-09-15 2185 Hickey’s Pond Access Road
Proponent: Burin Gold Corp. 2022-02-03 Released 2022-03-23 2184 Blaketown to Riverhead 94L Transmission Line Rebuild
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2022-02-02 Released 2022-08-30 2183 St. John’s Long Pond Flood Control Structure
Proponent: City of St. John's 2022-01-18 Released 2022-05-25 2181 Lewisporte Waste to Energy Plant
Proponent: EnviroPower Renewable Development Inc. 2022-01-10 Not to Proceed 2182 Terra Nova Quarry
Proponent: Mac-Court Holdings Inc. 2022-01-12 Released 2022-03-23 2180 Voisey’s Bay Wind Energy Project
Proponent: Vale NL Ltd and Innu-Inuit Envest Ltd Partnership 2021-12-29 Released 2022-04-27 2179 Pinware River Cottage
Proponent: Jeremy O'Brien 2021-12-01 Withdrawn 2178 Raleigh Harbour Development
Proponent: Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Small Craft Harbours 2021-11-30 Released 2022-02-09 2177 Placentia Bay Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facility and Marine Terminal
Proponent: LNG Newfoundland and Labrador Limited 2021-11-23 Active 2176 Lomond River Wiltondale Fishway Reconstruction
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2021-11-18 Released 2022-01-12 2175 Monroe’s Pond Bypass Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Notre Dame Snowmobile Association 2021-11-03 Released 2022-01-05 2174 Portugal Cove-St. Philip’s Marine Ingredients Plant
Proponent: Windy Heights Farm and 63562 Newfoundland and Labrador Limited 2021-10-14 Released 2022-01-17 2172 Argentia Seafood Processing Plants
Proponent: Dandy Dan’s Fish Market Ltd. 2021-10-07 Released 2021-11-19 2173 Cormack Agriculture Area of Interest #40 Land Clearing
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-10-08 Released 2021-11-17 2171 Port Hope Simpson Scrapyard
Proponent: Penney's Pitstop Ltd. 2021-09-29 Released 2021-11-09 2170 Middle Barachois Brook Enhancement Project
Proponent: World Wildlife Fund Canada 2021-09-29 Released 2021-11-24 2169 North Brook (Deer Lake East) Bridge Installation
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-09-16 Released 2021-11-03 2168 Paradise Microbrewery
Proponent: Banished Brewing Ltd. 2021-09-15 Released 2021-10-28 2167 Terra Nova River Hiking Trail
Proponent: Town of Glovertown 2021-08-25 Released 2021-10-27 2166 Foxtrap Incinerator Road NORM Storage and Decontamination Facility
Proponent: Pardy’s Waste Management and Industrial Services Limited 2021-08-18 Active 2165 Port Kirwan Sheep Abattoir
Proponent: Aylward’s Farm 2021-08-18 Released 2021-10-20 2162 Crown District 22 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-08-12 Released 2021-12-08 2164 Crown Zone 1 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-08-12 Released 2021-11-09 2161 Crown Zone 2 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-08-12 Released 2021-12-22 2163 Bay de Verde Microbrewery
Proponent: Bay de Verde Brewing Company 2021-08-11 Released 2021-10-13 2160 Aspen Brook Bridge Replacement
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2021-08-04 Released 2021-09-15 2159 Cormack Forage Production
Proponent: Larch Grove Farms Ltd. 2021-07-22 Released 2021-09-29 2158 Scully Mine Tailings Impoundment Area Expansion Project
Proponent: Tacora Resources Inc. 2021-07-21 Released 2022-03-31 2157 Miles Cove Marina
Proponent: Town of Miles Cove 2021-07-21 Released 2021-09-15 2156 Tors Cove Seal Processing Plant
Proponent: Ár n-oileán Resources Ltd. 2021-07-14 Released 2022-06-08 2155 Crown Zone 7 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-07-14 Released 2021-11-12 2154 Deer Lake Pedestrian Underpass
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2021-07-14 Released 2021-09-01 2153 Riverhead Commercial Wharf and Quarry
Proponent: Pennecon Marine Base Ltd. 2021-07-14 Released 2021-10-08 2152 Crown Zone 3 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-07-14 Released 2021-11-24 2151 Crown District 21 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-07-14 Released 2021-12-15 2148 Rushy Pond Brook Bridge Replacement
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2021-07-07 Released 2021-09-01 2149 North River Bridge Replacement
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2021-07-07 Released 2021-09-01 2150 Trinity Bay North Cannabis Production Facility
Proponent: Trinity Bay Development Corp. 2021-07-08 Released 2021-09-22 2147 Parker’s River Arctic Char and Atlantic Salmon Habitat Restoration
Proponent: World Wildlife Fund Canada 2021-07-02 Released 2021-09-15 2146 CBPP Zone 3 Five-Year Forestry Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2021-06-30 Released 2021-10-22 2145 CBPP Zone 7 (Districts 9 and 16) Five-Year Operating Plan (2022-2026)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2021-06-30 Released 2021-10-08 2144 Highland Forage Production
Proponent: New World Dairy 2021-05-27 Released 2021-07-28 2143 Joyce Lake Direct Shipping Iron Ore Project
Proponent: Joyce Direct Iron Inc. 2021-05-21 Active 2140 IOC Smallwood North Extension Project
Proponent: Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) 2021-05-13 Released 2021-07-21 2141 Peaches Cove – Green Bay Walking & Multipurpose Trails
Proponent: Peaches Cove - Green Bay Development Inc. 2021-05-13 Released 2021-07-14 2142 Northern Peninsula Spruce Budworm Control Test
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-05-14 Released 2021-07-08 2139 Hughes Brook Bridge Replacement
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure 2021-05-12 Released 2021-07-21 2138 Wooddale Area Vegetable and Forage Production
Proponent: Kent Fudge 2021-05-10 Released 2021-07-21 2137 North River Culvert Replacement
Proponent: The Town of North River 2021-05-10 Released 2021-07-21 2136 Star Lake to Valentine Gold Transmission Line TL271 Project
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2021-05-05 Released 2022-06-30 2135 Southern Bay Blue Spruce R.V. Park and Campground
Proponent: CamKap Software Development Group Inc. 2021-04-22 Released 2021-07-07 2134 Grant’s Pit Quarry
Proponent: ANW Construction Ltd. 2021-04-22 Released 2021-06-17 2133 Pinware River Cabin (Rowsell)
Proponent: Andrew and Gail Rowsell 2021-04-22 Released 2021-06-10 2132 Pinware River Cabin (O’Brien)
Proponent: Ronald and Lori O’Brien 2021-04-22 Released 2021-06-10 2131 Forest Management District 13 (Zone 5) Amendment
Proponent: Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-04-14 Released 2021-06-09 2130 Pinware River Cabin
Proponent: Anthony and Vera O'Brien 2021-04-14 Released 2021-06-10 2129 Upper Humber River Tourist Lodge
Proponent: Rob Clarke Motorsports Inc. 2021-04-14 Released 2021-06-17 2128 Channel- Port aux Basques Cottage Access Road
Proponent: Mr. David Gibb 2021-04-14 Released 2021-06-23 2126 Riverhead Access Road, Laydown Area and Wharf
Proponent: Pennecon Marine Base Ltd. 2021-03-30 Withdrawn 2127 Grand Falls-Windsor to Badger Distribution Feeder Upgrades
Proponent: Newfoundland Power 2021-04-01 Released 2021-06-29 2125 Humber Village Apple Orchard
Proponent: Briarside Affairs Limited 2021-03-24 Released 2021-05-21 2124 Humber Village Apple U-Pick
Proponent: Briarside Affairs Limited 2021-03-03 Withdrawn 2123 Flat Bay Gypsum Tailings Processing
Proponent: Red Moon Resources Inc. 2021-02-25 Released 2021-05-07 2122 Northern Peninsula ATV Trail System
Proponent: Northern Peninsula ATV Riders Association Inc. 2021-02-25 Active 2121 Forest Management District 14 (Zone 6) Amendment
Proponent: Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2021-02-25 Released 2021-06-09 2120 Springdale Indian River Fishway Reconstruction
Proponent: Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2021-02-17 Released 2021-04-01 2119 Baytona Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Town of Baytona 2021-02-17 Released 2021-03-31 2118 Nain Wind Power Micro-Grid
Proponent: Nunatsiavut Government and Natural Forces Development Limited Partnership 2021-02-10 Released 2021-09-15 2117 Cormack Snowmobile Trail Connection
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2021-02-03 Released 2021-03-31 2116 Whitbourne Residential Subdivision Extension
Proponent: 51710 Newfoundland and Labrador Limited 2021-02-02 Withdrawn 2115 Rennies River Flood Mitigation Portugal Cove Road to King’s Bridge Road
Proponent: City of St. John's 2021-02-02 Released 2022-12-01 2114 Labrador City Humphrey South Iron Ore Extension
Proponent: Iron Ore Company of Canada 2021-01-05 Released 2021-05-27 2113 Parson’s Pond Four Ponds ATV Trail
Proponent: Roberts' Outfitting Ltd. 2020-12-16 Withdrawn 2112 Belleoram Crushed Granite Rock Export Quarry
Proponent: Continental Stone Limited 2020-12-08 Released 2021-03-17 2111 Trout River – River Dredging
Town of Trout River 2020-11-27 Released 2021-03-03 2110 Pinware River Cottage and Access Road
Mr. Denis O'Dell 2020-11-26 Released 2021-02-18 2109 Norris Arm Rattling Brook Hydroelectric Upgrades
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2020-11-20 Released 2021-01-13 2107 Power Transmission Line Replacement – Gambo to Port Blandford
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2020-11-02 Released 2020-12-21 2108 Crown Zone 5 Five-year Forestry Operating Plan (2021-2025)
Proponent: Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 2020-11-04 Released 2021-03-11 2106 Appleton Mineral Exploration
Proponent: New Found Gold Corp. 2020-10-30 Released 2020-12-17 2105 Hopeall Abattoir
Proponent: Kettle Hill Farm 2020-10-27 Released 2021-10-28 2104 Lumsden Heritage Farm
Proponent: Cordell's Heritage Farm Inc. 2020-10-21 Released 2020-12-10 2103 Foxtrap Pasture Land Road Quarry
Proponent: C.W. Parsons Limited 2020-10-07 Released 2021-08-25 2102 Green Valley Regional Abattoir – Northern Arm
Proponent: Sunshine Investments Inc. 2020-09-22 Released 2021-10-26 2101 Round Pond (South) Quarry
Proponent: JCL Investments Inc. 2020-09-16 Released 2020-11-20 2100 Windmill Bight Power Line Installation
Proponent: Newfoundland Power 2020-09-14 Released 2020-10-29 2099 Huguette Lake Quarry
Proponent: Allard Distributing Ltd. 2020-08-31 Released 2020-11-20 2098 Upper Humber River Vegetable Farm
Proponent: Riverside Farms 2020-08-21 Released 2020-11-20 2097 Junction Brook Quarry
Proponent: Rodney’s Contracting Limited 2020-08-14 Released 2020-10-29 2096 Indian Bay Quarry
Proponent: Oldford's Sand & Gravel Ltd. 2020-08-12 Released 2020-10-15 2095 Corner Brook Quarry
Proponent: Edward Collins Contracting Limited 2020-08-05 Released 2020-09-24 2094 Noel Paul Steady Access Road and Bridge
Proponent: 2G Outfitters 2020-07-24 Released 2020-09-24 2093 Conception Bay South (Laurel Road) Shore Stabilization
Proponent: Cahill Group of Companies 2020-07-24 Released 2020-09-16 2092 CBPP Zone 5, District 10 Five-Year Operating Plan
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2020-07-15 Released 2020-10-15 2091 Hammerdown Gold Mine
Proponent: Maritime Resources Corporation 2020-07-08 Released 2021-05-07 2090 Mount Pearl Cabinet Manufacturing Facility
Proponent: Refresh Contracting & Cabinetry Ltd. 2020-07-02 Released 2020-09-09 2089 Junction Brook Area of Interest #39 Access Road and Land Clearing
Proponent: Department of Fisheries and Land Resources, Agriculture and Land Branch 2020-06-24 Released 2020-08-27 2088 Long Harbour River Outfitter Lodge Spike Camp
Proponent: Beaulieus Caribou Hunts Ltd 2020-06-24 Released 2020-09-03 2086 Southwest Brook – Lewisporte Quarry
Proponent: Terra Services Inc. 2020-06-08 Active 2087 Piper’s Hole Sand & Gravel Quarries
Proponent: Hickey’s Contracting (1989) Ltd. 2020-06-16 Released 2020-10-23 2083 Foxtrap Access Road Interchange Quarry
Proponent: Black Diamond Construction Ltd. 2020-06-03 Withdrawn 2085 Pinware to Red Bay Road Upgrades
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Works 2020-06-03 Released 2020-07-24 2084 Wooddale East Family Farm
Proponent: 83992 Newfoundland & Labrador Inc. 2020-06-03 Released 2020-08-06 2082 Pinchgut Lake Access Road
Proponent: Girl Guides of Canada 2020-05-27 Released 2020-07-24 2081 Markland Farm Expansion
Proponent: Taylor Farm Products 2020-05-21 Released 2020-08-13 2078 St. Catherine’s Cottage Lot Development
Proponent: Jerome Power Contracting Ltd. 2020-05-20 Active 2020-08-06 2079 Gummy Pond ATV Trail
Proponent: Green Bay Snowmobile Association 2020-05-20 Released 2020-07-24 2080 Gull Pond RV Park and Campground
Proponent: Tina Pede and Kenneth Pede 2020-05-21 Withdrawn 2077 Twillingate Marina
Proponent: Ocean Side Cabins Inc. 2020-05-12 Released 2020-07-09 2076 Dildo Pond Vegetable Farm near Campbellton
Proponent: Triple E Farms Ltd. 2020-05-11 Released 2020-07-08 2075 Upper Humber Fish Ladder Repairs at Birchy Basin
Proponent: Ducks Unlimited Canada 2020-04-27 Released 2020-06-11 2074 Wolf Lake ATV Trail – Central NL
Proponent: P.A. Guillory Family LLC 2020-04-13 Withdrawn 2073 South Brook Quarry
Proponent: Shoreline Aggregates Inc. 2020-03-12 Released 2020-05-25 2072 Happy Valley-Goose Bay Quarry
Proponent: Markland Paving Ltd. 2020-02-24 Released 2020-05-06 906 Roddicton Aquaculture & Growout Tank Farm
Proponent: The Rope and AquaNet Store 2000-11-09 Released 2001-01-05 900 Amendment to Forest Management District 13 (St. George’s)
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc 2000-08-31 Released 2001-06-05 881 Colliers Golf Course – Mr. Francis W. Cole
Mr. Francis W. Cole 2000-06-01 Expired 867 Duck Pond Copper-Zinc Mine
Proponent: Thundermin Resources Inc. and Queenston Mining Inc. 2000-03-31 Released 2002-01-31 910 Pool’s Cove Highway Cottage Access Road
Proponent: Mr. Gordon Hunt 2000-11-24 Released 2001-01-16 909 Crown 5 Yr Forest Plan (Bonavista North)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources & Agrifoods 2000-11-20 Released 2001-02-20 908 Indian Bay Cottage Access Road
Proponent: Mr. Kevin B. Way 2000-11-17 Released 2001-01-05 907 R. V. Park & Trail Expansion (Springdale)
Proponent: Town of Springdale 2000-11-10 Released 2001-01-05 913 Salmon Cove Medicinal Herb Agriculture Farm
Proponent: Salmon Cove Future Development Association 2001-01-15 Released 2001-03-02 912 Old Perlican to Grates Cove Wind Power Project – CHI Hydroelectric Company Inc.
CHI Hydroelectric Company Inc. 2001-12-06 Withdrawn 911 Hawke Hills Wind Power Project (Four Mile Pond) – CHI Hydroelectric Company Inc.
CHI Hydroelectric Company Inc. 2000-12-06 Withdrawn 917 South Branch (Codroy River) Vegetable Farm & Access Road
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-02-26 Released 2001-06-13 916 Labrador City Carol Mining Project – Luce Pit Development
Proponent: Iron Ore Company of Canada 2001-02-19 Released 2001-05-17 915 Fleurs de Lys Water Supply Development (Expansion)
Proponent: Town of Fleur de Lys 2001-02-08 Released 2001-04-04 914 Charlottetown Diesel Generating Plant Extension
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2001-02-06 Released 2001-03-22 920 Millertown Area Gravel Quarry
Proponent: Midland Construction Ltd 2001-03-05 Released 2001-04-26 919 Argentia Access Road Farm Expansion
Proponent: Rushmere Farms 2001-03-02 Released 2001-05-14 918 Five Year Forest Management Plan, FMD 2, Bonavista Pen.
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-03-02 Released 2001-09-21 924 Labrador Straits (Forteau) Vegetable Peat Bog Pilot Project
Proponent: Southern Labrador Development Corporation 2001-03-30 Released 2001-06-05 923 Amendment to 5 Yr Forest Plan, South Coast-Bay D’Espoir
Proponent: Dept of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-03-21 Released 2001-05-04 922 2001 Neemix 4.5 Forest Spray Program for Sawfly
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-03-09 Released 2001-06-20 921 2001 Mimic Forest Spray Program for Hemlock Looper
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agifoods 2001-03-09 Released 2001-06-20 926 Churchill Falls to Goose Bay Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Labrador Winter Trails Inc. 2001-04-12 Released 2001-07-16 925 Avondale Automobile Drag Racing
Proponent: Newfoundland Stock Car Association (Mr. Bernard Hickey) 2001-04-09 Released 2002-06-19 927 Mulligan to Postville/Makkovik Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Labrador Winter Trails Inc. 2001-04-12 Released 2001-07-16 929 Dist. 18, Five Yr. Plan (Amendment) Great Northern Peninsula – Dept. Forest Resources & Agrifoods
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-04-19 Withdrawn 928 Amendment to 5 Yr Forestry Plan, District 5 (Gander Rv./Terra Nova Park)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-04-19 Released 2001-05-29 930 Terra Nova, Amendment to Five Year Forestry Plan, Dist. 4
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-04-25 Released 2001-08-08 931 Goose Cove, Amendment to Five Year Forestry Plan, Dist.5
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-04-25 Released 2001-06-29 932 Foxtrap Commercial Salvage Yard
Proponent: Newfoundland Recycling Limited 2001-04-30 Released 2001-06-18 933 Amendment to Five Year Forestry Plan, District 12
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated 2001-05-02 Released 2001-06-21 934 Special Waste Transfer Station, Donovans Industrial Pk, Mt. Pearl
Proponent: ASCo Canada Ltd. 2001-05-03 Released 2001-06-29 935 Application of Balsam Sawfly Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
Proponent: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service 2001-05-04 Released 2001-07-05 937 Roddickton Underground Salmon Pool Viewing
Proponent: White Bay Central Development Association 2001-05-29 Released 2001-08-03 936 Shabogamo Lake Cottage access Road
Proponent: Gary Philpott 2001-05-28 Released 2001-07-13 938 Pasadena Area, Amendment to 5-Year Forestry Plan, Dist 15
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2001-06-01 Released 2001-08-03 939 Resource Road Amendments to 5-Yr Forest Plan for Dist. 16
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2001-06-08 Released 2001-07-24 941 Deer Lake North Shore Recreation Area – Department of Government Services and Lands
Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-06-14 Withdrawn 940 Golf Course, Bellevue (Broad Lake) Trinity Bay – L. Mareido Enterprises Limited (Melvin Conrad Reid, Pres.)
L. Mareido Enterprises Limited (Melvin Conrad Reid, President) 2001-06-08 Withdrawn 942 Amendment to Five Year Forest Operating Plan, District 1, (Salmonier Line)
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-06-20 Released 2001-08-08 943 CBPP Forest Management District 15 – Grand Lake South (Amen) Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd.
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2001-06-20 Withdrawn 944 Amendment to 5 Yr. Forest Plan, Dist. 16 (Hinds L. & Snowy L.)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2001-06-22 Released 2001-09-20 946 Clarenville Marine Recreation Facility
Proponent: Rotary Club of Clareneville 2001-06-26 Released 2001-08-16 945 5 Yr Forest Plan, District 17 (2002 – 2006), (Bellburns to Castor River North)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2001-06-22 Released 2001-11-09 947 Resource Roads (Amendment) to 5-Yr Forestry Plan for Dist. 15
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2001-06-29 Released 2001-08-16 948 Pamehoc Brook Road, Amendment to 5-Yr Forestry Plan, Dist.11
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated 2001-07-13 Released 2001-08-16 949 Gull Pond Road, Amendment to 5-Yr Forest Plan, District 10
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated 2001-07-13 Released 2001-08-16 951 Rocky Harbour, Northern Peninsula, Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-09-14 950 Salt Pond Gas Turbine Relocation Project (Wesleyville)
Proponent: Newfoundland Power 2001-07-16 Released 2001-09-27 952 Cape Pond Road (Tors Cove), Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-09-07 953 Bull Pond, Salmonier Line, Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-09-07 954 Placentia Junction, Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-09-07 955 Bluff Head Big Pond (Random Island), Cottage Development Plan – Department of Government Services and Lands
Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Withdrawn 956 Deep Bight Pond (Clarenville Area), Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-10-16 957 Grandy’s Pond (Burin Peninsula), Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Department of Government Services and Lands 2001-07-18 Released 2001-09-07 958 Bears Cove (Bay Roberts) Cod Hatchery
Proponent: Newfoundland Aqua Ventures Inc. 2001-07-19 Released 2001-09-07 960 Amendment to 5 Year Forest Plan, Dist. 16 (Taylors Pd)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-07-20 Released 2001-09-07 959 Heart’s Content Boatbuilding and Fibreglassing Facility
Proponent: JSS Enterprises Limited 2001-07-19 Released 2002-03-19 961 Amendment to 5 Yr Forest Plan, Dist. 1 (Mahers/Middle Gull Pd)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-07-23 Released 2001-09-07 962 Windmill Bight (Lumsden) Golf Course – Windmill Bight Golf Course Inc.
Windmill Bight Golf Courses Inc. 2001-07-23 Withdrawn 963 Snowmobile Trail (New-Wes-Valley to Gander)
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Association 2001-07-25 Released 2001-09-07 964 Hammerdown Mine
Proponent: Richmont Mines Inc. 2001-08-03 Released 2001-09-20 965 Forest Management Dist. Five – Five Yr Operating Plan (Amend.)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-08-02 Released 2001-11-30 966 LaManche Sand & Gravel Pit Access Road
Proponent: LaManche River Resources Inc. 2001-08-06 Released 2001-10-03 967 Amendment to 5 Yr Forest Plan, Dist 14 (Barachois Pond)
Proponent: Newfoundland Forest Service 2001-08-06 Released 2001-10-12 968 Logy Bay Warehouse and Liquid Mud Plant
Proponent: M-1 Drilling Fluids Canada, Inc. 2001-08-07 Released 2001-09-21 969 Amendment to 5 Yr Forest Plan D. 16 (Patricks Pd/Buchans Jct)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-08-20 Released 2001-09-27 970 Milltown Slipway Extension (Phase III)
Proponent: Town of Milltown-Head of Bay D'Espoir 2001-08-13 Released 2001-09-21 971 Garden Hill Drilling and Production Program – Stage 1
Proponent: Canadian Imperial Venture Corp. 2001-08-27 Released 2001-10-22 972 Five Year Operating Plan, Dist. 14, (Gallants – Port aux Basques)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2001-10-30 Released 2002-01-09 973 Bed and Breakfast Access Road, Back Cove (East of Lawn)
Proponent: Down by the Sea Inc. 2001-10-03 Released 2001-11-23 974 Forest Access Road and Bridge (Brink’s Pd – Campbellton Area)
Proponent: Cottle's Island Lumber Co. Ltd. 2001-10-12 Released 2001-11-30 975 Pitcher’s Pond Golf Course
Proponent: The Town of Whiteway, Trinity Bay 2001-10-15 Released 2001-11-30 977 Hiking Trail – Placentia, Along Northeast Arm
Proponent: East Coast Trail Association 2001-10-18 Released 2001-12-11 976 Walking Trail (Pouch Cove to St. John’s)
Proponent: East Coast Trail Association 2001-10-18 Released 2002-03-05 978 Blueberry Farm (Botwood Area) – Mr. Barry C. Martin
Mr. Barry C. Martin 2001-10-19 Withdrawn 980 Frenchman’s Cove (Burin Peninsula) ATV Trail
Proponent: Mr. Wilfred Tibbo 2001-10-30 Released 2001-12-17 979 Five Year Forest Operating Plan, Dist 16, (Lower Great Northern Pen.)
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2001-10-30 Released 2002-08-09 982 Abitibi Consolidated District 9 Five Year Operating Plan (Sheffield Lake)
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-14 981 Amendment to Dist. 9 Five-Year Crown Forest Management Plan
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-11-05 Released 2002-02-11 986 Abitibi Consolidated District 14 Five Year Operating Plan
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-07 985 Abitibi Consolidated District 13 Five Year Operating Plan
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-07 984 Abitibi Consolidated District 6 Five-Year Plan (Glenwood)
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-14 983 Abitibi Consolidated District 5 Five-Year Plan (Bonavista North)
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-14 990 Forest Management District 18 Five Year Plan (Amendment)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-12-10 Released 2002-02-11 989 Amendment to Five Year Plan for Forest Management Districts 10, 11 and 12
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-29 Released 2002-01-18 988 St. Lawrence Wind Demonstration Project
Proponent: The NeWind Group 2001-11-21 Released 2002-01-14 987 Abitibi District 16 5 Yr Forest Plan (Lower Great Northern Pen.)
Proponent: Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2001-11-13 Released 2002-01-09 994 Bellmans Pond (Glenwood Forest Access Road)
Proponent: A. L. Stuckless and Sons Ltd. 2001-12-27 Released 2002-02-18 993 Lomond River Campground and Cabin Lot Development
Lomond River Lodge Limited 2001-12-20 Released 2004-03-03 992 Crown District 16 5-Year Operating Plan (Jackson’s Arm Area)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2001-12-17 Released 2002-08-02 991 Use of Updated Practice Laser-Guided Munitions 5 Wing Goose
Proponent: Department of National Defence 2001-12-11 Released 2002-03-06 997 Springdale Fuel Storage Bulk Facility
Proponent: Gary Rolfe Limited 2002-01-18 Released 2002-03-05 996 Deer Lake Commercial-Retail Land Development
Proponent: Town of Deer Lake 2002-01-18 Released 2002-03-19 995 Interim Storage for Tubulars Contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Scale
Proponent: ASCo Canada Ltd. 2002-01-09 Released 2002-03-05 1000 Crown Five Year Forest Plan Dist 18 (Roddickton) 2002-2007
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-01-24 Released 2002-08-02 999 Crown 5 Year Forest Plan Dist 17 (Port Saunders) 2002-2007
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-01-24 Released 2002-08-02 998 Foxtrap Storage Facility for Natural Occurring Radioactive Material
Proponent: Island Waste Management Inc. 2002-01-21 Released 2002-03-12 1004 Five Year Forest Management Plan (2002-2007), District One (Avalon)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-02-15 Released 2002-04-18 1003 Amend. to Abitibi Consol. Operating Plan, Dist. 12, Badger Area
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-02-07 Released 2002-04-09 1002 Andrews Cottage Access Road (Ironstone River, Labrador)
Proponent: Cyril Andrews 2002-01-31 Released 2002-03-22 1001 Crown Dist. 14 (St. George’s Area) 5 Yr Forest Plan (2002-07)
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-01-28 Released 2002-08-02 1007 Windmill Bight (Lumsden) 18-Hole Golf Course – Town of Lumsden and Town of New-Wes-Valley
Town of Lumsden and Townof New-Wes-Valley 2002-02-26 Rejected 1006 Milan Arm Region Cottage Access Road
Proponent: Mr. Wallace Green 2002-02-25 Released 2002-04-09 1005 PCB Storage Facility, Happy Valley – Goose Bay
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2002-02-19 Released 2002-04-03 1008 Mount Pearl Hot-Dip Galvanized Manufacturing Facility
Proponent: Bruce Enterprises Limited 2002-03-05 Released 2002-04-18 1010 Cat Arm / Harbour Deep Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2002-03-22 Released 2002-06-07 1009 Bayd’Espoir Forest Mgt. District 7 Five Year Plan (Amend.)
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-03-11 Released 2002-05-03 1013 2002 Mimic Forest Spray Program For Hemlock Looper
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-04-03 Released 2002-06-11 1012 Cartwright Junction to Happy Valley-Goose Bay Trans Lab Highway
Department of Transportation and Works 2002-04-03 Released 2004-07-05 1011 Middle Trout Rv/Governor’s Pd, FMD 15 5-Yr Plan Amendment
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-03-26 Released 2002-05-23 1016 Hatchet Cove Golf Course Expansion (9 hole)
Proponent: Brookside Resort Limited 2002-04-08 Released 2002-05-27 1015 Harcourt Area Forestry Access Road
Proponent: Mr. Oliver Stanley 2002-04-05 Released 2002-05-23 1014 2002 Neemix 4.5 Spray Program For Balsam Fir Sawfly
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-04-03 Released 2002-06-11 1020 Come By Chance Refinery Butane Storage Facility
Proponent: North Atlantic Refinery Limited 2002-05-27 Released 2002-07-26 1019 New World Island Access Road
Proponent: Cottle's Island Lumber Co. Ltd. 2002-04-25 Released 2002-06-28 1018 Cochrane Pond Poultry Compost Operation
Proponent: Mitchell Farms Inc. 2002-04-25 Released 2002-07-26 1017 Bellevue 18-Hole Golf Course (2002)
Proponent: L. Mareido Enterprises Limited 2002-04-18 Released 2002-09-26 1024 Crown Forest Management District 4 Amendment
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-06-06 Released 2002-07-26 1023 Bonavista Access Road Forage Area
Proponent: George and Vera Greening 2002-06-06 Released 2002-08-28 1022 South Dildo Seal Pelt Tannery
Proponent: Carino Company Limited 2002-06-03 Released 2002-08-28 1021 2002 Balsam Fir Sawfly Spray Program Using NPV
Proponent: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service 2002-05-31 Released 2002-07-16 1027 CBPP District 5 and 6 Five Year Operating Plan
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2002-07-09 Released 2002-11-08 1026 Crown Forest Management District 5 (Amendment)
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-07-02 Released 2002-08-28 1025 Labrador City Special Waste Transfer Facility
Proponent: Matrix Environmental Incorporated of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia 2002-06-11 Released 2002-07-26 1028 CBPP Forest Management District 9 (Oxfords Brook) Amendment
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-07-11 Released 2002-08-28 1030 CBPP 5-Year Forest Mgmt Plan Dist 15 (Corner Brook) 2003-07
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2002-07-25 Released 2002-11-13 1029 Service Installation Crossing Western Brook, Pistolet Bay
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2002-07-15 Released 2002-08-28 1033 Crown Forest Management District 2 (Come By Chance) Amendment
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-08-12 Released 2002-12-16 1032 Abitibi-Consolidated Five Year Forest Management Plan Dist. 11
Proponent: Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. 2002-08-08 Released 2002-11-28 1031 Crown District 18 (Roddickton) 5-Year Plan Amendment
Proponent: Dept. of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-08-06 Released 2002-10-16 1036 Crown District 17 Five Year Operating Plan Amendmen
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-10-07 Released 2003-01-13 1035 Rigolet Access Road to Loading Area/Wharf
Proponent: Labrador Inuit Development Corporation 2002-09-25 Released 2002-11-28 1034 Princeton – Summerville Nine Hole Golf Course
Proponent: Mr. Barry Stuber 2002-09-03 Released 2002-10-30 1039 Grand Falls-Windsor to Badger Fibre Optic Transmission Line
Newfoundland Power Inc. 2002-11-07 Released 2003-02-14 1038 Extension of Distribution Line Hampden, White Bay
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2002-10-22 Released 2002-12-16 1037 Crown Forest District 2 (Burgoyne’s Cove) Plan Amendment
Proponent: Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-10-10 Released 2002-12-16 1041 Lethbridge Organic Compost Facility
Discovery Compost Limited 2002-11-12 Released 2003-02-14 1040 Argentia Hydrometallurgical Demonstration Plant
Proponent: Voisey's Bay Nickel Company Ltd. 2002-11-12 Released 2002-12-23 1043 CBPP Forest Management District 9 (South Pond) Amendment
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-11-22 Released 2003-01-13 1042 Cape St. George Snowmobile Race Track & Sliding/Tube Park
Proponent: Mr. Roderick J. Campbell 2002-11-13 Released 2002-12-20 1046 Argentia (Building 810) Biomedical Waste Management Facility – Edward Collings Contracting Ltd.
Island Waste Management Inc. 2002-12-02 Withdrawn 1045 Mount Pearl Drilling Mud Plant
QMAX Solutions Inc. 2002-11-27 Released 2003-01-13 1044 St. Fintan’s – Lockleven Abattoir
Mr. Wade Alley 2002-11-25 Released 2003-01-15 1049 Crown Five Year Forest Mgmt Plan Dist 23 (Postville) 2003-2007
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2002-12-30 Released 2003-02-21 1048 Bonavista Highway Poultry Farm and Forage Crop Production
George and Vera Greening 2002-12-23 Released 2003-02-14 1047 Harbour Grace Marine Vessel Repair Facility
Dawe's Welding and Sons Limited 2002-12-04 Released 2003-01-15 1052 Rocky Harbour Breakwater and Wharf
Town of Rocky Harbour 2003-02-11 Released 2003-04-07 1051 Georges Lake Communcation Transmission Line
Newfoundland Power Inc. 2003-02-03 Released 2003-03-28 1050 Argentia (Building 810) Biomedical Waste Management Facility – Edward Collins Contracting Ltd.
Edward Collins Contracting Ltd. 2003-01-02 Withdrawn 1053 Nain Wind Power Project – Westenwind NV
Westenwind NV 2003-02-11 Expired 1056 Charlottetown Wind Power Project
Westenwind NV 2003-02-11 Released 2003-04-07 1055 Mary’s Harbour Wind Power Project
Westenwind NV 2003-02-11 Released 2003-04-07 1054 Crown Five Year Operating Plan Forest Management Dist. 15
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-02-13 Released 2003-04-11 1060 Goodyears Cove Park Enhancement, Halls Bay
Town of South Brook 2003-02-20 Released 2003-04-11 1059 Andrews Pond (Clarenville) Water Control Structure
Town of Clarenville 2003-02-17 Released 2003-04-11 1058 St.John’s Salvage Yard, Incinerator Road, Foxtrap
Newfoundland Recycling Limited 2003-02-17 Released 2003-06-20 1057 Five Year Operating Plan, Forest Management District 8
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-02-14 Released 2003-04-11 1062 Crown Five Year Operating Plan Forest Management District 19A
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-03-12 Released 2003-05-23 1061 Bay D’Espoir (Crown) 5 Yr. Operating Plan District 7
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-03-06 Released 2003-05-21 1063 Milton Sawmill Operation
O.K. Ventures Ltd. 2003-03-14 Released 2003-05-08 1066 Grand Bank Harbour Dredging
Grand Bank Harbour Authority 2003-04-01 Released 2003-05-21 1065 Botwood/Peterview Exploits Regional Water Supply Trans. Line
Town of Botwood/Peterview 2003-03-26 Released 2003-05-14 1064 District 12 (Abitibi) Five-Year Operating Plan Amendment
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-03-26 Released 2003-05-08 1069 Little Gander Pond ATV Trail
Mr. Noel C. Hutton 2003-04-11 Released 2003-05-29 1068 2003 Mimic Forest Spray Program For Hemlock Looper
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-04-07 Released 2003-05-29 1067 Abitibi-Consolidated District 11 Five-Year Operating Plan Amend.
Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. 2003-04-03 Released 2003-05-14 1071 Sop’s Arm/Jackson’s Arm Hiking Trail
White Bay South Development Association 2003-04-24 Released 2003-07-03 1070 Bonavista North (Lumsden) Golf Course
Town of Lumsden and Town of New-Wes-Valley 2003-04-15 Released 2003-07-03 1074 Partridge Pond (Blue Hills) ATV Trail – Eric C. Collins
Mr. Eric C. Collins 2003-05-14 Rejected 1073 Stephenville Sewage Treatment Plant – Town of Stephenville
Town of Stephenville 2003-05-14 Withdrawn 1072 Mint Brook (Gambo Pond) Transmission Line
Newfoundland Power Inc. 2003-05-08 Released 2003-07-03 1078 Boom Siding (Deer Lake) Cottage Development
Department of Government Services and Lands 2003-06-20 Released 2003-08-12 1077 Crown Forest Management District 18 Five Year Plan Amend
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-06-03 Released 2003-08-12 1076 Bay Roberts Marginal Wharf Extension and Infilling
Harbour International Limited 2003-05-29 Released 2003-07-23 1075 2003 Balsam Fir Sawfly Experimental Spray Program Using NeabNPV
Canadian Forestry Service 2003-05-29 Released 2003-07-16 1080 Joes Lake/Badger Brook Abitibi-Consolidated Cottage Development
Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. 2003-07-02 Released 2003-10-17 1079 Pinchgut Lake (Corner Brook) Cottage Development
Department of Government Services and Lands 2003-06-20 Released 2003-08-12 1083 Pollard’s Point Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2003-07-21 Released 2003-09-09 1082 Penny’s Pond To Conche Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2003-07-21 Released 2003-09-09 1081 Ramea Wind-Diesel Demonstration Project
Frontier Power Systems Inc. 2003-07-15 Released 2003-09-02 1086 Trophy Lake/High Pond (Northern Peninsula) ATV Trail
Samuel P. Caines 2003-08-08 Released 2003-09-29 1085 Gambo-Port Blandford Cottage Management Plan
Department of Government Services and Lands 2003-08-04 Released 2003-11-13 1084 Philips Brook/Fox Island River ATV Trail/Road
Gerald C. Brake 2003-07-29 Released 2003-09-19 1089 Baie Verte Golf Course and RV Trailer Park
Copper Creek 2000 Inc. 2003-08-28 Released 2003-10-14 1088 Nain Wind Turbine Generation Farm
Unity Bay Energy Limited 2003-08-14 Released 2003-11-13 1087 Abitibi Forest Management District 5 (Traverse Brook) Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. 2003-08-11 Released 2003-10-17 1093 Long Island Causeway – Department of Works, Services and Transportation
Department of Works, Services and Transportation 2003-09-10 Withdrawn 1092 Hinds Lake Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2003-09-08 Released 2003-11-13 1091 Corner Brook Communication Tower
Aliant Telecom Inc. 2003-09-02 Released 2003-10-29 1090 District 16 Five-Year Forest Management Plan Amendment
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-08-29 Released 2003-10-17 1097 Williams Harbour (Labrador) Access Road – Department of Works, Services and Transportation
Dept. of Works, Services and Transportation 2003-10-08 Withdrawn 1096 Moosehead Lake, Labrador Cottage Access Road
Mr. Doug Rice 2003-10-07 Released 2003-11-19 1095 Windsor Heights Mink Fur Farm
NF Fur Farm Enterprises Inc. (Barry Nolan) 2003-10-02 Released 2003-12-02 1094 Parsons Pond Access Road and Exploratory Oil and Gas Well
Contact Exploration Inc. 2003-09-29 Released 2003-11-19 1100 Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. FMD 14 (St. George’s) Amendment
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-10-14 Released 2004-02-13 1099 St. Anthony Sanitary Sewer Pipeline Outfall
Town of St. Anthony 2003-10-14 Released 2004-02-03 1098 Golden Sands Resort (Burin Pen.) Pitch and Putt Golf Course
Crosswinds Enterprises Ltd. 2003-10-09 Released 2003-11-19 1103 Morley’s Siding (Musgravetown-Lethbridge) Abattoir
Lorne and Debbie Simmonds and George Greening 2003-11-03 Released 2003-12-19 1102 Barachois River (Cape Ray) ATV Trail
Dwayne Bond 2003-10-31 Released 2003-12-19 1101 Cox’s Cove Mink Fur Farm
NuMink Inc. 2003-10-31 Released 2003-12-19 1107 Abitibi-Consolidated District 10 Joes Lake Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated 2003-11-27 Released 2004-01-16 1106 Burnt Ridge, Elliston Wind Power Project
Wind Project Incorporated 2003-11-25 Released 2004-01-26 1105 Tug Pond – Frost Pond ATV Trail
Mr. Robert Avery 2003-11-25 Released 2004-02-03 1104 Southwest River, Port Blandford Quarry
Mr. Clyde Oldford 2003-11-07 Released 2003-12-29 1110 Seldom Breakwater Construction
Public Works and Government Services Canada 2003-12-03 Released 2004-01-16 1109 Glenwood-Appleton Sewage Treatment Plant Facility
Towns of Glenwood and Appleton 2003-12-01 Released 2004-02-13 1108 Abitibi-Consolidated District 12 Warfords NW and SW Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated 2003-11-27 Released 2004-01-16 1114 Pasadena/Deer Lake Resort (Golf Course, Residences, Hotel) – Timberland Golf Development Corporation
Timberland Golf Development Corporation 2003-12-29 Withdrawn 1113 Lower Humber River/Deer Lake Resort (Chalets,Golf Course) Expansion
Humber Valley Resort Corporation 2003-12-24 Released 2004-03-03 1112 Crown Forest Management District 4 (Terra Nova Lake) Amendment
Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods 2003-12-19 Released 2004-02-03 1111 Southern Head to Lewisporte Snowmobile Trail
Little Burnt Bay & Embree Snowmobile Trail Committee 2003-12-11 Released 2004-01-22 1117 Eastport Nine Hole Pitch and Putt Golf Course
Graham C. Feltham 2004-01-23 Released 2004-03-26 1116 Stephenville Sewage Treatment Facility (Re-Registration)
Town of Stephenville 2004-01-19 Released 2004-06-16 1115 McLean Lake, Birch Brook Ski Trail
Birch Brook Nordic Ski Club 2003-12-31 Released 2004-02-13 1121 Deer Lake – Humber River Estates Resort
RTGO Developers Inc. 2004-03-02 Released 2004-06-01 1120 Abitibi-Consolidated District 12 Harpoon Branch North Amendment
Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2004-02-02 Released 2004-03-19 1119 King’s Brook to T’railway Park Snowmobile Trail – Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2004-02-02 Withdrawn 1118 Crown Forest Mgmt. Dist 18 (Roddickton-Plum Point) Amendment
Department of Natural Resources (Forestry Branch) 2004-02-04 Released 2004-03-30 1125 Little Harbour (Deer Lake) Residential Development
Lakeside Investments Inc. 2004-03-29 Released 2004-07-14 1124 District 9 (Sops Lake/Black Ridge) Five-Year Forest Amend
Department of Natural Resources 2004-03-16 Released 2004-05-14 1123 Gros Morne Resort
Eastern Arm Enterprises 2004-03-12 Released 2004-06-16 1122 Deer Lake Integrated Sawmill (Relocation)
Eastwood Forestry Products Incorporated 2004-03-04 Released 2004-05-14 1128 Marystown Area Sludge Treatment Facility – Multi-Environmental Services Limited
Multi-Environmental Services Limited 2004-05-07 Withdrawn 1127 Heart’s Delight-Islington Marina and Breakwater
Heart's Delight-Islington Enhancement Committee 2004-04-12 Released 2004-06-01 1126 Castors River Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2004-04-07 Released 2004-08-06 1132 Comfort Cove – Newstead SalvageYard
Mr. Ed Mills 2004-05-26 Released 2004-07-14 1131 Corner Brook Fur Tannery
Nu Tan Inc. (Barry Group of Companies Inc.) 2004-05-25 Released 2004-07-16 1130 Deer Lake R.V. Trailer Park
Gerald Beaulieu 2004-05-20 Released 2004-07-16 1129 2004 Balsam Fir Sawfly Experimental Spray Program Using NeabNPV
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Service 2004-05-17 Released 2004-07-02 1136 Pasadena Sodium Hydrosulfite Facility
Vimax Industries 2004-06-02 Released 2006-01-13 1135 Port Harmon Channel and Harbour Dredging
Port Harmon Authority Limited 2004-06-01 Released 2004-07-16 1134 Kilbride Beef Cattle Abattoir
Windy Meadows Farm 2004-06-01 Released 2004-07-16 1133 Arnold’s Cove Marina
Arnold's Cove Recreational Boaters Association Inc. 2004-05-26 Released 2004-07-16 1140 Lawn Breakwater Construction and Channel Dredging
Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2004-06-15 Released 2004-07-29 1139 St. Bernard’s Breakwater
Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2004-06-15 Released 2004-08-06 1138 Experimental Spray Using Spinosad Against Balsam Fir Sawfly
Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. 2004-06-08 Released 2004-07-29 1137 Lomond River Campground Expansion
Lomond River Lodge Limited 2004-06-03 Released 2004-07-29 1143 Abitibi-Consolidated District 12 Warfords Additional Harvest
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada 2004-07-13 Released 2004-09-10 1142 Goulds Poultry Abattoir
Mr. Dominic Power 2004-07-02 Released 2004-08-26 1141 Big Pond to Isle Aux Morts Pond ATV Trail
Mr. Peter W. Ingram 2004-06-28 Released 2004-08-31 1145 Pasadena Mult-Seasonal Recreation Facility – Western Sno-Riders Snowmobile Club Inc.
Western Sno-Riders Snowmobile Club Inc. 2004-08-05 Expired 1144 St. Brendan’s (Cottel Island) Wind Power Project
Unity Bay Energy Limited 2004-07-29 Released 2004-09-28 1147 Sugerloaf Road Wood Composite Manufacturing Facility
Newlab Plastics Ltd. 2004-08-11 Released 2004-09-28 1146 Rigolet Communications Tower Transmission Line
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2004-08-09 Released 2004-09-28 1151 Harcourt Mink Fur Farm
Mr. Jorn Mogensen 2004-08-31 Released 2004-10-26 1150 St. Lawrence All Terrain Vehicle Trail
St. Lawrence Area Trail Association 2004-08-26 Released 2004-10-26 1149 Rencontre East Transmission Line (Interconnection)
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2004-08-18 Released 2004-10-15 1148 The Arches and Flat Hills Wind Power Project (Northern Pen.)
Kruger Inc. 2004-08-17 Released 2004-10-28 1155 Port Saunders Breakwater, Wharf Construction and Dredging
Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2004-09-13 Released 2004-11-17 1154 Grand Bank to L’Anse-au-Loup Public Trail
L'Anse-au-Loup Trail Association Inc. 2004-09-10 Released 2004-10-26 1153 Glenwood Composting Facility
North Atlantic Lumber Inc. 2004-09-08 Released 2004-11-17 1152 Botwood (Northern Arm) Mink Fur Farm
Mr. Kjeld Balle Jensen 2004-08-31 Released 2004-11-01 1158 Hickey’s Pond, Swift Current ATV Trail
Mr. Lester Eddy 2004-09-29 Released 2004-11-22 1157 Little Rapids Snowmobile Trail
Humber Valley Resort 2004-09-29 Released 2004-11-22 1156 Crown Five Year Forest Mgt Plan Dist 20 (Sandwich Bay) 2005-09
Department of Natural Resources (Forestry Branch) 2004-09-17 Released 2004-12-03 1162 Paddy’s Pond Float Plane Hanger Lots & Access Road Extension
Land Management Division 2004-10-25 Released 2005-01-05 1161 Torbay Water Supply North Pond/South Pond Connection
Town of Torbay 2004-10-14 Released 2004-12-03 1160 5 Wing Goose Bay Military Use of Air Defence Countermeasures Flares
Department of National Defence 2004-10-08 Released 2004-11-22 1159 5 Wing Goose Bay Military Use of Air Defence Countermeasures Chaff
Department of National Defence 2004-10-08 Released 2004-11-22 1166 Fortune All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV Trail)
Mr. Jerry Wells 2004-12-03 Released 2005-02-21 1165 St.John’s (Goulds) Wind Farm
Anemos Energy Corporation 2004-11-26 Released 2005-01-19 1164 John Newhook’s Pond Water Supply and Access Road
Town of Norman's Cove-Long Cove 2004-11-03 Released 2004-12-23 1163 Bonne Bay Big Pond Cottage Access Road
Mr. George Maynard 2004-10-26 Released 2004-12-10 1170 Middle Arm to Burlington (Green Bay) Snowmobile Trail
Sharpe's Frozen Foods 2005-01-13 Released 2005-03-03 1169 Crown Forest Mgt District 16 (Faulkner’s Pond) Amendment
Department of Natural Resources (Forestry Branch) 2005-01-04 Released 2005-02-17 1168 South Brook to Robert’s Arm Snowmobile Trail
Green Bay Snowmobile Association 2004-12-10 Released 2005-02-11 1167 Embree Salvage Yard
Mr. Glen Nippard 2004-12-09 Released 2005-01-21 1172 CBPP Forest Mgt. District 9 (Three Corner Pond) Amendment
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper 2005-01-21 Released 2005-05-12 1171 La Scie Snowmobile Trail
Dorset Snowmobile Association 2005-01-13 Released 2005-04-20 1174 La Scie Sports and Country Club (Golf Course and Ski Trail)
La Scie Recreation Commission 2005-01-27 Released 2005-05-26 1173 CBPP Forest Management District 16 Amendment
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2005-01-21 Released 2005-05-12 1178 Eddie’s Cove East to Castor River South Snowmobile Trail
Long Range Riders Snowmobile Club 2005-02-24 Released 2005-05-12 1177 River of Ponds ATV Trail
Mr. Herbert L. House 2005-02-24 Released 2005-04-20 1176 Barton Sheep Farm
Mr. Reg Gardner 2005-02-21 Released 2005-04-20 1175 Grande Meadows (Frenchman’s Cove) Golf Course Expansion Amendment – Grande Meadows Golf Course Association Inc.
Grande Meadows Golf Course Association Inc. 2005-02-14 Withdrawn 1181 King’s Brook (Millertown Junction) Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2005-03-03 Released 2005-04-20 1180 Marble View Estates Residential Development
Sharpe's Frozen Foods 2005-03-03 Released 2005-06-01 1179 Junper’s Brook Road Stock Car Racetrack
Mr. Robert D. Hutchingss 2005-02-24 Released 2005-06-09 1185 FMD 8 Lewisporte 5-Yr Plan Amend. CBPP (Salmon Pond) – Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2005-03-22 Released 2005-07-28 1184 Pollard’s Point/Main River Snowmobile Trail
Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation 2005-03-15 Released 2005-05-10 1183 Buchans to Duck Pond Mine Transmission Line
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2005-03-10 Released 2005-05-06 1182 Pine Cove (Open Pit) Gold Mine
Anaconda Gold Corporation 2005-03-08 Released 2005-05-10 1188 Plateau Dolomite Quarry, East of Wabush Lake
Iron Ore Company of Canada 2005-04-06 Released 2005-06-09 1187 South Brook (Pasadena) Watercourse Channel Relocation – Town of Pasadena
Town of Pasadena 2005-03-29 Active 1186 District 18 CBPP 5-Yr Plan Amendment (Salmon Pond)
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2005-03-22 Released 2005-07-28 1186 Charleston Feed Kitchen and Mink Pelting Operation
Charleston Mink Company Ltd. 2005-03-29 Released 2005-06-09 1192 GarnishPond (Marystown) ATV Trail
Creston North Trail Association Inc.. 2005-04-29 Released 2005-06-30 1191 Deer Harbour (Hodges Cove) ATV Trail
Deer Harbour Trails Association Inc (Mr. Max Smith) 2005-04-14 Released 2005-06-09 1190 Hay Lake (Labrador West) Reclamation Project
Wabush Mines, Cliffs Mining Co. 2005-04-11 Released 2005-06-30 1189 Holyrood Residential Pilot Sewage Treatment System
Town of Holyrood 2005-04-08 Released 2005-05-26 1196 Seldom Access Road and Water Supply System Upgrading
Town of Seldom-Little Seldom 2005-05-20 Released 2005-07-28 1195 2005 Balsam Fir Sawfly Experimental Spray Using NeabNPV
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Servicee 2005-05-20 Released 2005-07-22 1194 Port aux Basques to Belle Isle (Appalachian) Hiking Trail
International Appalachian Trail NL Chapter Inc. 2005-05-11 Released 2005-08-16 1193 Crown District 15 Five-Year Plan Amendment (Kennedy Lake)
Department of Natural Resources 2005-05-04 Released 2005-06-30 1200 Pleasantview Mussel Processing Facility
Norlantic Processors Ltd. 2005-06-16 Released 2005-07-28 1199 Wabush PCB Storage Facility
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2005-05-31 Released 2005-07-22 1198 Lawn Mink Farm – T & E Enterprises
T & E Enterprises 2005-05-31 Rejected 1197 District 13 Forest Management Area (West Tulks) Amend
Abitibi Consolidated 2005-05-26 Released 2006-05-19 1204 Abitibi District 12 Five Year Plan Amendment (Denny’s Pond)
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada 2006-05-24 Released 2006-07-21 1203 Mount Pearl Cleaning Chemical Manufacturing
BilRoc Industries Limited 2005-06-30 Released 2005-09-02 1202 Fleur de Lys Seal & Fish Processing Plant
Sea Water Products Inc. 2005-06-30 Released 2005-08-18 1201 Lower Churchill River Exploration Project
arkland Resource Development Inc. 2005-06-22 Released 2005-08-18 1208 Bauline Line Auto Salvage and Recycling
Mr. Don Strowbridge 2005-08-17 Released 2005-10-28 1207 Stephenville Sludge Treatment (Abydoz) Wetlands
Newfoundland and Labrador Consulting Engineers Ltd. 2005-07-28 Released 2005-09-29 1206 Charlottetown Wood Processing Facility
Silas and Selma Noel 2005-07-28 Released 2005-09-29 1205 Stephenville (Hansen Highway) Auto Recycling
Dean & Rebecca Rose 2005-07-25 Released 2005-09-15 1211 Pool’s Cove All Terrain Vehicle Trail
Connaigre Peninsula ATV Group 2005-08-31 Released 2005-10-28 1210 St. John’s (Northern Pond Road) Motor Sport Park
Extreme Promotions Inc. 2005-08-24 Released 2005-10-13 1209 Holyrood to St. John’s Snowmobile Trail – Eastern Trailriders
Eastern Trailriders 2005-08-22 Withdrawn 1215 Chapel Island Mink Fur Farm
Cottlesville Farm Ltd. 2005-09-30 Released 2005-11-16 1214 Angel’s Cove Mink Fur Farm Expansion
Riverside Fur Farm Inc. 2005-09-29 Released 2005-11-16 1213 Griquet Primary Mussel Processing Plant
St. Anthony Basin Resources Inc. (SABRI) 2005-09-14 Released 2005-11-04 1212 Pasadena/Deer Lake Resort (Golf Course & Residences) Resubmission
Atec Industries Inc. 2005-09-02 Released 2005-11-04 1219 Deadman’s Bay (Lumsden) ATV Trail
Harold L. Chaulk 2005-10-12 Released 2005-12-09 1218 District 5 (Gambo-Gander) Forest Mgt. Plan Amendment
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd 2005-10-12 Released 2006-01-05 1217 Deer Lake Mink Farm
GIN Furs Inc. 2005-10-12 Released 2005-12-02 1216 Grand River Snowmobile Drag Race Track and Rally Area
Grand River Snowmobile Club (Goose Bay) 2005-10-03 Released 2005-11-18 1223 Pond Agriculture Land Drainage
Newfoundland Hatchery Ltd. 2005-11-01 Released 2005-12-22 1222 Grand Bank (Western Famine Forks) ATV Trail
Thomas Cluett 2005-11-02 Released 2006-01-05 1221 Pynn’s Brook Mink Fur Farm
Legge's Mink Farm 2005-10-19 Released 2005-12-09 1220 Abitibi Dist 12 Forest Mgt Plan Amend (Catamaran Brk)
Department of Natural Resources 2005-10-18 Released 2005-12-22 1227 Conche Nordhaven Landing Resort Development
Nordhaven Landing Inc. 2005-11-22 Released 2006-01-13 1226 Dome Mountain (Happy Valley-Goose Bay) Communications Transmission Line
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2005-11-17 Released 2006-01-13 1225 Bloomfield ATV Trail
Clarenville Area Snowmobile & ATV Assn 2005-11-15 Released 2006-02-01 1224 Argentia Wind Farm – Wind Project Inc.
Wind Project Inc. 2005-11-14 Withdrawn 1230 Heart’s Content Mink Fur Farm – Lower Trinity South Regional Dev. Association
Lower Trinity South Regional Development Association 2005-12-22 Withdrawn 1229 Charlottetown Mink Farm
Labrador Quality Furs Inc. 2005-12-07 Released 2006-02-07 1228 ‘Anse au Diable Mink Fur Farm & Feed Kitchen West St. Modeste
Labrador Fur Farms Ltd. 2005-11-22 Released 2006-01-13 1234 Humber Valley Birch Grove Estates Residential Development
Elcon Holdings Inc. 2006-01-31 Released 2006-04-04 1233 Cavendish Mink Farm
G. C. Furs 2005-01-17 Released 2006-03-24 1232 North Atlantic Refinery Storage Tank Expansion
North Atlantic Refinery Ltd. 2005-12-28 Released 2006-02-23 1231 Clarenville Mink Fur Farm – Kenneth Mogensen
Kenneth Mogensen 2005-12-22 Withdrawn 1238 South Brook (Pasadena) Watercourse Channel Stabilization
Town of Pasadena 2006-02-14 Released 2006-04-10 1237 Labrador City Carol Project Revised Tailings Management Plan
Iron Ore Company of Canada 2006-02-13 Released 2006-04-04 1236 North Pond Cottage Access Road
Mr. Rickie Kean 2006-02-09 Released 2006-04-04 1235 Dunville Healey’s Pond Amusement/RV Park
Proponent: Mr. William Pomeroy 2006-02-06 Withdrawn 1242 Incinerator Road (Foxtrap Access Road) Gravel Quarry
Cabot Ready Mix Limited 2006-03-10 Released 2006-05-15 1241 Joe Batt’s Arm All Season Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Trail
Aneas G. Emberley 2006-03-08 Released 2006-04-26 1240 Cavendish Critch’s Mink Fur Farm
Henry and Mildred Critch 2006-02-21 Released 2006-04-13 1239 Port au Port Peninsula Seismic Project
Tekoil and Gas Corporation 2006-02-21 Released 2006-05-02 1245 Carbonear Seal Tannery
Phoca G. Company Ltd. 2006-03-28 Released 2006-05-15 1244 Springdale Residential Development
Riverwood Holdings Inc. 2006-03-22 Released 2006-05-19 1243 Long Harbour Commercial Nickel Processing Plant
Vale Inco NL Ltd. 2006-03-21 Released 2008-08-26 1249 Eastern Arm Pond ATV Trail
Justin E. Watts 2006-04-07 Released 2006-05-19 1248 Buchans Mink Farm – Buchans Fur Company Ltd.
Buchans Fur Company Ltd. 2006-04-05 Withdrawn 1247 Belleoram Crushed Rock Export Quarry – Continental Stone Ltd.
Continental Stone Ltd. 2006-04-05 Released 1246 Grand Lake Remote Cottage ATV Trail
Sean Simon 2006-03-28 Released 2006-05-19 1253 Black Mountain Pond/Little Soldier’s Pond Sand Quarry
Capital Ready Mix Ltd. 2006-04-25 Released 2006-09-22 1252 Felix Cove Mink Farm
Bedo's Fur Ranch Ltd. 2006-04-26 Released 2006-06-23 1251 Flatwater Pond Cottage Development
Land Management Division 2006-04-25 Released 2006-06-23 1250 Barton Mink Fur Farm
Clarenville Fur Farm Inc. 2006-04-13 Released 2006-06-20 1257 Codroy River South Branch to North Branch ATV Trail
Alphonsus O'Quinn 2006-05-11 Released 2006-07-12 1256 Little Harbour (Deer Lake) Residential Dev. – Phase 11
Lakeside Investments Inc. 2006-05-08 Released 2006-07-12 1255 Terra Nova River Fishway Access Road – Fisheries & Oceans
Fisheries & Oceans Canada (DFO) 2006-05-02 Withdrawn 1254 Portland Creek Airport
Leonard W. Payne 2006-05-01 Released 2006-08-07 1261 Jackson’s Arm Snowmobile Trail
Nf. & Lab. Snowmobile Federation 2006-05-15 Released 2006-07-12 1260 Top Pond (Burgeo Highway) Wind Power Farm
Top Pond Wind Farm Limited Partnership 2006-05-19 Released 2006-07-28 1259 2006 Balsam Fir Sawfly Spray Program Using NeabNPV
NF & Lab. Forest Service 2006-05-16 Released 2006-06-30 1258 Abitibi Forest District 12 (Grindstone/Joe Globes Areas) Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada 2006-05-16 Released 2006-07-12 1264 Golden Gullies Access Road & Cottage Develop
Ramsay & Marcella Smallwood 2006-06-06 Released 2006-07-28 1263 Bloom Lake Iron Project Railway – Consolidated Thompson-Lundmark Gold Mines Ltd.
Consolidated Thompson-Lundmark Gold Mines Ltd. 2006-06-06 Withdrawn 1262 La Scie Mink Farm
Future Furs 2006-05-23 Released 2006-07-21 1268 Crown District 4 Five Year Operating Plan Southwest Gander Amendment – NF & Lab. Forest Service
Newfoundland & Labrador Forest Service 2006-06-15 Withdrawn 1267 Juniper Stump, Makinsons, Scrap Yard
J. and W. Metal Salvage and Recycling 2006-06-12 Released 2006-08-07 1266 Crown District 17 (Castor River) Forestry Plan Amendment
NF & Lab. Forest Service 2006-06-12 Released 2006-07-28 1265 Crown Dist 8. (Upper Scissors Pond) Forest Plan Amendment
NF & Lab. Forest Service 2006-06-07 Released 2006-07-28 1272 St. John’s (Northern Pond Rd) Motor Sport Park (Resubmission) – X-treme Promotions Inc.
X-treme Promotions Inc. 2006-06-30 Active 1271 Crown District 2 Forest Access Roads Amendment – NF & Lab. Forest Service
Newfoundland and Labrador Forest Service 2006-06-30 Withdrawn 1270 Buchans Mink Farm (Resubmission)
Buchans Fur Company Ltd. 2006-06-23 Released 2006-09-19 1269 Lethbridge Mink Fur Farm
Bonavista Mink Farms Inc. 2006-06-21 Released 2006-09-07 1276 Fermeuse Wind Turbine Power Project
Vector Energy Inc. 2006-07-11 Released 2006-09-22 1275 Cavendish (Long Pt.) Mink Fur Farm Expansion
Viking Fur Inc. 2006-07-11 Released 2006-11-03 1274 CBPP District 14 Access Road Amendment – Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd.
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd. 2006-07-05 Withdrawn 1273 Abitibi District 11 (Sandy Lake) Forestry Plan Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated 2006-07-06 Released 2006-10-04 1279 Abitibi District 10 (Peterview Ridge) Amendment
Abitibi Consolidated 2006-08-03 Released 2006-09-29 1278 South Brook Point, Pasadena Resort Development
K & W Investments Limited 2006-07-19 Released 2006-11-17 1277 Buchans Wind Power Generation
Horizon Legacy Energy Corporation 2006-07-14 Released 2006-11-09 1283 St.Lunaire-Griquet Snowmobile Trail
Town of St. Lunaire-Griquet 2006-08-15 Released 2006-10-04 1282 Abitibi Dist.12 (Captain Storms Brook) Forest Plan Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated 2006-08-11 Released 2006-11-17 1281 Stephenville Paper Mill Site Decommissioning
Abitibi-Consolidated 2006-08-07 Released 2006-10-06 1280 Bishop’s Falls South Mink Fur Farm Expansion
Champion Furs Ltd. 2006-08-07 Released 2006-11-09 1287 Rocky Pond (Harbour Breton) ATV Trail
Mr. Randy Bullen 2006-09-01 Released 2006-10-30 1286 CBPP Dist 16 (Davis Pond) Access Roads Amendment
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper 2006-08-25 Released 2006-10-20 1285 O’Regan’s Grand Codroy River Farm Access Road
Mr. Stephen Balsom 2006-08-21 Released 2006-10-20 1284 Milord Arm Cottage Access Road
Mr. Shawn Warren 2006-08-17 Released 2006-10-04 1290 Parkers Cove ATV Trail
Mr. John Brushett 2006-09-14 Released 2006-11-03 1289 Crown District 1 Five Year Forestry Operating Plan (2007-2011)
Department of Natural Resources 2006-09-05 Released 2006-12-27 1288 Robinsons River Campground
Mr. Boyd Morris 2006-09-01 Released 2006-11-24 1292 CBPP Dist. 9 & 16 Five Year Forestry Plan (2007-2011) – Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd.
2006-09-14 Released 2006-12-22 1291 Winterland ATV Trail
Winterland Trail Association 2006-09-14 Released 2006-11-09 1295 Portugal Cove Mink Fur Farm – NF Fur Farm Enterprises Inc.
NF Fur Farm Enterprises Inc. 2006-09-18 Rejected 1294 Abitibi District 5 Five year Forestry Plan (2007-2011) – Abitibi Consolidated
Abitibi Consolidated 2006-09-19 Released 2006-12-22 1293 Crown District 9, 16 Five Year Forestry Operating Plan (2007-2011)
Department of Natural Resources 2006-09-18 Released 2006-12-27 1299 CBPP Dist. 5 & 6 Five Year Operating Plan (2007-11) – Corner Brook Pulp & Paper
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper 2006-10-16 Released 2006-12-22 1298 Crown District 21 Five Year Forestry Operating Plan (2007-2011)
Department of Natural Resources 2006-10-11 Released 2006-12-28 1297 Duck Pond Mine Operations Camp
Aur Resources Inc. 2006-09-27 Released 2006-11-17 1296 Crown Dist 2 Five Year Forestry Plan (2007-2011) – Dept. of Natural Resources
Department of Natural Resources. 2006-09-19 Released 2006-12-27 1303 Shallop Cove Peatland Development
Stephenville Peat Moss Limited 2006-11-23 Released 2007-01-11 1302 Crown District 4,5,6 and 8 Five Year Forestry Plan (2007-11)
Department of Natural Resources 2006-11-06 Released 2006-12-28 1301 Newfoundland and Labrador Refining Corporation
Newfoundland and Labrador Refining Corporation 2008-10-25 Released 2008-05-02 1300 Salmonier Line RV and Recreational Resort
NL RV Resorts Inc. 2006-10-27 Released 2006-12-14 1307 Exploits Valley Mink Farm
Mr. Raymond Mullett 2006-12-12 Released 2007-02-13 1306 Baine Harbour to Parker’s Cove ATV/Walking Trail
Baine Harbour Trail Association 2006-12-11 Released 2007-01-26 1305 Lower Churchill River Hydroelectric Generation Project – Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro 2006-12-01 Released 2012-03-15 1304 Grassy Point (Placentia Bay) Liquefied Natural Gas Transshipment Terminal
Newfoundland LNG Limited 2006-11-23 Released 2007-01-19 1310 Tors Cove Farm
B & R Farming 2007-02-05 Released 2007-06-20 1309 Reidville Mink Fur Farm
DTK Agriculture Ltd. 2007-12-14 Released 2007-02-16 1308 Holyrood to St. John’s Snowmobile Trail (Resubmission)
Eastern Trailriders 2006-12-13 Released 2007-02-07 1314 Dunville Sewage Treatment Facility
Town of Placentia 2007-02-15 Released 2007-04-11 1313 Carmanville Mink Farm – Terry Wheaton
Terry Wheaton 2007-02-15 Withdrawn 1312 Clarenville Chitin Plant – Barry Group
Barry Group 2007-02-15 Withdrawn 1311 Cox’s Cove Mink Farm Expansion
NuMink Inc. 2007-02-14 Released 2007-03-29 1317 Upper Terra Nova Fishway Temporary Access Road
Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2007-02-23 Released 2007-05-11 1316 Crown Forest Dist. 17 & 18 Five-year Plan Amend.
Department of Natural Resources 2007-02-23 Released 2007-05-01 1315 New-Wes Valley to Centreville Snowmobile Trail
Kittiwake Snowmobile Association 2007-02-23 Released 2007-05-28 1320 Wabush Region Scrap Metal/Solid Waste Storage Facility – Mobile 1 Press Metal Limited
Mobile 1 Press Metal Limited. 2007-04-19 Released 2007-06-13 1319 Comfort Cove Mink Farm
Mr. John Head 2007-04-11 Released 2007-06-08 1318 CBPP Forest Mgt Dist 15 Five-Year Plan (2003-07) Amendment
Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2007-03-22 Released 2007-06-08 1321 Lamaline Mink Farm
Mr. Clem Benteau 2007-04-26 Released 2007-06-20 1322 Abitibi-Consolidated District 11 (Mill Pond) Five Year Amend.
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada 2007-04-30 Released 2007-06-20 1326 Abitibi District 12 (Harpoon) Forest Plan Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated 2007-05-09 Released 2007-07-04 1325 2007 Hemlock Looper Spray Program Using Mimic
Dept. of Natural Resources 2007-05-10 Released 2007-07-04 1324 2007 Balsam Fir Sawfly Spray Program Using Avietiv
Dept. of Natural Resources 2007-05-10 Released 2007-07-04 1323 Cormack Mink Farm Expansion
Na-tallie Ranch Limited 2007-05-07 Released 2007-06-28 1329 Crown Cape Caribou River District 19a Five Year Plan Amend.
Dept. of Natural Resources 2007-05-09 Released 2007-06-28 1328 Chapel Arm Industrial Coatings and Linings Installation
Mr. Ted Murphy 2007-05-09 Released 2007-07-04 1327 Crown District 9/16 Five Year Plan (2007-2011) Amendment
Dept. of Natural Resources 2007-05-09 Released 2007-06-20 1333 Glovertown Marina Development
Glovertown Yacht Club 2007-05-17 Released 2007-07-18 1332 St. Veronica’s Salmon/Trout Hatchery
Clear Springs Aquatics Inc. 2007-05-17 Released 2007-07-18 1331 Shallop Cove, St. George’s Quarry Extension
Galen Gypsum Mines Limited 2007-05-14 Released 2007-07-04 1330 Cavendish Mink Farm
Mr. George and Violet Coish 2007-05-09 Released 2007-06-20 1337 Tilt Hill (Burin Peninsula) ATV Trail
Mr. Randell W. Barnes 2007-06-06 Released 2007-08-23 1336 Abitibi Dist 11 (Noel Paul Brook) Amendment
Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. 2007-06-07 Released 2007-08-23 1335 Central Newfoundland Regional Waste Management Facility
Central Newfoundland Waste Management Committee 2007-06-05 Released 2007-10-01 1334 Frederickton Mink Farm
Mr. Terry Wheaton 2007-05-28 Released 2007-08-15 1340 Grande Meadows Golf Course Expansion Resubmission – Grande Meadows Golf Course Assn Inc.
Grande Meadows Golf Course Association Inc. 2007-06-11 Expired 1339 Garden Hill (Port au Port Peninsula) Seismic Program
PDI Production Inc. 2007-06-11 Released 2007-08-03 1338 Patrick’s Cove Mink Farm – Mr. David McGrath
Mr. David McGrath 2007-06-11 Withdrawn 1344 Bide Arm Mink Farm
Mr. Wade Reid 2007-07-16 Released 2007-10-18 1343 Marystown ATV Trail
Mr. Daniel Slaney 2007-07-04 Released 2007-08-15 1342 Marble Mountain/Steady Brook Zip Tours
Marble Zip Tours Ltd. 2007-06-26 Released 2007-08-15 1341 Penney’s Hill, Fox Trap Access Road Sand & Gravel Quarry
Capital Ready Mix Ltd. 2007-06-18 Released 2007-10-18 1348 Deer Lake Hotel Development
Resource Dev. Assc. Inc./Winport Dev. Inc. 2007-08-30 Released 2007-10-18 1347 Southern Harbour Breakwater and Wharf
Department of Fisheries and Oceans - Small Craft Harbours 2007-08-08 Released 2007-10-01 1346 Abitibi Five Year Forestry Plan Districts 10, 11, 12, 13 (2008-12)
Abitibi Consolidated Inc. 2007-07-30 Released 2007-10-26 1345 Crown Forest Management District 2 Five Yr. Plan (07-11) Amendment
Newfoundland and Labrador Forest Service 2007-07-18 Released 2007-10-01 1350 CBPP Dist 17 (Northern Peninsula) Five Year Forest Operating Plan (08-12)
(11 KB)Corner Brook Pulp and Paper 2007-09-20 Released 2008-01-31 1349 Crown District 7 (Bay d’Espoir) Five Year Operating Plan (08-12)
Department of Natural Resources 2007-09-14 Released 2008-01-31 1353 Crown District 17 and 18 (N. Pen.) Five Year Forest Plan (08-12)
Department of Natural Resources 2007-10-09 Released 2008-01-10 1352 The Wilds Golf Complex Additions
The Wilds at Salmonier River Inc. 2007-09-28 Released 2008-03-11 1351 Crown District 19A (Goose Bay) Five Year Forest Plan (08-12)
Department of Natural Resources 2007-09-24 Released 2008-01-10 1355 Point of Bay Pressure Treating Facility
Mr. Derek King 2007-10-24 Released 2008-03-11 1354 Happy Valley – Goose Bay Vegetable Farm
Spruce Meadow Farms Ltd. 2007-10-10 Released 2008-03-11 1356 Makkovik Sand Quarry
Makkovik Inuit Community Government 2008-10-26 Released 2008-02-11 1359 Badger’s Lake Cottage Development
Lands Management Division 2007-11-09 Released 2008-02-11 1358 Crown District 9 (Baie Verte) Five-Year Plan (2007-11) Amend.
Department of Natural Resources. 2007-10-30 Released 2007-12-19 1357 Ramea Wind-Hydrogen Diesel Project
Newfouindland and Labrador Hydro 2007-10-29 Released 2008-01-10 1363 Milton Residential Development
Shoal Investments Ltd. 2007-12-21 Released 2008-05-16 1362 Charlottetown Labrador Mink Farm
NTE Northern Fur Inc. 2008-12-04 Released 2008-04-15 1361 Corner Brook Area Emulsion Blasting Agent Man. Plant
Newfoundland Hard-Rock Inc. 2007-11-27 Released 2008-03-11 1360 Crown District 1 Five-Year Forest Plan (2007-11) Amend.
Department of Natural Resources 2007-11-22 Released 2008-03-11 1367 Main Brook Tourism Infrastructure Development
White Bay Central Dev. Assoc./Nordic Dev. 2008-02-27 Released 2008-06-20 1366 Lethbridge Agricultural Development
Triple "G" Farms 2008-02-15 Released 2008-04-08 1365 Portland Creek Agricultural Development – Brophy Dairy Farms Ltd.
Brophy Dairy Farms Ltd. 2008-01-31 Expired 1364 Englee Fish Processing Facility
Town of Englee 2008-01-31 Released 2008-05-02 1371 Burnt Berry Pond Cottage Development Plan
Proponent: Dept. of Municipal Affairs and Environment, Lands Branch 2008-03-24 Released 2008-05-16 1370 White Bay Exploration Access Trail
Northern Abitibi Mining Corporation 2008-03-24 Released 2008-06-20 1369 Come By Chance Industrial Coatings and Linings Installation
Ms.Patrina Murphy 2008-03-18 Released 2008-05-30 1368 Baie Verte Golf Course
Mr. Leroy Barker 2008-03-11 Released 2008-07-07 1375 Garden Hill Drilling and Production Program Amendment
PDI Production Inc. 2008-04-15 Released 2008-06-20 1374 Cape St. George Commercial Cottage Development
C.R.A. Holdings 2008-04-06 Released 2009-05-23 1373 Long Pond Conception Bay South Marina Development
MAE Design Limited 2008-04-03 Released 2008-07-07 1372 Port aux Basques to Belle Isle (Appalachian) Hiking Trail
International Appalachian Trail NL Chapter Inc 2008-04-01 Released 2008-06-20 1379 Schefferville Area Iron Ore Mine (James and Redmond Prop.)
Proponent: Labrador Iron Mines Ltd. 2008-05-05 Released 2010-02-16 1378 Bloom Lake Railway (Resubmission)
Proponent: Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines 2008-04-25 Released 2008-11-07 1377 Salmonier Cottage Development Plan
Dept. Municipal Affairs and Environment, Lands Branch 2006-04-23 Released 2008-07-10 1376 Central Regional Waste Management Transfer Stations
Central Waste Management Committee 2008-04-16 Released 2008-07-24 1382 Old Perlican Chitin Plant
Proponent: Quinlan Brothers Ltd. 2008-05-06 Released 2009-03-20 1381 Burin Peninsula Multipurpose Trail
Proponent: Powderhorn Trail Blazers 2008-05-06 Released 2008-08-25 1380 Elross Lake Area Iron Ore Mine
Proponent: New Millenium Capital Corporation 2008-05-05 Released 2011-01-05 1386 Glovertown Marine Vessel Maintenance/Repair Facility
Glovertown Shipyards Ltd. 2008-06-18 Released 2008-08-14 1384 District 11 Five-Year Plan 2008-12 (Lemottes Area) Amendment
AbitibiBowater 2008-05-16 Released 2008-07-03 1383 2008 Balsam Fir Sawfly Program in Western NL
Proponent: Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment, Lands Branch 2008-05-14 Released 2007-07-07 1390 Deadman’s Bay ATV Trail
Mr. Curtis Goodyear 2008-07-16 Released 2008-09-03 1389 Shabogamo Lake Cottage Access Road
Ms. Valerie and Mr. Frank Fry 2008-07-10 Released 2008-09-03 1388 Crown Forestry District 1 (Mushroom Gully) Amendment
Dept. of Natural Resources 2008-06-24 Released 2008-10-06 1387 Marystown Maine Industrial Park Development
Town of Marystown 2008-06-24 Released 2008-08-14 1393 Branch Area Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Greenhill Farm Ltd. 2008-08-12 Released 2008-10-06 1392 Labrador Straits Hiking Trail and Interpretation Centre
Lab. Straits Historical Dev. Corp. 2008-07-29 Released 2008-09-23 1391 Cartwright Junction Transportation Depot
Proponent: Dept. of Transportation and Works 2008-07-24 Released 2008-09-23 1397 CBPPL Districts 14 and 15 Five-Year Operating Plan 2009-2013
Proponent: Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Limited 2008-10-03 Released 2009-01-27 1396 Grand Falls-Windsor Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Mr. Stephen Newhook 2008-08-28 Released 2008-10-20 1395 Burin Peninsula Multipurpose Trail (Resubmission)
Proponent: Powderhorn Trail Blazers 2008-08-18 Released 2008-11-07 1394 Dunville Healey’s Pond Amusement/RV Park
Proponent: Mr. William Pomeroy 2008-08-14 Released 2008-10-20 1400 Baie Verte Marine Industrial Repair Facility
2008-12-12 Released 2009-02-25 1399 Avondale R.V. Campground and Lodge
Proponent: Ms. Jackie McGrath 2008-11-19 Released 2009-01-21 1398 Crown Districts 14 and 15 Five-Year Operating Plan 2009-2013
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2008-11-06 Released 2009-05-08 1401 Stephenville Shooting Range
Proponent: Town of Stephenville 2008-12-12 Released 2009-03-13 1404 5 Wing Goose Bay Supersonic Flight Training
Proponent: Department of National Defence 2009-01-21 Withdrawn 1403 Marystown Northwest Cottages Development
2008-12-22 Released 2009-02-25 1402 Humber Village Snowmobile Trail
Proponent: Mr. Cecil Collins and Mr. John Jenniex 2008-12-17 Released 2009-03-20 1408 White Bay Exploration Access Road
Proponent: Northern Abitibi Mining Corp. 2009-02-20 Released 2009-05-21 1407 Labrador – Island Transmission Link
Proponent: Nalcor Energy 2009-02-02 Released 2013-06-21 1406 Makinsons Area Grenade Range
Proponent: Maritime Forces Atlantic 2009-01-23 Released 2009-03-20 1405 Newtown Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Beothic Fish Processors Ltd. 2008-01-20 Rejected 1411 Parson’s Pond Oil Exploration and Access Road
Proponent: Leprechaun Resources Ltd. 2010-02-20 Released 2010-05-17 1410 Harcourt, Bonavista Peninsula, Forage Production (Crown Land #132960)
Proponent: N & O Forage Producers Inc. 2009-02-20 Rejected 1409 Harcourt, Bonavista Peninsula, Forage Production (C L #132763)
Proponent: N & O Forage Producers Inc. 2009-02-20 Released 2009-04-06 1415 Crown District 21 Five Year Operating Plan (2007-11) Amendment
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-03-25 Released 2009-05-21 1414 Whitbourne (Junction Pond) Residential Development
2009-03-20 Released 2009-05-21 1413 Crown District 19A (Goose Bay) Five-Year Operating Plan 2008-2012
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources/ Innu Nation 2009-03-11 Released 2009-05-08 1412 Ming’s Bight Gold Deposit Bulk Sample
Proponent: Tenacity Gold Mining Company Ltd. 2009-03-03 Released 2009-04-16 1418 St. Lawrence Fluorspar Mine Reactivation
Proponent: Burin Minerals Ltd. 2009-04-14 Released 2010-10-28 1417 Big Cook’s (Corner Brook) Cottage Dev. Plan
Proponent: Dept. of Environment and Cons. 2009-04-02 Released 2009-08-21 1416 Crown District 2 Five Year Operating Plan (2007-11) Amendment
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-03-26 Released 2009-05-21 1421 Botwood-Peterview Cranberry Farm
(1.7 MB) Proponent: Botwood-Peterview Cranberry (TBI) 2009-05-08 Released 2009-06-29 1420 2009 Balsam Fir Sawfly Program in Western Newfoundland
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-05-01 Released 2009-07-08 1419 Nain Trouser Lake Water Supply
Proponent: Inuit Community Gov. of Nain 2009-05-01 Released 2009-08-21 1425 Peters River Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Peters River Cranberry (TBI) 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1424 Black Duck Siding Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Mr. Robert McFatridge 2009-06-02 Released 2009-08-25 1423 Southern Bonavista Peninsula Forage Land
Proponent: David C. Smart 2009-05-28 Released 2009-07-29 1422 Crook’s Lake, Labrador Service Depot
Proponent: Department of Transportation and Works 2009-05-20 Released 2009-07-08 1429 Northern Brook, Botwood Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Mr. Ken Newhook 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1428 RECON Cranberry Farm (Peter’s River Area)
Proponent: RECON (TBI) 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1427 Glenfair Farms Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Glenfair Farms Ltd. 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1426 Red Cliff Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Mr. Stuart Dyke 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-21 1433 Lark Harbour to Wild Cove ATV/Hiking Trail
Proponent: Mr. Roy Gilbert 2009-06-10 Released 2009-08-21 1432 Tommy’s Arm River Bridge
Proponent: Town of Robert's Arm 2009-06-10 Released 2009-08-21 1431 JAG Cranberry Farm
Proponent: JAG Sod Farm Ltd. 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1430 Wooddale Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Bishop’s Cranberry Farm (TBI) 2009-06-08 Released 2009-08-06 1436 Salmonier Pond Access Road
Proponent: Gray Aqua Group Ltd. 2009-06-24 Withdrawn 1435 Bear Lake Labrador Access Road
Proponent: Mr. Steve St. Marie 2009-06-15 Released 2009-08-21 1434 La Scie Harbour Improvements
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2009-06-11 Released 2009-08-21 1440 Botwood Peter’s River/ Peter’s Pond – Quarry
Proponent: KDJ Enterprises 2009-07-27 Released 2009-11-13 1439 Salmonier Pond Access Road and Atlantic Salmon Nursery
Proponent: Gray Aqua Group Ltd. 2009-07-15 Withdrawn 1438 Victoria Golf Course
Proponent: The Rattles Golf and Country Club Ltd. 2009-07-09 Released 2009-09-02 1437 Culls Harbour – Grants Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Mr. Wade Kean 2009-06-29 Withdrawn 1444 Steel Mountain, Stephenville Magnetite Quarry
Proponent: Pennecon Ltd. 2009-09-02 Released 2009-10-22 1443 Goose Arm, Deer Lake Forage Production
Proponent: Headline Holsteins Ltd. 2009-08-31 Released 2009-11-20 1442 Gilmore Cranberry Farm, Bishop’s Falls South
Proponent: Gilmore Cranberry Co., Inc. 2009-08-03 Released 2009-10-22 1441 Wilburn Bay Road Fox Farm
Proponent: Mr. Fred Vincent 2009-07-28 Rejected 1448 Harbour Grace Value-Added Seafood Processing Facility
Proponent: Blue Ocean Sea Products Ltd. 2009-09-25 Released 2009-12-14 1447 Glenfair Farm Cranberry Farm Wooddale North
Proponent: Glenfair Farms Ltd. 2009-09-25 Withdrawn 1446 Glenfair Farms Cranberry Farm Development, Wooddale
Proponent: Glenfair Farms Ltd. 2009-09-23 Released 2009-12-30 1445 Forest Management District 9/16 Crown Five Year Operating Plan Amendment
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-09-14 Released 2009-12-14 1451 Grand Falls – Windsor Gravel/Sand Quarry
Proponent: Newhook's Cranberry Farm Inc. 2009-10-15 Released 2010-01-18 1450 St. Alban’s Salmon Hatchery
Proponent: Cold Ocean Salmon Inc. 2009-10-01 Released 2009-11-25 1449 Crown Districts 4, 5, 6, & 8 Amendment to the Five Year Operating Plan 2007-11
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-09-29 Released 2009-11-19 1455 Pinware River – Route 510 (Trans Labrador Highway) Realignment
Proponent: Dept. Transportation and Works 2009-10-30 Released 2010-02-16 1454 Bay Bulls Metal Recycling, Processing and Storage
Proponent: NLL Recycling Ltd. 2009-10-28 Released 2010-03-03 1453 Gander Bay Highway – Island Pond Cranberry Development
Proponent: 60393 Newfoundland and Labrador Corp. 2009-10-19 Released 2010-01-06 1452 Shalloway Big Pond, Musgrave Harbour, ATV Trail
Proponent: Mr. Craig Gray 2009-10-19 Released 2009-12-30 1459 Peter’s River, Botwood Quarry
Proponent: D. Byrne and Sons Ltd. 2009-12-09 Released 2010-02-01 1458 Piper’s Hole Sand Quarry
Proponent: Sparkes Trucking Limited 2009-11-24 Released 2010-02-16 1457 Northwest Arm Crown Districts 4/5/6/8 5-Year Operating Plan Amendment (2007-2011)
Proponent: Department of Natural Resources 2009-11-24 Released 2010-02-01 1456 Hiking Trail – Pouch Cove to Cape St. Francis
Proponent: East Coast Trail Association 2009-11-19 Released 2010-01-27 1462 Argentia Wind Farm Resubmission
Proponent: Wind Project Inc. 2010-01-06 Rejected 1461 Port Aux Basques to Crow Head Hiking Trail (IATNL)
Proponent: International Appalachian Trail, Newfoundland and Labrador Chapter Inc. 2009-12-23 Released 2010-03-16 1460 Southwest River, St. George’s Quarry
Proponent: Humber Valley Aggregates and Asphalt Ltd. 2009-12-22 Released 2010-02-16 1466 Crown District 1 Five-Year Operating Plan (2007-2011) Amendment
Proponent: Dept. of Natural Resources 2010-01-21 Released 2010-03-29 1465 Joan Lake Direct-Shipping Ore Project (Phase Two)
Proponent: New Millennium Capital Corp. 2010-01-20 Released 2011-03-24 1464 Fortune (Cashmere) ATV Trail
Proponent: Fortune ATV Trail Association Inc. 2010-01-11 Released 2010-04-14 1463 Holyrood Gravel/Sand Quarry
Proponent: Pennecon Ltd. 2010-01-08 Released 2011-06-08 1470 Plate Cove West Breakwater Construction
Proponent: DFO, Small Craft Harbours 2010-01-26 Released 2010-03-29 1469 Black Duck Siding Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Harry's River Cranberry Farm Ltd. 2010-01-26 Withdrawn 1468 Winterland ATV Trail
Proponent: Mr. Wallace Keeping 2010-01-26 Released 2010-03-29 1467 St. Lunaire Harbour Improvements
Proponent: DFO, Small Craft Harbours 2010-01-25 Released 2010-03-10 1473 Bay Bull Transmission Line Relocation
Proponent: Newfoundland Power Inc. 2010-01-27 Released 2010-03-29 1472 Crown District 20 Five-Year Operating Plan (2010-2014)
Proponent: Dept. of Natural Resources 2010-01-27 Released 2010-05-11 1471 Crown District 17 & 18 Five-Year Operating Plan (2008-2012) Amendment
Proponent: Dept. of Natural Resources 2010-01-26 Released 2010-04-27 1476 Incinerator Road Protein Conversion Plant
Proponent: Country Ribbon Inc 2010-03-02 Expired 1475 Flowers Hill, Botwood Peat Quarry
Proponent: Mr. Peter Byrne 2010-02-24 Released 2010-04-07 1474 Jewer’s Brook, Wooddale, Cranberry and Forage Op.
Proponent: Glenfair Farms Ltd. 2010-02-03 Released 2010-04-14 1479 Pool Cove,Harbour Breton Aquaculture Wharf and Access Road
Proponent: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Province of Newfoundland and Labrador 2010-03-09 Released 2010-05-26 1478 Peter’s River, Botwood Quarry
Proponent: Humber Valley Aggregates & Asphalt Ltd. 2010-03-04 Released 2010-06-22 1477 Aspen Brook & Exploits River Gravel/Sand Quarry
Proponent: Penney Paving Ltd. 2010-03-03 Released 2011-06-08 1483 Brown’s Arm Farm Access
Proponent: Mr. Marc Porter 2010-03-17 Released 2010-05-17 1482 Crown District 19A Five-Year Forest Management Operating Plan (Amendment)
Proponent: Dept. of Natural Resources 2010-03-17 Released 2010-05-11 1481 Baie Verte, Deer Cove Gold Mine
Proponent: Tenacity Gold Mining Company Ltd. 2010-03-11 Released 2010-05-04 1480 Baie Verte, Stog ‘er Tight Goldmine
Proponent: Tenacity Gold Mining Company Ltd. 2010-03-10 Released 2010-05-04 1486 Labrador, Hutton Garnet Beaches – South Beach Bulk Sampling
Proponent: Freeport Resources Inc. 2010-03-31 Released 2010-07-27 1485 Roddickton Pellet Plant
Proponent: Holson 2010-03-29 Released 2010-05-03 1484 Botwood Airstrip Sand Quarry
Proponent: Penney Paving Ltd. 2010-03-17 Released 2010-06-28 1489 Hawkes Bay – John Hogan Trail Extension
Proponent: Town of Hawkes Bay 2010-04-13 Released 2010-05-18 1488 Isle aux Morts Gravel Quarry
Proponent: Land and Sea Outfitting Inc. 2010-04-13 Released 2010-05-21 1487 Baie Verte, Ming Copper-Gold Mine and Nugget Pond Mill
Proponent: Metals and Mining Canada Limited 2010-04-12 Released 2010-05-18 1493 Microbial Fermentation Facility
Proponent: ICUS 2010-05-04 Released 2010-06-28 1492 Harry’s River Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Harry’s River Cranberry Farm Ltd. 2010-04-30 Released 2010-07-19 1491 Thunder Brook, Grand Falls-Windsor Quarry
Proponent: Humber Valley Aggregates and Asphalt Ltd. 2010-04-23 Withdrawn 1490 Rocky Hr. Cottage Dev. Plan Amend. 4
Proponent: Land Management Division, Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment 2010-04-14 Released 2010-07-27 1496 Clarenville Breakwater Construction and Marina Upgrade
Proponent: Clarenville Yacht Club Inc. 2010-05-07 Released 2010-07-07 1495 Ironstone River Labrador Aggregate Quarry
Proponent: North Links Construction Company Ltd. 2010-05-04 Withdrawn 1494 Bay D’Espoir Highway Cranberry Farm
Proponent: King’s Cranberry Farm 2010-05-04 Released 2010-09-03 1500 Wild Cove, Baie Verte Breakwater
Proponent: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Small Craft Harbours Branch 2010-05-14 Released 2010-07-07 1499 Tommy’s Pond ATV Trail (near Thorburn Lake)
Proponent: Tommy's Pond Trail Associaiton 2010-05-11 Released 2010-06-27 1498 George’s Brook Residential Subdivision
Proponent: Mr. Manuel Ellis 2010-05-07 Rejected 1497 Red Indian Lake Cabin Development, Millertown
Proponent: Mr. Floyd Verge 2010-05-07 Released 2010-09-23 1504 Mount Pearl Industrial Services Facility
Proponent: Talon Energy Services 2010-05-20 Released 2010-07-14 1503 Comfort Cove Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Comfort Cove Cranberry 2010-05-20 Released 2010-07-14 1502 Pinchgut Cove Cottage Subdivision
Proponent: Pinchgut Cove Development Inc. 2010-05-18 Released 2010-07-19 1501 Mount Pearl Microbial Fermentation Facility
Proponent: ICUS 2010-05-18 Released 2010-07-19 1507 Eddies Cove Area ATV Trail
Proponent: Mr. Aster Caines 2010-06-02 Released 2010-08-05 1506 Northern Labrador 5 Year Operating Plan – Forest Management District 23 (2008-2012)
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Forest Service 2010-05-27 Released 2010-07-27 1505 Forest District 2 – Five Year Operating Plan Amendment (2007-2011)
Proponent: Newfoundland and Labrador Forest Service 2010-05-25 Released 2010-07-19 1511 Fortune Area Multi-Purpose Trail
Proponent: Fortune ATV Trail Association Inc. 2010-06-10 Released 2010-08-24 1510 Forteau Cranberry Farm
Proponent: Southern Labrador Development Association 2010-06-09 Released 2010-08-24 1509 Placentia Junction Cottage Development Plan Amendment #2
Proponent: Land Management Division 2010-06-08 Released 2010-08-19 1508 Mary’s Harbour Crab Processing Facility
Proponent: Labrador Fishermen’s Union Shrimp Company Limited (LFUSC) 2010-06-03 Released 2010-07-27 1514 Pinchgut Lake Cabin Area Electrical Distribution Line
Proponent: Newfoundland Power In
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THIS THE SAMPLE OF E-BOOK IN CD-ROM WITHOUT ILLUSTRATION, THE COMPLETE CD WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND FULL INFO EXIST BUT ONLY FOR PREMIUM MEMBER,PLEASE SUBSCRIBE VIA COMMENT
The Dai Nippon Occupation Java
Part one
1942
Based On Dr Iwan’s Postal and Archives History Collections
Created By
Dr Iwan Suwandy,MHA
Private Limited E-BOOK IN CD-ROM Edition
Special For Serious Collectors and Premium Member
one of the best Dr Iwan Dai nippon archives collections is the Diary of Mr martooadmojo during he work at Djoerangsapi city east Java from august 1942 until 1844, and at the cover of the diary there were the list of Dai nippon officer who work there
119.MB,Martoadmodjo B. handwritten Diary about his work at Japanese logistic stations at Djoerang Koeda Village ‘
Bondowoso,
Basoeki Ressort east Java
which thrown away after his pass away in 1990 ,faound and became Dr Iwan collections, never publish)
At the cover of diary had written the name of Dai Nippon officer at Nippon Djoerangsapi ken
(I hove the family of this DN officer will glad to know their family there,please send comment and more info about them)
1. The city post office dai nippon djoerangsapi Inoue and Shiroga
2. Egami Djoerangsapi telephone office and Gado.
3. Tela factory Semboda Yasuda and Yamamoto
4.Tanaman cotton Kentjong M.Nishin
KK Djoerangsapi 5.Takashinaya sida: Mori
6.agen Genpi Djoerangsapi KK: Mori and Futama
Chokin 7.Yokohama Ginko (bank) Fujimoto, Fujii, and Hayashida
8.Osaka Seima KK: Nishiike
SH 9.CO Wadoeng: Maeda
10.CO landed: H.Takari
11.Kapas Sampelan: Mitsui and Mura
12.Rikuyu Jimusho Djoerangsapi: Nakashi, Oguri, Sitsuka, Ari Izumi (Suzuki), Kogo, Yamamoto, Fujimora, Tsubakibaru, Nakaki, Matsuyama, Mayama, Satoh and Matsuda
13.PETA: Saito Mataan
1.January 1942
JAPANESE PRISONERS,
captured on Bataan, being led blindfolded to headquarters for questioning.
On 1 January 1942
the Japanese entered Manila and the U.S, troops withdrew toward Bataan.
Army supplies were either moved to Bataan and Corregidor or destroyed.
The remaining forces on Bataan, including some 15,000 U.S. troops, totaled about 80,000 men. The food, housing, and sanitation problems were greatly increased by the presence of over 20,000 civilian refugees. All troops were placed on half-rations.
japanese soldiers using boats for transports (malaya 1942
Combining amphibious encirclement with frontal assault, General Yamashita was able to force the stubborn British defenders back time after time
japanese soldiers of the 5th division trying to move a truck stuck in the mud (malaya 1942)
until by 10 January
General Yamashita stood at the gates of Kuala Lumpur, on the west coast of Malaya, which his 5th Division captured the next day.
heavily camouflaged Toyota KB Truck and a type 97 tankette moving on a poorly pavemented road of malaya (1942)
art work showing tanks of the japanese army 6th Tank Regiment commanded by tank commander Colonel Kawamura attacking the british in malaya 1942
japanese soldier using a Type 97 light machine gun above a transport truck (malaya 1942)
Type 11 37 mm Infantry Gun crew on a hiden position (malaya 1942)
His eastern column meanwhile had advanced to within 100 miles of Singapore. By the middle of the month, he had united his two columns and was preparing to attack the single line the gallant defenders had formed before the plain which constitutes the southern tip of the peninsula.28
primarily to show whether one could be drawn “which would leave the Supreme Commander with enough power to improve the situation and still not give him power to destroy national interests or to exploit one theater without due consideration to another.”16
The task was a difficult one and the results were not entirely satisfactory, the British Chiefs objecting on the ground that the limitations placed on the commander were too heavy. It was sent to the Allied planners, therefore, for further study and a revised draft was prepared. This one, with slight modifications, proved acceptable and was finally approved, though with some reluctance, by all the governments involved
on 10 January 1942.17
The new command Wavell was to head was to be known as ABDACOM, for the initials of the national forces involved (American, British, Dutch, and Australian) and included Burma, Malaya, the Netherlands Indies, and the Philippines. The inclusion of the Philippines in Wavell’s command was a formal gesture and one Wavell himself wished to avoid.18 Significantly, neither China nor Australia was included in the ABDA area. (Map 2) As much for political as military reasons the former was organized as a separate theater commanded by Chiang Kai-shek, but independent of Allied control.
The Australians, though they protested their omission from the discussions in Washington and their lack of representation in the Combined Chiefs of Staff, accepted the terms of the directive and permitted their troops in the ABDA area to become a part of Wavell’s command. USAFIA (U.S. Army Forces in Australia), however, was not included in the new command on the ground that its primary responsibility was to MacArthur and its main task to support the defense of the Philippines. Soon after Wavell assumed command, when it became apparent that only limited aid could be sent to the Philippines, the mission of USAFIA was broadened to include the support of operations in the ABDA area. And the northwest portion of Australia was also added to ABDACOM at General Wavell’s request.19
The staff of the new command, it was understood, would represent all the nations concerned. The American and British Chiefs of Staff did not attempt to name Wavell’s staff, but they did seek to guard against the preponderance of one nationality in his headquarters. Thus, they stipulated that his deputy and the commander of the naval forces would be Americans, and that a British officer would command the air forces and a Dutch officer the ground forces.
The problem of protecting the interests of each nation represented in ABDACOM without unduly restricting the commander was resolved by limiting Wavell’s authority to the “effective coordination of forces.” He was given command of all forces “afloat, ashore,
MAP 2: The ABDACOM Area
and in the air,” but was permitted to exercise that control only through subordinate commanders whom he could not relieve and who had the right to appeal to their governments if they considered their orders and national interests to be in conflict. Though he could assign missions to his forces, form task forces for specific operations, and appoint their commanders, he was prohibited from altering the tactical organization of the national forces in his command, using their supplies, or controlling their communications with the home government. And in matters of logistics and administration he could exercise only the most general control.
The severe limitations placed on General Wavell’s authority were in marked contrast to the heavy responsibilities laid upon him by the chiefs in Washington. Not only was he given the task of maintaining “as many key positions as possible” under the strategic objectives already outlined (that is, to hold the Malay Barrier, Burma, and Australia), a formidable enough undertaking in itself, but he was also enjoined “to take the offensive at the earliest opportunity and ultimately to conduct an all-out offensive against Japan.” “The first essential,” the Chiefs told him, “is to gain general air superiority at the earliest possible moment.” With the lesson of the first Japanese successes still fresh in mind, they cautioned Wavell against dispersing his air forces or using them in piecemeal fashion.20
These instructions, with their emphasis on offensive operations, were probably motivated by an understandable reluctance in Washington to dedicate a command to defensive action, but there was a clear realization that the forces in the theater were then and for some time would be hard pressed even to hold their own. And even as these instructions were being written the enemy was moving swiftly and in force toward those “key positions” Wavell was to hold.
Having established the ABDA area and appointed General Wavell its commander, the American and British staffs in Washington had still to settle the problem of reinforcements to the Southwest Pacific, for it was obvious with each passing day that the situation there was rapidly worsening. This problem brought the assembled planners up against the hard fact, which was to plague them throughout the war, that there were not enough ships to do all the jobs required. They had earlier in the conference agreed ‘that American troops would be sent to Iceland and northern Ireland, and that landings might be made in North Africa later in the year. The shipping requirements for these operations alone were so great that the North Atlantic sailings were approved only on the understanding that they would be discontinued “if other considerations intervened.”21 The necessity for speeding up the schedule of reinforcements to the Southwest Pacific created an additional and immediate demand for the ships already allocated to the North Atlantic projects and led to a re-examination of the entire shipping shortage.
The debate over Atlantic versus Pacific priority on shipping was precipitated
(ibid American Army In WW II)
On the 10th of January 1942,
the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies.
The newspapers brought us a lot of bad news. My father had long ago advised me to read some of the articles I liked from the Malanger and the Javabode starting since I was almost eleven years old, so now I could read all the bad news in the papers when I was at our
Sumber Sewu, plantation home near the East Java city of Malang during the weekends.
Now and then we saw Japanese planes flying over Java. I found it all strange and very unreal. The only Japanese I knew where those living in Malang; they were always very polite and friendly towards us. But from now on Japan was our enemy
.(true story By Elma)
January,11th.1942
by Admiral Stark,
who, on 11 January, a day after
General Wavell arrived in Batavia with General Ter Poorten
but before he assumed command, reviewed the critical situation in the Far East and raised the question of diverting ships from the less critical North Atlantic route to the Pacific.
In this he had the support of General Marshall and Admiral King, but the British, in the belief that Singapore would hold and anxious for the Americans to relieve then in Iceland and Ireland, sought other ways to find the ships.
The matter was finally referred to the shipping experts who reported the next day that by delaying the North Atlantic sailings one month, which would have the effect also of delaying the proposed North African operation, and by reducing lend-lease shipments to the Soviet Union, it would be possible to send aircraft, gasoline, artillery, and about 22,000 men across the Pacific on 20 January and an additional 23,300 British troops shortly after.
The Chiefs accepted this solution, as did the President and Prime Minister when Mr. Hopkins assured them that ships would be found to keep supplies moving to the Soviet Union.22 The minimum force principle for allocation of resources to the Pacific had now been stretched so far as to justify the postponement of troop movements to Iceland and northern Ireland and, in part at least,
the delay of the North African landings. In the days to come it. was to be stretched even further.
Japanese landings in British territory at
Singapore
on 15 February 1942
In the campaign, which concluded with the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942, Yamashita’s 30,000 front-line soldiers and 200 tanks fought against a poorly equiped force with no armored force, Yamashita’s force captured 130,000 British, Indian and Australian troops, the largest surrender of British-led personnel in history
officer of the 5th infantry division sergeant saito leading his man (singapore, 1942)
The Japanese Campaign and Victory 8 December 1941 – 15 February 1942: Lieutenant-General Percival and his party carry the Union Jack on their way to surrender Singapore to the Japanese.
The Japanese landing off the west coast of British North Borneo, 1942
west borneo
Singkawang
Read more info
The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942
The following article is taken from the British Official History book:
The War Against Japan – Volume I – The Loss of Singapore (Chapter XIII) by Major-General S. Woodburn Kirby,
the Japanese Monograph No.26: Borneo Operations 1941-1945, USAFFE 1958 and
from numerous additional information kindly provided by
Allan Alsleben, Henry Klom, Tim Hayes, Coen van Galen, Pierre-Emmanuel Bernaudin and Graham Donaldson.
The Invasion of British Borneo 1942
In 1863 Great Britain granted recognition of Sarawak as an independent and sovereign country. However, this was not what Sir James Brooke, 1st Rajah of Sarawak, desired. He tried several times to gain Protectorate Status of Sarawak from Great Britain. For he knew that in time of war, Sarawak would not be able to defend itself without the help of one of the Great Powers of the time. Sadly, this proved to be true during the Chinese Uprising of 1857. Sarawak was nearly defenceless until the rather late arrival of a British Fleet from Singapore. It was during this time that Sir James Brooke began to think seriously about offering Sarawak to the United States as a colony.
Several years prior to 1863, Sir James sent a letter to then U.S. President James Polk. In this letter he offered Sarawak to the United States. The only pre-condition was that he be allowed to remain in power. Sadly, this letter was never read by President Polk.
The United States, then pre-occupied with the looming Civil War between North and South, never seriously considered Sir James’ offer. It was not until 1863 that President Abraham Lincoln replied to the letter sent almost 4 years earlier by Sir James. President Lincoln politely declined Sir James’s offer. Sir James then offered Sarawak to the Dutch, Belgians, Italians, French, and finally the Portuguese. The only serious offer came from Belgium. However, the King of the Belgians set too many strict preconditions which did not suit Sir James Brooke. With the exception of Belgium, the other nations being pre-occupied with their own issues in the region did not wish to expand their already over-stretched resources by taking in Sarawak. As a result, Sir James Brooke was “forced” into the arms of Great Britain, a nation whose respect he had yet to earn.
In 1888, Great Britain, after refusing to offer protection to Sarawak for so many years suddenly offered it. However, it was not granted in the protection of the interests of Sarawak, but in the interest of the British Empire. Apparently, Great Britain suddenly became aware that another European Power could easily take Sarawak for themselves. This is the reason why the British finally offered Sarawak protection. Under the 1888 agreement, negotiated by Sir Charles Anthony Brooke, 2nd Rajah of Sarawak, all the foreign affairs of Sarawak were to the responsibility of British Government. Internal affairs remained the responsibility of the Brooke Rajahs.
In accordance with this 1888 Agreement, Great Britain despatched troops and material to bolster the defences of Sarawak during the 1930s. During the late 1930s the Royal Air Force based 205th RAF Squadron at Kuching. This was a seaplane squadron consisting of Walrus Flying Boats. However, this was withdrawn in 1941 and returned to Singapore.
Realizing that war was imminent, the Brooke Government, under Sir Charles Vyner Brooke, conducted preliminary work to establish airstrips at selected locations throughout the country.
These airstrips would be located at Kuching, Oya, Mukah, Bintulu, and Miri. By 1938 work was completed on all the airstrips except Bintulu, which was discontinued in October 1938 due to financial reasons.
On 26 September 1938, the Kuching Airstrip was opened. It was situated at the 7th Mile (Bukit Stabar) and measured 700 meters long by 300 meters wide.
However, despite the modern air facilities available, the RAF stationed no aircraft in Sarawak during 1941. In addition, the Royal Navy withdrew from Sarawak, and the British Protectorates of Labuan and North Borneo in 1940.
With no air or sea forces stationed in or around Sarawak, the British government encouraged the Brooke Regime to adopt a “scorched earth policy” in the event of a Japanese attack.
The Singapore Conference of October 1940 further presented the dismal defence situation of Sarawak by stating that without command of the sea or air, it would be pointless to defend Sarawak and the other British colonies in the area. An alternative plan was proposed by Air Vice-Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham which suggested that 200 RAF and Royal Dutch Aircraft be used to defend the territories of Sarawak, Labuan, Brunei, and British North Borneo. Brooke-Popham stated that this should be sufficient to defend the territories against any Japanese attack. His request for such an outrageous amount of aircraft was declined by the British and Dutch governments on the grounds that they were simply not available.
Later, it was proposed to develop a Denial Scheme. Returning to the “scorched-earth” policy mentioned earlier, Denial Schemes were in place to destroy the oil installations at Miri and Lutong. In addition, the Bukit Sabir Airfield (11 km south of Kuching, the capital of Sarawak), was to be held as long as possible, then would be destroyed.
The prelude to the war
The island of Borneo is a land of primeval jungle. The coasts are fringed with mangrove and swamp, and over nine-tenths of the interior is covered with thick evergreen forests.
In 1941 the population was small – that of the whole island was estimated at less than three million – and there were less than a dozen settlements large enough to be called towns. There were few roads and only one short railway; communication was by the many waterways or by narrow jungle paths. Much of the interior was unexplored, or very inadequately known. It was rich in oil and other raw materials.
The island was partly Dutch and partly British. British Borneo lay along its northern seaboard and comprised the two states of British North Borneo and Sarawak, the small protected State of Brunei, and the Crown Colony of Labuan Island.
Borneo occupies a position of great strategic importance in the south-west Pacific. It lies across the main sea routes from the north to Malaya and Sumatra on the one hand, and Celebes and Java on the other. Strongly held, it could have been one of the main bastions in the defence of the Malay barrier, but neither the Dutch nor the British had the necessary resources to defend it. The available forces had to be concentrated further south for the defence of Singapore and Java, and all that could be spared for Borneo and the outlying Dutch islands were small detachments at important points which it was hoped might prove a deterrent to attack.
To gain control of the oilfields, to guard the flank of their advance on Malaya and to facilitate their eventual attack on Sumatra and western Java, the Japanese decided, as a subsidiary operation to their Malayan campaign, to seize British Borneo. This operation was launched by Southern Army eight days after the initial attack on Malaya.
The oilfields in British Borneo lay in two groups: one at Miri close to the northern boundary of Sarawak, and the other thirty-two miles north, at Seria in the State of Brunei. The crude oil was pumped from both fields to a refinery at Lutong on the coast, from which loading lines ran out to sea.
Landings were possible all along the thirty miles of beach between Miri and Lutong and there was, with the forces available, no possibility of defending the oilfields against determined attacks. Plans had therefore been made for the destruction of the oil installations. Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, Commander-in-Chief Far East, decided it would be prudent to honor the 1888 defence agreement with Sarawak. Consequently, in late 1940, he ordered the 2nd Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment, a heavy 6-inch gun battery from the Hong Kong-Singapore Royal Artillery, and a detachment of 35th Fortress Company (Royal Engineers) to proceed to Kuching (British North Borneo).
In December 1940
a company of 2/15th Punjab was sent to Miri for the protection of the demolition parties, and
in May 1941
the rest of 2/15th Punjab was sent there to provide a garrison. This lone battalion consisted of approximately 1,050 soldiers under the command of Major C.M. Lane. For the defence of Sarawak region, it was deployed as follows:
At Miri was deployed a force of 2 officers, and 98 other ranks:
• 1 Infantry Company from 2/15 Punjab Regiment
• 6″ Hong Kong-Singapore Royal Artillery Battery
• 1 Platoon of Royal Engineers
These troops were entrusted with the destruction of Miri Oil Fields. It was to be known as the Miri Detachment.
At Kuching was deployed a force of 1 officer, and 52 other ranks:
• 6 Platoons of infantry from 2/15 Punjab Regiment
These troops were to conduct a delaying action at the Bukit Stabar Airfield outside of Kuching. They were to be known as the Kuching Detachment. The other troops from the 2/15 Punjab were to be deployed piecemeal at the other airfield and oil facilities in Sarawak.
In addition, the Brooke Government mobilized the Sarawak Rangers. This force consisted of 1,515 troops who were primarily Iban and Dyak tribesmen trained in the art of jungle warfare led by the European Civil Servants of the Brooke Regime. British Lieutenant Colonel C.M. Lane who commanded the battalion was placed in charge of all forces in Sarawak, which included the native Volunteer Corps, Coastal Marine Service, the armed police and a body of native troops known as the Sarawak Rangers. Collectively, this force of 2,565 troops was known as “SARFOR” (Sarawak Force).
In August 1941
a partial denial scheme, which reduced the output of oil by seventy per cent, was put into effect. It was also decided that no attempt should be made to defend British North Borneo, Brunei or Labuan, and
the Governor of North Borneo, Mr. Robert Smith,
was informed that the Volunteers and police were to be used solely for the maintenance of internal security. It was however decided to defend Kuching because of its airfield, and because its occupation by the enemy would give access to the important Dutch airfield at Singkawang II, sixty miles to the southwest and only some 350 miles from Singapore.
The country between Kuching and the sea is roadless, but is intersected by a number of winding waterways which flow through mangrove swamps to the sea. There are two main approaches to the town: the first by the Sarawak River, which is navigable by vessels up to sixteen foot draught; and the second by the Santubong River, which will take vessels up to twelve foot draught. The roads from Kuching run east to Pending, north-west to Matang, and south to Serian a distance of forty miles from Kuching. The airfield lay seven miles south of the town on the Serian road. At the airfield a road branched off to the west; after crossing the Sarawak River at Batu Kitang, where there was a vehicular ferry, it terminated at Krokong fifteen miles short of the Dutch frontier.
There were two plans of defence that were proposed- Plan A and Plan B.
Plan A called for a mobile defence. The objective was to hold the Bukit Stabar Airfield as long as possible. Further delaying actions were also to be conducted so as to allow for the proper execution of the denial schemes. If enemy resistance was such that it could not be delayed, then the airfield would be destroyed and the entire force would retreat into the mountains and jungles in small parties and fight as a guerrilla force for as long as possible. Unfortunately, at
the Anglo-Dutch Military Conference
during September 1941 held in Kuching,
it was pointed out that Plan A could not be carried out if the Japanese landed 3,000 to 5,000 men with air and sea support. J.L. Noakes, the defeatist Sarawak Secretary for Defence, had continued to argue the inadequacy of SARFOR and that it had no hope against the Japanese if they landed in force. His idea was to take a ‘wait and see’ attitude and continue to appeal to Singapore for more troops and equipment. In the event that this was not forthcoming, Sarawak should surrender so as to prevent any bloodshed. Rajah Sir Charles Vyner Brooke, was completely against this defeatist talk and vehemently argued that Sarawak should put up a fight, a fight to maintain the honor of the Brooke Raj. At the end it was decided that the town could not be defended against the weight of attack which was to be expected, and the plan was reluctantly changed to one of static defence of the airfield.
During late November 1941, Lieutenant-General A.E. Percival, GOC Malaya Command, took a 2-day tour of Sarawak to assess the adequacy of its defence preparations. He summarized the situation as follows: “Nobody could pretend that this was a satisfactory situation, but at least it would make the enemy deploy a larger force to capture Sarawak than would have been necessary if it had not been defended at all and that, I think, is the true way to look at it…the best I could do was to promise to send them a few anti-aircraft guns and too tell them of the arrival of Prince of Wales and Repulse, which were due at Singapore in a few days…not that I expected anit-aircraft guns to be of much practical value. But I felt that the moral effect of their presence there would more than counterbalance some slight dispersion of force”.
As a result of Percival’s assessment of Sarawak’s defences, an alternative plan of action was proposed, Plan B. This was based on static defence. All available troops and supplies were to be concentrated within a 5.5 kilometer perimeter of the Bukit Stabar Airfield to ensure that its destruction was not interfered with. The rationale for Plan B was presented by Brooke-Popham as follows: “The only place which it was decided to hold was Kuching, the reason for this being not only that there was a modern airfield at this location, but that its occupation by the enemy might give access to the Dutch airfields in Borneo, furthermore, it would also give the enemy access to Singapore. Being only some 350 miles from said place”.
Further orders were issued by Vyner Brooke that all the Civil Servants not assigned to the Sarawak Rangers were to remain at their posts. No thought must be given to the abandonment of the native population by any European officer of the Brooke Raj.
The Brooke Government which had already heard of
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (on 7 December 1941)
quickly ordered the complete and total destruction of the oil fields and airfields at Miri and Seria. Orders for the demolition of the refinery at Lutong and the denial of the oilwells reached the officer commanding at Miri
on the morning of the 8th December,
and by the evening of the same day the task was completed. On the following day the landing ground there was made unfit for use, and on the 13th the Punjabis and the oil officials left by sea for Kuching. The destruction of the oilfields had been completed none too soon.
(Japanese troops advancing through Malaya)
Throughout much of World War II, British Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak were under Japanese occupation.
The Japanese Empire commenced the Pacific War with the invasion of Kota Bahru in Kelantan
on 8 December 1941 at 00:25,
about 90 minutes before the Attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii at 07:48 on 7 December Hawaii time, or 01:48 on 8 December Malayan time.
They then invaded the island of Borneo in mid December 1941, landing on the west coast near Miri in Sarawak; invasion was completed by 23 January 1942 when they landed at Balikpapan in Dutch Borneo on the east coast. During the occupation an estimated 100,000 people were killed.
Defence in Sarawak and North Borneo
The main objectives were the oilfields at Miri in Sarawak region and Seria in Brunei. The oil was refined at Tutong near Miri. Despite rich oil supplies, the Sarawak region had no air or sea forces to defend it.
Only in late 1940 did Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham order the 2nd Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment, a heavy 6-inch gun battery from the Hong Kong-Singapore Royal Artillery, and a detachment of 35th Fortress Company (Royal Engineers) to be positioned at Kuching. They numbered about 1,050 men. In addition, the Brooke White Rajah government also organised the Sarawak Rangers. This force consisted of 1,515 men who were primarily Iban and Dyak tribesmen. Altogether these forces were commanded by British Lieutenant Colonel C.M. Lane and was known as “SARFOR” (Sarawak Force).
After having heard of the attack on Pearl Harbor, on 8 December 1941, the Brooke government instructed that the oilfields at Miri and Seria and refinery at Lutong be quickly demolished.
Japanese landing and the battle
The main Japanese force, led by Major General Kiyotake Kawaguchi, consisted of units from Canton, southern China:
35th Infantry Brigade Headquarters
124th Infantry Regiment from Japanese 18th Division
2nd Yokosuka Naval Landing Force
4th Naval Construction Unit
1 platoon of the 12th Engineer Regiment
1 unit from the 18th Division Signal Unit
1 unit from the 18th Division Medical Unit
4th Field Hospital, 18th Division
1 unit from the 11th Water Supply and Purification Unit
On 13 December 1941,
the Japanese invasion convoy left Cam Ranh Bay in French Indochina, with an escort of the cruiser Yura (Rear-Admiral Shintaro Hashimoto) with the destroyers of the 12th Destroyer Division, Murakumo, Shinonome, Shirakumo and Usugumo, submarine-chaser Ch 7 and the aircraft depot ship Kamikawa Maru. Ten transport ships carried the Japanese 35th Infantry Brigade HQ under the command of Major-General Kiyotake Kawaguchi. The Support Force consisted of Rear-Admiral Takeo Kurita with the cruisers Kumano and Suzuya and the destroyers Fubuki and Sagiri.
The Japanese forces intended to capture Miri and Seria, while the rest would capture Kuching and nearby airfields. The convoy proceeded without being detected and,
at dawn on 15 December 1941,
two landing units secured Miri and Seria with only very little resistance from British forces. A few hours later, Lutong was captured as well.
Meanwhile, on 31 December 1941,
the force under Lieutenant Colonel Watanabe moved northward to occupy Brunei, Labuan Island, and Jesselton (now called Kota Kinabalu). On 18 January 1942, using small fishing boats, the Japanese landed at Sandakan, the seat of government of British North Borneo.
The North Borneo Armed Constabulary, with only 650 men, hardly provided any resistance to slow down the Japanese invasion.
After securing the oilfields, on 22 December,
the main Japanese forces moved westwards to Kuching. The Japanese airforce bombed Singkawang airfield to prevent a Dutch attack. After a battle between the Japanese fleet and a Dutch submarine, the fleet approached
the mouth of the Santubong river on 23 December.
The convoy arrived off Cape Sipang and the troops in twenty transport ships, commanded by Colonel Akinosuke Oka, landed at 04:00, 24 December. Although 2nd Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment resisted the attack, they soon became out-numbered and retreated up the river. By the afternoon, Kuching was in the hands of Japanese forces.
At about 16:40 on 25 December,
the Japanese troops successfully captured Kuching airfield. The Punjab regiment retreated through the jungle to the Singkawang area. After Singkawang was secured as well on 29 December, the rest of the British and Dutch troops retreated further into the jungle southward trying to reach Sampit and Pangkalanbun, where a Dutch airfield at Kotawaringin was located. South and central Kalimantan were taken by the Japanese Navy following attacks from east and west. After ten weeks in the jungle-covered mountains, the Allied troops surrendered on 1 April 1942. Lastly, Sarawak fell into the hands of The Empire of Sun.
(Hinomaru Yosegaki – Japanese WWII Good Luck Flag)
The map of the Dutch East Indies 1941-1942
On 1 January 1942,
two infantry platoons commanded by a company commander landed on Labuan Island, capturing the British Resident, Hugh Humphrey who later recalled: “I was repeatedly hit by a Japanese officer with his sword (in its scabbard) and exhibited for 24 hours to the public in an improvised cage, on the grounds that, before the Japanese arrived, I had sabotaged the war effort of the Imperial Japanese Forces by destroying stocks of aviation fuel on the island”. [1] On 8 January, Kawaguchi proceeded to Jesselton and having occupied that town and Beaufort, where he disarmed the small police unit. Using ten small fishing boats, two infantry companies (minus two platoons), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Watanabe, captured Sandakan, the seat of government of British North Borneo, and rescued the 600 interned Japanese citizens.
On the morning of the 19th January,
the Governor Robert Smith surrendered the State and, refusing to carry on the administration under Japanese control, was interned with his staff. This unit then captured Tawau and Lahad Datu on the 24th and 31st respectively. This time they freed a further 1,500 Japanese citizens. The Japanese forces suffered no combat casualties during this operations.
The convoy which left Miri
on the 22nd of December
was escorted by the cruiser Yura, the destroyers Murakumo, Shirakumo and Usugumo, the minesweepers W 3 and W 6 and the aircraft depot ship Kamikawa Maru. Covering Force was consisted of cruisers Kinu, Kumano and Suzuya, with the destroyers Fubuki and Sagiri.
West of Covering Force was the 2nd Division of the 7th Cruiser Squadron (Mikuma and Mogami) with destroyer Hatsuyuki. It was sighted and reported to Air Headquarters, Far East, by Dutch reconnaissance aircraft on the morning of the 23rd, when it was about 150 miles from Kuching.
At 11.40 that morning
twenty-four Japanese aircraft bombed Singkawang II airfield, so damaging the runways that a Dutch striking force which had been ordered to attack the convoy was unable to take off with a bomb load.
Despite the critical situation the Dutch authorities urged the transfer of their aircraft to Sumatra.
Air Headquarters, Far East, agreed
and during the afternoon of the 24th
the aircraft were flown to Palembang.
The convoy did not however escape unscathed.
On the evening of the 23rd
it was first attacked by Dutch submarine K-XIV (Lt.Cdr. C.A.J. van Well Groeneveld) sank two enemy ships and damaged two others,
and the following night of 23/24 December 1942
another Dutch submarine K-XVI (Lt.Cdr. L.J. Jarman) torpedoed the IJN destroyer Sagiri (1,750 tons) near Kuching, Sarawak.
Their own torpedoes caught on fire and the ship simply blew up, killing immediately 121 officers and men.
The IJN destroyer Shirakumo and minesweeper W 3 rescued 120 survivors. The K-XVI was herself sunk by Japanese submarine I-66 (Cdr. Yoshitome) on her way back to Soerabaja.
Five Bristol Blenheims of 34th (B) RAF Squadron from Singapore, at almost extreme range, bombed the ships at anchor the same evening, but did little damage.
The convoy was seen at 6 p.m. on the 23rd
approaching the mouth of the Santubong River. Two hours later Colonel Lane received orders from Singapore to destroy the airfield.
It was too late to change back to mobile defence and, as there seemed to him no point in attempting to defend a useless airfield, he asked General Percival for permission to withdraw as soon as possible into Dutch north-west Borneo.
While awaiting a reply Lane concentrated his battalion at the airfield, with forward detachments in the Pending area east of the town and on the roads to the north of it, 18-pounder gun and 3-inch mortar detachments covering the river approaches, and a Punjabi gunboat platoon, working with the Sarawak Rangers and the Coastal Marine Service, patrolling north of Kuching.
The convoy proceeded westward, arriving at a point, east of Cape Sipang
at 0300 on the 24th. At 0120,
the IJN transport Nichiran Maru with Colonel Akinosuke Oka arrived at the prearranged anchorage off the mouth of the Santubong River.
At 0400,
the unit aboard the IJN transport Nichiran Maru, commanded by Colonel A. Oka, completed its transfer to landing barges and proceeding west of Cape Sipang.
At about 9 a.m.
twenty enemy landing craft were observed approaching the shore.
The small Punjabi gunboat platoon, hopelessly outnumbered, withdrew up the river without loss.
At 11 a.m.
as they neared the town the landing craft were engaged by the gun and mortar detachments, who sank four before themselves being surrounded and killed. During the afternoon three more craft were sunk by gunfire, but the remainder were able to land their troops on both sides of the river,
and by 4.30 p.m.
the town was in Japanese hands.
Meanwhile Lane had been instructed by Percival to hold the Japanese for as long as possible and then act in the best interests of west Borneo as a whole.
Since the capture of the town threatened to cut off the forward troops, Lane ordered them to withdraw to the airfield.
The Japanese followed up
and before dark
made contact with the airfield defences.
Throughout the night
sporadic firing went on as they felt their way round the perimeter.
Major-General Kawaguchi received a report from his intelligence officer that there was approximately 400-500 British troops in the vicinity of the Kuching airfield.
December,25th.1941
As Christmas Day dawned,
firing temporarily ceased and advantage was taken of the lull to send the hospital detachment with the women and children on ahead into Dutch Borneo.
During the morning
the Japanese encircling movement continued, and a company was sent to hold the ferry crossing at Batu Kitang so as to keep the road clear for escape.
A general withdrawal into Dutch Borneo was ordered to start at dusk, but heavy firing was heard to the north of Batu Kitang shortly after noon and, fearing that his line of retreat would be cut, Lane decided on immediate withdrawal.
The enemy, reinforced by the 2nd Yokosuka SNLF, soon aware of his intention, launched a full-scale attack on the two Punjabi companies forming the rearguard.
Of these two companies only one platoon succeeded in rejoining the main body. The remainder, totaling four British officers and some 230 Indian troops, were cut off and either killed or captured.
At about 1640 on the 25th,
the Japanese troops completely secured the Kuching airfield. The Japanese losses during this operation (including those at sea) were about 100 killed and 100 wounded. The rest of the battalion reached Batu Kitang without loss to find the village deserted and the ferry unattended.
They had great difficulty in crossing the river, but by dark all except the covering force were over. Most of the transport had to be left behind.
. From the 26th
‘Sarfor’ ceased to exist as a combined Indian and State Force, and the Punjabis, much reduced in strength, carried on alone
December,27th.1941
Following the capture of Kuching airfield, the Detachment commander ordered Colonel Oka to secure the strategic area around Kuching with the main force of the 124th Infantry Regiment, while he with one infantry battalion (excluding two companies)
left Kuching on the 27th and returned back to Miri.
The main body made its way to Krokong. There the road ended, and the remaining vehicles and heavy equipment had to be abandoned. There, too, the Sarawak State Forces, in view of their agreement to serve only in Sarawak, were released to return to their homes
December,31st.1941
Renewed Japanese attacks threatened to cut off the covering force, but it managed to make good its escape to the southward, and after a march of about sixty miles through dense jungle with little food or water
rejoined the battalion at Singkawang II airfield on the 31st.
.
On the morning of the 27th
the column crossed the border into Dutch Borneo and two days later arrived at Singkawang II airfield where there was a garrison of 750 Dutch troops.
It was realized at Headquarters, Malaya Command, that the Punjabis would be urgently in need of food and ammunition.
On the 30th December
And
then Japanese troops landing Tarakan,
They managed to get through barbed wire, to destroy all machine-gun nests and killing almost all Dutch commanding officers with knives.
They soon captured the first and second row of barracks.
At daybreak the Dutch garrison commander, Lieutenant Colonel S. de Waal, discovered that front line is weak and that all further resistance would be useless.
He dispatched a messenger, under a flag of truce, with an offer to surrender.
Colonel Kyohei Yamamoto, commander of the Right Wing Unit, immediately wired the commander of the Sakaguchi Detachment, informing him of the enemy’s surrender.
After the Dutch troops finally surrendered, the 2nd Kure Special Naval Landing Force advanced rapidly to the Tarakan airfield and occupied it
by the morning of January 12th.
During this advance the unit was bombed by Dutch bombers from Samarinda II airfield and 18 Japanese soldiers were killed. At 1200 hours one infantry company dispatched from the Right Wing Unit also
Japanese troops occupied the village of Djoewata
with a Dutch coastal battery located there at the north end of the island.
During this first fightings Japanese managed to capture a group of about 30 KNIL soldiers. When this group refused to tell them how to get to the main city of the island, they were all stabbed to death with Japanese rifles. Only one men survived this massacre. He managed to drag himself to a hospital where he recovered. The Left Wing Unit Operations, Tarakan Island, January 1942
The Left Wing Unit landed at the prearranged point at 0300
On January, the 11th
1942
and advanced west into the jungle toward the rear of the Dutch coastal battery which it was supposed to destroy. Due to the dense jungle and the steep terrain, the unit was able to advance only 100 meters per hour. After losing its way several times, the unit finally came out in the rear of the Dutch coastal battery around 1700 on the 12th. The Sakaguchi Detachment Headquarters had lost track of the movements of the Left Wing Unit and there had been no report from the officer who was sent out to contact the unit.
Therefore, at midnight on the 11th, Lieutenant Colonel Namekata from the artillery unit was ordered to land with one infantry company with the mission of capturing the Dutch coastal battery, which was the main objective of the Left Wing Unit. At approximately 0200 on the 12th Lieutenant Colonel Namekata’s unit landed at the same point as had the Left Wing unit, proceeded along the coast and by daybreka reached a position in front of the battery. Initially, it was planned that the Detachment Headquarters was to land in the same area as the Right Wing Unit, immediately after the area was secured and than proceed by land to city of Tarakan. However, because Right Wing Unit had lost it way the Headquarter could not land as scheduled. On the 12th, upon learning of the Dutch forces to surrender, the Headquarter arranged with the Navy to land on Tarakan Island.
On the 12th,
the following message was received by the Naval Forces: “Although the enemy has offered to surrender, it is feared that the coastal battery located at the south end of the island is not aware of this and it would be dangerous to proceed to the Tarakan pier, therefore held up your sailing”. In spite of this message, the warning was ignored and the movement went on as planned. When the six minesweepers entered the bay, they were fired on by the Dutch coastal battery and two minsweepers W 13 and W 14 were hit by 4.7 inch grenades and sank with most of its crew.
This were Japanese only naval losses in this action.
The naval commander later promised amnesty for the guncrews and based on this promise the Dutch Island Commander managed to persuade the guncrews to surrender. The Japanese Army Commander on the other hand was to brutal to have the prisoners turned over to him. So he ordered to tie the men into small groups of three. Some time later they were thrown into the water where all 219 Dutch soldiers drowned.
The commander of the Sakaguchi Detachment,
Major-General Shizuo Sakaguchi,
left his ship at about noon on the 12th and landed at
the mouth of Amal RiverTarakan
arriving at the office of the British Petroleum Manufacturor at sunset.
On the morning of 13th, he accepted the enemy commander and formally accepted his surrender. Mopping-up the island was completed on the 13th. On the 14th, the entire Sakaguchi Detachment boarded the ships and left the island. Their new objective was Balikpapan All prisoners of war were executed by the Japanese in retaliation for the destruction of the oil installations; an event that was repeated later in Balikpapan. The Japanese soldier on guard on Tarakan Island, 1942. The photo was taken shortly after the Japanese occupied the island
a Dutch possession, fell on
January 12th 1942
after a brief but vicious struggle, the Japanese killing most of the Dutch officers at close quarters with knives. Tarakan in hand,
Battle of Tarakan
Part of World War II Date
11 January 1942
Location Tarakan Island, Netherlands East Indies Result Decisive Japanese Victory Combatants Empire of Japan Kingdom of the Netherlands Commanders Major General Shizuo Sakaguchi Lieutenant Colonel S. de Waal Strength Over 6,600 Over 1,300 Casualties 255 killed All killed in battle or executed after surrendering
156: Tarakan Island – Dortmund Amateur Wargamers – Best of Show award
the Japanese commander, General Sakaguchi, prepared to move against his next objective, Balikpapan.
He sent two captured Dutch officers as envoys to Lt. Colonel C. van den Hoogenband, the Balikpapan garrison commander.
They delivered a written ultimatum demanding surrender.
The message included a warning:
When the Balikpapan garrison destroys the natural resources and oil installations at Balikpapan and the surrounding country, all commanding officers, their Dutch soldiers and other Dutchmen related to them will be killed without exception. [2]
Undaunted, Hoogenband ordered the oil facilities to be put to the torch. Samethini took part in this operation, the resulting fires and explosions sending thick pillars of black smoke into the sky.
General Sakaguchi’s ultimatum
Smoke rises from burning oil facilities at Balikpapan (January 1942)Photo Source: Netherlands Institute for War Documentation
Lt. August Deibel of 2-VLG-V with his Buffalo (serial B-3110) at RAF Kallang, early 1942.
He shot down
two Nakajima Ki-27 fighters
on 12 January
before being wounded and having to bail out himself.[N 8][23]
read more about Dai Nippon fighter Nakijama Ki-27
While manufacturing the Nakajima Ki-27 fighter under license,in 1942
Manshu undertook redesing of this aircraft as an advanced trainer.
The aircraft was built as the Ki-79 a single-seat trainer powered by a 510 hp Hitachi Ha-13a,and the two-seat Ki-79 b with Hitachi Ha 23.
By 1943
they were becoming available in quantity,with both models equpping the Sendai and Tachiarai Army Flying Schools and the Tokorozawa Army Aviation Maintenance School.
The Ki-79 b model was supplied to the Army Air Academy as well as the Tokyo,Otsu and Oita Army Boys Flying Schools,set up for high scool studens to interest them in becoming pilots for the same 2 Koren aircraft on Kamikaze missions.
Other Ki-79 a and Ki-79 b trainers that been sent to Singapore.Java,the lower Philippines and elsewhere in the Japanese occupied zones for additional training of green pilots.
In Java and Sumatra local Indonesian forces took over the Japanese arms in theit areas and offered select Japanese pilots the opportunity to help train insurgents in the use Japanese fighters.
While the Americans destroyed similar aircraft when they found in Japan,the Russians left them on the airfields in the occupied Manchuria,where they were soon picked up by the Red Army air Force.
When the Peoples Liberation Army was officially formed in July 1946 the 2 Koren trainers became the first standart Trainers of the PLAAF,the air force of the communits army
January,12th.1942
the battle of manado
commander of the 1st Yokosuka SNLF paratroopers during the japanese invasion of the dutch east indies, in january 1942 during
the battle of manado January 1942
commander Horiuchi was tasked to conquer the Longoan airfield, 09:00 hours
January 12th, 1942,
334 Japanese paratroopers were dropped on and around the airfield, Having heard the dropping dutch commander Captain van den Berg ordered the two remaining Overvalwagens (armoured car) to attack the airfield. Although the Japanese paratroopers suffered heavy casualties, they succeeded to capture the Langoan airfield. Enraged by the heavy losses, the Japanese executed a large number of KNIL POW’s
japanese navy paratroopers attacking the dutch troops in Longoan airfield (january 1942)
The idea of a Supreme Allied War Council came up early in the conference. It quickly became apparent that the World War I model would hardly meet the requirements of a global war, and action was deferred until the more urgent problems were disposed of.
January,13th.1942
Finally, on the 13th, the British returned to the subject of the organization of the alliance.
By this time the ABDA command had been created and Admiral Sir Dudley Pound suggested that the same pattern be followed on a global scale.
This was entirely agreeable to the Americans, as was the British suggestion to avoid confusion between Allied and national activities by adopting a standard nomenclature. Joint was to be used for interservice collaboration of one nation; combined, for collaboration between two or more nations.24
One further matter remained to be settled — the location of the Allied command post. The British, naturawanted it in London; the Americans, in Washington. There had been some consideration earlier in the conference of a dual system operating out of both capitals, but this idea was quickly discarded
The Americans did not favor this solution. Though they did not object to Sir John Dill’s appointment and even preferred him to anyone else, they felt that British representation in Washington should be limited to the level of the Chiefs of Staff. The assignment of a high-ranking British officer in Washington with access to the President would, they believed, create many problems. The proposal also seemed to them to suggest the dual command post concept. To General Marshall, “there could be no question of having any duplication of the Combined Chiefs of Staff organization in Washington and London.” Though he had no objection to parallel subordinate committees, “there could be,” he asserted, “only one Combined Chiefs of Staff who would give broad directions on the allocation of materiel.”25
The final details for U.S.-British collaboration were settled at the last meeting of the conference.
By the 13th January 1941
it had been virtually decided that the headquarters of the alliance would be in Washington. The British therefore proposed to leave in the American capital Field Marshal Sir John Dill to represent Mr. Churchill on the highest levels, and the heads of the Joint Staff Mission, the organization established after the ABC-1 meetings in March 1940, to represent the Chiefs of Staff. Similarly, the Americans were to designate their own officials to represent the President and the Chiefs of Staff in London.
On the evening of the 13th January 1941
the Americans prepared a draft of the arrangements already agreed upon, which with some modifications was accepted by the British and became the basis for the organization of the Combined Chiefs of Staff during the war.26 As defined by the conferees,
the Combined Chiefs of Staff consisted of the British Chiefs of Staff or their representatives in Washington, and the U.S. Chiefs, who, in the accepted terminology, were designated as the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Combined chiefs were to sit in Washington only and to meet weekly, or more often if necessary.
They were to have a secretariat to maintain their records and prepare and distribute their papers, and a staff of planners designated the Combined Staff Planners (consisting of the chief American planners and their British opposite numbers). This latter group was “to make such studies, draft such plans, and perform such other work” as directed by the Chiefs.
The authority granted to the Combined Chiefs was broad. They were to “develop and submit recommendations” for the ABDA area and for the other areas “in which the United Nations may decide to act in concert . . . modified as necessary to meet the particular circumstances.”
To perform these functions, they were given responsibility for recommending to their political superiors “a broad program” of the requirements for implementing strategic decisions and for preparing general directives establishing policy governing the distribution of the weapons of war. Such weapons and war equipment were to be allocated “in accordance
with strategical needs” through appropriate groups in Washington and London under the authority of the Combined Chiefs. Finally, the Combined Chiefs were given responsibility to settle the broad issues of priority for overseas military movements.
The combined organization established at the ARCADIA Conference, though it stemmed in large measure from the efforts to meet the crisis in the Southwest Pacific, was patterned on the ABC-1 arrangements and on British practice. Under the former, an effective and well-manned British Joint Staff Mission had been established in Washington, and it was this body that provided the basis for a Combined Chiefs of Staff organization in the American capital.
British experience with committee organization provided the other key to the combined system established at ARCADIA. Thus, the Combined Chiefs were responsible to the President and Prime Minister in much the same way as the British Chiefs were already responsible to Churchill in his dual capacity as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.27
And the organization of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff that emerged during the months after the ARCADIA Conference was shaped in large degree by the necessity for providing American counterparts to the highly developed system of committees and secretariats under the British Chiefs and the War Cabinet.
January,14th.1942
The conference scored one other major achievement before its close on 14 January. Last on the agenda the British had submitted before the meeting was an item calling for the establishment of “joint machinery” for collaboration.
Just what the British had in mind was not clear, but in preparation for the coming discussion the Americans studied the matter and decided they would seek as their solution to the problem of collaboration the establishment of a Supreme Allied War Council, patterned on the World War I model, and of two committees to support the council — a Military Joint Planning Committee and a Joint Supply Committee.23
GENERAL TER POORTEN Greets General Wavell (left) on his arrival at Batavia.
Now, in the first week of January, the 16th
Army, which had been given the 38th Division to accelerate its drive into the Indies, completed its preparations for the advance. At Davao in the southern Philippines it organized two task forces, one to take the important oil center of Tarakan in northern Borneo, and the other Menado in the Celebes.
Both left Davao at the same time, 9 January 1942.
The first landed at Tarakan on 11 January and, after overcoming slight resistance from the Dutch defenders aided by American B-17’s based near Surabaya, took that town the same day. The second force, reinforced by about 330 naval paratroopers and supported by the seaplane tenders Chitose and Mizuho and three heavy cruisers, took Menado at the same time.
The seizure of these two points completed the Japanese control of
the Celebes Sea
And
the northern approaches to Makassar Strait.
Through that strait lay one of the routes to Java.30
JANUARY 1942
amazing story of Louis Rapmund.
Louis Rapmund
During one of my many late night internet searches I found his name in two obscure articles published in a New Guinea journal in the late 1940s. Rapmund was a Dutch NEI (Netherlands East Indies) officer who worked in western New Guinea facilitating the recovery of Indian, Papuan, and Dutch nationals who had been held by the Japanese. Rapmund assisted Nellist and Rounsaville Teams (of the Alamo Scouts) on their famous mission to liberate a Dutch governor and his family, along with 40 Javanese and twelve French civilians from an internee camp at Cape Oransbari
Last photo of the Rapmund Family – Madang 1940
“The last time I saw my father was in 1942 in Java,” said Louise. “He was literally running out the back door of our house as the Japanese were coming in the front door.
They were looking for him. This has helped heal a wound in my soul that festered for over sixty years. I loved my father. He was a wonderful man.”
Over the next week Louise gathered what photos she could find of her father and sent them to me for the ASA Photo Archive.
As the photos attest, Louis Rapmund was a striking figure; a handsome young man struck down in the prime of his life in a brutal war. But now thanks to modern technology, the undying love of a daughter, and the generosity of a total stranger, the words he penned a lifetime ago have helped bring others a little closer.
Louise & husband
in the first week of January 1942
Japanese Forces opened the second phase.
The objectives of this phase of the plan included the seizure of the Bismarck Archipelago and Malay Peninsula; the capture of Singapore; and, in preparation for the final assault on Java, heart of the Indies, the acquisition of air and naval bases in southern Sumatra, Dutch Borneo, the Celebes, Amboina, and Timor.
The occupation of Java itself and of northern Sumatra was scheduled for the third phase, after which the Japanese would complete their operations in Burma and consolidate their position in the conquered area.
So rapidly had their forces moved and so light had been resistance that even before the end of the year Japanese commanders in the field were urging their superiors in Tokyo to speed the timetable of conquest
January,1st.1942
JAPANESE PRISONERS,
captured on Bataan, being led blindfolded to headquarters for questioning. On 1 January 1942 the Japanese entered Manila and the U.S, troops withdrew toward Bataan. Army supplies were either moved to Bataan and Corregidor or destroyed. The remaining forces on Bataan, including some 15,000 U.S. troops, totaled about 80,000 men. The food, housing, and sanitation problems were greatly increased by the presence of over 20,000 civilian refugees. All troops were placed on half-rations
On January 2th, 1942
, the Philippine capital of Manila was occupied by the japanese
January,5th,1942
The postal used cover with DEI Kon 10 cent stamps send from CDS Madioen 5.1.42 to Batavia center had sencored red Chop and the c0ver open by sencored ,closed with DEI Official geopend door censor flap
It was at this juncture, on 10 January,
that General Wavell reached Batavia, capital of the Netherlands Indies, located on the northwest coast of Java. Already there or soon to arrive were his deputy, General Brett, and the commanders of his ground and naval force, Lt. Gen. H. ter Poorten and Admiral Hart. In the absence of Air Marshal Sir Richard E. C. Peirse, General Brereton was appointed deputy commander of the air forces. On the 15th, General Wavell formally assumed command of the ABDA area (ABDACOM) with headquarters at Lembang, inland from the capital and about ten miles north of Bandoeng.31 (Chart 2)
From the start it was apparent that the defense of the ABDA area, even in the unlikely event that the promised reinforcements arrived in time, had little chance of success. Already the Japanese had taken Hong Kong, isolated the Philippines, landed in Borneo and the Celebes, and were making rapid progress down the Malay Peninsula.
To oppose their advance Wavell had, in addition to the British forces fighting a losing battle in Malaya and the American forces in the Philippines, two Dutch divisions in Java and small Dutch garrisons elsewhere in the Indies; a naval force — including the U.S. Asiatic Fleet — of heavy and 8 light cruisers, 23 destroyers, and 36 submarines; and an air force of 4 fighter and 6 bomber squadrons, including the remnants of the Far East Air Force, plus 250 more planes in Burma and Malaya. With these meager forces General Wavell could only try to hold back the Japanese tide while waiting for reinforcements which never came.32
The urgent need for reinforcements was only one of Wavell’s problems. Keeping the peace within his own small international headquarters, unraveling the confused command relationships between his forces, and reconciling conflicting national interests and strategic concepts were others almost as serious. Even so minor a matter as the location of the headquarters could not be settled amicably and it was only after he had overridden the strong objections of his naval commanders that Wavell established his headquarters at Lembang.33
The relationship between Wavell and MacArthur, though it created no difficulties, illustrated the confused situation in ABDACOM. In addition to the task of holding the Malay Barrier, Wavell had also been instructed to re-establish communications with Luzon and to support the Philippine garrison. Before assuming command, he objected to this assignment and proposed that the islands be excluded from the ABDA area. President Roosevelt, without consulting his military advisers, approved this suggestion to avoid any delay in Wavell’s assumption of command. When General Marshall learned of this action he saw
CHART 2–ORGANIZATION OF ABDACOM, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1942
that it might well have an adverse effect upon morale in the Philippines and was contrary to the ABDA agreement. An important reason for the establishment of Wavell’s command had been the desire to co-ordinate the efforts of the Allies in the Far East, and the United States had allocated to the defense of ABDA aircraft which had been under MacArthur’s command or sent out originally for his use. With King’s support, therefore, Marshall recommended to the President that he rescind his earlier message. The President saw the point immediately, and Wavell was told the day after he assumed command that the Philippines would remain in his area.34
The establishment of the ABDA area made necessary also a reshuffling of the U.S. Army commands already in existence in the Southwest Pacific and Southeast Asia. Although MacArthur was assured by the War Department that the establishment of ABDACOM would not alter his position or affect his forces, he actually lost a part of his command. The U.S. Army Forces in Australia were then a part of USAFFE (U.S. Army Forces, Far East) and under MacArthur’s direction. Now he was told that these forces would be formed into a separate command on a level with USAFFE and placed under General Brereton, who had been selected because of his “intimate knowledge of your situation and needs.” The reason for this move was that the Japanese advance into the Indies had made control by MacArthur of the forces in Australia and the Netherlands
Indies impractical. But, he was assured, “when satisfactory communications with the Philippines have once been reestablished your resumption of actual command of all American Army forces in the Far East will be easily accomplished.”35
Other than the paper changes in command, the establishment of ABDACOM had no effect on operations in the Philippines. MacArthur reported formally by radio to his new superior and sent representatives from Mindanao to Java to solicit what aid they could, but the relationship between the two headquarters was never more than nominal.
General Brereton’s assignment as air commander in the ABDA area, pending the arrival of Air Marshal Pierse, complicated an already confusing situation. Brereton was also commander of U.S. Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), a post General Brett had held before him, and in this capacity also came under Wavell’s control. But this control was only partial, for, as the War Department explained to Brereton, “U.S. troops in Australian territory come under the control of General Wavell only when specifically allotted for service in the ABDA area.”36
The physical difficulties of exercising command simultaneously over USAFIA, a logistical and administrative headquarters in Australia, and over ABDAIR, an operational headquarters in Java, as well as the conflicting missions of the two, made it imperative to clarify Brereton’s status. On the 16th, therefore, a day after he assumed command, General Wavell, at Brereton’s request, asked Marshall to relieve Brereton of his responsibilities in Australia so that he could concentrate on the full-time job of directing his air forces. This was quickly done, and General Barnes, who had in effect been directing the activities of USAFIA since the 12th, was authorized to assume command of base facilities in Australia.37
Barnes himself seems to have been somewhat confused about his status and responsibilities for he was never formally designated as a commander of USAFIA and Brereton continued to receive messages addressed to him with that title. Moreover, when Brereton had difficulty getting logistical support from Australia that he wanted, he complained to the War Department, which promptly informed Barnes that he was to provide that support as best he could. At the same time, the War Department made it clear to Barnes that he was not under Brereton’s but Wavell’s command, and that General Brett, as Wavell’s deputy, could issue orders to him. So far as the War Department was concerned this ended the matter, but General Barnes, even at the end of January, was apparently not clear on his relationship to ABDACOM “in general” and to General Brett “in particular regarding troops and supplies in Australia.”38
Not only was there confusion over command in the ABDA area, but national commanders differed with one another and with the Supreme Commander over the conduct of operations and the allocation of resources. To the American, Dutch, and Australian officers, it seemed that General Wavell was devoting far too much attention, as well as a disproportionate share of Allied resources, to the defense of Malaya, Singapore, and Burma, an attitude that seemed to them to reflect British rather than Allied interests. The American commanders, Admiral Hart and General Brereton, free from any territorial interest in the area, wished to protect the lines of communication and air and naval bases along the Malay Barrier, which they believed essential links in defensive structure of the Southwest Pacific and the starting points for offensive operations. The Dutch desired above all else to concentrate Allied resources on the defense of their territories. And the Australians, concerned over the defense of the homeland, continually pressed for a greater share of the theater’s resources on the east. If General Wavell made any effort to reconcile these views, the records do not show it. Despite the representations of the national commanders to their governments — in Washington Brett’s were refuted by the Army planners, as was his proposal to break up the new theater — Wavell continued to act on the assumption that the security of the Netherlands Indies and Australia depended on the defense of Malaya and Singapore.39
These difficulties were brought out sharply in the discussion of naval reinforcements. Most of the British and Dutch vessels in the area were assigned to convoy duty, leaving only the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, based on Surabaya, free for operations. The Dutch, whose naval forces were under the operational control of the British, were none too happy over this assignment, preferring to employ their vessels in the defense of Dutch territory. Their irritation was further increased by the British announcement of the transfer of some of their cruisers and destroyers to the Indian Ocean and American refusal to provide naval reinforcements for convoy duty. Ultimately the Australians were persuaded to send additional vessels into the area, but the damage had been done and the Dutch resentment persisted.40
The Dutch were displeased also with the way naval operations were being conducted. Admiral Hart, they felt, had his forces too far back and was showing more concern over Darwin and the supply routes to Australia than over the progress of the enemy through Makassar Strait and the Molucca Sea. They were disappointed, too, over their failure to gain command of the naval elements in ABDA. Their interests, they felt, were predominant and their knowledge of the area greater than that of the Americans. This attitude, which Dutch naval officers made little effort to conceal, added to Hart’s already considerable burdens and complicated his task enormously.
By the end of January, relations between Admiral Hart and the Dutch naval commander had become so strained that they could no longer be ignored. It was then that General Wavell suggested to the Prime Minister that Hart
be relieved on account of his age and that a Dutch officer, or, if the United States would send naval reinforcements to the ABDA area, a younger American be given command. The suggestion was passed on to Washington and finally to Hart himself who replied that he did not consider himself too old to discharge his duties and did not wish to be relieved. Though both Admirals King and Stark supported the Asiatic Fleet commander, the President decided to adopt Wavell’s suggestion. His decision was influenced largely by the fact that the United States had refused to send naval reinforcements to the area and by the hope that the Dutch would assume a more active role in the naval defense of ABDA. There was never any feeling, Admirals King and Stark later recalled, that Hart had proved unfit or that he was too old to exercise command. After the President had made his decision Hart had no recourse but to step down, which he did on the 5th by asking to be relieved on account of ill health, a course Admiral Stark had recommended to him. Six days later the Secretary of the Navy ordered him home.41 His place was taken by Vice Adm. Conrad E. L. Helfrich, Dutch naval commander.
ADMIRALS HELFRICH AND HART
With the relief of Admiral Hart, ABDACOM lost its last American force commander. Air Marshall Pierse had taken over from General Brereton on 28 January, as originally intended, and the Dutch continued to command the ground forces. The U.S. Chiefs, anxious to secure direction of one of the major elements in ABDACOM in the interests of “homeland support,” put forward Brett’s name as commander of the Allied air forces. Both the President and the Prime Minister supported the nomination, but Brett seems to have had larger ambitions and argued that such a “drastic change” would be unsettling. The matter was dropped.42
While the Allies sought to solve the problem of command and bring reinforcements into the area, the Japanese continued to advance almost without interruption. In Malaya General Yamashita forced the British back from line after line until on 27 January Lt. Gen. A. E. Percival, the British commander in Malaya, withdrew his forces to Singapore. The causeway connecting the fortress to the mainland was blown on 31 January. Only the waters of Johore Strait lay between Yamashita and his goal. For a week, while the Singapore garrison
desperately prepared its defenses, Japanese aircraft and artillery paved the way for the final assault.
The loss of Singapore was a major blow to the Allied cause in the Far East and a disaster of the first magnitude for the British who had long regarded it as an impregnable fortress and the key to the defense of Australia, New Zealand, and India. Fortunately, the British estimate of the importance of Singapore to the security of the Dominions proved incorrect, but that did not lessen the immediate shock or minimize the seriousness of the blow to the British Far Eastern Fleet, which had already suffered the loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse. With its base gone, the British Navy now had to retire to Sydney in Australia and to Ceylon, and when Ceylon was threatened briefly in April, to the east coast of Africa.
For ABDACOM, which had been established only a month before, the fall of Singapore was a crushing blow. In anticipation of this disaster, General Wavell had warned the Chiefs of Staff on the 13th that a drastic change in plans might soon be necessary. It was doubtful, he wrote, that Sumatra, obviously the next Japanese objective, could be held, and if it were not, then Java would fall. Though he told the Chiefs he intended to continue his present plans for the defense of Java “until situation enforces changes,” it was apparent by the 15th that he had no real hope for success, a view that was reinforced by his recommendation to divert reinforcements, two Australian divisions, already en route from the Middle East to Java, to Australia or Burma, preferably the latter.44
The Dutch took violent exception to Wavell’s estimate. They insisted that Java must be defended, regardless of the fate of Sumatra. To them and to the Netherlands Government-in-exile Java had an even greater political, moral, and sentimental significance than Singapore had for the British. Wavell’s proposal seemed to them an abandonment by their Allies and confirmed their worst fears that ABDACOM was a device to use Allied resources for the defense of Singapore and of British interests in the Far East.
Unpalatable as it was to the Dutch, Wavell’s estimate had to be accepted for not only was Singapore about to fall into Japanese hands, but Java was clearly threatened from three directions — the South China Sea, Makassar Strait, and Molucca Sea. Following up the Borneo
landings of late December and early January, the Japanese, moving by water through Makassar Strait, had landed at Balikpapan
Gen.-Maj. H. ter Poorten (rechts) met General Sir Archibald P. Wavell (midden), opperbevelhebber van Abdacom, te Batavia, 22 jan.1942
on the January,24th.1942
The landings had been made only after a battle with U.S. naval forces — their first of the war — in which the American destroyers won a tactical victory but failed to stop the enemy. The Japanese took Balikpapan easily but failed to capture the oil refineries there. These, the Dutch had already gutted.
. Only a day before, another Japanese force had sailed through the Molucca Sea to land at Makassar on the southwest tip of Celebes Island, facing Makassar Strait. By 10 February that strait and the north shore of the Java Sea were under Japanese control.
The Molucca Sea approach to the Malay Barrier fell into Japanese hands as a result of amphibious hops and naval-air engagements in which the Allies fought a desperate but losing battle. From Menado, which they had taken
on 11 January,
the Japanese moved on to Kendari
On January 22th.1942
the Balikpapan ‘s Dai Nippon invasion force was sighted heading south through the Makassar Strait.
The Dutch air force attacked the convoy continuously during daylight, but its antiquated Martin B-10 bombers inflicted little damage. In the predawn hours of the 24th the Japanese landed 5,500 soldiers in two separate groups. The bulk of Sakaguchi’s 56th Regimental Group came ashore north of town. A detached battalion, the Surprise Attack Unit commanded by Major Kaneuchi, landed south of Balikpapan. Guided by Indonesian fifth columnists, the latter force proceeded to the village of Banubaru, cutting off the Dutch line of retreat. Having learned from hard experience at Tarakan, where Dutch coastal artillery had sunk two warships, the Japanese were avoiding the big guns defending Balikpapan.
In the event, the Dutch did not attempt to hold their positions. Hoogenband had received orders to withdraw inland after completing sabotage operations. He led an infantry column out of town, along the road to Banubaru. The Dutch ran into the advancing main body of Kaneuchi’s Surprise Attack Unit, and the Japanese promptly gave battle. Han fought as part of a machine gun crew, feeding the ammunition belt into the weapon as the gunner mowed down the leading edge of the oncoming enemy. The KNIL troops were defeated and the Dutch force broke up. With no other alternatives but death or capture, Samethini joined a group of survivors heading north into the jungle towards their only hope of escape, the airfield at Samarinda. [3]
on the January, 24th,1942
the same day they landed at Balikpapan. Amboina Island was occupied a week later by a strong force which overcame the small Dutch and Australian garrison with little difficulty. By the end of the month the Japanese controlled the Molucca Sea and were in position to cut the line between Java and Australia and to breach the east flank of the Malay Barrier.
On the western flank of the barrier, the Japanese had early secured the South China Sea approaches and
Offshore it had been a different story.
At approximately 20.00 hours (8 pm) on the 24th,
American destroyers of Des Div 59 attacked the invasion convoy, sinking four troop transports and an escort vessel. The next day two more transports were claimed, one by Dutch and American bombers, the other by a Dutch submarine. This was the largest naval action since the start of the Pacific War, but the brief Allied tactical victory could not change the outcome of events on land.
Over the next several days, Han and his companions hacked their way through a tangled wilderness teeming with malarial mosquitoes. Pursued and repeatedly attacked, they reached Samarinda and boarded a plane for Java. As the transport winged over Borneo’s deep green forests and muddy brown rivers, Han might have gazed out the window and reflected on this land of opportunity that had so suddenly become a place of death and defeat. But he was not a man to dwell on regrets. Surely Anna and Margie were alive and waiting for him in Surabaya. That mattered more than anything. [4]
On that day, they took their captives to the nearby sea shore:
Even eight patients from the local hospital were among the group of 78 victims marched to a beach near the old Klandasan Fortress. Two of the victims were then beheaded on the beach, the other 76 forced into the sea…all were shot one by one, their bodies left to drift with the tide. [5]
The only way out: Samarinda II airfield, Borneo
(Allied air recce photo taken in 1944)
a group of american tanks captured by the japanese army in the phillipines and used by the japanese during the battle of corregidor and in the invasion of Burma
Burma was to have been seized in two phases and its occupation completed only after operations to the south were over.
But early in January
the schedule had been speeded up and before the end of the month the 15th Army had pushed across the Thai-Burma border and seized
Dai Nippon in Moulmein 1942
Look
dutvh POW at Moulmein camp
japanese infantry using a type 89 Grenade Discharger against british troops in burma 1942
officer of the japanese army 56th infantry Division carrying the regimental flag (burma 1944)
read more
The Sword and the Cross
Two of the dramatic photographs in Pacific Fury illustrating
the cruelty and the compassion of the Pacific conflict
Eyewitnesses in Pacific Fury: Alexander Roberts as an RAAF pilot and, bearded, as air liaison officer with the Chindits in Burma; Catherine ‘Kay’ Cotterman, prisoner of the Japanese in Manila; and William ‘Bill’ Macauley, prisoner of the Japanese in Hong Kong
On the 20th January 1942
came messages from the President and Chief of Staff, addressing Wainwright as commander in the Philippines and telling him of his promotion to lieutenant general. No confusion was possible. “Upon the departure of General MacArthur,” wrote Marshall, “you become commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines.”55 Beebe had no choice but to turn over the messages to Wainwright, who, next morning, formally assumed command of U.S. Forces in the Philippines (USFIP), the name of his new headquarters, and designated Beebe his chief of staff. Like MacArthur, he commanded the naval forces as well as those of the Army, and was therefore a joint commander.56
January,21st,.1942
It was only when MacArthur learned of Wainwright’s assumption of command on the 21st that he informed the War Department of his own arrangements.
japanese officers interrogating american general Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (bataan 1942)
To Marshall these seemed unsatisfactory for a variety of reasons, and he told the President so. Wainwright, he felt, should continue in command. The President accepted this advice and MacArthur was advised that unless he had strenuous objections, Wainwright would retain his new post.57 MacArthur made no objections. He understood thoroughly Marshall’s difficulties; he said, and would accommodate himself to the arrangements already made. “Heartily in accord with Wainwright’s promotion to lieutenant general,” he radioed, “His assignment to Philippine command is appropriate.”58
american POWs being searchead by japanese guard (bataan 1942)
Thus ended the uncertainty and confusion. Wainwright was now confirmed as the commander of all forces in the Philippine Islands with the large authority and heavy responsibilities formerly possessed by General MacArthur. But he was not independent of his former commander, for MacArthur, though not yet officially appointed to his new office, had acquired even greater responsibilities than before and command over an area stretching from Melbourne to Manila
group shotunder fire
japanese soldiers advancing under heavy fire of british troops during the invasion of burma (1942)
type 92 heavy machine gun crew in the mountains of burma
January,23th 1942
OFFICERS OF THE WAR PLANS DIVISION, 23 January 1942.
on the 25th January
The women and children were sent on by road to Pontianak on the coast, whence they escaped by ship on the 25th January,
only four days before the Japanese occupied the town. Lane placed his battalion under Dutch command for the defence of the airfield and the surrounding area.
There followed a breathing space while the Japanese prepared for their next advance, though clashes took place between patrols near the border.
The Japanese troops in Singkawang, 1942.
The man with the moustache on the right is Major-General Kiyotake Kawaguchi.
Han arrived in Java at the end of January.
Making his way to Surabaya, he searched at once for Anna and Margie. To his great worry, they were not at his mother’s house and he was unable to find them. He then fell ill with malaria contracted during the forced march in Borneo. The disease evolved the dangerous complication called blackwater fever, and he was sent to a hospital. [6]
The report of Balikpapan’s loss added to the litany of woes announced by the radio broadcasts on Java. Frank Samethini heard the news at Fort Menari, near Surabaya, where he’d been posted since the outbreak of the war:
Weeks pass without a shot being fired by us at the fort. But the radio tells of defeat, of bitter defeat by the ridiculed little men, the former smiling, bowing and hissing barbers, merchants of inferior goods made in Japan. There are also numerous reports of bravery from other sectors of our forces, but the closing message of the bulletin is always the same: battle lost, we retreat before the swarming ants….[7]
The day before Balikpapan’s fall the Japanese overran Kendari on the island of Celebes, capturing the finest air base in the East Indies.
I am reading a letter from Lisa while on duty in the listening post (“Darling, do you want it to be a boy or a girl?”), when suddenly a sound from a great distance enters the earphones.
Growing louder and louder, it seems to come from every direction. No, wait, from high in the invisible vault above the cloud banks it comes! In a flash I recognise it with a sudden, racing heart: approaching aircraft. Can’t be ours, we haven’t got that many!
My thumb sinks the alarm button while I reach for her letter fluttering to the floor. My field glasses show the Jap airplanes up as silver-winged, transparent dragonflies, three flights of five bombers in each squadron, moving slowly across the sky, too high for the black and white popping blossoms of our ack-ack.
What little is left of our fighter planes whiningly soar upwards to meet their fate. The dragonflies move on southwards – southwards! But that is Surabaya! Fear clutches my throat. My God! Almost immediately I hear the dull boom of exploding bombs in a muffled staccato that pierces through my heart. Where, oh God, have they fallen? [8]
(ibid Hans Semethini)
The Japanese planned to attack the airfield from the north, and also from the west by a force landed on the coast. This attack was held up by bad weather for nearly a week, but on the 24th January five companies advanced along the road from the Dutch border, and
by the 25th had reached a village two and a half miles north-east of the airfield. Having destroyed the stores and barracks, the defenders launched an attack
Meanwhile three Japanese companies had left Kuching in small craft during the night of the 25th
on the 26th which was repulsed.
That evening a counter-attack succeeded in turning their flank and
early on the 27th
the order was given to evacuate the airfield. A Dutch tank was used to hold a crossroads for a while. During the withdrawal two Punjabi platoons were surrounded but, refusing to surrender, they fought on under their Indian officer until late in the afternoon.
It was only when their ammunition was expended and the enemy was attacking in overwhelming numbers that the gallant little party laid down its arms. Japanese reports have since given their casualties at the hands of these two platoons as between 400 and 500 killed or wounded.
Of the seventy Punjabis engaged only three escaped. The remainder were never seen again; there is evidence to show that they were brutally put to death by the infuriated Japanese.
On the evening of the 27th January
the remnants of the Punjabis crossed the Sungei Sambas and took up a position on the high ground at Ledo, fifteen miles south-west of the airfield.
and by daybreak on the 27th
had landed at Pemangkat due west of the airfield. Striking north-east and south and meeting with little opposition, they quickly captured the coastal villages and moved towards Bengkajang, thus threatening to surround the Allied force at Ledo.
After the fighting at Singkawang II airfield the British-Dutch forces retreated to Sanggau. There this force was split and the Dutch troops went to Sintang, while the British-Indian troops went to Nanga Pinoh.
On the 29th,
after a series of rearguard actions, the Punjabis withdrew to Ngabang and two days later to Nanga Pinoh.
By this time further resistance was useless,
.
2.February 1942
During the frequent Japanese air raids of February 1942,
they took refuge in a bomb shelter in the front yard. This was a dugout reinforced with sandbags, built by Emma’s neighbors from across the street. At times they had to remain in the shelter for up to eight hours.
February,1st.1942
the Japanese occupied the Pontianak town
February,2nd.1942
Surabaya Starting boombardement in February 1942
In Surabaya, Elisabeth was visiting a friend of her mother’s. She recalls:
The sirens started with a horrible noise and we thought they were just practicing, but then the bombs started to fall and the aeroplanes were fighting in the air. We were so afraid and we all dived under the bed. After what seemed like hours, the all clear came. We were all dazed and didn’t know what to think about it all. There was chaos everywhere…. [9]
on February 3th.1942,
the Japanese launched their first major air attacks on the city. Frank was on anti-aircraft observation duty that day:
I am reading a letter from Lisa while on duty in the listening post (“Darling, do you want it to be a boy or a girl?”), when suddenly a sound from a great distance enters the earphones. Growing louder and louder, it seems to come from every direction. No, wait, from high in the invisible vault above the cloud banks it comes! In a flash I recognise it with a sudden, racing heart: approaching aircraft. Can’t be ours, we haven’t got that many! My thumb sinks the alarm button while I reach for her letter fluttering to the floor. My field glasses show the Jap airplanes up as silver-winged, transparent dragonflies, three flights of five bombers in each squadron, moving slowly across the sky, too high for the black and white popping blossoms of our ack-ack.
What little is left of our fighter planes whiningly soar upwards to meet their fate. The dragonflies move on southwards – southwards! But that is Surabaya! Fear clutches my throat.
My God! Almost immediately I hear the dull boom of exploding bombs in a muffled staccato that pierces through my heart. Where, oh God, have they fallen? [8]
In Surabaya, Elisabeth was visiting a friend of her mother’s. She recalls:
The sirens started with a horrible noise and we thought they were just practicing, but then the bombs started to fall and the aeroplanes were fighting in the air. We were so afraid and we all dived under the bed.
After what seemed like hours, the all clear came. We were all dazed and didn’t know what to think about it all. There was chaos everywhere…. [9]
A formation of Mitsubishi G4M “Betty” Japanese medium bombers.
This type flew missions against Surabaya from Kendari, Celebes.
“There was chaos everywhere….”
Japanese bombs fall on Surabaya (February 1942)
Photo Source: The Dutch East Indies Campaign
February,3rd.1942
The Javanese Etnic group:KRIDO REKSO WIROTOMO: BRANCH DJAKARTA p/a M.L.Joedokoesoemo Kesehatan II/2 Street Batavia centrum circulAir stencil letter to Mr L.Ch.Damais Java street 72 pavilliun Batavia centrum,Postalkly used with DEI Karbouw 2 cent CDS Batavia Centrum 3.2.42
The letter :
By means of this letter KRW Jakarta branch officials to declare all the members of his attitude in the current war as follows:
a.Perkumpulan Krido Rekso wirotomo Djakarta branch remained standing.
b.The Meeting this year postponed until at a good time.
c.All the lessons (Beksan and Gamelan) and other works such as “Cipto Ening” and others dismissed.
d.Starting from February 1942 all members exempt from payment of contributions.
To the members who are delinquent (not paid) contributions are kindly requested to pay arrears until January 1942. This outstanding money (cut at the cost of shipping) continue to be sent to you let bendahari R.Soebari Pasar Minggoe.Djakarta Post Office (f 70)
Apart from the above that if something about the proposal and make associations in this war, the board asked the committee also requested the committee get forgivenes of any errors
for its obligations,
yours respectfully
Board-Rekso Krido-Wirotomo
Djakarta branch
(old spelling has been adapted to the current to be easily translated)
Original info
Dengan perantaraan surat ini pengurus KRW cabang Djakarta mempermaklumkan kepada sekalian anggota tentang sikapnya dalam masa perang saat ini seperti berikut:
a.Perkumpulan Krido Rekso wirotomo cabang Djakarta tetap berdiri.
b.Rapat tahun ini ditunda sampai pada saat yang baik.
c.Semua pelajaran (Beksan dan Gamelan) dan pekerjaan-pekerjaan lainnya seperti “Cipto Ening” dan lain-lainnya diberhentikan.
d.Mulai bulan Pebruari 1942 semua anggota dibebaskan dari pembayaran kontribusi.
Kepada Angggota yang masih menunggak(belum membayar) Kontribusi diminta dengan hormat supaya membayar tunggakan itu sampai bulan januari 1942. Uang tunggakan ini(dipotong dengan ongkos pengiriman)hendaklah terus dikirimkan kepada saudara bendahari R.Soebari di Kantor Post Pasar Minggoe.Djakarta( f 70)
Selain dari pada yang tersebut diatas jika sesuatu usul tentang dan buat perkumpulan dalam masa perang ini, maka pengurus meminta kepada penguruds dan juga pengurus meminta dipermaafkan segala kekeliruan
selama menjalankan kewajibannya,
Wassalam
Pengurus Krido-Rekso-Wirotomo
Cabang Djakarta
(ejaan lama telah disesuaikan dengan yang berlaku saat ini agar mudah diterjemahkan)
Japanese bombing raids against East Java began on 3 February, 1942.
and on the 4th February 1942
the Punjabis with Dutch agreement set out in two columns for Sampit and Pangkalanboeoen on the south coast. The British tried to get out of Borneo by going south. Their aim was to find a radio station at Sampit (or if that failed at Pangkalanboen) in order to get contact with Java Island or to reach one of the harbours in the south of Borneo.
The force at Nanga Pinoh was split in three parts: A (Sikh), B (PM) Company and part of Staff (Hindu) Company under command of Major Milligan formed the western column, which took the shorter route, C (Khattack), D (Jat) and part of Staff (Hindu) Company under command of Lieutenant Colonel Ross-Thompson formed the eastern column, which took the longer route and the blitzparty. The blitzparty consisted of 2 officers and 4 men and it was their task to go as fast as possible to Sampit in order to get contact with Java Island
February. 6th, 1942
Sydney Morning Herald (February 6, 1942)
National Library of Australia
Japan’s fearsome Zero fighter planes inflicted heavy casualties on the Dutch and Allied interceptors, and the city was soon without effective air defense:
The following week a few more air raids are directed on fortifications outside Surabaya, but the scattered pillboxes and gun emplacements are perfectly camouflaged and no direct hit is suffered. The enemy aircraft, unchallenged since the last Dutch plane was downed, fly low over the dense swamp vegetation in an effort to draw fire and so pinpoint our gun positions. But the order by the fort commander is clear: repulse enemy landings on the beaches and nothing else. Do not shoot at aircraft, do not even shake a fist at them lest they spot you. Keep your head low and swear if you must, but all all events stay out of sight. What kind of war is this? [10]
By the middle of February, Singapore had surrendered,
Read more
THE BATTLE FOR SINGAPORE
The True Story of Britain’s Greatest Military Disaster
Gen Yamashita landed at singapore
General Percival with white flag in Singapore
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Created By dr Iwan suwandy,MHA
“The dai Nippon War In Singapore”
.
Peter Thompson –
General Arthur Percival, ill-fated British commanding officer in Singapore, Olga and Maisie Prout, the brave sisters who defied the Japanese during the occupation of the island colony and Captain William ‘Bill’ Drower, the man the Japanese couldn’t kill. Their dramatic stories are told in The Battle for Singapore
the bulk of the American army in the Philippines was bottled up on the Bataan Peninsula,
and the Japanese had taken Palembang in southern Sumatra.
The enemy was now on Java’s doorstep. Getting 24 hours’ leave, Frank entered Surabaya to find the town “swarming with British and Australian soldiers.” There were also American air and artillery units on Java.
These hastily collected reinforcements, belatedly shipped to the East Indies without adequate arms or supplies, were too little, too late
The following week a few more air raids are directed on fortifications outside Surabaya, but the scattered pillboxes and gun emplacements are perfectly camouflaged and no direct hit is suffered. The enemy aircraft, unchallenged since the last Dutch plane was downed, fly low over the dense swamp vegetation in an effort to draw fire and so pinpoint our gun positions. But the order by the fort commander is clear: repulse enemy landings on the beaches and nothing else. Do not shoot at aircraft, do not even shake a fist at them lest they spot you. Keep your head low and swear if you must, but all all events stay out of sight. What kind of war is this? [10]
(ibid Frank semethini)
on 8th February 1942,
without waiting for the fall of Singapore, launched their attack on southern Sumatra. From Camranh Bay in Indochina came a strong naval force to support the transports headed for Palembang with its airfield and oil refinery. On the 14th about 700 paratroopers were dropped in the Palembang area, but achieved only a limited success against the Dutch and British defenders. At the end of the day Allied troops were still in control, but next morning, when the main Japanese force landed upshore and began to move toward Palembang, they withdrew. Two days later, the Japanese were in control of southern Sumatra, leaving the northern part of the island to the conquerors of Singapore. Only the Straits of Sunda now separated the Japanese from their main objective, Java.45
Shortly before midnight of 8 February,
under cover of an extremely heavy artillery bombardment, the Japanese began to cross the straits.
By the morning of the February. 9th,
they had established a firm position on the island and were pouring reinforcements into the lodgment area. From there the Japanese spread over the island, infiltrating the defender’s lines and isolating them into small pockets of resistance.
From Balikpapan, the Japanese moved on to Bandjermasin, along the southeast coast of Borneo, which they took on
On 9 Feb 1942,
The day before the Japanese entered the island, he reported he could leave immediately on a cargo ship; however he was instructed to stay at his post as Australia’s most senior civilian official otherwise Canberra “would be deprived of independent information and effect on morale would be bad’.
10 February 1942
(2)February,12th.1942.
The Battle Of Palembang
Teishin Shudan (Raiding Group) paratroopers landing during the battle of Palembang, February 1942
The Dai Nippon paratroops army by parachute landed at Palembang and the oil area at plaju near Palembang were attack and occupied ,look the pictures.dai Nippon capture the oil field
japanese troops in a captured oil field (dutch east indies 1942)
japanese army paratrooper (Teishin Shudan) using a Type 99 light machine gun during the Battle of Palembang (february 1942)
(2)FEBRUARY,14TH,1942
On Saturday the 14th of February 1942,
my father came to fetch Henny (my younger sister) and I from our boarding-school for the weekend. We went into town where we did some shopping for my mother and next we went to the Javasche Bank. When my father came out of the bank, we heard and then saw Japanese planes coming over. This time they machine-gunned Malang. I saw two working men, who were hit, falling from the roof where they were busy. They were dead, we saw them lying in their blood on the street. I had never seen dead people before; Henny and I were deeply shocked. Henny started crying, my father took us both quickly away from this very sad sight.
(Elizabeth Van Kampen, Memories of the Dutch East Indies: From Plantation Society to Prisoner of Japan,web blog,2011)
On Saturday the 14th of February 1942,
my father came to fetch Henny (my younger sister) and I from our boarding-school for the weekend.
We went into town where we did some shopping for my mother and ne
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Twillingate Sun 1889
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Welcome to Newfoundland's Grand Banks Genealogy site. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history.
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Politics ""PULLING THE STRINGS"". Merchant Influences. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Can you tell your readers why the Polling Station has been removed from the Congregational School to some other place farther down the South Side? We have long been hearing that Mr. LETHBRIDGE means to know how his dealers vote, and we were told he was taking steps to secure his party, but as this was to be an election by Ballot, we thought we were safe from any merchant control. Now, at the last moment, we are told we must go and vote in some place where the agents of Messrs. LETHBRIDGE or OWEN will be present in large numbers. How can a poor man, whose living depends on these merchants, give his vote, in their presence as he would wish? Sir, it means starvation for himself and family this winter, if he will not vote with these merchants. It is an outrage of the secrecy of Ballot, to remove a polling station from the only place where a free and independent vote could be given, to another place where we shall be forced to vote against our convictions. It does not show any wish to consult the convenience of the voters, for what could have been more central than the Congregational School, for persons who had to come from Tickle Point, the Point or Bluff Head Cove?" Sale of Works The Sale of Work for the purpose of defraying the cost of renovating and furnishing the Methodist parsonage, is announced to take place on the 19th, 20th and 21st of November. Ship News The ""Fleta"" with the two government candidates, Messrs. GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT, arrived from the North side of the district on Tuesday night, and left for the Cape Shore on Thursday. Departure W. WATERMAN, Esq., of Poole, England, who has been spending a few months with his friends in this Bay, left for St. John's on Monday last in the fine schooner ""Portland"" en route for England. Mrs. WATERMAN who was visiting with him, went by last ""Conscript"" and both will leave St. John's in the first Allan boat. We wish them a safe and speedy passage across the Atlantic. Bazaar The bazaar in connection with St. Andrew's Church was opened on Tuesday last and continued the following days. A fine display of fancy and useful articles was exhibited which met with a ready sale, and the undertaking all through, was a decided success. A full report which was promised has no yet been furnished, but we hope to be able to give it in next paper. Nominations Wednesday last, the 30th ult., being Nomination Day, the candidates for our district were duly nominated at the Court House. The Hon. A.F. GOODRIDGE, Messrs. Smith, McKAY and M. T. KNIGHT were put in Nomination as Government candidates, and Messrs. Thomas PEYTON, E.R. BURGESS and J.P. THOMPSON for WHITEWAY party. There were no speeches on the occasion and everything passed quietly. Ballot Papers The action of the Government with respect to the printing of the ballot paper, should be sufficient of itself to open the eyes of our people as to the meanness and contemptability of the Government. The ballot papers could have been printed at the Sun Office, but because our political views are adverse to the Government, they prefer sending a printer from St. John's to do them, at five or perhaps ten times the cost that they could have been printed at the Sun office; but then they are running the Government on ""Sound Commercial Principles!""" Politics The ""Hiram Perry"" arrived here noon on Tuesday, bringing the three WHITEWAY candidates also Mr. F. WALSH of Little Bay. After leaving Little Bay, several places were visited, and a public meeting held. The one at Little Bay Island was well attended and much interest was manifested by the electors present. The conduct of the Government in the public affairs of the colony, was reviewed by the candidates, and at the close of the meeting, the candidates were loudly cheered. Our meeting at Fortune Harbor was an immense success. Mr. Francis WALSH of Little Bay Mines, was present and in an able and eloquent speech, reviewed the history of the Government during the past four years. His explanation of Railway matters whereby the support of the Liberal Party was purchased; his though explanation of working of the Bait Act; his bitter condemnation of the monopoly of mining and timber lands were clearly explained. He was listened to attentively and loudly cheered during his able address. Mr. WALSH is a young man of considerable talent and will no doubt in the near future take a prominent part in the public affairs of his native land Ballots ""Secrecy of the Ballot Vote." The voting by ballot is perfectly secret and no one need fear it being discovered as to how he may vote. Those who are attempting to do so are misleading the people, and are liable to the penalty of the law. We were informed by a very intelligent laborer on one of the city wharves yesterday, that many of the uneducated people of the city are still under the impression that it is possible for it to be known for whom a man votes. For the information of every one having doubts on this subject, we say, emphatically, that it cannot be known to any one, how a man places his cross, except in the case of a man not being able to read or write, in which event it is known only to the returning officer who is sworn to secrecy. Should the latter, despite his oath, betray the secret (which is highly improbable) he will, on being convicted of the offence, be subject to twelve months imprisonment. The ballot is the poor man's safeguard, he can vote according to his conscience and no one will be the wiser. -- St. John's Daily Colonist. By Telegraph (Special to the Sun) Little Bay, Oct 29. - GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT held a public meeting here last night. They were contradicted in many statements and could not give satisfactory answers. WHITEWAY and party were cheered throughout the meeting Voting CAUTION! As everything is being done by the Government agents to mislead the public in voting, in the hope of counteracting their base designs, we print, for the information of the public, the following rules, to guide them on Polling Day. We also append a form of ballot paper, made out for the district of Twillingate. The ballot paper shows that the voter has voted the straight ticket for BURGESS, PEYTON and THOMPSON. Form of Ballot Paper after voter has marked his cross on it, 1. BURGESS, Edward R. Burgess of Little Bay, Contractor, X. 2. GOODRIDGE, A.F. Goodridge of St. John's, Merchant. 3. KNIGHT, M.T. Knight of St. John', Gentleman. 4. McKAY, Smith McKay of St. John's, Gentleman. 5. PEYTON, Thomas Peyton of Twillingate, Surveyor, X. 6. THOMPSON, J.P. Thompson of Twillingate, Editor, X. Rules: 1st - Each Elector when he enters the booth shall give his name. 2nd - He shall then receive a ballot paper in the above form (without the crosses). 3rd - The voter can only give as many votes as there are members required for the district. 4th - After receiving a ballot paper the voter going inside marks a cross in the division on the ballot paper containing the name or names of the candidates for whom he intends to vote, thus: - X. 5th - The voter will then hand the ballot paper folded up, to the returning officer who will drop it into the ballot box. It must be so folded as to show the initials of the returning officer, which is on the back of it. 6th - If the voter spoils a ballot paper he may get another one. 7th - If the voter votes for more than the number of members he is entitled to vote for, his ballot paper is void and his vote of no use. The above are the principal rules. If a man is blind or cannot read, the returning officer marks his ballot paper for him in the presence of an agent of each candidate, all of whom are sworn. If any one divulges for whom a voter voted, he is liable to be sent to the penitentiary. So no one need fear discovery. Politics (Part 1) Political Meeting At Herring Neck. On Monday evening last a public meeting was held at Salt Harbor, Herring Neck, though under somewhat adverse circumstances. It was generally known there that the Editor of this paper, one of the Whiteway candidates, would be there, at the solicitation of some of the supporters of the party, to address there, for the second time during the campaign on election matters. But on arriving late in the evening, it was found that the school house had been engaged by a few supporters of the Government, with the intention no doubt of preventing our meeting from being held in the building, and the idea of holding a meeting that evening was abandoned. After tea, however, large numbers commenced to crowd toward the school, thinking that the meeting was to be held, and we were summoned to put in an appearance. Great indignation prevailed among the assembled crowd, nearly all of whom were determined supporters of the Whiteway candidates Politics (Part 2) The door was forced open and lights put in for the purpose of holding the meeting, but without the consent of the members of the Board, who were opposed to us in politics, we did not deem it advisable to enter the building, and addressed the large and enthusiastic crowd at some length under the broad canopy of Heaven; and although human nature appeared to conspire against us, Providence smiled upon us, for the moon in all its grandeur luminated the settlement, making it almost impossible to witness a finer night any time through the year. Added to this we were in close proximity to the parish lamps, which have recently been erected there. The audience listened with rapt attention, and the orderly conduct maintained throughout under the excited state of feeling, in consequence of not having the school, was most commendable, and reflects the highest credit upon the good people of Herring Neck. Politics (Part 3) When it was found that a dodge had been worked to prevent a meeting being held in the interest of the Whiteway party, it was decided by the people that no other should take place there that night, and two or three of the sturdy electors guarded the door until half past twelve, and kept any of the opposite party from entering, as they intended holding a political committee meeting there. This is not the only place where such contemptible meanness was shown to the Whiteway party during their canvass, by what are looked upon as the leading men of the settlements, and is a specimen of the adverse circumstances under which the canvass had to be carried on, and the disposition that existed to grind out every spark of independence in the breasts of the electors. With regard to not having the use of the school at Herring Neck, however it is only right for us to exonerate the Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN from any blame in the matter, as he had nothing to do whatever in withholding its use, as can be seen from a note over his own signature in another column. The following evening (Tuesday) another meeting was held in the Methodist school, Greens Cove, which was largely attended, and great interest appeared to be manifested by all present. The meeting was also addressed by Mr. F.W. COAKER and the WHITEWAY candidates were loudly applauded. A Disclaimer (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Permit me through the medium of the Sun to repudiate any connection in withholding the School House in this settlement from you, for the purpose of your public meeting on Monday last. The whole episode has occasioned me deep pain. I am Yours faithfully, G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, Chairman C.E.Bd. Education, Herring Neck, St. Mary's Parsonage, Nov 5 Letter to The Editor From A Herring Neck Planter. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir, -- please insert the following in behalf of the people of herring Neck, who I must say are rejoicing over the New Party's success at present. On Monday the 4th inst., a meeting was announced to be held in St. Mary's school at 7.30 p.m. at which Mr. THOMPSON was to address the people. At the time appointed a large crowd gathered, but to their amazement they could not get the school, Messrs LOCKYER & Co. of the Old Party, had worked a disgraceful scheme to try to put down Mr. THOMPSON. He had obtained the key of the school by force, and had claimed the possession of the school, without the consent of the Chariman, Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, to whom much credit is due, insomuch as that he declared before a large mass of people that they (Messrs. LOCKYER & Co.) had ignored him the right of the position of Chairman, and taken the key of the school without his consent, also declared himself neutral in Politics, and showed the people that he was no tool of the slave-driving merchants, at the close of which he was cheered to the utmost, and the people felt that they owed to him a place in their hearts that could never be taken again, and as long as life lasts he will have the best sympathies of the people of Herring Neck. And, Mr. Editor, we as the people of Herring Neck, will no more be ruled by the staving power of merchants. This event of Messrs. LOCKYER & Co., will forever be a blank in the Merchant's Books. The people are determined that they will in future, have the control of the school which they built and paid for, also that never again will they allow such a tyrant as LOCKYER to rule their private affairs. Trusting I have not taken too much of your valuable space, I am, on behalf of the people, Yours etc., A.H.N. Planter" Ship Arrival The steamer ""Walrus"" arrived here noon to-day with the ballot boxes, &c., and counting commenced this afternoon. Ship Departure The steamer ""Conscript"" left St. John's about noon yesterday for the Northern ports of call, and may be looked for here to-morrow. Her trip will probably extend to Griquet this time Fish Several cargoes of fish have left here the past few weeks for foreign markets. The ""G.C. Gradwell,"" Capt. BURHITT, sailed for Lisbon yesterday with 3,200 qtls. Labrador fish from the firm of Messrs. W. Waterman & Co. Christmas A Christmas Tree will be held at herring Neck to obtain help in completing and furnishing the Parsonage. Contributions in money or goods will be thankfully received by Mrs. E. BLANDFORD, Mrs. T. BLANDFORD, Mrs. W. MURCELL, Mrs. HINES and Mrs. REX. Diphtheria Within the past few weeks there have been several cases of Diphtheria in this community, but we are happy to say that the disease has not increased to any great extent, and has been confined to a few families only. We are not aware that any fresh cases have broken out lately. Visitors During the past week or two, a good many of our old friends from various parts of the bay have been here transacting their Fall's business. Among the number we were pleased to see Mr. W. ROUSELL of Leading Tickles and Mr. James PARSONS of Lushes Bight, the latter we regret to know being in a delicate state of health. Politics A Lying Telegram. On Wednesday afternoon Mr. KNIGHT received a telegram from a Mr. MARCH who is in Little Bay, saying that Mr. BURGESS, the local Whiteway candidate of that mining settlement, had been soliciting support for himself and the Government candidates, which is one of the greatest falsehoods ever invented. No doubt it was intended to get here early in the day, but providentially it was not received until the afternoon, a little while before the polls closed. the intention was to damage Mr. BURGESS and the party here, which would have been the case had it come along in the early part of the day, and particularly would it have affected our Little bay Colleague. This was a most malicious and dastardly attempt to ruin a political opponent and no language can be employed that would too strongly condemn such political rascality Election Returns ""By Telegraph"". Election Returns. Grand Victories For The Whiteway Party. (Special to the Sun) St. John's, Nov. 9. The Government has been badly beaten. WHITEWAY will have a big majority. The following are the returns known as yet. St. John's six - For the East - Dr. DEARIN and Messrs. MURPHY and HALLERN. For the West - Messrs. DAY and GEARIN. Harbor Main - Messrs MORRIS and WOODFORD. Brigus - Mr. CLIFT. Harbor Grace - Messrs WHITELY and Eli DAWE. Carbonear - Mr. DUFF. Bay de Verds - Messrs WOODS and WHITE. Burin - Mr. TAIT and Mr. ROTHWELL. All the above sixteen are Whiteway supporters. So far only four Government men are known to be elected, Messrs. GREEN and SHEA for Ferryland, Mr. MUNN for Harbor Grace and Mr. ROLLS for Fogo. Married On October 27th at Change Islands, by the Rev. W. REX, Elias BLAKE to Jane GILLINGHAM Married On November 5th at Herring Neck by the same, William WITT to Rosannah FARTHINg Married On November 6th at Herring Neck by the same William WHITE to Elizabeth JUDGe Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared: Nov 5 - ""Arthur,"" HARGRAVE, Fogo, 2200 qunitals codfish O & E. Nov 7 - ""G.C. Gradwell,"" BURNITT, Lisbon, 3100 qtls Labrador fish - W. Waterman & C0. Notice In're the Estate of John CANTWELL, Esq., late of Tizzard's Harbour, in the Northern District of the Island of Newfoundland, Trader and Planter, deceased. We, the undersigned executors of the above estate, hereby give Public Notice, that one month from the date hereof, we shall proceed to distribute the effects and proceeds of said estate, in accordance with the provisions of the Will of the above named estator, John CANTWELL, Esquire, and we herewith notify all who may be legally indebted to said estate, to pay to us, or any one of us, such debts as may be due, on or before the fifth day of December, Anno Domini Eighteen hundred and eighty nine, and all parties to whom the Estate may be legal indebted must produce their claims in writing to us, on or before the same date for liquidation. And we hereby give further notice, that in performing our duty as such executors, we shall have regard only to those claims that may be presented for payment to us, on or before the date above named. Given under our hands at Twillingate this 5th day of November, A.D. 1889 Advertisement Walter CLOUSTON, Manufacturer of Superior Single and Double OIL CLOTHING. Factory Barnes Road. St. John's, Newfoundland. All Goods Made From Gopod Plain Calico, and Finished with Three Coats of Oil. Orders will receive special attention. Write for price, terms and discount. Sick Fishermen (Part 1) Sick Fishermen Badly Treated on Labrador. Instances have been brought to our notice within the past few weeks, which show that sick fishermen are very badly treated on the Labrador, by those in charge of the steamers, that are employed by Government to convey mails and passengers up and down the coast. During the past season, one of our fishermen was overtaken by sickness while on the coast, and feeling so poorly, he decided on coming home. When a passage was applied for, the sick man was refused because he did not have the full fare, and consequently he was denied the privilege of embarking on board the steamer and returning home, and had to remain on the Labrador in his enfeebled condition, and run the risk of his life, which was greatly imperiled by the inhumane act of the commander in charge of the ship Sick Fishermen (Part 2) We hardly know who is at fault in a matter of this kind; whether it is optional with the Captain to deal with such cases, or whether orders are given to this effect by the Government, but it is certainly a most arbitrary rule, and one which subjects a poor sick fisherman to severe hardship. When we consider that these steamers are largely subsidized out of the public funds of the colony, it appears decidedly wrong that a poor fisherman, when overtaken by sickness, should be refused to be brought home in one of these steamers. By not being able to leave the coast it might be the means of losing his life, and the craft with which he would be connected missing a voyage of fish. There are very few fishermen who take money with them to Labrador, in fact thousands seldom see a shilling in the early part of the summer especially, let alone being in a position to take money enough with them to cope with such a contingency as we have alluded to Sick Fishermen (Part 3) It is the fishermen of the country who principally pay the taxes, and the least that could be done for any who may unfortunately be overtaken by sickness on the Labrador or elsewhere while prosecuting the fishery, is that a passage should be secured for them to their homes in the coastal steamers. It is hoped that this matter will be investigated so that in the future our poor suffering fishermen will have no need to complain further of the bad treatment that they have received when applying for passages homewards. At the same time we would call the attention of the authorities to the way in which our fishermen were served the past summer with respect to their letters. Some of them who were fishing in harbors long distances from where the mail steamers used to call, took the trouble to row in their boats some miles from their craft in order to meet the steamer to put their letters on board, and although they were near the ship the captain did not pay the slightest attention to them, and passed along without waiting a moment to take the letters from the fishermen, and consequently they were denied the privilege of sending them home. It made no difference how important such letters were, they could not be forwarded which might mean a serious loss to the parties concerned Death of Mrs. BERTEAU We regret to have to record to-day the death of Mrs. BERTEAU, wife of F. BERTEAU, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate, which sad event took place yesterday afternoon. For several months the deceased had been subject to a severe attack of illness which not only prostrated her bodily but likewise affected her mind; and for the greater part of her illness she was apparently insensible to even her nearest relations. During the summer Mrs. BERTEAU was removed to St. John's with the hope that the change and additional medical attendance would prove favorable to her recovery, but such however was not the result, instead of which she seemed to be getting worse, and she was brought back. Since then the deceased has been gradually sinking, until yesterday afternoon, when the death visitor appeared and she passed calmly and peacefully into rest. Mrs. BERTEAU was a very kind and charitably disposed lady, and in her the poor ever found a real friend, and many will miss a true heart that always beat towards the poor and who was ever ready to administer to their wants. The bereaved family have our heartfelt sympathy. Letter A Letter From Mr. CARELY. Herring Neck, Nov 18th. (To the Editor of the Twillingate Sun) Sir, -- Having been informed that my name has been used around this settlement in connection with the scurrilous attack made upon Mr. LOCKLYER, in a letter lately published in your paper over the signature of ""A.H.N, Planter"", permit me to say that I had nothing whatever to do with the letter in question, or knew anything about it until shown me in print. I may say that I express the general opinion of the planters of this settlement (both Now and Old Party) in saying that they very much regret any person should have written such deliberate untruths from this settlement over the signature of ""A.H.N. Planter,"" and I can assure you, Mr. Editor, that the imputation cast upon Mr. LOCKLYER of scheming to put you down, and taking the key of the schoolroom by force, is and uncalled for and untruthful statement. Yours Truly, Joseph CARELY. Ship Arrival The steamer ""Conscript"" arrived at Greenspond at 9.30 this morning. Subscriptions We are thankful to subscribers who have already sent in their subscriptions and would feel obliged if others would do so at an early date, particularly those living at a distance Ship Arrival/Departure The little steamer ""Matilda"" belonging to R. SCOTT, Esq., came here from Fogo on Thursday and returned the following day. The ""Portland"" arrived from St. John's on Thursday afternoon with a general cargo of merchandise for Messrs. W. Waterman & Co. Mail The English mail was late in arriving at St. John's this time and the ""Conscript"" did not leave for Northern ports until midnight Thursday. She may be expected here to-night. Meeting Companions of the R.S.C. Edward 7th, Chap. No. 3, will meet in the Hall on Saturday, 14th December, for the election of officers. Also, there will be some important business to transact which calls for the attention of all Companions. -- Advt Visiting Clergy On Sunday last, the Rev. W. HARRIS of St. Anthony who is spending a few days here, preached in the South and North side Methodist churches, morning and evening, alternately, delivering earnest discourses on both occasions to the congregations to whom he formerly expounded the Word. He leaves by this ""Conscript"" for his mission. Firewood With the exception of a few days, this has been a delightful Fall for getting about on the water, and it has been taken advantage of the past few weeks by a large number of craft that have been frequenting the bays for firewood. A good many are still engaged in this business, and some will be going until Christmas unless the weather should set in very severe in the meantime. Sale of Work The sale of work in aid of the Methodist parsonage, as announced the previous issues, was opened in the South Side school house on Tuesday afternoon, and continued the two following evenings. The room was nicely decorated for the occasion and the display of goods very attractive, and met with ready sales. Between two and three hundred dollars were realized Visiting Clergy The Rev. Mr. SNOW of Exploits and Leading Tickles mission, spent a few days in town the early part of the week and preached in St. Peter's Church on Sunday morning last, giving a fine discourse. Mr. SNOW has only been a few weeks in the mission, and the esteem in which he is held by the flock under his charge, many of whom we have had personal intercourse with, augers well for a successful ministry while laboring in that parish New Schooner ""A Splendid New Craft." Another excellent schooner which was recently launched at Rabbit's Arm for the firm of Messrs. Waterman & Co., arrived in port the early part of the week. She was built by Mr. Francis WARR, whose reputation as a master-builder is so favorably known and who has turned out so many fine craft in the past. The ""Canford"" adds one more to the many superiorily built vessels that he has put out of hands, and is one of the largest that has been built at Rabbit's Arm for sometime. She has not yet been measured, but is supposed to go about ninety-six tons. A more strongly or faithfully built craft could scarcely float on the water, while her model is such as to command the admiration of all who are competent to form opinions respecting the same. An immense quantity of iron has been utilized in her construction which is an evidence that she has been firmly and strongly built, and without due regard to economy, the true object being to have her thoroughly well fastened so as to make her suitable for contending with the mighty elements with which she will be brought into contact during her existence. The Canford is adapted for the Bank fishery or the general trade of the Colony. She will do credit to her builder wherever she goes and it is hoped that a long and prosperous existence awaits this fine craft" Died Yesterday afternoon after a lingering illness, Mary, beloved wife of F. BERTEAU, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate, aged 60 years. (Other papers please copy.)" Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared. Nov. 18 -- ""Forward,"" DAVIES, Lisbon, 3700 quintals fish. -- W. Waterman & Co. NOTICe Public Health Act, 1889. Sec 13. -- It shall be the duty of any householder, so soon as he shall become aware that any occupant of his house is suffering from any infections or contagious disease that may be detrimental to the public health, to give notice of such disease to the Chairman of the Board of Health or a Justice of the Peace, as the case may be, under a penalty not exceeding Fifty Dollars. Sec. 14 -- Any person suffering from any contagious or infectious disorder who willfully exposes himself, without proper precaution against spreading the said disorder, in any street, public place, or public conveyance, and any person in charge of one so suffering who so exposes the sufferer, and any owner or driver of a public conveyance who does not immediately provide for the disinfection of his conveyance after it has, with the knowledge of such owners, or drivers, conveyed any such sufferer, and any person who, without previous disinfection, gives, lends, sells, conveys, transmits, or exposes any bedding, clothing, rags, or other things which have been exposed to infection from such disorders shall, on conviction, before a Justice of the Peace, be fined in a sum not exceeding One Hundred Dollars, or in default thereof, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding Three Months. Providing that no proceedings shall be taken against persons transmitting, with proper precautions, such articles for the purpose of having them disinfected by order of the Board or a Medical Man. F. BBERTEAU, Stipendiary Magistrate. Twillingate, Dec 12. Monetary The Union Bank Of Newfoundland. Notice is hereby given that a dividend of Six per cent on paid up capital stock of this institution has been declared for the half year, ending November 30th, 1889, payable at it's Banking House in this city, on and after Monday, 9th inst. Transfer Books close from the 3rd to the 8th, both days included. By order of the Board. James GOLDIE, Manager. Dec. 14. Fogo Marriage The stir and struggle of politics is over and we have our old member in still. He is looking well and happy after his political campaign. And now, Fogo seems almost dead, nothing scarcely moving, save poor folk carrying home a few burnt sticks to try and warm their thinly clad limbs. However, there was a little stir Monday, November 5th for early in the morning, guns heavy guns, disturbed the sleeping village. The object of the salute was for a time unknown, at length it was discovered that Mr. J. HODGE, in the quiet of the lonely sanctuary, for the congregation had departed, had passed from the state of solitude into matrimonial bliss. Miss MEEK, the bride, having arrived by the ""Conscript"" on the Sunday morning. The continuous firing expressed the good wishes of the inhabitants to the happy pair. Long may they live. Fogo News Dec. 4th a capital concert was held in the Fishermen's hall towards the debt on the Methodist parsonage. Though the night was exceedingly cold the large hall was full, and $25.85 were realized, out of which the hall expenses, $5, had to be deducted. It was hoped the society would have charged less for the building, it being for a charitable object. Mr. STONE, one of the performers at the concert and secretary of the society, considering it was too high a charge, gave a subscription to help pay for the building. It is thought the hall would be much oftener hired if the charge were reduced. It was a capital concert and the audience was delighted for the three hours. Among the performers were Dr. MALCOM, Mr. STONE, Messrs. J. SCOTT and F. SCOTT, Mr. STEPHENSON and Rev. A. SKINNER and Mr. J. HODGE. Mrs. ABRAHAM, Miss ROSS, Miss KIROY and Miss SCOTT. On Dec. 23rd. a Xmas Tree will be held in the Methodist school house. But for these and a few other diversions we should be asleep nearly all the time. It is feared there will be much poverty here this winter. The cases of diphtheria at Seldom-Come-by are fast dying out. Mr. T.C. DUDER has gone to St. John's for the winter and Mr. EARLE is at present in England. Mr. FITZGERALD is now quite well. Seals A few seals have been captured in nets within the past week or ten days Ship News Several craft returned from St. John's the early part of the week. The ""Mary Parker"" sailed for there this morning. Meeting A meeting of the Patriotic Club will take place in the Hall next Friday evening at eight o'clock when all the members are requested to attend Meetings Interesting Church of England Missionary Meetings have been held this week. On Tuesday evening one was held in St. Peter's Church and the following evening in St. Andrew's, report of which will be found in another part of this paper. Meeting We are requested to announce that a meeting of the Dorcas Society will be held at the Court House on Wednesday evening next at 3 o'clock. This is the first meeting for the season and it is desired, that if possible, all the members will be present. Meeting Companions of the R.S.C. Edward 7th, Chap. No. 3, will meet in the Hall this (Saturday) evening at 7.30 sharp, for the election of officers. Also, there will be some important business to transact which calls for the attention of all Companions. -- Advt. Drunkenness It is said that the scene on the coastal wharf on Sunday night, while the Conscript was in port, was somewhat disgraceful. Some parties were under the influence of strong drink, but whether it was procured on board or ashore we cannot say. However, the authorities should be vigilant on such occasions Burglary at the Army On Sunday night week, between nine and ten o'clock, the house occupied by the Captain and Cadet of the Salvation Army, on Tickle Point, was burgularously entered by the back door, a cash box broken open, and some twenty-one or twenty-two dollars stolen therefrom. No clue to the miscreants has yet been discovered. Death News was received here the early part of the week, of the death of Smith McKAY, Esq., who has been ill for some time past. For fourteen or fifteen years he represented this district and for the past two terms he occupied the position of Chairman of the Board of Works, giving general satisfaction. The intelligence of his death will be received with regret by his numerous friends far or near The Law We have received a communication from a ""Sufferer"" about the negligence of the authorities in not bringing to justice guilty parties who have been violating the law, but we consider it rather personal and pointed, for a place in our columns. The writer says the ""past twelve months there have been no less than six shops, offices or dwelling houses burgularized and no trace has yet been found of the perpetrators." This certainly is an unfortunate and unsatisfactory state of things, yet we do not know whether any blame can be attached to our police officers for not ferreting out the guilty parties. In reference to the last burgulary that has been perpetrated, however, it is only right to say that Constable BURT was suffering from an attack of illness at the time and has scarcely been able to perform duty since Ship Arrival The coastal steamer ""Conscript"" arrived Sunday night. She goes as far as Griquet and is expected here to-day. Appended is the list of passengers: -- Bay de Verts - Mrs. MURRAY, nine steerage. Trinity - Constable WALSH and wife, Messrs. PIPPY, HISCOCK, CROSS, McGRATH, DOOLING, BROWN. Catalina - Mr. E. SNELGROVE, King's Cove -- Miss H. CURTIS. Greenspond -- Capt. WINSOR, Miss WINSOR, Messrs HADDEN and MURRAY. Fogo -- Messrs. SCOTT and H. LIND. Twillingate -- Mrs. MOORES, Messrs. PEYTON, THOMPSON and Wm. BAIRD, jr. Exploits -- Messrs Thomas WINSOR and GUTHIER. Pilley's Island -- Messrs John ROBERTS and E. ROBERTS. Little Bay Island -- Messrs Joseph STRONG and James STRONG. Little Bay -- Messrs BURGESS, BENSON, O'REDDEN, BURKE, BOYLE, J. WALSH., R.D. WALSH, Mr. BUZZAN, Mr. and Mrs. CALHOON, Rev. Mr. GEDDES. Nippers Harbor -- Mr. Eli STARKS and wife. Tilt Cove -- Rev. Father S....AN, Messrs GILL, H. HAYWARD, A. ADAMS. St. Anthony -- Mr. J. PENNY, Mr. MOORES. Catalina to Twillingate -- Messrs. WHITE and J. DAVIS. Lodge Elections L.O.A. The following officers of Crosby Lodge, No. 30, were elected and duly installed on Wednesday, 4th inst., as follows: Bro. Charles MAYNE, WM. Bro. William ASHBOURNE, DM. Bro. Revd. R. FREEMAN, Chap. Bro. Thomas YOUNG, RS. Bro. John LUNNEN, FS. Bro. Josiah COLBOURNE, T. Bro. Thomas WARR, DC. Bro. George CARD, L. Bro. Benjamin BLACKMORE, IT. Bro. Charles NEWMAN, OT. Investigating Committee: Bros. Reuben BlACKMORE, George MURRAY, Walter PURCHASE, David WHELLOR, Noah WHELLOR. Sick Committee: Back Harbor -- Bros. George MURRAY and James PURCHASE. North Side -- Bros. Charles MAYNE and Charles NEWMAN. South Side -- Bros. Noah WHELLOR and Shem YATES. Farmers Arm -- Bros. Adam POND and Isaac POND. Durrels Arm -- Bros. Peter JENKINS and Edward INGS. Change Islands -- Bros. George PORTER, Sen., and John ELLIOTT. Auditing Committee: Bros. Thomas YOUNG and Arthur W. SCOTT. Trustees: Bros. Reuben BLACKMORE and W. B. HUGHES. Dr. 1889 Dec 1st To paid for Benefits and other expenses $349.15. To Balance in Treas Hands, 88.85. Total $438.00. Cr."By amt Brought Forward from Last Year $137.85."By recd Fees and Dues 3 .15 Total $4 ""Amount in Treas Hands $88.85."Amount in Union Bank 583.26."Amount out at Loan $920.00. Total $4592.47 Thomas YOUNG Rec. Secretary. Missionary Services All the missionary services held in Methodist Churches here yesterday were largely attended. Indeed, at no time has there been more interest evinced in this important department of Christian work than at the present. Throughout the day the churches were filled to their utmost capacity, and the collections taken at the various services bore ample testimony to the great liberality of the congregations. The sermons preached by Rev. Dr. LATHERN, of Halifax, were eloquent and effective. Not only is he an able speaker, but, in addition to this great and powerful characteristic, the Reverend gentleman possesses a venerable and commanding exterior, well calculated to favorably impress an audience. A meeting will be held in George Street Church, this evening, at which the Rev. Dr. LATHERN will again speak. The service tomorrow evening will be conducted in Cochrane Street Chruch. Evening Telegram, Dec 2. Ship Grounding ""Ashore At Chain Rock." A vessel named the ""Hyacinth,"" belonging to Mr. J. MANUEL, of Exploits, and commanded by Capt. A. LILY, went ashore at Chain Rock, yesterday, whilst beating the Narrows. Another vessel was beating in at the time and the Hyacinth would have collided with her had she not gone ashore. Notwithstanding her being a new vessel, her bows were badly broken and the two pumps have to be kept continually working to keep her free. She is a substantially built vessel of eighty tons, and had on board at the time of the accident eight hundred quintals of fish and two hundred barrels of herring. The fish is damaged very little. She will go on dock after the cargo is discharged. -- Colonist, Dec. 2. Died On Nov. 30th, at Friday's Bay, Julia daughter of Thomas and Ellen GOSS, aged 5 years. Died Of diphtheria, on Dec. 6th, Paul, aged 6 years; On Dec. 8th, Bennett, aged 8 months; on Dec. 8th, James, aged 2 years; on Dec. 9th, Samuel, aged 8 years; on Dec 10th, Phillip, aged 4 years; on Dec 10th, Selina, aged 11 years, children of Philip and Georgina PIPPY. Died At Philadelphia, USA, on November 24th for the effects of a surgical operation, Edgar S., of Sydney, CB, second son of the late Edgar and Elizabeth STIRLING of St. John's CAUTION! The Bread now being offered for sale marked F only (in black) is not of our manufacture. Our Bread is all marked in full. BROWNING'S F. and M. in black. We ask parties purchasing our bread to see that each bag bears the full mark. Our Bakery has recently been refitted with all the latest improvements at very considerable expense, and we now offer Bread superior to any ever manufactured in this country. Ask for BROWNING'S BREAD and see that you get the right article. C. Browning & Son. Dec. 14, 1889"
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http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/glover_john_hawley_11E.html
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
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Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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http://brixton51.biographi.ca/en/bio/5545?revision_id=32913
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GLOVER, Sir JOHN HAWLEY, naval officer and colonial administrator; b. 24 Feb. 1829 at Yateley, Hampshire, England, son of the Reverend Frederick Augustus Glover and Mary Broughton; m. November 1876 Elizabeth Rosetta Scott, and they had at least one child; d. 30 Sept. 1885 in London, England.
John Hawley Glover’s father had planned that his son would enter the Royal Engineers but instead, with the help of his mother, the daughter of an admiral, he joined the Royal Navy on 4 Dec. 1841 as a first class volunteer serving under Admiral Sir Edward Campbell Rich Owen. Glover’s prospects were bright, but the sudden death of his mother and his estrangement from his father when the latter quickly remarried deprived him of the essential financial means to further his career. Withdrawal from naval service was, however, avoided when Owen encouraged Glover to enter the Surveying Branch; he joined it in May 1842 and with his pay was able to support his own advancement. Until 1852 he served on surveying ships in the Mediterranean and along the west coast of Africa. In 1853 Glover took part in the war in Burma and was mentioned twice in dispatches. After his recovery from a wound received in Burma, surveying duties took him to the Baltic and to the Elbe and Weser rivers until March 1857 when he was sent with the Niger expedition to survey the lagoons at Lagos and a portion of the Niger River. His career at sea ended in 1862 with the completion of this tour and with his advancement to the rank of commander at the age of 33. He was later placed on the retired list, and in 1877 promoted captain.
On 21 April 1863, Glover was appointed administrator of Lagos; in 1864 he became colonial secretary of the colony, and in 1866 he again assumed the duties of administrator until 9 July 1872. In his second term as administrator he was actively involved in suppressing marauding Ashantis, and in 1873 he volunteered to serve against the Ashantis when war appeared imminent. His instructions were to raise a native force with which to act at his discretion under the leadership of Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley*; with Hausa tribesmen he accompanied the main force proceeding into the Ashanti country, and showed skill in raids and movement of military supplies. He was largely responsible for the peace reached on 14 Feb. 1874 and received the thanks of the British parliament and a gcmg for this service. His actions were long remembered by the Hausas.
Glover was offered the post of governor of Newfoundland on Christmas Eve 1875 and he arrived there on 7 April 1876. The colony, he found, had matured considerably since the rowdy days following the opening of the first legislature in 1833 under Governor Thomas John Cochrane*. The Liberal premiers Glover worked with during his terms in office, 1876–81 and 1883–85, Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter* and William Vallance Whiteway* respectively, were both talented men and prominent lawyers, who ably guided Glover in his administration of the colony. During Glover’s first term, Carter and particularly Whiteway sought to diminish external influence over the colony’s affairs and policies.
The French government was aware that its hold on the west coast, also called the French shore, depended upon the restriction of private and commercial settlement and complained to the British government at every attempt by Newfoundland to place settlers on it. Nevertheless, by the time Glover left Newfoundland in 1881, the colony had made significant progress towards control of the west coast. In 1877 Commander William Howorth became the first magistrate on the west coast appointed by Newfoundland and customs officers began collecting dues for use by the colony. The area gained representation in the assembly in 1881 and France conceded the right “in principle” for the Newfoundland government to make land grants for settlement, mining, and industrial enterprises in the same year. These changes were representative of the substantial easing of British control over the colony. The greatest threat to French ambitions was the Railway Act of 1880 which provided for the construction of a line to run from St John’s to Halls Bay, a mining region in Notre Dame Bay. This railway would connect the centres of population, open land in the valleys of the Gambo, Gander, and Exploits rivers, and facilitate lumbering and mining operations in the interior. The government hoped to continue the line all the way down the west coast to Port aux Basques where it would connect by ferry with the mainland railway system, but after complaints to Britain from the French government, the imperial government forced the colony to accept the shorter line to Halls Baet for the colony, overly dependent upon the fishery, the diversification promised by the completion of the Longer railway was too strong a need to be denied forever.
Glover, at first unaccustomed to the complexities of responsible government, soon adopted a policy of following the advice of his ministers in colonial matters while trying to prevent a serious breach with the home government which had the responsibility for fishery treaties with France. The Newfoundlanders’ success with the French shore problem eased the political atmosphere in the colony, and made the positions of the governor, British naval personnel, and officers on the treaty coast less onerous. The governor’s role of liaison between the colony and the home government was also aided in 1878 by the satisfied feeling in Newfoundland following the negotiation by Whiteway of an award from the Halifax Commission: Newfoundland received $1 million as its share of funds paid by the United States to Great Britain as compensation for advantages gained in the Atlantic fisheries through the Treaty of Washington in 1871.
Glover was happiest when travelling throughout the island with his wife. Together they visited fishermen’s homes, inspected working establishments, ventured down mines, and holidayed in popular resorts and remote outports. Glover was the first governor to cross a large part of the island when in 1878 he went on a two-month trip between Halls Bay and the Bay of Islands accompanied by the famous geologist, Alexander Murray, and, for part of the way, by Moses Harvey*, a clergyman and historian who published Across Newfoundland with the governor the following year. Glover thus knew more about the people and the personalities of the colony than many of the government ministers. When he opened the legislature in 1879 he could say with conviction that he had been impressed with the agricultural resources and forest lands in the western part of the island which would attract settlers; it afforded “such facilities for the construction of a main highway that this great work might be accomplished at a very modest cost.” The speech was a mixture of truth and exaggeration, which presaged the railway age of Newfoundland.
On a visit to England during the London season of 1881, Glover accepted the governorship of the Leeward Islands and was instructed to travel there quickly because of urgent problems. Sir Henry Berkeley Fitz-Hardinge Maxse succeeded him in the autumn of 1881. The Glovers were not reluctant to leave Newfoundland; they were equally content to depart from the Caribbean in 1883. Sir John contracted malaria in Antigua, and while waiting for a better posting, rested in Germany, Ireland, and England. Maxse, who had arrived in Newfoundland in poor health, died in September 1883 and the colony was without a governor at a time when negotiations with France over fishery treaty rights were taking place. The Colonial Office persuaded Glover to take up the governorship) again for a short term. Before going to St John’s, he went to Paris to participate in the treaty talks, acting in an advisory capacity to the British ambassador. This visit enabled him to nurse his health further and when the negotiations were over Glover took a holiday in Sussex. He received an urgent message in late May 1884 from Premier Carter asking him to come to Newfoundland immediately to deal with colonial matters so that Carter could fulfil his obligations as chief justice and preside at the trials of Roman Catholics charged with the murder of several Protestants during riots at Harbour Grace in 1883. Despite the religious tension in the colony, Glover was well received when he arrived in June accompanied by two Colonial Office officials who were sent to persuade the government of Newfoundland to accept the terms of the recent Paris negotiations.
Glover stayed in Newfoundland long enough to see the latest French shore terms rejected by the colony and the completion of the railway to Harbour Grace, the second largest community on the island. In late 1884 he and Lady Glover opened the new graving docks in the St John’s harbour. Glover, however, had not fully recovered his health and he collapsed on 2 March 1885. Rest cures in Topsail, Nfld, and in Homberg (Federal Republic of Germany) did not help him and he died at his home in London on 30 Sept. 1885. A monument was later raised to his memory in St Paul’s Cathedral, London, with a replica in the Anglican Cathedral of St John the Baptist in St John’s, completed during Glover’s second term.
In her private diary Glover’s wife has provided considerable background detail to his career of a kind not normally included in political histories. She considered the proper role of her husband as paterfamilias to backward and primitive colonies, a view which was condescending but not without truth. However, in Daniel Woodley Prowse*’s judgement, “No more honourable, generous, kind hearted, or active ruler ever presided over our government.”
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https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~fordingtondorset/genealogy/Files2/DorchesterWillsIndex.html
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Dorchester, Dorset, England, Wills, Index
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Dorchester, Dorset, England, - Index of Wills
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NAME DATE Ref Comments Will of Alianor wife of Robert BAKER 30 Oct 1405 D/BLX/T51/13 DHC Index entry:- Dated at Dorchester, 30th October, 7 Henry IV (1405) Robert Baker, Richard Bertlot, clerk, executors of will of Alianor, wife of Robert Baker, Robert Bertram and Alice his wife. Witnesses: John Pury senior, Thomas Budde, John Jurdan, Reginald Jacob, John Boinell, Robert Moss and Thomas Baker: 2 red seals portraying religious scene and coat of arms Will of John WASPRAY [WESTSPRAY] of Dorchester, Dorset December 1413 PROB 11/2A [Will in Latin] This is John WESTSPRAY husband of Matilda mentioned in the Municipal Records of Dorchester see Charters 241 & 261. Will of Richard BEEK of Dorchester, Dorset 13 Nov 1418 PROB 11/2B [Will indexed as 12th Nov 1418 in Latin] Probate of will of Henry PREST of Dorchester made Thursday next after feast of St. Lucie, virgin (14th December) 1419, and proved at Dorchester, 14 January 1419/20. 14 Dec 1419 DHC: D/BLX/F39 Asks for body to be buried at Fordington St. George, and gives money to that church and All Saints Dorchester; gives house in alley next to Durngate Street to William Spycer, Roger Beterok and John Serle who are to sell it and give half of the money to Alice his wife. They are also his executors. 2 seals of which one is all but gone and the other, that of the bailiffs of Dorchester, is in very good condition Will of Calford [Calfridi] SAMWYSE [SAMWAYS] of Dorchester, Dorset 25 Sep 1487 PROB 11/8 [Will in Latin] Will of William KYNG [KING] of Holy Trinity Parish Dorchester 1492 PE/DO(HT)/MI 1 Held st DHC Will of John WILMOTT of Dorchester, Dorset 20 Oct 1498 PROB 11/11 [Will in Latin] Will of Robert BAYTE, Draper of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 28 Dec 1512
Proved 11 Feb 1513 PROB 11/17 Will: My body to be buried in the churchyard of St Martyin Field in London; Bequest of Land and goods to Margaret my wife also made sole executrix; Overseer Thomas Lynne Knight £10 sterling to help my poor wife - bequest of plate that William STONE hath of mine; Will and probate of John DRAKE, dated 31st July, 1513, 31 July 1513 D/BLX/T54 DHC Index Entry:- 1 house (later 2) on north side of street (some deeds say east). (Bedford, Hakney, Killingfforde, Wilson, Drake, Haydon, Churchill, Henninge, Lancaster). Includes will and probate of John Drake, dated 31st July, 1513, which mentions this property which he leaves to his wife Edith. (Seal of bailiffs of Dorchester almost intact). Will of Robert ADDEN [ADYN?] of Dorchester, Dorset 02 Feb 1515 PROB 11/18 Not Located Will of John WILLIAMS or [WILLYAMS] of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 28 Nov 1515
Proved 19 Dec 1515 PROB 11/18 [Will in Latin can anyone provide a good translation?] John WILLIAMS, of Dorchester, by his will dated 28th Nov 1515, proved 19th Dec following, ordered his body to be buried in the north part of the church of Saint Peter in that town. He directed his executor to provide an honest priest in the church of Saint Peter aforesaid for the space of twenty-one years, and to make disposition for the good of his soul. [See page 383 of John Hutchins 'The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset' - I have not been able to translate this will but think it leaves his burgage in Dorchester to his son John Williams. Link to The WILLIAMS Family of Herringston Will of John [Johannes] HOMES of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 8th Apr 15??
Proived 19 April 1547 PROB 11/31 Will body to be buried at wife's pleasure; bequest daughter Jone 20 marks; son Thomas 20 marks; son George £20; son John 20 marks; daughter Ede [Eve?] 5 marks; to Ursula my daughter 5 marks; to Alice COBE 5 marks; Eliz her daughter 5 marks; to Jone my sister in Reading 40 shillings; various other bequests made wife Eliz executrix John White and John Marsh Overseers etc Will of John WILLIAMS Gentleman of Herringston Dated 29 May 1548
Proved 03 Feb 1549 PROB 11/33 Link to The WILLIAMS Family of Herringston and a transcription of the Will Will of John ESTON, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 11 Feb 1548
Proved 29 Feb 1549 PROB 11/32 Will To be buried in St Peters 6s 8d for burial; to parson of same parish 3s 4d; for the sick poor 3s 4d; small bequests to All Hallows and Trinity churches and Almshouse in north street?; to poor women of ye? 5d, and apron and new shoes? ; Alms house in South street 5d etc - bequests to his mother and wife Agnes also daughter Alice; daughter Sybell; son Richard; son John; ---etc etc long will Will of Robert SNELLING [SNELLINGE or SNELLYNGE] , Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Robert Snelling was elected bailiff of Dorchester 3 times, in the 30th and 38th year of the reign of Henry VIII and again in the 5th year of the reign of Edward VI.He was a witness to various charters eg 572 in 1510; ] Dated 20th Dec 1553
Proved 19 March 1554 PROB 11/36
Will:- My body to be buried in the church of St Peters Dorchester near unto the place where I sit at service. I give unto every church in Dorchester 12d; Item: I give and bequeath to all and every of my one with the other as well as they were rehersed by name (Anne only excepted fiftie three shillings and four pence . And I give and bequeath to the said Anne three pounds and five shillings and eight pence. And if it happen any one dye that then his part to be divided unto the rest. Item I give and bequeath to Elizabeth my last daughter my title and interest that I have in the parsonage? of Stinsford yet to come: My will and my mind is that Margaret my wifeand Robert my son shall enjoy receive take and have all and singular the profits comodities and advantages rents and profits whatsoever they be yearly coming and growing as well of the burgage with the appurtenances in Dorchester now in the tuenure of John CHUBB as also of the leases of two mills with the appurtenances in Dorchester aforesaid the lease of Lowdisfield and the lease of the shops in Dorchester aforesaid and after the decease of Margery my wife I will the same burgage with the appurtenances in the tenure of John CHUBB and all other premises with the appurtenances remaining wholly to the said Robert my son and to the heirs of his body foe ever. And for lack of issue to the right heirs of the said Robert the residue of all goods moveable and unmoveable I give and bequeath my debts and legacies first paid unto Margery my wife and Robert my son whom I ordain and make my executors of this my last will. This being witnessed John PALMER Hugh rendham Jefferey Bowdon John Harvey Walter Windsor
Will of John CHURCHELL [CHURCHILL] of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 10th Apr 1557
Proved 25 Aug 1557 PROB 11/39 Link to transciption of will of John CHURCHILL (1512-1557) and more information about his family Will of Thomas GAYE [GAIE or GAY] , Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset [See also 9th May 1562] Dated 15 April 1560
Proved 26 April 1561 PROB 11/44 Will: My body to be buried within the churchyard of Saint Peter in Dorchester to which I give 3s 4d; To Thomsey my wife while a widow occupation of my house which I hold of master Robert WILLIAMS by lease for term of years; Also to Thomsey all such goods moveable and unmoveable that she brought with her and the occupation of all my household goods during her widowhood; My Overseers Rober COKER, Robert WILLIAMS Esquires, Robert ADYN and John HAYWARD ; Unto Hugh HAYNE my Son-in-Law my burgage with the appurtenances set and being in the west part of the south part of Dorchester between the burgage of John HAYWARD in the north part ; unto ? 3s 4d; Rest to Rainolde GAYE and Wiilliam my sons whom I make executors and see his debts paid ; to each overseer 3s 4d ; to the poor of Dorchester 10 shillings; Witnesses Robert Williams; Robert Adyn; also Barbate? John HAYWARD Sentence of Thomas GAIE [GAY] of Dorchester, Dorset [See 26th Apr 1561] 09 May 1562 PROB 11/45 In Latin Will of Robert ADYN [ADIN], Draper of Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- Wife Katherine; Sons Robert and Luke ADYN were woollen drapers by trade and referred to in many charters; Daughters Edith, Mary, Alice and Johan all seem to be unmarried; John Admiston charters 655 a weaver (1560) and 664 a beer brewer (1565); John Scott was a merchant many charters; John Chubb Gent many charters. See widow Katherine's Will dated 24 Aug 1569 and proved 18 Mar 1570 below] Dated 27 Mar 1564
Proved 20 June 1564 PROB 11/47 My body to be buried within the parish Church of St Peters in Dorchester; small bequests to St Peters Holy Trinity and All Saints; Robert ADYN my son the burgage with appurtenances lying and being on the east side of South Street within Dorchester and late in the occupation of Richard MAYLARD; also to my son Robert ADIN the burgage houses buildings rooms & orchards and gardens with appurtenances lying and being within the said borough of Dorchester on the north side of the High East Street there or late in the occupation of Roger BAYLIE William TORON and John CHUBB together with 3 yards of ground within the west walls of Dorchester in the occupation of Roger DIER ; Also to my son Robert ADYN the burgage with appurtenances lying and being which I lately purchased of John ADMINSTON lying and being in the parish of All Saints within the borough of Dorchester at the south end of All Hallons church Lane and moreover I bequeath unto my son Robert ADIN the messuage burgage or tenement shop sellers houses buildings and rooms with their appurtenances lying within the Borough town of Melcombe Regis in Dorset occupied by William HOOPER, Edmund KNAPLOCKE -- If son dies without lawful issue to --Luke ADYN my son and legal heirs --- or if he dies -- to Edith Mary Alice and Johan my daughters : Bequest to son Luke ADYN the burgage or tenement lying in Borough of Dorchester on east side of High East Street late in the occupation of John BOWDEN + Burgage etc on north side of High Street next to the south part of the through yard of the parish church of St Peter late in the tenure of of John SCOTT + messuages burgages tenements etc lying together at the uppermost end of westernside of south street late in the occupation of Roger DIER and John PUTFED? + the messuage or tenement at Froome Vaunchurch within parish of Maiden Newton; etc late in tenure of Thomas WHITALL + all rent of 8 shillings and 1 pound weight in pepper due yearly from lands and tenements at East Shillingstone which John SAMWAYS [Fratum?] holds and occupies; + 1 garden or grounds lying on south side of a burgage of William ADYN up to plot of John SAMWAYS of Toller if dies all to son Robert and if dead his sisters as before- Sons Robert and Luke left personal items such as cash and goblets etc: Daughter Edith ADYN £40 on marriage + an ale cup of silver; Daughter Mary ADYN £40 on marriage + 1 flat piece of silver ? which was my fathers; Daughter Alice ADYN £40 on marriage + dozen silver spoons ; Daughter Johan ADYN £40 on marriage + silver salt etc; Bequest to Katherine my wife the rent and profits of all messuages etc supported for life; + lease and years to come of Fullers Mill at Burton within the parish of Charminster then to Luke son; Bequest to wife Katherine all such leases as he has of Robert WILLIAMS Esquires of John SAMWAYS of Toller Fring? Gent of Thomas LONGE of Frome Billett {i.e. West Stafford] yeoman John ADDAMS of Abbotsbury yeoman etc Bequest to Sir William WOODMAN of Holy Trinity in Dorchester 3s 4d ; To the poor 30s ;Rest and Residue to Katherine wife also appointed executrix Will of Richard STRAFORD [or STRATFORD] of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 18th July 1566
Proved 31 Oct 1566 PROB 11/48 Will: My body to be buried in Saint Peters Churchyard of Dorchester near unto the place where my mother and sister were buried; To St Peters church 2 shillings six pence; To the church of Holy Trinity in Dorchester two shillings; To the church of All Hallows [i.e. All Saints] two shillings; To the church at Fordington 20 pence; To the church of Wimborne Minster ten shillings To Sir William WOODMAN parson of St Peters {Note:- and HT] in Dorchester 6 shillings and 4 pence; To poor prisoners of Dorchester 5 shillings wortrh of money on in bread every year for 7 years. To the poor people of the Alms House in Dorchester yearly for 7 years 3 shillings and four pence. To my father £20; To my Cousin Thomas VALENCE 20s; To George VALENCE his brother 20s yearly for 5 years; To William VALENCE the Elder the feeding and pasturage of one steer or ox in bramstone moor during my years yet to come therein; To Suszanne daughter to Marie my ? £20 at age 20 and my brother Lawrence [STRATFORD] shall have the education and bringing up of her etc; to Piers my shepherd 3s 4d; To my Aunt? SAMPFORD 3s 4d; To Agnes and Edith my Aunt 3s 4d each; To the poor of Dorchester 20s worth of bread; To the Vicar of Fordington 6s 8d; To 6 of William TALBOT's children 6s 8d each; To William VALANCE ten children to be equally divided To William TALBOT son of Thomas TALBOT 6s 8d; to each godchild 5s; To Margaret FORD 2s; To Richard son of Lawrence BOCHIER? which was my Shuute? 12d; To each of my sisters sons that is to say to Thomas and Harrie LYMSTER £6 13s 4d at the day of their marriage; To William TIMKOO 20d; To Katherine SAVAGE 6s 4d; he each of her children vitz three sons and daughters 5s; To Elizabeth COOLE one little ring gold; To David POWELL of Warminster and to his wife to each a gold ring; To his son and 2 daughters 1 gold ring; To William MOZE [MORE?] and his wife each a gold ring; To Richard USHELER? 1 ring of gold; To Robert HUNT 1 ring of gold; All rings to be of weight 2 shillings in gold; To my sister Anne 1 gold ring weighing 20 shillings; To POWELL, Robert 10 shillings; To Robert SHALLINGTON 2 s; All Residue of my goods etc to Lawrence STRATFORD my loving brother whom I make sole executor; Friends William VALENCE, William MORE, William TALBOT and Hugh GRINDHAM my Overseers Will of Robert WILLIAMS Gentleman of Herringston Dated 08 Oct 1566
Proved xxx PROB 11/51 Link to The WILLIAMS Family of Herringston and a transcription o fthe Will Will of Richard HAYNE, Mercer of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- See pedigree in 1623 Visitation of Dorset page 54.] Dated 24 Aug 1569
Proved 18 Mar 1570 PROB 11/52 Link to transcription of his Will and more information about his Family Will of Katheryn ADYN [ADIN], Widow of Dorchester, Dorset and late the wife of Robert ADYN of Dorchester deceased [Note:- See her husbands will dated 27 Mar 1564 and proved 20 June 1564 above] Dated 14 Feb 1569
Proved 05 May 1570 PROB 11/52 Will : My bodie to be buried within the pishe (i.e. parish) church of Saint Peter near the place where the body of my late husband lieth; To the poor of Dorchester 20 shillings; To poor of parish of Frampton 10s; To the poor people abiding within the alms houses in Dorchester one bushel of wheat to be made and baked into bread to be given to them on Good Friday for 5 years; I give to Sir William WOODMAN Parson of the Holy Trinity in Dorchester 6s 8d; To Robert ADYN my son the burgage etc which Flatelie PRITCHARD? had to me & my heirs forever of Paufse? [Ralph?] CORBIN settling and being in the east side of the south street ; Also to RA my son the garden ground etc which I purchased of William HOOPER at Melcombe Regis ; If RA dies then to Luke ADYN my son who also gets All that burgage etc purchased of Flatelie PRICHARD? of John SNELLING situated on South side of of the higher part the east street in the parish of St Peters; if Luke dies to son Robert ADYN; If both RA and LA die then to her 4 daughters Edith, Mary Alice and Jone. Also to son RA the furnace standing in the kitchen and the brewing fate thereunto belonging, my best basin and ewer, 1 dozen of plates of tynne , a gold ring with a seal therein which was his fathersring, the bedstead, the cupboard, the setling [settle] 2 table boards, the Ashen [Ash] chaire in the brode chamber; Also to son Luke the new furnace over the kitchen, the greatest new fate, the greatest new blasse [brass?] crocke, the second best basin & ewer, a great chardger , 3 plates, 3 pottingers, 3 saucers, 1 dozen of plates of tyne, pair of candlesticks of tyne, 2 tynne pots standing upon the cupboard in the hall, the gold ring of 3 hopes which lies engraved thereon, the best featherbed of downe two pillows of downe, a pair of fyne sheets, one pair of fyne blanketts, the best coverled, 5 carpet rushens and half a dozen napkins, ---etc etc very long list bequests of household items and jewellery etc to her 4 daughters as well -- Overseers John BROWNE, Thomas HARDYE?, my brother? Benjamin? HAYNE, & William ADYN Overseers who get 10s each; Witnessed by John STRANGMAN, John CHUBBE, John HENING Will of John DAVIE [or DAVY or DAVYE] of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 4 May 1570
Proved 27 May 1570 PROB 11/52 Will: My bodie to be buried in Serne (Cerne) churchyard ; To the church of (illegible) 12d ; My brother Albon DEWYN shall pay the parsonfor his pains and also to pay my hosty? ; The rest of my goods I give to my brother Albon DEWLYN Witness John Hue, Gsakyne doth owe me ? ; John THORNE of Stoke under Hamdon [Somerset] oweth me 5s; John SYMES of Stoke oweth me 6s. Will of Christopher HOLE of Dorchester, Dorset 27 October 1570 PROB 11/52 [Note:- See Charter 676 where referred to as a Gentleman living on the east side of High North Street, in 1556] Will of Margerie MARKSFILL widow of Dorchester, Dorset [Note Difficult to transcribe attempted in full - The surname is spelt differently when the document was filed (as Margeriæ MARKSFILL) and again when probate was registered (as Margerie MARKSFELD) Dated 24 Mar 1572
Proved 21 Apr 1572 DHC Ad/Dt/W/1659 event record 20
In the name of God Amen the xxiiijth day of Marche in the xiiijth yereof the reign of or Sovereign Lady Elizerbeth ec I Margery MARKYSFYLL wyddow beying syeke of boddy and pfytt of good remembrance do make thyes my last wyll & testment in mannr & foyme followying fyrst I geve my soule to Almyghty god and my boddy to be buryedd with the churche yeryd of Sayntte Peteres in Dorchester Itm I geve to the mother churche of Brystell ? v - iiijd Itm to the church of All Saynte in Dorchester v - & ijd Itm to them thein? other kynye of? me in sayntte peter churche v - xxd Itm I geve and bequeth to Lettia KAYNELL of C?anefyd foy v - xxd Itm I geve to the poor people of Dorchester v xd Itm I geve to Johanne PETTRES my Nephew ???? one strene one kerchyff and a whyte peteycote Itm I geve to the churche of Saynte Peteres v - xxd Itm I geve to Margarett SOMERS my daughter?? v -xd Itm I geve to my daughters?? Kitchyn stooywe?? Itm I geve to Agnes ???? Kyspyll one kytell and a payre of syl?? Iathes Itm to any of my god chyldrne v iiijd the
[In Modern English} In the name of God Amen the 24th day of March in the 14th year of the reign of our Soverign Lady Elizabeth etc I Margery MARKSFILL widow being sick in body [but of] good remembrance do make this my Last Will & Testament in manner and form following. First I give my soul to Almighty God and my body to be buried within the churchyard of St Peter's in Dorchester. Item: I give to the mother church of Bristol? viz 4d? Item: to the church of All Saints in Dorchester viz 12d? Item: to ?? in St Peters church 20 pence ------
Note:- The 14th year of the reign of Charles II ran from 17th Nov 1571 to 16th Nov 1572
Will of John PALMER the elder of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 23rd April 1573] Will dated 2 Mar 1572: 26 May 1573 PROB 11/55 + Ancestry Will: To be buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester: Bequests to Cathedral Salisbury + 3 churches in Dorchester + St Georges Fordington & others: Poor of 3 parishes in Dorchester; Wife Marion inherits all lands premises etc in Dorchester for life if unmarried (also executrix) then to son & heir Ralph, then son John: Bequests to sons William & Thomas and Elizabeth (daughter?) (brewing house to Wm) daughters Alice and Norne? Thomazine, Joane, Edith Palmer. Neighbour Luke Aden, William Gardener, and son Ralph Palmer appointed overseerers. [Note:- John was probably the John PALMER who was Bailiff of Dorchester in 1556; 1561 and again in 1567. His wife Marion was buried at HT on 7th July 1597. His son and heir Ralph Palmer died and was buried at HT on 24th jan 1609/10 and left a will proved 26th May 1610 see below] Will of John VYNIE [or VYNYE or VINE], Weaver of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Indexed on Ancestry incorrectly as UYNIE; Note also Charter 655 MRD for the Charter of John Admiston, made to John Vynye and Charter 658. Charter of Owin Hayman, made to John Vynye. ] Dated 04 Jun 1574
Probate 24 Nov 1574 PROB 11/56 Will: My bodie to be buried in the church of All Saints in Dorchester; To the Cathedral church of bristol 12 pence; To church All Saints Dorchester 3 shillings; four pence; to the poor mens box in the same church 2 shillings; To each of my Godchildren 4 pence; To every of the churches in Dorchester 20 pence; To Cuthberd STONE my old black gown with black fur; to the bedeman a pair of old hoses and a canvas dublett; To John VYNIE my son my burgage with appertenances that John RAWLINS the elder now dwelleth in Dorchester; If JV dies the to William VYNIE my son; To John VYNIE my son £10 at age 22; If JV dies then my son William and my daughter Agnes VYNIE share equally at age 22; To JV my son my great chest in the chamber in which i now lie, one of the best crockees, one brass pan of a bushell, one featherbed, one bolsterof feathersand a pair of sheets of canvas, a pair of blanketts, a red coverled, two platters, two porringers, two saucers, one candlestick, and my best pair oset combs with the tackling thereof; To William VYNIE my son my burgage with the appurtenances in the South Street; and £5 at age 22; To said Wm my son a featherbed; a bolster, a pair of sheets, a pair of blanketts, a white coverled, a crocke, a pan, two platters, two pottingers, and two saucers; To Agnes VYNIE my daughter the lease and term of years of the hosue John ??LLARIE and Thomas WOOL dwelleth in in Dorchester and £10, a featherbed, a bolster, a pair of sheets, a pair of blankets, a coverled, one crocke, one pan, two platters, two porringers, two saucers, and a candlestick; To my brother Robert my rug, gown, and my best coat that has sleeves; To Sir William CARPENTER my holy father 2 shillings; To Edward VYNIE three quarters rent that he oweth me and my coat that I wear every day, A pair of looms that be in my shop with the tacklings; To Marie SORGENTES [SARGENTS] my daughtera silver spoon; To each of my wife's children a silver spoon; All the rest to Jone my wife who ia made executrix; To Lawrence STRATFORD, Robert HUNT, Rerynolde GAYE and John THOMAS, 20 pence whom I make Overseers; Witnesses Sir William CARPENTER , and the Overseers Note:- Will also gives a list of debts both due and owed. Will of Raynolde GAYE of All Hallows Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Indexed incorrectly on Ancestry as Richard GAGE - All Hallows is All Saints Church in Dorchester] Dated 23 Jun 1575
Proved 08 Nov 1575 PROB 11/57 Will: My body to be buried in the church yard of St Peters fast [close] by my father and mother; Mother church of Bristol 12 pence; All Saints 6s 4d; Holy Trinity Church 20 pence; To Poor of All Saints 20shillings; To Sir William CARPENTER curate of the parish of All Saints 3 shilliongs and four pence; To each of my godchildren 12d; To Richard PUCKET my black edged rob; To Cudbert STONE my white edged robe; My youngest son Thomas GAYE £13 6s 8d when aged 24; If TG dies to remain to his daughters Elinor, Scicile and Margaret GAYES divided betwixt them at day of marriage or age 21; £13. 6s. 8d to each of his daughters Elinor GAYE, Siceile GAYE and Margaret GAYE at their day of marriage or age 21; Rest to wife Alice GAYE and Nicholas GAYE my son (also made executris) ; William STRATFORD my Brother-in-law, Hugh HAME, Thomas GOLLE, and Peter GOODFELLOW; Will also gives a list of debts both due and owed. Will of Luke ADYN of Dorchester within the Diocese of Bristol Dated 22 Aug 1577 PROB 11/60 Will : My body to be buried in the east side of my fathers tomb: To the Cathedral Church of Bristol 12d; To the poor mens box of the Parish Church of Saint peterin Dorchester 6s 8d; To the poor mens boxes of Holy Trinity and All Saints in Dorchester3s 4d; To Katherine my wife my burgage where I now dwell in Dorchester for her natural life (many household goods listed) to be held under the yearly rent of £10 to be paid unto my eldest son Thomas ADYN who inherits on her death; And whereas Sir Richard READ of London Knight by his deed indented bearing date 1st day of Feb 18th year of the reign og Elizabeth I (which ran from 17 Nov 1575 to 16 Nov 1756) which sold unto him Luke Adyn his heirs and assigns all that messuage or tenement with appurtenances now and then in the occupation of Alexander DYKE lying in the parish of Cattistock and all those closes of lands and meadows and pastures called or known by the name of Merifield and the same in the occupation of Thomas ROGERS situated in Holloway lying and being in the said parish of Cattistock i.e. 2 closes one called 'new close' the other 'little close' one in the tenure of Thomas ROGERS and the other close called by the name Parke close? now in the tenure of Roger WATSON one other close called hedgeborough now in the tenure of Walter OLDICHE and the messuage he built lying in the parish of Cattistock - etc etc long will - refers to his sons Robert Luke and John ADYN and John ADYN the Younger.---etc etc Will of Henry BEAKE of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 1 Mar 1576
Proved 28 Jan 1577 PROB 11/59 Will; To my parish church of St Peters 3s 4d; To Robert [BEAKE] my son my dwelling house ; If RB dies house to remain to my wife Alice; Also to son Robert BEAKE £100 when aged 21; To the poor people in the Alms House at dorchester £5 to be paid twenty shillings yearly; To Alice SAMWAYES my kinswoman £5 at day of her marriage or aged 24; To Mr WOODMAN Parson of Dorchester three shillings four pence; Unto John ROPER 40 shillings; Unto Oliver PURCHASE 40s; Unto Luke EAZE? 40s; Unto Elizabeth PERRY 20s; To Jane my servant 10s; Rest to my wifewhom I make sole executrix; Thomas GENGE, Roger BAYLIE, and John SPICER to be Overseers Wife to give bond £200 to Overseers to ensure will performed; Witnesses Thomas GENGE, Minister Roger BAYLIE John SPISER Will of Stephen BRENT or Brente of Dorchester, Dorset [Note Probably of St Peters Parish as he leaves most to that church] Dated 31 May 1580
Proved 31 Oct 1580 PROB 11/62 Will: My bodie to be buried if I happen to die in Dorchester by my father-in-law Xpoter [Christopher] HOLE & Dorothy his wife, if elsewhere discretion of ex; I give to the church of Saint Peters in Dorchester 6s 8d; To the church of Holy Trinity in Dorchester 3s 4d; To the church of All Hallows [All Saints] in Dorchester 3s 4d.; To every of my Godchildren to pray for me 3s 4d ; To my Servant at my death 1 years wages; To John COX my man if then do serve me £10? ; To brother Gyles my Signat [Ring] that I do wear; To brother John 20s in gold; To my mother if living £3? to buy her a gown; To my daughter Grace towards her preferments in marriage £100, the guilt cup my father-in-law did use to drink in & and half a dozen worth of silver? spoons to be paid her by my executors at day of marriage or aged 20; To my daughter Anne £100 + greater white silver cup that I do use to drink in and half a dozen spoons as before; And if my Farms at Haydon and Islingford do fall into the hands of my wife before they marry or reach age 20 he requests her to grant them each a further £100 as long as they obey her; An Whereas I have bought my son John a tenement at Bere Regis and unto Anne my daughter for their lives And whereas I have one other tenement in Horsey within the county of Somerset? unto my daughter Grace & my daughter Anne jointly for their lives (+ restrictions placed on Anne to gain 2nd £100) . To my wife the lease of my farm at Haydon for life and after her death to my son John Brent; To son JB my best great standing cup of silver guilt ; Rest to Margaret my wife and John my son who are also made executor/executrix custody education etc children and their legacies; Overseers my uncle William HYNDFORD Clerk, Thomas TURBERVILLE and George TYLLEN Esquires and my brother Gyles BRENT gent ; Will of Henry WHITTLE, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset 02 December 1580 PROB 11/62 Letter of Administration for the estate of John SELLER of Dorchester, Dorset 28 Apr 1581 OPC Dorset Admons PCC folio 10 Grantee Alice MILLER Alias SELLER Sister: Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London Letter of Administration for the estate of Thomas DOWNTON of Dorchester [Dorset] 7 Feb 1585/6 OPC PCC Admons Folio 165 Grantee Edith DOWNTON Relict Will of Rycharde [Richard] WYLLINS of Dorchester, Dorset 23 July 1586 PROB 11/69 Will of Thomas LYMSTER alias FOXWELL, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 19 October 1586 PROB 11/69 Will of Richard SALTER, Woollen Draper of Dorchester, Dorset 23 June 1587 PROB 11/70 Will of Joane UPHAM, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 24 October 1587 PROB 11/71 Will of Peter GOODFELLOWE of Dorchester All Saints, Dorset 31 January 1588 PROB 11/72 Will of Richarde CORBIN of Holy Trinity Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester :- Richard CORBIN was buried ye viijth [8th] of Ffebruary [1587/8]
Dated 21st Jan 1587:
Proved 11 May 1588
PROB 11/72 Richard CORBIN (d.1587/8) a baker by trade, son of John CORBIN (c1495-1566) baker by trade and Bailiff of Dorchester 1547/9. Follow link for transcription of his will Administration for the estate of Robert FORTE of Dorchester, Dorset 9th May 1589 PCC Folio 97 Grantee Joane FORTE Relict : Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London Nuncupative Will of William ROYEN [or Roeyn] of Dorchester the younger, Dorset Dated 10 July 1589
Proved 03 Oct 1589 PROB 11/74 Will: To be buried in the churchyard of St Peters in Dorchester near a great tomb there where he said his ancestors were buried. Refers to his wife Joane ADEINE being his executrix and his two daughters £20 each; Left all his lands and tenement in Dorchester to his wife for life then to remain unto Marie and Martha ADEINE his 2 daughters aforesaide; Residue to wife; Overseers his father William ADEYN of Dorchester and father-in-law Thomas PHELPS of Evell Will of Henry CARDROE, Mercer of Dorchester, Dorset {See 19th Feb 1594 below] 14 November 1592 PROB 11/83 Sentence of Henry CARDRO of Dorchester, Dorset {See 14th Nov 1594 above] 19 February 1594 PROB 11/83 Will of Nicholas LYMSTER alias FOXWELL [or Limster] of Dorchester, Dorset 01 March 1594 PROB 11/83 Will of Richard WEBB, Clerk of Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Dorchester 20th Sep 1594] Dated 24 Sep 1594
Proved 23 October 1594 PROB 11/84 Will: - Body to be buried in the churchyard at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester; To HT Church 2 shillings 5 pence; To the poor mens box there 12 pence; To the Clerk and Beadle eight pence; To the ringers sixteen pence; Rest bequeathed to John REYNELL alias COOKE of Dorchester taylor also made executorOverseers Mr John HOBSON; William LYMINGTON Sermon at his burial pay the preacher 3shillings 4 pence; The Overseers same each Witnesses John HOBSON; William LYMINGTON; Henry TURNEPENYE; Johane CROMEW and William KAISSELL Will of John ADYN [or ADIN or ADEYN or ADEINE], Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 22 Dec 1597
Proved 20 Jan 1598 PROB 11/91 See 'Sentence' 4 June 1603 below- Will:- I John ADYN the Younger of Dorchester in the county of Dorset Merchant Bequests:- Son Luke ADYN £200 at age 21; Son William ADYN £200 at age 21; Daughter Christian ADYN £200 at aged 21 or day of marriage ; Daughter Elizabeth ADYN £200 at age 21 or day of marriage; Rest to Joane ADYN my wife sole executrix Overseers John Williams Esq and Mathew CHUBB gent Witnesses Mathew CHUBB and Katherin ADYN Will of John ROPER of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 8 Feb 1597
Proved 09 March 1598 PROB 11/91 Will: To be buried in the church of St Peters in Dorchester in consideration granted 10s to the church; to each of the 10 poor people of the Alms house in Dorchester a black gown of 10s each to be worn at my burial; To other poor people of Dorchester 20s ; 10s to prisoners at gaol ; 4 yards of black cloth 13s 4p per yard to be a pulpit cloth for sermon at his funeral then given to friend Robert LOUTHER (Note became the vicar of Piddletrenthide 1601) asked to preach at his funeral; cousin John ROPER the elder of Blandford all his lands and tenements in Dorchester - and his son John ROPER £50 when 22; & his other son Robert ROPER £150 when 22; Bequest to Robert & Christopher ROPER son of John yearly rent of his house at Blandford ; To Anne ROPER dau of said John £30 when 21; Robert ROPER to be maintained and schooled for church; To cousin Robert ROPER brother of said John the elder of Blandford £10 at 22 or die to sister Alice ROPER who is also left £20 when 21; John POLLARD Godson the son of Wm Pollard 6s 8d; Richard BEAKES son my godson 3s 4d; Steven READ's son my godson 3s 4d; Sara HOFFORDE 2 agelletts ; Giles GREENE £5; Anne GREENE and Sara GREENE each of them an angellett ; to servant LETTICE 20s; Elizabeth PERRIES 20s; Richard BUSHRODE the hatter 10s; Mistress GREENE a gown cloth of £3; Mistress GREENE 1 chair; cousin Robert ROPER Clerke £10; Arthur WHIFFIN £10; John ROPER cousin the ehumfryelder of Blandford appointed executor who has to enter into a bond for £1,000 to Overseers to ensure terms of will carried out; Overseers Friends Matthew CHUBB; John GREEN William HORSFORD of Dorchester Will of Humfrye PIRRYE [or PIRRY or PERRY], Husbandman of Dorchester, Dorset Probate 19 May 1598 PROB 11/91 Undated Will Bequests:- Daughter Ann wife of Thomas SHORY 4 sheep; Son Humfry PIRRY sixteen sheep ; Sara SHORY 3 sheep ewes and 1 lamb ; John SHORY one Chylver HOGG ; Jonne SHORY one Chilver Hogg ; Anne SHORY one chylver Hogg ; Rest to wife Elizabeth PIRRY appointed executrix. Note:- His son John buried HT 23rd Apr 1586 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas COKER of Dorchester [Dorset] 01 Apr 1601 OPC PCC Admons Folio 79 Grantee Thomas COKER son Will of George FOYE, Sheereman of Dorchester, Dorset
Note:- Buried Holy Trinity Church Dorchester about April 1601 (parish register badly damaged) Dated 25 Apr 1601
Proved 28 May 1601 PROB 11/97 Will: My body to buried in the church or churchyard of Holy Trinity Dorchester unto which church 12d; To so John FFOYE £6 ; Son George FFOYE £5; Son Robert FFOYE £5 on day of marriage, all working tools; Daughter Joane FFOYE £12 4 months after marriage; Rest to wife Agnes FFOYE also made executrix; daughter Margerie impotent in body and mind to remain with his wife or if dead son Robert Overseers friends George SMITH and Mr John ADIN [ADYN] each 2s. Witness Richard EVERARD Clerke & Minister there; George Smith; Richard Samwayes Simon Petinns
Note:- [His widow Agnes also left a Will See 14 February 1611 below] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of William HYE of Dorchester [Dorset] 17 Oct 1601 OPC PCC Admons Folio 95 Grantee Anne HOLLEDAYE alias HYE daughter Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Walter SCOTT of Dorchester [Dorset] 13 Jun 1601 OPC PCC Admons Folio 86 Grantee Grace SCOTT daughter Will of William CHURCHILL, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 12 Mar 1599
Proved 18 Nov 1602 PROB 11/100 Link to transcription of the Will of William Churchill (1541-1602) and more information about the family Will of Thomas GALLTON [GALTON] of Dorchester, Dorset 22 April 1603 PROB 11/101 Sentence of John ADYN [or ADIN] of Dorchester, Dorset 04 June 1603 PROB 11/101 See will 20 Jan 1598 above Will of John DIGHTE [ or Dight], Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 12 November 1603 PROB 11/102 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas COKER Senior of Dorchester [Dorset] 09 Nov 1604 OPC PCC Admons Folio 225 Grantee William LEE & Margaret LEE alias COKER, relict of Thomas COKER junior, son of the deceased Will of William GOLSEY, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- See his will - Born at Winterbourne St Martin - buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester - Robert Cheek remained Master of the Free School in Dorchester until 1627 so would have taught his son William] Dated 15 Nov 1607.
Witnessed 16 Nov 1607.
Proved 08 Feb 1608 PROB 11/111 Will: My body I commit to the earth to be buried in St Peters Church in Dorchester near unto the seat where I sit ; To Church of St Peters 13s 4d; to the poor of the parish 20s to be distributed by the Overseers; Item I give to Anne COVON [or Coxon] my sisters daughter £10; To my son William my fee simple of my burgage I dwell to him and his heirs provided that Anne GOLSEY my wife shall have the use of it to dwell and remaining with him during his minority and afterwards as long as she live. And my meaning is that she likewise have use of all the household stuff during her life together with my said son William. And whereas I am indebted to the King Majesty for my accompt and do owe some other small sums to some other persons my will and meaning is that my said wife shall have all the specialties Bonds and obligations and all the residue of my goods to make satisfaction thereof which I would should be done for her better help by the advice and council from time to time of my loving cousin Angell SMYTH gentleman and my good friend Roger KEYTE gent who I do hereby desire as my faithful friends to perform for her with all expedition. Touching my leases of the Friary and elsewhere and touching the Friary Mills and elsewhere & my estates therein my will and meaning is that my said wife shall have the benefit thereof towards the discharge of my said debts And afterwards the debt being paid my will is that the same shall for the maintenance of herself and my said son provideed always that if my said wife do take the benefit of £40 by the year out of my estate which I have given bond to perform then my will is that the same shall remain to my son Williamhe performing therein the things as my wife oughtto do by the intentof this my will and not otherwise. And I do heartily desire my said wife to have a care of the bringing up of my son as my trust in her she will do. And I do entreat and desire the said Angell SMYTH and Roger KEATE to be Overseers of this my will and testament parying them as my loving friends to see due execution hereof. And I do hereby ordain my said wife executrix of this my last will and testament. By me William GOLSEY. And I further set down as my last will and testament that whereas heretofore Robert NAPPER Knight bought of me the reversion of two copyhold tenements in Clinger within the parish of Buckland and the same doth hold for a term of my life and the widows estateof such wife as I shall have at the time of my decease I do hereby make it known that the said Robert NAPPER shall quietly hold and enjoy the same withoutany loss of me or my now wife. And she doth faithfully promise too do and act or thing that shall better or strengthen the estate of the said Robert NAPPER of and in the same. And whereas I have heretofore received the sum of £20 of John GOOLDE of Frome Quinton for his son now my servant to be with me yet I am well pleased and my will is in regard of the [rest] of his abode with me that he shall receive the said £20 again to be paid him after my debts satisfied. Also I give the church of Winterbourne St Martin where I was born 10 shillings. And having considered the young and tender years of my said son and that there will need a great care to be had of him to bring him up in learning and fear of God I do therefore heartilie desire my good and loving friend Mr CHEEKE the Schoolmaster of Dorchester to have a care of his education and bringing up together with my wife. And for his labour and pains therein I do give the said Mr CHEEK the sum of £5 which I desire my wife to see is satisfied in conveinient time. By me William Golsey. Witnessed 17th Nov 1607 by Robert NAPPER, Nathaniel NAPPER, Richard HENNING, William TALBOT, Robert CHEEKE, Charles COSTLING, John GOULD, etc etc Will of William READE, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 28 July 1608] Dated 13 May 1608
Proved 30 Sep 1608 PROB 11/112 Will bequest to poor of Trinity in Dorchester 3s 4d; To Nathaniel READE my eldest son my two burgages on the east part of the street called Colliton Row between the lands of John BLANGER on the north and a certain lane called Pease Lane on the South and do adjoin unto one other burgage [owned] by me William READE : William READE my 2nd son my other burgage adjoining the other two; To Anne READ my daughter £20 + various items; to daughter Elizabeth READE £20 + items ; to daughter Thomasine to wife of John SPICER 40s ; To Thomas and Walter SPICER sons of John SPICER and Thomasine 20s; Rest split between Nath and Wm his sons who are made executors John SPICER and John MIDDLETON Overseers
[Note:- Thomazine READE married John SPICER at HT Church in Dorchester on 13 Oct 1600] Will of George SMYTH [SMITH], Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 06 Jan 1608/9 see also Elizabeth SMITHE Widow will Dated 3rd Nov 1610 Proved 19 Jan 1611 bekow] Dated 30 Dec 1608
Proved 01 June 1609 PROB 11/114 To be buried at St Peters? To the poor £3 ; To Elizabeth my wife all goods and chattels real and personal estate, appointed sole executrix; Maximillian Moone Esq and Brewen Williams Gent to be Overseers Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Edward BOCKE of Dorchester [Dorset] 09 Jan 1609/10 OPC PCC Admons Folio 183 Grantee Margaret BOCKE relict Will of Thomas TOOMES alias Tanner of Dorchester Saint Peter, Dorset 03 February 1610 PROB 11/115 Will of Ralph PALMER, Vintner of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried Holy Trinity Dorchester 04 Jan 1609/10.] Will dated 17 Feb 1607/8: Proved London 26 May 1610 PROB 11/115 + image ancestry.com Will: dated 17th Feb 1607 of Ralph PALMER of Dorchester a Vintner: To be buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester; House other outrooms and household stuff within to remain in possession of wife Johan [i.e. abbreviated form of Johanna meaning Joan or Jane he later refers to her as Joane ] for life Joan also executrix. Bequest to William Palmer 2nd son left 7 beds with furnishings in various rooms adjoining the Lane called Pease Lane next to the brewhouse & all brewing vessels; rest to son Thomas Palmer my eldest son or Elinor his wife refers to indenture dated 20th March 45th year reign Elizabeth 1st [1602] between Ralph Palmer & John Jones yeoman of Owermoigne deceased and Angell Smith of Stratton gent. Bequest £50 to son Henry Palmer to daughter Agnes the wife of John COMFRY £10. Friends Angel Smith and Christopher May Overseers. Witnessed by john Scott; Thomas Palmer, the sign of Christopher Way, William Palmer, Henry Beydon. Probate granted at London before John Bennett Doctor of Law Administration granted to Joane Palmer upon oath to duly administer his estate the 26th day of May in the year 1610 [Note:- Ralph Palmer was Bailiff of Dorchester in 1589. See his fathers will (John PALMER) above dated 2nd Mar 1572 who was buried at HT 23rd Apr 1573 also comments regarding his mother and siblings. His daughter Agnes married John Comfrey at Holy trinity Church on 08-Apr 1607 see their marriage for a list of their children] Will of Henrie EDWARDES, Yeoman of Holy Trinity Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- Buried at HT Church 17th Aug 1610 - Brief mention in Fire from Heaven page 67 Henry EDWARDES left a widow Julian who remarried to his friend Joseph Parkins 7th Nov 1610. Also see memorials HT entry 29] Dated 8 Aug 1610
Proved 13 Nov 1610 PROB 11/116
Note:- WILL: To be buried in HT Church to which he gives 20 shillings for maintenance; + 20 shillings to the poor to be distributed at the day of his funeral; bequest to kinsman Ralph PERINE a house situated on north side of Pease Lane between the land belonging to the said church HT on the east side and and a burgage of Joane EDWARDS my sister on the west side subject to Ralph PERIN giving to the poor of the parish 40 shillings annually. Bequest to Marie EDWARDS daughter of Margaret EDWARDS my sister a house on the south side of Pease Lane between the lands of me Henry on the west and south sides and the land of Joane RICHARDSON widow my sister on the east side and for default of issue to Ralph PERIN provided his wife Julian paid 26s 8d yearly for life. To Julian my wife my dwelling in Dorchester where I reside and all other my messuages, lands tenements houses buildings edifices backsides gardens and grounds in Dorchester in my possession or occupation of William SPEERING situate don west side of HT between high west street on the south side and pease lane on the north - after her death to kinsman John PARKINS of Dorchester Merchant; To Elizabeth PERIN daughter of William PERIN deceased £6; To Joane RICHAR[D]SON the younger £5; To Alice the wife of Robert OSBORN 40s; To John son of William PERIN 20s; To each of the children of John PARKINS 20s; To the children of Simon HASELBERIE 20s; To Joseph PARKINS 40s; To each of my godchildren 5s; All goods etc to Julian my wife also made execurtix; Overseers Simon HASELBERIE and William SPEERING
A Henry the sonne of John EDWARDES buyed the xxiijth [23rd] day of May [1608] at Holy Trinity? See also memorials HT
Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Walter MOGG [MEGG] of Dorchester [Dorset] 10 Dec 1610 OPC PCC Admons Folio 223 Grantee Alice MOGG [MEGG] Relict Will of Symon [Simon] CHURCHOWSE [or CHURCHOUSE]Tailor of Dorchester, Dorset 10 January 1611 PROB 11/117 Will of Elizabeth SMITHE or Smith, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset [Note Elizabeth daughter of John Churchill (1512-1557) and Widow of George SMYTH See his will dated 30 Dec 1608 Proved 01 June 1609 above ] Dated 3rd Nov 1610
Proved 19 Jan 1611 PROB 11/117 To be buried at St Peters Dorchester where mother buried ; To St P 3s; To HT 6s; To All Saints 6s; To the poor of the alms house 12pence each; To poor HT & St P 20s each; To Poor All Saints 6s 8d; To God daughter Elizabethh Watts best gown, best kirtle, To Elizabeth Hunton my god daughter 2nd best gown ;To my maid servant Elizabeth Samwayes 40s; To Susan Williams dau of Brewen Williams Esq £150 to be delivered within a year to Edmund Dashwood of Dorchester against security to pay her at marriage with income £8 pa maintenance; If she dies £150 to her mother Elizabeth Williams wife of Bruen Williams -- long list of personal bequests --- Bequest to Cousin Anne Churchill one of the daughters of John CHURCHILL esq 40s to buy her a ring; Rest to Marie MOONE [MOHUN] dau of Maximillian also made executrix Will of Agnes FOY [or FOY], Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 14 February 1611 PROB 11/117 Buried Holy Trinity Dorchester :- Agnes FFOY widow was buryed the xxijth [22nd] of November 1610 [Note:- George FOY married Agnes HAMOND at HT on 01-Oct 1574 and had 4 children baptised in HT: George FOY was buried at HT in 1601 & also left a Will] Will of Thomas FORDE, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 20 Jan 1610
Proved 08 May 1611 PROB 11/117 See transcription of Will dated 20th January 1610 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Robert STONE of Dorchester [Dorset] 13 July 1611 OPC PCC Admons Folio 26 Grantee Edith STONE Relict Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of James GOULDE of Dorchester [Dorset] 08 June 1613 OPC PCC Admons Folio 124 Grantee Joan GOULDE relict Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Robert AVYNE of Dorchester [Dorset] 28 Aug 1613 OPC PCC Admons Folio114 Grantee Elizabeth AVYNE relict Will of Thomas DAVIDGE, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 23 February 1614 PROB 11/123 See Transcription of his Will dated 9th December 1613 Will of Joseph EYRES, Woollen Draper of Dorchester, Dorset Proved 23 Nov 1614 PROB 11/124 Undated Will:- About the age of 40 years ; To be buried on the South side of the parish church of St Peters ; Margaret EYRES wife the bedstead with rugs, blankets, sheets, bolsters, pillows and pillowties, curtains, vallance with all other things thereto belonging; To son Edward my ring; son Joseph £50 at 25; Son William £50 at age 25; Daughter Alice 5 silver spoons ; St peters church 5s 8d; poor of parish 20s; Rest to Margaret EYRES his wife and Edward EYRES his son executors;Overseers Brother-in-Law Lawrence MILLER and Edward LAWRENCE my son-in-law each 20s Signed Joseph EAYRES Witnesses Edward LAWRENCE; William STEVENS; Richard SAVAGE< Will of John GREENE, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 07 February 1615 PROB 11/125 See Transcription of his Will dated 10th September 1613 Will of James YOKENEY, Tailor of Dorchester, Dorset 13 May 1616 PROB 11/127 Will of Thomas TOLDERVIE, Chandler of Dorchester, Dorset 26 October 1616 PROB 11/128 Note:- Surname can be spelt Toldervy or Toldervey. A Thomas Toldervy Tallow Chandler is mentioned in the Will of Richard Bury [1584-1661] Mayor of Dorchester in 1640 who might be a descandant? Will of Jerome HARRIS (Tailor?) of Holy Trinity Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 02 Jan 1616/17] Dated 26 Dec 1616
08 February 1617 PROB 11/129 Will: To be decently buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity also bequeathed 3s 4d + poor of parish 3s 4d; Wife Christian Executrix main beneficiary to have and hold dwelling house in Dorchester where he now lives with all other houses barns stables backsides and gardens hereunto belonging for her life; + 2 acres of meadow ground lying in west ward THEN to son Joseph; Asks fore his Landlord Sir John BROWNE of Frampton Knight to grant a lease sufficient for their lives; Son Jerome all his wearing apparel and cloaks (except best cloak) + £20 ; Son Joseph best cloak + £10; Jane? his daughter now the wife of Thomas DOWRIDGE a pair of sheets + £10; Johane daughter feather bedstead in chamber over the hall; 1 pottinger and best candle stick + 40 Marks in money; Witnesses Roberrt CHEEKE; Richard BUSHROD; Benjamin DERBY and Edward JOHNSON
[Note:- His widow Christian HARRIS remarried to John ADIN at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 14-Apr 1619] Letter of Administration for the estate of John HARDEY of Dorchester, Dorset 09 May 1617 Notes and Queries for Somerset and Dorset, 1888-1899, 1905-1906 Folio 114 Beneficiaries John, Nephew; during minority of John, Charles, Jane, Catherine and Giles children of deceased (Fresh letters granted 1621) Will of Raphe SMITHE or Smythe of Dorchester, Dorset 26 May 1617 PROB 11/129 Will of Mathew CHUBB, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- See also the will of his widow Margaret CHUBB proved 14th May 1628] Dated 21st Jun 1617
Proved 15 July 1617 PROB 11/130 - 74 Weldon Mathew Chubb the elder became a goldsmith and the richest man in Dorchester - see Fire from Heaven - his father John CHUBB from Misterton near Crewkerne married a Dorchester woman and around 1548, soon after Mathew juniors birth they moved to the town. Mathew Chubb married Margaret who died 1628 see below.
WILL: 5 shillings to church buried in; 5s to each church Holy Trinity; St Peters and All Saints : Bequest to wife Margaret all goods chattles real and personal effects + sole executrix; Bequests:: to kinsman Thomas BUCKLER £100; to kinsman William BUCKLER £50; Samuel YOUNG now dwelling in house with me £50; Joyce HARVEY kinswoman now living in my house £50; Elizabeth JAMES now living in my house £10; to cozen Henry HAGGARD £50; Mathew LEENOWE living in my house £50; Alexander CHUBB now living in my house £10; Roger POMFEY of Dorchester £5; Whereas there is due to me from the King the sum of £1,000 which was used to rebuild Dorchester after the fire - £500 to go to bailiffs and burgeses of Dorchester ; Bequest to Almshouses at Shaston £130: Bequest to Almshouses Crewkerne Somerset £100; Bequest poor of the Almshouses in Dorchester black cloaks ;Overseers friends Humphrey Bishop Richard Blatchford, Humphrey Joliffe gent and Elliott Johnson ; after the death of his wife bequeath unto my brothers son Matthew CHUBB now living in my house the Rectory and -------with his appurtenances which lately bought and purchased if Sir ???? Raleigh Knight ; bequest to wife of house within which i dwell for term of 30 years if she live so long after me Mathew CHIBB Will of Nicholas MARTEN, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 11 June 1619 PROB 11/133 Will of Lawrence STAFFORD of Dorchester, Dorset 18 October 1619 PROB 11/134 [Note:- Might be Lawrence Stratford goldsmith (charter 708) who was bailiff of Dorchester 1582 & constable 1593]. Letter of Administration for the estate of Simon GORTLEY of Dorchester [Dorset] 31 Oct 1619 Notes and Queries for Somerset and Dorset, 1888-1899, 1905-1906 - Folio 41 - probate to John GORTLEY brother Will of Nicholas Purches, [i.e. PURCHASE] Baker of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Link to Full transcription of His Nuncupative Will] as abbreviated opposite -
Nicholas Purchase was buried at Holy Trinity church Dorchester on 15 Mar 1619/20 Dated 12 March 1619/20
Proved 27 May 1620 PROB 11/135 FFH Page 140 " Old Nicholas Purchase who died in 1620, was a baker who was branching out into the brewing trade ----etc refers to his sons Joseph and Aquilla Purchase who was Master of Trinity School and emigrated to New England.
PCC Will:- Nicholas PURCHASE of Dorchester, baker (Nuncupative will dated 12 March 1619/20) To be buried near my wife; bequests to church and poor of Trinity; Executor Joseph PURCHASE son ld in Fordington Field held by lease of Sir George Trenchard Kt; daughter Elizabeth CORBIN wife of Henry CORBIN; Easter garden plot behind malt house ; daughter Jane wife of William WINSOR and her children; Nicholas son son of said William WINSOR (und 21) ; Jane PERRYN dau of my dau Margaret wife of Raphe PERRYN; Thomas WINSOR and Joan his wife, her son John PURCHES; St Peters Church; Dorchester School and almswomen there; Overseers Raphe Kellwaye of Torson and Thomas Reade of Dorchester Witnesses Humphrey Jolyffe and Thomas READ probate 27th May 1620 Will of Hughe HORSFORLD or Horsford, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset 09 March 1621 PROB 11/137 Note:- Brother of William HORSFORDE Alderman and capital Burgess of Dorchester whose will was proved 25 Jan 1622/3 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John CHURCHILL of Dorchester [Dorset] 08 Jun 1621 OPC PCC Admons Folio 126 Grantee Elizanore CHURCHILL relict [Note:-John CHURCHILL (1568-1621) of Muston in Piddlehinton See wife Elinor's will below 1641] Will of Richard BARKER, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset (1542-1621) Dated 7 Aug 1621
Proved 06 Nov 1621 PROB 11/138 Will :- Link to transcription of his Will
[Note:- Constable of Dorchester See FFH pages 23,28,36: See page 39 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 29 Aug 1621; Alderman of Dorchester; See also 24 May 1623 below] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John HARDY of Dorchester [Dorset] 27 Nov 1621 OPC PCC Admons Folio 148 Grantee John HARDY, gentleman of Trinity College, Oxford, son (former grant May 1617) Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Mary SPERINGE alias WYATT of Dorchester [Dorset] 10 July 1622 OPC PCC Admons Folio 187 Grantee William SPERINGE husband [Note:- See comments against Memorial plaque No. 99 in St Peters Church] Will of William HORSFORDE, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 25 January 1622/3 PROB 11/141 See page 39 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 16th Aug 1621 & Transcription of his Will dated 30th June 1621. Note his brother Hugh pre deceased him his will being proved above 9th March 1621. Will of Oliver HAYNE, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 04 February 1623 PROB 11/141 Link to transcription of his Will and more information about his family. See page 49 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 13 Dec 1622: Also See St Peters Burials File for image of memorial plaque and Pedigree in Visitatiion of Dorset 1623 page 54: Husband of Cicely the daughter of William ADYN of Dorchester and father of Morgan Hayne Letter of Administration for the estate of Nicholas TUBBE, of Dorchester, Dorset granted to Anne TUBBE widow, relict and administratrix of the deceased also bound with her Andrew DUCH carpenter of Corfe Castle. Witnesses Gervase RUSSELL & Thomas BARNES [Note:- Rev. Gervase RUSSELL MA. was appointed vicar of Worth Matravers 29 June 1636 but appears to have lived prior to that at Corfe Castle where he witnessed wills eg Anthony Daccombe of CC will 12 Mar 1620 and was overseer of the will of John Dolling of CC dated 15 Sep 1631. He died at WM 1st mar 1636/7] 29 Feb 1623 DHC Cc/I event record 96 Image Ancestry.com Note:- Ancestry incorrectly have this recorded under Nicholas COBBE. The Letter of Administration starts with - Noverint universi y' p'sents nos [Know all men by these presents that I] Anna TUBBE de [of] Dorsechister [Dorchester] in Cond Dorst [in the county of Dorset] vidua [widow] et [and] Andream [Andreas or Andrew] DUCH de [of] Corffe Castell prut Carpenter ------. This is quite important as most records this far back have not survived. Also later records also show the TUBB family in Dorchester eg the burial of a Nicholas TUBB at Fordington on 21st Jan 1678/9 Will of Edmond BENVENEWE, Hellyer of Dorchester, Dorset 03 April 1623 PROB 11/141 See page 50 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 burnt during fire 30 Jan 1622/23 died 1st Feb 1622/23. Sentence of Richard BARKER of Dorchester, Dorset 24 May 1623 PROB 11/141 See Will 6 Nov 1621 above Will of Toby SANDFORD, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 01 November 1623 PROB 11/142 See page 53 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 21 Aug 1623 Physician & Transcription of his will dated 19 May 1621 (Proved 1st Nov 1623) Will of Richarde CUFFE, Vintner of Dorchester, Dorset 25 June 1625 PROB 11/146 Note:- had children bap Holy Trinity Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Michael HUMPHREY of Dorchester 24 Apr 1626 OPC PCC Admons Folio 71 Grantee John HUMPHREY Son Will of Alice WILSTON, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 17 June 1626 PROB 11/149 Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 3rd April 1626 Will of Robert BLANDFORD, Clothier of Dorchester, Dorset 26 June 1626 PROB 11/149 Note page 77 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 19 Nov 1625 "died Robert BLANDFORD servant to Mr GARDNER, having been bitten by a mad dog 6 weeks before". Will of Francis BROWNE, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 12 October 1627 PROB 11/152 Buried Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 11 May 1627 Will of Margarett CHUBB or Chub, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset
[See transcription of her Will dated 18 April 1625] Dated 18 Apr 1625
Probate 14 May 1628 PROB 11/153 Note page 94 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 18th Jan 1627/28 "Mrs CHUBB died and gave all her lands and goods to Mr COKER the Goldsmith, and to a little boy of his called Matthew CHUB, upon condition that he should marry with Joane, second daughter to Mr COKER". See Will of her husband Mathew CHUBB dated 21st June and proved 15th July 1617 above. Will of Richard BUSHROD, Haberdasher of Dorchester, Dorset 03 January 1629 PROB 11/155 Richard BUSHROD [1575 –1628] Merchant Adventurer of Dorchester includes transcription of his Will Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas SPARROWE of Dorchester [Dorset] 09 May 1629 OPC PCC Admons Folio 92 Grantee Cassandra KNAPTON alias SPARROWE, wife of Renaldo KNAPTON Gentleman, daughter Will of John GOULD or Gold, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 10 Nov by sons John & James) 10 November 1630 PROB 11/158 Note page 111 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 13 Jun 1630 "This day my unkle Mr John GOULD died, and in his place of the 15 (i.e. Capital Burgesses) was chosen upon ye 4th October Mr William PERKINS and for a Feoffee of Trinity his son James:" This is John GOULD the elder when donated £60 towards the cost of the Hospital in 1616. Letter of Administration for the estate of James GOULD of Dorchester [Dorset] & Will of Joane GOULD, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 22 December 1630 PROB 11/158 (Year Book Abstracts = proved 22 Dec by Gilbert LODER Gen executor of the will of Jane GOULD relict of the deceased who did not fully administer (former grant June 1613) Note page 113 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 9 Dec 1630 " Mrs Joane GOULD Widow 9 December." Also mentioned by Hutchins as a benefactor who left money for the maintenance of Chubb's almshouses (page 370) and donated £66. 13. 4d towards the cost of the Hospital in 1616. Will of William PERKINS, Merchant of Holy Trinity Parish in Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved of the parish of Holy Trinity Dorchester by his father John PERKINS) 02 July 1631 PROB 11/160 Note page 115 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 7th Feb 1630/31 "This day Mr William PERKINS my brother [i.e. brother in law] died , and Mr John LONG succeeded him in the place of Capital Burgess : his wife was delivered of a daughter called Mary the 24th of the same month". Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 25 Feb 1630/1 Sentence of Joan GOULD or Goulde, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 02 July 1631 PROB 11/160 See possible will 22 Dec 1630 above Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John ADYN of Dorchester [Dorset] 04 Aug 1632 OPC PCC Admons Folio 120 Grantee Margaret CHEEKE widow, daughter - with consent of Christopher ADYN relict Will of Thomas DOWRIDG or DOWRIDGE, Needle Maker of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 14 Feb by Joseph PATIE Joseph PURCHASE & William PATIE) 14 February 1633 PROB 11/163 Year Book Abstracts use surname DOWRREG Will of George GOULD, Clothier of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 18 Apr by relict Joan) 18 April 1633 PROB 11/163 (30 Russell) Note pages 129 & 177 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 15 March 1632/33 "George GOULD 15 ditto [ March 1632/3]. Clothier of Dorchester. Governor of the Hospital in 1627" Will of Robert GIRDLER, Book Binder of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 11 July by relict Anne) 11 July 1633 PROB 11/164 (65 Russell) Will of Andrew SPRATLING, Feltmaker of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 16 May by relict Jane) 16 May 1634 PROB 11/165 (37 Seager) Note page 142 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 entry for 23 february 1633/34 'Andrew SPRATLIN died 23 February 1633/4] Will of John COOTH, Clothier of Dorchester, Dorset (Year Book Abstracts = proved 16 May by relict Margery) 16 May 1634 PROB 11/165 (40 Seager) Note page 136 William WHITEWAY of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 ' Mr John COOTH died 12 October 1633] Will of William WHITEWAY, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 07 September 1635 PROB 11/169 Note:- see transcription of will of William WHITEWAY (1599-1635) Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Oneshiphorus BOND of Dorchester [Dorset] 02 Feb 1635/6 OPC PCC Admons Folio 151 Grantee Dionese BOND relict Will of Sir Frauncis ASHLEY, Serjeant at Law to the King 19 May 1636 PROB 11/171 Note: See Separate Biography on this site.Sir Francis ASHLEY (1569-1635) Also mentioned by Hutchins as a benefactor who left money for the maintenance of Chubb's almshouses (page370) Buried at St Peters in a Vault Will of Nicholas VAWTER, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 20 May 1637 PROB 11/174 Will of Honer ROCKWELL, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 26 January 1638 PROB 11/176 Will of Mary TERRY, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 12 February 1638 PROB 11/176 Mary TERRY Widow & sister of Rev.John White: Buried (Source Rose Troup) 17th Oct 1637 Holy Trinity. Will of George CLARKE, Husbandman of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 3 Nov 1637
Proved 26 April 1638 PROB 11/176 Will 36 Lee Will: Bequests to: Church of HT Dorchester 5 shillings; Poor of HT 5s 6d; To Joane, Ruth, Margaret, Elizabeth and Mary daughters of my son William CLARKE deceased to each of them 12pence each in money; To Ruth my goddaughter my chest with a frame; To son Richard Clarke12 pence; and unto his children George William Peter and Elizabeth sons and daughter £40 divided equally;To Tomasin daughter of my now wife Mary my great brass croke and six? pewter platters and to Sara her daughter of my now wife Mary two other pewter plattersand to Elizabeth daughter of son Richard great brass panTo Mary my now wife tenement and garden now in my possession and also in the possession of Robert Devenish within parish HT with lease plus six pounds 13 shillings and 4 pence and I do give William SPERINGE Gentleman and Andrew DEWDNEY whom I make executors witnesses Thomas Spicer and Robert Deny Will of Thomas TRAYTE, Clothier of Dorchester, Dorset 08 May 1638 PROB 11/177 FFH page 208 refers to " Jane TRAYTE widow of a prosperous clothier lent £80 in September 1644 --" who may have been his wife - necessary to order Will to confirm. Will of Joseph PURCHAS [or PURCHASE], Baker of Dorchester, Dorset 03 November 1638 PROB 11/178 Eldest son of Nicholas Purchase who died 1620 (see 27 May 1620 above) and married at HT on 9th Nov 1618 to Elizabeth HASELBURY - Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 9th October 1638 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas HYATT of Dorchester [Dorset] 15 Oct 1639 OPC PCC Admons Folio 76 Grantee Joane HYATT relict Will of John CHURCHELL [i.e. CHURCHILL], Senior of the parish of Holy Trinity in Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:- Buried Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 10th June 1639. Also:- See his marriage at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 19-Jun 1622 to Joane EDWARDS for more information about this family] Dated 17 May 1639
Proved 12 Feb 1639/40 PROB 11/182 Will: "and my bodie to be buryed in ye holy Trinity in Dorchester unto which church I give 10s"; To the poor of HT 20s; To the poor of All Saints in Dorchester 20s; To Bathsheber MOUR of Bradford Peverell 5s; To Isabell EYLES of Bradford Peverell 5s; To Robert Benfield my shepherd £3; To Temperance the wife of James BELRINGER 20s and forgive her 20s she owe me; To M??? GREENE 20s; To John WEECH son of Alce WEECH widow in Fordington £5; To Benjamin WEECH son of Alce £5; To Benjamin DEVINISH son of Benjamin DEVENISH of Dorchester £5; To Ruth the wife of Nicholas COVETT £5 and my silver bole [i.e. bowl] To Elizabeth DEVENISH daughter of Benjamin DEVENISH Senior £5 and six silver spoons; To Lawrence DEVENISH son of Benjamin DEVENISH £20 and 6s; To Anne daughter of Edward CHURCHILL £40; to Alce [Alice] daughter of Edwards Churchill £40 in default to Edward CHURCHILL my Nephew; All the rents, profits and use of my tenement in All Saints in Dorchester known by the name 'The Angle' now in the occupation of Mary BOYES widow ; I bequeath the fee simple & inheritance (& six silver spoons) unto John CHURCHILL son of Nephew Edward CHURCHILL; REST to Nephew Edward CHURCHILL also made executor Will of William WHITEWAY, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 06 May 1640 PROB 11/183 Note:- The father of William Whiteway (1599-1635) the diarist (see 7 Sep 1635 above) and a Merchant of Dorchester Inventory & Will of Virtue HUNTON widow of Dorchester 1640 P2/H/546 Parish Registers have not survived Will of Allane TRIGG or TRIGGE, Bachelor of Dorchester, Dorset 08 February 1641 PROB 11/185 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John HARDY of Beaminster[Dorset] 05 July 1641 OPC PCC Admons Folio 54 Grantee Richard CHURCHILL woollen draper of Dorchester Dorset creditor [Note:- Link to Richard CHURCHILL (d.1672) ] Will of Elinor CHURCHILL, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 16 April 1641
Proved 10 July 1641 PROB 11/186 See 1677 Visitation of Dorset Elinor daughter of Sir John Miller of Little Bredy (Winterbourne Came) wife of John Churchill of Muston in Piddlehinton Esq who matriculated at Harts Hall Oxford 1587 adm MT 1589. See Visitation 6 sons 4 daughters.
[Note:- Widow of John Churhill (1568-1621) of Muston Piddlehinton follow link for transcription of her will] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Hugh PHILLIP of Dorchester [Dorset] 16 July 1641 OPC PCC Admons Folio 52 Grantee Thomas STOCK of Lombard Street London Creditor Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Matthew COKER of Dorchester [Dorset] 24 Aug 1641 OPC PCC Admons Folio 59 Grantee Robert COKER, brother, during the minority of Martha, Mary, Joan and [blank] COKER, daughters of the deceased Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Joseph UNDERWOOD of Dorchester [Dorset] 09 Oct 1641 OPC PCC Admons Folio 73 Grantee Edward UNDERWOOD, citizen & grocer of St Stephens Walbrook London kinsman & creditor with the consent of Joseph UNDERWOOD son Will of John COKE, Mercer of Dorchester, Dorset 26 October 1641 PROB 11/187 Will of George WAY, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 03 December 1641 PROB 11/187 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Peter GAYLORD of Dorchester [Dorset] 21 June 1642 OPC PCC Admons Folio 141 Grantee Emme GAYLORD relict Will of Stephen GOULD, Woollen Draper of Dorchester, Dorset 15 July 1642 PROB 11/190 + DHC Ref D/FFO/37/7 A copy will of Stephen Gould of Dorchester, dated 1641 and proved, 1642 is held with other deeds at DHC Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Nathaniel BERRY of Dorchester [Dorset] 20 Jan 1644/5 OPC PCC Admons Grantee Ann BERRY Relict Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John SEAWARD of Dorchester [Dorset] 09 Apr 1645 OPC PCC Admons Folio 41 Grantee Frances SEAWARD mother Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Samuel HUETT of Dorchester [Dorset] 29 Apr 1645 OPC PCC Admons Folio 40 Grantee Ann HUETT relict Will of John ALLAMBRIDGE, Clothier of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 31st Oct 1644
Probate 13 June 1645 PROB 11/193 WILL: 40s to poor of each 3 parishes in Dorchester; £20 to good causes out of which 40s to Mr Gundry; 40s to Mt John Fflower Usher of the school in Dorchester; to my 2 brothers John Chaffy and Richard Chaffy £10 each; to wife Jane and conveinient house room during her widowhood in my dwelling house in Dorchester (parts of house specified) in common with son John + she retains all household stuff she brought to the marriage & son John to inherit dwelling £200 and rest of his household stuff; ; next to and adjoining the Tavern called the George + dwelling in occupation of Isaac Denning ; Give to rest of my children Mary; Sarah; Hannah; Josias; Elizabeth and Samuel £150 each; To 3 grandchildren Elizabeth Scoville; John Scoville and Joseph Scoville £10each; To 1st child which my daughter Martha shall have by her now husband £10: Executors Henry Hartnell Clerk; John BUSHROD Clothier; John Whiteway gent and George Cole merchant
Clothier, Capital Burgess and Mayor of Dorchester in 1642, See FFH pages 44, 202,204,205,208: (Abstracts of PCC probates year books edited by John Matthew & George F Matthews BA pub 1906 states probate by John BUSHROD; John WHITEWAY & George COLE Pr Henry HARTWELL Clerk. Will of John SEWARD, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 20 November 1645 PROB 11/194 (Abstracts of PCC probates year books edited by John Matthew & George F Matthews BA pub 1906 states probate by daughter Ruth COVETT) Will of Beniamin DEVENISH, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset 26 June 1646 PROB 11/196 Benjamin DEVENISH [1574 –1643] Tailor & Master of the Dorchester Brewhouse (Abstracts of PCC probates year books edited by John Matthew & George F Matthews BA pub 1906 states probate by Relict Frances) Will of George LEDDOZE, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 10 February 1647/8 PROB 11/203 Will of Samuel BUSHROD, Clothier of [Dorchester in], Dorset
[Note:-Samuel BUSHROD was the son of Richard BUSHROD 1576-1628 Habadasher & Merchant Adventurer of Dorchester and was buried at Holy Trinity Church in Dorchester on 31st July 1646 Dated 13 Apr 1646
Buried 31 July 1646
Proved 01 June 1647 admin granted to Martha Bushrod relict PROB 11/200 Bequests:- Unto Rev John White the elder £3; Rev William Ben £5; Mr Hugh Thomson £10; Mr Peter Juce £10; Mr Gundrey Clerk £10; Mr John Barnard £10; Frederick Hoppe £3; Mr John FForward £10; My daughter Martha £200 for her education & maintenance & paid at 21 or marriage, if she die 1st £100 to wife Martha £20 to children of brother John Bushrod; £5 to sister Mary Allambridge; £10 to cosin Mary Whitfield; rest to children of his sister Marshall - My will is that 2 months after decease wife to be bound to his overseers in the sum of £400 to pay legacies to daughter - to 3 children of Cosen John Gilbert 20 shillings each; 5 children of my cosen Henry Bushrod 20 shillings each; To Anne Squibb 20 shillings; To poor of Trinity Parish Dorchester £10; To Poor of St Peters Parish £20 To poor of All Saints Parish £20; To brother John Bushrod to be recorded at his cost and charges all that debt owing to me by Thomas Whitli merchant and also the moietie [from?] Mr John Allambridge deceased given to him by his will; To brother Thomas Bushrod half of other debts owing to him To brother Richard Bushrod the other half of the debt ; To brother Marshalls children debts owing by Joseph Cole & Nathaniel White Merchant with £20 of this debt to Cosen Mary Whitfield; To 3 cosens John, Elizabeth and Joseph Scoville the debt owing to him from John Stansby Mariner the master of the barque called the George of Weymouth whereof Mr George Churchey was owner : Rest to wife Martha sole executrix Overseers Kinsman John Bushrod ; friend George Cole merchant and brother Scovile Witnesses Richard Scovile Richard Rapson of Dorchester Clotheir the mark of Mary Cole of Dorchester spinster Will of John WHITE, Preacher of Dorchester, Dorset 14 June 1649 PROB 11/211 Rev John WHITE (1575-1648) Patriarch of Dorchester & Rector of Holy Trinity: See his will transcription at Rev John WHITE Patriarch of Dorchester 1648 Letter of Administration for the estate of Joseph UNDERWOOD of Dorchester Dorset 21 Dec 1649 OPC Dorset Admons PCC Folio 170 Grantee George LADMORE, nephew on sisters side, Edward UNDERWOOD not having fully administered (previous grant Oct 1641)Former Grant Oct 1641: Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London. Also see 2nd entry under 1650 below . [Note:- Link to an account of the life of Joseph UNDERWOOD (1586-1641) grocer of Dorchester] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Joseph UNDERWOOD of Dorchester [Dorset] 14 Mar 1649/50 OPC PCC Admons Folio 43 Grantee Robert COREY, principal creditor, Edward UNDERWOOD Kinsman not administering Administration for the estate of Joseph UNDERWOOD of Dorchester Dorset 1650 PCC Folio 43 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London [Note:- Link to an account of the life of Joseph UNDERWOOD (1586-1641) grocer of Dorchester] See 1st entry under 1649 above. Will of Christofer [Christopher] READ alias EDMONDS [or Reade] of Dorchester, Dorset 15 February 1650 PROB 11/211 Will of Joseph PARKINS [or PERKINS], Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 11 June 1650 PROB 11/212 See Will of his widow Julian proved 2 Feb 1658 Will of Margarett RUSSELL, Spinster of Dorchester, Dorset Dated 1648
26 June 1650 PROB 11/212 [Note:- From the Somerset Notes and Queries published 1908 page 168 "Margaret Russell Spinster by will dated 1648 left £3 to the distressed Saints to be distributed by Mr Benne preacher of Dorchester" Administration of the estate of Matthew HARVEY, of Dorchester, Dorset by Decree 1651 PCC Folio 66 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London Will of Early MILLER, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 12 February 1651 PROB 11/215 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Matthew HARVEY of Dorchester [Dorset] 19 Apr 1651 OPC PCC Admons Folio 66 Grantee Richard BURY, uncle on sister’s side of William, Margaret, Dorothy and Elizabeth HARVEY, children of the deceased Will of William DERBY, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 03 May 1651 PROB 11/216 See Biography of William Derby (1588-1649) Will of Lady Anne or Ann ASHLEY, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 21 April 1653 PROB 11/231(Brent 340) Widow of Sir Francis ASHLEY JP [1569 –1635] Recorder of Dorchester. (Note:- Abstracts of PCC probates year books 1652/3 edited by John Matthew & George F Matthews BA pub Volume 6 1911 states Will of Dame Anne Ashley was dated July 3rd 1645 & probate granted to grandson Francis HOLLES 21st April 1653)
Will of Thomas LUCKAS, Pettychapman of Dorchester, Dorset 20 February 1654 PROB 11/239 Will of William SPERINGE [or Spering], Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at st Peters Church Dorchester 01 Sep 1654] Dated 18 Aug 1654
Proved 24 Nov 1654 PROB 11/241 Will bequests:
To Church of St Peters 20s in consideration that executor quietly can erect a tomb over the place where my two wives and children now lie buried if I have no done so in my lifetime as I promised my late wife Mary
To Poor of St Peters 20s; To Poor of HT and All Saints 10s each;
To daughter-in-law Mary wife of my son William SPEERING deceased gold ring 20s engraved "The gift of William SPERING Deceased"
To Dorothy their daughter like ring 20s
To daughter-in-law Avis now wife of Christopher GARDINER Gent like ring20s;
To Mary their daughter my appointed goddaughter like ring 20;
To the now wife of my son-in-law John SPICER like ring of 20s and to J.SP himself like ring 20s;
To William SPERING my son my tenement within St Peters in Dorchester where I now dwell + contents for life then to his wife Mary for life and after both their deaths to my grandchild Dorothy their daughter.
Nevertheless direct that my now wife Avis have and enjoy house for life rent free if she do not take her dower and not claim the seven acres and a half of meadow bequeathed where I stand bound to William Tilsley of London now deceased in £500 for payment of £108 of my sons expressed debt etc etc --- also refers to son James SPERING who gets his mothers dower - near Stonebridge (newbridge) near Dorchester which he purchased of Lawrence ADYN Gent , Charles ADYN his son and George LAWRENCE Gent; + items : Thomas SPICER Son-in-Law ; William STRANGEWAYS Kinsman; etc etc ---
[Note:- See comments against Memorial plaque No. 99 in St Peters Church] Will of Anne HURT, or HART or HARTE Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 07 May 1655 PROB 11/245 Buried Holy Trinity 27 Feb 1654 Will of Alice LIMBERY, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 26 May 1655 PROB 11/245 FFH 227 Brief mention in 'Fire From Heaven' by David Underdown page 218 states "Benn may have formed a gathered church of the elect which received communion privately. When a Fordington widow named Alice LIMBURY made her will in 1655 she left money to 'the church whereof I am a member in Dorchester (she did not say parish or give the church a name), and she asked BENN and the Fordington minister John LODER who was certainly a Congregationalist to be her overseers' Will of William MELLEDGE of Dorchester, Dorset 14 August 1655 PROB 11/244 Buried St Peters 04 Dec 1654 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Robert COKER 07 Feb 1655/6 OPC PCC Admons Folio 66 Grantee Martha COKER Relict Administration of Thomas WHITTLE, of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried St Peters Church Dorchester 24 Oct 1654] 1656 PCC Folio 117 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas WHITTEL of Dorchester [Dorset] 18 Jun 1656 OPC PCC Admons Folio 117 Grantee Joseph WHITTEL brother guardian of Elizabeth, Ann, Mary, and Martha children of deceased Administration of Temperance GARDNER, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 1657 PCC Folio 292 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London [Note:- Can only trace a Temperance Gardner being buried at Melcombe Regis 27 Dec 1636?] Will of Gilbert LODER, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 12 March 1657 PROB 11/262 Buried St Peters 5th Nov 1656 See Fire from Heaven by David Underdown pages 139, 219,228 and 240. Puritan lawyer and father of John LODER (1626-1673) who was Vicar of Fordington St George 1649-1656. Bequest to 'Godly Poor' Will of Mathew DERBY, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset
[Note:-Buried Holy Trinity 25 Feb 1656 - Married Martha Joliffe HT 21 Sep 1635] 13 Dec1655
02 May 1657 PROB 11/264 Wealthy Lawyer see 'Fire From Heaven' by David Underdown page 227 'he left small bequests to the poor of Dorchester & several nearby villages, to the Hospital children, the alms people and destitute prisoners of the Gaol'.
Will: To preacher at his funeral a mourning cloak; to church 40s; Poor of Dorchester 40s; Two shillings to every almsperson in 3 Almshouses ib Dorchester; 12d to each child in the Hospital (workhouse) ; To poor of Bockhampton where he was born 20 shillings yearly for ever; Poor parish of Mayne Martell 20s; Poor of Burton near bridport 20s for ever; £3 for ever for poor apprentrices ; Martha his wife etc etc etc Will of Sarah DEBANCK, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 31 October 1657 PROB 11/268 Will of Elizabeth DAVIE or Davies, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 31 October 1657 PROB 11/268 Buried Holy Trinity 11 Oct 1656 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Temperence GARDNER of Dorchester [Dorset] 25 Nov 1657 OPC PCC Admons Grantee Henry GARDNER son Will of William SNOOK of Dorchester, Dorset 21 December 1657 PROB 11/270 Letter of Administration for the estate of Jonathan OSBORNE, of Dorchester, Dorset 16 Feb 1657/58 OPC Dorset Admons PCC Folio 39 Grantee Nathaniel OSBORNE Brother, Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London [Note:- Jonathan OSBORNE was the 7th child from the marriage of Robert OSBURNE [OSBORNE] to Avis PERIN at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 24-Sep 1607 but no trace of burial around that year] Administration for the estate of William THORNE, Widower of Dorchester, Dorset 1658 PCC Folio 132 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London [Note:- No trace of burial around that year] Will [dated 21st May 1657] of John HILL, Merchant of London, [Also Alderman and Capital Burgess of Dorchester in Dorset] 04 January 1658 PROB 11/272 Probably buried in London? Will includes bequest of £100 to the Free School in Dorchester to maintain a poor scholar through university. See Municipal Records Will of Nicholas FLOOKE, Clothworker of Dorchester, Dorset 19 January 1658 PROB 11/272 Buried Holy Trinity 28 Oct 1657 Will of Julian [Juliana] PERKINS, [or Parkins] Widow of Dorchester, Dorset
Widow of Joseph Parkins left £100 to poor of Dorchester: See FFH: Buried Holy Trinity 19 Feb 1657 Dated 19th Jan 1656
Proved 02 Feb 1658 PROB 11/273 Will: Being aged and weak of body --; To be buried HT Church Dorchester to which church I give £5; ringers 20s; preacher sermon at funeral 20s; To poor of 3 D parishes £3 at funeral; To the poor of the threee parishes in D £100 as a stock for ever interest paid to the poor as executors discretion; To kinsman William HASELBURY Clothier the £50 Bond due from him; To kinsman Richard LIMBURY £20; To kinsman John LUCAS of Axminster Devon dyer £20 or if dead to his wife and children; To Joseph PURCHASE one other of the sons of Joseph PURCHASE deceased £10; To Andrew PURCHASE, John PURCHASE and Margaret PURCHASE tow other of the sons and youngest daughter of same £5 each; To Mary LOCKER daughter of Mary wife of ? --of Somerset £10; To Mary wife of ? £10; to the 2 daughters of [blank] Miller late of Odcombe aforesaid deceased who were bred up by the said Mary wife of ? £5 each; To kinswoman Joane GILLINGHAM widow of Poole Dorset £10; To Mary one of her daughters £10; To kionswoman Sarah DAVYS wife of Lawrence DAVYS £10; To Elizabeth SHEPPARD daughter of Giles DAY of Aller Dorset £10; To Joseph PERKINS and William PERKINS the sons of Thomas PERKINS my late husbands brother £5 each; To all of the children of my kinsman William PATYE of Fryer Wadden Dorset Clothier £5 each; To Priscilla NICHOLS my god daughter £5 and my nobbed gold ring which was her mothers; To kinsman Joseph HOARE son of Henry HOARE of Frampton £5; To Christian GOULD daughter of James GOULD of Combe Kaynes Dorset deceased £5; To Elizabeth PERRYN of Dorchester widow one of my long tables clothes and half dozen of diaper knapkins; To kinswoman Elizabeth BURGES wife of Francis BURGES of Dorchester one of my long tables clothes and half dozen of diaper knapkins; To Judith PERKINS daughter of Martin STONE gent my my feather bed i usually lie on with my bedstead in the hall of my dwelling house in Dorchester, my best curtains and valance [i. for the bed] two bolsters, two pillows and two pillowties; my best arras coverled, a pair of my best blankets and a pair of my best sheetstogether with my press standing in the hall ; To kinsman Samuel PERRYMAN a silver beer bowl; To my kinsman John KEYCOTT one other silver beer bowl ; To my kinsman John CARDROWE of DorchesterMercersix silver spoons; To kindred of my late husband Joseph PERKINS who shall carry me to church to be buried six silver spoons (one each) To kinswoman Susan GILLINGHAM daughter of Johan GILLINGHAM my truckle bedstead in the hall with the feather bed thereonone bolster, two pillowsone coverled, one pair of blankets one pair of sheets; To John HENDGE of Dorchester20s; To the now wife of [blank] SEAGER now or late Coward of Fordington 20s; Rest to loiving friend and neighbour Arthur GOULD of Dorchester taylor and Susan GILLINGHAM also made executors: Overseers Josias TERRY of Dorchesterhaberdasher, Mr Thomas SYMONDS of Dorchester grocer, John FOYLE of D and William PATYE Will of Patroclus COOKE of Dorchester, Dorset 28 May 1658 PROB 11/276 See FFH; Buried Holy Trinity 18 Feb 1657 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of William THORNE of Dorchester [Dorset] 25 Jun 1658 OPC PCC Admons Folio 132 Grantee Henry THORNE son Will of Alice TOMPSON or THOMPSON, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 01 July 1658 PROB 11/279 Buried Holy Trinity 11 May 1658 Will of Thomas RIVERS, Minister of Dorchester, Dorset 02 September 1658 PROB 11/279 Might be Thomas Rivers MA born 1603c & graduate of Magdalen Hall Oxford appointed Rector of Wimborne All Saints 20 Apr 1641 - no further ref to him in Alumni or church database Administration of the estate of Robert STARR of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy trinity church dorchester 06 Sep 1659] 1659 PCC Folio 332 Index to administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House London Will of George COLE, Merchant and Alderman of Dorchester, Dorset 20 May 1659 PROB 11/291 Buried Holy Trinity 12 Apr 1659 Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Robert STARR of Dorchester [Dorset] 07 Oct 1659 OPC PCC Admons Folio 332 Grantee John STARR father Will of John TORRINGTON, of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Because the will is badly damaged there is no date it was proved before the court. His wife Barbara was buried at St Peters on 12th Oct 1675 followed by John on 20 Mar 1676/7. Link to his marriage for more information] 1660 but buried 1676/7 Dorset Archdeaconry Court Ref AD/DT/W/1660/10
Part of a will only very badly damaged -
I John TORRINTON of Dorchester in the County of Dorset being not well in body but of perfect memory do make this my Last Will [& Testament] in manner and form as followeth: I give to my son John all my working tools and one tableboard and one cupboard standing in the hall: I give unto my son Stephen one bedstand [i.e. standing bed] standing in the hall chamber one table board in the kitchin with one feather bed one feather bolster one ? ? my best pair of blankets one trunk with my best brass pot. I give to my son John's son John one etc
[Note:- Stephen TORRINGTON was educated at the Dorchester Free school 1652-1655 by Samuel Cromblehome (1618-1672) when he then matriculated at St Johns Cambridge on 27th June 1655 being awarded his BA in 1658/9 and MA in 1662]
Will of Anne COLE, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset 18 July 1660 PROB 11/299 Buried Holy Trinity 10 Aug 1659 Will of John PERKINS, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 15 August 1660 PROB 11/301 Will of Hugh EASTMOND, Innkeeper of Dorchester, Dorset 19 October 1660 PROB 11/300 Buried St Peters 30 Sep 1659 NBI has surname as Hugh Eastman Will of Jonas PALFRY, Brewer of Dorchester, Dorset 04 January 1661 PROB 11/303 See FFH assistant to Benjamin Devenish Master of the Dorchester brewhouse in 1622; took over on his death in 1643 as house clerk of the brewery: Buried St Peters Church dorchester 23 Jan 1659 Will of Henry CORBINE [CORBIN], of Dorchester, Dorset annexed to Letter of Administration granted to his widow Elizabeth [Note There is a burial for a Henry Corbin at Holy Trinity 24th Aug 1654.] Will 07 Nov 1645
Oath 02 Sep 1661
L/A 06 Sep 1661 Dorset Archdeaconry Court Ref AD/DT/W/1661/17 Will signed 7th day November 1645 left the poor of Holy Trinity Dorchester ten shillings: Residue of his estate to his wife (unnamed) also his executrix: Friends Francis Burge and Philip Stansby Overseers of will; witnesses Robert Cardrow and Matthew Miller: A Letter of Administration was taken out by his wife Elizabeth CORBIN after the Civil War on 6th Sep 1661 Bound with her was Arthur? GOULD Also see transcription of an Inventory of his goods which was taken after his death in October 1654 Will of John VINCENT of Dorchester, Dorset 21 January 1663 PROB 11/310 Will of John HYATT of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 01 Mar 1663/4] 20 February 1663 Dorset Archdeaconry Court Ref Ad/Dt/W/1663/15 Copy of Will badly damaged , one side missing. May have left estate to wife with request for her to be careful in the education of his 3 children? mention in the will of William Hardy; Honey Garland; Edward Hyatt and daughters one of which was Joane. Note:- There is a burial for a John HYATT in Holy Trinity Dorchester on 3rd May 1658. Will of William DRY, Inholder of Dorchester, Dorset 30 October 1663 PROB 11/312 Parish Register for All Saints Church shows :-1663 01 Jul William DRY buried [Note:- See pages 138 and 237 of 'Fire from Heaven' by David Underdown - he was churchwarden, overseer and left a will in 1663]
Will of Richard TALBOTT, Barber of Dorchester, Dorset 12 November 1663 PROB 11/312 Will of Alice LODER, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- buried St Peters Church Dorchester 13th May 1664 See Full Transcription of her Will dated 2nd May 1664] Dated 02 May 1664
Proved ? DHC Ad/Dt/W/1664 event record 18 To be buried in St Peters near husbands grave; Beneficiaried : sister Mary LYNINGTON of Weymouth son Gilbert executors to take special care of him & manage what was left to him by his late father; Cousins Andrew Loder & wife; Richard ATKINS and wife; Anne DAMPIER; Mr William BENN; Mr George HAMMOND; Mt John THOMPSON now living in Dorchester [Note:- All ejected Ministers] Mr Jo EATON; Executor John LODER of London Gentleman House between sons witnessed John Craddock and Alice SeagerJohn Loder and Phillip Stansby Letter of Administration for the estate of William HAYWARD, All Saints Parish in Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- William HAYWARD the elder buried at All Saints Church Dorchester on 10 Feb 1664/5 ] 15 Dec 1665 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1665 event Record 4 Granted to his lawful widow & relict Christian HAYWARD also bound with her is Ambrose WAY a fuller Letter of Administration for the estate of Nicholas STONE, of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- could not locate a burial but his wife pre-deceased him see burial of Joan STONE at Holy Trinity church Dorchester 31st Aug 1658] 16 Mar 1666 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1668 event record 15 Granted to William BOLTER son-in-law and administrator of the estate of the deceased Also bound is by George FROME Letter of Administration for the estate of Christiana JOLYFFE of Dorchester in Dorset 21 Apr 1666 OPC PCC Admons Folio 93 Grantee Henry BESTLAND Gentleman creditor [Note:- Chritiana was the widow of Humphrey JOLIFFE lawyer of Dorchester] Will of Joseph BLAKE, Gentleman and now Student in the University of Oxford of Dorchester, Dorset 09 June 1666 PROB 11/321 Buried St Peters Dorchester 15 Feb 1665 See comments there Letter of Administration [badly damaged] for the estate of Barnard GALPIN of the Parish of Holy Trinity Dorchester granted to his relict Christian GALPIN 14 Jun 1666 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1666 event record 12 Image ancestry.com Bound with Relict Christian GALPIN were William ALAND of Dorchester a baker by trade and Giles WILLIAMS of Dorchester a clothworker by trade Witness John HORLOCKE [Note:- Barnard GALPIN was buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 11th Oct 1661] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Josias ALLAMBRIDGE of Dorchester [Dorset] 03 Oct 1666 OPC PCC Admons Folio 192 Grantee Susanna ALLAMBRIDGE relict Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Laurence RIGHTON of Dorchester [Dorset] 27 Dec 1666 OPC PCC Admons Folio 236 Grantee Anne RIGHTON Relict Will of Jacob BLACKMORE, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset 12 January 1667 PROB 11/323 Buried St Peters Dorchester 5 Dec 1666 Will of Edward DASHWOOD of Merchant, Dorchester, [Dorset] 20 May 1667 PROB 11/324 Will to be buried HT; Refers to deed dated 28th April 1659 between him and James Gould the younger of Dorchester & Joseph Seaward of Dorchester etc etc trust -- Joane Dashwood wife; Sarah SOMERS my daughter - kinsman Edward Dashwood - -Also I give unto Zachary NELSON Clerke and his ??? other children etc etc other bequests [Note:- Buried Holy Trinity 14 Feb 1666. FFH page 250 left £50 from which the interest was to be distributed annually to the poor] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Barratt LACIE of Dorchester [Dorset] 21 Sep 1667 OPC PCC Admons Folio 140 Grantee Grace LACIE Relict Will of Jasper COLSON of [Dorchester, Dorset] [Note:- Buried at St Peters Church Dorchester 15th Oct 1667 - Link to more Information about this family ] Dated 05 Jun 1667
Proved 31 Dec 1667 PROB 11/325
The Will and Testament of Jasper COLSON In the name of God Amen: First I bequeath my soul to God that gave it me And my body to be buried were my wife in St Peters Churchyard And my will is that the little estate which God hath entrusted me withall shall be disposed of as followeth: First I make my son Joshua COLSON my heir and executor unto whom I do give my land house and garden in Allhallows Parish for ever And do also give him my book of debts due unto me for the consideration thereofI would have him to pay my debts And to give my son Frederick COLSON thrity pounds of lawful money and to be paid him five pounds by the year And I give unto my daughter Anne COLSON and Sarah COLSON her sister All my household stuff and plate and all my Phisick wares in the shop or elsewhere and the term of years I have in the house I dwell in to order and dispose as my daughter Anne COLSON thinks fit And I desire the Lord God to bless them all and to give them his grace that they may walk and live in the fear and love of God all their days and to love one another that this is my last will and testament I have unto set my hand and seal June 5th 1667 Jasper COLSEN: In the presence of Joane Butcher Anne Colson Sarah Colson her mark Elizabeth Long
Probate proved in the strand in the County of Middlesex by William Merick doctor at Law at the prerogative court the 31st December 1667 by Joshua COLSON executor
Letter of Administration for the estate of Ralph MANNEL [MANUEL?] late of Dorchester and Ann MANNEL late of Wool in Dorset 16 Mar 1668 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1668 event record 16 Granted to James MANNEL Maltster late of Dorchester the natural and lawful son and administrator of the estates of the deceased both of which died intestate: Also bound with him was John CARDROW of Dorchester a mercer; witness William Horlock. [Note:- Ann MANNELL widow woman was buried at Wool in Dorset on 29th Oct 1659.] Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of John TAYLOR of Dorchester [Dorset] 13 Apr 1668 OPC PCC Admons Folio 60 Grantee Elizabeth RANDALL alias TAYLOR widow relict Letter of Adminsitration for the estate of Thomas CHURCHILL of Dorchester [Dorset]
[Note:- Thomas Churchill was buried at Holy Trinity church Dorchester 24 Mar 1667/8 ] 28 Apr 1668 OPC PCC Admons Folio 60 Grantee George HODDER & Henry CUFFE, guardians of Richard, Thomas & Mary CHURCHILL, children of the deceased (further grant May 1678) Will of William WADE, Merchant of Dorchester, Dorset 10 June 1668 PROB 11/327 See Burial Register All Saints Dorchester Buried All Saints Church Dorchester 18 Nov 1667. FFH page 250 left £4 to the poor Letter of Administration for the estate of Richard WILLIAMS, of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- buried at All Saints church Dorchester 21st Nov 1667] 13 June 1668 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1668 event record 14 Oath taken by and administration of his estate granted to Christian WILLIAMS of Dorchester the relict and administratrix of his estate also bound is Edward CHAPMAN of Dorchester witnessed Joseph Woad and Rachel Ston; Will of Christopher GOULD, Schoolmaster & Parish Clerk of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 16th Sep 1668] Dated 10 Dec 1656
Proved 10 Nov 1668 DHC Ad/Dt/W/1668 event record 12 Will Bequests:- to eldest son John GOULD and his son John and daughter Margaret; Sara & William GOULD; Second son Joseph GOULD; son james GOULD; Cousin Mary WHITE; Residue to Wife Rachel witness Robert COSSINS [Note:- Christopher GOULD was appointed Master of Trinity School in Dorchester oin March 1632 when the existing Master Aquilla PURCHASE emigrated Will of Bridget CHAFFEY [also spelt Chafte and Chafe], spinster of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Bridget CHAFFEY was buried at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester on 23rd Dec 1668] Dated 14 Dec 1668
Proved 12 Jan 1668/9 Dorset Archdeaconry Court: Ref Ad/Dt/W/1668/11. Bequests to Matthew, John, and Ruth Reed kinsmen. witness Jone Chafe; Ann Norris; Robert Norris - Probate 12th Jan 1668/9 Will of William THORNE of Dorchester, Dorset [Note:- Wife Grace buried St Peters Church Dorchester 16th June 1668 William buried there 19th July 1669] Dated 26 Jan 1668/9
No proved Record DHC Ad/Dt/W/1668 event record 10. WILL: To be buried in St Peters Churchyard Dorchester in or near the place of my last wife : Bequests to Phillis LESTER my daughter the wife of William LESTER Rest 4 children Obediah, Tymothy, Mary and Sara TAYLOR Witnessed Thomas Spicer; Christopher Powell; Mary Thorne Letter of Administration granted for the estate of Francis BURGIS of St Peters Parish in Dorchester to Joane PURCHASE the wife of Andrew PURCHASE the natural daughter and administratrix of the deceased 12 Jan 1669 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1669 event Record 13 Bound Andrew PURCHAS of Dorchester Shoemaker and Richard ABBOTT of Weymouth Mariner. [Note:- Francis BURGIS was buried at Holy trinity Church in Dorchester on 03 Apr 1666] Letter of Administration granted for the estate of Jane BOND, Widow of St Peters Parish in Dorchester, Dorset 01 Feb 1669 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1669 Event Record 11 Bound: Anne [Anna] FORWARD principal creditor with Robert CHEEK witnesses Richard Fitzherbert and Humphrey Newman [Note:- entry in St Peters Parish Registers "11th Sep 1668 Mrs Jane BOND widow buried in the parish of All Saints"] Letter of Administration granted for the estate of Thomas COUNTER, in Dorchester, Dorset 17 Feb 1669 DHC Ad/Dt/A/1669 Event Record 11 Bound: Thomas COUNTER a thatcher by trade the natural and lawful nephew of the deceased witnesses Richard Fitzherbert and William Walelie Letter of Administration for the estate of Anne LON
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-ambrose-shea
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Sir Ambrose Shea
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Sir Ambrose Shea, diplomat, politician, businessman, newspaperman (born c. 1815 in St. John’s, Newfoundland; died 30 July 1905 in London, England). Sir Ambros...
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-ambrose-shea
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Early Years
Ambrose Shea’s father, Henry Shea, was a successful merchant. He arrived in Newfoundland in the late 1700s. Henry went on to raise a family of three girls and six boys. One son spent his life in England. The other five children became prominent members of Newfoundland society. Two became physicians and two became publishers of the family-run newspaper, The Newfoundlander. The youngest, Edward, served alongside Ambrose in the House of Assembly for many years.
Early Career
At the time of Shea’s birth in St. John’s in 1815, Newfoundland was a fledgling colony of some 40,000 inhabitants. That number more than doubled by the time Shea was first elected to the Assembly in 1848. But the island remained overlooked in the British Empire. With little arable land or heavy industry, Newfoundland was dependent upon the export of fish and the import of manufactured goods. Within this context, Shea was dedicated to expanding and diversifying Newfoundland’s economy through colonial trade networks. He pushed for the establishment of regular steamship routes to Halifax and Montreal, and for the construction of a railway across the island. Shea was regarded as an asset to the government in these projects. Eloquent and diplomatic, he made strong connections in St. John’s by selling and chartering ships during his early career. He was well positioned to negotiate with private capitalists on behalf of the government.
Shea was first elected to represent the district of Placentia-St. Mary’s as a member of the Liberal Party. The two central planks of the Liberal platform were the establishment of free trade with the United States and a system of responsible government. Shea played an active role in realizing both aims. In 1853, he travelled to Washington, DC, to negotiate Newfoundland’s inclusion in the Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and the United States. This was the first of several diplomatic missions he made on behalf of the colony.
Not everything went so smoothly, however. As a leading member of the Liberal caucus, Shea’s campaign for responsible government brought him into direct conflict with the governors of the colony — first with John Gaspard Le Marchant and then with Ker Baillie-Hamilton — who refused to subordinate their office to the House of Assembly. After nearly seven years of public sparring, responsible government was granted by the Colonial Office. It was inaugurated with the election of 1855, in which Shea was re-elected and the Liberals retained their commanding majority.
Speaker of the House of Assembly
For the next six years, Shea served as Speaker of the House of Assembly. This position focused on the more technical aspects of government and policy. It initially removed him from public controversies. But in July 1858, the premiership was taken over by John Kent, a pro-clerical leader whose politics were at odds with Shea’s belief that religious sectarianism had no place in government. Before long, the Liberals were severely weakened by internal bickering between Shea, Kent and the attorney general. Shea threatened to resign as Speaker. He in turn was called out by the editors of The Public Ledger, a rival paper to The Newfoundlander, for his “audacity to attempt a control of Government by resigning his position.” The Liberals narrowly lost the election of 1861 to the Conservatives. Shea found himself seated in the opposition.
Confederation
Newfoundland was invited to attend the Quebec Conference in the fall of 1864. The administration sent two delegates: Ambrose Shea, to represent Liberal-Catholics; and the Assembly’s new speaker, Frederic Carter, to represent Protestant-Conservatives. Both became enthusiastic supporters of Confederation. But both men had difficulty convincing their colleagues and constituents of its benefits. The island had won relative autonomy a decade earlier when it gained responsible government; many people felt that its interests would be compromised by a remote and indifferent government outside the colony.
The following year, Carter became premier. Shea — along with his brother Edward and John Kent — crossed the floor to join the executive of the new government. By 1869, party lines had been completely redrawn between pro-Confederation candidates, led by Carter and Shea, and the anti-Confederation party, led by Charles James Fox Bennett. Shea’s team lost badly. For the first time, he lost his own seat.
(See also: “The Anti-Confederation Song”; Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation.)
Later Life and Career
Ambrose Shea contested the seat for St. John’s East as a Conservative in 1873, but lost again. However, another election came only a year later. This time he contested the seat for the town of Harbour Grace, which he won. For the subsequent decade he spent in the Assembly — working once again under Frederic Carter’s premiership, then under William Whiteway’s — he continued to push for the expansion of trade by way of steamship cargo, as well as what would become the Newfoundland Railway Company. (See also Railway History.)
By far the most trying incident of these years came in 1883. Religious tensions in Shea’s constituency of Harbour Grace boiled over, resulting in a riot that killed three Orangemen and one Catholic. Nineteen Catholics were brought to trial in the aftermath. They were soon acquitted by the Supreme Court of Newfoundland. However, Whiteway’s caucus moved to officially condemn their acquittal in an amendment to the 1885 Speech from the Throne. Shea and others saw the move as brazenly anti-Catholic. The debacle set Shea at odds with the Conservative caucus. In the election of 1885, he once again crossed the floor, winning St. John’s East for the Liberals.
In September of that year, the Governor of Newfoundland, John Hawley Glover, died. Shea, then 70 years old, began petitioning for his appointment to the office. He travelled to London, England, to make his case at the Colonial Office, where he was well received. Carter was also in the running, but Shea, with his diplomatic experience and commercial expertise, seemed like the obvious choice. However, Shea’s opponents in Newfoundland, including Whiteway, lobbied to prevent his appointment. In 1886, the title was given to Sir George William Des Vœux, a colonial official with no prior connection to Newfoundland. Shea returned to St. John’s, frustrated by what he saw as Orange Order prejudice.
Governor of the Bahamas
A year later, however, the Colonial Office granted Shea governorship of the Bahamas. He and his wife, Louisa, arrived in Nassau in October 1887. They remained there for seven years. In that time, Shea worked to develop the archipelago’s networks of transportation and communication — in particular telegraph and steamship routes. He also oversaw the construction of a new hospital and tried to help poor rural communities by promoting the cultivation of sisal (a species of Agave).
In 1895, he and Louisa retired to London, England. Shea died there on 30 July 1905, at the age of 90. His body was returned to St. John’s, where he was given a state funeral.
Legacy
Sir Ambrose Shea was one of the most influential Newfoundland politicians of the 19th century. He served in the colony’s House of Assembly for 34 years. Though never elected premier or appointed governor, he was a key player in both Liberal and Conservative administrations. A skilled orator and diplomat, he was universally admired for his persistent attempts to mend political divisions between Catholics and Protestants, and for his promotion of the island’s economic development. The Sir Ambrose Shea Bridge in Placentia is named in his honour.
Shea also confronted serious political obstacles. As a moderate Catholic with close connections to London, he was never well positioned to lead the Liberal Party, which throughout his career possessed a strong clerical and Irish-nationalist streak. As a Catholic, he was never fully at home in the predominantly Protestant Conservative Party. Even more detrimental to his career was his enthusiastic support for Confederation. It did not gain widespread popularity in Newfoundland until the mid-20th century. He is nevertheless considered a Father of Confederation.
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https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~fordingtondorset/genealogy/Files/FordingtonDorchesterCo2.html
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Pilgrims of Fordington & Dorchester Dorset England
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Dorchester Company 1624
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ORIGINAL LIST
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
CHARLES ADYN & LAWRENCE ADYN living about Shrowsbury, Shrowshire. [Note now Shrewsbury in Shropshire]
[Entries 85 and 84 in listing] [MR] Charles & Lawrence ADYN [ADIN] I have not so far located an Adyn family in Shropshire at this date so cannot at present see a connection with those in Dorchester.
According to David Underdown in 'Fire from Heaven' the family of ADYN had been prominent in Dorchester for over a century in the early 1600's. 'Families like the Adyns occupied civic offices more or less in rotation but took little part in the affairs of the country': William Adyn was MP for Dorchester in 1571. As Country Gentlemen I did not expect to find them being educated at Oxford or Cambridge and they do not appear in the Alumni records. They were Maltsters and the 2nd fire of Dorchester broke out in John Adyn's Malt house on 30 Jan 1623. John died in Dorchester in the summer of 1626. Whilst the Adyn family was well known to the Rev. John White it is unlikely they shared his vision. Robert ADYN for example was a catholic recusant and despite his father & brother holding high civic office he spent most of his life in Dorchester Goal because of his outspoken religious views. MR. ALDEN . Robert Alden one of those who sold their right to the Plymouth Planters in 1626. Bradford says "Mr Allden (something now softened by my letter before mentioned) who was one of our powerfulest opposers, did not yield thereto, but was a furtherer of the [composition of Adventurers]".
[Entry 121 in listing] [MR] Robert ALDEN [ALLDEN] His name is listed among the 42 Adventurers who according to William Bradford Governor signed the Allerton agreement on 15 Nov 1626. MARGARET ALLEN of Bloxworth, widow.
[Entry 54 in listing] [Need access to Parish Registers DHC - I note that a Margaret ALLEN married a William BUN in Fordingtion on 19th Jul 1626 which could be her remarrying in her widowhood ?] RICHARD ALLEN of Ditchet, Devon, [Clerk] . Rector of Ditcheat, installed 8 Apr. 1608, "A celebrated Non-Conformist divine". His son was rector at Batcombe, but was deprived in 1662 as a preacher up of sedition, zealous covenanter". [Entry 92 in listing] [MR] , Note: See Separate Biography on this site.Richard ALLEN [ALLEINE] (c1575 - aft 1654) SIR FRANCIS ASHLEY [Knight] 3rd son of Anthony Ashley, of Damerham, Whiltshire. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1589; Barrister, Sergeant-at-law; Knighted 1618. Recorder of Dorchester and M.P. for the Borough of Dorchester, 1614-1625. Died 2nd Nov 1635. Will [P.C.C. 44 Pil] probate 19 May 1636. His daughter and heiress married Denzil Holles. [Entry 1 in listing] [MR] , Note: See Separate Biography on this site.Sir Francis ASHLEY (1569-1635) JOHN BALL of Langton [Clerk] d.20 Oct 1639 Will (P.C.C. 52 Coventry) 4 Jun 1639, pro. 29 Apr 1640; Rector of Langton Matravers 1618; cousin of John White[Entry 60 in listing] [MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site.John BALL [BAWLE] (1574-1639) JOHN BLACHFORD [ Woolen Draper] Married Margaret Membury, 6 Oct. 1610, Trinity Church, Dorchester. Buried [Trinity] 23 Nov 1632 [Source Rev.RG Bartelot]
[Entry 21 in listing] [MR] Note: See Genealogical Notes on The BLACHFORD Family of Dorchester 1593-1652 DENNIS BOND [Woollen Draper] Son of John Bond of Lutton in Purbeck (Dorset) and father of John Bond, minister of the Savoy. M.P. for Dorchester 1640. [When dying in 1658, was in much anxiety of spirit; the vulgar talk was that the Devil came to take away Cromwell, at the same time on his death bed, who was not prepared to go;" he gave Bond for his future appearance, and on 3 September made good his promise". d. 30 Aug.1658
[Entry 12 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site Dennis BOND (1588-1658)
MATTHEW BONGER [Baker,] Married Margery Hardy, 24 Sept. 1607, Trinity Church, Dorchester. His shop was near the East end of St. Peter's Church. Bur. 12 Feb. 1637/8.
[Entry 26 in listing] Matthew BONGER [or BONGIER or BONIOUR] (c1580 - 1637/8 or after 1645?)
Very little is known about Matthew BONGER's life. The earliest record I can locate about him is his marriage to Margery HARDYE in the church of Holy Trinity in Dorchester on 26 Oct 1607 when he would have been married by the newly arrived Rev. John WHITE. The average age for marriage for a male in 17th Century Dorchester was 27 so I have had to assume birth circa 1580. There is an early record which may apply to the 18th year of the Reign of James I [1619/20] which suggests that Matthew Bonger obtained a lease from the burgesses of the town for the term of his natural life for the 'Sheep market' for which he agreed to pay the Mayor and Burgesses £10 per annum.
On 2nd Nov 1621 he was formally admitted as a member of the Company of Freemen when his occupation was recorded as that of a baker. He also of course invested in the Dorchester Company in 1624. At a special court of the Governor, assistants, and Freemen of the Borough held on 24th day of September 1630 it was agreed that the tradesmen and handicraftsmen of the borough be divided into five companies each of which was to be governed by a warden. One of these was the 'Company of Fishmongers' which despite it's title covered 19 diverse trades one of which was 'bakers' and another the 'butchers'. Matthew Bonger was appointed the first ever warden of the Fishmongers Company and his role was to attend the Governors Court and report all abuses of trading within his area of responsibility by foreigners or freemen. He was clearly therefore of some standingg in the community.
On 1st June 1632 we also know that he had a servant called William Douche as he gave evidence against a number of townspeople for playing 'nine holes' on the Sabbath day. Rose Troup refers to his burial on 12 Feb 1637/8 but I have yet to confirm this and there is the following entry in the Municipal Records which may suggest otherwise. He did however marry in 1607 so its possible that this is his son who perhaps became a member of the Company of Freemen after 1635 when the records cease.
A feature of the town were the butchers shops (or standings) and shambles situated near the east end of St Peters church which were town property. On 22 July 1640 it was agreed, at the motion of Matthew Bonger, that the sergeants at Mace would on St James day next proclaim in the fair that if the country men will bring in their sheep and cattle on any market days, provision shall be made for penning of the sheep that shall be brought to the market to be sold. There were two rows of butchers shops, east and west, and on 10 June 1645 one in the west row was leased by a Matthew Bonger.
Genealogical Notes:-
[FFH] page 133: Phillimore's Marriage Registers, published in 1909: [MRD] Pages 403, 422, 494, 502, 664, 698: [HACD] p 339 [RT] p451 Note:- A Matthew BANGER was buried at powerstock dorset 1657 see NBI? MILES BOWNES - [Clerk] b.1585, d. 1630. Will [P.C.C. 98 Scope] pro by relict Eleanor 17 Nov. 1630. Of Queens College, Oxford. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Hampreston inst. 1614.
[Entry 35 in listing]
[CAM] BOWNES or BOWNAS, Miles Entered 29 Oct 1602; MA 1612 (Inc from Oxford) of Westmoreland Matricated (from Queens College Oxford) Oct 29 1602; Rector of Hampreston Dorset Will PCC 1630.
[OXA] BOWNES, Myles, of Westmoreland pleb Queens College Oxford matriculated 29 Oct 1602 aged 17; BA 20 May 1606; MA 6 Jul 1609; (incorporated at Cambridge 1612) BD 9 Mar 1620-21 as Bowness.
[CCED] BOWNES, Myles ordained 23 Dec 1609; deacon of Staunton Harecourte 24 Dec 1609; Priest 23 Sep 1610; Instituted Rector of Hampreston 19 July 1615. His successor was appointed 2 Dec 1630. [MR] The impressive monument opposite is to him and his 8 daughters & situated inside All Saints Church in Hampreston.
[PRO] Will of Miles Bownes, Parson of Hampreston, Dorset; Date of Probate 17 November 1630; Name of Register: Scroope Quire Numbers: 64 - 117; Prob Ref 11/158 WILLIAM BRADISH, [Clerk] - Doctor of Divinity of Puddletowne, Dorset (5 m. NE of Dorchester). Will dated 7 Oct. 1638.[Source Pope MSS Dorchester] Rector of Puddletowne and Athelhampton, Jan. 1623. His brother Stephen Bradish of Ireland "went beyond seas".[Source Rev RG Bartelot] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 58 in listing]
Against the east wall of the Sanctuary is a Mural Tablet, now illegible, to the Rev William Bradish D D, Vicar of Puddletown from 1611 to 1639. The inscription originally read: QUE COETUM HUNC PIETATE ANTIQUA, ET OPERA ASSIDUA PER ANNOS XXVIII INSTITUIT HIC PLACIDE OBDORMIT, VIR OMNI ERUDITIONE, MORUMQUE SUAVITATE EXECULTISSIMUS GULIELMUS BRADESHIUS SACRAE THEOLOGIAE PROFESSOR COLL. EMAN. CANTAB. OLIM ALUMNUS May be translated as: Here sleeps peacefully the man who for 27 years presided over this Guild (or Gathering) with all the piety of the ages of faith, and with unfailing energy. He was unrivalled for his extensive learning and for the sweetness of his disposition. His name was William Bradish: he was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Professor of Theology. [WW] BRADISH, DR. Died 1638. rector of Puddletown and Athelhampton from 1611. Investor in the Dorchester Company. A leader in opposition to the Fifteen, Sept 1631.
[CCED] BRADISH, William [Willimus] Refers to earlier appointment 7 Jun 1609 as Rector of Morton Derbyshire; also Instituted as Rector of free chapel of Athelhampton Dorset 29 Jan 1624.
[CAM] BRADISH, William Adm pens at Emmanuel College Cambridge Aug 26 1594 (previously Trinity College 1592) Scholar of Emmanuel; BA 1597/8; MA 1601; BD 1608; DD 1621; Fellow of Emmanuel 1601; Vicar of Piddletown Dorset 1611-38; Died 1638.
[MR] At the National Archives [Dorset History Centre] ; Church of England, Puddletown Parish, Dorset; Two copies of the will of William Bradish D.D. of Puddletown See Ref PE/PUD/CH/2/1 1638: Also under Burials in woollen PE/PUD/RE/4/1 1678-1716 At the back: Notes on the deaths [inscriptions?] of William Bradish 1638.
[MR] In "The decline of life" by Susannah Ottaway -- " The principal endowed charity in Puddletown was Bradish's charity, set up in the 17c by the Will of William Bradish . The charity gave £4 annually to clothe six poor people in the village(upon condition they be then able to say by heart the catechism) & 20shillings distributed each Christmas to four poor persons of the parish who could read.
[RT] Elected to the New Planters Parliament at the free school 31 Mar 1634
JOHN BROWNE, Esq. - Of Frampton. Son of Sir John Browne of Frampton b.c. 1582, d. 16 May 1659. Of Magdalen College, Oxford; Of Middle Temple; M.P. Dorset and Bridport. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] [New England Plantation]
[Entry 53 in listing] [MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site. John BROWNE JP (1582-1659) WALTER BURGES of Buckland. [Clerk] B. c.1580. of Oriel College, Oxford, from Dorset. Vicar of Buckland Ripers, installed 1608. Parliamentary return 1650 "Mr. Walter Burges, an able man as minister".Afterwards Preacher at Radipole. [Bayley Civil Wars]
[Entry 72 in listing] [OXA] BURGES, Walter of Dorset; pleb Oriel College Oxford Matriculated 12 Dec 1600 age 20; BA 23 Jun 1604; MA 22 Jun 1608; Vicar of Buckland Ripers Dorset 1608.
[CCED] BURGES, Walterus ordained decon in Salisbury Cathedral 26 May 1605 RICHARD BURY [Grocer] d before 1668; Elected feoffee of Dorchester Free School 24 Mar 1640/1. One of "Dorset committee" 1646 [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 22 in listing] Richard BURY [BURIE/BURYE/BERRY] (c1584 - 1661) Link to Transcription of his Will
A grocer and apothecary by trade the earliest reference I have to him is when he took on his first apprentice (a Thomas Evans the son of a local widow) on 25 Aug 1619 for 10 years. As such by law Richard had to be a householder and at least 24 years old so he was born prior to 1595 and later information places this nearer to 1584 or perhaps slightly earlier. In 1624 he was one of the 119 investors in the 'Dorchester Company', and when there were difficulties in 1627 he was one of the main supporters with John White to reform the company. In the Survey of ships belonging to Weymouth his name appears as Richard BERRY as the owner of the 'Fellowship' the first of the ships bought by the Dorchester Company. Between 1619 and 1633 the municipal records show that he took on five apprentices in all, the fourth being a William White the son of a widow Anne on 25 June 1632.
Note:- William White (1617-aft 1684) was the nephew of Rev John White by his elder brother Josias who died in 1622/3 leaving 4 children, the third son being called William. Although his widow Anne remarried to a Francis Drake in Surrey he also died on 17 March 1633 and like many others in the White family Anne moved to live in Dorchester close to the patriarch and her son. We know her son William became a merchant trading in Dorchester and married Dorothy one of Richard Bury's daughters before removing to live in London.
Richard Bury, a staunch puritan, was first elected Constable of Dorchester for a year on 2 Oct 1626, a post he also held during 1629-30. In 1627 he and another constable Richard Williams were required to press men for Buckingham's ill fated expedition to the Isle of Rhe. On 6 Oct 1628 he was elected Governor of the Company of Freemen filling the role of Assistant Governor the following year and again in 1632-33. As such his name appears in the Charter granted to Dorchester by Charles I which was dated 22nd Sep 1629 where he is listed as one of the original 24 members of the Common Council of Freemen. He was also elected as a Capital Burgess of the town on 2nd January 1632/3 when he took over from John Long who had recently died. He was elected Bailiff of Dorchester on 30 Sep 1633 (and again in 1638 and 1647) and County Treasurer in 1635. He first became Mayor of Dorchester in 1640, being appointed a second time on 4 Oct 1650. Another role he was elected to was that of feoffee of the Dorchester Free School on 24 Mar 1640/1. He lived in a house that he had purchased from a Charles James in 1637 for £190 called 'Foxwell's tenement'. It was situated between houses owned by James Gould a merchant of Dorchester and the widow Elizabeth Cundytt on the east side of South High Street Dorchester.
He was one of the few that did well very out of the civil war (1642-1651) and an indication of his wealth is given in Charters 691/2 where he leased 'Court farm' in the parish of Buckhorne Weston Dorset for £1,100 and many other lands for 99 years.
He married a Dorothy and they had at least 3 sons Phineas, John & Thomas BURY and 4 daughters, these being Dorothy the wife of William White; Sarah the wife of Samuel Clarke (who was one of the witnesses of Richard Bury's will); Mary the wife of Samuel Cromleholme and Elizabeth the wife of Michael Watts. Its possible that he had a 4th son Nathaniel as he was admitted to the Company of Freemen in Dorchester on 03 Jan 1632/3 an apothecary apprenticed to his father. nathaniel married in Wiltshire in 1639 but is not listed in Richard Bury's will.
Phineas Bury (1634-1678/9) is recorded as a scholar of Dorchester, presumably of the 'free school' there as his father was feoffee. Phineas was educated at Wadham College Oxford where he matriculated 2 Apr 1652 at the age of 18. Obtaining his BA in 1654, became a Fellow 1656, and received his MA in 1657. He was a sub warden in 1662, proctor 1665, and became Canon of Chester in 1670, and Rector of Southrop Gloucestershire in 1675. He died in London on 28 Jan 1678/9.
John Bury (c1636) married Ann Bascombe, both described as being from Weymouth, at St Peters Church in Dorchester in August 1657. They had a son Richard Cromleholme Bury who was born on 24th Oct 1664 baptised at St Peters on 8th Nov 1664.
In 1648 he was made an officer of the new volunteer force & on 15th July marched on Shaftsbury. Municipal Records in Dorchester show that he was elected as an Alderman of the town on 29th October 1652 but was living in London in 1656 and in 1659 was described as being well into his 70's. He wrote his will on 20th March 1660 when he simply gave his residence as London. He died in 1661 his will being proved on 25th October that year. Link to Transcription of his Will. In Dorchester he was replaced as Capital Burgess because he had died on 14 Apr 1662.
Sources:-
[FFH] pages 122, 180, 208, 212, 214/5, 217, 223, 233: [HD] page 129: [MRD] : [RT] Pages 93, 101, 263, 457: [WW] pages 85, 99, 106/7, 125, 127, 134, 157,174: Phineas OXA. [SDH] page 32 RICHARD BUSHROD - [Haberdasher and Merchant Adventurer] Son of John Bushrod of Sherborne, Dorset. Married Dorothy sister of John Watts. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] d. 1 July 1628.Will [P.C.C.- Ridley] Bailiff of Dorchester 1621. M.P. for Dorchester, 1625/6. Obtained licence for voyage to New England [New Planters Parliament] [Entry 32 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site. Richard BUSHROD (1576-1628) ROBERT CHEEKE - [Clerk] b. c.1572,Of Magdalen Hall Oxford, from Somerset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 8 July 1627. Rector of All Saints Church, Dorchester and schoolmaster.
[ Entry 34 in listing] [MR] Note:- The life of Rev. Robert CHEEKE MA (1572-1627) is covered under the History of the Free school in Dorchester.
EDWARD CLARKE, [Clerk] Married as 2nd wife Anne Pelham, dau. of Herbert Pelham at Fordington 3 May 1621; she was sister of Eliz. 2nd wife of John Humfry . d.31 Dec 1630. Will (PCC 41 St. John) .pro. 18 Apr 1631. Assistant to John White 1620-1625. Removed to Taunton in July 1625 [Source Whiteways diary] Vicar of St Mary Magdalen Taunton 1628 [Weaver] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 44 in listing] Edward (Edwardus) CLARKE (1593/94-1631) He was educated at Oxford matriculating at Exeter College on 14th Feb 1611/12 at the age of 18 being awarded a BA in 1616 and MA in 1619(1) . From there he went to Dorchester arriving in 1620 to become an assistant to the charismatic Rev. John WHITE the rector of Holy Trinity Church(2) . Through John White he met the Rev. Edward PELE (1582-1643), the vicar of nearby St Georges Church in Fordington and was introduced to the influential PELHAM family. Herbert PELHAM, the head of the family, unfortunately died shortly after his arrival on 21st April 1620 and the following year on 2nd May Edward CLARKE married Anne the daughter of Herbert PELHAM by his second wife Elizabeth(3) . Anne PELHAM had been baptised in Hellingly Sussex 22 Mar 1601/02 before the family moved to Fordington and was a younger sister to Thomas PELHAM listed below(4). She also had a younger sister Elizabeth (Bap Hellingly Sussex 27 apr 1604) that married in Salisbury on 4 Sep 1621 to become the 2nd wife of John HUMPHREY of Chaldon Herring(4) . He was also active in promoting the settlement of New England, where he arrived with his wife in May, 1635 to become Deputy Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Edward and Anne had three children baptised in Fordington : (1) Elizabeth 10 months after they married on 17 Feb 1621; (2) Anne baptised 23 Nov 1623; and (3) Edward baptised 19 Jun 1625(3) . Both Edward CLARKE and Anne's brother Thomas PELHAM invested in the Dorchester Company and on 3rd March 1623/24 he was one of the 12 members elected to serve under the Govenor Sir Walter Erle on the New England Committee. On Sunday 18th July 1624 Edward baptised Margaret (Margery) the daughter of William WHITEWAY the diarist, another member of the committee.
In July 1625 he removed his family to Taunton(2) presumably as curate to the church of St Mary Magdalen as he was formally instituted as rector there on 1st April 1628(5) . He was succeeded in his post as assistant to John WHITE by Ferdinando NICHOLLS. Edward CLARKE's death is recorded in William WHITEWAY's Diary as 31st December 1630 which also shows that his wife died on 17th of the same month.(6) Genealogical Notes:-
(1) [OXA] : (2) [WW Pages 61, 64, 75, 114, 129, 174]: (3) Bishops Transcripts Fordington: (4) DV & DV2 Pelham pages 53/54: (5) [CCED] (6) [PRO] Will of Edward Clarke, Clerk, Vicar of Taunton, Somerset; Probate date 18 Apr 1631; Name of Register: St. John Quire Numbers: 1 - 68 Ref PROB 11/159 (7) FFH Pages 63,258,453.
ROBERT COKER - [Goldsmith] Son of Thomas Coker of Dorchester; born c1579. Bur. (St Peter's) 4 Jan 1654/5 [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] He or his son must have been the goldsmith from whom captain Sydenham "borrowed" plate in his raid on Dorchester 1644 [Page 313]
(Entry 17 in listing) Robert COKER (1579-1654/5) of Ashbosam was a goldsmith by trade and like his father lived in Dorchester. His grandparents were Thomas COKER of Ashbosom and Alice the daughter of Peter STANTER of Hornesham in Wiltshire. His father, their fifth son, was also named Thomas COKER and his mother Joane (nee HALLETT).
This family should not be confused with the Coker's of Mappowder many of which went to university, and may well have been related. See the 1677 Visitation of Dorset pages 14/15 for their pedigree - in particular Robert Coker of mappowder who died 24 Feb 1625 and is mentioned in William Whiteways diary.
Robert COKER married into the Chubb family (circa 1603) when he wed Martha the daughter of William CHUBB of Frome Selwood in Somerset. According to the 1623 Visitation of Dorset they had seven children:- (1) Mathew 1604; (2) Robert 1607;(3) Margaret 1609 who married William PATY 6 Oct 1628; (4) Joane 1612; (5) John 1618; (6) William 1620; and (7) Martha in 1622. Robert became a close friend to another goldsmith Matthew CHUBB (the elder) who was bailiff of Dorchester 1593, 1602 and in 1610. Matthew was authorised by the King on 12 Nov 1613 to advance £1,000 for the rebuilding of Dorchester after the great fire that year. The richest man in Dorchester he rebuilt the George Inn and with his wife Margaret endowed an almshouse for women. Matthew died in 1617. By the time his widow Margaret CHUBB died in 1628 her only son and heir Matthew CHUBB junior was still under age (who William Whiteway in his diary refers to as a 'little boy') so she left in her will dated 18 April 1625 all her lands and goods to Robert COKER on the condition that his 2nd daughter Joan COKER married her son. This clearly happened as Charter 636 (item 9) refers to Joane CHUBB the widow of Matthew CHUBB conveying the premises back to her parents on 23 Jan 1633.
The municipal records show that one month before the great fire of Dorchester (1613), which burnt down half the town, Robert COKER took on an apprentice Jasper ARNOLD for 10 years. On 30 Sep 1622 he was elected Assistant Governor of the Company of Freemen, a post he also held 1627-28, and 1629-30. in 1624 he invested in the Dorchester Co and was supportive of John WHITE's efforts to establish a plantation in New England. The Charter issued to Dorchester by Charles I dated 22 Sep 1629 names him as one of the 24 members of the Common Council of Freeman. In 1634 he was elected Governor of the Company for that year. During the Civil War he supported the Royalists. Robert died intestate being buried at St Peters Church 04 Jan 1654/5. Sources:- [DD] Pages 19 & 138 Chubb page 135 etc: [DV] : [DV2] : Nat Archives Matthew Chubb Prob 11/130 will proved 15 July 1617: Margaret Chubb Prob 11/153 will proved 14 May 1628: [FFH] pages 153, 205, 206: [HD] page 129: [MRD] page 346/8 + Numerous ref on 20 different pages [RT] pages 102. 313, 450 [WW] pages 48, 69, 92, 99, 151, 175.Note:- See Index to Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House Lodon, for Administration of his estate in 1655 with (admons d.b.n. June 1670) under folio 66.
JOHN CONANT [Counant] - [Clerk] son of Richard Conant of East Budleigh, Devon. Bp. 18 Mar 1585/6 d.13 April 1653. Will (P.C.C. 285 Brent) 8 Apr 1653 pro. 26 Sept 1653; Rector of Lymington Somerset inst 30 Dec 1619. Member of the Assembly of Divines [Brother of Roger Conant.] [For full account of him see F Odell Conant History of Conant Family].
[Entry 93 in listing] [CCED] Ordained deacon 5 Mar 1615 Instituted Rector of Lymington 30 Dec 1619; ordained priest 16 Mar 1620; Licenced to preach whole of England 27 jun 1620
[OXA] CONANT, John of Devon pleb. Exeter College matriculated 15 Nov 1605 aged 18; BA 5 May 1609; Fellow 1611-1620; MA 29 Jan 1611/12; BD 2 Dec 1619; Licenced to preach 27 Jun 1620; Incorporated at cambridge 1620; Rector of Lymington
[RT] CONANT, John Highly esteemed by the Puritans being appointed Rector of Exeter College and a member of the Assembly of Divines. Brother of Christopher & Roger Conant of East Budleigh. His brothers went to London to make their fortune whilst he went to Oxford. Christopher as a grocer and Roger as a dealer in salt and salted fish. Roger married Sarah Horton 11 Nov 1618 at st Anns Blackfriars and they emigrated to the Plymouth Colony arriving in April 1623. His brother Christopher arrived that July but returned to England after a few years. Roger disliking separatist rule left the colony to join those left at Cape Ann. See Book for account and description of him and the short biography of John White on this site
JOHN COOKE - [Mercer] Buried 26 April 1641, Trinity Church, Dorchester. Will dated 23 April 1641, proved 26 Oct. 1641 [PCC 127 Evelyn].
[Entry 4 in listing] [WW] COKE, John (died 1641) Mercer and fustian-weaver of Puddletown and Dorchester. First Governor of the hospital 1616-34. Governor of freemen 1625-26, 1629-32. Lieutenant in county militia 1627. A leader in revolt against Fifteen 1631. Twice undersheriff.
[WW] Diary date: 1 Oct 1619 made Constable Diary date: 29 Sep 1620 made constable. PATROCLUS COOKE - Beadle of the Freemen of Dorchester 1621. Buried [Trinity] as Patroclius Cooke 18 January 1657/8. Will dated 3 Jan. 1657/8 (PCC 257 Wooten). [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 6 in listing] [WW] COOKE, Patroclus (died 1658) Beadle of company of freemen 1621-22. 1623-24. Sergeant at Mace 1624 and 1634. One of leaders in revolt against the Fifteen 1631. Burgess 1631. Married 2nd wife in Dorchester 15th April 1634.
[FFH] Constable 1620; Beadle 1621; 1624 dismissed as sergeant (For some words spoken against Lord chief Baron- See WW Diary page 65); sidesman Trinity Parish next few years ; Overseer Trinity 1633; 1636 constable again; supplied ammunition in Civil war 1644 - Will dated 28th May 1658 Nat Archives Prob 11/276 available on line)
[NBI] Petroelius COOKE buried Dorchester Dorset Parish of Holy Trinity 18 Feb 1658
JOSIAS COOTH [COOTHES] of Sherborne. [Linen Draper]. [See Bayley Civil Wars]
[Entry 73 in listing]
Will of Josias COOTH (d.1666), Mercer of Sherborne, Dorset;
In the name of God Amen I Josias COOTH of Sherborne in the County of Dorset Mercer being very infirm in body but in good and perfect memory blessed be to God do revoke all formewr wills and make this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following.
First I render my soul into the hands of Almighty God my only saviour and redeemer hoping for salvation in and through the mercy and merits of Jesus Christ
And my body to be interred in the churchyard of Sherbone where the body of Elizabeth my former wife deceased lyeth.
And touching such temporal estate as God hath blest me with
Impremis I shall leave unto my loving wife Anne my copyhold tenement in Brockhampton for her yo enjoy during her widowhood according to the custom of the Manor.
And I give unto my daughter Mary all the rest and residue of my tenure which shall be to come and unexpired in certain grounds called Ffeaventh? and all my right totle and interest that I now have or hereafter might or shall have or ought to have in a parcel of ground called or known by the name of March Wood with all my household stuff and all the rest and residue of my estate real and personal moveable and unmoveable whatsoever and I do nominate and appoint her to be my executrix of this my last Will and Testament.
And for as much as my daughter is an infant my will is and I do constitute my wife Anne to be her Guarian until my daughter shall be married or until she shall accompluish the age of twenty years which shall first happen. And my will is that my loving wife Anne shall have full power and authority to make sale or any other monies to dispose of any of the estate of my daughter as she in her wisdom shall best think for the benefit and advantage of my daughter Mary my executrix.
And if my daughter Mary shall happen to die before marriage and before she accomplish the age of twenty years Then my will is that my loving wife Anne shall have and enjoy the whole remainder of my estate
And I do desire my loving friends and my cousin Jonathan COOTH and my cousin John John WHETCOMBE Junior and Mt Stroud BILSE and Mr Lionell PYNE to assist my wife with their advice if need be as they hope in God may be real friends unto them in the like.
Whereunto I have set my hand and seal the 18th day of August 1666 Josias COOTH - signed sealed published and declared in the presence of Lionell Hand junior George Gaylard William Mere the mark of Maglan Bune the mark of Mary Jeanes ---
Probate granted 20 Oct 1666, PCC Name of Register: Mico Quire Numbers: 139 - 184; PROB Ref 11/322 The parish registers for Sherbone show that Josias COOTH Gentleman was buried there on 16th Oct 1666.
[SDH] In 1625 he had a share in 5 loads exported and 14 imported from Weymouth in 1625 page 35
[MRD] pages 401; 402; 415; 424; 427; 652
RICHARD COOTH of Ensom (Edmondsham?), Somerset. There was a John Cooth of Dorchester, Will 1634. A Richard Cooth, gentleman, of Sherborne, Dorset, mentioned in 1635.
[Entry 94 in listing] FRANCIS CROSSING of Exeter, Devon. B.c. 1597 or 1601. Son of Hugh Crossing, Mayor of Exeter. Married Elizabeth, dau. of Matthew Pitt of Crickett Malherbe qv [No 42] . of Balliol College, Oxford. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Will proved 1639 (PCC 101 Harvey). M.P. for St. Michael and for Camelford.
[Entry 91 in listing] [DV2] He is not listed in the visitation but we know from OXA that he was the son og Hugh Crossing mayorof Exeter 1620 so the following is relevent. Grandson of Thomas Crossing; son of Hugh Crossing Mayor of Exeter (date of visitation 1620) & Joane daughter of John Barret of Barnstable. Brother of Thomas Crossing born Exeter 1597. [DV Page 342]
[OXA] CROSSING, Francis (Crossen) of Devon arm Balliol College Oxford matriculated 11 May 1615 aged 16; of Exeter (son of Hugh Crossing Mayor of Exeter) MP St Michael 1626; Camelford 1628-9; His will proved 15 June 1639. EDMUND DASHWOOD - [Clothier] Son of John Dashwood, bp at West Stafford 6 July 1588. Married Thomasine daughter of John Henning Esq, of Poxwell. Died 5 idus Feb.1666 aet 78 (Tomb) [Source Rev RG Bartelot] , bur 14 Feb. 1666, Trinity Church, Dorchester.
[Entry 8 in listing] Edmond [Edmund] DASHWOOD (1588-1643) (1) Baptised 6th July 1588, the son of John Dashwood of West Stafford Dorset(2), a mercer by trade; a puritan sympathiser and friend of the Rev John White. David Underdown places him in Dorchester as early as 1599(7). He married Thomasine the daughter of John HENNING Esq of Poxwell by his wife Dorothy Wareham. John Henning was High Sherrif of Dorset in 1610(9). Edmund is recorded as a witness on Charters in Dorchester in 1611 and was elected a Capital Burgess on 29th Sep1620 (3) also serving as Bailiff of Dorchester in 1619/20; 1625; 1633; 1636; 1639;1641(5). The Charter signed by Charles I on 22nd September 1629 names him as one of the first Aldermen of the City. He was also appointed Mayor of Dorchester on 1st October 1632(2b) and became an active supporter of John Whites schemes for example contributing towards the cost of the Hospital. The family traded with France as apart from being a mercer his son Francis Dashwood followed his fathers trade and married a french woman in Caen on 27th July 1634 (although William Whiteway does not record her name). A Thomas Dashwood recorded as landing at Rye from France and being on his way to Dorchester in 1636(6) is likely to be another of his sons involved in the family business. His name appears on the petty customs records for the port of Weymouth in 1637 as does that of his father. Edmund himself was named by John White as one of the original 119 investors in the Dorchester Company (formed in 1624) and cited with others in the court case which came to trial in 1636(2) He died in 1643 and left £50 from which the interest was to be distributed annually to the poor.(8)
Edward DASHWOOD (d1666/7)
Probably a third (and possibly eldest) son of Edmond Dashwood above. He was elected Constable of Dorchester 6th Oct 1623 and reconfirmed in the post for another term on 4th Oct 1624(4). A clothier by trade he was also named in Charles I's Charter of 1629 as one of the first 24 members of the Common council of Freemen of Dorchester. Business prospered with him taking on an apprentice in 1631 and being elected as one of the feoffees of All Saints in 1633, the year he was elected Governor of the Company of Freemen. He also acted as Assistant to the Governor in 1629-30 and 1634-5. With this background it is understandable that when Sir Francis Ashley died he replaced him as a Capital Burgess of Dorchester (on 4th May 1636) . He was an ensign in the parliamentary forces of the borough in 1643 and held the tenure of a property on the north side of High East street in 1646 when Richard Bury acquired the tenure of the property next to him. The following year he married Joane HYATT in West Stafford on 3rd Feb 1647/8(7). He was elected Bailiff of Dorchester 1649/50; 1651/2 and 1658/9(5) and first became its Mayor when the incumbent John Allambridge died in 1642. He was returned the following year and twice more in 1653 and 1662. He was buried at Holy Trinity church Dorchester on 14th February 1666/7 and his will proved 20th May 1667. From the way his will is written his daughter Sara Somers nee Dashwood may have been from an earlier marriage. His wife Joane was buried at Holy Trinity on 24th March 1675/6 and her will proved 10 May 1676. See also Memorials for HT Church. Genealogical Notes:- There is much confusion between father and son, even by established biographers, so I have set out the facts as I understand them above.
(1) WW page 175 and FFH page 221
(2). RT page 449 & Court case page 102 (2b) Rose Troup gives a quote to Edmund being 'thrice Mayor of Dorchester'. If he was the other times pre dated the start of records in 1629. Edward was certainly Mayor 3 times.
(3). WW page 30 + He was a signatory as a capital burgess to the constitution of the Company of Freemen dated 22nd Oct 1621 + Visitation to Dorset 9th August 1623 confirms him to already be a burgess.
(4). WW pages 54 & 65
(5). HACD Pages 350 - 354
(6). Source British History On line 'The corporation of Rye: 1631-40', The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations, etc.: Thirteenth report, Appendix Part IV (1892), pp. 194-213. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=67151&strquery=davidge
(7). A CLDS record suggests that Joane Hyatt was the widow of Russell Hyatt and if true it is possible that this was also Edwards 2nd marriage as there is an apprenticeship record in Dorchester for 1634 for an Edward the son of Edward Dashwood merchant being apoprenticed for 7 years to his father.
(8). FFH page 42 (Dorchester 1599) Death page 221 & 250
(9). John Hennings ancestry see Burke's Family Records pages 306-313 Thomazin 6th child page 307
(10). SDH Cargoes going through Weymouth: Francis Dashwood 11 Jan 1633 ship 'James' 11/- duty paid; 17th Jan 1633 ship Francis 3s duty paid; 19th Feb 1633 ship' Sarath' 6s duty paid; Thomas Dashwood 8 Oct 1637 ship 'Nonsuch' & 18 Nov 1637 ship 'Francis' paid £6 duty; Edmund Dashwood 7 Oct 1637 ship 'Little John' £1.4s duty paid JOHN DAVY of Crediton. Son of John Davy od Sandford Crediton. d. 13 Oct 1654 Will (P.C.C. 101 Aylett) pro. 7 Aug 1655 Created Baronet 9 Sep 1641
[Entry 101 in listing] of Crediton, Devon, (8 m. NW of Exeter). Son of John Davie and Margaret Southcott. Married (1) Julyan Strode, dau. of Sir William Strode and Elizabeth Courtney, (2) Isabel Hele. Margaret Southcott was a cousin of Capt. Richard Southcott who came in 1630. (Ref: Search Series Vol. 11, p. 34).
His son Humphrey Davie came to Boston, MA. Humphrey married Elizabeth White, dau. of Edmund White, whose nephew was a supporter of Rev. John White. John Davie's dau. Isabel married Walter Yonge, son of Walter Yonge and Jane Perriam. g ANTHONY DERBY living in France. Son of William Derby of Dorchester.
[Entry 111 in listing] [MR] It took a lot of research before I realised that, with the greatest respect to Rose Troup, she has the family relationships wrong. William Derby of Dorchester did not marry until 1615 and there is no evidence that he had a child called Anthony (or Paul) and even if he did they would be too young to be legal investors in the company. Anthony and John DERBY are in fact both younger brothers of William DERBY. His sister Frances DERBY married William TUCKER and they also invested in the Dorchester Company along with William and their widowed mother Joane DERBY. Link to Anthony DERBY 6th child of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). JOHANE DERBY - Widow of Beaminster, Dorset. [Mother of William Derby town Clerk of Dorchester] [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] . Will 9 Aug. 1636 (PCC 62 Pile).
[Entry 76 in listing] [MR] See separate Biography for her son William DERBY (1588-1649) which gives information on his children and parentage. William DERBY was the second of ten children of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). By 1624 Joane was a widow and obviously invested in the company at the behest of her children William, Henry, Anthony and Paul were all mercers of Dorchester and France. PAWLE [PAUL] DERBY [Merchant] living in France. Son of William Derby of Dorchester. Living 18 May 1653 [Source Rev. RG Bartelot]
[Entry 110 in listing] [MR] It took a lot of research before I realised that, with the greatest respect to Rose Troup, she has the family relationships wrong. William Derby of Dorchester did not marry until 1615 and there is no evidence that he had a child called Paul (or Anthony) and even if he did they would be too young to be legal investors in the company. Anthony and John DERBY are in fact both younger brothers of William DERBY. His sister Frances DERBY married William TUCKER and they also invested in the Dorchester Company along with William and their widowed mother Joane DERBY. Link to Paul DERBY 8th child of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). WILLIAM DERBY [ Mercer] born at Beaminster c.1588, Married Mary dau. of Joseph Bradstocke of Witchampton 19 April 1615 [Source Dorset Visitation]. Bur (Trinity) 1649 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Town Clerk of Dorchester 1629-1648.[Source Rev RG Bartelot] Under Sherriff of Dorset 1649 [Father of Joseph [also Town Clerk] , Matthew, Paul, and Anthony [see numbers 110,111] [Source Rev RG Bartelot] [New England Planters Parliament] .
[Entry 15 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site William DERBY (1588-1649)
BENJAMIN DEVENISH - [Tailor] Son of Robert Devenish of Bradford Peverel. Bp. 20 Sept. 1574, Bur. [Trinity] 12 Sept. 1643; Will 8 Aug 1643. [His son was Rev. Benjamin Devenish of Corfe castle ] [Source Rev RG Bartelot] [Entry 18 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Benjamin Devenish (1574-1643) THOMAS DEVENISH - [Keeper of Dorchester Goal] born. c1589. [Entry 16 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Thomas Devenish (1589- after 1638) GEORGE DIER - Living in New England. Weaver of Dorchester in 1621. sailed in the Mary & John.
[Entry 114 in listing] George DIER [DYER] (1579-1672) As can be seen Rose Troup in her biography of Rev John White states that George Dier was a weaver by trade and one of those that sailed on the 'Mary & John' on 24th March 1630 and was therefore living in New England when he drew up the list of Investors in 1636. It is clear from the Municipal Records of Dorchester that George Dier was elected a Freeman of Doirchester on 28th Nov 1621 and it is this record that states he was a weaver by trade.
Link to an account of his life by Ann Weiner
B. 1579, d. 1672. Married Elizabeth (Abigail?).
Sources:- RT: George Dier Page 459 'Mary & John' pages 197-203 and 214- FFH:Pagese 133 & 137 CHRISTOPHER ERLE, Esq. [Barrister] b.c.1590, d. 29 Mar. 1634. Bur. Temple Church 4 April 1634. Second son of Thomas Erle by Dorothy dau. of Sir William Pole of Shute [brother of Sir Walter Erle].
[Entry 37 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Christopher ERLE(1590-1634) SIR WALTER ERLE, [Knight] of Charborough. Elder son of Thomas Earle and Dorothy sister Sir William Poole, b. 1586 Bur. 1 Sept. 1665. Knighted 4 May 1616 M.P. for Poole, Lyme Regis, and for Weymouth. Of Queens College, Oxford. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Governor of the New England Plantation.
[ Entry 52 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Sir Walter ERLE(1586-1665) EDWARD FRENCHAM - [Clerk] b. c.1570, Of Magdalen College, Oxford from Sussex. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 18 June 1628. Rector of Compton Valence, 1604-1628,
[Entry 37 in listing][OXA] FRENCHAM, Edward of Sussex Cler.fil. Magdelen College Oxford matriculated 2 Jul 1585 aged 15; BA from Magdelen hall 24 Feb 1589/90; MA 3 Jul 1592; Rector of Compton valence Dorset 1604
[WW] Diary This spring died 1628:- Mr Frenchman preacher died 18 June 1628 WILLIAM FRY Esq. of Yarty, [Gentleman] b. c.1590 Mar Mary dau of John Yonge of Colyton. Bur 1 May 1672.
[Entry 98 in listing] [DV2] Grandson of William Fry of Yerty in Devon & Joan daughter & heir of Robert Newbury of Stockland in Dorset; [Note now part of Devon] Son of Nicholas Fry of Yerty son & heir (alive 1620) and Ellinor daughter of John Brett of Whitstanton Somerset; born c1590; married Mary daughter of John Younge of Colliton Esq approx 1610; children William 1611 son & heir; Mary 1612; John 1614; Nicholas 1617; Henry 1619.
[OXA] Page 537 William FRY of Devon arm, fil. nat. max Sr Alban Hall Oxford matriculated 3 May 1605 aged 17 student of the inner temple 1609 as of Yarty, Devon son of Nicholas; buried at Membury 1 May 1672 See Fosters Inns of Court Register
[RT] Page 263 "William Fry in Membury Devon who had received the advowson as part of his wife's dower on his marriage with Mary, the daughter of John Yonge of Colyton and sister of Walter Yonge.
[WW] Page 149 1st August 1634 Young Mr Fry of Culliton coming from Exon with his man between them killed a man at Vinneton bridge. For which his man was burnt in the hand, and Mr Fry had a pardon.
[MAP] Link to Map 1765 for Stockland / Membury then part of Dorset
[GEN/UK Link to Info on his father Nicholas Fry & Elinor Brett
[CLDS] Church member entry only [suspect] but suggests his grandfather William FRY of Yarty was born c1564? Witheridge Devon - also refers to his will as being dated 12 Mar 1607 but not at National Archives PCC JOHN GALTON of Lulworth.[Clerk] Sir John Galton of Bere Regis [Source Rev RG Bartelot] B.c.1580. Of University College Oxford, from Dorset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 1662 Chaplain of New College; Vicar of East Lulworth inst 1609. Vicar of Combe Keyes 1611.
[Entry 74 in listing] [OXA] GALTON, John of Dorset; pleb University College matriculated 7 Apr 1578 aged 18; BA 24 Nov 1601; MA 31 Jan 1605/06; Chaplian of New College Vicar of East Lulworth Dorset 1610; of Combe Keyes 1611 JOHN GEERING - [Grocer]. Son of Simon Gearing of Lechlade, Glouchester [? by Anne Bradshawe] . Married (1) Phebe dau. of John Reeve, Goldsmith, London, (2) Rebecca dau. of Roger Oldfield and sister of Sarah, wife of Jose Glover, and Joseph Oldfield of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Citizen and member of the East India Company.
[Entry 120 in listing] WILLIAM GOLSNEY [GOLSEY] of Holnest . B.c.1590. Under Sheriff of Dorset 1630. [Source Rev. RG.Bartelot]
[Entry 83 in listing]
William GOLSEY (Senior) (d.1607/8), Gentleman of Dorchester, was born at Winterbourne St Martin in Dorset but buried at St Peters church in Dorchester between 15th Nov 1607 (when he wrote his will ) and 8th Feb 1608 when it was proved at the PCC. He clearly became an important member of the Corporation in Dorchester as evidenced by a deed relating to a plot of land commonly known as 'East Walls Town Land' which survives in the Municipal Records of Dorchester. This is dated the 13th November in the 39th year of the reign of Elizabeth I (1596) and refers to a plot on the east side of South Street and provides for John Watts and William GOLSEY who in order to repay a debt of £150 to Mathew CHUBB the richest man in Dorchester (who often financed the towns development) enclosed, divided and sold off strips of this arable land to five individuals, retaining some portion for themselves.
His Will suggests that he was only survived by his widow Anne and a young son also called William GOLSEY, whose education and religious instruction was committed under the will to Robert CHEEKE the Master of the Free School in Dorchester (where he served until 1627). Robert Cheeke was a great puritan, friend and supporter of Rev John White and one of the main architects behind the formation of the Dorchester Company so its not suprising to find one of his earlier students investing in the company. William Golsney the son, after instruction by Robert Cheek, went onto Brasenose College in Oxford where he matriculated in 1616 and was awarded a BA degree in 1620. The entry on the left gives RG Bartelot as the source. He was a great historian and genealogist and his extensive records are at the Dorset History centre to which I do not have access. He attributes him to Holnest a small parish 5 miles south east of Sherborne. Certainly there was a family there by that name in the 1640's but it would be necessary to consult his notes at the DHC for more background. He was one of 4 witnesses in Dorchester to an indenture dated 22nd July 1625 (See Charter 712). According to William Whiteways diary William GOLSNEY was appointed undersheriff for the year at least twice. Firstly on 4th Oct 1624 and secondly on 4th Oct 1627. The Undersherrif for Dorset appointed for the year on 6 Oct 1629 was Robert Goldsborough & on 4 Oct 1630 Henry Arnold Junior so the reference to 1630 does not seem to be correct.
Sources:- HACD; MRD; OXA; PCC Wills PROB 11/111; WW
EDWARD GOULD of Staverton, Devon. D. 26 Mar. 1628. Son of Edward Gould and Elizabeth Man, brother of William Gould, Henry Gould, nephew of John Gould of Dorchester. Will dated 5 Mar. 1627/8, proved 16 May 1628 (PCC 37 Barrington).
[Entry 90 in listing] [DV2] Grandson of John GOULD of Staverton Devon; Son of Edward Gould of Staverton son & heir & Elizabeth daughter of William Man in Devon; brother to Nicholas & James merchants living (1620) in France; and Henry living Exeter. Married Julian daughter of Zachariah Iriah of Chidleigh Devon; Children - Edward 1610; Elizabeth 1611; William 1614; Zachary 1616.
[WW] Diary November 1628 The end of this year there died -- Mr Edward Gould of Coombe Devon [no actual date given]
[PRO] Will of Mr Edward Gould Yeoman of Staverton Devon Probate 16th May 1628 : Perogative Court of Camterbury, Name of Register: Barrington Quire Numbers: 1 - 63: Ref PRO 11/153
HENRY GOULD of Floyershayes by Exeter. d. 4 Sept. 1636. Son of Edward Gould and Elizabeth Man, brother of William Gould, nephew of John Gould of Dorchester. Married Ann Wills, dau. of Zachary Wills of Exeter. Will proved 31 Dec. 1636 (PCC 119 Pile).
[Entry 89 in listing] [DV2] Henry GOULD of Exeter; Brother of Edward Gould of Staverton (see above for parentage). Married Ann daughter of daughter of Zachary Wills of Exeter; children Elizabeth daughter & heir (1620)
[PRO] Will of Henry Gould, Merchant of Saint Thomas the Apostle, Devon: Probate 31 Dec 1636: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Pile Quire Numbers: 90 - 123: PROB Ref 11/172 JAMES GOULD - [Clothier]. Son of John Gould of Dorchester, bpt. St. Peters Church, Dorchester 21 July 1593. Married Margery dau. of George Savage Esq. of Bloxworth, 1624. [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Bur. St. Peters Church 15 Feb. 1675/6, . Will 29 Oct. 1675. [ Nephew of wife of William Whiteway and father of James Gould M.P. and grandfather of the Countess of Abingdon [ Source Rev RG Bartelot] [William Whiteways diary f 70 says he was 30 in 1624] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 14 in listing] James GOULD [GOOLD] (1593-1676) He was the grandson of John GOULD (d1606) of Staverton listed in the Dorset Visitation of Devon held in 1620, and son of John GOULD (-1630) of Dorchester by Joan the widow of Roy in Dorset. His elder brother John Gould was heir to his fathers estate who by 1620 had married Sarah the daughter of Eatrey of Colhay in Devon and had a daughter Joane. James GOULD was baptised in St Peters Church Dorchester on 21st July 1593 (Source RG Bartelot) and was followed by a sister Joane who eventually married the wealthy woolen draper Dennis Bond (1588-1648) also an MP who became Mayor of Dorchester in 1635 and was another investor in the Dorchester Company. James was also the nephew of Thomazine GOULD (d1613) the wife of William WHITEWAY (1532-1614) of Denburie in Devon whose grandson William WHITEWAY (1599-1635) was the famous diarist. Both the diarist and his father William WHITEWAY (1570-1639) also invested in the Dorchester Company.
James Gould a clothier by trade was elected to serve as assistant governor of the Company of Freemen in Dorchester on 30 Oct 1622 and Alderman of the town on 26 Dec 1623. When they formed the 'New England Parliament' on 24 Mar 1624 he and William Whiteway the diarist were two of the 12 members elected to sit on the committee. He married Margery the daughter of George SAVAGE Esq in her home parish of Bloxworth on 28 Apr 1624. There was a dowry of £500 and he brought her to Dorchester to live the following day. In July she was godmother to William Whiteway the diarist's daughter Margery who was named after her. On the 1st Oct 1627 James was elected Bailiff of Dorchester and on 24th February following became godfather to the diarists son John Whiteway. By a new Charter issued to Dorchester by Charles I on 22 Dec 1630 he was listed as one of the Capital burgess of the town and its 1st Alderman under the new charter. On the 30th December 1633 he was one of the 3 main traders to suffer substantial losses when the 'Mary of Morlaix' which was laden with '120 fardles of derbys' destined for Dorchester ran aground and broke up on Portland beach.
In 1636 he was elected Treasurer of Dorset's Western Divison, a task he does not seem to have been very diligent at, as the court had to order production of the accounts by mid summer 1637. It did him no harm however as he was elected Mayor of Dorchester that year. A benefactor of the town he was a Royalist during the Civil War and removed as burgess. At times he lived in France. He was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 15th Feb 1675/6 and his will proved on 10 May 1676. He had a son James:-
James GOULD (1624-1707) The History of Parliament States 'He was elected an Alderman of Dorchester in 1676, and became its Mayor 1677-78 and a second time 1696/97. He was Sheriff of Dorset 1687-88 and Freeman of Poole in 1689. The Goulds had a strong local interest in Dorchester, and James followed his father as Member for the Borough but took little part in proceedings in the House. Returned for Dorchester again in 1690 he was classed as a Whig by Lord Carmarthen (Sir Thomas Osborne) in a list of the new Parliament. His activities in this session cannot be distinguished from those of his cousin Nicholas and in any case both were inactive Members. He was listed by Carmarthen in December 1690 as a probable supporter in case of an attack against him in the Commons by Robert Harley as a Country supporter in April 1691, and by Grascombe as a placeman in 1693. The death of his cousin in 1691 allows him to be more easily identified in the Journals. He did not stand after 1695, and was buried at St Peters Dorchester 11th Aug 1707. His only daughter married first Charles Churchill brother of the Duke of Marlborough (John Churchill) and secondly the 2nd Earl of Abingdon (Montague Venables-Bertie) (4) Sources:- (1) HACD John Hutchins (2) MRD (3) History of Parliament The House of Commons 1690-1715 Cambridge Press (4) DV2 page 132 (5) WW 13 ref to him page 56 says aged 30 in 1624, incs pedigree of William Whiteway page 170/1 (6) OPC Marriage 1624 (7) PRO John Gould of Satverton Devon proved 28 Mar 1606 Ref 11/107; John Gould of Dorchester Merchant proved 10 Nov 1630 Ref 11/158. James GOULD of Dorchester proved 10 May 1676 Ref 11/350 (8) QS (9) HD (10) SDH JOHAN GOULD, WIDOW - b. 1549, dau. of Leddoze of Wyke Regis. Widow of James Gould of Fordington [Source Rev RG Bartelot] d. 9 Dec. 1630. [Source Whiteways diary] Will proved 22 Dec. 1630 (PCC 109 Scrope). Cousin of William Whiteway the diarist. Left generous bequests to poor etc of Dorchester.
[Entry 39 in listing] [WW] GOULD, Joan (1549-1630) Widow of James Gould of Fordington , who was probably the "old cousin" who died at Bath in 1613. A wealthy woman, owning property in Dorchester and Fordington . Godmother to diarist's son William 1622, and also to his daughter Mary. Benefactress of Dorchester and neighbouring places; also of John White.
[PRO] Will of Joane Gould, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset: Probate granted 22 Dec 1630: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Scroope Quire Numbers: 64 - 117: PROB Ref 11/158 WILLIAM GOULD of Hayes near Exeter, Devon. son of Edward Gould of 'Staverton and nephew John Gould of Dorchester. d.23 Mar 1635 Will (P.C.C. 99 Goare) pro 1637
[Entry 88 in listing] [DV2] William GOULD of Hayes near Exeter; grandson of John Gould of Staverton Devon; son & heir to Edward Gould of Staverton & Elizabeth daughter of William Man; married Alice daughter of Robert Taylor of Pinhoe Devon; Children - Edward son & heir 1606; Mary 1607; Elizabeth 1610; William & Grace 1615; John 1616; Janes 1619.
[PRO] Will of Henry Gould, Merchant of Saint Thomas the Apostle, Devon: Probate granted 31 Dec 1636: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Pile Quire Numbers: 90 - 123: PROB Ref 11/172
[WW] GOULD, William (d 1635) Merchant of Hayes near Exeter. son of Edward. Married Alice Taylor and had a daughter Elizabeth. Investor in the Dorchester Company. GILES GREEN - [Gentleman] of Afflington in Corfe Castle and of Motcombe Married Elizabeth dau ....Hill of Poundsford Park somerset. Bu. 5 Jan. 1655/6, St. Benet Fink, London. Will 21 Dec 1655 [Source all above Rev. RG Bartelot] M.P. for Weymouth and Corfe Castle. came to Dorchester 1634 [Source Whiteways diary] Their dau. Dorothy married Walter Yonge.
[Entry 81 in listing] Giles [Gyles] GREEN [GREENE] (d1655/6) He was the son and heir of John Greene a successful merchant of Dorchester and aclose friend of the Rev John White. His father was one of the original 15 Burgesses of the town named by Charles I in the charter signed 26 June 1610. When his father died in 1614 he left John White a gold posy ring and 40 shillings towards the 're-edification of his house' which had just been destroyed in the great fire. Its not suprising therefore to find Giles as an investor in the Dorchester Co. Gile's sister Sarah Green married another succesful merchant in Dorchester called Thomas Davidge who also died in 1614 by which time he left Sarah a widow with 4 children. She re-married to John Hill the Mayor of Dorchester.
Giles lived at Afflington within the parish of Corfe Castle on the Isle of Purbeck and married Elizabeth Hill of Poundsford Park in Somerset. They had a daughter Sarah who married John Bland of London as she named her son Giles Bland after her father (bap St Olave Hart St Ldn. 26 Oct 1647). Giles Green was MP for Weymouth & Melcombe Regis 1621, 1626 and Corfe Castle 1625,1628. The Visitation of Dorset in 1623 however disclaimed him at Dorchester where he is listed as having "usurped the name of Gentleman without authoritie". According to William Whiteway's diary he moved to Dorchester to live 24 Sep 1634 because of his own and his wife's sickliness. He became Receiver of Yorkshire, and from 1645 was a Commissioner of the Navy. However, in December 1648 Green was one of the MPs excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge. His son later became clerk of the New River Company and his daughter, Katherine, married another Dorset MP, Roger Hill, in 1635. He died at Motcombe leaving a Will which was proved on 20 May 1656. A Giles Green was also buried at Melcombe Regis on 20 Aug 1662 which may be his son. Sources:- See Links above + [WW] (pages 32,61,79,95,150,156,177) DV: (pages 2 & 4) [PRO] Will of Giles Greene of Motcombe, Dorset: Probate granted 20 May 1656: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Berkeley Quire Numbers: 1 - 52: PROB Ref 11/252 [RT] (pages 63,456) [MR] (pages 41,581) [IGI extraction programme Giles Bland] D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954): [DV] 1623 Listed page 2 under Weymouth but disclained at Dorchester Page 4 JOHN GUY (Gye) [Clerk] Rector of Bryanston, Dorset. [Preached at the funeral of Sir Robert Meller Sept 1624 [Source Whiteways diary]
[Entry 45 in listing] His dau. Margaret married Robert Pitt of Blandford, son of Thomas Pitt and Priscilla Searle. (Ref: Dorset Visitation 1677, p. 56)
[OXA] GUY, John of Bryanston had a son John Guy (born c.1615) and his son matriculated at Magdelen College 1632 aged 17; BA from Hart Hall 1636; MA 1639; student of the middle temple 1632. [Note could not trace the father] GEORGE HARDY of Compton Abbas, [Gentleman] son of John Hardy bp. 1 Jan 1580/1. Bur. 6 Nov 1654 [Source Rev. RG.Bartelot]
[Entry 59 in listing] [JOS] His dau. Hannah Hardy married Bernard Troup. Stephen Terry, the emigrant, married Jane Hardy in Symondsbury, 13 Mar. 1633, and she was probably the dau. of Nicholas and Agnes Hardye, who were married and,lived in Stratton (3 m. NW of Dorchester). WILLIAM HARVY of Langton Matravers,
[Entry 82 in listing] [JOS] possibly son of Thomas Harvy and Ann Pyne, dau. of John Pyne of Corry Mallet, Somerset. (Ref : -Dorset Visitations, 1623, p. 52) A William Harvey appeared in Taunton, MA in 1639. MORGAN HAYNE living about New Castle, son of Oliver Hayne of Dorchester. Freeman of Dorchester 1621
[Entry 103 in listing] [DV] Grandson of Richard Hayne of Dorchester; son of Oliver Hayne of Dorchester by his wife Cicely daughter of William Adyn of Dorchester; Morgan Hayne son and heir of Dorchester married Rawlin daughter of Christopher Dabynot of White Stanton in Somerset. Children included Mary 1619; Elizabeth 1617; Gideon 1618 son and heir; John 1620; and Samuel 1621. DV Ref Page 54
[WW] Ref under his father HAYNE, Oliver (1563-1622) Gentleman of Dorchester. Burgess 1610. His son Morgan made freeman 1621. receiver of the Company of freemen 1621.Investor in the Dorchester Company & other ventures in New England. Moved to Newcastle upon Tyne. Related to the diarist.
[HD] Brass Plate at entrance into a pew in St Peters church Dorchester- here lyeth the body of Mr Oliver HAYNE one of the capital burgesses of this town who departed this life 12th dec 1622 aged 59". NATHANIEL HEIGHMORE of Caundle.[Clerk] B.c.1585. Of St Albun's Hall from Southant's gent. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Goathill and Caundle Purse, Dorset 1614 [signed protestation 1641/2]
[Entry 79 in listing] [JOS] (Highmore)Descended from Highmoore's of Harbybrow, Cumberland. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1677, P. 94)
[OXA] HIGHMORE, Nathaniel of Southants Gentleman St Alban Hall matriculated 16 Oct 1601 aged 16; BA from Merton Hall 27 Nov 1604; MA from Queens College 17 Jun 1607; Rector of Goathill Somerset 1614; Rector of Caudle Purse Dorset 1614?.
His son is also listed :- HIGHMORE, Nathaniel (Heighmore) son of Nathaniel Highmore Caudle Purse Dorset sacred. Queens College matriculated 4 Nov 1631 aged 17; scholar Trinity College 1632; BA 6 Feb 1634/35; JOHN HILL - [Ironmonger] 3rd son of Roger Hill, of Poundsford, Pitminster, Somerset. b circa 1589.[Source Dorset Visitations] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 9 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. John HILL (1589-1657) JOHN HUMPHREY, [Gentleman] Living in New England ; Son of Michael Humphrey of Chaldon [see entry 28 in listing] Married (1) Isabell dau Brune Williams of Tynan in Isle of Purbeck (2) Elizabeth dau Herbert Pelham of Compton Vallence 1621 (3) Lady Susan Fiennes sister of the earl of Lincoln 1630. Treasurer of Dorchester Company and of London Company. Emigrated with his third wife to New England 1633. Returned to England 1641. d.(probably 1652) Admon. to son John 4 June 1653. [His son Col John Humphry was sword bearer before Judges of Charles I] [ New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 116 in listing] [DV] Entry for 1623 brief: Son and heir of Michael Humphry of Chaldon Doest & Dorothy Bawler. Only shows 2nd marriage to Elizabeth daughter of Herbert Pelham of Compton Dorset with 1 son John born 1622. DV Ref Page 57 & 75
[JOS] Esq. of Chaldon Herring, He married (1) Isabel Williams, dau. of Brune Williams and Elizabeth Churchill, (2) Elizabeth Pelham, 4 Sept. 1621, Salisbury, dau. of Herbert Pelham and Elizabeth West, bpt. 27 Apr. 1604, Hellingle, Sussex. Elizabeth died 1 Nov. 1628. Her Aunt Lettice West married Henry Ludlow cousin of Roger Ludlow. He married (3) Susan Fiennes, dau. of Sir Thomas de Clinton, Earl of Lincoln and Elizabeth Knyvett. Treasurer of Dorchester Company, John became Deputy Governor of Massachussetts. John brought servants, John Legge and John King with him. He returned to England 26 Oct.1641. He died 1661, Chaldon Herring, Dorset. His brothers-in-law were Edward Clarke, who married Ann Pelham, Thomas Pelham, Isaac Johnson who married Arabella Fiennes for whom Gov. Winthope named his ship, and John Gorges (b. 1593), son of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Lord of the Province of Maine, and Anne Bell, who married Frances Fiennes. Robert Gorges, his brother (b. 1595), came to New England in 1623 to take up the government of a patent in Massachusetts Bay, MA. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1623, p. 57, Dorset Visitation 1677, pp. 77,53, History of York Maine, Vol. 1 by Charles Edward Banks)
[WW] HUMFRY, John (1597-c 1652) Son of Michael Humfry of Dorchester. Treasurer of the Dorchester Company. actively engaged in this and other colonizing ventures. Sailed to New England 1634, but returned 1641. His son Colonel John Humfry, was sword bearer before judges of Charles I. MICHAEL HUMPHREY [Gentleman] of Chalden Herring and of Dorchester, Married 2ndly (Bridport) Martha Pride, 4 July 1615. [Source Rev.RG.Bartelot] d. (in London) 3 April 1626. [Source William Whiteways Diary] Administration granted to his son John 24 April 1626. Alderman and magistrate of Dorchester 1625.[Source Rev RG Bartelot] Clerk to Viscount Bindon. Father of John Humphrey, Esq.
[Entry 28 in listing] [DV] Brief tree to prove right to coat of arms Michaell Humphry of Chaldon in Dorset and his [1st] wife Dorothy Bawler; shows son see above. [DV Ref page 57]
[WW] HUMFRY, Michael (d. 1626) Esquire of East Chaldon and Dorchester. alderman of Dorchester 1625. Died while MP for Dorchester. The diarist was elected to sit out his term. MARY HUSSEY, widow - Possibly widow of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick,who had two sons Thomas & Hubert both married before the Visitation of 1623.
[Entry 115 in listing] [DV] Mary Hussey the widow of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick and Tomson in Dorset is in the visitation for Dorset 1623 page 57: If this is a correct identification she was still alive then: Her husband Thomas Hussey was the grandson of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick & his wife Elizabeth Humphry of Baskerville; son of Hubert Humphry of Shapwick & Tomson and his wife Elizabeth Banister. Her husband seems to have died in 1605 his will being proved PCC 11/165 on 7th January 1605. Children of the marriage were Thomas son & heir described as living 1623 who married Elizabeth daughter of James Hannan of Hollwell Somerset; Joseph; George; Hubert & Robert. DV Ref Page 59
[PRO] Will of Mary Hussey, Widow of Shapwick, Dorset: Probate granted 8 May 1629; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Ridley Quire Numbers: 1 - 59: PROB Ref 11/155 HUMPHRY JOLIFFE - [Gentleman] b. 1583. Married Christian dau. of John Fry. Bur. 27 Dec 1653 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] An attorny of Dorchester and Steward of the manors of Sir Edward Laurence 1627-31
[Entry 23 in listing]
[Note:- Many variations in spelling makes research difficult eg Umfrey, Humfry, Humfrey, Humphrerey, Joleff, Joleffe, Jolife, Joliffe, Jolleiffe, Jollyffe, Joliff, Jolliffe, Jolyff, Jolyffe, Joyliffe, Oliffe etc] Humphrey JOLIFFE [1575/6-1653]. The source for the original information shown left and recorded by Rose Troup in her biography of Rev John White is given as being from the genealogist Rev R.G.BARTELOT (1868-1947) the Rector of St Georges Church in Fordington. His research papers were deposited at the Dorset History Center to which I do not have access so it may be possible to get confirmation of his sources at the DHC. My own research brings into question some of the information he provided. He gave Humphrey's birth year as 1583. The Oxford Alumni however refers to a Humphrey Jolliffe from Dorset, a plebeian, who matriculated at Magdalen Hall Oxford on 7th February 1588/9 at the age of 13. Given that he became an attorney of some standing in the community it is likely that he had a university education and there are no other applicable entries at Oxford or Cambridge and thge name is unusual so I have used this source to estimate his actual year of birth as 1575/6.
The average age at which men married in Dorchester was around the age of 26 but I cannot locate evidence of Humphrey being in Dorchester prior to the great fire of 1613. In his book Fire from Heaven David Underdown refers to "John Watts, hitherto a prosperous merchant and member of the Corporation was 'much impoverished' by the fire and his house behind South Street, adjoining the Antelope yard or backside was in ruin for 2 years before he eventually sold it to a lawyer named Humphrey JOLIFFE. Jollife claims to have spent the improbable sum of £1000 on rebuilding it." By 1615 Humphrey was clearly a wealthy man and now aged 40 likely to have been married. There is a burial in Holy Trinity Church of an Amy the wife of Humphrey JOILIFFE being buried there on 2nd April 1624, but no direct evidence of children.
RGB (see left) also states that he married 'Christian' the daughter of John FRY but gives no background. There is indeed an entry in the registers for the parish of Cattistock on 11th January 1626 of a Humphrey JOYLIFFE a gentleman from the parish of Dorchester marrying a Christian FFOY [not FRY] and this appears to be the entry that RGB is referring to as Christian is brought to Dorchester and they raise a family of 9 children in Holy Trinity parish between 1628 and 1641.
There is no doubt that Humphrey JOLIFFE was an active and well respected lawyer regularly used by members of the Corporation and to aid research I have listed below references to him that I have located in various surviving documentation.
(1). He was appointed Overseer of Mathew CHUBB's will dated 21st June 1617;
(2). He was a beneficiary under the Will of Roger KETE Gentleman Dated 15 Mar 1619/20 Proved 5 July 1620 "Item: I give and bequeath to Humphrey JOLIFFE Gentleman a great wine chest"
(3). In the Will of Margaret CHUBB (d.1628) Widow of Matthew CHUBB (d.1617) Goldsmith of Dorchester; Dated 18 April 1625 (Probate granted 14 May 1628 Ref PROB 11/153) "Item: I give unto Humfry JOLIFFE of the said Dorchester Gentleman my attorney whom I have found very careful and faithful in the following of my law business one hundred pounds so as he doth deliver or cause to be delivered to the executor of this my Last Will and Testament within three months next after my decease being thereunto requested all such deeds evidences Charters records Court Rolls writings scripts and investments of what nature and kind so ever which he hath in his own custody or otherwise disposed of which do concern me or my lands or any part thereof or any got of my estate and also be aiding and assisting to my said executors for the due performance of this my Last Will and Testament according to my true intent and meaning."
(4). He was one of the witnesses to the indenture or sale of Foxwell's Tenement, on the east side of South High Street to the grocer Richard Bury on 10 June 1637 - Charter 687
(5). He was one of the witnesses to the indenture of a lease of a Messuage in High South Street on 23rd March 1640/1 Charter 712-D
Sources:- FFH; Parish Registers Cattistock; Holy Trinity Dorchester; MRD pages 370, 382; OXA; QS; [MRD] Pages 382 [witnessed an indenture 23rd Mar 1640 ]; 547 [1652-3 - Refers to debate on how to free William JOLIFFE of his debts in London [£125] with Humphrey JOLIFFE and Lawrence RIGHTON helping to sort out his other debts]
[OXA] - Jolliffe, Humphrey of Dorset pleb. Magdalen Hall matric 7th Feb 1588-9 aged 13 ?
[QS] - Pages 120 [attorney Blandford Sessions 12/14 Jan 1630], 150 [Attorney Bridport Sessions 5/8 Oct 1630] ; 171 [Attorney at Sherborne Sessions 19/21 Apr 1631], 179 [Attorney at Shaston Sessions 12/13 July 1631] , 184 [ Attorney at Bridport Sessions 4/6 Oct 1631] , 224 [ Blandfor Sessions 8/11 Jan 1633 - Case of John Higgins:- Robert Nappier, Humphrey JOLLIFF, Robert Hill and John Salter gentlemen are Commissioners in Dorset for the lands and revenues of Theophhilus, Earl of Suffolk. They consent that John Higgins of Winfrith, labourer, being poor and aged can build a house on the waste at Winfrith of which the Earl of Suffolk is lord, and shall pay no rent. The house is to remain for the use of the poor". Note:- The original entry can now be viewed on ancestry.com
[WILLS] (1). Overseer of Mathew CHUBB's will dated 21st June 1617;
(2) Will of Roger KETE Gentleman Dated 15 Mar 1619/20 - Codicil 9 Apr 1620 - Proved 5 July 1620 "Item: I give and bequeath Humphrey JOLIFFE Gentleman a great wine chest"
(3) Will of Margaret CHUBB (d.1628) Widow of Matthew CHUBB (d.1617) Goldsmith of Dorchester; Dated 18 April 1625 (Probate granted 14 May 1628 Ref PROB 11/153) "Item: I give unto Humfry JOLIFFE of the said Dorchester Gentleman my attorney whom I have found very careful and faithful in the following of my law business one hundred pounds so as he doth deliver or cause to be delivered to the executor of this my Last Will and Testament within three months next after my decease being thereunto requested all such deeds evidences Charters records Court Rolls writings scripts and investments of what nature and kind so ever which he hath in his own custody or otherwise disposed of which do concern me or my lands or any part thereof or any got of my estate and also be aiding and assisting to my said executors for the due performance of this my Last Will and Testament according to my true intent and meaning."
(4) 21 Apr 1666 - Letter of Administration for the estate of Christiana JOLYFFE of Dorchester granted to Henry Bestland Gent a credfitor
[WITNESSED] Will Nicholas Purchase 12 Mar 1619/20 ; Charter 687 10th June 1637 ; Charter 712 Indenture 23 Mar 1640 ;
[WW] Page 178 Summary:- JOLLIFFE, Humphrey (c1583-1653) Lawyer in Dorchester. Steward of manors of Sir Edward Lawrence 1627-31. Mayor 1633 {Note this is incorrect it was William JOLIFFE who was Mayor in 1633]. Investor in the Dorchester Company. Also page 78 of Diary "In this month the privy seales came abroad of which 152 were for Dorset and in them 9 for Dorchester, Som [i.e. sum] £100 [of which Humphrey Joliffe paid £10] JOHN JOPE - [Merchant] of Plymouth. Married Elizabeth Davis, Trinity Church, Dorchester 22 Sept. 1573. Will (PCC 3 St. John) proved by Elizabeth relict 26 Jan. 1630/1. [Perhaps the Mr. Jope mentioned in the will of Matthias Nicholles]. [Entry 50 in listing] [MR] Phillimore's Marriage Registers, published in 1909 show that a John [J] UP & Elizabeth DAVIS were married 25-Jan 1573 Holy Trinity Dorchester - See marriage for notes on contents of his will.
[PRO] Will of John Jope, Merchant of Plymouth, Devon; Probate granted 26 jan 1631: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: St. John Quire Numbers: 1 - 68: PROB Ref 11/159 THOMAS KETE of Chesselborne [Gentleman], son of Edward Kete d ante 1663 [John Keye was a member of the New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 69 in listing] [DV] Grandson of Richard Kete of Chesselborne & Eva Medon. Son of Edward Kete of Chesselborne & Christian Moore of Shillingford. Married Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stoite of Milton Dorset. DV Ref Page 61 GILBERT LODER - [Attorney] b c. 1590. Bur. [St Peter's] 5 Dec. 1656, [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Will [P.C.C. 90 Ruthyn] [Gilbert Loder of Dorchester gent., In 1636 claimed that in 1634 he possessed a cow, a calf, and a steer depasturing in New England, in charge of Nicholas Upsall, a kinsman of George Way. These were taken over and sold by Way. [Court of Requests, Charles 1 bundle 88 [P.P.] ]
[Entry 11 in listing] [JOS] On 20 May 1636 he sued Nicholas Upsall, for pasturing cattled claimed by him.
[QS] Shown as a regular practising case lawyer 1627-1634 inc before the Quarter Sessions in Blandford, Dorchester, Sherborne, Beaminster, etc
[PRO] Will of Gilbert Loder, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset, probate granted 12 Mar 1657; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Ruthen Quire Numbers: 51 - 103: PROB Ref 11/262
[NBI] Gilbert LODER buried Dorchester Dorset Parish of St Peters in the year 1656 no exact date given WILLIAM LODER son of John Loder, bpt at Stinsford 20 April 1570, Married (1) Anne Watts, 1 May 1580 (2) Elizabeth Denit, 28 July 1589. [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 5 in listing] JOHN LONG - [Bookseller] of Dorchester. d.20 Dec. 1632. First Governor of the Freemen of Dorchester(1), 1629. His son John Long carried on the business and sold Rev. John White's works.
[Entry 43 in listing]
NOTE:- (1). See research document - he was also Governor in 1627 under the Charter granted to Dorchester by James I, but Rose Troup refers to the new Charter drawn up in 1629 under Charles I where it states " John LONG of Dorchester shall be the first Governor to continue in office until Monday after Michaelmas & to be sworn before the Mayor".
See Research Document on John LONG [LONGE] families in Dorchester
Sources:- FFH pages 225 & 236: MRD pages 59, 82, 340, 367, 393, 395/6, 408/9, 413, 427, 642, 692, 694, 716: PRO Possible probate granted 20 Sep 1633 for a Will of John Longe or Long but does not give any location ; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury; Name of Register: Russell Quire Numbers: 58 - 117: PRPB Ref 11/164: WW p39, 48, 54, 75, 92, 106, 115, 125-127, 179. JOSEPH LONG - [Gentleman] of Sidbury, Devon [? Held land in Broadmayne and had a son William whose son Joseph Long emigrated to New England].
[Entry 106 in listing] [JOS] Sidbury, Devon (15 m. E of Exeter), and a few miles from Salcombe Regis. Joseph Long, married Mary Lane, dau. of William Lane of Beaminster, who came to New England on the ship "Hopewell", 1635. Bill of Derby vs. Long, et al, 29 Sept. 1655--Joseph Long, gent, now deceased settled lands in Broad Magna, Dorset, on his son William Longe. Matthew Derby of Dorchester, gent, claimed William Longe, granted the premises to him before June, 1654. Respondents were William Longe, Richard Savaze and Josiah Terry of Dorchester, habadasher. HENRY MABER - [Clothier]. Son of Marshall Maber of Hillfield in Sydling. [Source Rev RG Bartelot] b. 2 Dec. 1588, Sydling. Married [St Peters] Mrs Martha Derbie, widow 4 Aug. 1657 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Bur. [St Peter's] Mr Henry Maber magistrate 2 Oct 1667 [Source rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 10 in listing] [JOS] Married Martha Joliffe Derby, widow of Matthew Derby, 4 Aug. 1657.
Henry MABER (1588-1667) He was baptised as Henry the youngest child of Marshall MABER of Hillfield on 2nd December 1588 in St Nicholas Church in the parish of Sydling St Nicholas located 8 miles north west of Dorchester. His father Marshall Maber married his mother Marie MITCHELL in St Mary's church in Charminster Dorset on 17 Nov 1577. He had an older brother William (1580) and two sisters Mary (1583) and Elizabeth (1585). A clothier by trade the Municipal Records show that he took on 4 apprentices in Dorchester (in 1623, 1629, 1631 and 1634) for 8 or 9 year terms to help in his business and learn the trade. He was elected constable of Dorchester on 2nd Oct 1626 and again the following year. He was appointed under the Charter of Charles I issued on 22 Sep 1629 as one of the original 24 members of the Common Council of Freemen and re-elected, in 1630 and 1633. He was also elected receiver of the company of Freemen in 1629 and Governor 1632-33. In 1629, whilst still a constable of Dorchester, he was accused of poaching by a local gentleman called John Williams the heir to the Herringstone estate and keeper of the King's game for the Royal Manor of Fordington. John Williams had himself stabbed a tapster to death at the George in 1623 but Maber was duly summoned to Whitehall. No formal complaint was made however so he returned home.
His father, also a clothier by trade was admitted Freemen of Dorchester 26 July 1632. On the 18th Sep 1635 Henry was elected Capital Burgess of Dorchester taking over from William Whiteway the diarist who died then. In 1635 he was also made Town Steward, before being chosen as Mayor in 1641. During the period 1648-49 he was Bailiff and on 1st Apr 1650 became Feoffee for the parsonage of Frome Whitfield before being elected as Mayor for second time on 3 October 1653. Rose Troup says he married in St peters church Dorchester on 4 Aug 1657 to the widow Martha DERBIE. If correct he would then have been 69 years old. He was buried in st peters church on 2nd Oct 1667. Sources: DD page 141: HACD: FFH pages 143,158,187: MRD pages 59, 83, 370, 373, 396, 399, 408, 413, 415, 424, 444, 454, 561, 624, 630, 649, 651, 652, 713,714, 716. OPC Charminster marriages & Sydling St Nicholas Baptisms: RT & Rev RG Bartelot - pages 40, 263 and 449: WW pages 85,92,99,113,125,134,157, 179: RICHARD MALLACK of Axmouth. Son of William Mallock of Axmouth. Married Joan dau. of John Yonge of Colyiton. Bur. 16 Sept. 1644. Adminstration of his estate to relict Joan 21 Feb. 1644/5.
[Entry 100 in listing] [JOS] (Mallocke) of Axmouth, Devon (5 m. W of Lyme Regis). Bu. 16 Sept. 1644. Married Joan Younge, dau. of John Yonge and Elizabeth Steere of Colliton. His brothers-in-law were Humphrey Cockeram, Robert Hill of Taunton, William Hill of Poundsford, William Fry of Yarby and Walter Younge. Humphrey Cockerman may be related to William Cockeram brother-in-law of John Miller. (Ref: Devon Visitations 1623, p. 52, Search Series Vol. 12, p. 15). HENRY MANIFORD of Long Burton.[Tanner?] Bur. 6 Dec. 1642. Will (PCC 240 Fines) 23 Apr. 1642, proved 20 Nov. 1647 .
[Entry 62 in listing] [MR] CLDS Extraction programme shows Henry MANIFORD married Joane BURTE on 4th Feb 1610 in Long Burton. Also shows baptisms of their children Joane 19 May 1615; Elizabeth 21 Oct 1618; John 26 Dec 1621 & his death 15 Jan 1622; John 26 sep 1623; Henry 19 Sep 1625; Hannah 19 May 1628; Samuel 29 Mar 1630; & Mary 1 Nov 1632.
[PRO] Will of Henry Mainford, Gentleman of Longburton, Dorset, probate granted 20 Nov 1647; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Fines Quire Numbers: 202 - 260: PROB Ref 11/202. Also Will of Joane MANIFORD Widow of Long urton Dorset, proved 14 Dec 1660 Nabbs Quire numbers 260-312 REf 11/302
[JOS] His daughter Mary married John Warren of Chiddington. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1677, p. 73) AMIAS MARTYN of Ireland.[Mercer] Son of Adam Martyn of Scaborough, Somerset.
[Entry 87 in listing][WW] MARTIN, Amias. Mercer of Seaborough, Somerset. Freeman of Dorhester 1623.Member of council of freemen 1626-27, 1629-30. JOSHUA MARTYN [Mercer] living about Yeavell (Yeovil?), in the County of Somerset.
[Entry 86 in listing] HENRY MASY of Kendall. [Clerk] B.c.1589. Of Broadgates Hall, from Devon. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Shafton St. Rumbold alias Cann, Dorset 1612-1622. Rector of Templecombe, Somerset 1613-1622.
[Entry 108 in listing] [OXA] MACY, Henry of Devon, pleb Broadgates Hall matriculated 11 July 1606 aged 17; MA from Wadham College 5 Jul 1614 (then in orders) Rector of Shafton St Rumbold alias Cann Dorset, 1612; and Rector of Temple or Abbas Combe Somerset 1614-36; father of henry & John 1634; JAMES MEWS - Of Caundle Purse Manor House, Dorset, son of Ellis Mew, brother of Dr. Peter Mew, Bishop of Winchester. [Entry 68 in listing] GILES MILLER (Meller) - [Gentleman] 6th son of Sir John Meller of Came. and brother of Sir Robert Meller. d before 1634 [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 40 in listing] [DV] Grandson of John Miller of Came & Jane daughter of Robert Cockeran in Collompton; 6th son of John Miller of Came & Anne daughter of Giles Winterhay of Chethall in Dorset. Brother of Sir Robert Miller of Came a Knight. ROBERT MILLER -[Felt maker] Of Bridport. Married Cicelie .Bd. [of plague] bur. 21 Sept. 1626. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] Will 1626 (PCC 145 Hale).
[Entry 33 in listing] [PRO] Will of Robert Millar, Feltmaker of Bridport, Dorset: Probate 23 Dec 1626: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Hele Quire Numbers: 109 - 154: PROB Ref 11/150 WALTER NEWBURG [Clerk] - b.1596, Married (1) Katherine Strode of Stoke Abbas. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] (2) Jane dau. of John Brown of Frampton, [ she remarried Dr. John Stoughton] Of Hart Hall, from Dorset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 27 May 1631 Bur. 2 Jun 1631 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Will (P.C.C. 111 Audley) pro. 7 Nov 1632. Rector of Symondsbury Dorset 1624-32.
[Entry 38 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Walter NEWBURGH Esq(1595-1631) MATTHIAS NICHOLLES - [Clerk] b. c.1586. of New College Oxford from Bucks Gentleman [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Brother of Ferdinando Nicholls. d. 15 Aug. 1631[Source Whiteways diary] Will (PCC 107 St. John) pro. 10 Oct. 1631. Rector of Mells, Somerset, installed 4 Jan. 1619. [His successor was inst. 29 Feb 1620] Minister of God's Word at Plymouth, Devon 1630 ' Witnessed will of John White's father].
[Entry 47 in listing] Matthias (Matheus & Mathew) NICHOLLS [NICOLLS] (1587-1631) The elder of two known sons of a Buckinghamshire Gentleman born there c1587.
Matthias was educated at the same university as the Rev. John WHITE (1574/5-1648) matriculating at New College Oxford on 31st Oct 1606 at the impressionable age of 19. John White had probably only just left Oxford when Matthias arrived, leaving behind him a considerable reputation at the university as a charismatic puritan preacher. Matthias was awarded a Bachelor of Canon Law on 5 May 1614 and must have been befriended by the Patriarch's father (also John WHITE 1550-1618), as he was a witness to his will which was written at Staunton St John on 30 Sep 1616. It is not surprising therefore to find him following in the patriarch's footsteps receiving a licence to preach in 1619 and being presented to the living at Mells in Somerset on 14th January 1620 after the death of the previous rector William HILL. He did not stay long however as a new rector Henry Ancketill was appointed on 27 Feb 1621 shortly before Matthias was awarded his Bachelor of Divinity on 11 July 1621. He then, according to his will, seems to have become a "Preacher of God's word" in Plymouth Devon.
He married a Martha and is said to have had the following children all baptised in St Andrews church Plymouth John (bap 20 Mar 1621 -bur 14 Sep 1631) Joanna (bap 24 Sep 1623); Matthias (bap 29 Mar 1626); Samuel (bap 17 Jul 1628) and Hanna (bap 15 Dec 1631). Matthias remained throughout in close contact with John WHITE supporting his schemes for emigration and becoming one of the 119 investors in the Dorchester Company in 1624.
His younger brother Ferdinando NICHOLLS (1598-1662) became assistant to Rev. John WHITE from 1625 to August 1627 and according to Rose Troup in her book on John WHITE, Ferdinando 'advanced to a form of Puritanism of a more violent character'.
In March 1630 Matthias greeted passengers of the "Mary & John" (the ship chartered by John WHITE) just before they set sail for New England. They assembled together with John WHITE in Plymouth for a farewell service in the "New Hospital", evidently known as the Hospital of the Poor Portion, a recently founded Puritan institution on the lines of the Hospital in Dorchester, a place for 'setting children to work' and for 'aged people to inhabit'.
Matthias died in Plymouth on 15 July 1631 leaving a Will which was proved on 10 October that year in which he left money to puritan charitable institutions in Plymouth and £13 'unto the common stock for New England, towards the advancement of that plantation'. On 12th April 1634 his widow Martha was another of those that settled in Dorchester seeking the comfort and protection of John White.
Genealogical Notes:-
Sources: CCED; CLDS members entry: OXA; PRO Ref Prob 11/160: RT23,199 411,453; WW 117,143,180; EDWARD PELE - Of Compton Valence. [Clerk] B. c.1582, Of Queens College, Oxford, from Cumberland. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 6 May 1643. [Source Rev.RG.Bartelot] Will proved by relict Alice, Aug. 1643 (PCC Fairfax) Vicar of Fordington , 1617, Rector of Compton Valence, installed 28 Jun. 1629. [Entry 61 in listing]
[MR] See Separate Biography on this site.Rev. Edward PELE (1582-1643) THOMAS PELHAM, Esq. - Of Compton Valence. Son of Herbert Pelham of Compton Valence by his 2nd wife Eliz. West eldest dau of Lord de la Warre. Married Blanche dau. of Robert Eyre 4 Sept 1620.
[Entry 70 in listing] [DV] Grandson of Anthony Pelham of Sussex. Son of Herbert Pelham of Michellham Sussex by his 2nd wife Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Delaware. Thomas Pelham then [1623] of Compton Vallence married Blanch daughter of Robert Eyre of Wells in Somerset. DV Ref Page 75
[WW] PELHAM, Thomas. Of Compton Valence, Dorset. Captain in Dorset Militia 1622-29. JOHN PITT - [Merchant] Of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. Will proved 1626 (PCC 22 Hele).
[Entry 41 in listing] [DV] PITT, John : Alderman of Melcombe Regis, Dorset, 1623. (DV Ref Page 2)
[PRO] Will of John Pitt, Merchant of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, Dorset; probate granted 10 Fen 1626; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Hele Quire Numbers: 1 - 56; PROB Ref 11/148
[WW] PITT, John (c1547-1627). Merchant and shipowner of Lanehouse, Bridport and Weymouth. Mayor of Weymouth 1618 and MP for Poole 1623.Investor in Newfoundland fishing trade and Dorchester Company. Brother to diarist's maternal grandmother. Married Agnes Davidge. Children included Joseph, alice (d. 1626) and Phineas. MATHEW PITT [Merchant] son of Richard Pitt of Crickett Malherbe, Somerset. d.18 Apr. 1624, London.[Source Whiteways diary] Will (P.C.C. 97 Byrde) 10 Oct 1623 pro. by relict Philippa 19 Nov 1624, who was dau of Robert Welsteed [Father of Philippa Pitt] Member of Melcombe Regis
[Entry 42 in listing] [JOS] son of Richard Pitt of Crickett Malherbe, Somerset, and Margaret Bailey. D. 18 Apr. 1624, London. Married (1) Christian Barnard, dau. of John Barnard of Shepton Mallet, and (2) Phillips Welsteed, dau. of Robert Welsteed.
[DV] PITT, Mathew: Alderman of Melcombe Regis, 1623. DV Ref Page 2.
[PRO] Will of Mathew Pitt, Merchant of Cricket Malherbie, Somerset; probate granted 19 Nov 1624; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Byrde Quire Numbers: 66 - 118; PROB Ref 11/144
[WW] PITT, Matthew. (d.1624) Merchant of Weymouth. MP 1621 and 1624. Described by diarist as "cousin". NICHOLAS POLDEN - Of Caundle
[Entry 77 in listing] ELIZABETH POOLE of Seaton Devon dau. of Sir William Poole bp 25 Aug 1588. d.21 May 1654 Emigrated to New England with her brother William
[Entry 102 in listing] [JOS] of Seaton Devon (B m. W of Lyme Regis). Elizabeth came on the ship "Speedwell" with Walter Deane, brother-in-law of Elder John Strong, Henry Cogan brother-in-law of John Whetcombe. (See John Poole, below). JOHN POOLE - Baronett of Colcomb, Devon. B.c.1586, d. 16 April 1658, son of Sir William Poole the Antiquary. MP for Devon 1626. Created Baronet 12 Sep 1628.
[Entry 97 in listing] [JOS] Married (1) Elizabeth How, dau. of Roger How and Jane Symes, his stepsister. (2) Mary widow of John Lechland M.P. for Devon, 1626. Created Baronet 12 Sept. 1628. Sir John Poole, Baronet and his brother, Perian (below), were brothers of Elizabeth Poole and William Poole. William was in Dorchester, MA and moved to Taunton about 1637. (Ref: See Vivian's Visitations of Devon, p. 603) . PERIAM POOLE, [Gentleman] - Of High Haine near Moreton Hampstead, son of Sir William Poole, bpt. 16 Apr. 1592. Buried 29 Aug. 1642, . Will (Exeter) proved 21 Oct. 1642.
[Entry 99 in listing] [JOS] brother of Sir John Poole, Elizabeth Poole, and William Poole. Married Dorothy Hippesley. Matriculated Exeter College, Oxford? 3 Nov. 1609, BA, 12 Dec. 1609, Student Inner Temple 1612. THOMAS PURCHASE - then of Dorchester.? Son of Oliver Purchase [Source Rev RG Bartelot] b. c.1578. d. 11 May 1678 aged 101. Emigrated to New England where he was partner with his brother-in-law George Way in the Bishopsgate grant. [In one list Sir Martyn Thomas replaces Thomas Purchase.]
[Entry 56 in listing] [JOS] B. 1577, d. 11 May 1678, age 101, Lynn, MA. Married (1) Mary Grove, cousin of Sir Christopher Gardiner and (2) Elizabeth Andrews Pike, 1657, b. 1633, dau. of Samuel Andrews and Jane of Saco, ME, widow of Richard Pike of Falmouth, ME. His widow married John Blaney. Between 1625 and 1629 he settled in Maine and engaged in the fur trade. He was the partner [and brother-in-law] of George Way in the Pegyscott grant in 1632. In 1635 he was one of Gorges' Council, (see John Humphrey). Held the office of Assistant to the Colony Commissioners. Justice in 1664. In 1675 his house was attacked by Indians and he removed to Lynn, MA. In his will he called Oliver Purchase and Edward Allen, cousin[meaning nephews][Edward Allen married a daughter of George Way]. George Way called him brother. In 1639 Rev. Robert Jordain joined him in Brunswick, MA, who was called his kinsman. (Ref: Trelwany Papers, p. 237). He is the brother of Aquila Purchase and Joan Purchase of Dorchester (b. 1578), wife of Bernard Capen, dau. of Oliver Purchase and Thomasine Harris. They were the parents of Susan--Capen (wife of William Rockwell) and Dorothy Capen (wife of Nicholas Upsall), "Mary & John" passengers. Joan and Bernard Capen came to Dorchester, MA about 1633. ROBERT RAW - Of Bettiscombe [Gentleman] Mar. Elizabeth dau Francis Hardy gent, of Upsidling Dorset. Bir. (Bridport) 19 May 1646 [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 71 in listing]Of Bettiscombe (8 m. NW of Bridport). Married Elizabeth Hardy, dau. of Francis Hardy of Up Sydling, Dorset (8 m. NW of Dorchester). Agnis Ray, dau. of John Raw of Bettiscombe married Robert Morgan,, son of Henry Morgan and Catherine Strobridge. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1623, p. 73). JOHN RAYMOND - possibly of London. [Entry 117 in listing] WILLIAM ROYDON - of Fordington , Dorset. Mrs. Rodden buried. at Fordington , 18 Apr. 1638; Christina Rowden and Ambrose Way married 18 Apr. 1631, Fordington . [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 49 in listing] [MR] Fordington burial Register has an entry for Mrs RADDEN being buried on 18th April 1638. Marriage is confirmed by transcription of Parish Registers for Fordington by Phillimore & Edmund Nevill, Volume IV Published 1909 and amended from Bishops Transcripts by me. JOHN SACHEVERELL, [Clerk] - Of Stoke, son of John Sacheverell of Buckland, Dorset. [Source Dorset Visitation] Rector of East Stoke. Ancester of the famous Dr.Sacheverall ] [Probably he read the articles against Featley at Lambeth]
[Entry 57 in listing] [CCED] SACHEVERELL, Johannes appointed Curate of Beere Regis Dorset and ordained deacon 25 sep 1636. Ordained priest 24 Sep 1637; instituted as Rector of Langton Matravers Dorset 19 Mar 1646.
[DV] Grandson of Christian and Isabell Sacheverall of Chantmarrell Dorset; Son of John Dacheverall of Buckland Dorset & Anne daughter of Thomas Jessop of Chilcomb Dorset; Rector of East Stoke Dorset married Deborah Dale. Had son John born c1613 [See OXA below]
[OXA] SACHEVERELL, John son of John of East Stoke Dorset; sacred.New Inn Hall Oxford; matriculated 1 Feb 1632/33 aged 18; BA 3 Jul 1636; Rector of Langton Matravers Dorset 1646; and of Rimpton Somerset 1653; (his father formerly Cheverell Rector of East Stoke 1614, son of John Cheverell of Buckland Dorset); served the cure of donative of Wincanton, silenced 1662, died Dorchester Goal; brother of Timothy and grandfather of Henry1689 JOHN SAVAGE
[Entry 46 in listing] RICHARD SAVAGE - [ Woolen draper] bu. 2 Aug. 1669, St. Peter's Church, Dorchester. Mr. Richard Savage magistrate.
[Entry 20 in listing] [DV] SAVAGE/ SAVIDGE/ The great grandson of Richard Savage of Bloxworth & Agnes Willis of Piddletrethide. Grandson of William Savage of Bloxworth & Petronell daughter of Robert Welsted of Wimborne Minster; son of George Savage of Bloxworth & Mary daughter & heir of Ashley of Sherborne; married to Dorothie daughter of William Hardye of Becksington [DV3 Bexington in Abbotsbury] Dorset. His brother William son and heir to his fathers estate was a counsellor of law at the Middle Temple [DV ref page 83]
[DV3] SAVAGE The pedigree of George Savage of Bloxworth & Mary Ashley. Shows a second marriage for his son Richard to a Mary (surname not given) States Richard buried Dewlish 17 June 1668 (also shown in NBI) and wife Mary 17 Sep 1639 (also shown in NBI as Marie Savage). Three children William bap 21 Sep 1637; Elizabeth bap 14 June 1636 & Bridget bap 1 Sep 1644. [Note:- OPC Parish register very poor quality but confirms Elizabeth d.o. Richard Savage Bap 1637]
[WW] SAVAGE, Richard (d.1669). Woolen Draper of Bloxworth. Assistant to governor of freemen 1624-25, 1627-28. Bailiff 1630-31, 1634-35. Mayor 1639-40, 1651-52. Governor of hospital 1634. Investor in Dorchester Company. Captain in militia for Parliament in Civil War. brother of William, counsellor-at-law.
[WW] Diary dates: 01 Oct 1619 present at naming of WW brother James Whiteway : 30 Sep 1622 Chosen Constable: 6 Oct 1623 Chosen Constable: 12 Apr 1633 Feoffee of the lands of All Saints: 22 Sept 1628 Mr Richard Savage was chosen to be of the Company in stead of Mr Richard Bushrod deceased
[HD] - By new Charter for Dorchester issued by Charles I on 22 Dec 1630 listed as Capital burgess
[MR] His burial is listed in the National Burial Index under Richard SAVAAGE on 7th Aug 1669. The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset by John HUTCHINS shows him as Mayor of Dorchester in 1639; 1651 and 1660. Mayo in the Municipal Records of Dorchester refers to Mr Richard Savage chosen Mayor Oct 6 1651.His brother William Savage is shown in the Oxford Alumni :- of Dorset gent, Exeter College matriculated 30 Oct 1607 aged 16; student Middle Temple 1614; [DV3] Barrister MT 1621 Sheriff 1647 son and heir of George Savage of Bloxworth; married Joane daughter of Richard Page of Uxendon in ye parish of Harrow on the hill in Middlesex. Father of George 1651. SIR ARTHUR SMYTHES, Knight - Came to Dorchester to dwell with his family 8 Mar. 1623/4 with his household.[source Whiteways diary] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 107 in listing] [WW] Diary dates: 08 March 1624 Sir Arthur SMIITHEYES came to this town to dwell with his houshold - 31 Mar 1624 were the comittes chosen for the New England busynesse at the free schole - included Sir Arthur Amitheys. HENRY SMITH - living in New England [Probably went to Dorchester Mass in the Mary & John though not mentioned on list. His mother who married Dr Tobiah Sandford is said by Whiteway to have gone in April 1630. She married as her third husband William Pyncheon and this son Henry Smith migrated to Springfield with them].
[Entry 112 in listing] [JOS] Went to Dorchester, MA in 1630. His mother,Frances, married Dr. Tobiah Sanford She married, as her third husband, William Pynchon and Henry removed to Springfield with them. Henry came (second crossing?) on the "Speedwell" in 1637. William Pynchon and Henry Smith returned to England. WILLIAM SMITH - Of Winterbourne, St. Martyn.
[Entry 55 in listing] JOHN SNOOKE Of Temple Combe [Sidesman of Templecombe Church 1608 - [S.&D.N.&Q.,VIIp233]
[Entry 80 in listing] Temple Combe (12 m. E of Yeovil) .A James Snooke came to Weymouth, MA. JOHN SNOOKE. Of Temple Combe - May be the same as entry 80 in the listing or he may be the John Snook of St. Clements Danes, London. Citizen and merchant taylor whose will is dated 17 Aug. 1665, he had lands in Virginia and mentions a cousin Robert Snook of Salisbury.
[Entry 95 in listing] MR note there is a John snook married HT 1647???
[PRO] Will of John Snooke, Merchant Tailor of Saint Clement Danes, Probate dated 1 sep 1665 : Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Hyde Quire Numbers: 57 - 107: PROB Ref 11/317 THOMAS SOUTHCOTT, Esq. - Of Mohuns Ottery. Son of George Southcott of Bovey. Married Katherine dau. of Sir William Pole of Colyton.
[Entry 104 in listing] Mohuns Ottery, is in the Parish of Luppitt , Devon
[JOS] Son of George Southcott of Bovey Tracy and Elizabeth Seymour, dau. of Sir Henry Seymour. Married Katherine Pole, dau. of Sir William Pole and Mary Periam, bpt. 20 Aug. 1587. (Ref: Devon Visitations 1620, p. 60c).
"Sir Peter Carew was the most celebrated member of a very gifted race, and with his death in 1575 the senior branch of an extremely gifted family became extinct. Sir Peter's only sister, Cecily, inherited Mohun's Ottery. She was the wife of Thomas Kirkham, and their daughter and heiress, Thomasine, carried the property on her marriage to a family named Southcote. The house was sold in 1678 by Thomas Southcote, who died on 19 Sept 1699 and lies buried in the nave of the little village church of Monkton on the southern side of the Vale of Otter." WILLIAM SPERING -[ Gentleman] . b.c. 1580, Bur. I Sept. 1654, St. Peter's Church, Dorchester. Son of Thomas Spering.
[Entry 24 in listing] [PRO] Will of William Speringe or Spering, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset; 24 Nov 1654; Probate granted :Name of Register: Alchin Quire Numbers: 410 - 462 Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, PROB Ref 11/241 GILES STOODLY, the younger [Gentleman] Of Broade Windsor
[Entry 66 in listing] SIR RICHARD STRODE, [Knight] of Charlmington, Dorset and Newham Devon.Bp. 1 July 1584. Bu. 9 Oct. 1669. Will dated 20 July 1669, proved 27 July 1670 (PCC Penn). M.P. for Beer Alston, for Bridport, and for Plympton.[New England Planters Parliament] [Entry 51] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site.Sir Richard STRODE (1584-1670) Knight of Charlmington JOHN TERRY - [Clerk] b 1555. Rector of Stockton, Wiltshire 1589. Brother-in-law of John White. [MR Note also : Page 406: Mary White (born about 1570 Stanton St John) buried 17 Oct 1637 married c.1591 John Terry, son of Stephen Terry, born c.1555; Rector of Stockton Wilts., 1590; died 10 May 1625. had 6 children Stephen 1592; John; Samuel 1595; Josiah 1597; Nathaniel 1599; Stephen 1608]
[Entry 31 in listing] [MR] John TERRY [TERRYE or TIRRYE] (1555-1625)
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THE TOMB OF GENERAL "LIGHT HORSE HARRY" LEE AT DUNGENESS.
Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials and Legends
COMPLETE IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME I
(ILLUSTRATED)
BY
LUCIAN LAMAR KNIGHT
CM. A., Prineetoii)" COMPILER OF THE STATE RECORDS OF GEORGIA
Author of "Reminiscences of Famous Georgians," in two volume; "A Biographical Dictionary of Southern Authors"; "Historical Side-Lights "; Etc.
EDITION DE LUXE FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION
THE BYRD PRINTING COMPANY
STATE PRINTERS "
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 1913
Copyright, 1013 LTJCIAN -LAMAR RNIGHT
MAR
DEDICATED
TO THE PATRIOTIC WOMEN OF GEORGIA WITH WHATEVER ORGANIZATION OH ORDER CONNECTED IN THE LEXICON OF WHOSE LOVE THERE IS NO SUCH WORD AS FORGET; WHOSE UNWEARIED EFFORTS TO RESCUE FROM OBLIVION THE FAD ING RECORDS OF OCR GREAT COMMONWEALTH HAVE MADE THEM IN A PECULIAR SENSE THE GUARDIANS OF GEORGIA'S IMMORTALITY; WHO, REACHING BACK TO COLONIAL TIMES, HAVE TAUGHT tJS THE SOLEMN RESPONSIBILITIES OF A VIC TORIOUS FLAG; WHO COMING DOWN TO CONFEDERATE DAYS, HAVE TAUGHT TJS THE NO LESS SACRED OBLIGATIONS OF A CONQUERED BANNER; WHO, WITH A MISER'S GREED BUT WITH A VESTAL'S HOLT CARE, HAVE HOARDED EVERY YELLOW GRAIN OF GEORGIA'S SHINING DUST; WHO, IN RECOVERING HER LOST GEMS, IN DEEPENING HER OBSCURED EPITAPHS, AND IN KEEP ING VIGIL AT HER HALLOWED SHRINES OF DEPARTED GREAT NESS, HAVE SWEETENED THE MEMORIES OP AN EMPIRE STATE WITH THE FRAGRANT SOUL OP AN IMPERIAL WOMANHOOD; AND WHOSE MISSION, IN AN AQE OF COMMERCE, MAMMON-MAD, IB TO REMIND THE PRESENT THAT LITTLE IN THE WAY OF LIFE'S TRUE RICHES CAN BE PROMISED TO US BY A FUTURE, HOW EVER GOLBEN, AT THE EXPENSE OF AN UNREMEMBERED PAST.
PREFACE
To the task of compiling this work, the leisure hoxirs of a somewhat busy lif.e have been devoted, for the past four yea**s. During this period of time, every section of the State has been visited in person by the author. He has delved into the court house records kept at the most important county-seats in Geor gia; has gone through the files of old newspapers; has bent over crumbling tombstones in ancient church-yards and burialgrounds to decipher the almost obliterated epitaphs; and, leaving the beaten highways of travel, has followed the obscure bridle paths into many an unfrequented nook and corner of the State. Something- over one hundred libraries have been consulted, in addition to which thousands of letters have been written. There is not a patriotic society in Georgia which has not contributed substaiitially to the progress of this undertaking. Much of the rare information contained in White's two priceless volumes long since out of print has been transferred to this work, with due credit; while the essential portions of Sherwood's quaint little Gazetteer have likewise been embodied in ' * GEORGIA *s LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS. ''
It was the author's plan originally to restrict the present work to a single volume of six hundred pages. But the magni tude of the field was not realized in this ea.rly forecast; and to adhere to this original purpose would mean the sacrifice of more than half of the materials gathered through long and patient research. Two volumes, therefore, each of them con taining one thousand pages, will be required to meet the neces sary demands of this work. However, by eliminating an agent's commission, the cost of each volume is reduced to a nominal sum and placed within the means of every one who cherishes a just pride in the history of our great State. The first volume, wMch appears at this time, is divided into two parts, one of -which is entitled: ''Landmarks and Memorials," while the other con tains "Historical Outlines, Original Settlers, and Distinguished Residents of the Counties of Georgia." The second volume -by far the richer of the two will be apportioned into eight parts
vi
PREFACE
as follows: 1. "Landmarks and Memorials;" 2. "Duels Fought by Noted Georgians;" 3. "Historic Burial-Grounds, Epitaphs, and Inscriptions;" 4. "Personal Recollections, Anecdotes, and Reminiscences;" 5. "Myths and Legends of the Indians;" 6. '' Tales of the Revolutionary Camp-Fires;" 7. " Georgia Miscel lanies;" and 8. an "Analytical Index," containing every im portant name in any wise connected with Georgia's history, Colonial, Revolutionary, and Commonwealth.
On the very threshold of this work, the author desires to make grateful acknowledgements to those who from the start have given him not only sympathetic encouragement but sub stantial help, and whose generous co-operation, at each stage of the undertaking, has made an otherwise arduous task compara tively light. The list includes: Mrs. J. L. Walker, of Waycross, whose research work on the subject of Georgia's buried towns has placed the whole State under obligations to her patriotic pen; Miss Mildred Rutherford, of Athens, Historian-General, U. T>. C., whose authoritative writings have furnished a library of information, especially on topics pertaining to the "War of Secession; Miss Annie M. Lane, of "Washington, Regent Kettle Creek Chapter, I). A. R., to ^ whom I am indebted for much of the data contained in this work, relating to the historic old county of Wilkes;. Colonel A. Gordon Cassels, of Savannah, who accompanied me on a personal visit to the famous Midway District, on the Georgia Coast; Mrs. Sheppard W. Foster, of Atlanta, State Regent, D. A. R., who has given me an abundance of rare information, especially in regard to the graves of Revo lutionary soldiers; Mrs. John M. Graham, of Marietta, former State Regent, D. A. R.; Miss Ruby Felder Ray, State His torian, D. A. R.; Hon. Otis Ashemore, of Savannah, Corre sponding Secretary of the Georgia Historical Society and Superintendent of the Public Schools of Chatham; Hon. Wymberley Jones DeRenne. of Wormsloe, who possesses the rarest collection of Georgia books and manuscripts in existence; Judge Walter G. Oharlton, of Savannah; Right Reverend Benjamin J. Keiley, Bishop of the Roman Catholic See of Savannah; Hon. Emory Speer, of Macon, Judge of the Federal Court for the
Southern District of Georgia; Mrs. Ella B. Salter, Hepzibah, Ga.; Mrs. Joseph S. Harrison, of Columbus, State Editor,
PBEFACB
Vti
D. A. R.; Mrs. H. M. Franklin, of Tennille, State Editor, U. D. C.; Mrs. Maiide Barker Cobb, State Librarian of Georgia; Miss Katharine H. Wootten, of Atlanta, Librarian of the Cai'negie Library; Mrs. Richard P. Brooks, of Forsyth, Regent Piedmont Continental Chapter, D. A. R.; Mrs. Jarnes Silas Wright, of Brunswick, Regent Brunswick Chapter, P. A. R.; Miss Helen M. Prescott, of Atlanta, Genealogist Joseph Habersham Chapter, D. A .R,; Mrs. Walter S. Wilson, of Savannah ; Mrs. Richard Spencer, of Columbus; Mrs. H. H. Tift, of Tifton; Miss Mary Crawford Hornady, of Dawson; Mrs. R. H. Hardaway, of Newnan; Mrs. E. G. Nix, of LaGrange; Miss Nora Jones, of Elberton; Mrs. C. K. Henderson, of Lafayette; Mrs. S. J. Jones, of Albany; Mrs. Jeff Davis, of Quitman; Mrs. J. S. Betts, of Ashburn; Miss Julia King, of Colonel's Island; Miss Belle Bayless, of Kingston; Miss Martha Reid Robinson, of Newnan; Miss Maud Clark Penn, of Monticello; Mrs. Rebecca L. Nesbitt, of Marietta; Mrs. Harriet Gould Jefferies, of Augusta; Mrs. Henry Bryan, of Dillon: Mrs. W. C. Hightower, of Thomaston; M'rs. E; W. Bellamy, of Macon; Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan, of Atlanta, former Regent Atlanta. Chapter, D. A. R.; Mrs. Sandford Gardner, of Augusta; Miss Addie Bass, of Clarkesville; Mrs. Kate H. Fort, of Chattanooga, Tenn.; Miss Martha Berry, of Rome, founder of the famous Berry School; Hon. Philip Cook, Secretary of State -, Hon. Joseph. H. Lumpkin, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia; Hon. Gordon Lee, of Chickamauga, Member of Congress; Hon. William H. Fleming, of Augusta, Ex-Member of Congress; Hon. Paul B.
Trammell, of Palton; Dr. William B. Crawford, of Lincolnton; Major James M. Couper, of Atlanta; Hon. Walter E. Steed, of Butler; Judge W. L. Phillips, of Louisville; Mr. James T. Vbcelle, of St. Mary's; Hon. Q. L. Williford, of Madison; Hon. Lawtori B. Evans, of Augusta, Superintendent of Public Schools and Secretary of Board of Education; Hon. Charles Edgeworth Jones, of Augusta; Colonel Charles J. Swift, of Columbus; Dr. George G. Smith, of Macon; Prof. Joseph T. Derry, of Atlanta; Major Charles W. Hubner, of Atlanta; Hon. Thomas W. Reed, of Athens; Hon. A. Pratt Adams, of* Savannah.; Hon. E. H. Abrahams, of Savannah; Hon. Noel P. Park, of Greensboro; Hon. F. 33. Twitty, of Brunswick; Hon. LJ. A. Whipple, of
VTIT
P.BJS.1TAOE
Hawkinsville , Hon. Warren Grice, of TTa ivkinsville; Hon. C. M. Candler, of Decatur; Judge C. W. Smith, of Reidsville; Mr.
B. H. Groover, of Reids-ville; Hon. J. "W. Whitely, of Gibson; Dr. W. B. Burroughs, of Brnnswick; Dr. W. B. Cheatham, of Dawson; Capt. Thad Adams, of Mem)trie; Hon. W. "W. Stevens, of
Maysville; Dr. Howard Felton, of Cartersville; Dr. K. J. Massey, of Atlanta; Judg'e Joseph Bogle, of l")alton; Colonel John R. Maddox, of Decatur; Hon. "William H. Hayne, of Augusta; Hon.
Joseph F. Gray, of Sa,vamiah; Rev. A. W. Bealer, of Eastman ; Hon. Julian B. McCurry, of Hartwell; Judge "W. *, Hodges,
of Hartwell; Mr. H. C. Bagley, of Atlanta; Mr. P. M. Nixon, of Borne; Hon. D. S. Sauford, of Milledgeville; Hon. "Walter
A. Clark, of Augusta; Mr. Mark A. Candler, of Atlanta; Hon.
Drew W. Paulk, of Fitzgerald; Hon. J. H. Powell, of Camilla; Judge J. A. Cromartie, of Hazlehurst; Judge P. H. Herring, of Cairo; Mr. Fo3ks Huxford, of Homerville; Mr. P. H. Comas,
of Basley; Mr. C. S. Grice, of Claxton ; Mr. J. J. Gilbert, of Columbus; Hon. M- M. Moore, of Columbus; Hon. Peter W.
Meldrim, of Savannah; Judge'Horace M. Holden, of Augusta; Miss Eliza F. Andrews, of Rome, formerly of "Washington, one
of the South fs most distinguished educators and writers; Mrs. M. A. Lipscomb, of Athens; Mrs. J. A. Montgomery, of Bruns wick; Mrs. F. D. Aiken, of BriTnswick; Miss Caroline Patterson,
of Macon; Dr. W. B. Cheatham, of Dawson, Ordinary of Terrell; Mr. George C. Smith, of Lexirigton; Mrs. J. J. Smith, of Lexingtoii; Capt. C. S. Wylly, of Brunswick; Miss Elizabeth Conger, of
Canon; Mrs. W. T. Hardeo, of Quitman; Judge C. M. Wise, of Fitzgerald; Mr. J. J. Taylor. of Cochran; the late Hon. Hugh Neisler, of Butler; and a multitude of others. Without the
generous help of these patriotic Georgians to whom T hold myself an obliged debtor for unnumbered courtesies this task could never have been prosecuted to completion. The short comings of the work are mine. Whatever it possesses of merit belongs to those from whom I have unremittingly received the most indulgent favors, and whose considerate and courteous
treatment has been a perennial source of inspiration to the author.
ATLANTA, GA.; March 25, 1913.
XJTJCIAN IJAMAR KNIGTIT.
CONTENTS
PART ONE.
LANDMARKS AND MEMORIALS.
CH^PTKR I___ .,, .___Dungeness; The Bivouac; of "Light Horse Harry" Lee for Nearly a Century_.-___,,__-__-__-___ 1
CHAPTER II ,,- _______ Jefferson Davis's Arrest at Irwinville: The True Story of a Dramatic Episode__^__.___-_-., 13
CHAPTER III __,,___ .The Old Creek Indian Agency: Where a Forgot ten Patriot Sleeps_,,__,,_____.______..__-_- 18 -
CHAPTEH IV_---_.--._Barnsley Gardens: A Lost, Arcadia--^-^_-__-__ 26 CHAPTER V __.__,,. ___Shellman Heights: A Romance of Sherman's
March__._ ._.-.._._,,._._________-._ _-- 31 CHAPTER VI,__-._ ___The "Lone Star" Flag of Texas Woven by a
Georgia Woman-- ._.,,_-._-_,__.._-_.____, 34 CHAPTER VII__-_.-_ . ."Little Giffen of Tennessee:" How a Famous
Ballad Came to be Written-__ _... ,____ __,- 39 CHAPTER VIII_,, _____3ames Ryder Randall: Origin of "Maryland,
My Maryland !"__,,,,___. ____^_-,. ,,_-_,__,__ 45 CHAPTER IX -____,, .-Oglethorpe: His Monument and his Mission..-. 5O CHAPTER X __ __ .-.._Fort Frederica: 1735___. ,__,,,,.. ____^__._^_ .,, ._ 59 CHAPTER XI __ ___..__The Wesley Oak-- _________ ... ._ .__,,-_-___._ 66 CHAPTER XII _,__.-_Coweta Town: Where a Treaty was Signed the
Effect of Which was a Death-Blow to France on the Mississippi ___^__^______ ._.._!___-_ 69 CHAPTER XIII ___. .....Bloody Marsh: Where a Battle was Fought in Which Spain Lost a Continent-- __ ^____ -_- 73 CHAPTER XIV ____.._ -Christ Church, Savannah: Where the Georgia Colonists First Worshipped God-_ -__....___ 77 CHAPTER XV ._-_-.,_ .Bethesda: Where the Great Whitefield Founded an Asylum for Orphans------------- ------ 80 CHAPTER XVI _...._ -The Grave of Tomo-Chi-Chi___ ___;__!._._._,,_ 85 CHAPTER XVII_..-_ ._Wormsloe: The Home of Noble Jones., ,,____,,_ 87 CHAPTER XVIII ____ .Bonaventure: The Ancient Seat of the Tattnalls 90 CHAPTER XIX._-- -__Brampton: The Home of Jonathan Bryan_____ 93
CHAPTER XX . _ ,, . ,.... -The Jews in Georgia: An Outline History----- 97 CHAPTER XXI __..___.Savannah's .Revolutionary Monuments..--....--- _ _ 103
CnAPTI3K XXII ._.__-._ Mulborry Grove: The General G ret-no Estate Where the Cotton Gin was Invented------ 108
CHAPTER XX11.I __ __ ..Fort Augusta: 173G___ _._____....-.. . .......___ 113
CHAI-TUB XXIV ---...Historic Old St. Paul's. __-__-_______--_.- ....- 117
CHAPTER XXV ......... _Meadow Garden: The Home of Governor Walton 122
CHAPTHK XXVI _____The Invention of the Cottoti Gin: An Autheiu.ic Account-- ____.. _ ________.__._..,,. .... ----- - - 125
CHAPTER XXVII _.....War Hill: Where the Famous Revolutionary Battle of .Kettle Creek was Fought.,----- 131
CHAPTER XXVIII- __ -Historic Old Midway: A Shrine of Patriotism.- 1-35
CHAPTER XXIX ____ .Franklin College: The Oldest State "University in America, Chartered in 1785------ .- ... 139
CHAIJTEU XXX _ ......-Louisville: Georgia's First Permanent Capital-- 146
CHAPTER XXXI ....... _Thc Yazoo Fraud: An "Episode of Dramatic In terest Hecallcd ......._________.-_._---.----.. 149
Ci-iAi'TER XXXII ____Burning the Iniquitous Records with Fire from Heaven- __.... -_,._.,__.-,-..-._..._ _._.___ 152
CHAPTER XXXIII ___Tho Old Slave-Market: A Solit-ary Remnant of Feudal Days in Dixie.. __ _._..__._._._-.--. 154
CHAPTKU XXXIV. ... Historic Old Millcdgcvillc: Georgia's Capital for
More Than Sixty Years _..-... ,__........,--. ^ - _ 150
CHAPTER XXXV.-- ...Mclntosh Rock: Where the Most Famous of Georgia Treaties was Made with the Creeks- 160
CHAPTER XXXVI __.. _New Eehota: The. Last Capital of Hie Southern Chcrokces _ ._._______._.__.___-.,__-___...,..-_ 170
CHAPTER XXXVII -.."Under the T.ash: Pathetic Incidents of the Re moval. -________.. _-_..-.-_-----_..._........ . 176
CHAPTER XXXVIII -.Harriet Gold: A Romance of New Eehota----- 183
CHAPTKH XXXIX. ...Dahlonega: Once the Center of Gold-Alining Activities in America- .___.__..__......______ 1S5
CHAPTER XT _____-.,__Sequoya: The Modern Cadmus __ --._._.____-_.-- _ 190
CHAPTER XLI ____-_. \Voodlawn: The Home of William H. Crasvford- 197
CHAPTER XL11 __-__-Historic Old A\'"esleyan: The First Female Col lege in the World to Confer Diplomas.-_ , ,, 200
CHAPTBB XLIII _ . ___Chiekamauga; Otic of the Bloodiest of Modern Battle-Fields Becomes a National Park._._ 203
CHAPTER XJjIV__-,_ Kennesaw Mountain: Once a Peak of the Inferno 208
CHAPTER XLV-_. __ - -The Old Heard House: Where the Last Meeting of the Confederate Cabinet was Held-_--__ 211
ONTENTS
xi
CHAPTER XLVl-_-__-The Old Chenault House; In the Neighborhood of Which Occurred the Famous Raid on the Confederate Treasure Wagons___ ,_ ._ ______ 213
CHAPTER XLVH__-_.Origin of the United Daughters of the Confed eracy __ ____--_ ._._...-__________-- ._ ..-_._ 218
CHAPTER XLVIII _ - - _ Origin of the Southern Cross of Honor. ______ 222 CHAPTER XLIX _- __ Copse Hill: The Home of Paul II. Hayne,__-_ 224 CHAPTER L _..-.._-.-_-Richard Henry Wilde: Augusta's Monument to
the Author of the "Summer R,ose."_ ________ 228
CHAPOTUR LI ^_-^--__Torch Hill: The Home of Dr. Francis O. Ticknor_ 231
CHAPTER LII ------ _ -St. Elmo: Its Memories of Augusta Evans Wilson 234 CHAPTER LHI------ -Sidney Lanier: Macon's Memorial to the Master-
Minstrel...------- ._________-_._,,-_,,,._ 236
CHAPTER LIV _______Kome Pioneers the Way in Honoring the Women of the Confederacy _.._-,,_,,.,.________-_-__ 241
CHAPTER LV____-_ .-The Mark Hanna Home: Where the McKinley Presidental Boom was Launched-..^ _______ 246
CHAPTER LVI __-_-__Mount Berry: How the Sunday Lady Won the Mountains...-.------------- -.__._._____ 250
HISTOKICAL OUTLINES, ORIGINAL SETTLERS, AND DISTIN GUISHED RESIDENTS OF THE COUNTIES OF GEORGIA.
(Pages 265-1065.)
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Tomb of General "Light Horse Harry" Lee at Dungeness--- -Frontispiece
The Carnegie Mansion, Built on the Site of General Nathanael Greene's Home at Dungenes0_--_-__----Facing Page 8
Where President Jefferson Davia Was Arrested, on May 10, 1865, near Irwinville, Ga-_._______________ -Facing Page 16
The Monument to General Oglethorpe, Founder of the Colony of Georgia, in Chippewa Square, Savannah__Facing Page 52
Ruins oJ the Old Fort at Frederica, on St. Simon's Island__.______.__________-_.____-___Facing Page 62
The Wesley Oak, near Frederica, on St. Simon's Island, .Facing Page 66
The Burial-PUce of Tomo-Chi-Chi, Mico of the Yamacraws, in Court House Square, SavarjLnah__..._--___Facing Page 86
Ruins of Fort Wymberley, at Wormsloe, the Old Home of Noble Jones, on the Isle of Hope_-----._---_--Facing Page 8S
Bonaventure, the Ancient Seat of the Tattnalls, near Savannah-__ ______,,_.__,,..-____---_ ___,..-_-____--Facing Page 90
The Pulaski Monument, on Bull St., Savannah ._ --.--.Facing Page 104
The Jasper Monument, on Bull St., Savannah---.------Facing Page 106
The Birth-Place of the Present City of Augusta.------Facing Page 114
Historic Old St. Paul's, in Augusta.- ._._____._ .-____-Facing Page 118
Where One of the First Cotton Gins Made by Eli Whitney was Operated, near Washington, Ga___-.--___-Facing Page 128
The Old Capitol at Milledgeville, Where the Famous Secession Convention Met------- ._._-_-_-.-_--.._ --Facing Page 156
Sequoya's Wonderful Invention: The Cherokee Alphabet-Facing Page 192
The Old Heard House, in Washington, Ga., Where the Last Meeting of the Confederate Cabinet was Held--Facing Page 212
The First Monument to the Women of the Confederacy, on Broad St., in the City of Rome, Ga~-___-__-.Facing Page 242
The Log Cabin in Which the Famous Berry School Orig inated, near Rome, Ga_-_,-___-,-____,_____--____Facing Page 256
The Family Residence of the Late George W. Owens, Where General Lafayette Was Entertained, in Ogle thorpe Square, Savannah..._____,,,,__,___- ------ ..--Facing Page 394
The Gordon Monument, on Bull St., in Savannah--.----Facing Page 404
The Lanier Oak, on the Outskirts of Brunswick, Facing the Far-Famed "Marshes of Glynn", Immortalized by the Poet-______________ ____.___ ____.Facing Page 620
Tablet to General Leonidas Polk, in St. Paul's Church, Augusta_________________.--_._____-,,.___.-Facing Page 884
Nacoochee, the Cradle of the Chattahoochee River-____-Facing Page 1030
The Home of Robert Toombs, in Washington, Ga--.____-Facing Page 1056
PART I
LANDMARKS AND MEMORIALS
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
CHAPTER I
Dungeness: The Bivouac of "Light Horse Harry" Lee for Nearly a Century
AT the extreme southern end of Cumberland Island, in a little private burial ground of the Greene family, there slept for ninety-five years an illus trious soldier of the American Revolution: "LightHorse Harry" Lee. At this point a wooded bluff over looks a wide expanse of verdant marsh lands, surrounded on either side by the encircling -waters of Cumberland Sound; and the shimmer of blue waves, caught in the dis tance, through trembling vistas of luxuriant foliage, is most enchanting to the eye, especially when a storm at sea curls them into feathery white-caps1. The little en closed area in which, with military honors, the famous hero was laid to rest, in the spring of 1818, was then a part of the estate of Major-General Nathanael Greene, a dis tinguished comrade-in-arms'whose family he was visiting at the time of his death. Years ago a large part of the island, including the historic tidewater home of General Greene, "was purchased by Thomas Carnegie, a kinsman of the great steel king of Pittsburg and himself a man of millions. With the ample means at his' command the new owner proceeded to convert the famous estate into
2
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
one of the most beautiful retreats on the coast of North America. Magnificent walks and driveways were opened through a dense forest of live-oaks, festooned with long wisps' of trailing moss; rare bnlbs from, remote parts "were transplanted in the rich soil of Dungeness; and whatever was calculated either to please the eye or to promote the comfort of a cultuj^ed gentleman of leisure, was sought by this wizard of finance, regardless of cost, to enhance the picturesque environment.
Today the vast estate constitutes an independent com munity within itself, possessing every luxury of presentday life and suggesting the modernized country-seat of some aristocratic old English baron. The palatial mansion in which the widow Oarriegie spends the winter months is only a few yards distant from the little burial ground, in one of the brick walls of which a memorial tablet bears the name of the late owner. But the most historic spot on the whole island, around which for nearly a century has' centered a wealth of patriotic associations and to which thousands of tourists have flocked annually in the heated months of mid-summer, is the grave in which "Light Horse Harry" T^ce long rested. It was formerly marked by a plain marble headstone, on which the following brief inscription was chiseled:
"Saered to the Memory Gci eral Henry Le e, of Virginia. Obit, 25 M arch, 1818 Aetat 63.
During a recent session of the Virginia Legislature a bill was passed appropriating the sum of $500 from the State treasury to defray the expenses incident to remov ing General Lee's body from Dungeness to Lexington. At the same time a committee was appointed to whom the oversight of this sacred task was entrusted. It is most likely that the ashes of the Revolutionary patriot
DUNGENESS
3
will occupy a crypt in the chapel of Washington and Lee University, beside the remains of his renowned son, General Robert K. Lee, the South 'a great military chief tain. The patriotic societies of Georgia have entered a vigorous protest against the proposed removal. But, the consent of Mrs. Lucy Carnegie having been obtained, the Commonwealth of Virginia cannot -well be estopped from claiming the dust of an illustrious son to whom she now offers a receptacle in her own bosom. As this work goes to press1, the transfer of General Lee's remains to Virginia is still an unaccomplished fact; but hope of keeping them in Georgia has been finally relinquished. It is not unlikely that the Daughters of the Revolution will mark the empty tomb with an appropriate memorial of some kind which, briefly reciting the facts, together with the date of disintenneiit, "will serve to keep the hallowed spot perpetually sacred.
General Henry Lee was easily the foremost officer of cavalry in the first "war for independence; and to his gallant bTfide Georgia owes a debt of gratitude which two centuries have not extinguished. At the head of an independent legion, he took part in the siege of Augusta and became an important factor, under General Greene, in the final expulsion of the "British from Georgia soil. Later he wrote an exhaustive account of his operations in the Southern Department, a work of great value to historians1, comprised in two rich volumes. He also became Governor of the State of Virginia; and, on the death of "Washington, pronounced upon his silent Commander-in.-Chief the famous culogium in which he characterized him in the often-quoted words: "First in "war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his1 countrymen.' **
While taking the part of a. friend, whom he was visiting at the time, in Baltimore, General Lee received
*"To the memory of the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." Eulogy on Washington, December 26, 1799.
4
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
injuries from the effects of which, lie never recovered. The circumstances which culminated in this tragic affair were as follows:* "In the stirring- times of 1812, Alex ander Contee Hanson, editor of the Federal Republican, strongly opposed the declaration of war against England. Feeling- ran so high among the war party that the news paper office was attacked :and the editors driven to Georgetown. Later IrTanson determined to return, and was accompanied by General Lee and other friends who volunteered to defend him. The residence leased "by Mm in Baltimore was attacked, and to save the occupants from nmrder the authorities placed them in the old city jail for protection. But the rioters forced themselves into the jail, attacking- Hanson, General Lee, and seven others in the party. They -were beaten, mutilated, and according to an account in Scharf's history, were thrown down the steps of the jail, where they lay in a heap for three hours. General Lee's constitution was1 wrecked." In the hope of regaining his healths 'the ipld soldier embarked for the West Indies, where he remained for something- over four years; and it was wriile enroute back to his home in Virginia that he was put ashore at Cumberland Island.
.General Lee did not expect to find here his1 old com rade-in-arms. The latter died at Mulberry Grove, near Savannah, more than thirty years prior to the time of General Lee's visit. The widow Gi-eenc, who afterwards married Phineas Miller, was likewise in her grave. But there was living at Duiigeness a daughter, Mrs. Louisa Shaw, by whom the old invalid was most graciously and gladly received; and here he remained until the death angel released him from his sufferings. For the account which follows of the last moments of the old hero, we are indebted in the main to Colonel Charles C. Jones, Jr., of Augusta, who obtained from an eye-witness, Mr. Phineas M. Nightingale, a recital of :the facts1. Mr1. Nightingale was a grandson of Genera] Greene and a
DUNGENESS
5
member of the household at the time of General Lee's sojourn on the island. The story, with additional par ticulars gathered from other sources, is as follows:
When the second war with England began, ''Light Horse Harry" Lee--though the foremost survivor of the first struggle for independence--found himself an invalid, nursing an old wound. Thus prevented by physical disabilities from assuming- an active command in the renewed contcst? his disappointment only served to aggravate his condition. He chafed under this restraint; and, in the hope that a change of climate might restore his failing health he sailed in 1813 for the West Indies. It was the cherished purpose of the old soldier, while in retirement, to revise his "Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department'' and to prepare biographies of his two beloved commanders--Greene and Washington. Says Colonel .Tones:* "It will ever be n matter of regret that ho failed to compass the execution of this plan. To his Memoirs be would doubtless have imparted additional value and interest but in their present form they possess the highest merit and constitute the best military record we possess of the heroic memories embraced within their scope. "Lives of Washington and Greene have been carefully studied and well writ ten; bat for one I freely confess to the firm conviction that biographies of these heroes by their gifted and eloquent compatriot and friend would have far surpassed all others." More than four years were spent by General Lee in the mild climate of the sub-tropics. But the benefit which he derived from his long sojourn was only temporary; and he could do no writing while he here lingered among the ocean breezes'. At leng'th. it became evident to the "wan sufferer that the end "was near at hand. Accordingly, toward the close of the month of January, 1818, he took passage in a schooner bound from Nassau to Boston, the Captain--
Reminiscences of tho Last Days, Death and Burial of General Henry Lee, by Charles C. Jones, Jr., Albany, N. "Y., 1S70.
6
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
who proved to be also the owner of the vessel--agreeing to put him ashore at the south end of Cumberland. Island. For this1 service the Captain refused to accept compensa tion, esteeming- it a privilege "to minister to the comfort and to respond to the wishes of so distinguished a hero of the Revolution.''
Originally the name of Cumberland Island was "Missoe", a term which in tile language of the Creek Indians of the Georgia coast is said to have meant "Sassafras," At the suggestion of Tomo-chi-chi 's nephew, the name "was changed to Cumberland, in honor of the Duke of Cumberland, from whom the youth had received the gift of a watch. Ogletborpe was so pleased with this evidence of good-will on the part of the Indian that he is said to have erected near the southern end of the island a hunting lodge which he called Dungeness, after an English country seat of which he was the owner in the county of Kent. To quote a,n old record, Dungeness from this time until the outbreak of the Revolution "was owned successively by peers of the realm." The place was acquired by General Greejie soon after he became a resident of Georgia, probably in 1784. Though he did not live to realize his dream of making this island retreat Ms summer home, he carefully planned both the original mansion and the grounds; and subsequent to his death it became the favorite abode and the last resting place of his widow, who years later smiled upon the suit of Phineas Miller. At the time of General Lee's visit, Mrs. Shaw, her daughter, a chai'ming hostess, presided over the mansion and dispensed the hospitalities of this farfamed seat.
It was early in the month of February, 1818, when, toward the hour of 4 o'clock in the afternoon, a grandson of General Greene, a lad some fifteen years old, who was amusing himself with boyish sports near the water front,
DTTNGENESS
7
observed a schooner wliicli seemed to be approaching the private docks at Dungeness1. Before reaching the wharf, however, the schooner came to anchor in the middle of the narrow channel, and a boat was lowered, into which a feeble old man was assisted by the captain and mate, who took scats beside him, and together they "were rowed ashore by two sailors. The yonth hastened forward to ascertain the object of this unexpected visit and to welcome the guest. General Lee was tenderly lifted frbm the boat and brought ashore by the officers. He was plainly, almost scantily, attired. The sailors' placed upon the wharf an old hair trunk in a dilapidated condition and a cask of Madeira wine. General Lee brought no other baggage with him. Beckoning the youth to his side, he inquired his name. Learning that he was a grandson of his old' war comrade and that Mrs. Shaw was at home, the strange visitor threw his arms lovingly around the lad, 'who, withont knowing "what it meant, returned the old hero's warm embrace. Then leaning heavily upon the stout arm of the youth, General Lee walked a short distance from the landing and sat upon a log, overcome by exhaustion. Too weak to proceed further, he bade the boy run at once to the house and to say to his aunt that an old friend and comrade of her father's--General Lee--was at the wharf and wished the carriage to be sent for him. "Tell her," he added, "that I am come pur posely to die in the house and in the -arms of the daughter of my old friend and companion.''
Leaving the old hero seated upon the log, young Phineas Nightingale--for this was the lad's name-- hastened to the mansion, communicated the fact of General Lee's arriva] and delivered his message to the mistress of Dungeness. The carriage was immediately sent to the landing and in it General Lee and his little friend rode leisurely up together. When they arrived at the house, the old soldier was so weak that he had to be assisted both in getting out of the carriage and in ascend ing the steps. Having received a most cordial welcome
8
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND XJEGENDS
from the Shaws lie excused himself at once and retired to his room. Such "was1 his extreme feebleness that he remained a recluse, emerging but once a day, and then only for a short walk in the ga,rden. On these outdoor excursions he always sent for young Nightingale to accompany him. It was seldom that he dined with the family, his meals as a rule being served in his room. A.t last he was unable to take his customary stroll in the open air, and the painful realization of the fact that he was a prisoner told unhappily upon the sensitive nerves of the high strung old aristocrat.
There happened to be at this time in the harbor to the south of the island--pending negotiations for the annexa tion of Florida--a number of naval ships; "while at Fernandina, on the Florida coast, there "was stationed a land force. The officers in both departments of the service called in a body upon the distinguished guest. But as a rule, General Lee wished no one to enter his room. At times he suffered paroxysms of extreme agony and when these occurred at short intervals his exhibitions of mingled rage and anguish were often something fearful to behold. To quote Colonel Jones, "it was the strong man wrestling with the frailties of the falling tabernacle --the brave heart chafing- under the decadence of physical powers--the cag'ed and wounded eagle beating against the prison bars and longing for the sunlight and free air, the lordly plumage and sturdy pinions of former days." At such times his groans would fill the house and wring the hearts of the anxious friends "who watched at the bedside of the srifferer. Many of the important remedies which modern ingenuity and professional skill have since contrived wore then unknown a,nd the patient languished amid physical tortures which medical science, at a later period, might have materially mitigated.
During his illness, the old hero was constantly attended by two of the best surgeons from the fleet.
THE CARNEGIE MANSION. BUILT ON THE SITE OF GENERAL NATHANAEL GREENE'S OLD HOME AT DUNGENESS.
Some of the incidents which occurred at this time would be really amusing- if they were not at the same time deeply pathetic. Tn moments of supreme agony, losing his' self-control, G-eneral Ijce 'would sometimes drive the servants from his presence and never after wards permit them to enter his room. At length an old domestic, formerly Mrs. G-reene's favorite maid, was selected to wait upon General "Lee. She- was an esteemed and privileged family servant. Bnt the first thing" the old soldier did when she entered the apartment was to hurl his hoot at her head and to order her ont iiistanter. Entirely unused to such treatment, the negrcss, without saying1 a word, deliberately picked up the hoot and threw it back at General Lee. The effect produced by thih strange and unexpected retort was instantaneous. The features of the stem, old warrior relaxed. In the midst of his pain and anguish a smile passed over his counten ance, and from that mo7nenl: 1121 til the day of his death he would permit no one except "Mom Sarah" to minister to his wants'.
General Lee's sojourn at Duiig-eriess lasted two months. He breathed his last on March 25, 181.8, and was laid to rest in Georgia's bosom.
As s'oon as the fact of his demise was made known, all the vessels in Cumberland Sound displayed colors at half mast. The funeral was attended by the army and navy officers who were on duty at the mouth of the St. Mary's River, and by detachments from both wings of the coast defence. Minute-guns were fired from the flag-ship-- the John Adams--while the body was being lowered, into the tomb and at the close of the services at the grave, a salute was fired. Nothing was omitted in the way of for mal honors, to show a nation's sorrow for the loss of an illustrious1 soldier and patriot. Sometime in the early thirties, two marble slabs, one to be put at the head and the other at the foot of the grave, were sent to Dung-eness
GEORGIA'S IJANDMABKS, MEMORIALS AND
by Major Lee, tlie old hero's eldest son; and they were at once placed in position by Mr. Nightingale over the last resting place of "Light Horse Harry."
Prior to the Civil War, the question of the removal of General Lee's body to Virginia, the State of his birth, was discussed by the Legislature in session at Richmond and commissioners to superintend the execution of the trust 'were duly appointed. But the outbreak of hostilities shortly ensued; and nothing further could be done at this time. For years after the war, the State was too harrassed by debt and too exhausted by the ravages of con flict, to undertake this labor of love. "But in 1912 another movement looking toward the transfer of the old soldier's body to Virginia was successfully launched, and Georgia will be called upon in the near future to surrender the charge which for nearly a hundred years she has kept in her heart's core at Dnngeness.
Over the ashes of General Greene's1 widow, in the little btirial ground at Dungeness. stands a marble slab some what dingy with age, on which the following inscription is lettered:
Catharine Miller, -widow of Major-General Greene, Commander-in-chief: of the American Revolutionary Army, in the Southern Department, who died September 1, 1814. Aged 59. She possessed great talents and exalted virtues.
Within the same enclosure of ground sleeps Charles Jackson, Esq., a soldier of the Revolution. His grave is marked by a substantial headstone, from the record carved upon which the following particulars in regard to him have been gleaned. He "was born at Newton, Mass., April 23, 1767 and educated at Harvard. la the struggle for independence he was a comrnssioned officer,
DUNGENBSS
11
and at the close of hostilities became a eounsellor-at-law. He died at the residence of Phineas Miller, Esq., 011 Cumberland Island, October 25, 1801, while a visitor at Dungeness.
Louisa C. Shaw, General Grrecne's1 daughter, is buried here beside her husband, James Shaw, Esq. The former died April 24, 1831, aged 44 years; the latter January 6, 1820, two year's after General Lee's visit, aged 35 years. Several other members of the immediate family connec tion are also here entombed.
History often repeats itself. In the vernal months of 1870 another care-worn sufferer, embarking upon an ocean voyage, sought the healing- balm of the southern waters. He, too, was a soldier of the Virginia line. On an April day at Appomattox, worn by victorious combat, lie brought his tattered legions to a last pathetic halt. Fate wrote his name among the vanquished, but she qualified the record wTith this entry in a bold pen--"over powered but not outgeneraled." The very bugles which told of the truce sang a pean to his genius which kindled an echo on the answering cliffs of the furthest mountain; while the prowess1 which enabled him through four longyears to withstand a world in arms travelled upon the ebbing tide of a Lost Cause to the remotest isles of the sea. Even in the judgment of his enemies, he towered a prince among the men of battle; and the foremost critics of his time have laid the palm of soldiership upon his surrendered sword. But the sublime self-abnegation which constrained this peerless leader of the embattled hosts to decline the most nattering overtures of for tune for a modest seat of learning in the Valley of Virginia, where he might lead the feet of his young countrymen in the gentle paths of peace--his majestic and serene poise of soul--his stainless' nobility of character--these crowned him above the wreaths of battle with the fadeless laurels of Lexington; and, if moral
12 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
grandetir be the scale by which, we measure men, "we must look in vain for his like even among the mail-clad knights of Homer's land of heroes.
But the burdens which weighed upon Ms shoulders were not alone those of his college. He bore the sorrows of his people. In the vain hope of renewing his strength, he sought the Bahama Islands; and, on his way back to Lexington, impelled by filial reverence, he made a pil grimage to his father's grave at Dungeness. It was not his first visit to this beloved shrine, but it proved to be his last. He was accompanied on the trip by an idolized daughter, "who did not long survive him. At Savannah, he wrote a letter home in which he told of the visit to Dungeness1. It was dated April 18, 1870. Said he*: "We visited Cumberland Island where Alice decorated my father's grave with beautiful fresh flowers. I presume it will be the last time I shall be able to pay it my tribute of respect. The cemetery is unharmed and the graves in good condition, but the house at Dungeness has been burned and the island devastated. I hope I am better." But it was not to be. He resumed his arduous duties, only to lay them down again in a few weeks. The end came gently but suddenly--almost in a flash. It "was not disease in the ordinary sense by which the mysterious thread of life was severed, but anguish of soul. Six months from-the date when the above letter was penned, the renowned warrior fell asleep at Lexington, bequeath ing to his fellow-countrymen and to the -whole AngloSaxon race, the untarnished sword, the matchless example, and the immortal name of Eobert E. Tjee.
CHAPTER II
Jefferson Davis's Arrest at Irwinville: The True Story of a. Dramatic Episode
T WO miles to the we.at-Q Irwinville, in what is today a dense thicket of pines, there occurred at the close of the Qivjl_35ju^_ari_j_nejidgnt concerning which a host of writers have produced for commercial purposes an endless amount of fiction. It was here, in the gray morning twiligjit of May 10, 1865, while encamped on land today tlie prcTperTy oTTTudge 3. 15. Clement, of Irwinville, that Jeffexaoii_I^avisjMPre,id^iit
a, was overtak_en by ,
arrel.~ Store tharThalf a century has elapsed since then; and happily with the flight of time some of the fairy tales of this dramatic period, when the imagination was inflamed by passion, have been dispelled. To prejudice the popular mind against Mr. Davjs and to bring upon him speedily the punishment to which he was exposed by reason of his fallen fortunes, there appeared 4n the Northern papers a story concocted by some evil genius with malice aforethought to the effect that when arrested the President was clad in his wife's calico wrapper and that, among other articles of feminine attire which he wore at this time, were a hoop-skirt and a sun-bonnet.
Shades of Ananias! The facts are these: Mrs. Davis, with four of her children, left the Confederate capital,
14 GEOHGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
under an escort, several days in advance of the final evacuation of Richmond. Mr. Davis followed in the course of a week's time, proceeding southward by slow stages. It was not until Lee and Johnston had both surrendered that he ceased to cherish some hope of ulti mate success. After the final meeting of the Confederate Cabinet in Washington, Gra., he leisurely resumed his journey toward the trans-Mississippi region, there quietly at home to await results. It was not in the charac ter of a fugitive that he bade adieu to his friends in the little Georgia town; and so deliberate "was he in the matter of saying farewell that Dr. H. A. Tupper, an eminent Baptist divine, with whom he stopped, turned to Judge Garnett Andrews and said:
"I really believe that Mr. Davis "wishes to be captured." 1
It is certain that he manifested every sign of indiffer ence, though he must have known that the country "was full of armed men "who "were panting like blood-hounds upon his track. Word having reached him of a con spiracy on the part of desperate men to rob the wagon train in which Mrs. Davis was journeying, he hastened to overtake her, going some distance ont of the direct line of travel. Such a change in Ms plans meant that he was certain to be either arrested or killed; and, turning to the faithful comrades in misfortune who accompanied him, Mr. Davis urged them to feel in nowise bound to attend him upon this hazardous trip. But not a man in the party availed himself of this loop-hole to escape danger. Mrs. Davis, in the course of time, was' finally overtaken; and the President, with his party, was preparing to move in advance of her when, just at the hour of dawn, on May 10, 1865, he was suddenly halted. Besides the members of his family there were with Mr. Davis at the time the arrest was made, Postmaster-General John H. Reagan,
iLetter of Dr. H. A. Tupper to Dr. J. Wm. Jones, dated Richmond. Va., December 25, 1889, ana reproduced in the Davis Memorial Volume, pp. 399401, Atlanta, 1890.
JEFFERSON DAVIS'S ARREST AT IRWINVILLE
15
Captain Moody, of Mississippi, an old friend; Governor I/ubboek, of Texas; and two members of his personal staff, Colonel Burton Harrisou and Colonel William P.
Johnston. At this point we will let Postmaster-General
Eeagan continue the thread of the narrative. Says he :*
"Tinder cover of the darkness, Colonel Pritchard (a Federal officer) moved to "where "we "were, and posted one battalion in front of us and another across the creek in our rear, and each took the other in the dimness of the morning for Confederates. Both battalions were armed with repeating- rifles and a rapid fusillade ,occurred! between them, with the result that one or two were killed and a .few wounded. When this firing- 'Occurred the troops in our front galloped upon us. The Major of the regiment reached the place where I and the members of the President's staff were encamped, about a hundred yards distant from where the President and his family were located. Wlien he approached me I -was -watching a struggle between two Federal soldiers and Governor Lubbock. They were trying to get his horse and saddle bags away from him and he was holding on to them and refusing to give them up; they threatened to shoot him if he did not, and he replied--for he -was not as good a Presbyterian then as he is now--that they might shoot and be damned but they would not rob him -while he "was alive and looking on. I had my revolver cocked and in my hand, -waiting to see if the shooting was to begin.
"Just at this moment the Major rode up, the men contending with Lubbock disappeared, and the Major asked if I ha,d any arms. I drew my revolver from under the skirt of my coat and said to him, 'I have this.' He observed that I had better give it to him. I knew that they were too many for us and surrendered my pistol.
*Memoirs of John H. Reag-an, pp. 219-220, New York and Washington,
1906. Senator Reagan lived to be the last surviving member of the Confed
erate Cabinet.
16 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
I asked him then if he had not better stop the firing across the creek. He inquired whether it was not our men. T told him that it could not be; that I did not know of an armed Confederate within a hundred miles of us, except our little escort of half a dozen men, who -were not then with us. We learned afterwards that they, or the most of them, had been captured at Irwinville. The Major rode across the creek and put an end to the skirmish.
"When the firing began, President Davis afterwards told me, he supposed it to be the work of the men who were to rob Mrs. Davis's train. So he remarked to his wife: 'Those men have attacked us at last; I will n;o out and see if I cannot stop the firing; surely I have some authority with the Confederates.' Upon going to the tent door, however, he saw the bine-coats, and turned to his wife with the words, 'The Federal cavalry are upon us.' " He was made a prisoner of war.
"As one of the means of making tloe Confederate cause odious, the foolish and wicked charge was made that he was captured in woman's clothes; besides whieh his portrait, showing him in petticoats, "was afterwards placarded generally in show cases and public places in the North. He was also pictured as having bags of gold oh him when captured. This charge is disproven by the circumstances attending' his capture. The suddenness of the unexpected attack of the enemy allowed no time for a change of clothes. I saw him a few minutes after his surrender, wearing his accustomed suit of Confederate gray."
Colonel William P. Johnston confirms the PostmasterGreneral's statement in regard to the President's apparel. Says he:* "Mr. Davis was dressed as usual. He had on a knit woolen visor, -which he always -wore at night for neuralgia; and his cavalry boots. He complained of chilliness, saying that some one had taken away his
TJavis Memorial Volume, p. 404, Atlanta, 1S90.
WHERE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAV1S WAS ARRESTED, ON MAY 10, 1S65, NEAR IRWINVIULE, GA.
JEFFERSON DAVIS'S ARREST AT IRWINVH.LE
17
raglan, or spring overcoat, sometimes called a water proof. I had one exactly similar, except in color. I went to look for it and eitlier I, or S'ome one at my instance, found it and lie wore it afterwards. His own was not restored.'' Governor Lubbock testifies to the same effect.1 Mr. James H. Parker, of Elburnville, Pa., a Federal soldier who witnessed the arrest makes this statement:2 "I am no admirer of Jeff Davis. I am a Yankee, full of Yankee prejudice; but I think it wicked to lie about him or even about the devil. He did not have on at the time he was taken any such garment as is worn by women. He did have over his shoulders a waterproof article of clothing, something like a Havelock. It was not in the least concealed. He wore a hat and did not carry a pail of water on his head." Mr. T. H. Peabody, a lawyer of St. Louis, one of the captors of Mr. Davis, declared in a speech before Ransom Post, of the Gr. A. B. that the hoop-skirt story was purely a fabrication of newspaper reporters. 3 So the whole affair resolves itself into some thing like the compliment which an old parson paid one of his deacons in the church:
'' Said Parson Bland to Deacon Bluff
Seated before the fire:
Deacon, I like you well enough
But you 're an awful liar.''
^bid, 408. "Ibid, 40?. "Ibid, 402.
CHAPTER III
The Old Creek Indian Agency: Where a Forgotten Patriot Sleeps
O N a wooded bluff, to the east of the Flint Kiver, not far from the boat-landing, where the stream at this point is crossed by the old Federal wire road, there sleeps in an unmarked grave what is mortal of Colonel Benjamin Hawking, one of the most unselfish characters known to American public annals. The grave of the old patriot is on land which formerly constituted a part of the old Indian Agency, in what was then the territory of the Creek nation. Colonel Hawkins was a polished gentleman and a man of letters. During the AVar of the Revolution, he served on the personal staff of General Washington; and, "because of his accurate acquaintance with the French language, he became the official interpreter of his Commander-in-chief, in the latter's frequent intercourse with the French officers. He was North Carolina's first United States1 Senator; and, after serving for six years in the world's highest legislative forum, this scholar in politics, while still at the height of his fame, accepted from President Washing ton an unsolicited appointment as resident agent among the Creek Indians. Despite the earnest protests of his large and influential family connection, Colonel Hawkins felt constrained, from motives of patriotism, to obey what -he considered a call of duty, especially at a time when the nation's peace "was gravely imperiled; and, for six teen years,--until summoned to his final recompense--lie
THE OLD INDIAN CREEK AGENCY
19
buried himself among savage tribes in the deep heart
of the Georgia wilderness. Two separate localities in -this State are fragrant
with the associations of this great man. The first of these is Fort Hawkins, on the heights overlooking the Ocmulgee River, opposite the present city of Macon. But the period of his residence at this place was compara tively short; and he next located at the old Indian Agency on the Flint, where his permanent headquarters were established. Included in the latter reservation-- which belonged to the Federal government until 1826-- there were ten thousand acres of land, divided into two nearly equal parts by the Flint River. The official residence of Colonel Hawkins was on the east side of the stream. Here important conferences were held with the Indians; treaties negotiated and signed; and various matters of business transacted. It was also in the nature of an educational farm, where he instructed the Indians
in the agricultural arts. Subsequent to the treaty of Indian Springs, in 1825,
when the Creeks finally ceded to the State the lands which still remained to them in Georgia, the old Indian Agency was acquired from the United States government and a part east of the Flint added to Crawford County; and afterwards, in 1852, when Taylor was erected, the section lying west of the Flint was made a part of Taylor. Thus the old Indian Agency passed by absorption into the counties above named, between which it was divided into two almost equal portion's. Near the site of the old home of Colonel Hawkins is the Flint River ferry, at which point the stream is crossed by the old Federal "wire road, for years the principal highway of travel between Macon and Columbus, and still used extensively by vehicles.
Mr. N. F. Walker, while strolling over his uncle's plantation, in Crawford County, not long ago, happened by the merest chance to come upon the grave of Colonel
20 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
Hawkins. It was found in the midst of a clump of bushes. The walls of the tomb above ground had commenced to crumble and detached brick lay in confused heaps upon the ground. The ravages of time, re-enforced by long neglect, had made it a pathetic spectacle; but the identity of the grave has been well established by evidence. Since the burial-place was discovered the Daughters of the Revolution have made it an object of reverent care; but the United States government owes it to the memory of this pure patriot who, for the sake of his country, lived and died among the savage Indians, to erect above his ashes a monument which will serve to keep his name in green remembrance; and when the shaft is bnilt let it contain an inscription similar to the one which follows-- "Here lies the body of Colonel Benjamin Hawkins, a soldier of the Revolution, a friend of Washington, a Senator of the United States, a scholar and a man of letters. As a mediator of peace, in a time of great national peril, he abandoned the delights of civilized society and, for sixteen years, dwelt among .savage tribes. To him belongs the crown of life, for he was faithful even unto death."
The story of this extraordinary man's career needs to be told somewhat more in detail, for no missionary of the Cross, embarking upon the high seas, was ever impelled by a higher purpose or consecrated by a holier sense of duty to exile himself from home and kindred and to labor in foreign lands for the uplift of an alien race of mankind. Colonel Absalom H. Chappell, in his "Miscellanies of Georgia," tells of the effect produced upon his boyish mind, when, in the sum mer of 1816, he first heard the news that Colonel Hawkins was no more. Says he* :
"One morning, in the month of June, 1816, during the summer vacation of Mount Zion Academy, when on a
"Miscellanies of Georgia, by Absalom H. Chappell. Colu
THE OLD INDIAN CREEK AGENCY
21
visit to my venerated grandfather, I was sitting alone with him on his front porch. It was the time for the mail rider to pass1 on his weekly trip from Milledgeville to Greensboro; and my grandfather, having sent for his newspaper in the tree-box, "was reading it--the old Georgia Journal, founded by the Grantland brothers, which he enjoyed all the more because they were Virgin ians. He had not been reading long before he suddenly stopped and said:
" 'Colonel Hawkins is dead.' " "The words were scarcely meant for me. They "were the involuntary utterance of the soul. Letting his news paper drop to his lap and resting his elbow on the arm of his chair, he sat in silence, with his head bowed upon his half open palm, neither reading nor speaking another Tjrord. I had all my life known of Colonel Hawkius. I had become familiar with his name as important in some way in connection with the Indians. But it was now evident to me that the man who was then resting in his fresh grave in the midst of the Indian "wilderness, on the little knoll by the Flint, was greater than I had dreamed; and ever since then I have felt an nndying interest in Colonel Hawkins--an interest which my subsequent knowledge of him has only deepened and intensified."
To quote this same authority, in substance, but not in esa,ct language, the office of Colonel Hawkins was media torial. He was a peace-preserver, a peace-restorer; and as such he was dear alike to civilized men and to savages. Though he was the resident agent for the Creeks only, Washington's estimate of his character and fitness for the place "was such that he made him general superin tendent of all the tribes south of the Ohio. He was an apostle of friendship--"unlike McGillivray, who belonged solely and intensely to the Indians, and with whom hatred of Georgia was a virtue--unlike Elijah Clarke, who was wholly a Georgian, and was to Georgia against the
22 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
Indians what McGillivray was to the Indians against Georgia.''
It was neither penury nor embarrassment in his affairs, nor thirst for wealth, nor disappointment which drove him into the wilderness. It was his own large nature; and he rises inestimably in our view when we consider what he gave up. For he was born to wealth and was experienced front the beginning in all its advant ages in one of the best sections of North Carolina. As early as 1780, the Tar Heel State made him her general agent for obtaining both at home and abroad all kinds of supplies for her troops. Successful in this trust, she sent him repeatedly to the Continental Congress; and, when ISTorth Carolina entered the Union under the new Federal Constitution, he was chosen one of the first Senators and served from 1789 to 1796.
It may be well to state in this connection that before the new government was organized and whilst he was still a member of the old Continental Congress1, he had been detailed, without interference with other duties, to per form an important commission. At the close of the Rev olution, the adjustment of relations with the various Indian tribes became a matter of the greatest interest; and Congress appointed Colonel Hawkins one of the commissioners plenipotentiary to open friendly relations with the four great Southern tribes, the Creeks, the Cherokees, the Choctaws, and the Chickasaws1. With the last three tribes the commissioners succeeded in negotiat ing satisfactory treaties, whereby they placed themselves under the protection of the United States government and gave to Congress the sole power of regulating trade with them. The attempt to conciliate the Creeks, how ever, failed, due to entanglement "with Spain by virtue of the treaty of Pensacola and to difficulties with Georgia. Finally, however, in the treaty of New York, in 1790, by a master-stroke of Washington, the Creeks put them selves in like relation to the government.
THE OLD INDIAN CBEEK AGENCY
23
Thus it became a matter of the utmost importance to cultivate these Indians. Washington fixed his eyes on the long-known and well-tried North Carolina Senator as the fittest man to take charge of the well advanced work of conciliation and to crown it by becoming the per manent agent. His family--one of the most influential and numerous in the State--opposed his accepting this appointment. Every inducement on the part of friends and relatives1 was brought to bear upon him in vain. He recognized in the appointment an imperative call of duty; and, like the great Hebrew law-giver, he put behind him the allurements of wealth and power and turned his face toward the wilderness. Nor was it his own flesh and blood whom he undertook to lead but an alien race of hostile savages. He looked upon the work as his mission. He gave to it the best there -was in him. He not only accepted the appointment but he made its life-long duties a labor of love and a source of high moral and intellec tual enjoyment.
His master-stroke was the treaty of Coleraine, nego tiated in 1796. It was the much-needed supplement to the treaty of New York and it laid the basis for happy and harmonious relations. He studied the country and the people and accomplished himself in all knowledge pertaining to both; and here the advantages of early education bore fruit. He surrounded himself "with books; and, in his self-decreed, official exile, he labored with his pen, telling posterity of the people among whom he lived. Most of his manuscripts perished in the burning of his home after his death; but enough "were rescued to attest the importance of the work, and these have been con fided to the Georgia Historical Society in Savannah. Says Colonel Chappell: "The interest which they once excited has long since become extinct, with the melancholy fortunes of the rude people to which they relate; yet it may be that, when ransacked and studied hereafter, in distant times, they "will furnish to some child of genius yet unborn both material and inspiration for an immortal Indian epic of which the world will not tire.''
24 GEOBGIA'S LANDMARKS,. MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
The Creek Indians, under the proconsular sway of Colonel Hawking, enjoyed for sixteen years an unbroken peace among themselves and with the people of Georgia. Much was done to encourage them in the arts of civiliza tion. They were taught pasturage and agriculture, and these supplanted in a measure dependence upon hunting and fishing as chief sources of food. He sought to win them by example as well as by precept. He brought his slaves from North Carolina and, under the right conceded to his office, he cultivated a large plantation at the Agency, making immense crops, especially of corn. He also reared great herds of cattle and swine, and havingthus1 an abundance he was enabled to practice habitually toward the Indians a profuse though coarse hospitality and to bind them to him by loyal ties of friendship. The sanctity with which the Indians throughout the nation regarded his cattle was pronounced. "Whatever bore his mark or brand was absolutely safe. Milk was measured by barrels and churned by machinery, and great were the outcomes; yet not more than enough for his vast hospi tality to whites and Indians and his regal munificence to his negroes. Says Colonel Chappell: "Had the great pastoral bards of antiquity not sung and died before his day they could have seized upon these scenes and cele brated them in strains more wonderful than anything to be found in the charming bucolics which they have left us."
But at length there arose adverse influences so power ful that it was impossible for Colonel Hawkins with all his weight of authority among the Indians to maintain peace in the nation. The war of 1812 began to stir the embers. Great Britain, through her numerous emissaries among the Indians, by liberal supplies of arms, and by other means at her command, had been fomenting hostility among the north-western tribes, toward the United States ; and, succeeding along the border, she next
THE OLD INDIAN CREEK AGENCY
25
directed her attention to the Southern and "Western tribes. The eloquence of the famous Indian warrior Tecumseh was enlisted; and since he was himself of Creek lineage he succeeded in arousing- the residuum of suppressed enmity and in kindling' the hostile fires. Still it speaks in attestation of the influence of Colonel Hawkins that a large portion of the Creek territory, viz., the rich domain between the Ocmulgee and the Chattahoochee, was never the seat of War.
This exemption was due to the fact that the official residence of Colonel Hawkins, having been first on the Ocmulg'ee, opposite Macon, and afterwards on the Flint at the place still called the "Old Agency," his personal influence was here much greater than further to the west; and the Indians within this belt became the fast friends and allies of the whites. For the purpose of protecting' them the friendly warriors organized themselves into a regiment of which Colonel Hawkins became the titular head but lie never took the field in person, deeming it wiser to place the actual command upon the uoble chief, William Mclntosh. Like McGrillivray, the latter was only of the half-blood in the civilization of lineage but he was of the 'whole blood in the loftier and finer traits of character. The result was that the few hostile Indians scattered throughout this belt merged themselves into the belligerent elements on the upper tributaries of the Alabama. There they stood at bay and fought and fell in many a battle uuder the blows of Old Hickory. Eventually in 1814, at Fort Jackson, near the confluence of the Coosa and the Tallapoosa rivers, Jackson received the absolute surrender of the crushed nation. The spirit of the Creek Confederacy was broken. Colonel Hawkins was profoundly saddened by the fate of those "whom he had long cherished as his children. Undoubtedly it hastened his death.
Kven the three great friendly chiefs, Big ^Varrior, Little Prince, and General Macintosh were cut to the heart by the stern demands from "Washington City, dictating
26
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND TJEGENDS
the terms of peace and marking the narrow bounds of the vanquished savages. How much was taken from them and how little was' left to them, constitutes one of the most pathetic events in our Anglo-American and Indian annals. Big- Warrior, regarded as one of nature's great men, perhaps the ahlest of Indian statesmen, upbraided Colonel Hawking for having' persuaded him and so niany of his chiefs to be neutral in the war against his people. For years afterwnrd the story nsed to be told of ho\v the big tears stood in the eyes of the aged Indian agent as he listened in silence to a reproach "which he did not deserve but which he was powerless to answer.*
*Big "Warrior was so named on account of his great size. Says Colonel
he was not so corpulent as to be unwieldly or ungainly. In fact, his corpu lency added to the magnificence of his appearance. Tn person, he was to a high degree grand and. imposing. Tus-te-nug-gee Thluc-co was his Indian name. Colonel Hawkins first met him a.t Coleraine in 1790, and they -were
plain but civilized style, and was a man of wealth."
CHAPTER IV
Barnsley Gardens: A Lost Arcadia
SIX miles from Kingston, Gfa., 'may still "be seen the picturesque ruins of one of the most palatial old homes in the South, a sort of Alhambra, in some respects, not unlike the wasted citadel of the Moors. The locality is today Imown by the name of Barnslcy Gardens ; and standing' amid the pathetic remnants of this old estate once feudal in magnificence it is not difficult for the imagination to picture here a castle with ivy covered walls such as might have overlooked the Rhine or the Danube in the middle ages. The story connected with it is full of romantic elements. To a resident of Kingston who has often visited this historic spot we are indebted for the following particulars:*
Three quarters of a century ago, Mr. Godfrey Barnsley, one of Savannah's captains of industry, decided to establish such an estate as he remembered to have seen in England, his native land. So he purchased from the Oherokee Indians 10,000 acres of ground in what is now the county of Bartow. Gradually he cleared away the forest and turned the red hills into cotton fields and built a stately manor house where it overlooked a magnificent sweep of country, reaching far back until bine hills merged into bluer skies. He then planted around it the famous gardens which for two generations have been a Mecca for pleasnre seekers and holiday excursionists in this part of Georgia.
Miss Belle Eayless.
28
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
To embellish the gardens, rare trees and shrubs and plants were brought hither from the most remote corners of the earth. Some of these still nourish amid the decay into which everything else has1 fallen. Hemlocks and spruces from Norway may still he seen brushing the old terraces "with verdant branches of evergreen. Scotch rowans glow with scarlet berries' in the autumn. Lindens and other foreign shade trees' vie with those of the native woods in adding picturesqueness to the naturally beautiful location; while great lichen-covered boulders, hauled by ox-teams from the surrounding mountain-tops, form rookeries on either side of the main entrance to the grounds. The drive-way sweeps up the long hill and around the box-bordered area which encloses a central fountain just in front of an embroidered terrace. Mr. Barnsley, like his forebears, built always "with an eye to the future and did not hasten his work. So the Civil War came on before the interior of the house was finished and the gold which he had Bent to TDngland came back to re-enforce the coffers of the Confederate government.
Domestic industries were fostered on this baronial estate of IVTr. !BarnsIey; for not only the manor house itself but the quarters' for servants and the small office buildings on the estate were constructed of brick made by slave labor from materials found on the plantation. The palatial old home place was divided into three parts --the central being two stories in height and surmounted by a tower. The main entrance to the hou.se was ap proached by marble steps. On either side of the hallway were spacious drawing rooms, libraries, and the like, with sleeping apartments above, sixteen in all. The right wing contained an immense dining room or banquet ball, on the first floor, besides billiard and smoking rooms, with kitchen, store rooms, and cellars below. The left wing was used for temporary residence purposes while the rest of the building was in process of erection. The owner was not to be deprived of any of the luxuries of life
BARNSLEY GARDENS
29
merely because lie lived in the country; so, on the tower, a cistern was built to which pipes were laid and a reser voir constructed in one of the chimneys to furnish hot water for the lavatories. Plans 'were also made for lighting the house by means of a gas made from resinous pine.
In the rear of the manor house is another terrace; and here we find a ghost walk, for a castle without a prome nade for spooks at the 'witching- hour of midnight is romantically incomplete. Just over the brow of the hill is the grave of Colonel Earl, a Confederate officer, who was buried on the spot where he fell during the Civil War. Relatives came to remove his body but they could get no one to dig into the earth, so strong was the superstitious feeling among the mountaineers; and even to this day the locality furnishes material for weird tales among the country folks.
At tine foot of the slope is one of the prettiest spots in which the imagination could possibly revel. It is the ivycovered spring-house set against the out-cropping gray rock. Inside a bold spring bubbles up and finds' its way out and across the fields "where it becomes a good-sized stream. And "who could wish better dairy products than the milk and butter cooled in such pure water? One can almost fancy here a sprightly Lady Betty presiding over the burnished vessels and scolding her maids for some trivial neglect; or more realistic still, Madame Barnsley-- nee Miss Scarlctt, one of the South's great beauties-- standing in the shadow of the half-circle of live-oaks about the door, directing her servants as does her grand daughter, the present chatelaine.
But Mr. Barnsley, in gratifying his artistic tastes, did not stop "with plants and flowers for his extensive grounds. He was also an industrious collector of rare curios, objects' of virtu, costly bric-a-brac, and expensive orna ments. His mahogany dining-table--which was large enough to seat forty people--and Ms elegant side-board,
30 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
which was of equally generous proportions, were made for Emperor Dom Pedro of Brazil. The gilt library clock once belonged to Marie Antoinette; and an exquisite marquetry table, together "with several delicate wood carvings, had bits of history connected with them. Over the dining room fire-place Imng a rare painting. Its wealth of color undimmed by several centuries and its resemblance to Murillo's Madonnas told of the influence of the great Spanish master; while a built-in vault con tained a quantity of family silver. In one of the bed rooms was a mahogany bed-stead of huge proportions, but the four eagles intended to surmount the posts stood demurely in a corner, for not even the high ceiling of this spacious boudoir would permit them to occupy the places intended for them, as guardians of the curtains' of yellow satin damask. Wardrobe and dresser matched the bed, all heavy, hand-carved and handsome.
But these, together with a quantity of rare old wine, were taken to New York a decade ago and sold, the deal ers paying only a. song for what was worth almost a king's ransom.
Today the Last Sigh of the Moor seems aptly to fit the old place. Time has wrought fearful havoc. The Barnsley household has scattered to every continent on the globe; a cyclone unroofed the main house years ago; members of a vandal picnic party daubed tar over the front walls, while others amused themselves by shatter ing window panes; and the one time immaculate flower beds are now "waist-high in weeds. It is "well nigh im possible to maintain so large an establishment now-a' days, "when labor for necessary "work can scarcely be obtained for love or money; but rich minerals recently discovered on the property may yet provide the means not only for making needed repairs but for realizing the splendid dream of the founder of Barnsley Gardens.
CHAPTER V
Shellman Heights: A Romance of Sherman's March
O N January 1, 1911, there fell a prey to the devouring flames a splendid old mansion on the Etowah, near Cartersville, known as Shellman Heights. It crowned an eminence overlooking the river and represented an investment of s'everal thousand dollars, not a penny of which could be recovered for lack of insurance. Little survives to mark the spot; but associa ted with it there is a romance of the sixties surpassing anything1 which has1 yet been reproduced in the melo dramas. Shellman Heights was built in 1861 by Captain Charles Sliellman, and the first mistress1 of the mansion was one of the famous belles of Bartow. As Miss Cecilia Stovall she spent her summers at West Point, and there she became a prime favorite among the young cadets at the military school. Within the circle of her most devoted admirers' "were Joseph Hooker and William T'ecumseh Sherman, both of whom were enthralled by the charms of this bewitchingly beautiful Southern girl. They were both handsome youths, and both destined to attain to high honors in the iron days of battle "which were soon to dawn upon the nation. But she married a man from the South, much to the chagrin of her disappointed worshipers.
Years elapsed. In the spring of 1864, General Sher man and General Hooker both halted at Shellman Heights, en route to New Hope Church where one of the
32 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS ANI> LEGENDS
great "battles of the campaign was afterwards fought. Oil approaching the mansion, which he was about to ransack, General Sherman "was attracted by the pathetic wails of an old negro servant who sat at the front entrance and, in accents hysterical with grief and fear, repeatedly sobbed:
"O, Lawd, what's Miss Cecilia gwine ter do now!" Catching the sound of a name "which was once charm ingly familiar to his ear, there flashed across the old soldier's mind a vision of ^Vest Point, and in a tone of inquiry -which betrayed some touch of tenderness he asked: "What is the full name of your mistress? Come, answer me quick!'' "Miss Cecilia Stovall Shellman," replied the dis tracted servant. "Why, that's my old sweetheart!" exclaimed the man of blood and iron. Tearing a leaf from his note-book, the grim warrior hastily scratched the following lines, addressed to Mrs. Cecilia Stovall Shellman:
"My dear Madam--You once said that you pitied the man who "would ever become my foe. My answer was that I woiild ever protect and shield you. That I have done. Forgive all else. I am but a soldier.
W. T. SHBBMAN.
Orders were immediately given to the soldiers to replace what they had taken, while a guard was stationed about the mansion to protect it from further molestation. Bveu iron will melt in the heat of a blaze fervent enough to soften it; and for the sake of an old love affair of his youth, the grim despoiler spared Shellman Heights. Sentiment often crops out in unexpected places. Now and then we find violets growing in the clefts of volcanic rocks. Sherman moved on. Later came Hooker, who learning the same particulars in regard to the owner ship of the mansion issued the same order to his troops.
HEIGHTS
33
It is said that another unsuccessful suitor for the hand of this beautiful Southern woman was gallant Dick Garnett, a young West Pointer, in charge of the arsenal at Augusta, then the girlhood home of Miss Stovall. To the handsome youth's proposal of marriage, the fair object of his affection was by no means indifferent. But the young girl's father did not favor this match. The lovers were forbidden to meet and the obstinate lass was finally sent to visit relatives in South Carolina. There was probably no objection to the young man him self. The best Virginia blood rippled his veins; but his profession was hazardous and his income small. Mr. Stovall wished to see his daughter wedded to a lord of many acres. In this whim he was gratified. While visit ing the Palmetto State, Miss Cecilia smiled on the suit of a gentleman to "whom her father interposed no objec tion and whos'e means enabled him to build for his bride the beautiful old home on the Etowah. But the young officer whose suit she was forced to decline always remained true to his first love. He never married; and when he fell on the battle-field of Gettysburg, in 1863, the image of sweet Cecilia Stovall still ruled the heart of General Richard B. Grarnett, one of the bravest soldiers in the Army of Northern Virginia.
CHAPTER VI
The "Lone Star" Flag of Texas Woven by a Georgia Woman
I T is a well authenticated fact that the famous "Lone Star" flag of Texan Independence was born on the soil of Georgia; and the beautiful emblem which, was destined to win historic immortality at Goliad was de signed by a young lady of Grawford County : Miss Joanna E. Troutman. The following account has been condensed from a brief history of tlie flag written by Mason's pioneer historian, Mr. John O. Butler, who was thoroughly con versant with the facts from the Georgia standpoint and whose story is corroborated by ail article found in an old copy of the Galveston News. Says Mr. Butler :*
"On November 12, 1835, a public meeting was held in Macon. Robert Augustus Beall, John Rutherford, and Samuel M. Strong were among1 the speakers who endorsed the claims of Texas. Lieutenant Hugii M. McL-eod, from West Point, addressed the meeting in a spirited appeal, pledging himself to resign his commission and to embark as a volunteer. He declared that what Texas needed was soldiers--not resolutions.
"Captain Levi Eeldey, commander of the Bibb Cav alry, presided, with Simri Rose as secretary. Colonel William A. Ward, of Macon, proposed to form a company of infantry to enlist in the Army of Texas, whereupon thirty-two gentlemen came forward arid enrolled as vol-
"Historical Record of Macon, by John C. Butler, Macon, 1879, pp. 131-137.
THE "LONB STAR" FLAG OP TEXAS
35
unteers. On motion, the cliair appointed General It. A. Beall, Colonel H. G. Lamar, Colonel T. G. Holt, James A. Nisbet, Esq., and Dr. Robert Collins, a committee to solicit subscriptions; and before the meeting adjourned $3,150 was handed in to the committee, Dr. Colling paying in cash the greater part of the amount.
"As the company passed through other towns en route to Texas other recruits "were added. At rxnoxville, in Crawford County, Miss Joanna E. Troutman--after wards Mrs. Vinson--a daughter of Hiram B. Troutman, made and sent a beautiful banner of white silk, with a blue lone star upon it, to Lieutenant McLeod to present to the company at Columbus. The following is a copy of the letter acknowledging the receipt of the flag:
COLUMBUS, GA. ? November 23, 1835.
"Miss JOAJNKA :
"Colonel "Ward brought your handsome and appro
priate flag as a present to the Georgia Volunteers in the
cause of Texas and Liberty. I was fearful from the
shortness of the time that you would not be able to
finish it as tastefully as you would wish, but I assure
you, without an emotion of flattery, it is beautiful,
and with us the value is enhanced by the recollection of
the donor. I thank you for the honor of being the medium
of presentation to the company; and, if they are what
every true Georgian ought to be, your flag will yet wave
over fields-of victory in defiance of despotism. I hope
the proud day may soon arrive, and while your star pre
sides none can doubt of success.
Very respectfully your friend,
Signed:
HUGH:
"This patriotic standard, made in Crawford County, by Miss Troutman, became renowned in the history of the gallant young republic as the first flag of the Lone Star State ever unfurled on Texas soil! As they were not permitted to organize within the limits of the United
36 GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND IJEGENDS
States, Colonel "Ward proceeded -with his followers to Texas, where they were organized according to regula tions. He gathered about one hundred and twenty men who were formed into three companies. These were then organized into a battalion, the officers of which were: "William A. Ward, major; William J. Mitchell, surgeon; David I. Holt, quartermaster; and Henderson Cozart, assistant quartermaster. The captains -were: W. A. O. "Wads-worth, James C. "Winn and Uriah J. Bulloch.
"After several engagements with the Mexicans, the "battalion joined the command of Colonel Fannin and formed a regiment by electing- Fannin colonel and "Ward lieutenant-colonel. The regiment numbered five hundred and was stationed at Fort GoJiad. On March 13, 1836, the original battalion, Tinder Ward, was sent thirty miles to the relief of Captain King who had thirty men pro tecting a number of families in the neighborhood of a church at the mission of Befiigio. On the arrival of the battalion, they found Captain King surrounded by a larg'e force of Mexicans who disappeared on discovering that he was re-onforeecl. Afterwards, on leaving the mission, King, with his command, was captured and Trilled.
"Re-enforced to the number of fourteen hundred men, the Mexicans then intercepted Ward, who retired to the church. Breast-works were made by the battalion of pews, grave-stones, fences and other things, and the fire of the Mexicans was resisted for two days, -with a loss to the enemy of one hundred and fifty men, and of only six to the Americans. But the ammunition of the battalion was exhausted on the third day of the battle, when Colonel "Ward was reHictantly forced to capitulate, sig-ning the regular articles according to the rules of war.
"It wa,s stipulated that the battalion would be re turned to the United States in eight days. Colonel Fan nin, in the meantime, sent four different conriers to ascertain the cause of Wa,rd's delay, each of whom was captured and shot by the Mexicans. The latter -were again heavily re-enforced and advanced upon Fort
THE "LONE STAB" FLAG OF TEXAS
37
Goliad. (See elsewhere an account of the massacre of Fannin's men, a large percentage of whom were Geor gians). Ward's battalion was included in this massacre, having been brought in as prisoners of war.
"From an old copy of the Galveston Neivs the follow ing account is taken: ' The flag' of the Lone Star which was first unfurled in Texas was borne by the Georgia battalion, commanded by the late Lieutenant-Colonel Ward, who with almost his entire command was massa cred at Goliad, in the spring of 1836, in what is known as 'Fannin's Massacre,' he being- next in command to the lamented Colonel James W. Fannin. The flag was presented to Colonel Ward's command as they passed through I^noxville, Crowford County, Ga., by the beauti ful Miss Joanna E. Troutman. It was made of plain white silk, bearing an azure star of five points. On one side "was the inscription in rich but chaste colors : 'Liberty or Death'; and, on the other, the patriotic Latin motto: 'Vbi Libertas habitat, ibi nostra patria est.' "*
"The flag was first unfurled at Velasco on January 8, 1836. It floated to the breeze from the same liberty pole -with the first flag of Independence -which had just been brought from Goliad by the valorous Captain Wil liam Brown. What became of the flag of Independence we do not know, but the beautiful star of azure was borne by Pannin's regiment to Goliad, and there gracefully floated from the staff. On March 8, 1836, an express arrived at Goliad from Washington, on the Brazos, offici ally announcing that the convention then in session had formally made solemn declaration that Texas was no longer a Mexican province but a free and independent republic.
"Amid the roar of artillery, the beautiful 'Banner of
"Wllere Liberty resides, the
38
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMOKIATJS AND LEGENDS
the Ijone Star' was hoisted to tlie top of the flag staff, where it proudly streamed over tlie hoary ramparts and the time-shattered battlements of Ija Balria. But just as the sunset gun was fired and the usual attempt was made to lower the colors, by some unlucky mishap, the beautiful silk banner became entangled in the halyards and was torn to pieces. Only a small fragment remained adjusted to the flag staff; and when Colonel E'V-mnin evacuated Goliad to join General Houston, in accordance with received orders, the last remnant of the first 'Flag of the Lone Star' was still fluttering at the top of the staff from which first floated the flag of Tcxan Inde pendence.
"With the capture of Santa Anna, at the battle of San .Tacinto, the silver service of the wily commander was also captured, and some of the trophies of victory, including his massive forks and spoons, were forwarded by Genera] Rusk to Miss Troutman, in token of the regard which this Georgia lady had inspired in the stern, scarred patriots of the Revolution. On the meeting of the first Congress, the Flag of the Tjone Star was adopted as the flag of the Republic and the seals of office ordered engraved with the star upon them. The public recognition of the maternity of the first Flag of the Lone Star as be longing to Georgia was made by General Memmican Hunt, the first minister from the Republic of Texas to the United States.
CHAPTER VII
"Little Giffen of Tennessee": How a Famous Ballad Came to be Written
I X the opinion of literary critics, ' * "Little Giffen of Tennessee" deservedly ranks among1 the most famous war ballads of the Knglish language. The author of the poem, Dr. Frank O. Ticknor. "was an eminent physi cian of Columbus, Ga.; and in going the rounds of his country practice, he often amused himself by dashing' off spirited lines, not a few of which were written on the backs of prescription blanks. His poems while lacking perhaps in literary finish are replete "with lyric fire and sweetness. Most of them are merely song-skele tons but they possess a rythm "most captivating to the ear. "Little Griffon" was written during the last year of the war and the circumstances which led to the composition of the famous ballad are narrated in the following- graphic sketch from the pen of Colonel Charles ,J. Swift, a resi dent of the city of Oolurribns, and a prominent member of the Georgia bar. The sketch contains the first authen tic account which has yet appeared in print.*
' ' After the battl e of Ch i ckama uga, th ere "was con tinual fighting between the two hostile armies from Dalton to the Chattahoochce River. The pressure of the advancing' enemy was persistent, but at every stand he
rticle published in the Colu
40
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND
"was opposed by the stubborn resistance of the retreating" foe, under G-en. Johnston, "who adopted the tactics of the famous Roman general Fabius Maximus, in order to draw Gen. Slierman from his base of supplies. Gen. Johnston was removed in the summer of 1864, and the determination of what the final issne of his plans might have been has become purely a matter of speculation.
''Gen. Hood succeeded Gen. Johnston in command. Subsequent to the battles of Murfreesboro, Cliickamauga, etc., the cities and towns which could be conveniently reached by train from Atlanta began to receive a great many sick and wounded Confederate soldiers. These increased as Johnston's army approached Atlanta, and the battles1 between Hood and Sherman caused every available building" in these cities and towns to be converted into Confederate hospitals. One of these in Columbus was the old Banks building" on the east side of Broad street, nearly opposite the fire engine house. One of the inmates of this hospital was a mere youth., so badly wounded in one of his legs, that gangrene had supervened.
''Dr. Carlisle Terry, then and afterwards a leading physician of Columbus, was the g-eneral surg'eon in charge of the hospitals. Mrs. Evelyn P. Carter, Mrs. ~W. D"Woolfolk and Mrs. Rosa N. Ticknor "were sisters, "who, with other ladies of Columbus, made frequent visits to the hospitals to minister to the sick and wounded. These sisters were the daughters of Major Thos. M. Nelson, formerly of Virginia, and related to the Byrds, Pages and Nelsons, who have been distinguished in the Old Dominion from the earliest Colonial days.
"In going through the old Banks building hospital, Mrs. Ticknor and her sisters came to the cot on which was lying the wounded youth. He was very young, and was wasted away to a mere skeleton, and so weak and emaciated that he seemed more dead than alive. Moved by an unusual sympathy and motherly tenderness that the sacrifice of war and the toll of battle should include
* ( LITTLE GIFFEN OF TENNESSEE"
41
one so young1, they asked permission to remove him and to take him to one of their homes. Dr. Terry looked at the apparently dying" soldier lad and consented to his removal but said somewhat sardonically to the visitors, that they would probably be put to the trouble of sending him back dead, in a day or two.
"Following- these preliminaries at the hospital, New ton Giffen was taken to the home of Dr. and Mrs. Ticknor, at Torch Hill, five miles south of Columlms. For days and nights the unequal struggle went on, between the faintest signs of life in the patient and the gangrenous poison which pervaded his system. But Torch. Hill was on the heights where the breezes were refreshing and the air pure and balmy, and there 'Tjittle Giffen' had a physician's attention and the gentlest nursing' from the host, her sisters, and others in this 'Southern home. When he had somewhat advanced toward, recovery he told them that he was Newton Giffen from. East Ten nessee, where his mother AY as still living; that he could neither read nor write; that since he had enlisted in the army he had been in eighteen battles and had been wounded seriously for the first time by the one which had brought him to his present affliction.
"Dr. Douglas O. Ticknor, son of the poet, is UOAV a practicing- physician in Columbus. To avoid seeming' anachronisms in the recital, this Dr. Tickuor will be in several places spoken of as Douglas. He was about six years younger than Newton Giffen, but as the eldest of the Ticknor children, ho well, remembers the request his mother and aunts made to take Newton from the hospital, and he has never forgotten his impression of Dr. Terry's manner and expression, betokening- the utter uselessness of the change to save the life of the patient.
"At Torch Hill, Newton's improvement was slow and protracted. "When he was able to sit up and to prop himself on his elbow, he took his first daily lessons in
4:2
GEORGIA'S LANDMARKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
the art of reading and writing". This latter accomplish ment enabled him to pen liis first letter to his mother fa? away in the "wilderness of her Tennessee mountain home. The second letter was to his captain. The one written to his mother probably never reached its destination, but the one to his captain did, and the answer "was almost literally as the poem has it. "When Newton was able to get out of doors, he and Douglas Ticknor were good chums and companions. The latter recalls that Newton was very industrious, gave a great deal of a ttention to the wrapping of the apple trees to keep the rabbita from eating the bark, and that both of them went forth on occasions to pick blackberry leaves to make green tea. ])r. Douglas Ticknov describes Newton as having very light hair, fair complexion, of unusual tallness for his age, and very thin.
".Before he had entirely recovered, Newton received a letter from his captain urging him to return to his company at the earliest possible moment. On receipt of this letter, Newton made preparations for an immediate start. Tie bade a tearful fa re well to T)r. and Mrs. Ticknor and all the members of the family and promised, if spared, to write to them. His manly character and bear ing, his sincerity and gratitude left no room for doubt that he would write at the first opportunity; but no letter ever came. Hence the inference by those who were look ing for a letter from their former charge, that he had been killed in the first engagement after his return to the front. This is the only statement in the poem which cannot be positively substantiated. All others are actual facts--so much so, indeed, that when Dr. Ticknor wrote 'Little Giffen,' he road the first draft of it to Mrs. Ticknor and was about to tear it up, remarking 'it was too true to be good poetry/ Mrs. Ticknor interposed and saved the poem from destruction.
"On the morning- when Newton Giffen left Torch Hill on his way to his company, passage was taken on an old
"LITTLE G-iPF'Eisr OF TENNESSEE"
' 43
gray army horse, Newton riding in front and Douglas riding behind. Getting' near to T3ull Creek bridge, about half way between Torch Hill and Columbus, they found the waters of the creek at flood height and covering- all the lower lands on the wide of their approach to the bridge. The old horse, getting' a little off the road where the water covered it, fell into a big' washout and in strng'gling to extricate themselves, both of the boys were mihorsed, and came near being" swept down the stream and drowned. Douglas Ticknor and the horse got ashore on the side next to home. 'Little Griffen' "was carried by the current to a point whore he gained a footing1 close to the bridge. Abont the time the excitement and danger was over, a negro drove up with a four-mule team on his way to Columbus. .FTe kept in the track of the submerged road and met with no mishap such as that to the boys and the old gray horse. With no other possession than his dripping and muddy clothes, 'Little Giffcii' climbed into the four-horse wagon and standing up "waved a last fare well to his friend, Doug'las, on the other side of the raging waters.
"It is said by some that Xewton was wounded in the battle of Mnrfrecsboro. However, it is raore probable that he was wounded \n the battle of Chicktvmauga, Sept. 10, 1.8G3. This would not be inconsistent with the order' of time belonging to the events of which the poem treats. The letter that Newton received urging- his return, was very likely co-eval with the general order by Jolmston for bis officers and captains to g'et every man back to his command who migiit be able to return.
"Many of the surviving veterans of the army of Ten nessee under Jolmston remember the urgency of these recalls. It is very well established that * Little Giffen's' name "was .Isaac Xewton Giffeii, and that his father was a blacksmith. He was brought to Columbus in September, 1863, and left Torch Hill in March, 1864. The big- over-
44 GEORGIA'S LAKDMABKS, MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS
flow at Bull creek bridge was presumably from the equi noctial storm.
" Johnston took command of the army of Tennessee in December, 3864. Tlie winter having1 ended, the opera tions known as the Dalton-Atlanta campaign commenced in the spring, after this; and it is more than likely that in making* readiness for this campaign, 'TAttle Giffen' and other absentees received notices to return to the front. Dr. Ticknor was born in Jones county, Georgia, and in 1874, he died in Columbus, Ga., in his fifty-second year. He is buried in Linwood cemetery, in Columbus. Mrs. Ticknor is in her eightieth year, (1909), and is living- in Albany, Ga., with her son, Mr. Thos. M. Tick nor."
Such in brief is the history of this famous ballad whose exquisite versification has charmed the ears of thousands oil both sides of the 'water. The poem has been translated into numerous foreign tongues. Though written at random, in the nervous style of one whose time was largely consumed by the "weighty cares of his profes sion and whose incense to the muses was offered at odd intervals, this unpremeditated song1 is nevertheless one of the gems of the war period of American letters. It is practically certain that Little Giffen fell in battle soon after leaving Torch Hill. The character of the lad, his promise to write if spared, the kindness which was lav ished upon him by devoted friends, the sense of gratitude which he must have felt for favors received, and the long silence which followed his departure, these preclude the supposition that he could possibly have survived the clash into which he again plunged. Doubtless he was numbered among' the unknown dead in one of the battles which occurred soon thereafter; but Dr. Ticknor has happily rescued the lad's name from oblivion and blazed it im mortally upon the heights of song.
CHAPTER VIII
James Ryder Randall: Origin of "Maryland, My Maryland"
I T is not the least among the favors which Fortune has showered upon Augusta that it was long the home of the gifted poet who wrote the immortal war-lyric: "Maryland, My Maryland." James Kyder Randall was by destiny a Georgian. Though, horn in Baltimore, Md., January 1, 1839, he died in Augusta, Q-a., January 15, 1908. For many years he was an honored and beloved editor on the staff of the Chronicle; arid his ashes today rest in Augusta's beautiful city of the dead. Between the dates which measured his useful life he saw much of the world. At Georgetown, 13. C., he received his educa tion; he taught for a while in Poydras College in Ijouisiana; and then he drifted to New Orleans. On account of hemorrhages from the lungs he was mustered out of the service shortly after enlistment in 1861; but there was not a soldier in the ranks who possessed more of the fire of battle. lie resided for a brief period at Anniston, Ala., an industrial center, "where he edited the Hot-Blast; but, to quote the Macon Telegraph, "for Kandall to be at the head of a journal devoted to such hard facts as pigiron looks to us like putting Saladin to carving1 gate-pegs with a scimitar."
He was at o
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Hudson’s Bay Company Archives - Biographical Sheets
Search for employee biographical sheets for individuals who worked for Hudsons Bay Company and/or the North West Company. Please note that these information sheets have not been created for all former employees.
Biographical sheets provide a good starting point for research but are not a comprehensive source of information on an individual; there may be other related records in the HBCA holdings. The information included in the biographical sheets has been derived from HBCA records and other sources; however, verification of facts against the original or microfilmed records is advisable.
Employee biographical sheets are organized alphabetically by surname. Spellings of names may vary.
Please note that the dates attached to each individual refer their birth (b.), death (d.), approximate dates (ca.) and/or the period during which the person was active in the HBC (fl.). For a more detailed explanation of the biographical information sheets, please see The Biographical Sheet Revealed (PDF).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Carter
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Frederick Carter
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Newfoundland politician
Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter, (February 12, 1819 – March 1, 1900) was a lawyer and Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1865 to 1870 and from 1874 to 1878.
Career
[edit]
Carter was the son of Peter Weston Carter[2] grandson of William Carter and great-grandson of Robert Carter, who was appointed justice of the peace at Ferryland in 1750. In 1855, he was elected to the House of Assembly as a Conservative and was Speaker from 1861 to 1865. In 1865 he succeeded Sir Hugh Hoyles as Prime Minister.
Carter was a supporter of Canadian confederation having been a delegate to the 1864 Quebec conference.[3] However, the Conservatives were defeated on the Confederation issue in the November 1869 election by the Anti-Confederation Party led by Charles Fox Bennett. Even though Newfoundland did not join the confederation until 1949, Carter is considered one of the Fathers of Confederation. Carter became Premier a second time in 1874, serving until 1878, but had dropped the issue of joining Canada. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1878.
In 1880 Carter was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland, succeeding Sir Hugh Hoyles, and served in the post until 1898.[4] During his term as Chief Justice, Carter was a valued advisor for the Colonial Governors of Newfoundland and acted as administrator of the colony in their absence.[5]
Carter was a Freemason of St. John's Lodge, No. 579, a Newfoundland lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England.[6]
He died in St. John's, Newfoundland in early March 1900.[7]
Family
[edit]
Carter married, in 1846, Eliza Bayly, daughter of George Bayly, Controller of HM Customs, Newfoundland. The couple had eleven children.
References
[edit]
Hiller, J.K. (1990). "Carter, Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter
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Predator Kill List
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A complete bodycount over the main characters and the Predators kills. Note: the numbers has been gathered from AOBG. The Face huggers and the Dog Predators has been omitted. The Alien Queen from Alien vs. Predator has been omitted as well, due to being a CGI creation. For more action-packed info please visit: www.allouttabubblegum.com
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IMDb
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https://www.imdb.com/list/ls027485237/
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With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick Austrian accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California!?
The amazing story of megastar Arnold Schwarzenegger is a true "rags to riches" tale of a penniless immigrant making it in the land of opportunity, the United States of America. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born July 30, 1947, in the town of Thal, Styria, Austria, to Aurelia Schwarzenegger (born Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger, the local police chief. From a young age, he took a keen interest in physical fitness and bodybuilding, going on to compete in several minor contests in Europe. However, it was when he emigrated to the United States in 1968 at the tender age of 21 that his star began to rise.
Up until the early 1970s, bodybuilding had been viewed as a rather oddball sport, or even a mis-understood "freak show" by the general public, however two entrepreneurial Canadian brothers Ben Weider and Joe Weider set about broadening the appeal of "pumping iron" and getting the sport respect, and what better poster boy could they have to lead the charge, then the incredible "Austrian Oak", Arnold Schwarzenegger. Over roughly the next decade, beginning in 1970, Schwarzenegger dominated the sport of competitive bodybuilding winning five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles and, with it, he made himself a major sports icon, he generated a new international audience for bodybuilding, gym memberships worldwide swelled by the tens of thousands and the Weider sports business empire flourished beyond belief and reached out to all corners of the globe. However, Schwarzenegger's horizons were bigger than just the landscape of bodybuilding and he debuted on screen as "Arnold Strong" in the low budget Hercules in New York (1970), then director Bob Rafelson cast Arnold in Mister Universum (1976) alongside Jeff Bridges and Sally Field, for which Arnold won a Golden Globe Award for "Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture". The mesmerizing Pumping Iron (1977) covering the 1975 Mr Olympia contest in South Africa has since gone on to become one of the key sports documentaries of the 20th century, plus Arnold landed other acting roles in the comedy Kaktus Jack (1979) opposite Kirk Douglas, and he portrayed Mickey Hargitay in the well- received TV movie Die Jayne Mansfield Story (1980).
What Arnold really needed was a super hero / warrior style role in a lavish production that utilized his chiseled physique, and gave him room to show off his growing acting talents and quirky humor. Conan, der Barbar (1982) was just that role. Inspired by the Robert E. Howard short stories of the "Hyborean Age" and directed by gung ho director John Milius, and with a largely unknown cast, save Max von Sydow and James Earl Jones, "Conan" was a smash hit worldwide and an inferior, although still enjoyable sequel titled Conan der Zerstörer (1984) quickly followed. If "Conan" was the kick start to Arnold's movie career, then his next role was to put the pedal to the floor and accelerate his star status into overdrive. Director James Cameron had until that time only previously directed one earlier feature film titled Fliegende Killer - Piranha II (1982), which stank of rotten fish from start to finish. However, Cameron had penned a fast paced, science fiction themed film script that called for an actor to play an unstoppable, ruthless predator - Terminator (1984). Made on a relatively modest budget, the high voltage action / science fiction thriller Terminator (1984) was incredibly successful worldwide, and began one of the most profitable film franchises in history. The dead pan phrase "I'll be back" quickly became part of popular culture across the globe. Schwarzenegger was in vogue with action movie fans, and the next few years were to see Arnold reap box office gold in roles portraying tough, no-nonsense individuals who used their fists, guns and witty one-liners to get the job done. The testosterone laden Phantom Kommando (1985), Der City Hai (1986), Predator (1987), Running Man (1987) and Red Heat (1988) were all box office hits and Arnold could seemingly could no wrong when it came to picking winning scripts. The tongue-in-cheek comedy Twins - Zwillinge (1988) with co-star Danny DeVito was a smash and won Arnold new fans who saw a more comedic side to the muscle- bound actor once described by Australian author / TV host Clive James as "a condom stuffed with walnuts". The spectacular Total Recall - Die totale Erinnerung (1990) and "feel good" Kindergarten Cop (1990) were both solid box office performers for Arnold, plus he was about to return to familiar territory with director James Cameron in Terminator 2: Tag der Abrechnung (1991). The second time around for the futuristic robot, the production budget had grown from the initial film's $6.5 million to an alleged $100 million for the sequel, and it clearly showed as the stunning sequel bristled with amazing special effects, bone-crunching chases & stunt sequences, plus state of the art computer-generated imagery. Terminator 2: Tag der Abrechnung (1991) was arguably the zenith of Arnold's film career to date and he was voted "International Star of the Decade" by the National Association of Theatre Owners.
Remarkably, his next film Last Action Hero (1993) brought Arnold back to Earth with a hard thud as the self-satirizing, but confusing plot line of a young boy entering into a mythical Hollywood action film confused movie fans even more and they stayed away in droves making the film an initial financial disaster. Arnold turned back to good friend, director James Cameron and the chemistry was definitely still there as the "James Bond" style spy thriller True Lies - Wahre Lügen (1994) co-starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Tom Arnold was the surprise hit of 1994! Following the broad audience appeal of True Lies - Wahre Lügen (1994), Schwarzenegger decided to lean towards more family-themed entertainment with Junior (1994) and Versprochen ist versprochen (1996), but he still found time to satisfy his hard-core fan base with Eraser (1996), as the chilling "Mr. Freeze" in Batman & Robin (1997) and battling dark forces in the supernatural action of End of Days - Nacht ohne morgen (1999). The science fiction / conspiracy tale The 6th Day (2000) played to only mediocre fan interest, and Collateral Damage - Zeit der Vergeltung (2002) had its theatrical release held over for nearly a year after the tragic events of Sept 11th 2001, but it still only received a lukewarm reception.
It was time again to resurrect Arnold's most successful franchise and, in 2003, Schwarzenegger pulled on the biker leathers for the third time for Terminator 3: Rebellion der Maschinen (2003). Unfortunately, directorial duties passed from James Cameron to Jonathan Mostow and the deletion of the character of "Sarah Connor" aka Linda Hamilton and a change in the actor playing "John Connor" - Nick Stahl took over from Edward Furlong - making the third entry in the "Terminator" series the weakest to date.
Schwarzenegger married TV journalist Maria Shriver in April, 1986 and the couple have four children.
In October of 2003 Schwarzenegger, running as a Republican, was elected Governor of California in a special recall election of then governor Gray Davis. The "Governator," as Schwarzenegger came to be called, held the office until 2011. Upon leaving the Governor's mansion it was revealed that he had fathered a child with the family's live-in maid and Shriver filed for divorce.
Schwarzenegger contributed cameo roles to Welcome to the Jungle (2003), In 80 Tagen um die Welt (2004) and The Kid & I (2005). Recently, he starred in The Expendables 2 (2012), The Last Stand (2013), Escape Plan (2013), The Expendables 3 (2014), and Terminator - Genisys (2015).
Actor, producer and humanitarian Danny Glover has been a commanding presence on screen, stage and television for more than 35 years.
Glover was born in San Francisco, California, to Carrie (Hunley) and James Glover, postal workers who were also active in civil rights. Glover trained at the Black Actors' Workshop of the American Conservatory Theater. It was his Broadway debut in Fugard's Master Harold...and the Boys, which brought him to national recognition and led director Robert Benton to cast Glover in his first leading role in 1984's Oscar®-nominated Best Picture Places in the Heart.
The following year, Glover starred in two more Best Picture nominees: Peter Weir's Witness and Steven Spielberg's The Color Purple. In 1987, Glover partnered with Mel Gibson in the first Lethal Weapon film and went on to star in three hugely successful Lethal Weapon sequels. Glover has also invested his talents in more personal projects, including the award-winning To Sleep With Anger, which he executive produced and for which he won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor; Bopha!; Manderlay; Missing in America; and the film version of Athol Fugard's play Boesman and Lena. On the small screen, Glover won an Image Award and a Cable ACE Award and earned an Emmy nomination for his performance in the title role of the HBO movie Mandela. He has also received Emmy nominations for his work in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove and the telefilm Freedom Song. As a director, he earned a Daytime Emmy nomination for Showtime's Just a Dream.
Glover's film credits range from the blockbuster Lethal Weapon franchise to smaller independent features, some of which Glover also produced. He co-starred in the critically acclaimed feature Dreamgirls directed by Bill Condon and in Po' Boy's Game for director Clement Virgo. He appeared in the hit feature Shooter for director Antoine Fuqua, Honeydripper for director John Sayles, and Be Kind, Rewind for director Michel Gondry.
Glover has also gained respect for his wide-reaching community activism and philanthropic efforts, with a particular emphasis on advocacy for economic justice, and access to health care and education programs in the United States and Africa. For these efforts, Glover received a 2006 DGA Honor. Internationally, Glover has served as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Development Program from 1998-2004, focusing on issues of poverty, disease, and economic development in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and serves as UNICEF Ambassador.
In 2005, Glover co-founded Louverture Films dedicated to the development and production of films of historical relevance, social purpose, commercial value and artistic integrity. The New York based company has a slate of progressive features and documentaries including Trouble the Water, which won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival, Africa Unite, award winning feature Bamako, and most recent projects Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, and The Disappearance of McKinley Nolan.
A blond-haired, fair-complexioned actor with a toothy grin and capable of an unsettling glint in his eyes, Gary Busey was born in Goose Creek, Texas, and was raised in Oklahoma. He is the son of Sadie Virginia (Arnett), a homemaker, and Delmar Lloyd Busey, a construction design manager. He has English, as well as Irish, Scottish, and German, ancestry. He graduated from Nathan Hale High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1962 and for a while was a professional musician. A talented drummer, he played in several bands, including those of country-and-western legends Leon Russell, Kris Kristofferson and Willie Nelson.
Busey's first film appearance was as a biker in the low-budget Angels Hard as They Come (1971) and, over the next few years, he landed several film roles generally as a country hick/redneck or surly, rebellious types. His real breakthrough came in the dynamic film Die Buddy Holly Story (1978), with Busey taking the lead role as Buddy Holly, in addition to playing guitar and singing all the vocals! His stellar performance scored him a Best Actor nomination and the attention of Hollywood taking overcasting agents. Next up, he joined fellow young actors William Katt and Jan-Michael Vincent as surfing buddies growing up together in the cult surf film Tag der Entscheidung (1978), directed by John Milius. However, a string of appearances in somewhat mediocre films took him out of the spotlight for several years, until he played the brutal assassin Mr. Joshua trying to kill Los Angeles cops Mel Gibson and Danny Glover in the runaway mega-hit Lethal Weapon - Zwei stahlharte Profis (1987). Further strong roles followed, including alongside Danny Glover once again in Predator 2 (1990). He was back on the beaches, this time tracking bank robbers with FBI agent Keanu Reeves, in Gefährliche Brandung (1991) and nearly stole the show as a psychotic Navy officer in league with terrorists led by Tommy Lee Jones taking over the USS Missouri in the highly popular Alarmstufe: Rot (1992).
The entertaining Busey has continued to remain busy in front of the cameras and has certainly developed a minor cult following among many film fans. Plus, he's also the proud father of accomplished young actor Jake Busey, whose looks make him almost a dead ringer for his famous father.
Bahamian-born Calvin Lockhart first caught moviegoers' attention in the supercharged urban films Wenn es Nacht wird in Manhattan (1970) and Halls of Anger (1970) before becoming a fairly steady fixture in the "blaxploitation" movies of the early-to-mid-1970s.
Born Bert Cooper to a large family in Nassau on October 18, 1934, he was raised there before moving to New York in his late teens with initial designs on becoming a civil engineer (Cooper Union School of Engineering). Dropping out after a year to pursue an acting career, Calvin worked as a carpenter and construction worker, among other odd jobs. He first studied with legendary coach Uta Hagen and then hit the New York theater boards. The story goes that he was discovered by playwright Ketti Frings while working as a taxi driver. She was so impressed with his arrogance that she cast him in her play "The Cool World" in 1960. From there Calvin drummed up interest via a bit of controversy on Broadway when he played a sailor in love with a white girl in the racially-themed "A Taste of Honey" starring Angela Lansbury.
Serious film and TV roles for black actors were scarce at that time, so Calvin moved to Europe. In Italy he owned a restaurant and formed his own theater company, serving as both actor and director. He also lived in Germany before settling in England. He starting building up film credits with minor work in such British movies as Todestanz eines Killers (1968) and Nur über eine Leiche (1968). He made news in another racially-motivated project entitled Joanna (1968), which centered around a "mod", interracial romance with 'Genevieve Waite'.
Returning to the US with a stronger resume, he made a distinct early impression as a slick preacher bent on fraud in the hip cop flick Wenn es Nacht wird in Manhattan (1970) and as an English teacher in the inner-city potboiler Halls of Anger (1970). He also involved himself in such black action features as Melinda (1972), Honeybaby, Honeybaby (1974) and The Baron (1977). Similar in charismatic style and intelligence to Sidney Poitier, the famed actor-director was impressed enough to cast Calvin in his broad comedy vehicles Samstagnacht oben in der Stadt (1974) and Drehn wir noch'n Ding (1975). Calvin could also play fey upon request, camping it up briefly in Myra Breckinridge - Mann oder Frau? (1970). During this rich period he also became an artist-in-residence with the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford (the first black actor so honored) and appeared prestigiously in such productions as "Titus Andronicus" (1972).
Calvin's career grew lackluster, however, by the end of the decade, resorting to trivial guest parts in such TV shows as Good Times (1974) and Get Christie Love! (1974). He landed a recurring role on the nighttime soap Der Denver-Clan (1981) in the early '80s.
In 1974, Calvin married a woman also from the West Indies and had three children. After his career subsided, he decided to return to his homeland in the mid '90s and resettled in Nassau with his fourth wife, Jennifer Miles. There he involved himself with the Freeport Players Guild as a director. He also returned to films after a 15-year absence, completing Rain (2008), a movie shot in the Bahamas, shortly before he suffered a major stroke. Calvin died of complications on March 29, 2007, and his family is in the process of establishing a scholarship fund in his name for Bahamian student pursuing an acting or filmmaking career.
Engaged on the big and small screen, he has always dedicated his energies to social commitment. The role played in Capitano Ultimo is the one he is most attached to. He supported Sergio De Caprio in the creation of a non-profit foundation and the Casa Famiglia Capitano Ultimo, in the Parco della Mistica, on the south-eastern outskirts of Rome, with the aim of defeating the culture of ethnic, religious, social or physical diversity by welcoming underprivileged minors who are given education and training that allows them to undertake honest work. He works alongside the Io Ci Sono association for the reconstruction of multifunctional centers in the areas of central Italy hit by the earthquake in 2016. In 2010, during the World Food Day ceremony, he was appointed FAO Good Will Ambassador. In 2005 he decided to research and produce stories in which he could express himself freely on an acting, creative and productive level, creating his own Film Production Company. The intent is to give space to projects with social value, which can, through cinema and television, spread messages that lead to reflection. He produces Sbirri, a docu-film on the world of police and drugs, which has enjoyed considerable success with audiences and critics both at the cinema and on TV. He presents the short film 15 Seconds in Brussels, against the death penalty, sponsored by the European Parliament, the Presidency of the Republic, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Education. He co-produces Io, l'altro which talks about racism and preconceptions and how the way of seeing others has changed after September 11th. With MediaFriends he produced two social shorts: Graffiti and Amore nero, the latter shot as a manifesto against violence against women, starring Michelle Hunziker and the directorial debut of Raoul himself. The short receives an official commendation from the President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano. He works with some of the most influential names in the national and international film industry. In collaboration with Mediaset he produces successful television series such as Fuoco Amico Task Force 45, Come un Delfino with the music of Ennio Morricone and Come un Delfino-La serie. His debut as an actor took place in Una storia italiana directed by Stefano Reali, since then he has acted alongside Anthony Quinn, Sophia Loren, Giancarlo Giannini, Michele Placido, F. Murray Abraham, Sylvester Stallone, Carole Bouquet, Diane Lane, Sarah Jessica Parker, Angelina Jolie and many others. Protagonist of some of the most successful television series, such as the most recent Buongiorno mamma and Don Matteo (he recently finished filming its second season), and the recently aired I Fantastici 5, where the theme of youth disability is addressed, while we will soon see him on the big screen in the film Greta e le favole vere.
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People from Dorchester Dorset in historical documents and Newspapers (1559
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Day of Publication NAME's of Dorchester people CONTENT 30 Nov 1559 John BAKER BAPTISM: Parish of Holy Trinity Dorchester 1st entry in the Parish Baptism Register "John the son of Nicholas BAKER was baptised 30th November 1559". Source Somerset & Dorset Notes & Queries 1893 Volume 3 30 Jan 1559/60 Joane DENNIS BURIAL: Parish of Holy Trinity Dorchester 1st entry in the Parish Burial Register "Joane the daughter of Jhon [John] DENNIS was buried the 30th day of January 1559"Source Somerset & Dorset Notes & Queries 1893 Volume 3 1571 Robert MARTIN v
Morgan HAYNE Bond to fulfil covenants between Robert Martin of Dorchester, Morgann Hayne of Friar Waddon and John Hennynge. Source Dorset History Centre Ref D/BLX/F5 1575 John HENNYNGE [HENNING] 1575 : Sale to John HENNYNGE of the garden ground in Weast Walles [West Walls] late in the tenure of Richard CORBYN, and also the void ground adjoining for �6. 13s. 4d . Source Municiplal Records of Dorchester page 492 1 Feb 1575/6 Luke ADYN Bargain and sale (1 February 1575/6), by Sir Richard Reade of London, knight, to Luke ADYN of Dorchester, Dorset, draper, of a messuage or tenement and lands at Meryfeilde in the occupation of Alexander Dyke, in the parish of Catestoke, Dorset, and of lands at Holloway in the same parish (Newe Close and Lytle Close, in the tenure of Thomas Rogers; Parke Close, in the tenure of Roger Wattes; Hedborowe, in the tenure of Walter Oldiche, and a messuage built by him; 2 closes and a messuage in the tenure of Robert Tyssarde - Fursye Close of 4a. and Mirthfylde of 5a.; and a 3a. close in the tenure of John Strowde); perpetual rent of 12/- p.a.; consideration of £296; livery of seisin endorsed. Source:- Goucestershire County Archives D678/2 T2/4/1-22 27 Nov 1579 Thomas & Robert ADYN Bargain and sale (27 November 1579 [22 Elizabeth]) by Thomas Adyn alias Barbett of Dorchester, woollen draper, to Robert Adyn alias Barbett of London, gentleman (his brother), of a one third share in the messuage, tenement and appurtenances and of the closes called Meryfelde, all late in the occupation of Alexander Dicke at Catestocke, deceased, and of Parke Close, Fursoy Close, Myrthfilde Close and a close in the occupation of John Stroude; consideration of £80; appointment of Henry Cardrowe and John Aden as attorneys to deliver seisin. [Executed to give effect to the intentions of their father's will, whereby the Catstocke property should have passed to Robert but one third passed to Thomas (?as heir-at-law).] And counterpart. Source:- Goucestershire County Archives D678/2 T2/4/1-22 15 Nov 1580 Luke & Thomas ADYN Grant (15 November 1580) by the Rt Hon Sir William Cecill, knight, Lord Burghley, Lord Treasurer of England and Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries, and Robert Keylwey, Esq., Surveyor of the same, to Thomas Adyn alias Barbett, gentleman, son and heir of Luke Adyn, gentleman, deceased, of a general livery of his father's estates. Attached valor and extent of the messuages and lands of Luke Adyn alias Barbett deceased, 24 August 1578 (Latin). Source:- Goucestershire County Archives D678/2 T2/4/1-22 1583 Robert, Thomas & John ADYN Final Concord (Michaelmas Term 26 Elizabeth = 1583) between Henry Foxwell (Plaintiff) and Robert Adyn alias Barbett, Thomas Adyn alias Barbett and John Adyn alias Barbett, the younger (Deforciants).Source:- Goucestershire County Archives D678/2 T2/4/1-22 21 Mar 1587 Thomas PILCHER [PILCHARD]
EXECUTION: Thomas Pilchard MA (1557-1586/7) was a native of Sussex but he worked in the West of England. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, matriculating there in 1575 at the age of 18; scholar that year; fellow 1576; BA 28 May 1576; MA 16th May 1579. Resigning his fellowship the following year. He arrived at Douay College Reims 20 November, 1581. The aim of the College was to gather together some of the many English Catholics living in exile in different countries of the continent and provide them with facilities for continuing their studies (in what was effectively a Catholic University of Oxford in exile), thus producing a ready-made stock of educated English Catholic clergy ready for England's re-conversion to Catholicism. Thomas was ordained a catholic priest at Laon, March, 1583, and joined the English Mission that year. He was arrested soon after, and banished; but returned almost immediately. He was again arrested early in March, 1586-7, and imprisoned in Dorchester Gaol to stand trial with his great friend Jessop and in the fortnight between committal to prison and condemnation converted thirty persons. He was executed on 21 March 1587 and had been so cruelly drawn upon the hurdle that he was fainting when he came to the place of execution. When the rope was cut, being still alive he stood erect under the scaffold. The executioner, a cook, carried out the sentence so clumsily that the victim, turning to the sheriff, exclaimed "Is this then your justice, Mr. Sheriff?" According to another account "the priest raised himself and putting out his hands cast forward his own bowels, crying 'Miserere mei'". Father Warford says: "There was not a priest in the whole West of England, who, to my knowledge, was his equal in virtue." Jessop died in Dorchester Gaol one year later.
Sources: Catholic Encyclopedia 1913 by John Bannerman Wainwright; OXA Vol III page 1164;Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs Vol 3 by Wm Eusebus Andrews.The undiscovered Country Journeys among the dead by Carl Watkins?
20 July 1614 Thomas DOWRIDGE Giles ORCHARD of Chideock fisherman in £20. John ORCHARD of Fryer Mayne husbandman in £10. Thomas DOWRIDGE of Dorchester, Helier (ie Thatcher or tiler) , in �10; bound over to the next Assizes by warrant of Sir John BROWNE . Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 2 3 Aug 1614 Richard HELLIER, Roger DEVENISH, Stephen BAGG of Wootton Fitzpaine butcher in £40. Richard HELLIER of Dorchester, taylor bound over to the next assizes to be of good behaviour in the sum of £20. Roger DEVENISH of the same, glasier, in £20. 'Committed by John DRAKE' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 2 20 Aug 1614 John FARFER; Anthony NEW Elizabeth Franklin of Sheldon in Devon widow in £40. John FARFER of Dorchester glover in £20. Anthony NEW of Dorchester hellier in £20 Bound over to the next sessions. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 2 20 Aug 1614 Roger HAYDON, George OTTON Ferdinando BICKLEY of farum in the county of Southampton gent in £40. Roger HAYDON of Dorchester Chirurgion (i.e. a surgeon) in £20. George OTTON of Dorchester, weaver in £20. Bound over to the next Sessions. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 3 22 Aug 1614 Leonard FEVER; Joanna SCOTT Leonard FEVER of Dorchester, taylor bound over to the next sessions in Dorchester to produce evidence against Joanna SCOTT, spinster, concerning a felony. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 3 26 Sep 1614 Henry, John & Joseph WHITTLE Henry WHITTLE of Dorchester, merchant, in £40; Joseph WHITTLE of the same, merchant in £20, John WHITTLE of the same, merchant, in �20, bound over to the next assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 4 16 Jan 1614/15 Edmund DASHWOOD, Robert NAPP Robert NAPP of Preston gent in £20; Edmund DASHWOOD of Dorchester mercer in £10; Robert NAPP of Dorchester habberdasher in £10; Bound over to appear at the next Sessions at Dorchester and to keep the peace towards George HOLYDAY 'Upon the oath of George HOLYDAY that hee threatened to kill him'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 5 3 March 1614/15 Thomas DRINN, Thomas SPARROW, John SHORY, Mr HOGGARD Examination of Thomas DRINN of Dorchester groome upon oath.:-
'That about Michaelmas last about ten of the clock at night hee being in the widow VINS backside whome hee served, ( I should perhaps hastily explain to those not familier with 17th century England that this simply means he was outside the back of Widow VINS house in the yard and he was employed as her servant) espied one sitting on a pall (this account is refers to the back yard being next to Dorchester Goal so this may be a shortened form for 'Palisade') that enclosed the Keepers Courte, and thinking it had ben some prisoner escaping was about to make an outcry for preventing thereof. But John SHORY being the person that there sate, desired him to forbeare making anie noyse, for that it was hee, and being demanded what hee made there said hee had fetcht a piece of leade out of Thomas SPARROW's Courte, and that hee brought it forth upon his head and was now fetching back the ladder which he had formerly let downe into the Courte with a rope, which ladder he had out of the widowe VYNE's backside. And the next day in the morning SHORY showed the piece of leade to this examinant which was a spowt which would conteyne above a quarte, and afterwards sould the same for 18d. as hee tould this examinant, and promised him 6d to conceal it, but hee never gave this examinant anie thing. And sayeth that the said SHORY one other tyme sithence to lodg in the Barne of John SPARROW who maried the said widow VYNE, and this examinant asking him what hee made there, sayd the hee had ben abroad late a drinking and could not tell where to lodg soe late being 10 or 12 a clock at night. And in the morning this examinant finding a great broad barr of Iron in his Mistresses Courte, unwroughte, was about to have carried it in, but John SHORY called out of the barne to him to let it alone sayeing it was his. And being demanded where hee had it sayed hee had it from HOGGARD the glasier.
Also since that tyme hath often perswaded this examinant to enter with him into the backside of Thomas FOXWELL to see what they could find there, and hath solicitied him very often tymes to goe thither and to seeke other backsides, courtes and in the night tyme for linen and would also have this examinant to have gone with him to London in his Master's absence at Church to get a suite of apparell or some other comodity fitt for them. And says also that yf hee were at anie tyme apprehended with anie thing hee would accuse divers others in Dorchester.'
Thomas DRINN of Dorchester yeoman bound over in £40 to the next assizes to give evidence in the above case. -Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Pages 5/6 [Note More information about the goal and Thomas SPARROW is given in the research document produced on the life of Thomas Devenish.] 3 March 1614/15 Thomas DRINN; John SHORY; Peter GAWLER; Robert GOODFELLOW Examination of John SHORY' of Dorchester
'Sayeth that about Christmas last Thomas DRYN did sell unto Peter GAWLER a brass kettle which hee had stollen from Robert GOODFELLOW'.
Thomas DRINS examined:
'Sayeth that it is true hee sould such a kettle unto GAWLER and brought the money to SHORY but hee sayeth that SHORY stall it from GOODGFELLOW out of the pownd and then brought it unto the backside of the widow VYNE where this examinant dwelt and that this examinant did see him bring it in. And afterward hee hid in the mixon where this examinant fownd it and sould it and brought the money to SHORY.'
Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 6 9 March 1614/15 Robert BITGOOD Examination of Matthew HULL gent.
'Who sayeth that on Monday last hee did indict and wright a letter in the name of his sister Margaret THORNEHULL unto Robert BITGOOD without her privitie wherby hee obteyned 40s from him. And confesseth that the letter now chewed unto him is the same which hee did wright. And the money hee hath spent.' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 6 9 March 1614/15 Robert BITGOOD Robert BITGOOD of Dorchester, butcher, in £20
Bound over to appear at the next Assizes to prosecute the case against Matthew HULL.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 6 9 March 1614/15 John STANDISH; Thomas BLACHFORD John STANDISH of Dorchester, butcher, in £10 Thomas BLACHFORD of the same, brewer, in £5 William BARNES of Fordington, husbandman, in £5 Bound over to appear at the next Quarter Sessions in Dorchester 'for harbouring idle persons in his house and other misdemeanors by him done'.
Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 12 March 1614/15 Owen JONES ; Hugh WILDMAN ; Angel & Thomas BARNES Owen JONES of Dorchester, glazier, in £10 Hugh WILDMAN of the same, glazier, in £10
Bound over together with Angel BARNES son of Thomas BARNES of Dorchester, to the next Quarter Sessions at Dorchester 'for keeping company with Mr HULL, and having noe place of aboade, but wandering up and downe the cuntry like rouges'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 pages 6/7 16 March 1614/15 Arthur HONIBORNE Thomas WAKE of Weston in the county of Middlesex, wollen draper, in £40
William HOMINGS of East Morden, husbandman, in £20 Arthur HONIBORNE [HONEYBONE] of Dorchester, weaver, in £20 Bound over to appear at the next Assises on the condition that the aforesaid Thomas WAKE is of good behaviour. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 7 16 March 1614/15 Arthur & Jane HONIBORNE William Hemings of East Morden, husbandman, in £20 Arthur HONIBORNE of Dorchester, weaver, in £20 Bound over to appear at the next Sessions together with Jane HONIBORNE wife of the aforesaid Arthur, and meanwhile to keep the peace. 18 March 1614/15Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 7 April 1615 John EDWARDS Examination of John EDWARDS of Dorchester, sadler.
'Who sayeth that about half a yeare now past a woman of Yetminster who used to sett her horse at his howse, whose name hee knoweth not, did desire and procure this examinant to write two letters for her unto a freind of hers, but did not tell him to whom, which this examinant did accordingly write by her direction, which letters did beginn Dorothy or Doll and conteyned a request to send money and some other matters tending to love, and that hee subscribed noe name unto them but did as shee directed, not knowing from whome nor to whome they were sent, And sayeth that at the writing of one of them an other young woman was present which this examinant was sithence informed to bee the said Dorothe MASTERS. And sayeth that the letters now showen unto him at the time of his examinacon are his owne hand writing and the same which hee did write by ye procurement of the said Yetminster woman, and for the writing of the first hee had 2d, and for the last a pott of beere.' 7 April 1615 John EDWARDS of Dorchester, saddler, in £20 Bound over to appear at the next Sessions to give evidence against Joan BILLETT .Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Pages 7/8 31 May 1615 John BAILEY; Henry LANGLEY; Henry WILLS John BAILEY of Dorchester, shoomaker, in £10: Henry LANGLEY of the same, carpenter, in £5: Henry WILLS of the same, weaver, in £5
Bound over to appear at the Sessions on condition that the aforesaid John does not keep a common alehouse without a licence.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 9 2 June 1615 Clemens BAILEY; John BAILEY; John COBB; Mr JOYKENEY Clemens BAILEY of Dorchester shoomaker, in £40: John BAILEY of the same, shoomaker, in £20: John COBB of the same, blacksmith, in £20: Bound over to the next Sessions 'for abusing the constable of Dorchester Mr JOYKENEY' on condition that the Clemens Bailey son of John Baily is of good behaviour. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 9 28 July 1615 John ROGERS: High HAGGARD John ROGERS als BAKER of Dorchester is bound in the sum of �20: Hugh HAGGARD of the same is bound in the sum of �10. Bound to the next Sessions 'for suffering divers persons to be drunke on the sabboathe daye in his howse, and for tipling without a licence.' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 11 29 July 1615 John ROGERS: High HAGGARD 'Memorandum' That the 29th of July (1615) I committedto the Gaole John ROGERS als BAKER of Dorchester for that being bownd from typling by the bailiffes he continued it. And on the saboth daye 16 July he harbored dronkards and refused to put in suretyes for his good behaviour, being offered by his friends to stand bound.' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 11 7 Sep 1615 TAYLOR Examination of William MASTERS of Mawpowder [Mapowder] shepheard
'Hee sayeth that serveing Mr Coker on Sattorday last was fortnight, he missing 2 ewe sheep of his Masters and being informed by John Gawpin, Mr Coker's bayley, that they were in Mr Brewen's flock at Athelhampton, hee repaired to Owen Barber, Mr Brewen's shepheard, who delivered to this examinant two olde ewes which were the same hee mist, with a plott in the pole and a slip athwart the nose, which hee did drive to Luscombe and then staid all night at his father's at Puddle Trenthead, And in the morning tooke 2 other sheep of his owne out of his father's fold and did drive these and the 2 ewes and 5 other sheep unto Mawpo.der uppon the Sonday morning, 4 of which were Mr Coker's and one was his owne which were escaped thither from Mawpowder, which are all the sheep that hee did fetche from Puddle Trenthead or Athelhampton growndes. And being demanded why hee did creep under the bed in the Taylor's howse in Dorchester when Abbut came to apprehend him, hee sayeth it was because he owed John Abbott who doth now accuse him 30s and intended only to shunn the arrest. And being askt what busines he had to the Towne hee sayeth that hee came to the Taylor's howse where hee was now fownd with one John Gilbert, one other of Mr Coker's servants, who were both discharged of this service yesterday about two of the clock. And sayeth that hee intended to goe unto Cornewall for service but knoweth not whom hee should serve there, but sayeth that Mr Coker did write his letter to Mr Drake of Childhay to direct him to one in Cornewall, but being demanded why hee had not then gone the next way to Childhay with his letter, but came to Dorchester the quite contrary way, hee sayeth hee came hither with Gilbert to take order for the carriage of his cloathes. :- Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 14 [Note:- This Mr COKER is from Mapowder Dorset not the Coker family in Dorchester. Their pedigree is in the 1677 Visitation of Dorset from which it would appear to have been William COKER as he was Lord of the Manor until his death in 1656] 6 Oct 1615 Joseph PERKINS, Joseph DAVIES Anthony BARNES of Fordington, yeoman in the sum of £40, Joseph PERKINS of Dorchester clothier in £20, Joseph DYVES of the same , clothier in £20 bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester for 'Abusing the Constable and committing many foule outrages in contempt of justice', In the meantime to be of good behaviour. Source:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 16 7 Oct 1615 John SPICER; Robert BRAKE Thomas BARTLETT of Illsington yeoman in £20; John SPICER of Dorchester merchant in £10; Robert BRAKE of Dorchester gentleman in £10 bound over to appear at the next sessions and meantime to keep the peace and especially towards Gregory HOOPER. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 17 8 Oct 1615 Thomas LACY; Richard LACY Mr GOULD Thomas LACY of Dorchester, shoomaker in £40; Richard LACY of Dorchester shoomaker in £20; bound over to appear at the next sessions at Dorchester 'for being drunken and for abuseing Mr GOOLD [GOULD] hee being then baylife. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 17 23 Dec 1615 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES; Alice and Henry GARRETT; Thomas SPARROW Examination of Alice Garrett, the wife of Henry Garrett of Dorchester, yeoman.
'Sayeth-that on Saturday the 23rd December 1615 Willmott Winterhay and Catherine Benet prisoners in the Keepers Ward did enforme this examinant when she came out of the markett with fish that it was not well with Besse. The Examinant asking why, they said they had seene signes about her which moved them to thynke shee had ben delivered of a childe that morning, and they they coming by the Little Buttery heard her grone, wherupon they retorned into the markett to enforme Thomas Sparrow and his wife of it, who were in markett, who willed her to retorne home to the prison .to examine the cawse. At her retorne the suspected servant called Besse Lowes mett this examinant at he dore, whom the examinant willed to come into the parlour that this examinant might speake with her, where this examinant charged her that she had that morning ben delivered of a child, but she forswore it and stiffly persisted in the deniall when this examinant charged her hard with it. Whereupon this examinant went againe into the markett and at her retorne againe home said 2 women willed this examinant to looke into the Little Buttery, which shee did and there sawe the child in the pann, but shee did meddle not with. But Sparrowes wife being come home with provision out of the markett, shee was going to lay the same into the Little Buttery as shee was wont, which Besse perceiving shee thrust her selfe in before and endeavoured to shift the pann wherein the child was putt, but doubting least her Mistress had discovered it shee fell on her knees craving her pardon and acknowledging shee had child which shee shewed her, affirming that it was borne dead, and desired her Mistress to keep her councell which her Mistress refused and cryed out and presently sent for `Haggard's wife, which speeches this examinant heard.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 [Note More information about the goal and Thomas SPARROW is given in the research document produced on the life of Thomas Devenish.] 23 Dec 1615 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES; Judeth SPARROW Examination of Judeth Sparrow the wife of Thomas Sparrow, keeper of his Majesty's gaole for the county of Dorset.
'She sayeth that she being on Saturday last in the markett she sent home Garrets wife with things shich she had bought, who shortly returned to her and enformed her that the woman which were prisoners said that all was not well with Besse Lowes. Then the examinant sent her backe againe to see what she ayled. And afterwards Garret's wife met this examinant as she was coming out of the market and sayd she had examined Besse and charged her that she had ben delivered of a child but she denied it or that she was otherwise but well. But when this examinant came home she went to lay such meate as she had bought into the Little Buttery, but her servant Besse shifted into the dore before her and fell on her knees desiring this examinant to forgive her and to save her creditt. This examinant asking with a loud voyce what shee had done, she desired this examinant to speake softer, and then the said Besse confect that somwhat had skipt from her but was dead and poynted towards it wherat this examinant being frighted she went forth and lockt the dore and caused Garrets wife to view it, and this examinant then sawe it also and fownd the hands to bee shutt and clitched togither. And then they had her to bed though she were unwilling therunto. And then this examinant questioned her concerning the manner of her childbirth, and how the child came to bee dead, she said that the child was borne dead and that she was delivered standing and not sitting and that the child falling from her the navel string was severed from the second birth in the fall of the child, which after birth she confest she was delivered of in an other roome and hid it behind a powdering tubbe wher this examinant cawsed search to bee made and it was there fownd. And when she was demanded by this examinant who was the father of the child she said she would never confesse the father of it; though shee died for it.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 19/20 27 Dec 1615 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES; John & Joan HAGGARD Examination of Joan Haggard the wife of John Haggard of Dorchester, butcher.
'The examinant sayeth that about 12 of the clock on Saturday the 23rd of this moneth, the Keeper's wife sent for her to come to the Keeper's ward in hast, whether being come she told the examinant that there was an exployte done in the house, and then brought this examinant to a little low roome under a payre of stayres some 3 or 4 foote square where stood a little barrell of beere, and haveing opened the dore shee shewed this examinant a dead man child, 3 quarters of a yard long, newly borne, layd in a little pann which being too shorte for the child made it bowe double, wherwith this examinant doth suppose the neck was put out of joynt or that the child was throtled with the licor in the pann which was about a pynt, but whether it were soe layd into the pann and putt out of joint whiles it was lyving or after it was dead she knoweth not, but doth verely beleve that it was borne alive for that when she first sawe it both the hands were clitched and fast closed, whereas it is usuall when children are borne dead that their hands are streched streight out and their fingers spread abroad. Afterwards this examinant took the child and carried it up into the chamber to the mother of it, Besse the Keeper's servant, and shewed it her who said it was borne dead, but this examinant charged her that it was borne alyve and this examinant verely thinketh it was lyveing until the mother throtled the child with putting of it in the pann to streight for it. And about 3 o clock the same afternoone the child was buried.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 20 29 Dec 1615 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES Examination of Willmott Winterhay, late of Langdon in the parish of Beaminster, spinster.
'Sayeth that she having occasion to use a bowle went to borrow one of Besse Lowes in her Mistresses absence and perceiving her to bee in the Little Buttery this examinant called to her to lend her a bowle, but shee answered very shorte, whereupon this examinant finding that shee was not willing to be troubled went to fetch the bowle in the place where Besse did direct her, But being at top of the staires this examinant heard her grone, which made this examinant to desire her bedfellow Catherine Benett to goe downe to her to see what was the occasion of her groning. And then Catherine Benett went down unto her.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 18 31 Dec 1615 John MERRIFIELD John MERRIFIELD of Dorchester, shoomaker, in £20 bound to appear at next Sessions at Dorchester ' for Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Pages 17/18 13 Jan 1615/16 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES; Joan & John HAGGARD John HAGGARD senior bound in £20; that Joan HAGGARD his wife appear to give evidence against Elizabeth LOWE. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 20 13 Jan 1615/16 Joseph PATY: Simon HASEABURY Richard Chappell of Evershott, gent., in �40 Joseph Paty of Dorchester, clothier, in �20 Simon Haseabury of the same, clothier, in �20 Bound to appear at the next Sessions at Blandford and to be of good behaviour. - 20 -Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 20 [Note:- Biographical Notes from William WHITEWAY His diary 1618-1635 Page 181 Joseph PATY Clothier of Dorchester. Assistant to Governor of Freemen 1621-1622, 1625-26, 1629-30, 1632-33. Governor of Freemen 1623-24, 1631-32. Warden of Company of clothiers 1630-31. A leader of revolt against the Fifteen 1631. Captain of borough militia 1643. Called "uncle " by diarist. Both he and his wife were godparents to children of diarist. many entries below - Also Simon HASELBURY page 177 . Clothier of Dorchester. Another Simon probably his son admitted freemen 1621. Assistant governor of freemen 1624-25, 1627-28. Named on common council of freemen in 1629 Charter] 5 Mar 1615/16 Edward ROBINSON, John ERLEY, Robert BISHOP Edward ROBINSON of Dorchester, brewer in £40: John ERLEY of Dorchester, Yeoman in £20: Robert BISHOP of Dorchester weaver in £20 Bound over to appear at the next Assizes.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 21 9 Mar 1615/16 John & Radolphus PERRIN: John ALLAMBRIG John PERRIN of Dorchester Clothworker in �20: Radolphus PERRIN of Dorchester yeoman in �10: John ALLAMBRIG of Dorchester clothier in �10 bound over to appear at the next sessions 'For misbehaving himself towards Mr Thomas TRENCHARD'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 22 [Note:- See FFH pages 44, 2020,204/5, 208 - regarding John ALLAMBRIDGE a capital Burgess and Mayor in 1642 during the start of the Civil War] 14 Mar 1615/16 John AYDEN, Robert MASON Robert AYDEN of Dorchester gentkleman and Robert MASON of Dorchester gentleman each in �20 Bound over on condition that Thomasina PAULE wife of John PAULE of Whitechurch yeoman appear at the next sessions and meantime keep the peace especially towards Joan LUSH of the same. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 26 Mar 1616 Leonard MILLER; John ARNOLD; Joseph PATY Leonard MILLER of Dorchester, brewer in £40: John ARNOLD of Dorchester innholder in £20; Joseph PATY of Dorchester clothier in £20 bound over to appear at the next sessions held in Dorchester. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 23 01 Apr 1616 John LONG; Edward ASH John DICAS of Abbotsbury, clerk bound over to appear at the next Assizes by warrant of the Bishop of Bristol together with John LONG of Dorchester, barber by trade bound over in the sum of �20 and Edward ASH of Dorchester shomaker in the sum of �20. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 23 12 Apr 1616 Henry GLOVER William AMAN of Morden mason in £40; Henry GLOVER of Dorchester labourer in £20; Anthony TURNER of Poorestock labourer in £20 bound over to appear at the next assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 23 12 Apr 1616 William CLARKE; Joseph PARKINS Richard CHAPPELL of Evershot gentleman in £40; William CLARKE of Dorchester vintner in £20; Joseph PARKINS of Dorchester clothier in £20 bound over to appear at the next sessions at Sherborne.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 23 13 July 1616 Anthony NEW: John RICKSON: John SOODES Anthony NEW of Dorchester hellier in £20; John RICKSON of Dorchester husbandman in £10; John SOODES of Dorchester husbandman in £10 bound over to the next sessions in the borough of Dorchester and to be of good behaviour. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 24 15 July 1616 Edward ASH Edward Browne of Rampisham, ropemaker, in £40 Edwerd Browne junior of the same, ropemaker, in �20 Edward Ash of Dorchester, shoemaker, in �20 Bound over to the next Assizes and to be of good behaviour.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 25 16 July 1616 William EVELEY: Robert STONE: Roger POUNCY William Eveley of Dorchester, cooper, in �40 Robert Stone of the same, glover, in £20 Roger Pounsey of the same, butcher, in �20. Bound over to the next Assizes to answer a charge of felony.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 25 16 July 1616 John HUTCHINS John Hutchins of Dorchester, labourer, in �40 Thomas Hutchins of Batcombe, hooper, in �20 John Vyne of the same, husbandman, in �20 Bound over to the next Assizes to answer a charge of felony.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 25 21 Sep 1616 Nicholas PAWTIER: John ADEN Nicholas Pawtier of Dorchester, merchant, in �20 John Aden of the same, gentleman, in £20 condition that Thomasina Paule wife of John Paule of Whitchurch appear at the next Sessions to give evidence against Joan Lush of the same.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 25 21 Sep 1616 Richard BUSHROD of Dorchester Executor under the will of Edward VYNE of Bloxworth Yeoman in Dorset dated 21st Sep 1616 top of page 39 transcription of PCC Wills. " --Mr Robert Wellsted Minister of Bloxworth and Richard BUSHROD of Dorchester haberdasher of hats, Executors, and to bring up daughter Hester (under 21)" 23 Dec 1616 Thomas SPARROW: Christian & Luke BARROW Examination of John ASH of Fordington, labourer. 'Who sayeth that about 12 monthes sithence about 4 a clock before day he went unto the barne of Thomas SPARROW of Dorchester in Fordington through the great dore of the same barne, and did then and there take out of a heape of wheat that was then in the said barne about three pecks together with the dust the same being not winnowed, and putt the same into a bagg which he brought with him, and being demanded how he got the same out of the barne , he sayeth that he broke open the side dore, the same being lockt before. And sayeth that about a week after he went into the said barne againe and carried away about a peck of wheat is all the wheat that he stoll out of the same barne, but being demanded what oates he tooke out of the said barne, he sayeth that about the 18th day of November last past he broke open the said barne's dore againe and went into the same and tooke out about three bushells of oats together with dust the same being unwinnowed, and carried the same unto Christian BARROW the wife of Luke BARROW of Dorchester who gave him 18d for the same, and sayeth that it is all the Corne that ever he stoll from out of the said barne. [Note in margin : Dorchester Sessions 13th December] 'Source:- The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 [Note:- See biographical notes on the John ASHE Family] 23 Dec 1616 Thomas SPARROW: Christian & Luke BARROW: Robert HOSKINS: Richard OULDLYE Examinatuion of Christian BARROW the wife of Luke BARROW of Dorchester, labourer. 'Who sayeth that about the 28th day of November last past one John ASHE of Fordington about 4 of the clock in the morning repaired unto the examinant's house, she being then a bedd and brought with him a bagg of oates and entreated this examinant that she would lend him 18d upon the same oats telling her that he would bring her the money for them againe the next day, who therupon lent him 18d but denieth that she bought the same, and sayeth that she never received anie more or other corne of him but sayeth that she did not denie the recipt of the same oates when she was questioned by Thomas SPARROW concerning the same. Robert HOSKINS of Dorchester cutler, bound over in £20; Richard OULDLYE of the same, shoemaker bound over in the sum of £20. Condition that Christine BARROW wife of Luke BARROW of Dorchester appear at the next Sessions in the bourough of Dorchester. Source:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 [Note:- See biographical notes on the John ASHE Family] 29 Dec 1616 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES Examination of Catherine Benett, the wife of William Benett of Corfe Castle, marriner.
'Sayeth that at Willmott Winterhayes motion shee went downe to the Little Buttery supposing shee should have found Besse Lowes there, but before shee came shee was departed and lockt the dare, and fownd her gone forth with a besome in her hand, but finding some marker where shee had gone, that it was unfitt for womanhood that shee should bee abroad, she askt her what was the occasion of such signes Besse answered that it was nothing and put her besome upon it. And afterwards this examinant enformed Garretts' wife thereof who by that-occasion examined her.' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 18 4 Jan 1616/17 Elizabeth (Besse) LOWES Examination of Elizabeth Lowes of Dorchester, single woman.
'She sayeth that she was delivered of a child on Saturday the 23rd of December last in the Little Buttery in the Keepers Ward and was delivered standing being in travayle not above a quarter of an hower, and did not call for healpe because she had not tyme, and was delivered also of the second birth in an other roome in shorte tyme after as she stood and was reaching for a candle to bring to her Mistress who was in the Little Buttery, and she not having power to healpe herself in her travail, the child fell to the ground and therewith was severed from the second birth. And sayeth the child was borne dead and as soone as shee could recover her self shee tooke it up and fownd it was dead, and then shee layd it into a little pane which stood under the tappe. And refuseth to discover who was the father of the child for that he is gone out of the cuntry, and will not otherwise confesse but obstinately persisteth in deniall. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 18 10 Jan 1616/17 Henry GLOVER Richard Ingram of Hasselborne Bryne, husbandman, in �40 Henry Glover of Dorchester, husbandman, in �20 Anna Snooke of Lydlynch, widow, in �20 Bound over to the next sessions and to be of good behaviour.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 27 10 Jan 1616/17 Henry GLOVER William Snooke of Holbrooke, husbandman, in �40 Henry Glover of Dorchester, husbandman, in �20 Anna Snooke of Lydlynch, widow, in �20 Bound over to the next Sessions & to be of good behaviour.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 27 13 Jan 1616/17 John HAGERD Thomas Michell of Abbotsburie, groome, in �20 John Tregney of the same, husbandman, in �10 John Hagerd, junior, of Dorchester, butcher, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions in Blandford, and in the meantime to keep the peace towards John Moses of Abbotsburie, butcher.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 27 31 Mar 1617 Robert GOODFELLOW Paul GOODFELLOW of Fordington, weaver in the sum of £10, Robert GOODFELLOW of Dorchester, baker in the sum of £5 bound over on condition that the said Paul does not hereafter keep a common alehouse without a licence [Note in Margin 'Tipler supprest'.] Source:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 28 12 Apr 1617 Nicholas WILLIAMS Edward Powell of Teller Porcorum, labourer, in 100 marks Richard Cox of the same, thongcutter, in �40 Nicholas Williams of Dorchester, brewer, in �40 Bound over on condition that Margaret Powell wife of the aforesaid Edward Powell appear at the next Assizes to answer a charge of felony and murder brought against her. (Note in margin: 'Committed by the Coroner for suspicion of accessorye to the murder of her daughter's child. 1C Sir John Browne to joyne in this Recognisance.')Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 28 22 Apr 1617 Nicholas WILLIAMS Edmund DAVY of Toller Porcorum carpenter in £10; Nicholas WILLIAMS of Dorchester brewer in £5 bound over on condition the said Edmund does not in future sell ale without licence. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 30 17 Apr 1617 Johnn SHORYE 'Memorandum: that John Shorye of Dorchester was by me committed to gaole to be brought to the next Sessions upon complaint by the Constables of Fordington for being dronken there, and for assaulting and using violence to them when they offered to apprehend him for such offence on the sabath daye.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 31 9 June 1617 Robert NAPPER Robert Napper of Dorchester, haberdasher, in �40 Bound to the next Assizes to present a bill of indictment and to give evidence against Richard Masters concerning felony. (Note in the margin: 'for receiving �10 of his Master's and was taken upon a Hue and Crye' William Miller of Holnest, potter, in £40 Bound to the next Assizes to give evidence against Richard Masters.'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 31 9 June 1617 John HUTCHINS: Nicholas MAUNDERS; John CONDYT; Joseph WHITTLE 'Memorandum: That John Hutchins of Dorchester was by me committed to the gaole for breaking up of Nicholas Maunders house, the shoemaker in his absence, and breaking up his chestes, but none can saie that he caned anything awaye for he was taken in the house before he could gett forth.' Nicholas Maunders of Dorchester, shoemaker, in £40 Bound over to give evidence in the above case. 'Witnesses: John Condyt Constable, and Joseph Whittle, servant, who found hym in the howse at 5 a clock in the morning; and Wheeler's wife at next dore, for she heard one breaking up of chestes'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 32 10 June 1617 Richard MASTERS; George YEAT; John COLEFOXE Richard Masters of Dorchester, haberdasher, in 100 marks George Yeat of Dorchester, clothier, in �40 John Colefoxe of Dorchester, welt maker, in �40 Bound to appear at the next Assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 31 14 June 1617 Joseph UNDERWOOD; Thomas READE Peter Scutt of Affpudle, weaver, in �10 Joseph Underwood of Dorchester, merchant, in �5 Thomas Reade of the same, tailor, in �5 Bound over to the next Sessions.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 31 10 Sep 1617 Michael FOUKE Robert Evans of Woodsford, husbandman in £20; Michael FOUKE of Dorchester in £10 bound over to the next sessions at Blandford. (Note in margin: 'For unlawful gaming and cheating at the fayre at Woodberrie Hill'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 39 27 Sep 1617 Roger HAYDON; Joseph PARKINS: John SPARROW Roger HAYDEN of Dorchester chirugeon in £40; Joseph PARKINS of Dorchester Yeoman in £20; John SPARROW of Dorchester husbandman in £20 bound over to the next assizes (Note in Margin:- 'For words used against the State, that he did hope the papists should have a daye...' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 41 21 Dec 1617 Thomas FORD; Christopher EDMUNDS; JENKINS See 'Fordington People' File for this date: Mentioned in Examination of of John CENNICKE of Fordington. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 25 Dec 1617 Richard HODGE Examination of Richard Hodge of Dorchester, weaver. 'Confesseth that he was yesterday at Blandford whence he purposed to goe to London and to leave his countrey, and was gone beyond Blandford onwards in his journey, but towards the evening his minde soddainlie changed being loath to forsake his wife, but departed from his howse att Dorchester on Tewsday before and returning homewards he came the direct way, and denieth that he was att Mris Chettle's howse in St Marie Blandford, but came home to Dorchester about nine of the clocke at night. And sayeth that when he departed from his wife of Tewsday he told her that he would go to Mr John Morton and that night he lay att Blandford att an alehowse that hath noe signe nor he knoweth not the owners name, but it was att a howse in the right side of the street beyound the Lyon, and the next day he went as far as Tarrant Hinton towards London and then returned.' 'And being examined again 30th December 1617 Richard Hodge confesseth allso that he sold the clothes at Blandford which were lost in Dorchester, but he fownd them in the Bowling Alley by Dorchester, and then told`Mandit that he had' fownd a thing, and that if he would go inside with him to Blandford he would shew them him. And told Mandit's wife that her husband should goe with him to Blandford to serve a writtSource The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 44 27 Dec 1617 William BOLT Radius GREGORY of Sutton blacksmith in £20; William BOLT of Dorchester husbandmman in £5 bound over to the next sessions 'For keeping typling without licence, having therefore been supprest at Bridport Sessions'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 42 30 Dec 1617 Richard MENDITT [MANDIT] ; Richard HODGE Examination of Richard Mandit of Dorchester, dyer. 'Who sayeth that on Tuesday before Chrismas day last this examinant went to Blandford with Richard Hodge who desired this examinant to goe with him to serve a writt there, but being come hither they did not goe about the serving of anie writt,nore the said Hodge sheaved him either writt or warrant. And this examinant saith that he and Hodge staid all that day at an alehowse in Blandford a little above the Bell, and staid there all that night also, but Hodge bore all the charge; but saith that he being demanded therefore whear he came he sayd he came from London but yealdeth no reason why he dissembled the place from whence he came, but acknowledgeth that he told the mayd of the howse that they came from Dorchester and not from London. And saith that he came home to Dorchester that night about 9 of the clocke and came out of Blandford about 4 of the clocke when it was almost night. He sayeth also that he spent all the holy dayes, viz Thursday, Fryday and Saturday at Toller at Mr Samwayes'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Pages 44/5 30 Dec 1617 Joane MILSON; Richard MENDITT [MANDIT] ; Richard HODGE Joane Milson of Dorchester, singlewoman, bound over in �40 to give evidence against Hodge and Mandit. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 45 19 May 1618 John GOULD; William JOLLIFFE; John HILL; Dionis BOND ELECTED: John GOULD and William JOLLIFFE were Bailives of Dorchester; John HILL and Dionis BOND Constables Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 23 11 Sep 1618 John BAKER William PERROTT of Warmwell, mason and Richard PERROTT his son mason in �40; John BAKER of Dorchester, drawer, and John GLEADE of Warmwell husbandman in �20 bound over to next sessions by writt from the Sessions at Shaftsbury. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 52 28 Oct 1618 William DERBYE Will of Richard MITCHELL of Milbourne St Andrew : In Codicil 20th Oct 1620 Bequest to? William DERBYE of Dorchester - Source: Abstract of Wills PCC Somerset House Register Soame 1620 published by the New England Historical society Boston 1904 [Note:- Entry in Probates and sentences of Prerogative Court of Canterbury1620-1624 file on ancestry.com " MITCHELL, Richard, of Milbourne St Andrew, Dorset (gent) Will [117 Soame] pr Dec 2 1620 by Thomas STRANGEWAYS Esw,, George TURBERVILLE gent , John ROGERS Clerk and Wm DERBY Gent.] 21 Dec 1618 Richard HAYSON; John HOSKINS; Thomas SOUTHEY Richard Hayson of Dorchester, barber, in �20 John Hoskins of the same, shoomaker, and Thomas Southey of the same, shoomaker, in �10. Bound over to the next Sessions 'for beinge drunke on the Sabboth daie, abusing the Constable and servants'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 55 21 Dec 1618 Henry SIMONS; William DALBEY; William CASIER Henry Simons of Dorchester, cooper, in �10 William Dalbey of the same, cooper and William Casier of the same mault-maker, in �5 Bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester 'for beinge found tiplinge in the alehowse and. drawinge other youths thither'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 55 24 Dec 1618 Henry WHITE: Thomas SOUTHEY Thomasin Spicer of Clenton-Rew, widow, in �20 Henry White of Dorchester, shoomaker, in �10 Thomas Southey of the same, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions for 'Tipling without licence, for keeping disorders in his howse and harbouring apprentices and others typling'.: Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 56 26 Dec 1618 Richard RYALL; william TEUXBURY; Robert HELLARD Richard Ryall of Dorchester, glover, in �20 William Teuxbury of the same, husbandman, and Robert Hellard of the same, carpenter, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester 'for striking the Constable of Fordington in Dorchester and offering to escapeSource The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 56 26 Dec 1618 William CLARKE; Robert GILLET William Clarke of Dorchester, husbandman, in �10 Robert Gillet of the same, glover, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester 'for striking the Constable of Fordington in Dorchester and offering to rescue Ryall'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 56 29 Dec 1618 Sinus PITRINE; Yhomas DOWRAGE; Nathaniel READ Sinis Pitrine of Dorchester, shoomaker, in �10 Thomas Dowrage of Dorchester, hellier, in �5 Nathaniel Read of the same, husbandman, in �5 Bound over to the next Sessions 'for keeping of disorders in the howse - being drunk there on the Saboth day and having no licence to tipple'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 55 4 Jan 1618/19 Thomas BLACKFORD [BLACHFORD?] Roger Haydon of Fordington, Chirurgion, in �20 Thomas Blackford of Dorchester, merchant in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions 'for tiplinge without licence and enterteyning nieghboure of Fordington and Dorchester'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 56 16 Jan 1618/19 Davy GROURE George Geare of Charminster, husbandman, in �10 Davy Groure of Dorchester, carpenter, and Richard Dunstone of Fordington, husbandman, in �5 Bound over 'for keeping of Articles'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 57 16 Jan 1618/19 Thomasine SPICER Thomasin Spicer of Dorchester, widow, in �10 Robert Bishopp of Fordington and John Rascar of the same husbandman, in �5. Bound over. 'Tipler supprest'Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 57 17 Jan 1618/19 Sinio PITVIN; Edward DOWLE Sinio Pitvin of Dorchester, shoomaker, in �20 Edward Dowle of the same, pavier, and Hugh Ludlow of Puddlehinton, husbandman, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions. 'Tipler Supprest'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 57 17 Jan 1618/19 John CRIMES; William CRIMES; Stephen FARY; Mr CHUBB John Crimes of Dorchester, mariner, in �40 William Crimes of the same, husbandman and Stephen Fary of the same, baker, in �20 Bound over to the next Sessions at Dorchester 'for coming into Mr Chub's barn by night and are suspected that they tooke things out of the barn'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 57 18 Jan 1618/19 Robert & William CRINNELL; Stephen FARY Robert Crinnell of Dorchester, Groome, in �10 William Crinnell of the same, husbandman, and Stephen Fary of the same, baker, in �20 Bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 58 26 Mar 1619 Anias CHAPPELL; Anthony DIGGETT Nicholas Hopkins of Radipoll, miller, in �40 Arias Chappell of Dorchester, miller and Anthony Diggett of the same, miller, in E20 Bound over to the next Sessions in Dorchester and to be of good behaviour.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 58 29 Mar 1619 Thomas SPARROW: Thomas DEVENISH; [Note Keeper and underkeeper of Dorchester Goal] Examination of Austen Ricards upon oath. 'Who sayeth that on the Saturday before the prisoners were turned over to Thomas Devenish, the prisoners having broken up some of the Irons and planks neere the window grate on Sunday this examinant enformed Thomas Sparrow and his under-keeper thereof, wheruppon Sparrow sayd to this examinant "I would there were as cunning fellowes here as there have ben, Hold thy tongue, foole, thow mayst helpe theyselfe and other good fellowes to, yf thow hast anie with in thy head". And did advise them that they should escape the Monday night being the first night that Devenish tooke the charge of the goale. And the prisoners in the ward sayd that they would be joviall that night and then yf they were dronke they should be putt downe. And that then a company of mad fellowes would run downe and make the gaole smoke, if this examinant would make the gaole weake in any place. And father sayth that Henry Garrett being then in prison promisid this examinant to procure him favor with the new keeper, and that he would get liberty for him to come up and downe betweene the gaole and the warde under his custody, and then this examinant might escape and when this examinant should runne away, Garrett would make as yf he rann after him, and then they would runne away together'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Pages 58/59 See research document for Thomas DEVENISH 4 Apr 1619 John BAILY; Clement BAILY; Henry WILLS alias MORLEY John Baily of Dorchester, shoomaker, in �10 Clement Baily of the same, shoomaker, and Henry Wills als Morley of the same, weaver, in �5 Bound over to observe certain unspecified articles. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 59 9 Apr 1619 Robert BEAKE; William BUCKLER William Hulet of Leigh in �10 Robert Beake of Dorchester, gent., and William Bucklar of the same, gent., in �20 Bound over to the next Sessions at Shaftesbury.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 59 24 May 1619 Richard BLACHFORD Roger Heydon of Fordington, churirgion, in �10 Richard Blatchford of Dorchester, in �20 Bound over to the next Assizes 'for severall misdemeanors done by his tipling'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 59 6 Sep 1619 Robert FOOTE: John TROTTLE: John LODER Robert FOOTE of Dorchester parchment maker in 100 marks; John KEEPINGE of Sherborne husbandman, John TROTTLE of Dorchester taylor and John LODER of the same parchment maker each in £40 bound over to the next assizes 'for stabbing of John WINDSOR of Fordington whereby he was in perill of death'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 60 24 Sep 1619 Mordecai, Richard & Alvis BULL Morecai BULL of Dorchester shoomaker, in £40; Richard BULL of the same shoomaker in £20; Alvis BULL of the same shoomaker in £20 bound over to teh next sessions in Dorchester. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 60 01 Oct 1619 John PARKINS; William HORSFORD; Dionis BOND; John COOKE; Matthew BUTTLER ELECTED: Mr John PARKINS was chosen to his third Bailliwicke. Mr William HORSFORD his partner to his second. Dionis BOND Constable with Mr John COOKE and Matthew BUTTLER Shoomaker, being the first yeare we had three constables Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 27 [Note:- John PARKINS became the father in law of William WHITEWAY the diarist when he married his daughter Elenor see 14 June 1620 below] 01 Oct 1619 James WHITEWAY BIRTH: Being Tuesday about 10 of the clocke at night. I had a brother borne, was baptised by the name of James, and named so by John HILL and Mr Richard SAVAGE and my Aunt PITT of Bridport. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 27 20 Dec 1619 Hugh SCRIVEN; William SMYTH Ann WALLIS of Pilsdon, sinlelwoman in £40; Hugh SCRIVEN of Dorchester doctor of medicine and William SMYTH of the sanme farryer in £20 bound over to the next sessions. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 61 26 Feb 1620 James WHITEWAY DEATH: My little brother James deceased being not yet half a year old. The beginning ofthis yeare was very sickly for all sorts of persons especially of young children. Whereof there have died since the first of January a great number. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 28 21 Feb 1619/20 Dorchester Hospital BEQUEST: Will of Phillippe Churchill of Muckelforde Dorset in his will dated 21 Feb 1619/20 left a bequest :- Item I doe give unto the free schoolhouse of Dorchester xx (probably £20 but denomination not clear - most School House of Dorchester. Source:- Abstract of Wills PCC Somerset House Register Soame 1620 published by the New England Historical society Boston 1904 Page 129 19 Mar 1619/20 John WRICKSON Richard EVENS of Newington in Surrey silk weaver in �20; Thomas PULSAM of London Gentleman and John WRICKSON of Dorchester hellier in �10 bound over to the next assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 61 21 Apr 1620 John RASCAR Robert RASCAR of Fordington, husbandman in £10, William LAWRENCE of Fordington in £10, and John RASCAR of Dorchester, husbandman in £5 'Tippler Supprest' Source:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 6 April 1620 William WHITEWAY & Elenor PARKINS BETROTHAL: Was concluded the marriage betwixt me William WHITEWAY and Elenor PARKINS my best beloved, which I pray to God to blesse and prosper [Note Elenor was the daughter of John PARKINS (1571-1640) Merchant of Dorchester Burgess and Bailiff by 1610. MP 1621 etc] 4 May 1620 William WHITEWAY & Elenor PARKINS BETROTHAL: The said William WHITEWAY and Elenor PARKINS were betrothed in my father PARKINS his hall about 9 of the clocke at night bt Mr John WHITE in the presence of our parents, unkle John GOULD and Mr DARBY and their wives, my cossen Joan GOULD widow, and my sister Margaret PARKINS etc. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 29 6 June 1620 William CURTEISSE [CURTIS] John KEETE of Rodden husbandman, and William CURTEISSE of Dorchesterc weaver, Alice FEVER wife of John FEVER of Wieke Regis husbandman in �10 bound over 'for hurting and beating of Ann PEECK the wife of John PEECK and other of her neighbours, which have ben very sicke after it'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 62 10 June 1620 John LOCKE Robert HOOPER of Broadway blacksmith in �10 William HOPKINS of Melcombe Regis miller and John LOCKE of Dorchester clotheir in �5 'a Typler supprest by Sir John BROWNE and my selfe .. he hath forfeited by selling small measure'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 63 14 Jun 1620 William WHITEWAY & Elenor PARKINS MARRIAGE: I William WHITEWAY was married to Elenor PARKINS by Mr John WHITE in the Church of Holy Trinity in Dorchester in the presence of the greatest part of the Towne, which marriage I pray god to blesse, that it may turne to his glory, nd our good, and the comfort of all friends Amen. The wedding ring had this Posy: "Conjugii firmi et casti sum pignus amoris [I am the pledge of a steadfast marriage and of chaste love].Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 29 27 Sep 1620 Thomas GILLETT Examination of Thomas Gillet of Dorchester, shoomaker. Stated that he had lodged at Woodbury Hill in Thomas Sowthye's bower, 'upon hydes of tanned leather that were in the Bower, and there slept till day' and in the morning his purse was gone and the strings had been cut, he suspected Alice Balston who had slept in the same room. He charged her with the theft and she was searched by some of the women who were present, who found 13s 3d in her shoe. He denied 'that he had anie carnall knowledge with her or that he ever attempted it'.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 64 27 Sep 1620 Thomas GILLETT Examination of Richard Ash of Fordington, shoomaker. Agreed with Thomas Gillett and had also lost his money. He suspected Alice Balston and likewise denied any sexual intercourse. Alice Balston committed to gaol Thomas Gillett and Richard Ash bound over in �40 to give evidence against Alice Balston at the next Assizes. Thomas Sowthey and Constance his wife also bound over in �40 to give evidence.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 64 29 Sep 1620 William WHITEWAY, Edmond DASHWOOD, John COOKE, John BLACHFORD, Christopher WAY; ELECTED: There were chosen Burgesses of Dorchester Bailiffs for this yeare Mr William WHITEWAY 3; Mr Edmond DASHWOOD 2; Constables Mr John COOKE; Mr John BLACHFORD; Christopher WAY; Sheriffe of Dorset Sir Nathaniel NAPPER, Knight; Undersherrife Mr NEWMAN of Fiford Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 30 30 Sep 1620 John SPITER John SPITER of Dorchester Merchant, and William COLLINS of Fordington, yeoman each in £10 bound over, 'charged by Jone SEAMAN with beating and defaming her by scandalous reports' Agnes MATTHEW wife of John MATTHEW of Ower, weaver bound over to the next Sessions and to be of good behaviour towards Jpoan SEAMANSource:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 12 Dec 1620 Sir Francis ASHLEY, Mr John PARKINS ELECTED: There were chosen here the knights of the Parlement for Dorsett. Sir John STANGEWAIES, and Sir Thomas TRENCHARD, For Dorchester were chosen Burgesses Sir Francis ASHLEY, Sergeant at Law and Mr John PARKINS.Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 32 [Note:- John PARKINS was the father-in-law of William Whiteway] 6 Jan 1620/21 Alice BALSTON Examination of Alice Balston 'Who sayth that the same day that she was delivered out of prison the last Assizes, Long Robin commonly soe called but his name is Robert Braine who was then delivered allsoe out of gaole sent for her to the widow Peal's howse in Dorchester, and binge come thither he begged drinke of her which she sent for, and when they had drunke itt, they mett by appointment at Wolvington's howse at Frome, wher he had knolledge of her body in the Turf howse, and that the child wherewith she now goeth was then begotten, and that noe other person had knolledge of her body' She also stated that she had been advised by the widow Sarer a prisoner and the midwife in gaole to name her former master Alered Paty as the father, but that this accusation was false.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 66 6 Jan 1620/21 Christopher WAY; Clement BARLEY [BAILEY] Examination of Christopher Way of Dorchester, hosyer. Stated that at Wells fair Clement Barley had come to his chamber at the George, and that afterwards he had missed a pair of stockings. He also stated that they were the same stockings that Bailey was then wearing. Christopher Way bound over in �40 to give evidence against Clement Bayley, shoemaker of Dorchester.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 page 66 [Note:- Christopher WAY was not only made stockings but was constable of Dorchester - See entry 15 Jan 1620/21 - Lived in All Saints Parish where he regularly served as churchwarden and he had a son Robert Way - mentioned on pages 80, 85, 122 & 138 of 'Fire from Heaven' by David Underdown] 15 Jan 1620/21 Christopher WAY; Clement BAILEY; Henry WHITE; Charles AUSTINE Clement BAILEY of Dorchester, shoomaker in �40; Henry WHITE of Dorchester shoomaker; and Charles AUSTINE of Dorchester Collar maker in �20 bound over to the Assizes 'for stealing a paire of stockings from Christopher WAY. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 13 Feb 1621 Sir Francis ASHLEY, RESIGNED: Sir Francis ASHLEY who had beene chosen Burgesse of Parliament for Dorchester, resigned over his place unto Sir Thomas EDMONDS knight of his Majesties privy Counsell and Steward of his Magesties house, who had laine Embassador at the French Court many years. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 33 09 Mar 1621 Sir Francis ASHLEY, ELECTED: Sir Francis ASHLEY who had beene first chosen Burges for the Parliament was again chosen, Sir Thomas EDMONDES being before chosen for another place. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 01 Jun 1621 John CHURCHILL DEATH: Memorandum. Mr John CHURCHILL Esquire died the 1st June and was buried the 7th in St Peters in Dorchester aged about 50 years or upwards. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 37 [Note:- Also See page 174 :- John CHURCHILL (c1570-1621) Clothier of Stinsford, son of William CHURCHILL of Dorchester. Member of a wealthy family long associated with Dorchester. benefactor of the town. survived by his wife Elinor (died 1641)and son William. Could not locate a will? at National or Wiltshire Archives] 11 Jun 1621 Mary WHITEWAY BIRTH: the 11th hereof my wife was delivered of a mayde childe anout half an houre after eleven a clocke at night. She was baptised the 17th thereof and called Mary by my unkle Mr John GOULD Senior, my owne mother and my mother in law Mrs Rachel PARKINS. God blesse her. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 37 [Note:- Rachel PARKINS (Nee Chappell of exeter) was second wife of John PARKINS (1571-1640) His daughter Mary died 5 June 1625] 16 Aug 1621 William HORSFORD DEATH: 16th hereof died Mr William HORSFORD one of the Aldermen of this towne and in his roome was chosen Mr Barnard TOOPE. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 39 [Note:- See Will of William Horsforde, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset proved 25 Jan 1623 Prob 11/141] 29 Aug 1621 Richard BAKER DEATH: on 29th of the same , died Mr Richard BAKER, alderman, and in his place was chosen Mr Dionis BOND to make up the numberSource William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 39 [Note:- See also page 172 Richard Barker Shoemaker of Dorchester. Burgess in 1593. Capital Burgess at death. Also see Will of Richard Barker, Yeoman of Dorchester, Dorset proved 6 Nov 1621] 02 Oct 1621 Richard BLACHFORD, Richard BUSHROD, John HILL, John BLACHFORD, Christopher WAY ELECTED: October 2nd were chosen Bailiffs for Dorchester Mr Richard BLACHFORD, Mr Richard BUSHROD 2 ; Govenor Mr. John HILL; Constables John BLACHFORD, Christopher WAY, John LONG; Sheriffe of Dorset Sir Edward LAWRENCE Knight, ;Undersheriffe Mr Richard MAY Gentleman. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 39 [Note:- Regarding Sir Edward Lawrence Knight See Visitation of Dorset 1677 Page 39 and parish of Steeple] 3 Oct 1621 Giles GARRETT; Matthew YORK Giles GARRETT of Dorchester weaver, in �20; Matthew YORK of Dorchester weaver in �20 bound over to the sessions at Dorchester 'for beating of Thomas EDWARDES. Committed at Bemster [Beaminster] to the house of correction'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 69 20 Dec 1621 John YEATE DEATH: The 20th hereof died Mr John YEAYE, one of the Aldermen of this Towne, very old, in whose roome was chosen Mr. John HILL Ironmonger. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 42 [ Note:- See also page 184:- John YEATE Clothier of Dorchester capital Burgess 1610- could not trace a will at National or Wiltshire Archives] 26 Dec 1621 John LILLINGTON John BOLES of Wimborne Minster shoomaker in �40; John LILLINGTON of Dorchester glover in �20; William BOLES of Beare dyer in �20 bound over to the sessions at Blandford 'for accessorye to a petti-larceny committed by Mr SWAYNE'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 69 12 June 1622 William BRAY; Richard BERRY Giles COLLIER of Knighton Marriner in �40; William BRAY of Dorchester clark in �20; Richard BERRY of Dorchester groceriman in �20 bound over to the next sessions 'for beating of Augustine MINTERNE and for killing coneys upon the common'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 71 27 Jun 1622 Captain GOULD, Thomas PELHAM, William WHITEWAY ELECTED: Captayne GOULD left his band of men and Mr Thomas PELHAM undertook it. He chose William WHITEWAY the younger his lieutenant. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 46 15 Jul 1622 Joane HORSFORD MARRIAGE: The 15th hereof in the morning Thomas WALTHAM caried away Joane HORSFORD and maried her at Lidlinch. And Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 46 [Note;- The Lyndlinch Dorset marriage register has the entry 'Thomas WALTHAM of Weymouth & Melcombe Regis & Jone HORSEFORD married 15-Jul 1622'.] 17 Jul 1622 Mr Dennis BOND & Luce FLEA nee LAWRENCE MARRIAGE: And the 17th hereof, in the morning at 7 of the clocke Mr Denis BOND maried Mrs Luce FLEA, widow of Mr FLEA Minister, daughter to William LAWRENCE of Steepleton Gentleman. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 46 [Note;- not in Holy Trinity or Fordington] 30 Sep 1622 Various ELECTED: were chosen for Baillives of Dorchester for this yeare Mr John GOULD M[erchant] Mr Bernard TOOPE primus Constables John LONG Bookseller, Richard SAVAGE Draper, Robert LAWRENCE Shoomaker; Sheriffe Mr John HARBIN of Newton; Undersherrife Mr John HARBIN his eldest son: Governor of the Company of Freemen Mr John BLACHFORD; Assistants to him Robert COKER, James GOULD, Thomas WHITTELL, William WHITEWAY Junior: Joseph WHITTLE was put from his office of Sergeant and Thomas DEVENISH placed in his roome; Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 48 24 Oct 1622 Mrs Margaret PARKINS BETROTHAL: 24th hereof Mr Robert WALKER was solemnely betrothed to my sister in law Mrs Margaret PARKINS. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 48 [Note:- Margaret PARKINS ( 1602-1627) was the daughter of John PARKINS (1571-1640) by his 1st wife Wilmot (1583-1617) Her death from consumption is recorded below 23 Dec 1629] 06 Dec 1622 William WHITEWAY BIRTH: 6th December This day a quarter of an howre after nine in the morning was borne my eldest son and baptised two daies after by the name of William, astantibus my father, my father in law, and Mrs Joan GOULD the widow. I pray god to blesse him. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 49 13 Dec 1622 Oliver HAINE [or HAYNE] DEATH: The 13th hereof died Mr Oliver HAINE Alderman in whose place succeeded Mr John BLACHFORD, sworne 3rd January at sessions.Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 49 [Note:- See Will of Oliver Hayne, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset proved 4 February 1623 and his pedigree in the Visitation of Dorset 1623 Page 54] 14 Jan 1622/23 Henry GARRITT John SERGEANT of Wimborne Minster husbandman in �10 ; Robert HAIGHT of WOOLL yeoman and Henry GARRITT of Dorchester Gentleman each in �5 bound over to the next sessions.. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 71 20 Jan 1622/23 Robert Walker, Mrs Margaret PARKINS MARRIAGE: 20 January 1622/23 This day Mr Robert WALKER was by Mr WHITE maried to my sister in law Mrs Margaret PARKINS: Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page50 [Note marriage took place at Holy Trinity Church Dorchester ] 30 Jan 1622/23 John ADIN, William SHEPHERD, Edmond BENVENUE, Jasper ARNOLD. FIRE: This day about one a clocke in the afternoon this towne tooke on fire in the house of Mr John ADIN in the higher parish, burnt 27 houses in that parish thereabouts, to the value of £3,500 sterling. One man was burnt in William SHEPHERDS House, to wit Edmond BENVENUE, who running home all blacke and deformed by the fire, and being followed by some friends, they laboured to stay him to have him drest, was met by Mr COKER' s man Jasper ARNOLD He thinking him to be some felon, had a pole in his hand, and beat him with it greivously, and strooke him downe. He died within two daies. The Kings Majestie granted for it a collection over all England.Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 50 [Note Edmond Benvenue a hellyer by trade left a will proved 3rd April 1623] 18 & 20 Feb 1622/3 Richard BUSHROD PATENTEE: Minute of the Council for New England. Licence granted to Richard BUSHRODE and his associates, for setting forth a ship for discovery and other employments in New England. No ship to transport men or goods to the plantation without a licence. He is admitted a patentee. [Calendar of State Papers Colonial America and West Indies - Colonial Correspondence 1622, May 31 pp 35-36 Source British History on line] 1623 John HAYWARD Listed as John HAYWARD of Dorchester husband of Margerie FRAMPTON see page 22 of Addanda to 1623 Visitation [Note separate index for addenda] 27 Mar 1623 Amias CHAPPLE: Henry GARRETT Allein BURROWES of Horton weaver in �40; Amias CHAPPLE of Dorchester miller and Henry GARRETT of Dorchester gentlemen each in �20 bound over to the next sessions. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 72 31 Mar 1623 John CHIMNEY Richard HARRIS of Froome Quinton husbandman in �40; Peter HULETT of Wimborne Minster and John CHIMNEY of Dorchester glover each in �20 bound over to the next sessions and to be of good behaviour. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 72 17 May 1623 John PARKINS Received of Mr John PARKINS my father in law twelve poundes ten shillings in full of a legacy due to my wife, given by her grandmother CHAPPELLE. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 51 30 May 1623 Mrs John GOULD DEATH: The 30th May about 7 a clocke in the morning died Mrs GOULD my Aunt, wife of Mr John GOULD Bailiffe, aged about 72 yeares and was buried the 4th June. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 52 [Wife of John GOULD (1558-1630) Merchant of Upwey and Dorchester brother of Edward and great uncle of diarist - No trace of will at National or Wiltyshire Archives] 2 June 1623 Phillip NICHOLLS; Gilbert LEADER, Joseph PERKINS; Giles GASH Phillip NICHOLLS of Dorchester tailor in �40; William HULL of Corfe Hill gentleman; Gilbert LEADER of Dorchester gentleman, Joseph PERKIONS of Dorchester clothier, and Giles GASH of Dorchester yeoman each in �10 bound over 'by warrant from the sherriff uppon a supplication out of Chancery'. Note in Margin 'Discharged 27 Dec 1623'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 74 6 June 1623 Amias CHAPPLE; Robert HOSKINS Edward COLLIER of Knighton warrener in �40; Amias CHAPPLE of Dorchester miller, and Robert HOSKINS of Dorchester cutler each in �20 bound over to the sessions at Beaminster 'for beating and hurtinge Thomas MOTYER, Anthony SPRATT and Walter SWIRE. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 74 21 Aug 1623 Mr Tobiah [or Toby] SANFORD DEATH: the 21st of this moneth about noone died Mr Tobiah SANFORD [SANDFORD] Physition [Physician] of this towne, and was buried the next day, a man of vey excellent skill in the English and Latin tongues. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 53 [Note:- See Will at National Archives of Toby Sandford, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset probate granted 1st Nov 1623 Prob 11/142] 9 Sep 1623 Roger POUNCEY Examination of Magdalen HODGES the wife of Richard HODGES of Warham carpenter --- ref to them being kinsmen of Roger PONCEY of Dorchester butcher and his wife. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 76 22 Sep 1623 John COOKE John COOKE of Dorchester mercer in �20 bound over to give evidence against John SELLMAN and Joane his wife. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 27 Sep 1623 John SAMWAYS Hugh JACOB of Punknoll carpenter and Robert HANSFORD of the same carpenter and John SAMWAYS of Dorchester mason each in �5 'Tiplers licenced'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 78 06 Oct 1623 Various ELECTED: This day were chosen for Dorchester Bailiffes William JOLLIFFE 2, Mr Dionis BOND 1. Constables Richard SAVAGE Draper, Morgam HAYNE, Mercer, Edward DASHWOOD Clothier, Govenor Joseph PATY Clothier; Assistants John LONG, Matthew BUTLER, John CONDIT, Joseph UNDERWOOD, Sheriffe of Dorset Mr Arthur RADFORD prickt by the prince; Under sheriffe John CHAMPNEYS 2d. :Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 54 [Note See also page 174 Matthew BUTLER Shoemaker of Dorchester Assistant to the Governor of Freemen 1623-25, 1629-31. Constable 1627-28.] 05 Oct 1623 Mr CHEEKE [ie Rev Robert CHEEKE] Dr Wright our new Bishop kept his visitation here this yeare in September. Mr CHEEKE acted two comedies at the sheere hall for his coming, by his scholars: Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 55 15 Nov 1623 Squire WILLIAMS This day about 10 a clocke at night Squire WILLIAMS stabd the Tapster of the George to the heart and killed him. Whereupon he fled into Holland and from thence to France, where he lived at Caen. Some 8 months after he returned, having a pardon for £1,500 : Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 55 26 Dec 1623 John SPICER, DEATH: The 26th hereof died Mr John SPICER Alderman, having beene many yeares in decay of his understanding. In his roome was chosen in the next Sessions Mr James GOULD, Merchant, at the age of 30: Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 56 [Note:- See page 182 John SPICER (d1632) MP for Dorchester 1603-11. Burgess 1610. See page 177 James GOULD (1593-1676) Clothier of Dorchester second son of John GOULD. Godfather to the diarist's son in 1628. His wife Margery was godmother to his second daughter 1624- could not trace a will at National or Wiltshire Archives] 26 Jan 1623/24 Mr William WHITEWAY Senior , Mr Richard BUSHROD ELECTED: The 26th January were chosen Burgessess for Dorchester Mr William WHITEWAY senior & Mr Richard BUSHROD. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 57 08 Mar 1623/24 Sir Arthur SMITHEYES Sir Arthur SMITHEYES came to this towne to dwell, with his houshold. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 60 27 Mar 1624 Lady Magdelene NAPPER DEATH: This day was buryed the Lady Magdelene NAPPER, who died 4 daies before, widdow to Sir Robert NAPPER knight. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 60 [Note:- See Will of Lady Magdalen Napper, Widow of Middlemarsh Hall, Dorset proved 5 June 1624 Prob 11/143 & Will of Sir Robert Napper of Middlemarshe Hall, Dorset proved 15 Nov 1615 Prob 11/126 Under this will Nappers Mite Alms Houses in Dorchester in South Street were established for the accommondation of ten poor men. He endowed them with property elsewhere. It was one of many charitable foundations established soon after the fire of 1613] 31 Mar 1624 Various NEW ENGLAND COMMITTEE: 31st dicto were the Comittes chosen for the new England busynesse at the free schole. Sir Walter ERLE Governor, Mr HUMPREYS Esq Treasurer: Sir Richard STRODE; Sir Arthur SMITHEYS; Mr John BROWNE; Doctor BEADISH; Mr John KEATE; Mr Guiles GREEN; Mr Edward CLARKE; Mr. John HILL; Mr William DERBY; Mr James GOULD; William WHITEWAY Junior; Mr Henry MANIFOLD: Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 61 31 Mar 1624 Henry BASCOMBE; Nicholas JEFFREY John PAGE of Fordington, weaver in £20, Henry BASCOMBE of Dorchester, fuller and Nicholas JEFFREY of the same taylor in £10 bound over to the next Sessions 'Accused by Robert BUNN of Fordington of stealing three hams from him'. Robert BUNN of Fordington, husbandman in £20 bound over to the next Sessions to give evidence against John PAGE. Source:- The casebook of Sir Frances Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 2 Apr 1624 Daniel HAUX; Thomas COSSENS; John BURGES Daniel HAUX of Dorchester needle maker in �20; Thomas COSSENS of Dorchester, and John BURGES of Dorchester needlemakers in �10 bound over to the next sessions at Dorchester. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 80 28 Apr 1624 James GOULD MARRIAGE: The 28th of April this yeare Cousin James GOULD was married to his wife at Bloxworth and the next day brought her home. There is a dowry of five hundred pounds. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 62 [Note there is an IGI extracted marriage record for Bloxworth Dorset for 28th April 1624 when James Gould married Margery SAVAGE] 11 Jul 1624 Margaret WHITEWAY BIRTH: The 11th hereof about half an houre after 6 a clocke in the eveningbeing Sunday, my 2[nd] daughter was borne and baptised by Mr CLARKE the 18th dicto being Sunday. The godfather was Mr Joseph PATY my unkle. Godmothers Mrs Margaret WALKER my sister, and my Cousin Mrs Margery GOULD, by whom she was called Margaret. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 64 23 Sep 1624 Thomas BALLS; William WILLS; John GREEN Thomas BALLS of Dorchester butcher in �20; William WILLS of Dorchester tailor and John GREEN of Dorchester tailor in �5 bound over to the next session in Dorchester 'for fighting with henry SYMONDS'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 82 25 Sep 1624 John WARD APPRENTICE: John WARD was bound Apprentice unto my father and myself for 9 years from this day. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 64 [Note not listed in the Municipal Records for Dorchester as a Freemans Apprentice] 25 Sep 1624 Peter GAILARD Examination of Peter Gailard of Dorchester. 'Who sayeth that he bein, Hill saw the above named beinge busyed with other his ware, he was told by Elizabeth had taken up a whittle and was gon with F-e in his standinge in Woodbury Elizabeth Gutteridge come in, and company that were there buyinge some that stood by that the said pewter dish and put it under her it'. She was taken and searched, and the dish was found under her whittle. She tried to run away but being held, she then offered to pay for the dish. 'And she further told this examinant that she dwelt at Bridgewater and was come thither to buy swale warrs'. Peter Gailard bound over in 9,20 to bring a bill of indictment against Elizabeth Gutteridge.Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 83 26 Sep 1624 James GOULD the younger MARRIAGE: September 26th Cousin James GOULD the younger was marryed at Exon to Mr MARSHALL's daughter. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 65 [Note:- CLDS Member entries suggest this was Jane MARSHALL and the marriage took place in St Mary Arches Church Exeter Devon] 26 Sep 1624 Patroclus COOKE v John CONDIT At the towne Sessions Patroclus COOKE was put out of his office of Sargeant, for some words spoken against my Lord Chief Baron and John CONDIT put in his placeSource William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 65 04 Oct 1624 Various ELECTED: The day were chosen Bailiffes for Dorchester Mr John PARKINS 4, Mr. John HILL 1; Constables Edward DASHWOOD Clothier; Henry DERBY mercer; Joseph UNDERWOOD grocer; Governor William WHITEWAY the younger; Assistants Simon HASELBURY; Henry SIMS; Richard SAVAGE; Matthew BUTTLER; Sherife of Dorset Mr Banfil CHAFFIN Esq; Undersherife Mr William GOLDESNEY: Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 65 [Note:- See also page 174 Bamfield CHAFFIN (d1644) Esq of Folke MP for Bridport 1628. Sheriff 1625. Besiged and captured by parliamentary forces. Died at Exeter and buried in the cathedral 1644]. 4 Oct 1624 Joseph REIVES; Henry BROWNE Joseph Reives of Dorchester, gent., in �20 Henry Browne of the same, merchant, in �10 Bound over to the next Sessions at Beaminster and to keep the peace, especially towards John Daggle. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 83 21 Jan 1624/25 Nicholas VAWTER, William WHITEWAY the younger ELECTED: 21st dicto Mr Nicholas VAWTER was remooved from his place of Capital Burgess in regard of his absence, and William WHITEWAY the younger chosen in his place. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 68 03 Feb 1624/25 George BULL Elizabeth PARKINS BETROTHAL: The 3rd hereof Mr George BULL was betrothed unto my sister in law Elizabeth PARKINS. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 68 03 Feb 1624/25 Thomas HAYNE, Maximilian MOHUN, Captain GOULD The 3rd hereof Captaine Thomas HAYNE left his band of men and Maximilian MOHUN succeeded him in that place. He held not and so Captain GOULD had it. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 68 13 Feb 1624/25 Robert COKER DEATH: 13th dicto Mr Robert COKER Esquire died suddenly at church at evening prayer. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 69 [Note Do not confuse with Robert COKER of Ashbosam the friend of Margaret CHUBB as he lived until 1655- This Robert Coker's will is at the National Archives ' Robert COKER of Mappowder proved 10 May 1625' --See also 'Dorset Visitation of 1677' page 14 for his pedigree his 1st wife was Thomazine the daughter and Co heir of Sir George Peters Knight of Devon his 2nd wife Amy the daughter of Thomas Molford of Devon] 04 Mar 1624/25 Captain CROUCH DEATH: Captain CROUCH was buryed in Dorchester with military Pompe. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 69 15 Mar 1624/25 Sir Francis ASHLEY APPOINTED: At this time Sir Francis ASHLEY Knight Sergeant at Law, was made the Kings Sergeant. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 1625 William BLACHFORD; and his son John BLACHFORD;
Richard SAMBOURNE;
James GOULD;
J [Josias] COOTHES;
W WHITEWAYS;
William DERBY;
DORCHESTER MERCHANTS: "Who then were the ship owners and merchants using these port facilities? They were mainly Dorchester and Weymouth men although it has not been possible to identify all of them. The number of names that appear in the Petty Customs lists for less than two years is very considerable. the total is 141 men and 2 women having some share in a cargo, and it is not claimed that this is a complete list. As will be shown later the Petty Customs returns do not exactly tally with the port book returns.
The man who dominates the shipping seems to have been William BLACKFORD (i.e. BLACHFORD) merchant clothier of Dorchester. In 1625 55 cargoes of cloth left Weymouth and he had a share in 36 of them with John his son having a share in 7. The next largest exporter was Richard SAMBOURNE another Dorchester man, with 18 loads. Other Dorchester Merchants who were exporting were J GOULD; with 8 loads; J COOTHES with 5; and W WHITEWAYS with 3 loads. Compared with these Dorchester shipments the Weymouth merchants had many fewer loads. Henry Waltham sent 10; Thomas Waltham and James James 4; Henry Mitchell 3 and T Rose, H Russell D Gier and R Maior [Major] 2 each. The import figures for the same year show J BLACKFORD with 24; James GOULD 17, R SAMBOURNE 16, J COOTHES 14 with four other Dorchester also receiving loads. However the Weymouth import cargoes were much larger----"
---"In the same way the Dorchester family of BLACKFORD confined themselves mainly to cloth but also shared in the Newfoundland trade". ---The Newfoundland trade was in oil and fish which came in dried from the banks and on which no duties were paid. One cargo noted in the 1625 port book was of fish and oil received in September for William DERBY and Company. Darby was a Dorchester merchant. In 1628 John BLACKFORD imported fish.
Source: Pages 35, 39 & 40 Extract from Studies in a Dorset History by Maureen Weinstock M.A..,F.R..Hist.S. Published by Longmans (Dorchester) Ltd 1953 23 Jan 1625 and 27 Feb 1625 Dorchester Co.
William DARBY [DERBY]
Richard BUSHROD
Richard BERRY [BURY] The third venture of the DORCHESTER Co:- "The few cargoes to the New World which appear in the port books [i.e. of Weymouth] are interesting. In January 1625 Sir Walter ERLE and Company (Erle was one of the local members of Parliament) sent out in the 'Fellowship' 8 hundredweights of meal, 40 quarts of malt for the provision of the Christians planted in New England. On 27th February he sent more meal, malt and 6 cattle in the 'Amnity'. 1625 - Two ships returned later in the year, the 'Fellowship' from Virginia carrying 300 beaver and other skins for William DARBY and the 'Amnity' with 7 hundredweight of dried fish, 8 tons of trayne oil, 141 fox skins, 14 racoon, 25 martin, 5 otter, 8 beaver, and 1 muskrat skin for Richard BUSHROD another Dorchester merchant
[Note:- These ships are also referred to on page 33 where Maureen is talking about the turnaround time of ships arriving at Weymouth mainly to do with trade with Norman and Breton ports but she also made the following reference to trade with new England. This makes it clear that :- ] ---On January 23rd 1625, the 'Fellowship' left for New England and landed cargo again in Weymouth on September 11th; the 'Amnity' sailing on February 27th was back on August 31st. The Fellowship is also listed in the survey of ships belonging to Weymouth taken on 11th March 1628 on page 32 when she is said to have been of 40 tons with 3 guns and may bear 2 more which was 20 years old and owned by Richard Berry [i.e. Richard Bury of Dorchester one of the investors in the Dorchester Co.]
Source: Pages 32, 33 and 40 Extracted from Studies in a Dorset History by Maureen Weinstock M.A..,F.R..Hist.S. Published by Longmans (Dorchester) Ltd 1953 14 Apr 1625 William DERBY, Mr HAINES, Mr Dennis BOND this day the house below the schoole was made over into the hands of Mr William DERBY and mine, for ever and The close that was Mr HAINES, to Mr Dionis BOND and Mr William DERBY, to the use of the free schoole.Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 70 20 Apr 1625 Nicholas MAUNDERS Joseph MAUNDERS of Weymouth sutor in �20; Nicholas MAUNDERS of Dorchester sutor and Roger DENNYS of Fordington joyner each in �10 bound over to the next sessions ' for abuses don to the Constables of Fordington'. Note:- Discharged 23 April 1625 upon payment of ....' Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 86 21 Apr 1625 John PYRAM : Peter GAILARD John PYRAM of Dorchester taylor and Peter GAILARD of dorchester penter each in �10 On condition that Joan the wife of Thomas BUCKLER appear at the next sessions and meantime is of good behaviour'. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 86 05 Jun 1625 Mary WHITEWAY DEATH: 5th June This day at 11 oclock at night, god took unto his mercy, my eldest daughter Mary, being fower yeares old within 6 or 7 daies. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 72 [Note:- Page 170, Born 11 June 1621] 12 June 1625 Thomas NORRIS Robert READ of Fiordington husbandman in �10; Thomas NORRIS of Dorchester miller in �5; 'Tippler supprest Fordington". Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 87 06 Jul 1625 George BULL Elizabeth PARKINS MARRIAGE: This day my sister Elizabeth PARKINS was married privately unto Mr George BULL of Wells who carried her thither upon the 11th day of the same month. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 73 [Note actually married in Holy Trinity Church Dorchester 29 June 1625] 10 Jul 1625 Mr John PARKINS; Mr BLACHFORD; Mr WHITEWAY, Mr WALTHAM PIRACY: This day being Sunday, Francis Sandars was taken by French Pirats laden with kerses, of which they took some, and let the rest goe. The Losses were. To Mr John PARKINS about £700; To Mr BLACHFORD about £350; To Mr WHITEWAY about £150; To Mr WALTHAM about £400. making a total of £1,600. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 73
Also an extract from the WEYMOUTH PORT BOOKS:- " In October 1625 John BLACKFORD [BLACHFORD] lodged a claim for goods taken by pirates to offset duty on 64 pieces of narrow canvas
Source: Page 49 Extract from Studies in a Dorset History by Maureen Weinstock M.A..,F.R..Hist.S. Published by Longmans (Dorchester) Ltd 1953 13 July 1625 John BUSHROD; John BROWNE QUARTER SESSIONS Blandford: Whereas John BUSHROD of Dorchester Clothier living in the next house to the gaole house on the west of the side thereof hath moved this Court for leave to set up some buildings on the Wall of the said gaole adjoining onto his houses we, he informeth, will be safeguarded for the said wall by keeping the same drye?? This Court doth desire John BROWNE Esq to view the said wall and to inform himself what mannor of building the said BUSHROD doth intend to raise thereon, and whether the same will will not be prejudicial or hurtful to the said wall or the buildings of the gaol adjoining, and to make Certificate thereof ont the next Sessions according to which this Court will proceed dither to give or deny leave unto the said BUSHROD to build thereon. 5 Sep 1625 Robert HOSKINS; William HAYWARD; Lawrence RYTON Robert HOSKINS of Dorchester cuttlerin �10; William HAYWARD of Dorchester cuttler and Lawrence RYTON of Dorchester cuttler each in �5 bound over to the next sessions 'committed by the bayliffe's for typling etc]. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 88 [Note:- The bailiffs for Dorchester in Sep 1625 were John PARKINS and John HILL but they changed on 3rd Oct 1625 to William WHITEWAY senior and Edmund DASHWOOD so presumably the former ] 09 Oct 1625 Various ELECTED: This day were chosen Bailiffes of Dorchester William WHITEWAY senior; Edmond DASHWOOD; Constables Henry DERBY mercer; Joseph UNDERWOOD grocer; Richard WILLIAMS Chandler; Governor John COOKE mercer; Assistants Joseph PATY; John LONG; Christopher WAY; Henry DERBY; Sherife Mr CHALDECOT Esq; Undersherife Mr GOLDSBERY tertio subvicecomite.Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 75 [Note:- See also page 175 Henry DERBY Mercer probably the brother of William. Constable 1624-28. assistant to Governor of Freemen 1625-26, 1629-30, 1633-34. Govenor 1626-27. Ensign in county militia 1627. Warden of the company of merchants 1630. Moved to Beaminster 1634.] 09 Oct 1625 Mr Edward CLARKE MEMORANDUM: that Mr CLARKE who had beene assistant unto Mr WHITE for 5 yeares remooved to Taunton in July last and Mr NICHOLS the younger came from Oxford now in October to supply his place. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 75 12 Oct 1625 Mr Henry WHITTELL, Michael HUMFRYS DEATH: The 12 hereof died Mr Henry WHITTELL one of our Aldermen and Michael HUMFRYS Esquire was chosen in his place 1st November. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 76 [ could not trace a will at National or Wiltshire Archives] 02 Nov 1625 Rev John WHITE The lecture which had beene kept on Tuesday [for] 20 yeare[s] by Mr WHITE in remembrance of the Gunpowder Treason, was this day settled upon Wednesday by occassion of the Wednesday fast. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 76 19 Nov 1625 Robert BLANDFORD, Mr GARDNER DEATH: 19th dicto died Robert BLANDFORD servant to Mr GARDNER, having been bitten by a mad dog 6 weeks before. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 77 [Note See Wills Index probate 26 June 1626 Prob 11/149] 02 Dec 1625 John WHITEWAY BIRTH: This day at 5 in the evening my second son John was borne, and baptised the 11th dicto. His surities were my brother WALKER, cousin Peter MIDDLETON, and sister Elizabeth BULL. I pray to God to make him his servant. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 77 [Note See entry 20 January 1622/23 :- This day Mr Robert WALKER was by Mr WHITE maried to my sister in law Mrs Margaret PARKINS] 27 Dec 1625 William LAWRENCE John HALLETT gave information against John DOLMAN, William LAWRENCE of Dorchester, William GEALE of Longbredy and Henry MORGAN of Stower Provost, tiplers without licence. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 89 17 Jan 1625/26 Various In this month the Privy Seals came abroad of which 152 were for Dorsett and in them 9 for Dorchester, son [i.e. sum] £100. : - Sir Francis ASHLEY£20; Mr John GOULD £10; Mr John PARKINS £10; Mr William WHITEWAY £10; Mr Richard BLACHFORD£10; Humfrey JOLLIFFE £10; Widow GOULD £10; Leonard MELLER £10; Mrs CHUBB £10 : Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 78 30 Jan 1625/26 Mr John BROWNE ELECTED: The summons for a parliament to be holden at February 6th Westminster. The knights of the shire were chosen this day, wherein though Mr John BROWNE; had more voices then Baronet MORTON, yet the shrive Mr CHALDICOTT slubberd up the busynes and returned Baronet MORTON, taking voices in a chamber. Knights Sir Thomas FREKE; Sir George MORTON Baronet; For Dorchester Micael HUMFREYS, Richard BUSHROD; William WHITEWAY Junior. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 78/79 [Note:- Also see page 176 Sir Thomas FEKE (c 1563-1633) of Iwerne Courtney. twice Knight of the Shire. Deputy Lieutenant for about 30 years and a respected figure in the county. Co-owner with his son of the ship Leopold of weymouth largest of the Dorset Privateers. ] 28 Feb 1625/26 John WHITEWAY DEATH: This day half an houre after 6 in the morning God tooke unto himselfe my second son John about 3 months old, when he had not beene sicke above 3 hours. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 80 06 Mar 1625/26 Henry BROWNE, Mr Henry COLLIER DEATH: This day died in Dorchester at Henry BROWNES house, Mr Henry COLLIER suddenly. He had beene marshall to Judge FENNER, and since, by usury, gott an estate of more than £20,000 but was lately growne lunatick and beyd for a foole. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 80 25 Mar 1626 John MULLENS Thomas Sydenham of Keevil in Wiltshire, gent., in 100 marks John Mullens of Dorchester, feltmaker, and John Peach of Maiden Newton, feltmaker, each in �40 Bound over to the next Assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 90 01 Apr 1626 Matthew BUTLER; Richard WILLIAMS; Samuel CONDITT; Henry DERBYE; Henry BROWNE Nicholas Day of Hooke, clerk, in �40 Matthew Butler of Dorchester, shoomaker, and Richard Williams of the same, chaundler, each in �20 Bound over to the next Assizes. Samuel Conditt of Dorchester, tailor, in �40 Henry Derbye of the same, mercer, and Henry Browne of the same, merchant, each in �20 Bound over to the next Assizes. Source The casebook of Sir Francis Ashley JP Recorder of Dorchester 1614-1635 Page 90 03 Apr 1626 Michael HUMFREIES DEATH: This day Michael HUMFREIES died in London. Being one of the Capital Burgesses of Dorchester, and at present one of our Burgesses for the Parliament. In his steed was chosen for Capital Burgesses of Dorchester Mr William DERBY upon the 10th April and Burgess for the parliament William WHITEWAY Junior upon the 19th dicto. Source William Whiteway of Dorchester His Diary 1618-1635 Page 81 [Note:- See page 178:- Michael HUMPHREY (d 1626) Esq of East Chaldon and Dorchester. Alderman of Dorchester 1625. Died whilst MP for Dorchester. the diarist was elected to sit out his term -No trace of will at National or Wiltshire archives] 4 Apr 1626 John LAYES; Ann TITTMAN Ordered that John Laynes should pay 12d weekly towards the maintenance of a base child b
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Sir Ambrose Shea
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Sir Ambrose Shea, diplomat, politician, businessman, newspaperman (born c. 1815 in St. John’s, Newfoundland; died 30 July 1905 in London, England). Sir Ambros...
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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-ambrose-shea
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Early Years
Ambrose Shea’s father, Henry Shea, was a successful merchant. He arrived in Newfoundland in the late 1700s. Henry went on to raise a family of three girls and six boys. One son spent his life in England. The other five children became prominent members of Newfoundland society. Two became physicians and two became publishers of the family-run newspaper, The Newfoundlander. The youngest, Edward, served alongside Ambrose in the House of Assembly for many years.
Early Career
At the time of Shea’s birth in St. John’s in 1815, Newfoundland was a fledgling colony of some 40,000 inhabitants. That number more than doubled by the time Shea was first elected to the Assembly in 1848. But the island remained overlooked in the British Empire. With little arable land or heavy industry, Newfoundland was dependent upon the export of fish and the import of manufactured goods. Within this context, Shea was dedicated to expanding and diversifying Newfoundland’s economy through colonial trade networks. He pushed for the establishment of regular steamship routes to Halifax and Montreal, and for the construction of a railway across the island. Shea was regarded as an asset to the government in these projects. Eloquent and diplomatic, he made strong connections in St. John’s by selling and chartering ships during his early career. He was well positioned to negotiate with private capitalists on behalf of the government.
Shea was first elected to represent the district of Placentia-St. Mary’s as a member of the Liberal Party. The two central planks of the Liberal platform were the establishment of free trade with the United States and a system of responsible government. Shea played an active role in realizing both aims. In 1853, he travelled to Washington, DC, to negotiate Newfoundland’s inclusion in the Reciprocity Treaty between Canada and the United States. This was the first of several diplomatic missions he made on behalf of the colony.
Not everything went so smoothly, however. As a leading member of the Liberal caucus, Shea’s campaign for responsible government brought him into direct conflict with the governors of the colony — first with John Gaspard Le Marchant and then with Ker Baillie-Hamilton — who refused to subordinate their office to the House of Assembly. After nearly seven years of public sparring, responsible government was granted by the Colonial Office. It was inaugurated with the election of 1855, in which Shea was re-elected and the Liberals retained their commanding majority.
Speaker of the House of Assembly
For the next six years, Shea served as Speaker of the House of Assembly. This position focused on the more technical aspects of government and policy. It initially removed him from public controversies. But in July 1858, the premiership was taken over by John Kent, a pro-clerical leader whose politics were at odds with Shea’s belief that religious sectarianism had no place in government. Before long, the Liberals were severely weakened by internal bickering between Shea, Kent and the attorney general. Shea threatened to resign as Speaker. He in turn was called out by the editors of The Public Ledger, a rival paper to The Newfoundlander, for his “audacity to attempt a control of Government by resigning his position.” The Liberals narrowly lost the election of 1861 to the Conservatives. Shea found himself seated in the opposition.
Confederation
Newfoundland was invited to attend the Quebec Conference in the fall of 1864. The administration sent two delegates: Ambrose Shea, to represent Liberal-Catholics; and the Assembly’s new speaker, Frederic Carter, to represent Protestant-Conservatives. Both became enthusiastic supporters of Confederation. But both men had difficulty convincing their colleagues and constituents of its benefits. The island had won relative autonomy a decade earlier when it gained responsible government; many people felt that its interests would be compromised by a remote and indifferent government outside the colony.
The following year, Carter became premier. Shea — along with his brother Edward and John Kent — crossed the floor to join the executive of the new government. By 1869, party lines had been completely redrawn between pro-Confederation candidates, led by Carter and Shea, and the anti-Confederation party, led by Charles James Fox Bennett. Shea’s team lost badly. For the first time, he lost his own seat.
(See also: “The Anti-Confederation Song”; Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation.)
Later Life and Career
Ambrose Shea contested the seat for St. John’s East as a Conservative in 1873, but lost again. However, another election came only a year later. This time he contested the seat for the town of Harbour Grace, which he won. For the subsequent decade he spent in the Assembly — working once again under Frederic Carter’s premiership, then under William Whiteway’s — he continued to push for the expansion of trade by way of steamship cargo, as well as what would become the Newfoundland Railway Company. (See also Railway History.)
By far the most trying incident of these years came in 1883. Religious tensions in Shea’s constituency of Harbour Grace boiled over, resulting in a riot that killed three Orangemen and one Catholic. Nineteen Catholics were brought to trial in the aftermath. They were soon acquitted by the Supreme Court of Newfoundland. However, Whiteway’s caucus moved to officially condemn their acquittal in an amendment to the 1885 Speech from the Throne. Shea and others saw the move as brazenly anti-Catholic. The debacle set Shea at odds with the Conservative caucus. In the election of 1885, he once again crossed the floor, winning St. John’s East for the Liberals.
In September of that year, the Governor of Newfoundland, John Hawley Glover, died. Shea, then 70 years old, began petitioning for his appointment to the office. He travelled to London, England, to make his case at the Colonial Office, where he was well received. Carter was also in the running, but Shea, with his diplomatic experience and commercial expertise, seemed like the obvious choice. However, Shea’s opponents in Newfoundland, including Whiteway, lobbied to prevent his appointment. In 1886, the title was given to Sir George William Des Vœux, a colonial official with no prior connection to Newfoundland. Shea returned to St. John’s, frustrated by what he saw as Orange Order prejudice.
Governor of the Bahamas
A year later, however, the Colonial Office granted Shea governorship of the Bahamas. He and his wife, Louisa, arrived in Nassau in October 1887. They remained there for seven years. In that time, Shea worked to develop the archipelago’s networks of transportation and communication — in particular telegraph and steamship routes. He also oversaw the construction of a new hospital and tried to help poor rural communities by promoting the cultivation of sisal (a species of Agave).
In 1895, he and Louisa retired to London, England. Shea died there on 30 July 1905, at the age of 90. His body was returned to St. John’s, where he was given a state funeral.
Legacy
Sir Ambrose Shea was one of the most influential Newfoundland politicians of the 19th century. He served in the colony’s House of Assembly for 34 years. Though never elected premier or appointed governor, he was a key player in both Liberal and Conservative administrations. A skilled orator and diplomat, he was universally admired for his persistent attempts to mend political divisions between Catholics and Protestants, and for his promotion of the island’s economic development. The Sir Ambrose Shea Bridge in Placentia is named in his honour.
Shea also confronted serious political obstacles. As a moderate Catholic with close connections to London, he was never well positioned to lead the Liberal Party, which throughout his career possessed a strong clerical and Irish-nationalist streak. As a Catholic, he was never fully at home in the predominantly Protestant Conservative Party. Even more detrimental to his career was his enthusiastic support for Confederation. It did not gain widespread popularity in Newfoundland until the mid-20th century. He is nevertheless considered a Father of Confederation.
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Pilgrims of Fordington & Dorchester Dorset England
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Dorchester Company 1624
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ORIGINAL LIST
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
CHARLES ADYN & LAWRENCE ADYN living about Shrowsbury, Shrowshire. [Note now Shrewsbury in Shropshire]
[Entries 85 and 84 in listing] [MR] Charles & Lawrence ADYN [ADIN] I have not so far located an Adyn family in Shropshire at this date so cannot at present see a connection with those in Dorchester.
According to David Underdown in 'Fire from Heaven' the family of ADYN had been prominent in Dorchester for over a century in the early 1600's. 'Families like the Adyns occupied civic offices more or less in rotation but took little part in the affairs of the country': William Adyn was MP for Dorchester in 1571. As Country Gentlemen I did not expect to find them being educated at Oxford or Cambridge and they do not appear in the Alumni records. They were Maltsters and the 2nd fire of Dorchester broke out in John Adyn's Malt house on 30 Jan 1623. John died in Dorchester in the summer of 1626. Whilst the Adyn family was well known to the Rev. John White it is unlikely they shared his vision. Robert ADYN for example was a catholic recusant and despite his father & brother holding high civic office he spent most of his life in Dorchester Goal because of his outspoken religious views. MR. ALDEN . Robert Alden one of those who sold their right to the Plymouth Planters in 1626. Bradford says "Mr Allden (something now softened by my letter before mentioned) who was one of our powerfulest opposers, did not yield thereto, but was a furtherer of the [composition of Adventurers]".
[Entry 121 in listing] [MR] Robert ALDEN [ALLDEN] His name is listed among the 42 Adventurers who according to William Bradford Governor signed the Allerton agreement on 15 Nov 1626. MARGARET ALLEN of Bloxworth, widow.
[Entry 54 in listing] [Need access to Parish Registers DHC - I note that a Margaret ALLEN married a William BUN in Fordingtion on 19th Jul 1626 which could be her remarrying in her widowhood ?] RICHARD ALLEN of Ditchet, Devon, [Clerk] . Rector of Ditcheat, installed 8 Apr. 1608, "A celebrated Non-Conformist divine". His son was rector at Batcombe, but was deprived in 1662 as a preacher up of sedition, zealous covenanter". [Entry 92 in listing] [MR] , Note: See Separate Biography on this site.Richard ALLEN [ALLEINE] MA. (c1575 - 1656) SIR FRANCIS ASHLEY [Knight] 3rd son of Anthony Ashley, of Damerham, Whiltshire. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1589; Barrister, Sergeant-at-law; Knighted 1618. Recorder of Dorchester and M.P. for the Borough of Dorchester, 1614-1625. Died 2nd Nov 1635. Will [P.C.C. 44 Pil] probate 19 May 1636. His daughter and heiress married Denzil Holles. [Entry 1 in listing] [MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site.Sir Francis ASHLEY (1569-1635) JOHN BALL of Langton [Clerk] d.20 Oct 1639 Will (P.C.C. 52 Coventry) 4 Jun 1639, pro. 29 Apr 1640; Rector of Langton Matravers 1618; cousin of John White[Entry 60 in listing] [MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site.John BALL [BAWLE] (1574-1639) JOHN BLACHFORD [ Woolen Draper] Married Margaret Membury, 6 Oct. 1610, Trinity Church, Dorchester. Buried [Trinity] 23 Nov 1632 [Source Rev.RG Bartelot]
[Entry 21 in listing] [MR] Note: See Genealogical Notes on The BLACHFORD Family of Dorchester 1593-1652 DENNIS BOND [Woollen Draper] Son of John Bond of Lutton in Purbeck (Dorset) and father of John Bond, minister of the Savoy. M.P. for Dorchester 1640. [When dying in 1658, was in much anxiety of spirit; the vulgar talk was that the Devil came to take away Cromwell, at the same time on his death bed, who was not prepared to go;" he gave Bond for his future appearance, and on 3 September made good his promise". d. 30 Aug.1658
[Entry 12 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site Dennis BOND (1588-1658)
MATTHEW BONGER [Baker,] Married Margery Hardy, 24 Sept. 1607, Trinity Church, Dorchester. His shop was near the East end of St. Peter's Church. Bur. 12 Feb. 1637/8.
[Entry 26 in listing] Matthew BONGER [or BONGIER or BONIOUR] (c1580 - 1637/8 or after 1645?)
Very little is known about Matthew BONGER's life. The earliest record I can locate about him is his marriage to Margery HARDYE in the church of Holy Trinity in Dorchester on 26 Oct 1607 when he would have been married by the newly arrived Rev. John WHITE. The average age for marriage for a male in 17th Century Dorchester was 27 so I have had to assume birth circa 1580. There is an early record which may apply to the 18th year of the Reign of James I [1619/20] which suggests that Matthew Bonger obtained a lease from the burgesses of the town for the term of his natural life for the 'Sheep market' for which he agreed to pay the Mayor and Burgesses £10 per annum.
On 2nd Nov 1621 he was formally admitted as a member of the Company of Freemen when his occupation was recorded as that of a baker. He also of course invested in the Dorchester Company in 1624. At a special court of the Governor, assistants, and Freemen of the Borough held on 24th day of September 1630 it was agreed that the tradesmen and handicraftsmen of the borough be divided into five companies each of which was to be governed by a warden. One of these was the 'Company of Fishmongers' which despite it's title covered 19 diverse trades one of which was 'bakers' and another the 'butchers'. Matthew Bonger was appointed the first ever warden of the Fishmongers Company and his role was to attend the Governors Court and report all abuses of trading within his area of responsibility by foreigners or freemen. He was clearly therefore of some standingg in the community.
On 1st June 1632 we also know that he had a servant called William Douche as he gave evidence against a number of townspeople for playing 'nine holes' on the Sabbath day. Rose Troup refers to his burial on 12 Feb 1637/8 but I have yet to confirm this and there is the following entry in the Municipal Records which may suggest otherwise. He did however marry in 1607 so its possible that this is his son who perhaps became a member of the Company of Freemen after 1635 when the records cease.
A feature of the town were the butchers shops (or standings) and shambles situated near the east end of St Peters church which were town property. On 22 July 1640 it was agreed, at the motion of Matthew Bonger, that the sergeants at Mace would on St James day next proclaim in the fair that if the country men will bring in their sheep and cattle on any market days, provision shall be made for penning of the sheep that shall be brought to the market to be sold. There were two rows of butchers shops, east and west, and on 10 June 1645 one in the west row was leased by a Matthew Bonger.
Genealogical Notes:-
[FFH] page 133: Phillimore's Marriage Registers, published in 1909: [MRD] Pages 403, 422, 494, 502, 664, 698: [HACD] p 339 [RT] p451 Note:- A Matthew BANGER was buried at powerstock dorset 1657 see NBI? MILES BOWNES - [Clerk] b.1585, d. 1630. Will [P.C.C. 98 Scope] pro by relict Eleanor 17 Nov. 1630. Of Queens College, Oxford. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Hampreston inst. 1614.
[Entry 35 in listing]
[CAM] BOWNES or BOWNAS, Miles Entered 29 Oct 1602; MA 1612 (Inc from Oxford) of Westmoreland Matricated (from Queens College Oxford) Oct 29 1602; Rector of Hampreston Dorset Will PCC 1630.
[OXA] BOWNES, Myles, of Westmoreland pleb Queens College Oxford matriculated 29 Oct 1602 aged 17; BA 20 May 1606; MA 6 Jul 1609; (incorporated at Cambridge 1612) BD 9 Mar 1620-21 as Bowness.
[CCED] BOWNES, Myles ordained 23 Dec 1609; deacon of Staunton Harecourte 24 Dec 1609; Priest 23 Sep 1610; Instituted Rector of Hampreston 19 July 1615. His successor was appointed 2 Dec 1630. [MR] The impressive monument opposite is to him and his 8 daughters & situated inside All Saints Church in Hampreston.
[PRO] Will of Miles Bownes, Parson of Hampreston, Dorset; Date of Probate 17 November 1630; Name of Register: Scroope Quire Numbers: 64 - 117; Prob Ref 11/158 WILLIAM BRADISH, [Clerk] - Doctor of Divinity of Puddletowne, Dorset (5 m. NE of Dorchester). Will dated 7 Oct. 1638.[Source Pope MSS Dorchester] Rector of Puddletowne and Athelhampton, Jan. 1623. His brother Stephen Bradish of Ireland "went beyond seas".[Source Rev RG Bartelot] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 58 in listing]
Against the east wall of the Sanctuary is a Mural Tablet, now illegible, to the Rev William Bradish D D, Vicar of Puddletown from 1611 to 1639. The inscription originally read: �QUE COETUM HUNC PIETATE ANTIQUA, ET OPERA ASSIDUA PER ANNOS XXVIII INSTITUIT HIC PLACIDE OBDORMIT, VIR OMNI ERUDITIONE, MORUMQUE SUAVITATE EXECULTISSIMUS GULIELMUS BRADESHIUS SACRAE THEOLOGIAE PROFESSOR COLL. EMAN. CANTAB. OLIM ALUMNUS� May be translated as: �Here sleeps peacefully the man who for 27 years presided over this Guild (or Gathering) with all the piety of the ages of faith, and with unfailing energy. He was unrivalled for his extensive learning and for the sweetness of his disposition. His name was William Bradish: he was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Professor of Theology. [WW] BRADISH, DR. Died 1638. rector of Puddletown and Athelhampton from 1611. Investor in the Dorchester Company. A leader in opposition to the Fifteen, Sept 1631.
[CCED] BRADISH, William [Willimus] Refers to earlier appointment 7 Jun 1609 as Rector of Morton Derbyshire; also Instituted as Rector of free chapel of Athelhampton Dorset 29 Jan 1624.
[CAM] BRADISH, William Adm pens at Emmanuel College Cambridge Aug 26 1594 (previously Trinity College 1592) Scholar of Emmanuel; BA 1597/8; MA 1601; BD 1608; DD 1621; Fellow of Emmanuel 1601; Vicar of Piddletown Dorset 1611-38; Died 1638.
[MR] At the National Archives [Dorset History Centre] ; Church of England, Puddletown Parish, Dorset; Two copies of the will of William Bradish D.D. of Puddletown See Ref PE/PUD/CH/2/1 1638: Also under Burials in woollen PE/PUD/RE/4/1 1678-1716 At the back: Notes on the deaths [inscriptions?] of William Bradish 1638.
[MR] In "The decline of life" by Susannah Ottaway -- " The principal endowed charity in Puddletown was Bradish's charity, set up in the 17c by the Will of William Bradish . The charity gave �4 annually to clothe six poor people in the village(upon condition they be then able to say by heart the catechism) & 20shillings distributed each Christmas to four poor persons of the parish who could read.
[RT] Elected to the New Planters Parliament at the free school 31 Mar 1634
JOHN BROWNE, Esq. - Of Frampton. Son of Sir John Browne of Frampton b.c. 1582, d. 16 May 1659. Of Magdalen College, Oxford; Of Middle Temple; M.P. Dorset and Bridport. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] [New England Plantation]
[Entry 53 in listing] [MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site. John BROWNE JP (1582-1659) WALTER BURGES of Buckland. [Clerk] B. c.1580. of Oriel College, Oxford, from Dorset. Vicar of Buckland Ripers, installed 1608. Parliamentary return 1650 "Mr. Walter Burges, an able man as minister".Afterwards Preacher at Radipole. [Bayley Civil Wars]
[Entry 72 in listing] [OXA] BURGES, Walter of Dorset; pleb Oriel College Oxford Matriculated 12 Dec 1600 age 20; BA 23 Jun 1604; MA 22 Jun 1608; Vicar of Buckland Ripers Dorset 1608.
[CCED] BURGES, Walterus ordained decon in Salisbury Cathedral 26 May 1605 RICHARD BURY [Grocer] d before 1668; Elected feoffee of Dorchester Free School 24 Mar 1640/1. One of "Dorset committee" 1646 [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 22 in listing] Richard BURY [BURIE/BURYE/BERRY] (c1584 - 1661) Link to Transcription of his Will
A grocer and apothecary by trade the earliest reference I have to him is when he took on his first apprentice (a Thomas Evans the son of a local widow) on 25 Aug 1619 for 10 years. As such by law Richard had to be a householder and at least 24 years old so he was born prior to 1595 and later information places this nearer to 1584 or perhaps slightly earlier. In 1624 he was one of the 119 investors in the 'Dorchester Company', and when there were difficulties in 1627 he was one of the main supporters with John White to reform the company. In the Survey of ships belonging to Weymouth his name appears as Richard BERRY as the owner of the 'Fellowship' the first of the ships bought by the Dorchester Company. Between 1619 and 1633 the municipal records show that he took on five apprentices in all, the fourth being a William White the son of a widow Anne on 25 June 1632.
Note:- William White (1617-aft 1684) was the nephew of Rev John White by his elder brother Josias who died in 1622/3 leaving 4 children, the third son being called William. Although his widow Anne remarried to a Francis Drake in Surrey he also died on 17 March 1633 and like many others in the White family Anne moved to live in Dorchester close to the patriarch and her son. We know her son William became a merchant trading in Dorchester and married Dorothy one of Richard Bury's daughters before removing to live in London.
Richard Bury, a staunch puritan, was first elected Constable of Dorchester for a year on 2 Oct 1626, a post he also held during 1629-30. In 1627 he and another constable Richard Williams were required to press men for Buckingham's ill fated expedition to the Isle of Rhe. On 6 Oct 1628 he was elected Governor of the Company of Freemen filling the role of Assistant Governor the following year and again in 1632-33. As such his name appears in the Charter granted to Dorchester by Charles I which was dated 22nd Sep 1629 where he is listed as one of the original 24 members of the Common Council of Freemen. He was also elected as a Capital Burgess of the town on 2nd January 1632/3 when he took over from John Long who had recently died. He was elected Bailiff of Dorchester on 30 Sep 1633 (and again in 1638 and 1647) and County Treasurer in 1635. He first became Mayor of Dorchester in 1640, being appointed a second time on 4 Oct 1650. Another role he was elected to was that of feoffee of the Dorchester Free School on 24 Mar 1640/1. He lived in a house that he had purchased from a Charles James in 1637 for £190 called 'Foxwell's tenement'. It was situated between houses owned by James Gould a merchant of Dorchester and the widow Elizabeth Cundytt on the east side of South High Street Dorchester.
He was one of the few that did well very out of the civil war (1642-1651) and an indication of his wealth is given in Charters 691/2 where he leased 'Court farm' in the parish of Buckhorne Weston Dorset for �1,100 and many other lands for 99 years.
He married a Dorothy and they had at least 3 sons Phineas, John & Thomas BURY and 4 daughters, these being Dorothy the wife of William White; Sarah the wife of Samuel Clarke (who was one of the witnesses of Richard Bury's will); Mary the wife of Samuel Cromleholme and Elizabeth the wife of Michael Watts. Its possible that he had a 4th son Nathaniel as he was admitted to the Company of Freemen in Dorchester on 03 Jan 1632/3 an apothecary apprenticed to his father. nathaniel married in Wiltshire in 1639 but is not listed in Richard Bury's will.
Phineas Bury (1634-1678/9) is recorded as a scholar of Dorchester, presumably of the 'free school' there as his father was feoffee. Phineas was educated at Wadham College Oxford where he matriculated 2 Apr 1652 at the age of 18. Obtaining his BA in 1654, became a Fellow 1656, and received his MA in 1657. He was a sub warden in 1662, proctor 1665, and became Canon of Chester in 1670, and Rector of Southrop Gloucestershire in 1675. He died in London on 28 Jan 1678/9.
John Bury (c1636) married Ann Bascombe, both described as being from Weymouth, at St Peters Church in Dorchester in August 1657. They had a son Richard Cromleholme Bury who was born on 24th Oct 1664 baptised at St Peters on 8th Nov 1664.
In 1648 he was made an officer of the new volunteer force & on 15th July marched on Shaftsbury. Municipal Records in Dorchester show that he was elected as an Alderman of the town on 29th October 1652 but was living in London in 1656 and in 1659 was described as being well into his 70's. He wrote his will on 20th March 1660 when he simply gave his residence as London. He died in 1661 his will being proved on 25th October that year. Link to Transcription of his Will. In Dorchester he was replaced as Capital Burgess because he had died on 14 Apr 1662.
Sources:-
[FFH] pages 122, 180, 208, 212, 214/5, 217, 223, 233: [HD] page 129: [MRD] : [RT] Pages 93, 101, 263, 457: [WW] pages 85, 99, 106/7, 125, 127, 134, 157,174: Phineas OXA. [SDH] page 32 RICHARD BUSHROD - [Haberdasher and Merchant Adventurer] Son of John Bushrod of Sherborne, Dorset. Married Dorothy sister of John Watts. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] d. 1 July 1628.Will [P.C.C.- Ridley] Bailiff of Dorchester 1621. M.P. for Dorchester, 1625/6. Obtained licence for voyage to New England [New Planters Parliament] [Entry 32 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site. Richard BUSHROD (1576-1628) ROBERT CHEEKE - [Clerk] b. c.1572,Of Magdalen Hall Oxford, from Somerset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 8 July 1627. Rector of All Saints Church, Dorchester and schoolmaster.
[ Entry 34 in listing] [MR] Note:- The life of Rev. Robert CHEEKE MA (1572-1627) is covered under the History of the Free school in Dorchester.
EDWARD CLARKE, [Clerk] Married as 2nd wife Anne Pelham, dau. of Herbert Pelham at Fordington 3 May 1621; she was sister of Eliz. 2nd wife of John Humfry . d.31 Dec 1630. Will (PCC 41 St. John) .pro. 18 Apr 1631. Assistant to John White 1620-1625. Removed to Taunton in July 1625 [Source Whiteways diary] Vicar of St Mary Magdalen Taunton 1628 [Weaver] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 44 in listing] Edward (Edwardus) CLARKE (1593/94-1631) He was educated at Oxford matriculating at Exeter College on 14th Feb 1611/12 at the age of 18 being awarded a BA in 1616 and MA in 1619(1) . From there he went to Dorchester arriving in 1620 to become an assistant to the charismatic Rev. John WHITE the rector of Holy Trinity Church(2) . Through John White he met the Rev. Edward PELE (1582-1643), the vicar of nearby St Georges Church in Fordington and was introduced to the influential PELHAM family. Herbert PELHAM, the head of the family, unfortunately died shortly after his arrival on 21st April 1620 and the following year on 2nd May Edward CLARKE married Anne the daughter of Herbert PELHAM by his second wife Elizabeth(3) . Anne PELHAM had been baptised in Hellingly Sussex 22 Mar 1601/02 before the family moved to Fordington and was a younger sister to Thomas PELHAM listed below(4). She also had a younger sister Elizabeth (Bap Hellingly Sussex 27 apr 1604) that married in Salisbury on 4 Sep 1621 to become the 2nd wife of John HUMPHREY of Chaldon Herring(4) . He was also active in promoting the settlement of New England, where he arrived with his wife in May, 1635 to become Deputy Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Edward and Anne had three children baptised in Fordington : (1) Elizabeth 10 months after they married on 17 Feb 1621; (2) Anne baptised 23 Nov 1623; and (3) Edward baptised 19 Jun 1625(3) . Both Edward CLARKE and Anne's brother Thomas PELHAM invested in the Dorchester Company and on 3rd March 1623/24 he was one of the 12 members elected to serve under the Govenor Sir Walter Erle on the New England Committee. On Sunday 18th July 1624 Edward baptised Margaret (Margery) the daughter of William WHITEWAY the diarist, another member of the committee.
In July 1625 he removed his family to Taunton(2) presumably as curate to the church of St Mary Magdalen as he was formally instituted as rector there on 1st April 1628(5) . He was succeeded in his post as assistant to John WHITE by Ferdinando NICHOLLS. Edward CLARKE's death is recorded in William WHITEWAY's Diary as 31st December 1630 which also shows that his wife died on 17th of the same month.(6) Genealogical Notes:-
(1) [OXA] : (2) [WW Pages 61, 64, 75, 114, 129, 174]: (3) Bishops Transcripts Fordington: (4) DV & DV2 Pelham pages 53/54: (5) [CCED] (6) [PRO] Will of Edward Clarke, Clerk, Vicar of Taunton, Somerset; Probate date 18 Apr 1631; Name of Register: St. John Quire Numbers: 1 - 68 Ref PROB 11/159 (7) FFH Pages 63,258,453.
ROBERT COKER - [Goldsmith] Son of Thomas Coker of Dorchester; born c1579. Bur. (St Peter's) 4 Jan 1654/5 [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] He or his son must have been the goldsmith from whom captain Sydenham "borrowed" plate in his raid on Dorchester 1644 [Page 313]
(Entry 17 in listing) Robert COKER (1579-1654/5) of Ashbosam was a goldsmith by trade and like his father lived in Dorchester. His grandparents were Thomas COKER of Ashbosom and Alice the daughter of Peter STANTER of Hornesham in Wiltshire. His father, their fifth son, was also named Thomas COKER and his mother Joane (nee HALLETT).
This family should not be confused with the Coker's of Mappowder many of which went to university, and may well have been related. See the 1677 Visitation of Dorset pages 14/15 for their pedigree - in particular Robert Coker of mappowder who died 24 Feb 1625 and is mentioned in William Whiteways diary.
Robert COKER married into the Chubb family (circa 1603) when he wed Martha the daughter of William CHUBB of Frome Selwood in Somerset. According to the 1623 Visitation of Dorset they had seven children:- (1) Mathew 1604; (2) Robert 1607;(3) Margaret 1609 who married William PATY 6 Oct 1628; (4) Joane 1612; (5) John 1618; (6) William 1620; and (7) Martha in 1622. Robert became a close friend to another goldsmith Matthew CHUBB (the elder) who was bailiff of Dorchester 1593, 1602 and in 1610. Matthew was authorised by the King on 12 Nov 1613 to advance £1,000 for the rebuilding of Dorchester after the great fire that year. The richest man in Dorchester he rebuilt the George Inn and with his wife Margaret endowed an almshouse for women. Matthew died in 1617. By the time his widow Margaret CHUBB died in 1628 her only son and heir Matthew CHUBB junior was still under age (who William Whiteway in his diary refers to as a 'little boy') so she left in her will dated 18 April 1625 all her lands and goods to Robert COKER on the condition that his 2nd daughter Joan COKER married her son. This clearly happened as Charter 636 (item 9) refers to Joane CHUBB the widow of Matthew CHUBB conveying the premises back to her parents on 23 Jan 1633.
The municipal records show that one month before the great fire of Dorchester (1613), which burnt down half the town, Robert COKER took on an apprentice Jasper ARNOLD for 10 years. On 30 Sep 1622 he was elected Assistant Governor of the Company of Freemen, a post he also held 1627-28, and 1629-30. in 1624 he invested in the Dorchester Co and was supportive of John WHITE's efforts to establish a plantation in New England. The Charter issued to Dorchester by Charles I dated 22 Sep 1629 names him as one of the 24 members of the Common Council of Freeman. In 1634 he was elected Governor of the Company for that year. During the Civil War he supported the Royalists. Robert died intestate being buried at St Peters Church 04 Jan 1654/5. Sources:- [DD] Pages 19 & 138 Chubb page 135 etc: [DV] : [DV2] : Nat Archives Matthew Chubb Prob 11/130 will proved 15 July 1617: Margaret Chubb Prob 11/153 will proved 14 May 1628: [FFH] pages 153, 205, 206: [HD] page 129: [MRD] page 346/8 + Numerous ref on 20 different pages [RT] pages 102. 313, 450 [WW] pages 48, 69, 92, 99, 151, 175.Note:- See Index to Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury : and now preserved in the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House Lodon, for Administration of his estate in 1655 with (admons d.b.n. June 1670) under folio 66.
JOHN CONANT [Counant] - [Clerk] son of Richard Conant of East Budleigh, Devon. Bp. 18 Mar 1585/6 d.13 April 1653. Will (P.C.C. 285 Brent) 8 Apr 1653 pro. 26 Sept 1653; Rector of Lymington Somerset inst 30 Dec 1619. Member of the Assembly of Divines [Brother of Roger Conant.] [For full account of him see F Odell Conant History of Conant Family].
[Entry 93 in listing] [CCED] Ordained deacon 5 Mar 1615 Instituted Rector of Lymington 30 Dec 1619; ordained priest 16 Mar 1620; Licenced to preach whole of England 27 jun 1620
[OXA] CONANT, John of Devon pleb. Exeter College matriculated 15 Nov 1605 aged 18; BA 5 May 1609; Fellow 1611-1620; MA 29 Jan 1611/12; BD 2 Dec 1619; Licenced to preach 27 Jun 1620; Incorporated at cambridge 1620; Rector of Lymington
[RT] CONANT, John Highly esteemed by the Puritans being appointed Rector of Exeter College and a member of the Assembly of Divines. Brother of Christopher & Roger Conant of East Budleigh. His brothers went to London to make their fortune whilst he went to Oxford. Christopher as a grocer and Roger as a dealer in salt and salted fish. Roger married Sarah Horton 11 Nov 1618 at st Anns Blackfriars and they emigrated to the Plymouth Colony arriving in April 1623. His brother Christopher arrived that July but returned to England after a few years. Roger disliking separatist rule left the colony to join those left at Cape Ann. See Book for account and description of him and the short biography of John White on this site
JOHN COOKE - [Mercer] Buried 26 April 1641, Trinity Church, Dorchester. Will dated 23 April 1641, proved 26 Oct. 1641 [PCC 127 Evelyn].
[Entry 4 in listing] [WW] COKE, John (died 1641) Mercer and fustian-weaver of Puddletown and Dorchester. First Governor of the hospital 1616-34. Governor of freemen 1625-26, 1629-32. Lieutenant in county militia 1627. A leader in revolt against Fifteen 1631. Twice undersheriff.
[WW] Diary date: 1 Oct 1619 made Constable Diary date: 29 Sep 1620 made constable. PATROCLUS COOKE - Beadle of the Freemen of Dorchester 1621. Buried [Trinity] as Patroclius Cooke 18 January 1657/8. Will dated 3 Jan. 1657/8 (PCC 257 Wooten). [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 6 in listing] [WW] COOKE, Patroclus (died 1658) Beadle of company of freemen 1621-22. 1623-24. Sergeant at Mace 1624 and 1634. One of leaders in revolt against the Fifteen 1631. Burgess 1631. Married 2nd wife in Dorchester 15th April 1634.
[FFH] Constable 1620; Beadle 1621; 1624 dismissed as sergeant (For some words spoken against Lord chief Baron- See WW Diary page 65); sidesman Trinity Parish next few years ; Overseer Trinity 1633; 1636 constable again; supplied ammunition in Civil war 1644 - Will dated 28th May 1658 Nat Archives Prob 11/276 available on line)
[NBI] Petroelius COOKE buried Dorchester Dorset Parish of Holy Trinity 18 Feb 1658
JOSIAS COOTH [COOTHES] of Sherborne. [Linen Draper]. [See Bayley Civil Wars]
[Entry 73 in listing]
Will of Josias COOTH (d.1666), Mercer of Sherborne, Dorset;
In the name of God Amen I Josias COOTH of Sherborne in the County of Dorset Mercer being very infirm in body but in good and perfect memory blessed be to God do revoke all formewr wills and make this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following.
First I render my soul into the hands of Almighty God my only saviour and redeemer hoping for salvation in and through the mercy and merits of Jesus Christ
And my body to be interred in the churchyard of Sherbone where the body of Elizabeth my former wife deceased lyeth.
And touching such temporal estate as God hath blest me with
Impremis I shall leave unto my loving wife Anne my copyhold tenement in Brockhampton for her yo enjoy during her widowhood according to the custom of the Manor.
And I give unto my daughter Mary all the rest and residue of my tenure which shall be to come and unexpired in certain grounds called Ffeaventh? and all my right totle and interest that I now have or hereafter might or shall have or ought to have in a parcel of ground called or known by the name of March Wood with all my household stuff and all the rest and residue of my estate real and personal moveable and unmoveable whatsoever and I do nominate and appoint her to be my executrix of this my last Will and Testament.
And for as much as my daughter is an infant my will is and I do constitute my wife Anne to be her Guarian until my daughter shall be married or until she shall accompluish the age of twenty years which shall first happen. And my will is that my loving wife Anne shall have full power and authority to make sale or any other monies to dispose of any of the estate of my daughter as she in her wisdom shall best think for the benefit and advantage of my daughter Mary my executrix.
And if my daughter Mary shall happen to die before marriage and before she accomplish the age of twenty years Then my will is that my loving wife Anne shall have and enjoy the whole remainder of my estate
And I do desire my loving friends and my cousin Jonathan COOTH and my cousin John John WHETCOMBE Junior and Mt Stroud BILSE and Mr Lionell PYNE to assist my wife with their advice if need be as they hope in God may be real friends unto them in the like.
Whereunto I have set my hand and seal the 18th day of August 1666 Josias COOTH - signed sealed published and declared in the presence of Lionell Hand junior George Gaylard William Mere the mark of Maglan Bune the mark of Mary Jeanes ---
Probate granted 20 Oct 1666, PCC Name of Register: Mico Quire Numbers: 139 - 184; PROB Ref 11/322 The parish registers for Sherbone show that Josias COOTH Gentleman was buried there on 16th Oct 1666.
[SDH] In 1625 he had a share in 5 loads exported and 14 imported from Weymouth in 1625 page 35
[MRD] pages 401; 402; 415; 424; 427; 652
RICHARD COOTH of Ensom (Edmondsham?), Somerset. There was a John Cooth of Dorchester, Will 1634. A Richard Cooth, gentleman, of Sherborne, Dorset, mentioned in 1635.
[Entry 94 in listing] FRANCIS CROSSING of Exeter, Devon. B.c. 1597 or 1601. Son of Hugh Crossing, Mayor of Exeter. Married Elizabeth, dau. of Matthew Pitt of Crickett Malherbe qv [No 42] . of Balliol College, Oxford. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Will proved 1639 (PCC 101 Harvey). M.P. for St. Michael and for Camelford.
[Entry 91 in listing] [DV2] He is not listed in the visitation but we know from OXA that he was the son og Hugh Crossing mayorof Exeter 1620 so the following is relevent. Grandson of Thomas Crossing; son of Hugh Crossing Mayor of Exeter (date of visitation 1620) & Joane daughter of John Barret of Barnstable. Brother of Thomas Crossing born Exeter 1597. [DV Page 342]
[OXA] CROSSING, Francis (Crossen) of Devon arm Balliol College Oxford matriculated 11 May 1615 aged 16; of Exeter (son of Hugh Crossing Mayor of Exeter) MP St Michael 1626; Camelford 1628-9; His will proved 15 June 1639. EDMUND DASHWOOD - [Clothier] Son of John Dashwood, bp at West Stafford 6 July 1588. Married Thomasine daughter of John Henning Esq, of Poxwell. Died 5 idus Feb.1666 aet 78 (Tomb) [Source Rev RG Bartelot] , bur 14 Feb. 1666, Trinity Church, Dorchester.
[Entry 8 in listing] Edmond [Edmund] DASHWOOD (1588-1643) (1) Baptised 6th July 1588, the son of John Dashwood of West Stafford Dorset(2), a mercer by trade; a puritan sympathiser and friend of the Rev John White. David Underdown places him in Dorchester as early as 1599(7). He married Thomasine the daughter of John HENNING Esq of Poxwell by his wife Dorothy Wareham. John Henning was High Sherrif of Dorset in 1610(9). Edmund is recorded as a witness on Charters in Dorchester in 1611 and was elected a Capital Burgess on 29th Sep1620 (3) also serving as Bailiff of Dorchester in 1619/20; 1625; 1633; 1636; 1639;1641(5). The Charter signed by Charles I on 22nd September 1629 names him as one of the first Aldermen of the City. He was also appointed Mayor of Dorchester on 1st October 1632(2b) and became an active supporter of John Whites schemes for example contributing towards the cost of the Hospital. The family traded with France as apart from being a mercer his son Francis Dashwood followed his fathers trade and married a french woman in Caen on 27th July 1634 (although William Whiteway does not record her name). A Thomas Dashwood recorded as landing at Rye from France and being on his way to Dorchester in 1636(6) is likely to be another of his sons involved in the family business. His name appears on the petty customs records for the port of Weymouth in 1637 as does that of his father. Edmund himself was named by John White as one of the original 119 investors in the Dorchester Company (formed in 1624) and cited with others in the court case which came to trial in 1636(2) According to David Underdown (page 221 Fire from Heaven) he died in 1643 .(8)
Edward DASHWOOD (d1666/7)
Probably a third (and possibly eldest) son of Edmond Dashwood above. He was elected Constable of Dorchester 6th Oct 1623 and reconfirmed in the post for another term on 4th Oct 1624(4). A clothier by trade he was also named in Charles I's Charter of 1629 as one of the first 24 members of the Common council of Freemen of Dorchester. Business prospered with him taking on an apprentice in 1631 and being elected as one of the feoffees of All Saints in 1633, the year he was elected Governor of the Company of Freemen. He also acted as Assistant to the Governor in 1629-30 and 1634-5. With this background it is understandable that when Sir Francis Ashley died he replaced him as a Capital Burgess of Dorchester (on 4th May 1636) . He was an ensign in the parliamentary forces of the borough in 1643 and held the tenure of a property on the north side of High East street in 1646 when Richard Bury acquired the tenure of the property next to him. The following year he married Joane HYATT in West Stafford on 3rd Feb 1647/8(7). He was elected Bailiff of Dorchester 1649/50; 1651/2 and 1658/9(5) and first became its Mayor when the incumbent John Allambridge died in 1642. He was returned the following year and twice more in 1653 and 1662. He was buried at Holy Trinity church Dorchester on 14th February 1666/7 and his will proved 20th May 1667. From the way his will is written his daughter Sara Somers nee Dashwood may have been from an earlier marriage. His wife Joane was buried at Holy Trinity on 24th March 1675/6 and her will proved 10 May 1676. See also Memorials for HT Church. Genealogical Notes:- There is much confusion between father and son, even by established biographers, so I have set out the facts as I understand them above.
(1) WW page 175 and FFH page 221
(2). RT page 449 & Court case page 102 (2b) Rose Troup gives a quote to Edmund being 'thrice Mayor of Dorchester'. If he was the other times pre dated the start of records in 1629. Edward was certainly Mayor 3 times.
(3). WW page 30 + He was a signatory as a capital burgess to the constitution of the Company of Freemen dated 22nd Oct 1621 + Visitation to Dorset 9th August 1623 confirms him to already be a burgess.
(4). WW pages 54 & 65
(5). HACD Pages 350 - 354
(6). Source British History On line 'The corporation of Rye: 1631-40', The Manuscripts of Rye and Hereford Corporations, etc.: Thirteenth report, Appendix Part IV (1892), pp. 194-213. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=67151&strquery=davidge
(7). A CLDS record suggests that Joane Hyatt was the widow of Russell Hyatt and if true it is possible that this was also Edwards 2nd marriage as there is an apprenticeship record in Dorchester for 1634 for an Edward the son of Edward Dashwood merchant being apprenticed for 7 years to his father.
(8). FFH page 42 (Dorchester 1599) Death page 221 & 250
(9). John Hennings ancestry see Burke's Family Records pages 306-313 Thomazin 6th child page 307
(10). SDH Cargoes going through Weymouth: Francis Dashwood 11 Jan 1633 ship 'James' 11/- duty paid; 17th Jan 1633 ship Francis 3s duty paid; 19th Feb 1633 ship' Sarath' 6s duty paid; Thomas Dashwood 8 Oct 1637 ship 'Nonsuch' & 18 Nov 1637 ship 'Francis' paid £6 duty; Edmund Dashwood 7 Oct 1637 ship 'Little John' £1.4s duty paid JOHN DAVY of Crediton. Son of John Davy od Sandford Crediton. d. 13 Oct 1654 Will (P.C.C. 101 Aylett) pro. 7 Aug 1655 Created Baronet 9 Sep 1641
[Entry 101 in listing] of Crediton, Devon, (8 m. NW of Exeter). Son of John Davie and Margaret Southcott. Married (1) Julyan Strode, dau. of Sir William Strode and Elizabeth Courtney, (2) Isabel Hele. Margaret Southcott was a cousin of Capt. Richard Southcott who came in 1630. (Ref: Search Series Vol. 11, p. 34).
His son Humphrey Davie came to Boston, MA. Humphrey married Elizabeth White, dau. of Edmund White, whose nephew was a supporter of Rev. John White. John Davie's dau. Isabel married Walter Yonge, son of Walter Yonge and Jane Perriam. g ANTHONY DERBY living in France. Son of William Derby of Dorchester.
[Entry 111 in listing] [MR] It took a lot of research before I realised that, with the greatest respect to Rose Troup, she has the family relationships wrong. William Derby of Dorchester did not marry until 1615 and there is no evidence that he had a child called Anthony (or Paul) and even if he did they would be too young to be legal investors in the company. Anthony and John DERBY are in fact both younger brothers of William DERBY. His sister Frances DERBY married William TUCKER and they also invested in the Dorchester Company along with William and their widowed mother Joane DERBY. Link to Anthony DERBY 6th child of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). JOHANE DERBY - Widow of Beaminster, Dorset. [Mother of William Derby town Clerk of Dorchester] [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] . Will 9 Aug. 1636 (PCC 62 Pile).
[Entry 76 in listing] [MR] See separate Biography for her son William DERBY (1588-1649) which gives information on his children and parentage. William DERBY was the second of ten children of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). By 1624 Joane was a widow and obviously invested in the company at the behest of her children William, Henry, Anthony and Paul were all mercers of Dorchester and France. PAWLE [PAUL] DERBY [Merchant] living in France. Son of William Derby of Dorchester. Living 18 May 1653 [Source Rev. RG Bartelot]
[Entry 110 in listing] [MR] It took a lot of research before I realised that, with the greatest respect to Rose Troup, she has the family relationships wrong. William Derby of Dorchester did not marry until 1615 and there is no evidence that he had a child called Paul (or Anthony) and even if he did they would be too young to be legal investors in the company. Anthony and John DERBY are in fact both younger brothers of William DERBY. His sister Frances DERBY married William TUCKER and they also invested in the Dorchester Company along with William and their widowed mother Joane DERBY. Link to Paul DERBY 8th child of Henry DERBY (d.1620/1 ) and Joane ATWOOD (d.1637). WILLIAM DERBY [ Mercer] born at Beaminster c.1588, Married Mary dau. of Joseph Bradstocke of Witchampton 19 April 1615 [Source Dorset Visitation]. Bur (Trinity) 1649 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Town Clerk of Dorchester 1629-1648.[Source Rev RG Bartelot] Under Sherriff of Dorset 1649 [Father of Joseph [also Town Clerk] , Matthew, Paul, and Anthony [see numbers 110,111] [Source Rev RG Bartelot] [New England Planters Parliament] .
[Entry 15 in listing]
[MR] Note: See Separate Biography on this site William DERBY (1588-1649)
BENJAMIN DEVENISH - [Tailor] Son of Robert Devenish of Bradford Peverel. Bp. 20 Sept. 1574, Bur. [Trinity] 12 Sept. 1643; Will 8 Aug 1643. [His son was Rev. Benjamin Devenish of Corfe castle ] [Source Rev RG Bartelot] [Entry 18 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Benjamin Devenish (1574-1643) THOMAS DEVENISH - [Keeper of Dorchester Goal] born. c1589. [Entry 16 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Thomas Devenish (1589- after 1638) GEORGE DIER - Living in New England. Weaver of Dorchester in 1621. sailed in the Mary & John.
[Entry 114 in listing] George DIER [DYER] (1579-1672) As can be seen Rose Troup in her biography of Rev John White states that George Dier was a weaver by trade and one of those that sailed on the 'Mary & John' on 24th March 1630 and was therefore living in New England when he drew up the list of Investors in 1636. It is clear from the Municipal Records of Dorchester that George Dier was elected a Freeman of Doirchester on 28th Nov 1621 and it is this record that states he was a weaver by trade.
Link to an account of his life by Ann Weiner
B. 1579, d. 1672. Married Elizabeth (Abigail?).
Sources:- RT: George Dier Page 459 'Mary & John' pages 197-203 and 214- FFH:Pagese 133 & 137 CHRISTOPHER ERLE, Esq. [Barrister] b.c.1590, d. 29 Mar. 1634. Bur. Temple Church 4 April 1634. Second son of Thomas Erle by Dorothy dau. of Sir William Pole of Shute [brother of Sir Walter Erle].
[Entry 36 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Christopher ERLE(1590-1634) SIR WALTER ERLE, [Knight] of Charborough. Elder son of Thomas Earle and Dorothy sister Sir William Poole, b. 1586 Bur. 1 Sept. 1665. Knighted 4 May 1616 M.P. for Poole, Lyme Regis, and for Weymouth. Of Queens College, Oxford. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Governor of the New England Plantation.
[ Entry 52 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Sir Walter ERLE(1586-1665) EDWARD FRENCHAM - [Clerk] b. c.1570, Of Magdalen College, Oxford from Sussex. [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 18 June 1628. Rector of Compton Valence, 1604-1628,
[Entry 37 in listing] [OXA] FRENCHAM, Edward of Sussex Cler.fil. Magdelen College Oxford matriculated 2 Jul 1585 aged 15; BA from Magdelen hall 24 Feb 1589/90; MA 3 Jul 1592; Rector of Compton valence Dorset 1604
[WW] Diary This spring died 1628:- Mr Frenchman preacher died 18 June 1628 WILLIAM FRY Esq. of Yarty, [Gentleman] b. c.1590 Mar Mary dau of John Yonge of Colyton. Bur 1 May 1672.
[Entry 98 in listing] [DV2] Grandson of William Fry of Yerty in Devon & Joan daughter & heir of Robert Newbury of Stockland in Dorset; [Note now part of Devon] Son of Nicholas Fry of Yerty son & heir (alive 1620) and Ellinor daughter of John Brett of Whitstanton Somerset; born c1590; married Mary daughter of John Younge of Colliton Esq approx 1610; children William 1611 son & heir; Mary 1612; John 1614; Nicholas 1617; Henry 1619.
[OXA] Page 537 William FRY of Devon arm, fil. nat. max Sr Alban Hall Oxford matriculated 3 May 1605 aged 17 student of the inner temple 1609 as of Yarty, Devon son of Nicholas; buried at Membury 1 May 1672 See Fosters Inns of Court Register
[RT] Page 263 "William Fry in Membury Devon who had received the advowson as part of his wife's dower on his marriage with Mary, the daughter of John Yonge of Colyton and sister of Walter Yonge.
[WW] Page 149 1st August 1634 Young Mr Fry of Culliton coming from Exon with his man between them killed a man at Vinneton bridge. For which his man was burnt in the hand, and Mr Fry had a pardon.
[MAP] Link to Map 1765 for Stockland / Membury then part of Dorset
[GEN/UK Link to Info on his father Nicholas Fry & Elinor Brett
[CLDS] Church member entry only [suspect] but suggests his grandfather William FRY of Yarty was born c1564? Witheridge Devon - also refers to his will as being dated 12 Mar 1607 but not at National Archives PCC
JOHN GALTON of Lulworth.[Clerk] Sir John Galton of Bere Regis [Source Rev RG Bartelot] B.c.1580. Of University College Oxford, from Dorset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 1662 Chaplain of New College; Vicar of East Lulworth inst 1609. Vicar of Combe Keyes 1611.
[Entry 74 in listing]
Extract from East Lulworth burial register for Rev John Galton (link to transcription)
Rev. John GALTON MA (1578/9-1662) : Following professional research carried out for Mark Lindley-Highfield of Ballumbie Castle it has been possible to establish a four generation family tree placing Rev John GALTON as the eldest son of Hubert GALTON and grandson of John & Christian GALTON both of Winterborne Kingston in Dorset.
The Rev John GALTON matriculated at University College in Oxford on 7th April 1598 when his age was given as being 18 (Note:- Obituary states born 20 Feb 1578/9 ). He was awarded a B.A. Degree on 24th Nov 1601 and an M.A. on 31st Jan 1605/6. He joined the church and as stated in his university record was Chaplain of New College and Vicar of East Lulworth in Dorset in 1610. Few church of England records have survived about him but the Faculty office has recorded that he was granted dispensation as a 'preacher of God's word' on 27th April 1611 and became vicar of 'Comkaines in the Bristol diocese' [i.e. Coombe Keynes] on 29th April 1611. It also states that he was Chaplain to Gracie Viscountess Dowager de Bindon. The research referred to above provides transcription of a number of Wills including his fathers, and extracts from Protestation Returns signed by Rev John GALTON in 1641 for both East Lulworth and Coombe Keynes. His son Edward took over as Vicar of Coombe Keynes on 25th May 1642.
John Galton's father Hubert GALTON appears to have married several times, with Rev. John Galton being his eldest son from his first marriage. By the time his father wrote his will on 11th Feb 1618/19 John had already come of age some seventeen years earlier, chosen a career in the church, been appointed vicar of both East Lulworth & Coombe Keynes (inc the Chapel of ease at Wool) and was married with his own children. The only other known child from this marriage was Theophilia Galton who was born before 1587. His sister Theophilia was also probably settled by then and was left £20 in their fathers Will, and John appointed as one of the Overseers.
His father's Will appointed Hubbert Galton (1604-1674) as his executor who was the eldest son from his second marriage. This marriage is recorded in the parish registers for Winterborne Kingston naming Hubert's second wife as Joane Bucker? and took place on the 27th June 1602. (Note:- Surname probably Baker? as this family is of long standing in the parish - See PR Winterborne Kingston - image 32 of 117 ancestry.com). Their first child was Agnes baptised at Winterborne Kingston on 1st Apr 1603 followed by Hubert junior on 2nd July 1604, and Raynold on 2nd Apr 1606. A fourth child Richard for which I have not located a baptism.
Hubert Galton junior however was still under age when his father was buried at Winterborne Kingston on 5th Sep 1619 and this complication meant that probate was not granted until June 1620. Administration of their father's estate is finally granted to John GALTON of East Lulworth and bound with him is Thomas Strangewaies Lord of the Manor of Muston (within the Parish of Winterborne Kingston) . This letter of administration is also endorsed :- " Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of us by the above bound John GALTON Clerk and John Wallis Signatures Francis Hill and Robert ? .
Rev. John GALTON MA (1578/9-1662) His wife was named Rachel (bur.1620) and we only know of her from the burial register at East Lulworth which states "1620: Rachel GALTON the wife of John GALTON Clerke was buried April xijth [12th] ". As stated by Frances Rose Troup opposite. Rev John Galton died in 1662 but I have not been able to locate a Will or Letter of Administration for his estate. An obituary however appears in the burial register for East Lulworth (image 31 of 97 on ancestry.com) which is written in Latin and shown in the column left. This has been transcribed by the Dorset Council Archive Service below:-
"John Galton, Master of Arts and onetime chaplain at the college of the Blessed Virgin (commonly called New College) Oxford. A man of integrity who lead an exemplary life. Minister at the church of East Lulworth for fifty-three years and for above thirty years the chaplain of Combe Keynes and Wool. Born 20 February 1578 (presumably 1579 as date calculated using 25 March as New Year’s Day) died 23 May 1662. Buried in the chancel of the parish church 3 July [presumably 1662]".
His replacement at East Lulworth Rev. Charles Cherry was appointed on 20th Aug 1662. They had 4 children that we know of:-
(1) John Galton (c1608-1645) buried East Lulworth 21 Apr 1645 recorded as "John son of John Galton vicar of East Lulworth" ;
(2) Samuel Galton (c1610-1668) He married at East Lulworth on 25th Oct 1630 to Magdalen Veale and they have had 2 children baptised within the parish before his 1st wife Magdalen was buried there on 26th Mar 1641. Children:- (1) Thomas bap 24/2/1636/7 (married Elizabeth Bennett 8 Nov 1670 E/L). and (2) Samuel bap 13 Dec 1640 .
As the children were still young Samuel immediately remarried to Margery [Margaret] Arnell at East Lulworth on 9th November 1641 by whom he had 2 more children:- (3) Robert bap 25 July 1642 and (4) Edward bap 25th Oct 1645 (married Eadeth Dunying 13 Jan 1680 E/L) and buried at East Lulworth 25th Nov 1724. Margaret described as the wife of Samuel Galton was buried there on 7th May 1666. Samuel Galton died intestate and was buried at East Lulworth in Oct 1668. A letter of administration for his estate was granted on 2nd Nov 1668.
(3) Francis Galton (1612-1624) baptism recorded in the Wool Parish Register (Image 7 of 186) recorded as "Francis Gallton sone of John Gallton Clerke and vicar of Coombe Keynes and Wool was baptised the xxith [21st] of June 1612 . buried East Lulworth 4th Dec 1624) ;
(4) Rev. Edward Galton MA (1614-1680) [Elder] bap Wool/Coombe Keynes 25th Jan 1614.recorded as" Edward son of John Galton vicar of Coombe Keynes & Wool". Edward's university record states that he was the son of John of East Lulworth in Dorset sacerd. Entered Queens College Oxford (subs) 4th July 1634, aged 18 (his real age however was 20) He was awarded a BA degree 4th July 1637; and an MA from Magdalen Hall on 25th June 1640.
The parish burial registers for Winfrith Newburgh record under the year 1640 " Jone the wife of Edward Galton was buried ye 25th Dec. Edward Gaulton's name also appears on the Protestation returns for the parish of Winfrith in 1641. On the 5th May 1642 Edward Galton married his second wife recorded in the Parish Register of Wool in the year 1642: - " Edward GALTON Clerke Vicar of Coombe Keynes and Wool & Elizabeth Clavell of Winfrith Newburgh were married in Wool May 5th 1642 (Image 44 of 186 ancestry.com).Edward formally took over as vicar of Coombe Keynes from his father on 23rd May 1642 serving there until Charles Cherry was appointed on 25th June 1672. His 2nd wife Elizabeth was buried at Wool in Dorset recorded in the burial register as " Mrs. Elizabeth GALTON (eldest daughter of Edward Clavell of Winfrith Newburgh Gent: & Mrs Bridget Turberville his wife ) ye wife of Edward GALTON, Master of Arts & Vicar of Combe Keynes & Wool dyed April 11 & was buryed at Coombe Keynes in ye Chancell under ye Shroud Stone on which we Communion table stands April 13th 1654.
Both Edward's University Record and documents held on the "Clergy of the Church of England" database for Edward Galton show that he was:-
Rector of Holy Trinity Wareham 16th Oct 1661 until 23 July 1663. and
Rector of Wilby Nothants 31 Dec 1662 until 20th July 1663; and
Rector of Lower Isham 19th Dec 1665 until 16 June 1680.
I have not pursued this but there is a Will at the PCC PROB 11/333 for a Sarah GALTON the wife of Edward GALTON Rector of Wilby in the County of Northampton written on 16th May 1670 and proved on 20th June 1670. Wilby Parish Register (image 14/282) states that Mrs Sarah GALTON wife of Mr Edward GALTON Clerke and Rector of Wilby was buried May 30th 1670. This Register is signed by Edwardus GALTON Rector . No records however have been entered for the parish of Wilby on CCeD. (Sep 2022)
The Rev. Edward GALTON wrote his will on 19th Dec 1679 in which he refers to himself as Edward GALTON the Elder of Wilby in the County of Northton [i.e. Northampton] Clerke. In the Will he refers to Articles of Agreement [i.e. a Marriage Settlement] entered into on 19th Jan 1671 between himself and Samuel Ragdale of Wilby of the first part and his now wife Judith GALTON (by ye name of Judith LEWIS of the towne of Northton in ye county aforesaid widow) of the second part etc etc. I take this to mean that he remarried c1671 to Judith Lewis widow nee Ragdale. Probate of hs Will was granted at Wilby on 22nd July 1680.
Children of Edward and Elizabeth Galton nee Clavell:-
(4.1) John Galton (1642 - 1643) Entry in the Wool Parish Register (image 67/186 ancestry.com). States:-" John GALTON the sone of Edward GALTON Vic: of Coombe Keynes & Wool of Elizabeth his Wife (being born at Winfrith Newburgh & baptised there Jan 11th the D.M. 1642) dyed at Wool & was buryed in the Chancel there November 21 Ano Domini 1643. [Note:- Holy Rood church at Wool was a parochial 'chapel of ease' belonging to Coombe Keynes until 1844]
(4.2) John Galton (1644- aft 1663) his baptism appears on ancestry.com under the parish of Wool (image 17 of 186) It states " Edward GALTON sone of Edward GALTON Vicar of Combe Keynes & Wool & Elizabeth his wife was born on Sunday November at about 4 or 5 o'clock in ye afternoon & was baptised at Combe Keynes November 16th". He matriculated at Wadham College Oxford on 22nd May 1663 aged 18.
(4.3) Edward Galton (1647-1702) [Senior] "Edward sone of Edward Galton Vicar of Combe Keynes & Wool & Elizabeth his wife was borne on Tuesday November 2nd about 4 or 5 o'clock in ye afternoon & was baptised Combe Keynes November 16th 1647. Benificiary and full and sole executor under his fathers will in 1679/80. He appears to have married as the parish registers for Wilby under the year 1680 refer to "Edward son of Edward Galton and Joyce his wife was baptised" but does not give a date. Mr Edward Galton Senior was buried at Great Doddington on 28 Oct 1702. His widow Joyce was also buried at Doddington on 21 Oct 1737.
(4.4) William Galton (1650- aft 1680) "William the sone of Edward Galton Clerk & Vicar of Combe Keynes & Elizabeth his wife was duly born July 16 about 12 o'clock at night & was baptised August 6th". Benificiary under his fathers will in 1679/80.
JOHN GEERING - [Grocer]. Son of Simon Gearing of Lechlade, Glouchester [? by Anne Bradshawe] . Married (1) Phebe dau. of John Reeve, Goldsmith, London, (2) Rebecca dau. of Roger Oldfield and sister of Sarah, wife of Jose Glover, and Joseph Oldfield of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Citizen and member of the East India Company.
[Entry 120 in listing] WILLIAM GOLSNEY [GOLSEY] of Holnest . B.c.1590. Under Sheriff of Dorset 1630. [Source Rev. RG.Bartelot]
[Entry 83 in listing]
William GOLSEY (Senior) (d.1607/8), Gentleman of Dorchester, was born at Winterbourne St Martin in Dorset but buried at St Peters church in Dorchester between 15th Nov 1607 (when he wrote his will ) and 8th Feb 1608 when it was proved at the PCC. He clearly became an important member of the Corporation in Dorchester as evidenced by a deed relating to a plot of land commonly known as 'East Walls Town Land' which survives in the Municipal Records of Dorchester. This is dated the 13th November in the 39th year of the reign of Elizabeth I (1596) and refers to a plot on the east side of South Street and provides for John Watts and William GOLSEY who in order to repay a debt of £150 to Mathew CHUBB the richest man in Dorchester (who often financed the towns development) enclosed, divided and sold off strips of this arable land to five individuals, retaining some portion for themselves.
His Will suggests that he was only survived by his widow Anne and a young son also called William GOLSEY, whose education and religious instruction was committed under the will to Robert CHEEKE the Master of the Free School in Dorchester (where he served until 1627). Robert Cheeke was a great puritan, friend and supporter of Rev John White and one of the main architects behind the formation of the Dorchester Company so its not suprising to find one of his earlier students investing in the company. William Golsney the son, after instruction by Robert Cheek, went onto Brasenose College in Oxford where he matriculated in 1616 and was awarded a BA degree in 1620. The entry on the left gives RG Bartelot as the source. He was a great historian and genealogist and his extensive records are at the Dorset History centre to which I do not have access. He attributes him to Holnest a small parish 5 miles south east of Sherborne. Certainly there was a family there by that name in the 1640's but it would be necessary to consult his notes at the DHC for more background. He was one of 4 witnesses in Dorchester to an indenture dated 22nd July 1625 (See Charter 712). According to William Whiteways diary William GOLSNEY was appointed undersheriff for the year at least twice. Firstly on 4th Oct 1624 and secondly on 4th Oct 1627. The Undersherrif for Dorset appointed for the year on 6 Oct 1629 was Robert Goldsborough & on 4 Oct 1630 Henry Arnold Junior so the reference to 1630 does not seem to be correct.
Sources:- HACD; MRD; OXA; PCC Wills PROB 11/111; WW
EDWARD GOULD of Staverton, Devon. D. 26 Mar. 1628. Son of Edward Gould and Elizabeth Man, brother of William Gould, Henry Gould, nephew of John Gould of Dorchester. Will dated 5 Mar. 1627/8, proved 16 May 1628 (PCC 37 Barrington).
[Entry 90 in listing] [DV2] Grandson of John GOULD of Staverton Devon; Son of Edward Gould of Staverton son & heir & Elizabeth daughter of William Man in Devon; brother to Nicholas & James merchants living (1620) in France; and Henry living Exeter. Married Julian daughter of Zachariah Iriah of Chidleigh Devon; Children - Edward 1610; Elizabeth 1611; William 1614; Zachary 1616.
[WW] Diary November 1628 The end of this year there died -- Mr Edward Gould of Coombe Devon [no actual date given]
[PRO] Will of Mr Edward Gould Yeoman of Staverton Devon Probate 16th May 1628 : Perogative Court of Camterbury, Name of Register: Barrington Quire Numbers: 1 - 63: Ref PRO 11/153
HENRY GOULD of Floyershayes by Exeter. d. 4 Sept. 1636. Son of Edward Gould and Elizabeth Man, brother of William Gould, nephew of John Gould of Dorchester. Married Ann Wills, dau. of Zachary Wills of Exeter. Will proved 31 Dec. 1636 (PCC 119 Pile).
[Entry 89 in listing] [DV2] Henry GOULD of Exeter; Brother of Edward Gould of Staverton (see above for parentage). Married Ann daughter of daughter of Zachary Wills of Exeter; children Elizabeth daughter & heir (1620)
[PRO] Will of Henry Gould, Merchant of Saint Thomas the Apostle, Devon: Probate 31 Dec 1636: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Pile Quire Numbers: 90 - 123: PROB Ref 11/172 JAMES GOULD - [Clothier]. Son of John Gould of Dorchester, bpt. St. Peters Church, Dorchester 21 July 1593. Married Margery dau. of George Savage Esq. of Bloxworth, 1624. [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Bur. St. Peters Church 15 Feb. 1675/6, . Will 29 Oct. 1675. [ Nephew of wife of William Whiteway and father of James Gould M.P. and grandfather of the Countess of Abingdon [ Source Rev RG Bartelot] [William Whiteways diary f 70 says he was 30 in 1624] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 14 in listing] James GOULD [GOOLD] (1593-1676) MP He was the grandson of John GOULD (d1606) of Staverton listed in the Devon Visitation held in 1620, and son of John GOULD (-1630) of Dorchester by Joan the widow of John ROY in Dorset. His elder sister Joane GOULD (1588-1620) married the wealthy woolen draper Dennis Bond (1588-1648) also an MP who became Mayor of Dorchester in 1635 and was another investor in the Dorchester Company. His elder brother John GOULD the Younger (1589-1643) was heir to his fathers estate . James GOULD was baptised in St Peters Church Dorchester on 21st July 1593 (Source RG Bartelot) and had a younger sister Frances GOULD who married John Hackwill [Hackwell or Harkwell] of Exeter. James was also the nephew of Thomazine GOULD (d1613) the wife of William WHITEWAY (1532-1614) of Denburie in Devon whose grandson William WHITEWAY (1599-1635) was the famous diarist. Both the diarist and his father William WHITEWAY (1570-1639) also invested in the Dorchester Company.
James Gould a clothier by trade was elected to serve as assistant governor of the Company of Freemen in Dorchester on 30 Oct 1622, Capital Burgess of the town on 12th Jan 1623/4 and Alderman on 26 Dec 1623. When they formed the 'New England Parliament' on 24 Mar 1624 he and William Whiteway the diarist were two of the 12 members elected to sit on the committee. He married Margery the daughter of George SAVAGE Esq in her home parish of Bloxworth on 28 Apr 1624. There was a dowry of £500 and he brought her to Dorchester to live the following day. In July she was godmother to William Whiteway the diarist's daughter Margery who was named after her. On 12th March 1627 he and hios cousin William Whiteway rode to Londonto join with the merchants of Exeter in petioning the King and the Council that they might "have as much French goods delivered us as we had arrested in France". James & Margery had six sons and 2 daughters who would have been baptised at St Peters church where parish registers have not survived prior to 1653. - His son and heir was James GOULD (1624-1707):- See below
On the 1st Oct 1627 James was first elected Bailiff of Dorchester. He was to serve in that capacity again during 1631/2 and 1635/6. On 24th February 1627/8 he became godfather to the diarist's son John Whiteway. By a new Charter issued to Dorchester by Charles I on 22 Dec 1630 he was listed as one of the Capital Burgess of the town. On the 30th December 1633 he was one of the 3 main traders to suffer substantial losses when the 'Mary of Morlaix' which was laden with '120 fardles of derbys' destined for Dorchester ran aground and broke up on Portland beach.
In 1636 he was elected Treasurer of Dorset's Western Division, a task he does not seem to have been very diligent at, as the court had to order production of the accounts by mid summer 1637. It did him no harm however as he was elected Mayor of Dorchester that year. He owned property on the east side of South Street in St Peters Parish - see indenture, 10th June, 13 Charles [1637]; Link to Charter 687 living there 19 Feb 1640. A benefactor of the town he was a Royalist during the Civil War and because of these sympathies he was removed as a Capital Burgess of the town on 24th Aug 1654 when he was replaced by Philip Stansby. At times he lived in France but he came back into favour and first sat for Parliament for Dorchester in Richard Cromwell's Parliament in 1659 but was narrowly defeated by John Whiteway in the general election of 1660 but was formally reinstated as a Capital Burgess on 8th Feb 1660/1 and successful in the election in 1661 at the age of 67 but was not an active member of the Cavalier Parliament. He was named on 18 committees, including three concerned with the woollen industry in 1661-2, those considering bills to prevent the import of wool-cards to regulate the Yorkshire cloth trade and to prohibit the export of raw wool. He probably supported the county party, but after the 1668 session his name disappears from the journals. He was clearly by this time a great man of wealth; rumour put his income AT £10,000 a year. In August 1675 he was dismissed as very aged and sick and he was buried at St Peters Church in Dorchester on 15th Feb 1675/6 and his will proved on 10 May 1676.
James GOULD (1624-1707) The History of Parliament States 'He was elected an Alderman of Dorchester in 1676, and became its Mayor 1677-78 and a second time 1696/97. He was Sheriff of Dorset 1687-88 and Freeman of Poole in 1689. The Gould's had a strong local interest in Dorchester, and James followed his father as Member for the Borough but took little part in proceedings in the House. Returned for Dorchester again in 1690 he was classed as a Whig by Lord Carmarthen (Sir Thomas Osborne) in a list of the new Parliament. His activities in this session cannot be distinguished from those of his cousin Nicholas and in any case both were inactive Members. He was listed by Carmarthen in December 1690 as a probable supporter in case of an attack against him in the Commons by Robert Harley as a Country supporter in April 1691, and by Grascombe as a placeman in 1693. The death of his cousin in 1691 allows him to be more easily identified in the Journals. He did not stand after 1695, and was buried at St Peters Dorchester 11th Aug 1707. His only daughter married first Charles Churchill brother of the Duke of Marlborough (John Churchill) and secondly the 2nd Earl of Abingdon (Montague Venables-Bertie) (4) Sources:- (1) HACD John Hutchins (2) MRD (3) History of Parliament The House of Commons 1690-1715 Cambridge Press (4) DV2 page 132 (5) WW 13 ref to him page 56 says aged 30 in 1624, incs pedigree of William Whiteway page 170/1 (6) OPC Marriage 1624 (7) PRO John Gould of Satverton Devon proved 28 Mar 1606 Ref 11/107; John Gould of Dorchester Merchant proved 10 Nov 1630 Ref 11/158. James GOULD of Dorchester proved 10 May 1676 Ref 11/350 (8) QS (9) HD (10) SDH (11) FFH) JOHAN [Joanna; Joane] GOULD, WIDOW - b. 1549, dau. of Leddoze of Wyke Regis. Widow of James Gould of Fordington [Source Rev RG Bartelot] d. 9 Dec. 1630. [Source Whiteways diary] Will proved 22 Dec. 1630 (PCC 109 Scrope). Cousin of William Whiteway the diarist. Left generous bequests to poor etc of Dorchester.
[Entry 39 in listing] [WW] GOULD, Joan (1549-1630) Widow of James Gould of Fordington , who was probably the "old cousin" who died at Bath in 1613. A wealthy woman, owning property in Dorchester and Fordington . Godmother to diarist's son William 1622, and also to his daughter Mary. Benefactress of Dorchester and neighbouring places; also of John White.
[PRO] Will of Joane Gould, Widow of Dorchester, Dorset: Probate granted 22 Dec 1630: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Scroope Quire Numbers: 64 - 117: PROB Ref 11/158 WILLIAM GOULD of Hayes near Exeter, Devon. son of Edward Gould of 'Staverton and nephew John Gould of Dorchester. d.23 Mar 1635 Will (P.C.C. 99 Goare) pro 1637
[Entry 88 in listing] [DV2] William GOULD of Hayes near Exeter; grandson of John Gould of Staverton Devon; son & heir to Edward Gould of Staverton & Elizabeth daughter of William Man; married Alice daughter of Robert Taylor of Pinhoe Devon; Children - Edward son & heir 1606; Mary 1607; Elizabeth 1610; William & Grace 1615; John 1616; Janes 1619.
[PRO] Will of Henry Gould, Merchant of Saint Thomas the Apostle, Devon: Probate granted 31 Dec 1636: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Pile Quire Numbers: 90 - 123: PROB Ref 11/172
[WW] GOULD, William (d 1635) Merchant of Hayes near Exeter. son of Edward. Married Alice Taylor and had a daughter Elizabeth. Investor in the Dorchester Company. GILES GREEN - [Gentleman] of Afflington in Corfe Castle and of Motcombe Married Elizabeth dau ....Hill of Poundsford Park somerset. Bu. 5 Jan. 1655/6, St. Benet Fink, London. Will 21 Dec 1655 [Source all above Rev. RG Bartelot] M.P. for Weymouth and Corfe Castle. came to Dorchester 1634 [Source Whiteways diary] Their dau. Dorothy married Walter Yonge.
[Entry 81 in listing] Giles [Gyles] GREEN [GREENE] (d1655/6) He was the son and heir of John Greene a successful merchant of Dorchester and aclose friend of the Rev John White. His father was one of the original 15 Burgesses of the town named by Charles I in the charter signed 26 June 1610. When his father died in 1614 he left John White a gold posy ring and 40 shillings towards the 're-edification of his house' which had just been destroyed in the great fire. Its not suprising therefore to find Giles as an investor in the Dorchester Co. Gile's sister Sarah Green married another succesful merchant in Dorchester called Thomas Davidge who also died in 1614 by which time he left Sarah a widow with 4 children. She re-married to John Hill the Mayor of Dorchester.
Giles lived at Afflington within the parish of Corfe Castle on the Isle of Purbeck and married Elizabeth Hill of Poundsford Park in Somerset. They had a daughter Sarah who married John Bland of London as she named her son Giles Bland after her father (bap St Olave Hart St Ldn. 26 Oct 1647). Giles Green was MP for Weymouth & Melcombe Regis 1621, 1626 and Corfe Castle 1625,1628. The Visitation of Dorset in 1623 however disclaimed him at Dorchester where he is listed as having "usurped the name of Gentleman without authoritie". According to William Whiteway's diary he moved to Dorchester to live 24 Sep 1634 because of his own and his wife's sickliness. He became Receiver of Yorkshire, and from 1645 was a Commissioner of the Navy. However, in December 1648 Green was one of the MPs excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge. His son later became clerk of the New River Company and his daughter, Katherine, married another Dorset MP, Roger Hill, in 1635. He died at Motcombe leaving a Will which was proved on 20 May 1656. A Giles Green was also buried at Melcombe Regis on 20 Aug 1662 which may be his son. Sources:- See Links above + [WW] (pages 32,61,79,95,150,156,177) DV: (pages 2 & 4) [PRO] Will of Giles Greene of Motcombe, Dorset: Probate granted 20 May 1656: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Berkeley Quire Numbers: 1 - 52: PROB Ref 11/252 [RT] (pages 63,456) [MR] (pages 41,581) [IGI extraction programme Giles Bland] D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954): [DV] 1623 Listed page 2 under Weymouth but disclained at Dorchester Page 4 JOHN GUY (Gye) [Clerk] Rector of Bryanston, Dorset. [Preached at the funeral of Sir Robert Meller Sept 1624 [Source Whiteways diary]
[Entry 45 in listing] His dau. Margaret married Robert Pitt of Blandford, son of Thomas Pitt and Priscilla Searle. (Ref: Dorset Visitation 1677, p. 56)
[OXA] GUY, John of Bryanston had a son John Guy (born c.1615) and his son matriculated at Magdelen College 1632 aged 17; BA from Hart Hall 1636; MA 1639; student of the middle temple 1632. [Note could not trace the father] GEORGE HARDY of Compton Abbas, [Gentleman] son of John Hardy bp. 1 Jan 1580/1. Bur. 6 Nov 1654 [Source Rev. RG.Bartelot]
[Entry 59 in listing] [JOS] His dau. Hannah Hardy married Bernard Troup. Stephen Terry, the emigrant, married Jane Hardy in Symondsbury, 13 Mar. 1633, and she was probably the dau. of Nicholas and Agnes Hardye, who were married and,lived in Stratton (3 m. NW of Dorchester). WILLIAM HARVY of Langton Matravers,
[Entry 82 in listing] [JOS] possibly son of Thomas Harvy and Ann Pyne, dau. of John Pyne of Corry Mallet, Somerset. (Ref : -Dorset Visitations, 1623, p. 52) A William Harvey appeared in Taunton, MA in 1639. MORGAN HAYNE living about New Castle, son of Oliver Hayne of Dorchester. Freeman of Dorchester 1621
[Entry 103 in listing] Morgan HAYNE (b.1592) was the grandson of Richard HAYNE (d.1570) a Mercer of Dorchester and son and heir of Oliver HAYNE (1563-1622) of Dorchester by his wife Cicely daughter of William Adyn of Dorchester; Morgan Hayne married Rawlin daughter of Christopher Dabynot of White Stanton in Somerset. Follow link for more information about his family. NATHANIEL HEIGHMORE of Caundle.[Clerk] B.c.1585. Of St Albun's Hall from Southant's gent. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Goathill and Caundle Purse, Dorset 1614 [signed protestation 1641/2]
[Entry 79 in listing] [JOS] (Highmore)Descended from Highmoore's of Harbybrow, Cumberland. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1677, P. 94)
[OXA] HIGHMORE, Nathaniel of Southants Gentleman St Alban Hall matriculated 16 Oct 1601 aged 16; BA from Merton Hall 27 Nov 1604; MA from Queens College 17 Jun 1607; Rector of Goathill Somerset 1614; Rector of Caudle Purse Dorset 1614?.
His son is also listed :- HIGHMORE, Nathaniel (Heighmore) son of Nathaniel Highmore Caudle Purse Dorset sacred. Queens College matriculated 4 Nov 1631 aged 17; scholar Trinity College 1632; BA 6 Feb 1634/35; JOHN HILL - [Ironmonger] 3rd son of Roger Hill, of Poundsford, Pitminster, Somerset. b circa 1589.[Source Dorset Visitations] [New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 9 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. John HILL (1589-1657) JOHN HUMPHREY, [Gentleman] Living in New England ; Son of Michael Humphrey of Chaldon [see entry 28 in listing] Married (1) Isabell dau Brune Williams of Tynan in Isle of Purbeck (2) Elizabeth dau Herbert Pelham of Compton Vallence 1621 (3) Lady Susan Fiennes sister of the earl of Lincoln 1630. Treasurer of Dorchester Company and of London Company. Emigrated with his third wife to New England 1633. Returned to England 1641. d.(probably 1652) Admon. to son John 4 June 1653. [His son Col John Humphry was sword bearer before Judges of Charles I] [ New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 116 in listing] [DV] Entry for 1623 brief: Son and heir of Michael Humphry of Chaldon Doest & Dorothy Bawler. Only shows 2nd marriage to Elizabeth daughter of Herbert Pelham of Compton Dorset with 1 son John born 1622. DV Ref Page 57 & 75
[JOS] Esq. of Chaldon Herring, He married (1) Isabel Williams, dau. of Brune Williams and Elizabeth Churchill, (2) Elizabeth Pelham, 4 Sept. 1621, Salisbury, dau. of Herbert Pelham and Elizabeth West, bpt. 27 Apr. 1604, Hellingle, Sussex. Elizabeth died 1 Nov. 1628. Her Aunt Lettice West married Henry Ludlow cousin of Roger Ludlow. He married (3) Susan Fiennes, dau. of Sir Thomas de Clinton, Earl of Lincoln and Elizabeth Knyvett. Treasurer of Dorchester Company, John became Deputy Governor of Massachussetts. John brought servants, John Legge and John King with him. He returned to England 26 Oct.1641. He died 1661, Chaldon Herring, Dorset. His brothers-in-law were Edward Clarke, who married Ann Pelham, Thomas Pelham, Isaac Johnson who married Arabella Fiennes for whom Gov. Winthope named his ship, and John Gorges (b. 1593), son of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Lord of the Province of Maine, and Anne Bell, who married Frances Fiennes. Robert Gorges, his brother (b. 1595), came to New England in 1623 to take up the government of a patent in Massachusetts Bay, MA. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1623, p. 57, Dorset Visitation 1677, pp. 77,53, History of York Maine, Vol. 1 by Charles Edward Banks)
[WW] HUMFRY, John (1597-c 1652) Son of Michael Humfry of Dorchester. Treasurer of the Dorchester Company. actively engaged in this and other colonizing ventures. Sailed to New England 1634, but returned 1641. His son Colonel John Humfry, was sword bearer before judges of Charles I. MICHAEL HUMPHREY [Gentleman] of Chalden Herring and of Dorchester, Married 2ndly (Bridport) Martha Pride, 4 July 1615. [Source Rev.RG.Bartelot] d. (in London) 3 April 1626. [Source William Whiteways Diary] Administration granted to his son John 24 April 1626. Alderman and magistrate of Dorchester 1625.[Source Rev RG Bartelot] Clerk to Viscount Bindon. Father of John Humphrey, Esq.
[Entry 28 in listing] [DV] Brief tree to prove right to coat of arms Michaell Humphry of Chaldon in Dorset and his [1st] wife Dorothy Bawler; shows son see above. [DV Ref page 57]
[WW] HUMFRY, Michael (d. 1626) Esquire of East Chaldon and Dorchester. alderman of Dorchester 1625. Died while MP for Dorchester. The diarist was elected to sit out his term. MARY HUSSEY, widow - Possibly widow of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick,who had two sons Thomas & Hubert both married before the Visitation of 1623.
[Entry 115 in listing] [DV] Mary Hussey the widow of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick and Tomson in Dorset is in the visitation for Dorset 1623 page 57: If this is a correct identification she was still alive then: Her husband Thomas Hussey was the grandson of Thomas Hussey of Shapwick & his wife Elizabeth Humphry of Baskerville; son of Hubert Humphry of Shapwick & Tomson and his wife Elizabeth Banister. Her husband seems to have died in 1605 his will being proved PCC 11/165 on 7th January 1605. Children of the marriage were Thomas son & heir described as living 1623 who married Elizabeth daughter of James Hannan of Hollwell Somerset; Joseph; George; Hubert & Robert. DV Ref Page 59
[PRO] Will of Mary Hussey, Widow of Shapwick, Dorset: Probate granted 8 May 1629; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Ridley Quire Numbers: 1 - 59: PROB Ref 11/155 HUMPHRY JOLIFFE - [Gentleman] b. 1583. Married Christian dau. of John Fry. Bur. 27 Dec 1653 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] An attorny of Dorchester and Steward of the manors of Sir Edward Laurence 1627-31
[Entry 23 in listing]
[Note:- Many variations in spelling makes research difficult eg Umfrey, Humfry, Humfrey, Humphrerey, Joleff, Joleffe, Jolife, Joileafe, Joliffe, Jolleiffe, Jollyffe, Joliff, Jolliffe, Jolyff, Jolyffe, Joyliffe, Oliffe etc] Humphrey JOLIFFE [1575/6-1653]. The source for the original information shown left and recorded by Rose Troup in her biography of Rev John White is given as being from the genealogist Rev R.G.BARTELOT (1868-1947) the Rector of St Georges Church in Fordington. His research papers were deposited at the Dorset History Center to which I do not have access so it may be possible to get confirmation of his sources at the DHC. My own research brings into question some of the information he provided. He gave Humphrey's birth year as 1583. The Oxford Alumni however refers to a Humphrey Jolliffe from Dorset, a plebeian, who matriculated at Magdalen Hall Oxford on 7th February 1588/9 at the age of 13. Given that he became an attorney of some standing in the community it is likely that he had a university education and there are no other applicable entries at Oxford or Cambridge and the name is unusual so I have used this source to estimate his actual year of birth as 1575/6.
The average age at which men married in Dorchester was around the age of 26 but I cannot locate evidence of Humphrey being in Dorchester prior to the great fire of 1613. In his book Fire from Heaven David Underdown refers to "John Watts, hitherto a prosperous merchant and member of the Corporation was 'much impoverished' by the fire and his house behind South Street, adjoining the Antelope yard or backside was in ruin for 2 years before he eventually sold it to a lawyer named Humphrey JOLIFFE. Jollife claims to have spent the improbable sum of £1000 on rebuilding it." By 1615 Humphrey was clearly a wealthy man and now aged 40 likely to have been married. There is a burial in Holy Trinity Church of an Amy the wife of Humphrey JOILIFFE being buried there on 2nd April 1624, but no direct evidence of children.
RGB (see left) also states that he married 'Christian' the daughter of John FRY but gives no background. There is indeed an entry in the registers for the parish of Cattistock on 11th January 1626 of a Humphrey JOYLIFFE a gentleman from the parish of Dorchester marrying a Christian FFOY [not FRY] and this appears to be the entry that RGB is referring to as Christian is brought to Dorchester and they raise a family of 9 children in Holy Trinity parish between 1628 and 1641. Christian Joliffe a widow was buried at HT Church Dorchester on 30th June 1663. A Letter of Administration for the estate of Christiana JOLYFFE of Dorchester in Dorset was granted to Henry BESTLAND a creditor on 21st April 1666.
There is no doubt that Humphrey JOLIFFE was an active and well respected lawyer regularly used by members of the Corporation and to aid research I have listed below references to him that I have located in various surviving documentation.
(1). He was appointed Overseer of Mathew CHUBB's will dated 21st June 1617;
(2). He was a beneficiary under the Will of Roger KETE Gentleman Dated 15 Mar 1619/20 Proved 5 July 1620 "Item: I give and bequeath to Humphrey JOLIFFE Gentleman a great wine chest"
(3). In the Will of Margaret CHUBB (d.1628) Widow of Matthew CHUBB (d.1617) Goldsmith of Dorchester; Dated 18 April 1625 (Probate granted 14 May 1628 Ref PROB 11/153) "Item: I give unto Humfry JOLIFFE of the said Dorchester Gentleman my attorney whom I have found very careful and faithful in the following of my law business one hundred pounds so as he doth deliver or cause to be delivered to the executor of this my Last Will and Testament within three months next after my decease being thereunto requested all such deeds evidences Charters records Court Rolls writings scripts and investments of what nature and kind so ever which he hath in his own custody or otherwise disposed of which do concern me or my lands or any part thereof or any got of my estate and also be aiding and assisting to my said executors for the due performance of this my Last Will and Testament according to my true intent and meaning."
(4). He was one of the witnesses to the indenture or sale of Foxwell's Tenement, on the east side of South High Street to the grocer Richard Bury on 10 June 1637 - Charter 687
(5). He was one of the witnesses to the indenture of a lease of a Messuage in High South Street on 23rd March 1640/1 Charter 712-D
(6). In the year 1652/3 in the Municipal Records of Dorchester page 547 - "This day upon a debate how to relieve Mr William JOLIFFE, and to see him free from danger of his creditors in case his other debts can be satisfied by himself and Mr Humfrey JOLLIFFE, whic Lawrence Righton hath assured this company will be effected --etc. This suggests that Humphrey was related to William JOLIFFE who was at one time Mayor of Dorchester but had fallen on hard times..
Sources:- FFH; Parish Registers Cattistock; Holy Trinity Dorchester; MRD pages 370, 382, 547; OXA; QS; [MRD] Pages 547 [1652-3 - Refers to debate on how to free William JOLIFFE of his debts in London [£125] with Humphrey JOLIFFE and Lawrence RIGHTON helping to sort out his other debts]
[OXA] - Jolliffe, Humphrey of Dorset pleb. Magdalen Hall matric 7th Feb 1588-9 aged 13 ?
[QS] - Pages 120 [attorney Blandford Sessions 12/14 Jan 1630], 150 [Attorney Bridport Sessions 5/8 Oct 1630] ; 171 [Attorney at Sherborne Sessions 19/21 Apr 1631], 179 [Attorney at Shaston Sessions 12/13 July 1631] , 184 [ Attorney at Bridport Sessions 4/6 Oct 1631] , 224 [ Blandfor Sessions 8/11 Jan 1633 - Case of John Higgins:- Robert Nappier, Humphrey JOLLIFF, Robert Hill and John Salter gentlemen are Commissioners in Dorset for the lands and revenues of Theophhilus, Earl of Suffolk. They consent that John Higgins of Winfrith, labourer, being poor and aged can build a house on the waste at Winfrith of which the Earl of Suffolk is lord, and shall pay no rent. The house is to remain for the use of the poor". Note:- The original entry can now be viewed on ancestry.com
[WILLS] (1). Overseer of Mathew CHUBB's will dated 21st June 1617;
(2) Will of Roger KETE Gentleman Dated 15 Mar 1619/20 - Codicil 9 Apr 1620 - Proved 5 July 1620 "Item: I give and bequeath Humphrey JOLIFFE Gentleman a great wine chest"
(3) Will of Margaret CHUBB (d.1628) Widow of Matthew CHUBB (d.1617) Goldsmith of Dorchester; Dated 18 April 1625 (Probate granted 14 May 1628 Ref PROB 11/153) "Item: I give unto Humfry JOLIFFE of the said Dorchester Gentleman my attorney whom I have found very careful and faithful in the following of my law business one hundred pounds so as he doth deliver or cause to be delivered to the executor of this my Last Will and Testament within three months next after my decease being thereunto requested all such deeds evidences Charters records Court Rolls writings scripts and investments of what nature and kind so ever which he hath in his own custody or otherwise disposed of which do concern me or my lands or any part thereof or any got of my estate and also be aiding and assisting to my said executors for the due performance of this my Last Will and Testament according to my true intent and meaning."
(4) 21 Apr 1666 - Letter of Administration for the estate of Christiana JOLYFFE of Dorchester granted to Henry Bestland Gent a credfitor
[WITNESSED] Will Nicholas Purchase 12 Mar 1619/20 ; Charter 687 10th June 1637 ; Charter 712 Indenture 23 Mar 1640 ;
[WW] Page 178 Summary:- JOLLIFFE, Humphrey (c1583-1653) Lawyer in Dorchester. Steward of manors of Sir Edward Lawrence 1627-31. Mayor 1633 {Note this is incorrect it was William JOLIFFE who was Mayor in 1633]. Investor in the Dorchester Company. Also page 78 of Diary "In this month the privy seales came abroad of which 152 were for Dorset and in them 9 for Dorchester, Som [i.e. sum] £100 [of which Humphrey Joliffe paid £10] JOHN JOPE - [Merchant] of Plymouth. Married Elizabeth Davis, Trinity Church, Dorchester 22 Sept. 1573. Will (PCC 3 St. John) proved by Elizabeth relict 26 Jan. 1630/1. [Perhaps the Mr. Jope mentioned in the will of Matthias Nicholles]. [Entry 50 in listing] [MR] Phillimore's Marriage Registers, published in 1909 show that a John [J] UP & Elizabeth DAVIS were married 25-Jan 1573 Holy Trinity Dorchester - See marriage for notes on contents of his will.
[PRO] Will of John Jope, Merchant of Plymouth, Devon; Probate granted 26 jan 1631: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: St. John Quire Numbers: 1 - 68: PROB Ref 11/159 THOMAS KETE of Chesselborne [Gentleman], son of Edward Kete d ante 1663 [John Keye was a member of the New England Planters Parliament]
[Entry 69 in listing] [DV] Grandson of Richard Kete of Chesselborne & Eva Medon. Son of Edward Kete of Chesselborne & Christian Moore of Shillingford. Married Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stoite of Milton Dorset. DV Ref Page 61 GILBERT LODER - [Attorney] b c. 1590. Bur. [St Peter's] 5 Dec. 1656, [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Will [P.C.C. 90 Ruthyn] [Gilbert Loder of Dorchester gent., In 1636 claimed that in 1634 he possessed a cow, a calf, and a steer depasturing in New England, in charge of Nicholas Upsall, a kinsman of George Way. These were taken over and sold by Way. [Court of Requests, Charles 1 bundle 88 [P.P.] ]
[Entry 11 in listing] [JOS] On 20 May 1636 he sued Nicholas Upsall, for pasturing cattled claimed by him.
[QS] Shown as a regular practising case lawyer 1627-1634 inc before the Quarter Sessions in Blandford, Dorchester, Sherborne, Beaminster, etc
[PRO] Will of Gilbert Loder, Gentleman of Dorchester, Dorset, probate granted 12 Mar 1657; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Ruthen Quire Numbers: 51 - 103: PROB Ref 11/262
[NBI] Gilbert LODER buried Dorchester Dorset Parish of St Peters in the year 1656 no exact date given WILLIAM LODER son of John Loder, bpt at Stinsford 20 April 1570, Married (1) Anne Watts, 1 May 1580 (2) Elizabeth Denit, 28 July 1589. [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 5 in listing] JOHN LONG - [Bookseller] of Dorchester. d.20 Dec. 1632. First Governor of the Freemen of Dorchester(1), 1629. His son John Long carried on the business and sold Rev. John White's works.
[Entry 43 in listing]
NOTE:- (1). See research document - he was also Governor in 1627 under the Charter granted to Dorchester by James I, but Rose Troup refers to the new Charter drawn up in 1629 under Charles I where it states " John LONG of Dorchester shall be the first Governor to continue in office until Monday after Michaelmas & to be sworn before the Mayor".
See Research Document on John LONG [LONGE] families in Dorchester
Sources:- FFH pages 225 & 236: MRD pages 59, 82, 340, 367, 393, 395/6, 408/9, 413, 427, 642, 692, 694, 716: PRO Possible probate granted 20 Sep 1633 for a Will of John Longe or Long but does not give any location ; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury; Name of Register: Russell Quire Numbers: 58 - 117: PRPB Ref 11/164: WW p39, 48, 54, 75, 92, 106, 115, 125-127, 179. JOSEPH LONG - [Gentleman] of Sidbury, Devon [? Held land in Broadmayne and had a son William whose son Joseph Long emigrated to New England].
[Entry 106 in listing] [JOS] Sidbury, Devon (15 m. E of Exeter), and a few miles from Salcombe Regis. Joseph Long, married Mary Lane, dau. of William Lane of Beaminster, who came to New England on the ship "Hopewell", 1635. Bill of Derby vs. Long, et al, 29 Sept. 1655--Joseph Long, gent, now deceased settled lands in Broad Magna, Dorset, on his son William Longe. Matthew Derby of Dorchester, gent, claimed William Longe, granted the premises to him before June, 1654. Respondents were William Longe, Richard Savaze and Josiah Terry of Dorchester, habadasher. HENRY MABER - [Clothier]. Son of Marshall Maber of Hillfield in Sydling. [Source Rev RG Bartelot] b. 2 Dec. 1588, Sydling. Married [St Peters] Mrs Martha Derbie, widow 4 Aug. 1657 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Bur. [St Peter's] Mr Henry Maber magistrate 2 Oct 1667 [Source rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 10 in listing] [JOS] Married Martha Joliffe Derby, widow of Matthew Derby, 4 Aug. 1657.
Henry MABER (1588-1667) He was baptised as Henry the youngest child of Marshall MABER of Hillfield on 2nd December 1588 in St Nicholas Church in the parish of Sydling St Nicholas located 8 miles north west of Dorchester. His father Marshall Maber married his mother Marie MITCHELL in St Mary's church in Charminster Dorset on 17 Nov 1577. He had an older brother William (1580) and two sisters Mary (1583) and Elizabeth (1585). A clothier by trade the Municipal Records show that he took on 4 apprentices in Dorchester (in 1623, 1629, 1631 and 1634) for 8 or 9 year terms to help in his business and learn the trade. He was elected constable of Dorchester on 2nd Oct 1626 and again the following year. He was appointed under the Charter of Charles I issued on 22 Sep 1629 as one of the original 24 members of the Common Council of Freemen and re-elected, in 1630 and 1633. He was also elected receiver of the company of Freemen in 1629 and Governor 1632-33. In 1629, whilst still a constable of Dorchester, he was accused of poaching by a local gentleman called John Williams the heir to the Herringstone estate and keeper of the King's game for the Royal Manor of Fordington. John Williams had himself stabbed a tapster to death at the George in 1623 but Maber was duly summoned to Whitehall. No formal complaint was made however so he returned home.
His father, also a clothier by trade was admitted Freemen of Dorchester 26 July 1632. On the 18th Sep 1635 Henry was elected Capital Burgess of Dorchester taking over from William Whiteway the diarist who died then. In 1635 he was also made Town Steward, before being chosen as Mayor in 1641. During the period 1648-49 he was Bailiff and on 1st Apr 1650 became Feoffee for the parsonage of Frome Whitfield before being elected as Mayor for second time on 3 October 1653. Rose Troup says he married in St peters church Dorchester on 4 Aug 1657 to the widow Martha DERBIE. If correct he would then have been 69 years old. He was buried in st peters church on 2nd Oct 1667. Sources: DD page 141: HACD: FFH pages 143,158,187: MRD pages 59, 83, 370, 373, 396, 399, 408, 413, 415, 424, 444, 454, 561, 624, 630, 649, 651, 652, 713,714, 716. OPC Charminster marriages & Sydling St Nicholas Baptisms: RT & Rev RG Bartelot - pages 40, 263 and 449: WW pages 85,92,99,113,125,134,157, 179: RICHARD MALLACK of Axmouth. Son of William Mallock of Axmouth. Married Joan dau. of John Yonge of Colyiton. Bur. 16 Sept. 1644. Adminstration of his estate to relict Joan 21 Feb. 1644/5.
[Entry 100 in listing] [JOS] (Mallocke) of Axmouth, Devon (5 m. W of Lyme Regis). Bu. 16 Sept. 1644. Married Joan Younge, dau. of John Yonge and Elizabeth Steere of Colliton. His brothers-in-law were Humphrey Cockeram, Robert Hill of Taunton, William Hill of Poundsford, William Fry of Yarby and Walter Younge. Humphrey Cockerman may be related to William Cockeram brother-in-law of John Miller. (Ref: Devon Visitations 1623, p. 52, Search Series Vol. 12, p. 15). HENRY MANIFORD of Long Burton.[Tanner?] Bur. 6 Dec. 1642. Will (PCC 240 Fines) 23 Apr. 1642, proved 20 Nov. 1647 .
[Entry 62 in listing] [MR] CLDS Extraction programme shows Henry MANIFORD married Joane BURTE on 4th Feb 1610 in Long Burton. Also shows baptisms of their children Joane 19 May 1615; Elizabeth 21 Oct 1618; John 26 Dec 1621 & his death 15 Jan 1622; John 26 sep 1623; Henry 19 Sep 1625; Hannah 19 May 1628; Samuel 29 Mar 1630; & Mary 1 Nov 1632.
[PRO] Will of Henry Mainford, Gentleman of Longburton, Dorset, probate granted 20 Nov 1647; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Fines Quire Numbers: 202 - 260: PROB Ref 11/202. Also Will of Joane MANIFORD Widow of Long urton Dorset, proved 14 Dec 1660 Nabbs Quire numbers 260-312 REf 11/302
[JOS] His daughter Mary married John Warren of Chiddington. (Ref: Dorset Visitations 1677, p. 73) AMIAS MARTYN of Ireland.[Mercer] Son of Adam Martyn of Scaborough, Somerset.
[Entry 87 in listing] [WW] MARTIN, Amias. Mercer of Seaborough, Somerset. Freeman of Dorhester 1623.Member of council of freemen 1626-27, 1629-30. JOSHUA MARTYN [Mercer] living about Yeavell (Yeovil?), in the County of Somerset.
[Entry 86 in listing] HENRY MASY of Kendall. [Clerk] B.c.1589. Of Broadgates Hall, from Devon. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Rector of Shafton St. Rumbold alias Cann, Dorset 1612-1622. Rector of Templecombe, Somerset 1613-1622.
[Entry 108 in listing] [OXA] MACY, Henry of Devon, pleb Broadgates Hall matriculated 11 July 1606 aged 17; MA from Wadham College 5 Jul 1614 (then in orders) Rector of Shafton St Rumbold alias Cann Dorset, 1612; and Rector of Temple or Abbas Combe Somerset 1614-36; father of Henry & John 1634; JAMES MEWS - Of Caundle Purse Manor House, Dorset, son of Ellis Mew, brother of Dr. Peter Mew, Bishop of Winchester. [Entry 68 in listing] GILES MILLER (Meller) - [Gentleman] 6th son of Sir John Meller of Came. and brother of Sir Robert Meller. d before 1634 [Source Rev RG Bartelot]
[Entry 40 in listing] [DV] Grandson of John Miller of Came & Jane daughter of Robert Cockeran in Collompton; 6th son of John Miller of Came & Anne daughter of Giles Winterhay of Chethall in Dorset. Brother of Sir Robert Miller of Came a Knight. ROBERT MILLER -[Felt maker] Of Bridport. Married Cicelie .Bd. [of plague] bur. 21 Sept. 1626. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] Will 1626 (PCC 145 Hale).
[Entry 33 in listing] [PRO] Will of Robert Millar, Feltmaker of Bridport, Dorset: Probate 23 Dec 1626: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Hele Quire Numbers: 109 - 154: PROB Ref 11/150 WALTER NEWBURG [Clerk] - b.1596, Married (1) Katherine Strode of Stoke Abbas. [Source Rev.RG Bartelot] (2) Jane dau. of John Brown of Frampton, [ she remarried Dr. John Stoughton] Of Hart Hall, from Dorset [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 27 May 1631 Bur. 2 Jun 1631 [Source Rev RG Bartelot] Will (P.C.C. 111 Audley) pro. 7 Nov 1632. Rector of Symondsbury Dorset 1624-32.
[Entry 38 in listing] [MR] See Separate Biography on this site. Walter NEWBURGH Esq(1595-1631) MATTHIAS NICHOLLES - [Clerk] b. c.1586. of New College Oxford from Bucks Gentleman [Source Foster's Alumni Oxoniensis] Brother of Ferdinando Nicholls. d. 15 Aug. 1631[Source Whiteways diary] Will (PCC 107 St. John) pro. 10 Oct. 1631. Rector of Mells, Somerset, installed 4 Jan. 1619. [His successor was inst. 29 Feb 1620] Minister of God's Word at Plymouth, Devon 1630 ' Witnessed will of John White's father].
[Entry 47 in listing] Matthias (Matheus & Mathew) NICHOLLS [NICOLLS] (1587-1631) The elder of two known sons of a Buckinghamshire Gentleman born there c1587.
Matthias was educated at the same university as the Rev. John WHITE (1574/5-1648) matriculating at New College Oxford on 31st Oct 1606 at the impressionable age of 19. John White had probably only just left Oxford when Matthias arrived, leaving behind him a considerable reputation at the university as a charismatic puritan preacher. Matthias was awarded a Bachelor of Canon Law on 5 May 1614 and must have been befriended by the Patriarch's father (also John WHITE 1550-1618), as he was a witness to his will which was written at Staunton St John on 30 Sep 1616. It is not surprising therefore to find him following in the patriarch's footsteps receiving a licence to preach in 1619 and being presented to the living at Mells in Somerset on 14th January 1620 after the death of the previous rector William HILL. He did not stay long however as a new rector Henry Ancketill was appointed on 27 Feb 1621 shortly before Matthias was awarded his Bachelor of Divinity on 11 July 1621. He then, according to his will, seems to have become a "Preacher of God's word" in Plymouth Devon.
He married a Martha and is said to have had the following children all baptised in St Andrews church Plymouth John (bap 20 Mar 1621 -bur 14 Sep 1631) Joanna (bap 24 Sep 1623); Matthias (bap 29 Mar 1626); Samuel (bap 17 Jul 1628) and Hanna (bap 15 Dec 1631). Matthias remained throughout in close contact with John WHITE supporting his schemes for emigration and becoming one of the 119 investors in the Dorchester Company in 1624.
His younger brother Ferdinando NICHOLLS (1598-1662) became assistant to Rev. John WHITE from 1625 to August 1627 and according to Rose Troup in her book on John WHITE, Ferdinando 'advanced to a form of Puritanism of a more violent character'.
In March 1630 Matthias greeted passengers of the "Mary & John" (the ship chartered by John WHITE) just before they set sail for New England. They assembled together with John WHITE in Plymouth for a farewell service in the "New Hospital", evidently known as the Hospital of the Poor Portion, a recently founded Puritan institution on the lines of the Hospital in Dorchester, a place for 'setting children to work' and for 'aged people to inhabit'.
Matthias died in Plymouth on 15 July 1631 leaving a Will which was proved on 10 October that year in which he left money to puritan charitable institutions in Plymouth and £13 'unto the common stock for New England, towards the advancement of that plantation'. On 12th April 1634 his widow Martha was another of those that settled in Dorchester seeking the comfort and protection of John White.
Genealogical Notes:-
Sources: CCED; CLDS members entry: OXA; PRO Ref Prob 11/160: RT23,199 411,453; WW 117,143,180; EDWARD PELE - Of Compton Valence. [Clerk] B. c.1582, Of Queens College, Oxford, from Cumberland. [Source Forster's Alumni Oxoniensis] d. 6 May 1643. [Source Rev.RG.Bartelot] Will proved by relict Alice, Aug. 1643 (PCC Fairfax) Vicar of Fordington , 1617, Rector of Compton Valence, installed 28 Jun. 1629. [Entry 61 in listing]
[MR] See Separate Biography on this site.Rev. Edward PELE (1582-1643) THOMAS PELHAM, Esq. - Of Compton Valence. Son of Herbert Pelham of Compton Valence by his 2nd wife Eliz. West eldest dau of Lord de la Warre. Married Blanche dau. of Robert Eyre 4 Sept 1620.
[Entry 70 in listing] [DV] Grandson of Anthony Pelham of Sussex. Son of Herbert Pelham of Michellham Sussex by his 2nd wife Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Delaware. Thomas Pelham then [1623] of Compton Vallence married Blanch daughter of Robert Eyre of Wells in Somerset. DV Ref Page 75
[WW] PELHAM, Thomas. Of Compton Valence, Dorset. Captain in Dorset Militia 1622-29. JOHN PITT - [Merchant] Of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. Will proved 1626 (PCC 22 Hele).
[Entry 41 in listing] [DV] PITT, John : Alderman of Melcombe Regis, Dorset, 1623. (DV Ref Page 2)
[PRO] Will of John Pitt, Merchant of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, Dorset; probate granted 10 Fen 1626; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Name of Register: Hele Quire Numbers: 1 - 56; PROB Ref 11/148
[WW] PITT, John (c1547-1627). Merchant and shipowner of Lanehouse, Bridport and Weymouth. Mayor of Weymouth 1618 and MP for Poole 1623.Investor in Newfoundland fishing trade and Dorchester Company. Brother to diarist's maternal grandmother. Married Agnes Davidge. Children included Joseph, alice (d. 1626) and Phineas. MATHEW PITT [Merchant] son of Richard Pitt of Crickett Malherbe, Somerset. d.18 Apr. 1624, London.[Source Whiteways diary] Will (P.C.C. 97 Byrde) 10 Oct 1623 pro. by relict Philippa 19 Nov 1624, who was dau of Robert Welsteed [Father of Philippa Pitt] Member of Melcombe Regis
[Entry 42 in listing] [JOS] son of Richard Pitt of Crickett Malherbe, Somerset, and Margaret Bailey. D. 18 Apr. 1624, London. Married (1) Christian Barnard, dau. of John Barnard of Shepto
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1905) – Find a Grave Gedenkstätte
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Sir Ambrose Shea KCMG, from Newfoundland was a political and successful businessman who supported the rights of Colonial Newfoundlanders and later served as Governor of the Bahamas. He was one of two Newfoundland delegates to the Québec Conference that led to Canadian confederation. Was a key player in both Liberal and...
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The Yellow Pine Times
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"The Yellow Pine Times"
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2024-02-04T11:41:39-07:00
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Posts about Weekly History written by The Yellow Pine Times
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The Yellow Pine Times
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https://yellowpinetimes.wordpress.com/category/weekly-history/
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North Central Idaho Stage Lines
(part 3) Buffalo Hump, Idaho County
Map of Area covered
Link to larger size
source: “Mineral Resources of the Gospel-Hump Wilderness, Idaho County, Idaho”
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin # 1812 1990
By Karen Lund, U.S. Geological Survey and Leon E. Esparza, U.S. Bureau of Mines
— — — — — — — — — —
Buffalo Hump
The discovery of rich quartz at Buffalo Hump in August 1898 created an immediate need for adequate transportation routes. Miners and suppliers had the choice of a few pack trails for reaching the area, but a passable wagon road wasn’t forth coming until 1900. The inaccessibility of the district and long winters hindered the growth of the area and the efforts of stage companies to adequately service the various mining communities.
Buffalo, Callender, Concord, Hump, and Laketown at one time competed for the business of the miners. A telephone service was extended into the area in 1903 and proved a valuable link to outside communities. The long winters made it difficult for supplies and mails to reach the district, and more than a few miners found themselves running short of supplies every spring.
In the winter and early spring packers and mail carriers found it necessary to equip their horses with snowshoes in order to reach the camps. The horse snowshoe was made eight inches in diameter and circular in form by placing two-inch boards with the grain at right angles, which increased its strength. Tenents were cut in the top surface, into which calks were fitted. Bolts then passed through the boards on each side of the hind calks to which a strap was connected that passed over the front of the hoof. The strap could be tightened by means of nuts on the under side. The Free Press noted: “When first these snowshoes are put on it is an amazing sight to watch the maneuvers of the horse; it takes some little time for him to get used to them. But it is surprising to note the effect it has on the ordinary animal. He walks along with as much confidence as the average Norwegian would on his skees, and really lifts his foot to have it put on, seeming to understand the necessity of their existence. With these shoes good loads can be packed over quite soft snow.”
(January 2, 1902, p. 2, c. 1)
In February 1899 the Genesee News reported: “Dick Ruddy plans to put in an extensive stage line this summer. He says it is all nonsense for people to rush in before May as the mountains are covered with 6 or 8 feet of snow.”
(Idaho County Free Press, February 24, 1899, p. 1, c. 3)
Frank Coston, owner of the Grangeville-to-Florence stage lines, started a line to the Hump in July 1899. His stage made tri-weekly trips and took a day and a half each way. “The first day, starting from the general stage office at the Jersey House [Grangeville] at 5 a.m., Slate Creek is reached about 3 p.m. transfer of passengers and baggage is made to horses and a short ride of 8 ½ miles brings both to Kunz’s station on Wind river. Express and baggage are carried for 7 c a pound and passengers for $10 single and $18 round trip.”
(Ibid., July 21, 1899, p. 2, c. 6)
The Free Press on February 3, 1899 (p. 3, c. 2) made note of the new stations being built along the route, “The Florence-Buffalo Hump trail will soon be supplied with plenty of stopping places. Chris. Arnold, Frank Kunz and Henry Ruff are putting up cabins at the foot of Umbrella butte, and Tom Hopwood has established a camp at Anchor Meadows.”
A regular mail service was granted on December 1 when the postal department created route 70,283 between Florence and Buffalo. The mail left Florence on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 6 a.m. and arrived in Buffalo the same days at 6 p.m. The return mail left Buffalo on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at 6 a.m. and arrived in Florence the same days at 6 p.m. Mail service between the two points had previously been a special, operated by Frank Coston. Stages were not utilized on the route until a year later when a wagon road was opened. Mail and passengers reached the Hump country by saddle horses until that time.
(Ibid., November 10, 1899, p. 5, c. 2)
In January 1900 the mail contract was let for $900 a year but the contractor made no effort to fulfill his obligation and the service was relet.
(Ibid., January 12, 1900, p. 1, c. 5)
By March tri-weekly service was once again available for the residents in the Hump country. However, it was not a direct service as the mail went first to Florence, and Hump residents soon began petitioning for direct delivery.
(Ibid., March 30, 1900, p. 1, c. 5)
By June the people of Stuart (Kooskia) had raised enough funds by subscription to start an independent tri-weekly stage line between Stuart and Buffalo Hump by way of Clearwater, Harpster, Newsome, and Elk City.
(Lewiston Tribune, June 28, 1900, p. 3, c. 2)
Ben Dowell of Stuart, became the proprietor of the line and in July ran his stages by way of Elk City and the Badger mine to Buffalo Hump. Until the completion of the road into Buffalo Hump, the Badger mine remained the terminus of the line. The fare between Stuart and the Badger mine was six dollars, one way.
(Idaho County Free Press, July 6, 1900, p. 3, c. 3)
In August the Free Press noted: “A tri-weekly stage will begin running Monday [September 3] from Stites, the present terminus of the Clearwater Short Line to Callender, the Charles Sweeney syndicate town at Buffalo Hump. The Idaho, Nevada and California Stage Co. will operate the new line. The company now has six day service between Grangeville and Stites using six-horse Concord stages. They also have a daily service from Grangeville to Florence, a saddle horse line three times a week between Adams Camp and Buffalo Hump and a tri-weekly between Grangeville and Elk City.”
(Lewiston Tribune, August 29, 1900, p. 3, c. 5)
By the following month two lines were running into Buffalo Hump, one by way of Elk City and the other from Grangeville. On the latter route, the stage went as far as Moore’s and from there saddle horses were used the rest of the way. Stages, though, were able to reach Callender by way of Elk City over the recently completed wagon road constructed by Charles Sweeney, the main Buffalo Hump promoter.
(Idaho County Free Press, September 22, 1900, p. 1, c. 5)
On October 15 the first wheeled vehicle arrived in Hump over the just-completed Grangeville and Buffalo Hump road.
(Ibid., October 19, 1900, p. 1, c. 5)
In August 1902 tri-weekly service was still available; the stage left Grangeville on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 6 a.m. and arrived in Buffalo Hump the next day.
(Ibid., August 7, 1902, p. 3, c. 3)
On Saturday, September 5, 1903, the stage was robbed at Moore’s Station while the driver and passengers were at dinner. The house was about one hundred yards from the barn, and when the driver returned to the coach, he found the registered mail pouch cut open and the contents missing.
(Ibid., September 10, 1903, p. 1, c. 5)
By the spring of 1900 J. C. Moore was operating his station, which was located halfway between Adams Camp and Buffalo Hump.
(Ibid., May 18, 1900, p. 3, c. 3)
After the excitement of the robbery subsided, Moore put his teams back to work procuring an extra supply of hay and grain to meet the heavy demands of travelers during the winter season, when horse feed was scarce.
(Ibid., October 29, 1903, p. 4, c. 3)
In December Moore found it necessary to temporarily vacate his station on account of ill health. He spent a few months in Missouri and then returned to his place in April 1904.
(Ibid., December 17, 1903, p. 4, c. 4; April 14, 1904, p. 4, c. 1)
In September 1904 J. F. Ruckman, of Stites, leased the stage route between Adams Camp and the Hump from the California, Idaho, and Nevada Stage Company, which continued to provide stage service between Grangeville and Adams Camp.
(Ibid., September 1, 1904, p. 1, c. 3)
In the spring of 1906 the mail contract between Elk City and Concord via Orogrande was awarded to U. G. Kinkaid of Elk City. The contract took effect on July 1, and after that date the route between Adams Camp and the Hump was discontinued.
(Ibid., April 26, 1906, p. 4, c. 2)
The initial rush into the Hump area provided some excitement for a few years, but as the value of the ore diminished miners began looking elsewhere for new bonanzas. Hump miners came to realize that it was impossible to make any profits with low-grade ores and high transportation costs. A few miners stuck it out until around 1920, but the majority left before 1910. The district eventually produced about $540,000, but not much of this figure can be considered a profit due to the high operating costs.
source: Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series, Number 143, 1971
— — — — — — — — — —
The Buffalo Hump
Buffalo Lake and Buffalo Hump
Buffalo Hump, the most prominent of the peaks of the Clearwater Mountains, rises in the center of a triangle formed by the three mining towns of Warren, Elk City and Florence, mining camps which in the 1860’s produced something over $100,000,000 in placer gold. This high mountain peak can be seen to the southeast of St. Gertrude’s Convent, snowcapped much of the year. Buffalo Hump takes its name from a prominent intrusive into the Idaho granite batholith rising to an elevation of 8,926 feet in the form of a recumbent buffalo and is a prominent landmark of the central Idaho region.
Speaking of the gold discoveries in Idaho during the early 1860’s, James H. Hawley stated:
Of the thousands who came into the new camp of Florence during the summer of 1862, nearly all stopped for a short time at least. The limited area of place [sic] ground, however, in that vicinity, soon became apparent and prospecting parties started in all directions. As usual in all mining camps the unfounded reports of rich discoveries soon became circulated among those remaining in the camp, and it was early in the summer of 1862 that a rumor became current there that rich mines had been discovered at the base of the mountain known as Buffalo Hump, a well known mountain, situated about forty miles northeast of Florence, and to the new El Dorado went practically all of those who had come into the new section; they packed their scant amount of provisions and blankets on their backs and started for the new El Dorado, but only disappointments awaited them there, as they soon ascertained. There was no placer gold and the gold-bearing ledges cropping out in many places were of a low grade and could not be profitably worked at that time.
(“History of Idaho, Vol. I, 1920)
Some years later, Buffalo Hump mines began to prosper in 1898.
No one had any idea of the enthusiasm that the Buffalo Hump strike has aroused. It is all and even more than the locators claimed for it. The assays run to phenomenal values and none of the returns have been low. The strike itself is one of the most phenomenal geological freaks ever discovered. It consists of a huge vein of ore thrown up on the face of the plain and for five miles one can ride along beside it on horseback. In its course the vein runs straight through the Salmon River.
For two weeks past men have been flocking from all directions to the camp. At night the camp fires resemble those of an army; for miles around they leap heavenward. More than two hundred prospectors were living in tents along the vein when I left Grangeville. Florence and the other camps are almost depopulated; men threw up good jobs to get to the strike; you meet them on foot, huge packs on their backs; on horseback, two men on a horse . . . all with but one thought — to stake out a claim before all are gone.
For years trained and veteran prospectors camped beside it, and climbed over and around to get into the renowned diggings in Boise Basin, in the Florence district, in the northern counties, into the Seven Devils country and to dozens of other localities long since forgotten.
From “Illustrated History of North Idaho,” quoting a man named Attorney Nash.
source: Idaho County GenWeb – ©pbc 2004-Present – Keeping Genealogy Free
— — — — — — — — — —
Post Offices:
BUFFALO
Established
April 4, 1899 Richard Henley
Discontinued
November 15, 1900 Mail to Hump
Approximately 60 miles S.E. of Grangeville
—
HUMP
Established
November 23, 1899 Frank Brown
January 3, 1901 Boyd Phelps Quivery
October 23, 1901 Albert Sifton Jr.
November 29, 1902 D. Shaw
Discontinued
September 30, 1905 Mail to Concord
—
CONCORD
Established
January 17, 1900 James Eldridge
January 19, 1909 William Allen
Discontinued
November 15, 1913 Mail to Orogrande
2 miles S.E. of Hump
source: ©Idaho County IDGenWeb Project 1997- Present- Keeping Genealogy Free
—————
Winter Travel and Transportation in the Early Days
Transportation of people and supplies to mining camps at Elk City and Buffalo Hump in the late 19th and early 20th century was extremely difficult in the winter. Oftentimes sleds and toboggans were pulled by horses that were fitted with snowshoes. Rawhiding was another method used to transport supplies over snow. Supplies were wrapped in a green cow, elk, or deer hide and dragged over the deep snow. The rawhide was pulled by man or horse equipped with special snowshoes.
A packstring pulling a toboggan on the Elk City Wagon Road, circa 1929. Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests archives.
— — —
Packtrain on the Rawhide Trail to Buffalo Hump in 1905. Rawhide packs are pulled behind each horse. University of Idaho Digital Collections.
Photos from Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests (FB)
— — — — — — — — — —
(Buffalo) Hump Town 1902
“Winter snow averages 15 feet. Old Buffalo Hump 1902. Gold discovered in 1898.”
source: ©Idaho County IDGenWeb Project 1997
— — — — — — — — — —
Buffalo Hump
Buffalo Hump looking north toward Idaho County. Horse riders with pack animals are in the foreground.
J. A. Hanson, photographer (undated)
source: Copyrights held by the Idaho State Historical Society.
— — — —
Pack Transportation, Grangeville to Buffalo Hump
Pictured is a pack train hauling batteries for the Jumbo Mine at Buffalo Hump. The Henry Wax General Merchandise store and other businesses line the street in Grangeville, Idaho.
J. A. Hanson, photographer (undated)
source: Copyright is held by the Idaho State Historical Society.
— — — —
McDaniels pack train
The McDaniels pack train loaded with provisions for the Jumbo Mine at Buffalo Hump.
J. A. Hanson, photographer (undated)
source: Copyright is held by the Idaho State Historical Society.
— — — — — — — — — —
Abandoned mining town of Concord
Concord, one of the Ghost towns in the many Mining Camps of central Idaho.
courtesy Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest
Location: Buffalo Hump area — Red River Ranger District
Credit: George Ring — St. Gertrude’s Museum
— — — — — — — — — —
1888 Idaho Territory Map
Showing the area including Grangeville, Florence, Slate Creek, Buffalo Hump, Dixie, Elk City, and Warren.
Link to larger size (then click image to enlarge)
source: 1888 Territory of Idaho, Boston Public Library, Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection
——————-
Further Reading
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 1)
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 2)
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 3)
Link to Florence (Part 1)
Link to Florence (Part 2)
Link to Florence (Part 3)
Link to Florence (Part 4)
Link to Buffalo Hump (Part 1) Mining
Link to Buffalo Hump (Part 2) News clippings
Link to Dixie
Link to Elk City (Part 1) Mining
Link to Elk City (Part 2) News
Link to Elk City (Part 3) Murders
Link to Elk City (Part 4) Transportation
Link to Idaho History Index Page
Offsite
Link to Buffalo Hump Mining District Idaho County GenWeb
Link to Buffalo Hump Mining Claims Idaho County GenWeb
Link to Over the Hump (Idaho Magazine)
———————
page updated July 29, 2024
North Central Idaho Stage Lines
(Part 2) Grangeville – Elk City, Idaho County
Map of Area covered
Link to larger size
source: “Mineral Resources of the Gospel-Hump Wilderness, Idaho County, Idaho”
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin # 1812 1990
By Karen Lund, U.S. Geological Survey and Leon E. Esparza, U.S. Bureau of Mines
— — — — — — — — — —
Grangeville – Elk City
Miners rushed to Elk City in 1861 when news of a rich strike became known. Express lines and pack trains soon serviced the district and continued in operation until the completion of a wagon road in 1895. Trails and roads into the district often became impassable for wheeled vehicles and horses during the winter and early spring, and mail delivery was made by the determined efforts of hardy men who traveled over the snow-covered trails on snowshoes. Residents found it necessary to purchase enough staples in the fall to last until supplies could reach the community in the spring. The growth of the area experienced peaks and valleys, but the population remained constant enough to warrant regular stage and mail service for many years.
In December 1888 Elk City received a regular mail service when A. T. Reynolds was granted a government contract. He began service around the 21st and made the trip between Clearwater and Elk City once a week.
(Idaho County Free Press, December 14, 1888, p. 1, c. 4)
In the spring of 1893 the Free Press noted: “Ezra Baird has joined with Felix Warren to establish a stage line and saddle train between Grangeville and Elk City. From Grangeville, passengers will take the stage to Silverwood’s across Clearwater, and from thence by saddle train into Elk City. They have eight horses at Silverwood’s and will make their first trip as soon as the trail is passable for horses. They will extend the stage line into Elk City when the wagon road is completed. Frank Coston is in charge of the line and head quarters have been established in Grangeville.”
(May 12, 1893, p. 4, c. 1)
On May 20 Frank Coston reached Elk City with the mail, and his arrival was heralded as the earliest that anyone had brought horses over the trail.
(Ibid., May 26, 1893, p. 4, c. 2)
Thelbert Wall refuted Coston’s feat in a letter to the editor of the Free Press on June 9, 1863 (p. 1, c. 6). He claimed that he had crossed the mountains to Newsome Creek on April 26, 1893, with a pack train loaded with 200 to 250 pounds of freight and a five-gallon keg of whiskey. Woodtick Williams went one better than Wall when he wrote that he came over the stated trail he had 120 white mules loaded with flour, 102 black mules loaded with whiskey, and 85 Cleveland bay mules loaded with general merchandise. He further claimed that all the old-timers would remember him and vouch for his veracity.
(Ibid., July 7, 1893, p. 4, c. 3)
Pack trains continued to supply the district until July 1, 1895, when an Elk City correspondent to the Free Press wrote: “Great rejoicing in town. Saturday about noon a party of three men rode in with a cart, coming through by the trail. First buggy in Elk City. Having horse races this afternoon. The cart left Grangeville Tuesday and arrived in Elk City Saturday at noon sharp. The parties owning the rig intend locating here. They are Barney McCabe, Dr. Maynard and L. H. Barrie, from Tekoa, Washington.”
(July 5, 1895, p. 4, c. 3)
In August stages began to travel over the route and passengers could at last reach Elk City in the comfort of a coach. The stage left Grangeville every Tuesday and Friday at 5 a.m. and arrived in Elk City at 4 p.m. the next day. Travelers spent the night at the stage company’s new station on the summit of Baldy. Fare for the round trip was six dollars and a one-way ticket cost four dollars. Freight charges ran 1 ½ cents per pound.
(Ibid., August 9, 1895, p. 1, c. 3)
Travelers over the new road praised it as one of the very best they have traveled. The maximum grade did not exceed ten per cent and the ascent of Baldy was reported as being so gentle that travelers could trot their teams to the summit without realizing they were climbing a big mountain.
(Ibid., August 29, 1895, p. 1, c. 4)
In November the Free Press published the winter schedule of the stage company, which ran from December 1 to April 30. “From Grangeville, by Harpster, Clearwater and Elk City, to Raymond, 68 miles and back, twice a week. Leave Grangeville Monday and Thursday at 6 a.m. Arrive at Raymond Wednesday and Saturday by 6 p.m. Leave Elk City Monday and Thursday at 6 a.m. Arrive at Grangeville Wednesday and Saturday by 6 p.m.”
(November 29, 1895, p. 4, c. 3)
In the spring of 1896 the stage company initiated a tri-weekly service and the stage left Grangeville on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings.
(Ibid., March 20, 1896, p. 1, c. 6)
In May 1897 Jacob Tippery, the mail contractor, established a way station about five miles west of Baldy Mountain summit. He and his family moved into the new quarters the following month.
(Ibid., May 18, 1897, p. 1, c. 5; July 11, 1897, p. 1, c. 4)
Within a year, Tippery decided the station was too remote for his family and sold out. He thought it best for his children to be near a school and moved to Grangeville.
(Ibid., May 13, 1898, p. 1, c. 4)
By February 1899 James and Thomas Surridge ran the Elk City line and reported their operation was doing a land-office business. The increased business prompted the men to purchase a new coach and improve the facilities along the route.
(Ibid., February 3, 1899, p. 2, c. 5)
The brothers, prior to becoming proprietors of the stage line, laid out the town of Bridgeport on October 1, 1898. In March the Free Press reported: “Surridge Bros. have temporarily raised the rate of fare over their Elk City Stage Line to $7 for the single and $12 for the round trip. The increase will remain in force during the period of bad roads. The snow is getting soft and they have had snow shoes made for their horses in order to keep passenger rigs going as long as possible. They have just completed a new 40 x 60 barn at the new town of Bridgeport.”
(March 17, 1899, p. 4, c. 1)
By July the California, Idaho and Nevada Stage Company had obtained the mail contract and was preparing to operate a line of stages over the route. The Free Press praised the service provided by the Surridge brothers and remarked that they never missed a trip during the winter months.
(Ibid., July 28, 1899, p. 3, c. 6)
In June the outfit of the California, Idaho and Nevada Stage Company, running into Elk City, was attached for debt. The problems of the line were attributed to the poor condition of the state road and the inability of the company to use coaches along the route. The roads were in such bad shape that the mail had to be carried into Elk City on horseback.
(Ibid., June 29, 1900, p. 2, c. 1)
Road conditions improved and the stage company once again regained respectability with its creditors. On August 11, 1902, a daily mail service was inaugurated between Stites and Elk City and the future of the district never looked better.
(Ibid., August 14, 1902, p. 3, c. 3)
In the fall of 1905 J. C. Yandell, proprietor of the Mountain House, reported business booming due to an increase in traffic along the road.
(Ibid., November 23, 1905, p. 6, c. 2)
The California, Idaho and Nevada Stage Company continued to run the Elk City route until about 1906. At that time the line became the property of Nathaniel B. Pettibone, one of the founders of Stites. In June 1909 Pettibone sold the line to Alec Clitsome of Spokane for $15,000.
(Ibid., June 3, 1909, p. 1, c. 4)
In August the Elk City mail route from Grangeville was changed to connect with the stage at Clearwater. “This change will abolish the Grangeville and Stites line. J. W. Wilkes, who had been conducting this line, has the contract for carrying the mail over the new route. The stage now leaves Grangeville daily and connects at Clearwater with the Elk City and Stites stage. The Grangeville stages leave at 5 a.m. each morning except Mondays when the start will be at 10 a.m. Returning leaves Clearwater daily at 4 p.m. except on Tuesday when the departure occurs at 11 a.m.
(Ibid., August 5, 1909, p. 1, c. 1)
In the fall Clitsome abandoned the line, leaving Elk City without a stage line. He claimed there was too much factionalism among the businessmen of Stites, which made it impossible for him to earn a living. Apparently some would boycott him while others lent their support.
(Ibid., October 28, 1909, p. 1, c. 5)
Pettibone soon came to the rescue of Elk City residents and once again took charge of the line. He continued to run the line until selling out to Frank Hye in 1914. In the spring of 1910, L. Williams, owner of the Grangeville-Clearwater stage line, was awarded a four-year contract to carry mail between Grangeville and Clearwater, where connections could be made with the Elk City stage.
(Ibid., May 26, 1910, p. 8, c. 4)
During the summer of 1911, John Jack and R. Cote undertook an automobile trip into the upper south fork country. “The trip is a hard one and no doubt the party will have some thrilling experiences before the return to Grangeville. This is the first car to go into the Elk country, the roads to the camp being in such a condition that people have not cared to hazard such a journey.
(Ibid., August 24, 1911, p. 1, c. 5)
In the spring of 1913 Mrs. I. R. Wisner, wife of the proprietor of the Halfway House, found a gold watch in a sack of flour. The makers of the flour had placed watches in a number of sacks as a promotion to attract buyers.
(Ibid., May 22, 1913, p. 5, c. 3)
In the fall of 1914 the people of Elk City were stunned upon learning that Frank Hye had shot and killed his wife and Hugh Kennedy, one of his drivers. Hye had suspected that the two had become lovers and returned home early from a trip in an attempt to confirm his suspicions. Upon entering the house, he discovered his wife in bed and Kennedy disrobing. He quickly drew his revolver and shot them both. He then picked up his little girl and took her to a friend’s house. He next searched for the sheriff and turned himself in for the recently committed crime. His trial was held in February and March 1909. The jury found him guilty of second-degree murder and sentenced him to ten years to life. After serving just over two years, he was granted a full pardon in September 1917. He returned briefly to the Elk City area and, after attending to some business matters, left for the state of Washington.
(Ibid., October 8, 1914, p. 1, c. 1-2; trial, February 22, 1915, p. 1, c. 1-4, and March 4, 1915, p. 1, c. 1-4; convicted and sentenced, March 11, 1915, p. 1, c. 1-3; pardoned, September 27, 1917, p. 8, c. 3)
Soon after the arrest of Hye, N. B. Pettibone was placed in charge of the prisoner’s interests and the residents of Elk City continued to receive their mail with out any interruption.
(Ibid., October 15, 1914, p. 8, c. 4)
In May of 1915 the Stites-to-Elk City mail contract was relet to O. A. “Ole” Johnson and John Phillips for a flat rate of $14,000.
(Ibid., May 13, 1915, p. 1, c. 4)
During the same month, Henry Foulks, proprietor of the Switchback Station, returned to his business after a visit to San Francisco.
(Ibid., May 27, 1915, p. 2, c. 4)
In the fall of 1917 the snow was reported to be six inches deep on the switchback on the road to Elk City. The Free Press noted: “Mr. Johnson last Thursday drove an automobile through the snow from Elk City to Stites.”
(Ibid., November 1, 1917, p. 1, c. 5)
The introduction by Johnson of a motorized vehicle along the route would soon bring an end to the days of the four-horse stages rolling on the road to Elk City. In the summer of 1918 Phillips and Johnson began operating a motor truck over a portion of the stage route. “They make two trips a day by motor from Stites to Switchback. The truck is used at times to haul passengers and mail to Newsome and Elk City. They recently made a trip to Red River, taking in a number of men to fight forest fires. They have stated that the truck greatly reduced the cost of operating the stage line by eliminating the need for horse feed and care of the animals.”
(Ibid., July 25, 1918, p. 6, c. 4)
In June 1918 James C. Safely, editor of the Free Press, took a leisurely trip along the route and found the hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Yarbrough at Newsome first class. He reported the structures “Built entirely of logs, the tavern at Newsome and the adjacent buildings are entirely in harmony with the natural scenic beauty which exists here, for we are virtually surrounded by mountains heavily covered with timber. . . .”
(Ibid., June 6, 1918, p. 6, c. 1)
In the summer of 1919, the stage was upset about five and a half miles west of Elk City when the tongue of the four-horse stage broke. The driver, John Waymire, and a passenger, Mrs. Miller, suffered some injuries but were able to proceed when a replacement arrived.
(Ibid., July 3, 1919, p. 1, c. 4)
The following summer Ole Johnson announced that motor trucks would be placed on the entire route and the trip would be made in a day instead of a day and a half. He reported “Trucks are now on the line between Stites and Switchback and Newsome and Elk City, but it is necessary because of snow and mud to use horses and wagons between Switchback and Newsome.”
(Ibid., July 1, 1920, p. 1, c. 5-6)
One-day service became a reality on July 5 when the auto stage arrived in Elk City after leaving Stites earlier in the day.
(Ibid., July 8, 1920, p. 5, c. 3)
On the 10th O. A. Johnson and William Sutter sold the Stites-to-Elk City line to R. H. Chase and C. L. Fletcher, who intended to continue the operations in the same efficient manner as the previous owners.
(Ibid., July 20, 1920, p. 1, c. 3)
Horses continued to be used when the roads were in bad shape, but for all practical purposes the day of the four-horse stage became only a memory. The introduction of motorized vehicles not only eliminated horse-drawn stages but also created the need for better roads. Miners and residents of the Elk City country had long clamored for the construction of a road up the South Fork of the Clearwater River. They proclaimed a river grade road would be much easier to keep open during the winter months and would also considerably shorten the distance. In September 1909 a trail was completed up the South Fork and many soon called for its expansion into a wagon road.
(Ibid., September 16, 1909, p. 1, c. 1)
In the summer of 1919 voters of the Grangeville Highway District approved a $50,000 bond for their share in constructing a South Fork road.
(Ibid., July 10, 1919, p. 1, c. 1; August 14, 1919, p. 1, c. 3)
Shortly thereafter, W. J. Hall, Commissioner of Public Works reported that the South Fork road would be designated a state highway known as the Elk City Highway. He went on to note that a survey would soon be started and actual construction of the road would follow.
(Ibid., July 24, 1919, p. 1, c. 1; August 14, 1919, p. 1, c. 3)
In October W. E. Adamson, highway engineer, began work on the final location of the road. There was $185,000 available for the construction: $135,000 from the Forest Service and the $50,000 bond.
(Ibid., October 30, 1919, p. 1, c. 6)
Shortly after arriving on the job, Adamson accidentally shot and killed himself and a replacement had to be found.
(Ibid., November 13, 1919, p. 1, c. 5-6)
On July 20, 1920, a contract for the construction of the first link of the road, an eleven-mile stretch between Rocky Point and Castle Creek Ranger Station, was let to Otto Hanson of Spokane for $187,000. This was $2000 above the allotted amount, but the government agreed to cover the excess.
(Ibid., July 15, 1920, p. 1, c. 1; August 5, 1920, p. 1, c. 3)
In February 1921 an additional $20,000 was let by the government and the actual cost for construction of the entire forty-eight miles was estimated at $800,000.
(Ibid., February 10, 1921, p. 1, c. 6)
By 1929 the road had reached Golden and late in 1932 the highway was finally opened all the way to Elk City.
(Sister M. Alfreda Elsensohn, Pioneer Days in Idaho County, Vol. II (Caldwell: Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1951), p. 430.
source: Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series, Number 143, 1971
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Photos from Idaho State Historical Society
1890 Elk City, Idaho Post Office
source: Copyright Idaho state Historical Society
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1901 Elk city
Hotel Parr and Restaurant, Big Buffalo Saloon, Drug Store, Miners Supply.
source: Copyright Idaho state Historical Society
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Photo from Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests
1920 Elk City Wagon Road Stage just below Newsome headed for Elk City.
Two four-horse teams and passengers. Circa 1920.
source: U.S. Forest Service – Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests (FB)
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Photos from Facebook History Group
Old post card of stage on the Stites to Elk City wagon road
Staging between Stites and Elk City
Pub. for Post Office Drug Store, Stites, Idaho
source: Shannon Dolph Perry Idaho History 1860s to 1960s FB Group
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Stites to Elk City stage
source: Shannon Dolph Perry Idaho History 1860s to 1960s FB Group
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Photos from the Mike Fritz Collection
Main Street, Grangeville, Idaho (1)
courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
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View of Main Street, Elk City, Idaho
courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
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1888 Idaho Territory Map
Showing the area including Grangeville, Florence, Slate Creek, Buffalo Hump, Dixie, Elk City, and Warren.
Link to larger size (then click image to enlarge)
source: 1888 Territory of Idaho, Boston Public Library, Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection
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Further Reading
Link to Idaho County Murders part 3 (for Frank Hye)
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 1)
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 2)
Link to Idaho Stage Coach History (part 3)
Link to Florence (Part 1)
Link to Florence (Part 2)
Link to Florence (Part 3)
Link to Florence (Part 4)
Link to Buffalo Hump (Part 1) Mining
Link to Buffalo Hump (Part 2) News clippings
Link to Dixie
Link to Elk City (Part 1) Mining
Link to Elk City (Part 2) News
Link to Elk City (Part 3) Murders
Link to Elk City (Part 4) Transportation
Link to Idaho History Index Page
———————
page updated July 26, 2024
Edwardsburg News
(Part 8) 1917
Edwardsburg
(undated)
source: page 41, “The King’s Pines of Idaho; a story of the Browns of McCall” by Grace Edgington Jordan 1961
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This is a series of news clippings from Idaho papers mentioning Edwardsburg, Idaho, and is intended to provides a snapshot into the lives of our early pioneers.
The settlement of Logan was located up Logan creek near the mines and consisted of log cabins that served as cook house, hotel and blacksmith shop. A few years later Edwardsburg was founded by William and Annie Edwards, with their son Napier, when they built their house further down the creek and moved the post office. The Edwards came to Idaho from Georgia in 1903. At that time this area was part of Idaho County. In 1917 the area was mapped into the newly created Valley County.
The first Post Office was established August 17, 1904 called Logan with William Edwards as postmaster. Renamed Edwardsburg on February 25, 1909, then it was discontinued on January 14, 1918, with the mail going to Warren. The Edwards’ mail then came from Crawford (later Cascade), to Yellow Pine and on to Profile to Sam Willson’s. The Profile post office was established July 11, 1914, with Earl W. Willson as postmaster. The first and only road into the Big Creek area went over Elk Summit, splitting at the top, one fork going down to the Edwards and Moscow Mine on Logan Creek and the second fork went down Smith Creek to the mines on Big Creek.
References:
Jack Walker, Logan Creek (personal tour)
“The King’s Pines of Idaho; a story of the Browns of McCall” by Grace Edgington Jordan, 1961 (21 megs) Link
Valley County Post Offices, IDAHGP Link
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1909 Idaho Map
Showing Logan and vicinity and the old wagon road to Elk Summit
Link to larger zoomable size
source: American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection
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The Emmett Index. January 11, 1917, Page 1
Money For Funds In Idaho Forests
More Than a Million and a Half Dollars to be Spent for Highways
A total of $1,633,000 is to be spent in Idaho for the construction of good roads during the next 10 years. This extensive plan for road building has been mapped out to complete the good roads system in the national forest reserve and connect such roads up with other roads. A total of 1161 miles of road are to be constructed. Of this number 464 miles are within forest reserves and 697 on the outside.
The roads to be constructed vary in width from nine feet up to 16 feet on the main state highways. These roads are to be constructed from federal aid and the money derived from the 10 per cent of the grazing receipts.
The following table gives the list of national forest roads in the order of their importance, which are proposed for construction from the federal aid and 10 per cent appropriations in southern Idaho during the next ten years, in co-operation with the state and various counties concerned, together with certain data on each road;
Name of project – Total Estimated Cost
Warm River to Yellowstone … $90,000
Noble to Montana line … 70,000
Banks to Lowman … 94,000
Oakley to Rogerson … 45,000
Ketchum to Clayton … 500,000
Lowman to Stanley … 75,000
Horseshoe Bend to Smith’s Ferry … 135,000
McCall to Warren … 62,000
Soda Springs to Freedom … 90,000
Knox to Edwardsburg … 60,000
Paris to Preston … 30,000
Boise to Atlanta … 140,000
Oakley to Rogerson … 75,000
Clyde to Gilmore … 60,000
Mackay to Clyde … 50,000
Ketchum to Mackay … 102,000
Total … $1,633,000
Surveys have been made of portions of the Warm River – Yellowstone, the Noble – Montana line, and the South Fork of the Payette river road projects. Approximately $64,000 has already been spent on the south fork of the Payette river road, and $2000 on the Warren wagon road.
The minimum widths proposed vary from nine feet on the south fork of the Payette river road to 16 feet on the main state highways, as the Warm River – Yellowstone project. The maximum grade varies from 8 per cent on the laterals to 5 per cent on the main lines.
source: The Emmett Index. (Emmett, Idaho), 11 Jan. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. January 18, 1917, Page 1
To Slice Off Idaho County
Proposed Valley County Take Territory South of Salmon River
A bill has been introduced in the legislature providing for the creation of what is to be known as Valley county, the same to be carved out of territory in the north of Boise county and that section of Idaho county nine miles east of Riggins and south of the Salmon river. This would take in the Warrens, Chamberlain Basin, Marshall Lake, Edwardsburg and Thunder mountain sections of Idaho county. As this territory is tributary to New Meadows and other towns south of it and the travel and trade naturally goes in that way it is generally understood there is little if any objection to the slicing off of this section by people in other sections of Idaho county, providing the people in the affected territory desire to go.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 18 Jan. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —
The Emmett Index. January 18, 1917, Page 1
The North And South Highway
Scurrilous Resolutions of Caldwell Commercial Club Rouse Ire of Emmett Club – False and Misleading Statements Exposed and True Facts Set Forth
The resolutions of the Caldwell Commercial Club, opposing the route of the north and south state highway from Boise to New Meadows by way of the Payette river and Long valley, which appeared in Wednesday’s Boise papers, contain statements that are so false and misleading, so evident of a selfish animus behind them that takes no thought of the public’s good, that the Emmett Commercial club deems it its duty to make reply and set forth the true facts.
The fundamental objects of national and state highways is service to the public, not pleasure seekers; to make accessible the vast timber, mineral and agricultural resources of the states, not to promote the selfish ambitions of any town or community; to open for travel those regions that are not at present provided with rods, thus inducing the investment of capital to develop the resources of the state and attract settlers; to co-operate with the National government in developing the vast timber resources that are now ripe for the factory and the rich mines that are already being developed but lack means of transportation to make them profitable to their owners or to enrich the state. Such a country is that through which it is desired by the advocates of the Payette valley route to construct the southern end of the north and south highway. This route has been signified by the National forest service as preferable to any other because it will more completely accomplish the fundamental objects of national and state highways as set forth above.
It is 40 miles shorter from Boise and all points east than the Weiser valley route.
It starts from the center of population of the state and is the only practical north and south road through the central part of the state when the topography of the country is considered.
It is a route that is a never-ending panorama of scenic beauty, and comfortable for travel either in summer or winter.
The heaviest construction work on the route lies through the National forests and the Forest Service has signified its willingness to construct this portion of the rod.
It serves as an outlet for three big road projects which the forest service has approved for construction across central Idaho, which at present contains an area larger than the state of Connecticut and that is without any means of transportation except by pack horse. These projects which have been approved by the Forest service are:
The McCall – Warrens road to open up the undeveloped timber in the Idaho forest and the rich mineral resources of the Warrens and Marshall Lake districts.
The Cascade – Knox – Edwardsburg rod to make accessible the timber and grazing resources of the forest and the mineral resources of the Big Creek and Thunder Mountain Districts.
The Banks – Lowman – Stanley Basin Highway which connects with the Montana State Highway system by way of Gibbonsville and passes trough the beautiful Sawtooth Park country.
The Weiser route does not form a single connecting link with any other highway and has no feeders.
It is a direct route to the Payette Lakes, one of Idaho’s most beautiful resorts, and taps the large land holdings of the state around the lakes, comprising 32,000 acres of fine timber lands.
It possesses no difficult construction or engineering feats as is a natural water grade route from Emmett to Payette Lakes.
Instead of costing some $300,000 more to build than the Weiser route, it can be built cheaper, mile for mile of the same class of road, than the Weiser route. The soil is granite sand, a composition that makes hard, smooth rods at all seasons of the year, and reduces the cost of maintenance, as well as construction, to the minimum. The soil of the Weiser, Price and Meadows valleys is a dobie [sic] and is almost impassable during the wet season; a condition that is expensive during construction and costly to maintain. The best road is the one that is easiest traveled wet or dry, winter or summer.
The weather records show that neither route has any advantage as regards snow; that the fall is practically the same and remains as long on one route as on the other. There is very little, if any, difference in the altitude.
One of the uses of these highways is for post roads. That part of the Payette valley route between Boise and Emmett is used daily for mail service between the two points.
The Caldwell Commercial Club’s resolutions contain false and misleading assertions in that —
The Payette valley route does not have “steep and difficult grades.”
It is not “closed for traffic a considerable portion of the year.”
Will not cost any more, and quite probably less, than the Weiser valley route.
It is true that the Payette valley route is not so thickly populated as the Weiser valley route; but it is not also true that the sparsely settled and undeveloped sections should be favored over those more thickly settled and in full development, especially when, as in this case, the country traversed is so rich in resources that it needs only the means of transportation which this highway will give to unlock the gates that will pour forth a flood of riches that will rival the dreams of a Croesus and be of benefit to the entire state of Idaho? That, we take it, is, or should be, the object of both state and national highways. Sections that already possess good roads and the means to build others – whose resources are already developed – will acquire not a fraction of the benefit to either the individual or the state that those undeveloped and sparsely settled sections will reap when provided with means of transportation though state and government aid. He who is rich needs no financial assistance. He who is well fed needs not the friendly proffer of food.
The insinuation in the Caldwell article that the route is being advocated for the benefit of certain lumber interests is an appeal to raise the scum of popular prejudice that could only be conceived in the miasma-clouded intellects of such a swamp bred community. The state’ development has long been retarded by such infamous tactics. When the truth is known, the public will probably give the same consideration to this statement as the Caldwell Commercial Club has in the past given to its agreements with neighboring communities.
The proposition to consider the Boise – Payette Lakes route for the North and South Highway was laid before the first highway commission appointed, by the citizens of Emmett and Long valley before any route had been officially decided upon. This was four years before lumbering operations began on the Payette river on a large scale, and one year before the consolidation of the large lumber interests in southern Idaho. The matter as brought before the commission through the efforts of the Emmett Commercial Club. At that time there was not one timber operation on the membership roll of the club. There never has been a representative of any timber interest to appear before this organization to advocate the project. For every acre of private timber land that will be benefited by the Payette River route the State of Idaho owns one and the National Government one hundred; for ever prospect hole contiguous to the Weiser route there are ten well developed properties that will be given transportation by the Payette route and its feeders, and yet the State Mining Association, at its recent meeting, was deluded into endorsing the Weiser River route.
All the advocate of the Payette River route have ever asked is that a fair examination and estimate of the cost and benefits to the state be made. This has not been accorded by the Highway Commission. This request was laid before the commission before any route had been selected. The resolution adopting the Weiser River route was passed as soon as the Emmett Committee left the room. Since then repeated efforts have been made to get the Highway Commission to make an official examination of the Payette route. No such examination has ever been made to the knowledge of anyone in this locality. Last autumn the Boise county commissioners succeeded in getting the state highway engineer to go over a portion of the proposed road. The expenses were paid by the county. One member of the state highway committee has always been located at Weiser.
During the past four years these high commissioners have expended hundreds of thousands of dollars of state money on highways. All of this has been spent on existing roads connecting thriving communities like Wallace and Coeur d’Alene, Pocatello and Weiser. Almost invariably the roads projected lead to or through the communities in which the members of the commission reside. Not one mile of new road was built by this commission to open up new territory or develop dormant resources of the state. We ask our road committees in the legislature to investigate this assertion and see if it is not true.
During the next ten years under the Federal road act Idaho will receive millions of dollars from the National government for the building of roads. Are the people, through their legislature, going to demand that the money be expended to open up transportation facilities to the undeveloped parts of the state, or are they going to let a partisan board continue to use it for their own selfish interests to the detriment of the whole commonwealth?
We have tried to get a fair consideration of this matter from the highway commission for the benefit of the whole state as much as for our own interests. We have failed to get such consideration from this board. We are now ready to put the matter up to any fair minded nonpartisan committee. If the road committee of our present legislature, or any committee they will appoint, will make a careful personal examination and appraisal of the two routes and these statements and find the facts not as here stated, the Emmett Commercial Club will pay the expenses incurred by this committee.
Signed, Emmett Commercial Club,
By E. C. Rundstrom, President.
By B. B. Davis, Secretary.
source: The Emmett Index. (Emmett, Idaho), 18 Jan. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. February 01, 1917, Page 6
Locals and Personals
From recent reports from Boise it is evident that the bill creating the proposed Valley county, will go through. The territory from which the new county is created included the southern section of Idaho county and while it does not come as far north as at one time intended, to the Salmon river, it takes in Thunder City, Edwardsburg and that section of the country but excludes Warrens and a considerable strip south of the Salmon.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 01 Feb. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Grangeville Globe. February 01, 1917, Page 6
Commissioners’ Proceedings
[…] Petition of Geo. L. Patterson, C. F. Smith, et al., for an appropriation on road in Warren, Warm Spring, and Edwardsburg country.
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 01 Feb. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. May 31, 1917, Page 1
Idaho County Is Now Ready For Registration Tuesday, June 5
Local Machinery for Army Conscription Ready – No Way to Get Around the Law
Although one of the largest counties in the United States as well as most inaccessible, Sheriff Yates of the registration board now announces Idaho county is ready for registration day, June 5. The last supplies have been sent out and by this time all of the special messengers dispatched early last week should have arrived at their destinations. There are just fifty precincts in Idaho county and to reach some of them requires a journey of several hundred miles, the trip being most hazardous and a portion of it requiring snow shoes. However, Sheriff Yates and Auditor Eimers, realizing the condition, have worked night and day to see that the law would be carried out and now announce all machinery is in place, oiled up and ready for business.
No Way to Beat the Law
Last week this paper published complete information as to answering the questions which will be asked, etc. and does not feel it is necessary to go into details again. However, one fact should be impressed upon every male inhabitant of Idaho county between the ages of 21 and 30, inclusive and that is this: If you fail to register the penalty for violation is plain as well as severe. A year in prison and then out and into the army. There is just one thing to do and that is go and register like a man. No quibbling and no evasion. Step up and do your duty or suffer the penalty. No local officers, political pull or influence can save you.
Who the Registrars Are
We publish below a list of the registrars of the various precincts of the county who will be found in most instances at the regular polling places:
[partial list]
Warm Springs – S. E. Gerber
Warren – Geo. L. Patterson
Edwardsburg – W. A. Edwards
Johnson Creek – Albert C. Behne
In its campaign to stimulate interest in registration the war department has issued a memorandum emphasizing the seven cardinal points to be remembered particularly by men between the ages of 21 and 30 inclusive, who will be required to register. The memorandum follows:
1 – There is only one day for registration – June 5, 1917.
2 – Every male resident of the United States who has reached his 21st and has not reached his 31st birthday must register on the day set, June 5, 1917.
Doesn’t Affect Enlisted Men
The only exceptions are person is the military or naval service of the United States, which includes all officers and enlisted men of the regular army, the regular army reserve, the officers’ reserve corps, the enlisted reserve corps, the national guard and national guard reserve, recognized by the militia bureau of the war department; the navy, the marine corps, the coast guard and the naval militia, the naval reserve force, the marine corps reserve and the national volunteers, recognized by the navy department.
3 – Registration is distinct from draft. No matter what just claim you have for exemption, you must register.
4 – Registration is a public duty. For those not responsive to the sense of this duty the penalty of imprisonment, not fine, is provided in the draft act.
Illness is no Excuse
5 – Those who through sickness shall be unable to register should cause a representative to apply to the county or city clerk for a copy of the registration card. The clerk will give instructions as to how this card should be filled out. The card should then be mailed by the sick person, or delivered by his agent, to the registrar of his home district. The sick person will enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope for the return to him of his registration certificate.
Get Registration Card
6 – Any person who expects to be absent from his voting precinct on registration day should apply as soon as practicable for a registration card to the county clerk of the county where he may be stopping, or, if he is in a city of over 20,000, to the city clerk. The clerk will record the answers on the card and turn it over to the absentee. The absentee should mail this card to the registrar of his home district so that it will reach that official by registration day. A self-addressed, stamped envelope should be enclosed with the card to insure the return to the absentee of a registration certificate.
7 – Registration booths will be open from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. on registration day, June 5, 1917.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 31 May 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Idaho Recorder. September 14, 1917, Page 4
Notice of Publication
Serial No 010554
Department of the Interior, U. S. Land Office at Hailey, Idaho, August 27, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that Archie C. Bacon of Edwardsburg, Idaho, who, on November 10, 1911, made Homestead Entry, Serial No. 010554, for E 1/2 NW 1/4, SW 1/4 NW 1/4, section 25; SE 1/4, NE 1/4, section 26, township 21 north, range 12 east, Boise Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make final five-year proof, to establish claim to the land above described, before Allen C. Merritt, U. S. Commissioner, at Salmon, Idaho, on the 1st day of October, 1917.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Dave Lewis, John Routson, Joseph Elliott, all of Edwardsburg, Idaho; George Yardly of Salmon, Idaho
Ben R. Gray, Register.
source: The Idaho Recorder. (Salmon City, Idaho), 14 Sept. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Evening Capital News., November 18, 1917, Page 6
Society News
Visitor From Edwardsburg
Mrs. William Annesley Edwards of Edwardsburg, Idaho, is the house guest of her sister, Mrs. George L. Patterson, of 1115 Bannock street. Mrs. Edwards is accompanied by her son, Napier Edwards, who spends a part of his time in Macon, Ga., attending school and visiting his grandfather, Hendley V. Napier of Napier Place. Mrs. Edwards and her son will leave in a few days for the coast, where they will spend the winter.
source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 18 Nov. 1917.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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1940 Edwardsburg
source: Metsker Maps, Page 074 – Township 21 N., Range 9 E., Idaho National Forest, Big Creek, Mt. Eldridge, Edwardsburg From Valley County 1940, Idaho
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1917 Valley County Created
Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series Number 342 September 1996
Before its creation by a legislative act of February 26, 1917, lands that became Valley County had, at one time or another, been included in Alturas (only a very small portion), Boise, Idaho, and Lemhi counties. With a number of mountains and valleys remote from settled areas, much of Valley County’s geography was not understood at all accurately, so some of its antecedent boundaries were rather strange. An early general plan to place Upper Salmon areas (along with Upper Boise drainage) in Alturas County, but assign all Upper Payette streams to Boise County, and Lower Salmon territory to Idaho County, had some exceptions. These lasted until a considerable transfer to Lemhi County affected later Valley County, January 10, 1873. But by January 21, 1885, practically all of Valley County’s later area was in Idaho County. Then Boise County regained its Payette territory, January 15, 1887. That general pattern continued until Valley County came three decades later. A series of four maps, however, is required to indicate those changes following an initial Idaho and Boise County split (44°30′) that Idaho’s legislature retained, February 4, 1864. (An 1885 error in county boundary codification accounts for a statutory transfer of all Boise County’s portion. That blunder doubtless was ignored until it was corrected two years later.) Continued inclusion of remote areas including places like Payette Lake in Boise County after Long Valley was settled and developed, clearly was inappropriate, but reasonable adjustments came slowly.
source: Publications — 450 N. 4th Street, Boise, ID 83702-
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1864 Idaho Territory Map
1895 State of Idaho Map
Link to large size 1895 Map
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History of Valley County
Link to Valley County Official Website
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Further Reading
Link to Edwardsburg News (Part 1) 1909-1911
Link to Edwardsburg News (Part 2) 1912
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 3) 1913
Link to Edwardsburg News (Part 4) Jan-June 1914
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 5) July-Dec 1914
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 6) 1915
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 7) 1916
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 8) 1917
Link to Edwardsburg News (part 9 of 9) 1918-1925
Link to Big Creek / Edwardsburg History Index Page
Link to Valley County Centennial
Offsite:
Link to Metsker Maps Maps of Valley County 1940
Link to Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
This incredible database is searchable by State, time period and “keyword” (like “Edwardsburg”)
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page updated January 16, 2024
Edwardsburg News
(Part 7) 1916
Edwardsburg
(undated)
source: page 41, “The King’s Pines of Idaho; a story of the Browns of McCall” by Grace Edgington Jordan 1961
— — — — — — — — — —
This is a series of news clippings from Idaho papers mentioning Edwardsburg, Idaho, and is intended to provides a snapshot into the lives of our early pioneers.
The settlement of Logan was located up Logan creek near the mines and consisted of log cabins that served as cook house, hotel and blacksmith shop. A few years later Edwardsburg was founded by William and Annie Edwards, with their son Napier, when they built their house further down the creek and moved the post office. The Edwards came to Idaho from Georgia in 1903. At that time this area was part of Idaho County. In 1917 the area was mapped into the newly created Valley County.
The first Post Office was established August 17, 1904 called Logan with William Edwards as postmaster. Renamed Edwardsburg on February 25, 1909, then it was discontinued on January 14, 1918, with the mail going to Warren. The Edwards’ mail then came from Crawford (later Cascade), to Yellow Pine and on to Profile to Sam Willson’s. The Profile post office was established July 11, 1914, with Earl W. Willson as postmaster. The first and only road into the Big Creek area went over Elk Summit, splitting at the top, one fork going down to the Edwards and Moscow Mine on Logan Creek and the second fork went down Smith Creek to the mines on Big Creek.
References:
Jack Walker, Logan Creek (personal tour)
“The King’s Pines of Idaho; a story of the Browns of McCall” by Grace Edgington Jordan, 1961 (21 megs) Link
Valley County Post Offices, IDAHGP Link
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1909 Idaho Map
Showing Logan and vicinity and the old wagon road to Elk Summit
Link to larger zoomable size
source: American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection
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Idaho County Free Press. February 10, 1916, Page 2
Edwardsburg
(Special Correspondence)
The recent storms have made the delivery of mail an uncertain as well as difficult task. The contractor between Warren and McCall has had more difficulties than the Edwardsburg contractor as his is a flat rate with parcel post all the year while the Edwardsburg line has one hundred pound limit during the winter. With the breaking up of the snow in the spring and the congested parcel post the Edwardsburg mail will be difficult to handle when the contractor has to go on his twice a week schedule with all parcel post to be delivered.
The Brewer office has been discontinued owing to the sudden death of Mrs. Crosby Brewer. The Edwardsburg mail has no intermediate office now between Warren and Edwardsburg and comes direct to the terminus within three days. The Clover office has no service and mail for that section is being stored at the Edwardsburg office. The Profile contract was advertised in the fall but no contract let, although it is generally believed mail for Edwardsburg will come that way as soon as the wagon road is completed. That would give a much quicker outlet to the camp and be of inestimable benefit.
The Seattle Co. that has the Hanson-Call Antimony mine under bond has a crew of men getting out ore for shipment to Chicago. This antimony runs sixty per cent and is a paying proposition from the outset.
Chas. Mahan and L. L. Rice of Spokane have organized the Ramey Mining Co. and Mr. Mahan has a crew at work driving a long tunnel to tap the ore exposed on the surface. Mr. Mahan is a capable mill man as was demonstrated last summer when he with W. A. Edwardsburg and Theo. Van Meter made a test run on the Sunday mine and shipped concentrates to the Salt Lake smelters.
Mitt Haney a well known trapper has caught a genuine black fox and now the Chamberlain country is looking for that kind of fur.
John Routson Jr. has killed eleven bear and DAve Lewis will get out in the early spring to see wht he can do in his section. The bear were very plentiful last fall and were killed around many of the ranch houses in the lower Big creek country.
Freeman Nethkin is at work on his ground up Logan creek and the first of Feb. will return to his cattle ranch on Middle Fork.
William Mitchell who has given up mining for ranching spent a few days at Profile the first of the year.
Theodore Van Meter and Crosby Brewer have been at work at the Copper Camp and will be joined by Wm. A. Edwards in a few days. This famous old mine is showing up high grade ore in the Black Bear tunnel and will be a producer yet. Copper continues to soar and this gives renewed hope to the owners of this mine who have, in spite of difficulties continued to develop their property. With the completion of the long tunnel the numerous ore bodies will be tapped and enormous tonnage assured.
The Edwardsburg wagon rod is in need of repair especially the bridge near the summit. Seven miles of this road were built some years since by William A. Edwards for the Eagle Mining Co. and in one place cuts through forty feet of solid rock. If the county will accept this road and put in in repair or even help to do so the mail contractor will consider putting on an auto truck for the parcel post and the camp will, at least, have good mail service to say nothing of the prospective buyers who would be attracted to this rich section by the easy access this road would furnish. Moneyed men don’t like or will they often take these long, hard trips over the summit but they will consider investing in a section where they are able personally investigate their holdings.
For the hunter or the fisherman this is paradise and during the run of salmon there could be no more delightful sport than to spear them on the riffles. At the head of Big Creek they spawn, then die and the gardens of this section are enriched by the decaying flesh that is packed on burroughs [sic] for that purpose. When hard head cabbage were in abundance the South Fork gardens were in their infancy and yet there they have almost perpetual summer in comparison to the long, snowy season of the hills. In spite of the deep snow and the hanging icicles there is a touch of spring in the air today and already the dreariness of the winter is forgotten in the thought of the open season when they days are long and the nights all too short for the sleep that comes to us who travel the trail over the hills for work or pleasure.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 10 Feb. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Evening Capital News., March 07, 1916, Page 5, Page 5
Personals
C. E. Sackett of Edwardsburg, Idaho, is among the guests at the Pacific hotel.
source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 07 March 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Grangeville Globe. March 30, 1916, Page 5
Republican Convention
A meeting of the Republicans of Idaho county, is hereby called to convene at the court house at Grangeville on Saturday, April 15, 1916, at 10:30 o’clock a.m. for the purpose of choosing eighteen delegates to the Republican state convention at Twin Falls, Idaho, April 20, 1916. The various precincts are entitled to delegates as follows:
[partial list]
Johnsons Creek 1
Warm Springs 1
Warren 1
Edwardsburg 1
The Republicans of each precinct are requested to meet at some convenient place in their respective precinct on Monday, April 10, 1916, to elect delegates to represent their respective precinct at the county convention and to give the delegates such instructions as they may desire.
By order of Executive Committee.
S. A. Anderson, Chairman
Harold Harris, Secretary
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 30 March 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Wallace Miner. April 06, 1916, Page 7, Page 7
Salmon River Gold
Work On Big Ledge
Prospector Tells About His Work In Remote Section On Promising Claims
(Lewiston Tribune)
George W. Laufer arrived at Asotin last week from the Big Creek mining district near Edwardsburg in the Salmon river country in the southern part of Idaho county, after an absence of 21 months from Asotin. He reported that there is much activity in the mines in that section and that many important developments will take place during the next year, as rich deposits and prospects are being discovered in several places. He said that the Ramy [sic] Ridge Mining company will put in a smelter and milling plant this year and that Charles Mahan will put in a mill this summer which will employ between 40 and 50 men. He sated:
Boom in Mining
“The Big Creek district is on a creek tributary to the south fork of the Salmon river and is mountainous, having for its principal industries those of stock raising and mining. Mining has taken on a boom lately and such places as Warren’s camp and Marshall Lake are once more presenting the lively appearance of the olden times when the big rush into the Salmon river country for placer claims was at its high tide. Nowadays, there is still a little placer mining done but the larger part by far is the quartz mining.
Has Big Vein
“The value of the ore in this section is variable and I will quote the figures from our own prospect rather than from any other because I have seen and have samples of the ore. The ore for the entire width of the vein, which is 200 feet, with country rock between several layers of quartz, averages $5 to the ton. On spur veins we ran into some ore which was worth $250 per ton and both gold and silver were prominent in it. When a spur vein of this character was opened, we selected chunks of the ore, hammered them into small pieces, put them in sacks and sent them to the smelter to obtain money for a grub stake and running expenses. We had no trouble in opening enough of these spur veins, or grub stakes as we called them to supply us. Our property is called the ‘Way Up Mine,’ as it is high upon the mountain, having an elevation of 8500 feet.
Hundred Miles on Skis
“We had a fair winter with no unusual weather. There is 7 feet of snow at the mine and 12 feet 2 or 3 miles away. These depth were the average and are attained every winter, which makes it necessary for everyone to travel on skis or snowshoes. I traveled 100 miles on skiis [sic] when I came out, starting from Edwardsburg and going to the south fork of the Salmon, traveling down it to the Big Salmon and the town of Lucile. I then came to Grangeville, a distance of 40 miles.”
source: The Wallace Miner. (Wallace, Idaho), 06 April 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. April 20, 1916, Page 1
Strenuous Winter In Edwardsburg and Warren
Bothered in the Carrying of Mail – Residents Are Active – News of the District.
(Special Correspondence)
Edwardsburg, Idaho, April 17.
The snows of March and February worked great hardships upon the people of the Warren and Edwardsburg section for much of the time there was little going out from Warren and virtually no parcel post. The contractor on the McCall-Warren line is supposed to carry parcel post all the year round but early in the winter the trails were so blocked by the snow that for one month there was no letter mail from the outside world and there was something of a food famine. B. O Dustan with the exception of one trip when the snow was cracking everywhere and the carrier did not dare risk his life delivered the mail on time. This is a wonderful record and the department should bear in the future. The chief handicap the Edwardsburg office has is in the small limit allowed for the weekly winter mail. Starting with 100 pounds from Warren the carrier delivers about fifty at the terminus of the line. It was intended when the contract was let that Edwardsburg should have one hundred pounds per trip but the wording of the contract is such that we get just about fifty. This under ordinary conditions gives us our letters, papers, magazines and an accational [sic] small package. With the awakening of this camp this summer something will have to be done about better mail facilities for the men who are opening up this great undeveloped district.
News Notes of District
Chas. Mahan is in Spokane relative to his Ramey Ridge Mining Co. Mr. Mahan intends erecting a mill, saw mill and doing extensive development work on his property on Ramey Creek.
D. C. McRae who is working the old Dewey mine at Roosevelt is spending a few days at Edwardsburg.
Jacob Janson who was critically ill during the early part of February has recivered [sic] sufficiently to make his monthly trip to Edwardsburg for mail. Messrs Eric and Jacob Janson have a small mill upon their Crooked Creek property and will become one of the Big Creek producers. This property is ideally situated as the altitude there is considerably lower than Edwardsburg and all kinds of garden stuff is grown, this would be quite an item in the economical working of this mine.
Theo. Van Meter who has been spending the greater portion of he winter at Edwardsburg has returned to Yellow Pine. In May he will resume work at the Copper Camp where he is driving the Black Bear tunnel.
Chas. Ellison who spent the winter with William A. Edwards is at work on the famous Red Metal Mine at Profile where he will resume his shipments of high grade ore as soon as the trails open. There were more ounces of silver shipped from this property last summer than from the balance of Idaho County combined but the State Mine Inspector failed to make note of this producer.
Joe Davis is spending the spring with Tom Carrey on his South Fork ranch.
Frank Smith one of the original settlers of the Warren, South Fork country has sold his ranch to Mr. Miller of Oregon. Mr. Smith will be greatly missed by his friends for he is one of the most substantial men of this entire section, unswervingly loyal to his friends and a man to be depended upon at all times. Since Mrs. Smith’s tragic death last winter Mr. Smith has spent little of his time at his home but has lived iwth his daughter in Oregon.
William A. Edwards is spending a short time on the South Fork with Crosby Brewer.
Earl Willson who spent the winter visiting his relatives in Oregon and California has returned to his mine at Profile. Mr. Willson is the postmaster at Profile and hopes to see that office with a regular service this fall. It would be a great convenience to have that line extended to Edwardsburg for it takes as long to send a letter around by Warren to Profile as to the European war zone. Under the existing conditions a letter to Boise takes over 30 days in transit and we are blessed to have it go at all.
O. M. Abel and his sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Bellingham who have the greater portion of the Caswell ranch at the lower end of Big Creek are doing extensive cultivating of their place. Mr. Abel has been greatly handicapped by the persistent efforts to contest his patent but the matter seems now to have died a natural death as such things generally do and it is to be hoped he and Mrs. Bellingham will be let alone to develop their property as quickly as possible for it is hard enough to have to live in these hills without any hindrances put in ones way.
John M. Condon who has built a cabin at the upper end of the Big Creek flat has been in Warren all winter.
Chas. Sackett has gone to Boise on business but will return early in July to drive out his cattle. Mr. Sackett is giving up his ranch in Chamberlain.
W. A Gaines has taken up the ranch on Disappointment Creek and last fall brought in cattle from Montana. He had wonderful luck considering he had no hay but his place lies to the south and the snow quickly goes even in the depth of winter. That Chamberlain country will be a great cattle section in time when [?] better known by those who are willing to endure the hardships of such a life.
Bert Stump who some years ago lived at what is now the Dave Lewis place is wintering on the breaks of the Salmon river. Mr. Stump like all these who come to the hills for a while, then leave, vowing never to return, has found his way back, this time to remain. If we could but realize the advantages that are ours while we have them how much more contended [sic] we might be and what fewer regrets we might have when the final summing up comes.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 20 April 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Grangeville Globe. July 27, 1916, Page 2
Notice of Registration
Giving the names and general description of election precincts and location of each polling place in Idaho County, State of Idaho, for the Primary Elections to be held Tuesday, September 5, 1916, and the General Election to be held Tuesday, November 7, 1916.
Notice is hereby given that pursuant to law and the order of the Board of County Commissioners of the County of Idaho, State of Idaho, made July 11th and 12th, 1916, application may be made by the elector desiring to be registered in the county wherein he resides to the registration officers hereinafter designated within Idaho county, State of Idaho, at any time up to nine o’clock p.m., August 6, 1916, and at any time after September 5, 1916, up to nine o’clock October 8, 1916 (provided that no elector shall be registered on Sunday or any legal holiday.)
All Justices of the Peace, Notaries of Public and the Clerk of the District Court within the County of Idaho, State of Idaho, are registration officers and they shall receive and hear all applications for registration and register all legal qualified voters whenever application shall be made to them as herein set forth.
It is not necessary for any elector who has registered and voted at the last general election to register again for any general or special election unless such shall have removed his residence from another county or shall have failed to vote at the last general election.
The following are the names and general description of election precincts and the location of each polling place:
[partial list]
Edwardsburg
The Edwardsburg precinct is created from the following described territory to-wit” Yellow Pine, Ramey Ridge, Big creek and Thunder mountain mining district.
Polling place: P. O. Building
Warren
Warren precinct shall include all the territory in Idaho county, south of a line running due east and west through the mouth of Long Gulch which is not embraced in Roosevelt and Big creek precincts, also commencing at the junction of Rock creek and the South Fork of Salmon river; thence up Rock creek in an easterly direction to the divide between Big creek and the east fork of the South Fork of the Salmon river to the headwaters of Last Chance or Sugar creek; thence in a northerly direction to the junction of Big creek and Beaver creek; thence up said Beaver creek to Mosquito Springs; thence southerly to the mouth of Five Mile creek on main Salmon river; thence down Salmon river to the mouth of the South Fork of the Salmon river, thence up said South Fork of the Salmon river to the place of beginning; excepting the boundaries embraced in Yellow Pine, Ramey Ridge, Big creek and Thunder Mountain mining district.
Polling place: School House
Warm Springs
Shall include all the territory south of Salmon river which is drained by the waters of Secesh and Lake creeks, and which lies north of the line running due east and west through the mouth of Long Gulch in Idaho county, Idaho; save and except that portion of the said territory out of which Marshall Lake precinct has been formed.
Polling place: Burgdorf Hotel
Johnson’s Creek
Commencing at the Junction of Rock creek and the south fork of Salmon river, thence following the south side of said Rock creek in an easterly direction to the divide between Big creek and the east fork of the south fork of Salmon river to the head waters of Last Chance of Sugar creek; thence in a southerly direction to the head waters of Trapper creek, the south side of Trapper creek, through thence in a westerly direction following to Pen Basin and on the South Fork of the Salmon river, thence in a northerly direction to the junction of Rock creek and the South Fork of Salmon river and place of beginning.
Polling place: Post Office
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 27 July 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. August 10, 1916, Page 3
Great Mining Activity In South Part Of Idaho County, Says R. N. Bell
Poor Roads Greatest Drawback to Progress in That Section, He Says in Statement
“Greater mining activity is at present apparent in the southern part of Idaho county than at any time in years,” says Robert N. Bell, state mine inspector, who is just home from a tour of inspection through western and northern section of the state. “The greatest drawback to the progress of the mining district in the county is the poor roads,” he added.
“Activity in mining development was seen throughout the entire region visited on my trip. At Logan creek between the Moscow and the Independence groups B. F. Goldman has recently financed the development of the “Gold King Group” of claims owned by himself and Dan MacRae [sic]. He is now working a force of six men.
“The Allison group at Profile creek has a small shipment of 400 ounces of silver ore ready for the market, and several other local operators, including the veteran “Profile Sam” Willson are busy with assessment development work.
“At Rainey [sic] Ridge the Mattey Mahan group is working a small crew and the company operating it is reported to have purchased a small quartz mill to be installed this season.
“The big Independence lode has been bonded to New York capitalists. An expert engineer is due to arrive there shortly for a thorough investigation of its possibilities.
Full Crews Working
“At Warrens the Standard Mining company is working a crew of 20 men and crushing about 20 tons of ore a day from Rescue vein.
“The Unity Mines company, also at Warren, is working a crew of six men by hand on a 2000 foot tunnel that will tap the Little Giant vein below the old works. An up-to-date plant of air drilling machinery has been purchased for this work and is now en route to Idaho. When the machinery has been installed it is the purpose of the company to double the size of the crew and push the tunnel through to an early completion.
“A deal has recently been consummated for the Virgin areas of the Warren Creek Meadows, and I am informed that the ground is shortly to be redrilled with a view of installing a 2000 yard dredge.
“Drilling is also reported in progress at the lower Grouse Creek Meadows. Drilling there is being done for the purpose of determining whether or not a dredge can be profitably installed.
“At Bear Creek 12 miles north of Resort, the Fox & Brigg mine is working a crew of 30 men on road construction and foundation work preparatory to the building of a saw mill and a good sized quartz mill. This mine has a splendid resource of high grade gold ore already developed and awaiting reduction.”
The mine inspector believes the entire mining district in the southern part of Idaho county is being held back because of poor roads. The forest reserve officials are doing all they can to open up better highways through that section of the state, he says, in addition to keep up a telephone line through Chamberlain Basin.
Snow Almost Gone
“Five thousand dollars,” said the inspector, “would make the road from McCall to South Fork passable for automobiles, while $25,000 would transform the present road from McCall to Edwardsburg into a boulevard with a very easy grade.”
The snow, he added, was almost all gone in that section, even from the highest summits.
“The Edwardsburg road passes through a most picturesque, heavily timbered canyon and one of the best game countries of the state, rich in a variety of promising mineral that must eventually result in material advantage to the business interests of southwestern Idaho,” Bell declared. “The state can well afford to improve this road and make the country especially on the north shore of Payette lake, where it is the principal land owners. The state holdings embrace the most difficult portion of the entire road.”
Inspector Bell’s trip took him to one of the most remote sections of the state. It was made at the request of and at the expense of James F. McCarthy of Wallace, president of the Idaho Mining association, which is attempting to divert the attention of some responsible capital to the central Idaho mining district. Bell has at different times called attention to the opportunities for some big gold mining development in that section, and because of his knowledge of the country was asked to guide a party through the district.
Great Possibilities
This section when opened up, the mining inspector says, is going to prove a stimulating factor in the commercial advancement of Boise and other towns in southwestern Idaho.
“The primary object of the trip was the sampling and valuation of the Moscow group of claims on Logan creek, near Edwardsburg, and the Mammoth group of claims at Copper Camp and Big creek, 20 miles further east. The visit to that district embraced a review of the more interesting development north of the Moscow group, including the Laufer & Davis, Gold King, Fairview, Independent [sic] and Blaine mines.
“I accompanied Paul Billingsly, examining engineer, who had full charge of the party. He is an active and practical mining geologist attached to the staff of the Anaconda Copper company at Butte. He was assisted during our trip by George Fowler, also of the Anaconda company’s engineering staff.
“The Moscow group of claims covering a lode, or zone, of gold ore 200 feet thick with 600 feet of underground development, was thoroughly sampled and its geological environments and relations studied and platted in close detail with a view of reporting on the feasibility of its extensive development and equipment. The average values of this great body of mineral is believed to run about $3 in gold to the ton. This ore is susceptible to cheap reduction on the ground by modern cyanide and other milling methods.
“The rugged nature of the country and its remoteness from railroad transportation are the principal drawbacks to the successful treatment of low grade ore values in this region. But the advantages of gravity handling, abundance of water power sites and the magnificent resources of timber are a material offset to the isolation of the region. If the detailed analysis we made of the properties indicate a reasonable margin of profit in prospecting on a large scale, some extensive developments will probably be made for the purpose of determining the staying qualities of the gold values at a further depth. A larger tonnage capacity would necessarily have to result to make such low average values warrant the installation of expensive milling machinery.
“Billingsly and his assistant made the trip from Butte to Boise in an automobile. We went by the way of the Payette lakes after leaving Boise. From the lakes we drove with a team to South Fork and Horseback, and then continued into the Big Creek country. En route we investigated the copper ore deposits in the Mammoth and Black Bear groups located 12 miles below Edwardsburg. We extended the trip on down to Crooked creek opposite Monumental, where our party was entertained by the Janson brothers and shown by them over their recent new strike a rich gold ore. Their holdings embrace a persistent fissure vein in basic granite ranging from six inches to a width of several feet and a mile in length, which exhibited some splendid specimens of gold ore in one tunnel at a face depth of 100 feet. Selected samples from this tunnel run several thousand dollars to the ton, while a two-foot pay streak gave an average milling test of $100 a ton when run through a stamp prospecting mill.
Surveys Made by Men
“A hurried survey was made of the most rugged and isolated section of central Idaho we covered on the trip by Billingsly. During our investigations we were led through the wildest expanse of the great Idaho granite batholith. The engineer carefully platted the immediate drainage and geology of the route we took. The most striking feature of his work was the discovery of the thickest cross section of a typical Prichard slate formation ever mapped or recognized.
“This is the basal member of the Coeur d’Alene series of ancient pre-Crambrian [sic] sediments which have cut such an economic figure as an ore carrier and divided producer in our northern district during the past two years. These highly alteed [sic] states standing at a very steep angle extend from Edwardsburg to Copper Camp, 12 miles below. They are bounded to the east and west by ore bearing granite, and exhibit a structural cross section of between 15,000 and 20,000, and are worthy of a more detailed areal survey to determine their economic possibilities as a probably source of profitable ore.”
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 10 Aug. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Grangeville Globe. August 10, 1916, Page 3
Commissioners In Regular Session
[…] In the matter of the primary and general election to be held on Tuesday September 5th, 1916, and Tuesday Nov. 7th, 1916,. It is hereby ordered that the Auditor and Clerk of the board purchase all necessary supplies for the primary and general election to be held on Tuesday Sept. 5th, 1916 and Tuesday November 7th, 1916, including tickets, booths and ballot boxes, and it is further ordered that the following named persons be and they are hereby appointed to serve as judges in their respective precincts in Idaho County. The board here selected the polling place and election judges as follow to-wit:
[partial list]
Warren – Polling Place: School House. George Pattterson, Daniel Smith, Jay A. Czizek, judges.
Edwardsburg – Polling Place: P. O. Building. J. B. Elliott, Andy Kavenaugh, William A. Edwards, judges.
Johnson Creek – Polling Place: Post Office. A. C. Behne, C. G. Hanson, S. A. Welley, judges.
Warm Spring – Polling Place: Burgdorf Hotel. Fed Burgdorf, Alex Beaton, R. L. Tuttle, judges.
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 10 Aug. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. August 24, 1916, Page 1
Returns From Trip To Mountain Section
Sheriff Yates Back From Official Trip to Warren & Edwardsburg Country
People Need Good Roads
Country Only Needs Better Transportation for Rapid Development – Mines Active and Showing Good
Sheriff Lafe Yates returned this week from a trip to Edwardsburg and Warren where he attended to official business of his office. Lafe has not visited the section for some years and met old friends and acquaintances whom he had not seen for years. He was also much impressed with the marked improvement in the conditions in that section which of late years has been wrought by the miners and settlers on homesteads in the battles to reclaim the wilds.
The people are alive to the great present and future possibilities of the section, Mr. Yates states, and their every plan is to hasten the day when the future will repay them for the hardships they have endured, remote and removed from transportation as they are at present. And all that hinders [?] rapid progress and improvement, which is first grasped by the visitor, and as Lafe stated, is lack of good roads and appropriations for good roads. And the first step to help in this direction would be the building of the north and south highway, which in itself would tend to stimulate the building of tributary roads that will connect up with this highway.
Those who have homesteads in the section and others who have invested time, money and labor in the mining projects of the country have devoted every resource in their power for the building of roads and trails to facilitate transportation, carrying of the mails and communication with outside points. The burden is more then they alone can bear and they need other assistance from the state and county at large. Lafe’ travels in the mountains have converted him into a live good-roads enthusiast.
In the way of news of the sections visited by Sheriff Yates, he states that there is considerable activity in all the mining camps, and at Edwardsburg he found Mr. and Mrs. Edwards comfortably located on their homestead. Development work is going ahead on the properties of the district. Andy Cavanaugh [sic], an old timer, is doing work on this property on Logan creek. The owners of the Independence are also developing their property. Others are equally active in that district.
At Warren the camp is very active at the present time, the only properties being worked being the Rescue, which is working about thirty men, and the Little Giant, which is working a small crew, under the direction of its manager, Jay Czizek. Others are doing extensive development work in the Warren district and a boom is on there.
At Resort a crew is busy on the Mt. Marshall property pushing development work. The old Fox property, which was bonded for $25,000 some time ago, is being developed under the direction of the new owners, with a purpose of soon installing a mill and commencing active operations. They have $200,000 of high grade ore blocked out at the present time. Holt, who has charge of the old Fox property, has also been busy putting the road in shape from Meadows to McCall which will facilitate the transportation of mining machinery which is to be installed.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 24 Aug. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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Idaho County Free Press. August 31, 1916, Page 3
Restoration to Entry of Lands in National Forest
Notice is hereby given that the lands described below, embracing 35.03 acres, within the Idaho National Forest Idaho, will be subject to settlement and entry under the provisions of the homestead laws of the United States and the act of June 11, 1906 (34 Stat., 233), at the United States land office at Hailey, Idaho, on October 31, 1916. Any settler who was actually and in good faith claiming any of said lands for agricultural purpose prior to January 1, 1906, and has not abandoned same, has a preference right to make a homestead entry for the lands actually occupied. Said lands were listed upon the application of the persons mentioned below, who have a preference right subject to the prior right of any such settler, provided such settler or applicant is qualified to make homestead entry and the preference right is exercised prior to October 31, 1916, on which date the lands will be subject to settlement and entry by any qualified person.
A tract of 157.65 acres, within what will probably be when surveyed Secs. 2 and 3, T. 23 N., R. 12 E., B. M., described as follows: Beginning at Corner No. 1 of H. E. S. No. 298; extending thence S. 69 degrees 07 minutes E., 14 chs.; thence S. 20 degrees 53 minutes W., 79.70 chs.; thence N. 69 degrees 07 minutes W., 24 chs.; thence N. 20 degrees 53 minutes E., 46.05 chs.; thence S. 69 degrees 07 minutes E., 10 chs.; thence N. 20 degrees 53 minutes E., 33.75 chs., to the place of beginning, except those portions heretofore restored under Lists 742 and 4-480, the net area hereby listed being 35.03 acres, application of Jesse Root, Edwardsburg, Idaho; List 4-1998.
August 17, 1916, D. K. Parrott, Acting Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office.
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 31 Aug. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
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The Grangeville Globe. August 31, 1916, Page 6
Notice of Forfeiture
To M. M. Kinsinger, heirs or assigns:
Each and every of you are hereby notified that we have expended during the years 1910-11-12-13-14-15, the sum of $1200 in labor on the Snow Shoe No. 1 and the Snow Shoe No. 2 quartz mining claims located in the Big Creek Mining district, Idaho county, State of Idaho, which said labor was made by the affiants for the purpose and in order to hold the said mining claims under the provisions of Section 2324, revised statutes of the United States, and being the amount required to hold said claims for the above mentioned years, and if within ninety (90) days after the publication of this notice you fail to contribute your proportion, two hundred ($200.00) dollars, together with the cost of this publication, your interest in said claims will become the property of the undersigned, under the provisions of said section 2325, of the revised statutes of the United States.
Dated August 31, 1916. Jacob Janson, Erick Janson, Edwardsburg, Ida.
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 31 Aug. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —
Idaho County Free Press. September 14, 1916, Page 1
Official Canvass of Primary Returns Shows No Great Changes
The official canvass of the primary election vote was completed Wednesday of this week with the exception of the Big Butte and Edwardsburg precincts which were not in and which will not affect the results to any great extent. There were 1,667 votes cast in the primary. […]
source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho Territory), 14 Sept. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —
The Grangeville Globe. November 16, 1916, Page 1
Are Now Canvassing Vote
Expect to Finish This Evening. No Material Changes Have Been Made from the Unofficial Returns
The board of county commissioners, composed of Messrs. Pettibone, Long and Rice, convened Tuesday morning and began the canvass of the vote of Idaho county cast on November 7. Under the present law, as we understand it, the canvass must begin within eight days from date of election. While the returns are not all in yet, the Edwardsburg precinct not having yet been heard from, the count was commenced at proper date under the law, and will be closed as soon as the returns have been canvassed, which will probably be this evening. (Thursday.) So far nothing startling in the way of mistakes will in any way change the general results reached by the unofficial returns.
source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 16 Nov. 1916.
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —
The Grangeville Globe. December 07, 1916, Page 3
Final Figures Given By Canvassing Board
On Wednesday, the 15th of November, 1916, at the hour of 9 o’clock, the same being eight days after the general election of November 7th, the honorable board of county commissioners of Idaho county, met pursuant to law as a board of canvassers, in their clerk’s office in Grangeville, to canvas the votes cast at the general election, for representatives in congress, state, district, county and precinct officers, and to make abstracts thereof as required by law. Present, N. B. Pettibone, chairman; John D. Long and John N. Rice, commissioners John P. Eimers, clerk, by M. G. Rambo, deputy.
Returns having been received today from all the precincts excepting Edwardsburg, the board here proceeded to canvas the votes of the following precincts according to the sealed returns: Grangeville Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4; Fairview, Mt. Idaho, Lake, Big Butte, Fenn,
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The opening and closing chapters pay tribute to the pioneering leadership and scholarly accomplishments of Peter Brock a...
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https://ebin.pub/the-pacifist-impulse-in-historical-perspective-9781442682009.html
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Citation preview
THE PACIFIST IMPULSE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Peter Brock
The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective
Edited by H A R V E Y L. DYCK
U N I V E R S I T Y OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London
www.utppublishing.com © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1996 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN: 0-8020-0777-5
(S) Printed on acid-free paper
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: The pacifist impulse in historical perspective Essays in honour of Peter Brock, all but one of which were presented at an international conference on The pacifist impulse in historical perspective, in May, 1991 at the University of Toronto. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8020-0777-5 i. Pacifism - History - Congresses. I. Brock, Peter, 1920- . II. Dyck, Harvey L. (Harvey Leonard). JX1938.P33 1996 303.6'6 €95-932773-8
Frontis photo: Louisa Yick, Arts and Science Photographic Facility, University of Toronto
University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council and the Ontario Arts Council.
For Peter Brock on his seventy-fifth birthday 30 January 1995
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Contents
Preface ix Contributors xiii 1 H A R V E Y L. DYCK, Peter Brock as a Historian of World-wide Pacifism: An Appreciation 3 I. A P P R O A C H E S TO P E A C E HISTORY 2 MARTIN CEADEL, Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians 17 3 CHARLES CHATFIELD, Thinking about Peace in History 36 4 PETER VAN DEN DUNGEN, Jacob ter Meulen and Bart de Ligt as Pioneers of Peace History 52 II. CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS OF PACIFISM AND NON-RESISTANCE 5 LUISE SCHOTTROFF, Non-violence and Women's Resistance in Early Christianity 79 6 JOHN H. YODER, War as a Moral Problem in the Early Church: The Historian's Hermeneutical Assumptions 90 7 JAMES M. STAYER, Anabaptists and the Sword Revisited: The Trend from Radicalism to Apoliticism ill 8 DONALD F. DURNBAUGH, The Brethren and Nonresistance 125 9 HUGH B ARBOUR, The 'Lamb's War' and the Origins of the Quaker Peace Testimony 145 10 JACK D. MARIETTA, The Things That Make for Peace': The Context of Pacifism in Quaker Pennsylvania 159
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Contents
11 THOMAS C. KENNEDY, Quaker Women and the Pacifist Impulse in Britain, 1900-1920 182 12 IRWIN ABRAMS, The Quaker Peace Testimony and the Nobel Peace Prize 207 III. GANDHI AND THE INDIAN TRADITION OF N O N - V I O L E N C E 13 KLAUS K. K L O S T E R M A I E R , Himsa and Ahimsa Traditions in Hinduism 227 14 ROY C. AMORE, Peace and Non-violence in Buddhism 240 15 JAMES D. HUNT, Gandhi, Tolstoy, and the Tolstoyans 260 16 STEPHEN HAY, Gandhi's Non-violence: Metaphysical, Moral, Political and International Aspects 278 IV. PACIFISM AND P E A C E M O V E M E N T S IN THE M O D E R N W O R L D , 1890-1955 17 SANDI E. COOPER, The Reinvention of the 'Just War7 among European Pacifists before the First World War 303 18 MICHAEL A. LUTZKER, Themes and Contradictions in the American Peace Movement, 1895-1917 320 19 RICHARD A. REMPEL, Pacifism and Revolution: Bertrand Russell and Russia, 1914-1918 341 20 JO VELLACOTT, 'Transnationalism' in the Early Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 362 21 Y. A L E K S A N D R A BENNETT, A Question of Respectability and Tactics: Vera Brittain and Food Relief for Occupied Europe, 1941-1944 384 22 NORMAN INGRAM, Ambivalence in the Post-Second World War French Peace Movement, 1946-1952 397 23 THOMAS P. SOCKNAT, The Dilemma of Canadian Pacifists during the Early Cold War Years 413 Bibliography: Books and Articles on Peace History by Peter Brock 425 Index 429
Preface
This volume of twenty-three essays appears in recognition of the emergence of peace history as a relatively new and coherent field of learning. All but one of these essays were first presented at an international conference, The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective/ which met on the downtown campus of the University of Toronto in May 1991. The conference coincided with the landmark publication of a comprehensive three-volume history of pacifism to 1914 by Peter Brock, the doyen of peace history. Opening with an essay entitled Teter Brock as a Historian of World-wide Pacifism: An Appreciation/ this volume honours Brock's pioneering leadership and unmatched scholarly attainments in the field. Since their appearance early in this century, the words 'pacifist' and 'pacifism' have been used with various meanings, some of them contradictory. In the title of this book, 'pacifism' is taken to mean, in the words of Martin Ceadel, a belief that 'all participation in or support for war [isl wrong' (Thinking about Peace and War, Oxford, 1987). But some contributors use it in the broader sense of a 'doctrine that the abolition of war or violence is desirable and possible' (Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, seventh edition, 1982). Together these essays explore the ideas and activities, over two millennia, of persons and groups rejecting war and often urging nonviolent means of settling conflicts. They probe the limits and branches of pacifism and peace history, pacifist pioneering and the relationship of pacifism and internationalism, including its contemporary phase. The essays highlight new interpretations where various of these have emerged in recent studies. They address topics that have been previously neglected such as the role of women in peace thinking and
x
Preface
peace movements and the idea of peace in non-Western thought and religions. Reflecting some of the main areas of contemporary scholarship in peace history, the essays are grouped in four major thematic divisions. The three essays of Part I, 'Approaches to Peace History/ explore conceptual issues and approaches in peace history. The eight essays in Part II, 'Christian Traditions of Pacifism and Non-resistance/ range quite widely from the problem of non-violence and war in the Early Church through the non-resistant traditions of the Mennonites and Brethren from the sixteenth century onwards to aspects of the Quaker peace witness down to the present day. Part III, 'Gandhi and the Indian Tradition of Non-violence/ surveys violent and non-violent impulses in Hindu and Buddhist thought and practice as well as aspects of Gandhi's intellectual and moral formation and outlook. From the emergence of an international peace movement in 1815, the history of pacifism often became closely intertwined with the history of the broader movement advocating world peace. This intertwining is at the centre of the seven essays of Part IV, 'Pacifism and Peace Movements in the Modern World, 1890-1955.' The volume concludes with a bibliography of Peter Brock's scholarly contributions to peace history. There is an introduction to each of the parts that profiles the subjects of the individual essays and their relationship to one another. The idea for an international gathering of scholars working in peace history originated in a small group of University of Toronto faculty engaged in peace history within the Department of History and University College's Program in Peace and Conflict Studies. The organizing committee consisted of Harvey Dyck (co-chair), History, University of Toronto; Ingrid Epp, Library, University College, University of Toronto; William Klassen (co-chair), Principal, St Paul's United College, Waterloo, Ontario; Arthur Sherk, University College, University of Toronto; Thomas P. Socknat, History, University of Toronto; Metta Spencer, Sociology, University of Toronto; and William Westfall, History, Atkinson College, York University, Toronto. The editor and conference organizers thank Peter Brock for his friendly counsel and assistance at every stage of the undertaking. As well, they are grateful to the following individuals and institutions for their encouragement and financial support of the conference and of this publication: Conrad Grebel College, Waterloo, Ontario; Department of History, University of Toronto; Faculty of Arts and Science, University
Preface
X1
of Toronto; Shirley Farlinger, Toronto; Theodore Friesen, Altona, Manitoba; Good Foundation, Inc., Breslau, Ontario; Frieda and Vern Heinrichs, Toronto; Rosemarie and Victor Heinrichs, Toronto; Anne J. Konrad, Toronto; The Mennonite Central Committee (Ontario), Kitchener, Ontario; President and Provost, University of Toronto; Richard and Anne Rempel, Hamilton, Ontario; School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Ottawa; University College, University of Toronto; Louise Wolfenden, Toronto; Derek Wulff, Toronto. The index was prepared by Thomas P. Socknat. The efforts of Kate Baltais, Anne Forte, and Ron Schoeffel, of the University of Toronto Press, in seeing this book into print are warmly acknowledged. The University of Toronto conference provided a stimulating international forum for significant contemporary scholarship in the field of peace history. The editor and contributors nourish the hope that these proceedings will help to define and enrich this new and active field while pointing the way for fresh scholarly work in it.
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Contributors
Irwin Abrams is university professor emeritus of history at Antioch University, Yellow Springs, Ohio. Roy C. Amore is a professor of religious studies at the University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario. Hugh Barbour is professor emeritus of religion at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. Y. Aleksandra Bennett is an associate professor of history at Carleton University, Ottawa. Martin Ceadel is a fellow and tutor at New College, Oxford, and a lecturer in politics at the University of Oxford. Charles Chatfield is a professor of history at Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio. Sandi E. Cooper is a professor of history at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York. Donald F. Durnbaugh is a fellow of the Young Center for the Study of Anabaptist and Pietist Groups at Elizabeth town College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania. Harvey L. Dyck is a professor of history at the University of Toronto. Stephen Hay is emeritus professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. James D. Hunt is a professor of religion at Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Norman Ingram is an assistant professor of history at Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec. Thomas C. Kennedy is a professor of history at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
xiv
Contributors
Klaus K. Klostermaier is university distinguished professor of religion at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. Michael A. Lutzker is an associate professor of history at New York University, New York, New York. Jack D. Marietta is an associate professor of history at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Richard A. Rempel is a professor of history at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Luise Schottroff is a professor of theology at Kassel University, Kassel, Germany. Thomas P. Socknat teaches history and peace and conflict studies at the University of Toronto. James M. Stayer is a professor of history at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Peter van den Dungen is a lecturer in peace studies at the University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom. Jo Vellacott is an honorary fellow of the Simone de Beauvoir Institute of Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec. John H. Yoder is a professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
THE PACIFIST IMPULSE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
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1
Peter Brock as a Historian of World-wide Pacifism: An Appreciation H A R V E Y L. DYCK 1
It seems to me that the world is faced by three problems: war, overpopulation, and pollution. I can't write the history of overpopulation because I'm not a demographer. Pollution is something new and has a short history. But I feel I can perhaps contribute something to the history of peace. Mind you, I'm not saying that pacifists are the only people who contribute to peace, far from it.
In the living-room of his midtown Toronto duplex, Peter Brock, widely esteemed as the world's leading historian of worldwide pacifism, reflects on his recent scholarship. He does so typically with a self-deprecating aside. We are joined briefly by his wife, Carmen, a Quaker volunteer involved in the settlement of Central American refugees. The doorbell rings. A colleague deposits luggage for a mainland Chinese student who will live with the Brocks while he seeks permanent housing. An electrician repairs the range in the kitchen, a puzzling contrivance for Peter (who does not drive a car). I have caught the Brocks just before they leave for a month-long indulgence of a shared passion, cathedral hopping, this time in Portugal. Peter Brock has written sixteen noteworthy books and at least fifty major articles, and he has edited several important collections. His scholarship roams, in detailed monographs as well as sweeping syntheses, across a vast terrain of ages and cultures. While he is equally at home among the Fathers of the Christian Church in the early centuries AD and Gandhi's India, his studies are neither episodic nor meandering. They are tightly woven around two major and distinct, though overlapping, subjects. In both he has become a scholar without peer. Peter Brock is a pre-eminent authority on Polish and East European
4
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history. What is remarkable here is that his mastery extends to many different nationalities and that he has become highly respected for work in all of them. He is an historian of Poland but also of the Czechs, Kashubs, Hungarians, Slovaks, Sorbs, and Ukrainians.2 In each case he has been able to ferret out important patterns of their past from the sources. To do this he has also mastered all of their often difficult languages. Brock's writing concentrates on, but is not exclusively about, populist and nationalist ideas and movements. These aimed in modern times at freeing groups from the tutelage and domination of elites and empires. He is inclined to take his stand with the 'little peoples' of the regions, with their underdogs. His writings have often helped to restore to an ethnic community or social stratum part of its memory and its fuller voice. As one of Brock's knowledgeable friends has written, 'Just as he champions the rights of downtrodden peoples to independence and the peaceful enjoyment of their fundamental human rights, so he deplores and condemns any abuse of this freedom to restrict the liberties of others.'3 Eastern Europe, a minefield for less sure-footed scholars, has been Peter Brock's first scholarly love. It has also remained almost the exclusive area of his teaching, and over the years students have acclaimed him as a devoted guide and source of inspiration.4 What elevates Peter Brock from the ranks of fine historians and places him among a handful of the truly exceptional, is his second academic career, as an historian of pacifism. Some eight of his books and many of his smaller publications are about pacifism. These writings cut across the ages and circle the globe. Peter Brock's earliest work on pacifism was about peace ideas and movements among Czechs.5 He then turned to the English-speaking world on both sides of the Atlantic. Pacifism in the United States (1968), a volume of more than a thousand pages, his first major study devoted wholly to pacifism, was a critical and popular success.6 It was described as 'the definitive account' and a 'prodigiously solid and well-based work on a theme that is in an odd way both a marginal and a fundamental aspect of American history.'7 Against a background of the early peace witness of Quakers, Mennonites, and others, Brock traces the development of more widely based peace movements in the nineteenth century. Sensitive to the sovereignty of detail and the need for nuance, he became the first scholar to track the intricate changes that the peace movement underwent in the colonial environment and then in the perfectionist atmosphere of post-revolutionary American reformism. To Peter Brock's surprise, his book on American pacifism appeared at
Peter Brock - Historian of Pacifism
5
a fortunate moment, just as anti-Vietnam war sentiment in America was crystallizing into what became, over the next years, a triumphant crusade. Striking a resonant chord, the book was widely read and helped give that movement a distinctively American home-grown pedigree, native roots. To make the study more easily accessible, Princeton University Press reprinted two parts as separate paperbacks.8 Then, in the late 19605 and early 19705, as the number of those keen about war resistance grew further, Peter Brock addressed his next book on the subject to a more general reader and university student. Twentieth-Century Pacifism (1970) examined peace movements globally. It was perhaps strongest on the ideas and fortunes of opponents of war during the First and Second World Wars. One reviewer wrote, The strength of this book is its balanced and analytical framework ... It outlines a program of peace research in modern history.'9 There followed quickly Brock's Pacifism in Europe to 1914 (1972), a work of seasoned learning. It maps a vast terrain from the early Christian peace thinkers through the Anabaptists, Mennonites, and Quakers, to the ideologues and activists who futilely tried to prevent the outbreak of the first global war of this century. As he further broadened his studies, it was almost inevitable that Peter Brock would try also to fathom the ideas and worldwide influence of Gandhi as this century's chief theorist and practitioner of non-violence, and its greatest martyr. After a year of research in India, this round of scholarship appeared as The Mahatma and Mother India: Essays on Gandhi s Non-Violence and Nationalism (1983). Brock's passionate interest in specific forms of peace witness led also to important articles. Invariably grounded in work in original languages, as are all his writings, they examine the peace views of groups like the Quakers, Czech reformers, Hutterites, Dukhobors, Polish Anabaptists, Hungarian Nazarenes, Tolstoyans, and the early Plymouth Brethren. More than twenty-five years ago, at Columbia University, at the start of Peter Brock's work on pacifism, my wife and I first heard about the Brocks from my doctoral supervisor, Henry Roberts. He described an unusual interview he had had with a candidate for a major appointment in East European history. 'Your usual applicants, all fine scholars,' he said, 'invariably asked about salary levels, workloads, sabbatical leaves, and pensions.' After inquiring about students, a certain Peter Brock, however, had put only one question: 'Were there places nearby on Manhattan Island where [he and Carmen] could go for long walks?' I met Peter Brock for the first time, when, now as colleagues at Colum-
6
Harvey L. Dyck
bia, we walked a picket line together at St John's University on Long Island, protesting an odious abuse of academic freedom. It was about then that he and I started talking about Mennonites and pacifism, and I began reading his work. At the time, as a historian of Russia, I was pondering Stalinism and was viscerally attracted to the 'Christian realism' of Reinhold Niebuhr: the lesser evil as a moral choice. I even audited Niebuhr's disquieting lectures and pondered his sermons across Broadway Avenue at Union Theological Seminary and Riverside Church. At the time my own commitment to categorical non-resistance was, at best, pretty shaky. Reading Peter Brock's masterfully told and engrossing story of Czech Christian non-resisters braving injustices and daunting political dilemmas was an eye-opener for me. Here was moral courage in the face of huge ambiguities and obstacles. The reading got me thinking further about my own position. In 1966 Peter Brock and I took up appointments in history at the University of Toronto. Since then, over a quarter of a century, I have followed Brock's career closely in several settings: in seminars, a teamtaught course on comparative nationalism, academic planning sessions, lunches (usually with rich, creamy desserts for Peter's sweet tooth), and in shared, sometimes anguished, stands on contentious issues of the day. The author of significant research across a breadth of eras and cultures, Peter Brock seems at first glance difficult to classify as a historian. One asks, What are the links among the foremost strands of his scholarship - populism, nationalism, and pacifism? Several years ago, while getting together a small talk for Peter Brock's retirement dinner, I surrounded myself with his writings. I paused to read a chapter here, to dip into a particularly apt description there, looking for bits of analysis, conclusions, or a revealing dedicatory note among this wonderful body of printed material. I had previously read many of his books and articles, but not nearly all. I was sampling, looking for connections among the main themes of his scholarship. One clue is that Peter Brock's consuming interest is people who take personal stands against injustice, oppression, or war. In his own scale of values, courage, the making of personal choices about significant moral issues, excites his curiosity. He is equally curious about the ideas behind such hard moral stands, ideas, he states in one place, 'in the realm of practical living.' He also focuses on trail-blazers, the pioneers of those ideas, and on the meaning and implications of the texts that they composed. His scholarship is most riveting when it deals with beginnings.
Peter Brock - Historian of Pacifism
7
These were heroic dawns when choices were made, lines were being drawn, and seminal ideas worked out. Despite Peter Brock's undeniable identification with the men and women he studies, he writes history with rare detachment, wholly avoiding advocacy or propaganda. The roots of his own pacifism have many ironic and endearing twists. Peter Brock was born in 1920 on the Channel Island of Guernsey, United Kingdom. On both his mother's and his father's side he comes of distinguished military stock. One relation was conspicuously involved in the British burning of the White House in 1812 and another, Sir Isaac Brock, in the Battle of Queenston Heights in the same year. His maternal grandfather was also a British general. Yet, already as a child, he seems to have begun to buck the family tide. A favourite story of his wife, Carmen his loving companion and support for more than three decades - tells how younger members of the family were expected to address grandpapa as 'general/ and regularly did so. Peter Brock, however, always called him simply 'grandfather.' Brock attended Oxford as an undergraduate in the late 19305. This was a time in his life, he recalled, when he was in 'rebellion' against the Church of England, had 'inchoate religious views,' and was quite 'disinterested in sectarianism.' Secular pacifism, however, was then much in the air. So he read into the subject a little, got involved in the peace movement, and joined a pacifist society at Oxford. It was not until the onset of the Second World War, however, that his views began to cohere. This was partly under the intellectual tutelage of a Dutch pacifist, Bart de Ligt. Peter Brock had read a French version of a book by de Ligt, Creative Peace, written in the 19305 on a large scale and with great enthusiasm.10 It traced the history of peace from classical times through the sects to the socialist movements. On re-reading it later, Brock saw that, despite the author's learning, it was a little chaotic in organization and sometimes based on inadequate sources. In 1939, however, it was for him a lx>ok at the right time,' which had a great influence intellectually. It introduced him to sectarian pacifism, sparked his ardour and became a source of his desire one day to write his own synthetic global history of pacifism. When war came Peter Brock persevered in his beliefs and took his stand as a conscientious objector. He was briefly imprisoned and served out the rest of the conflict on alternative service, including work in an English hospital. In the meanwhile he had been strongly drawn to Quaker ideas about war and social justice, although remaining religiously 'a little bit of an outsider.' The war over, he was accepted for
8
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work with Quaker relief, first among displaced persons in Western Germany and then in devastated Poland. This was his introduction to Eastern Europe. There followed graduate study at the universities of Cracow, Poland, and Oxford, England, from each of which he holds doctorates in history. Brock first came to the University of Toronto for the one year, 1957-8. He then taught successively at the University of Alberta, Smith College, and Columbia University. He returned to Toronto in 1966, and since then it has been his home. Peter Brock, now well into his formal retirement from the department of history of the University of Toronto, has in recent years completed his most ambitious undertaking to date, a three-volume historical synthesis of worldwide pacifism and war resistance from the Middle Ages to the First World War. The first volume is on sectarian non-resistance;11 the second explores the Quaker peace witness;12 and the third, devoted to non-sectarian pacifism, touches on the ideas of various peace societies, of Gandhi, Tolstoy and the Tolstoyans, and Japanese peace groups.13 The trilogy does no less than define for our generation the subfield of peace history to 1914. It is a significant and sympathetic personal summing up for Peter Brock, though he will, of course, write on this theme again. To celebrate this landmark, a major international conference on the history of pacifism met at the University of Toronto in May 1991. Peter Brock's new three-volume global synthesis is naturally based on research from previous books, but it also incorporates significant new scholarship published in recent years. The synthesis is, for one thing, broader in scope, embracing the experience of groups and lands he has not dealt with very much before. These include Nazarenes, Plymouth Brethren, Seventh-Day Adventists, and Polish Anabaptists, and places like Wales, Canada, Scandinavia, South Africa, and Japan. He touches also, for the first time, on non-pacifist sections of the American peace movement during the decades before 1914, and, generally, he pays closer attention to broader peace movements. How does Brock deal with the recent spate of revisionist writing on pacifism? Is he perhaps himself revising his former views? In detail he is, he says, where new research warrants this, but he has not changed his main conclusions. The possible linkage between social class and pacifism is one new area of current scholarship that interests him greatly. Scholars of Quakerism, he observes, seem to produce a new book every two or three years. A number of these are reinterpretations of the class foundations of Quaker Pennsylvania, and they have pinpointed how that society accepted military measures - more easily than previous his-
Peter Brock - Historian of Pacifism
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torians had believed.14 Brock accepts, on the whole, this modified view of Quaker pacifism in that colony. He is more dubious, however, about recent suggestions that the influential British Peace Society in the nineteenth century was essentially class-bound in impulse, promoting peace chiefly as a way of ameliorating class conflicts in England.15 Ever meticulous, his review of the evidence indicates to him that while some members of the society were doubtless socially conservative, many others, keenly sensitive to issues of social justice, fought hard for reform. Brock appears warmly appreciative of some recent reinterpretations of Anabaptist pacifism. He shares, for example, the view of someone like George Williams that the Polish Brethren belonged to the mainstream of Anabaptism, and he treats them accordingly.16 He is not, however, in agreement with everything suggested by the main revisionists on Anabaptism, represented, for example, by James Stayer of Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario/7 and his numerous followers. Nevertheless, Brock does find their work solidly based, measured, and well reasoned. He accepts the particular point that Harold Bender, for all his achievement in delimiting and developing the field of Anabaptist scholarship, was mistaken in defining the mainstream of Anabaptism as exclusively peaceable. A balanced understanding must deal with both the peaceable and militant Anabaptists, Brock feels. This he tries to do himself. While Brock is encouraged by the abundance of stimulating new work on Anabaptist pacifism, he laments the serious gaps in the scholarship regarding the Mennonite peace witness across much of Europe. "For good or bad/ Brock observes, 'Mennonites are very important in the history of pacifism/ On a general level he notes the absence of an allembracing synthetic work on the vicissitudes of Mennonite pacifism. 'With the same idea running through it and the same problems confronting it, it seems to hang together/ he says. He makes an interesting point about sources, commenting that he feels his own writing devotes disproportionate space to the Quaker story relative to that of the Mennonite. 'But this is to some degree the Mennonites' own fault/ he explains. They left many fewer records. For a time they thought it was wrong to leave records. The Quakers were tremendous record keepers, and were also introspective. Literally dozens of them kept personal journals. So there is a vast quantity of Quaker material and, until recently, a meagre amount of Mennonite material.' Over the years Peter Brock and I have often talked about the relationship, and sometime sharp tension, between the moral imperatives of
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peace and of justice. In fact, a recurring theme in his writings is the conflict that often emerged between these two goals. Brock is interested in how some pacifists have tried to reconcile and justify their aspirations for both and how, on occasion, they have achieved neither. For principled pacifists the classical issue is a difficult one: if one rejects the use of force under all circumstances, does one not risk becoming an absolutist in regard to means but a relativist in regard to ends? Crassly put, might not non-resistance as an unequivocal stance embolden the likes of a Hitler, Stalin, or Pol Pot? Ought one then to try to be peaceable only in regard to one's personal relations? Peter Brock, who answers this question with a firm 'no/ continues to wrestle with the implications of his personal convictions in all areas of his life (in recent years he has chosen to become a vegetarian). But he admits to worrying about this dilemma, 'sometimes feeling awkward about it and slightly embarrassed. And yet if one didn't worry one should perhaps be more worried.' The story is told that the child Peter Brock was once asked what he wanted for a birthday present. He replied that he wished to climb the tower of St Paul's Cathedral to look out as far as it was possible for him to see. Figuratively, Peter Brock has taken his worldwide readership by the hand on many such a long climb to share with it the vistas he has uncovered. By mapping the vast terrain of pacifist history, its uplands and watersheds, as well as its wastelands, he has advanced and given the field clarity, coherence, and boundaries. He has also identified grey areas on the map in need of further scouting. As we read his careful but luminous sketches of the heroes great and small of populist, nationalist, and pacifist thought, we recognize that Peter Brock often writes about individuals who have some of the same qualities he has found, or somehow managed to create, in himself. His pacifism, in the absence of anything in his own background pointing in this direction, is a highly personal, lifelong commitment. It has made him highly sensitive to social oppression and war. Peter Brock himself, in a kind of personal credo, puts the matter much more simply. 'I'd like my scholarship to be as impartial as I can make it,' he has said, 'but also that it be something of significance.' Notes i Parts of this essay come from my, 'Peter Brock and the History of Pacifism/ Conrad Grebel Review, 147-57,an(^ I thank the editors of the Review for permission to use them here.
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2 See John Stanley, 'Bibliography of Scholarly Writings of Peter de Beauvoir Brock/ Canadian Slavonic Papers 31 (June 1989), 211-20. 3 Note by John H.L. Keep, 25 Nov. 1989. 4 See the June 1989 issue of Canadian Slavonic Papers, entitled 'Essays in Honour of Peter Brock,' and, in particular 'Peter Brock: An appreciation/ 105-6, by a former graduate student, John Stanley. 5 The Political and Social Doctrines of the Unity of the Czech Brethren in the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries (The Hague, 1957). 6 Pacifism in the United States: From the Colonial Era to the First World War (Princeton, 1968). 7 A.A. Ekirch Jr., American Historical Review 74 (1969), 1707. 8 Radical Pacifists in Antebellum America (Princeton, 1968) and Pioneers of the Peaceable Kingdom (Princeton, 1970). 9 C. Chatfield, American Historical Review 78 (1973), 655. 10 B. de Ligt, Vrede als daad: Beginselen, geschiedenis en strijdmethoden van de direkte aktie tegen oorlog (Arnhem, 1931-33). An expanded translation of vol. i of the Dutch appeared as La paix creatrice: Histoire des principes et des tactiques de I'action directe centre la guerre (Paris, 1934). 11 Freedom from Violence: Sectarian Nonresistance from the Middle Ages to the Great War (Toronto, 1991). 12 The Quaker Peace Testimony, 1660-1914 (York, England, 1990). 13 Freedom from War: Nonsectarian Pacifism, 1814-1914 (Toronto, 1991). 14 For example, Jack D. Marietta, The Reformation of American Quakerism, 17481783 (Philadelphia, 1984), and Herman Wellenreuther, Glaube und Politik in Pennsylvania, 1681-1776: Die Wandlungen der Obrigkeitsdoktrin und das 'Peace Testimony' der Quaker (Cologne and Vienna, 1972). 15 As an example, see Eric W. Sager, The Social Origins of Victorian Pacifism/ Victorian Studies 23 (1980). 16 George H. Williams, The Radical Reformation (London, 1962). 17 James M. Stayer, Anabaptists and the Sword (Lawrence, Kansas, 1976; originally published 1972). A good example of scholarship by a member of this group is Werner O. Packull, Mysticism and the Early South German-Austrian Anabaptist Movement, 1525-1531 (Scottdale, 1976).
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KWW400R7553638-199h
A P P R O A C H E S TO PEACE HISTORY
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PEACE HISTORY is A COMPARATIVE NEWCOMER to the historical discipline. Yet a number of approaches have already emerged, as have differences in regard to such issues as, say, terminology, categories, or parameters. Martin Ceadel in the first essay of this section elaborates ten distinctions he believes will help clarify the content of peace history, giving greater precision to scholarship on its various strands and ideologies. He urges, in particular, greater clarity for such frequently used terms as 'pacifism' and 'peace movement' - and even 'pacificism.' Charles Chatfield carries the argument further in the next essay, which he entitles Thinking about Peace in History.' While supporting the plea for clearer distinctions among intellectual categories and historical traditions, he cautions against overly rigid typologies that might 'compartmentalize and marginalize ideas' about peace. He concludes that 'it is necessary to group peace advocates, but categories apply sometimes more and sometimes less.' Peter van den Dungen discusses two Dutch scholars, Jacob ter Meulen and Bart de Ligt, in a case study in early peace historiography. The two men represented contrasting approaches to the subject. Ter Meulen, who held the post of chief librarian at the Peace Palace in The Hague for many years, was primarily interested in the development of internationalism. It was to this theme that he devoted his magnum opus, a work of profound research in three volumes. If, however, 'for ter Meulen the idea of peace was tantamount to that of international organization,' for de Ligt this idea signified something different. His magnum opus, likewise the fruit of deep learning, was a 'history of ... radical pacifism and antimilitarism,' of civilian resistance and direct action against war, a struggle de Ligt traces from its roots in antiquity to the interwar years of the twentieth century when he composed his major works. Himself a peace activist, de Ligt exercised considerable influence on later students of non-violence. It should be noted that the divergent approaches of these two scholars have continued to recur in the subsequent writing of peace history.
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2 Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians MARTIN CEADEL
No ideology owes more to one academic than pacifism owes to Peter Brock. That the scope and richness of its historical tradition can now be recognized is largely the result of Brock's sympathetic and dedicated scholarship, which was begun, moreover, at a time when pacifism was an unfashionable subject, particularly when compared with equivalently radical viewpoints in domestic politics. When I started research on the 19305 British peace movement in 1969, just a year after the appearance of Brock's Pacifism in the United States: From the Colonial Era to the First World War, I was struck not only by the lack of published work on pacifism and its related ideologies and movements but also by the lack of interest in such topics.11 remember reading Twentieth-Century Pacifism, the second volume of Brock's remarkable first trilogy, on train trips to pacifist archives in 1970 and discovering guidance that was available from no other source. And I can no less vividly recall reading the third volume, Pacifism in Europe to 1914, soon after its publication in 1972 at a time when I was struggling to write the first drafts of a doctoral thesis that by then had narrowed its focus to the pacifist core of the peace movement. In fact, the direction that my work has subsequently taken has owed much to the typology of six varieties of pacifism with which, albeit somewhat tentatively, he concluded that book.2 Brock, however, has never been particularly interested in categorization: though always clear-minded and rigorous in his definitions, he has concentrated on providing a chronological record of the pacifist tradition and an exegesis of its early texts. Brock's work has thus not principally been designed to dispel the conceptual confusion that irritated me as a postgraduate student. When, for example, I told people who were well informed about Britain in the 19305 that I was working on the paci-
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fism of that decade, surprisingly few made the correct inference that I was dealing mainly with Canon Dick Sheppard and the Peace Pledge Union. Many more assumed that I was working on the literary reaction against the First World War, on support for the League of Nations and collective security, on the appeasement of Germany, or on some other topic in the general area of attitudes to war. Moreover, in the viva voce examination of my thesis, I was asked by one of my examiners why I had not discussed E.D. Morel. I replied that it was because Morel (who had anyway died in 1924, seven years before my starting date) was not a pacifist, in the absolute sense in which I had defined and used the term throughout my thesis, but what I had called a pacificist. It startled me to have to make such a reply since the examiner in question was the person from whose work I had, with full acknowledgment, borrowed the pacifism-pacificism distinction in the first place, A.J.P. Taylor. While working on Britain's tradition of 'dissent over foreign policy' Taylor had suddenly, it seems, realized that this was not the same as pacifism. To a sentence commenting that John Bright did not wish to leave England defenceless even though he 'was sometimes nearer to pacifism' than Richard Cobden, Taylor therefore tacked on the following footnote: 'By "pacificism" I mean the advocacy of a peaceful policy; by "pacificism" (a word invented only in the twentieth century) the doctrines of nonresistance. The latter is the negation of policy, not an alternative to it, and therefore irrelevant to my theme. Hence my disregard for the Peace Societies.'3 This footnote was typical of Taylor. It combined brilliant analysis with memorably expressed prejudice. It also, however, carelessly implied that 'pacificism' was an older and different word instead of an etymologically more correct4 variant of 'pacifism' that entered the language at the same time. And it inappropriately presented a crucial point of definition as a belated (and apparently never internalized) aside, instead of being included in the introductory discussion of other central concepts, such as radicalism and dissent, both of which are treated with greater sensitivity. I make these comments not to belittle Taylor, an historian whose strengths enormously outweighed his idiosyncrasies and to whom I was personally indebted for a number of kindnesses, but to illustrate what seemed to me a reluctance on the part of even the finest academics at that time to devote the same academic precision they were lavishing on domestic political subjects to issues connected with the prevention of war. In recent years peace-and-war studies have started to boom, largely in
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response to the 'Second Cold War' of the late 19705 and 19805 and its attendant peace activism, and perhaps also in response to the overgrazing of social and domestic fields by the academic herds of the 19605 and 19705. As a result, scholars have become increasingly aware that what they once lumped together under the heading of 'pacifism' is an assortment of distant ideologies, and some have begun to debate how best these should be distinguished and labelled. Even so, I am convinced that students of the history and politics of peace movements - peace historians as I shall call them for short - still lag behind, say, the students of the history and politics of labour movements in the precision with which they disentangle different stands. Labour historians agree not only on key distinctions (for example, between socialist and non-socialist viewpoints), but also on a vocabulary for making refinements within each of these categories: they therefore are able to distinguish precisely among Marxist, Fabian, Christian-socialist, anarcho-syndicalist, and other types of socialism, and among liberal, social-democratic, labourist, and other types of non-socialism. They are aware, moreover, that such distinctions are important not only in their own right but also, since each strand flourishes in different political conditions, for any rigorous explanation of a labour movement's development. They are also alert to the importance of dogs that do not bark: they regard the absence of a strand from the labour movement of the country on which they are working - for example, the weakness of Marxism in Britain compared with continental Europe - as a significant fact and not an indication that the distinction between Marxist and non-Marxist socialism is invalid or unimportant. Peace historians, in my view, are inclined to be vague. For example, an informative and otherwise sensitive book on Canadian pacifism5 states on the opening page that 'pacifism is basically a Christian phenomenon/ but soon identifies a 'quite different' sort of opposition to war (a 'pacifism in the liberal tradition'), while nevertheless retaining the term 'pacifism' for both. The result, in my view, is a loss of clarity in the analysis of the various stands within the Canadian peace movement. Similarly, an innovative article entitled The Social Origins of Victorian Pacifism'6 uses lists of early members of the London Peace Society and lists of petitioners to the House of Commons in support of an arbitration motion as if they were evidence of the same phenomenon, even though the former was a society which, though imposing no creed on its members, was known to be formally committed to pacifism, and the latter a pacificist motion worded as an anodyne, which virtually anyone other than a militarist could support. In my view, both these works lump together dis-
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tinct phenomena - pacifism and pacificism - that require distinct analyses. They are, of course, often intertwined within the same movement and sometimes coexist uneasily within the thinking of cross-pressured individuals, but peace historians should recognize that separate elements tangled together and in tension with each other are in fact more common than undifferentiated syntheses or hybrids. Peace historians are also too inclined to reject distinctions that do not apply to the countries they study - in other words, to consider only dogs that do bark - thereby inhibiting the development of a comparative approach to the subject. I hasten to admit that I have been as guilty as anyone of this failing: as will be noted later in this essay, I have failed to make use of the distinction, borrowed form the sociologist Karl Mannheim, between 'utopian' and 'ideological' pacifism, because it is of little use in analysing the British peace movement, forgetting that this fact is itself significant. But others working on countries, such as Germany, in which it is more applicable, have gone to the other extreme, and have implied that it is 'the central distinction'7 that peace historians need to make, forgetting the different needs of those studying other countries. Even when undertaking single-country studies, peace historians should remember the longer-term goal of constructing a set of categories robust enough to permit cross-national comparison. In this essay I offer a list of ten distinctions on which such a set of categories can be founded. I adopt this format for reasons of clarity, despite the impression it may give of un-Brock-like dogmatism. I must make clear that it is not my intention to assert or imply the ethical superiority of any of the viewpoints identified. The aim of the distinctions is analytical utility alone. They are necessary to define what peace historians write about: what exactly do they mean when they use 'pacifism' and 'peace movement' in the titles of their books? And they are necessary to distinguish what must be explained separately: for example, during the nineteenth century support for arbitration was generally a by-product of political liberalism, whereas support for pacifism depended heavily on certain Christian traditions. I must also point out that my interest is in the period since approximately the late eighteenth century, when a political debate about peace and war, and with it a peace movement, first developed. What Brock calls 'sectarian pacifism' originated in a pre-modern context that my distinctions are not designed to elucidate, although, since it survived to play a role peas the modern peace movement, I shall attempt to apply my distinctions to it so far as is possible.
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Distinction i
Distinction i is between absolutist and what for want of a better word I shall call reformist positions. Absolutist positions are those defined by their rejection of a particular activity - for example, force, killing, war, the use of nuclear weapons - as impermissible. (As we shall see, pacifism is an absolutist position, or rather a cluster of absolutist positions, but not the only one to be found in the peace-and-war debate.) It is, however, wrong to regard absolutist positions as necessarily negative: they can form part of more positive ideologies such as the spiritual conception of socialism or anarchism. It is not, however, unfair to describe them as apolitical in the normal sense of that word. Reformist positions are those which seek the abolition of war through a restructuring of the political order - for example, by transferring sovereignty to supranational bodies, by ending capitalism, by introducing greater democratic accountability within states, or by curbing patriarchy - rather than by rejecting a particular activity. (As we shall see, pacificism is a reformist position, but not the only one.) Reformist positions are thus essentially political: it is through the creation of new political structures, domestic or international, that war will be abolished. Much of the history of peace movements - and indeed of other philanthropic movements - can be explained in terms of the struggle by organizations and individuals to combine absolutist and reformist approaches: a good example is provided by Britain's First World War peace society, the No-Conscription Fellowship, which attempted to reconcile the pacifist and pacificist versions of socialism.8 But it should be recognized that they are fundamentally different. I must here anticipate an objection to the hard-and-fast distinction I have drawn between absolutist and non-absolutist positions. What, it might be asked, about contingent positions? Not all pacifists make the unqualified assertion that all war is wrong; some admit the theoretical possibility of a justifiable war. For example, as my recent research on the origins of the British peace movement has taught me, a number of early nineteenth-century peace activists conceded the theoretical possibility of a truly defensive (and therefore justifiable) war, though they were convinced that they had never met it in practice. And, more recently, moral philosophers have defined a contingent form of pacifism. How are these to be classified? I believe that they can be treated either as absolutist or non-absolutist, depending on the rule of thumb adopted by peace activists faced with a remote contingency. Those who decide to behave as if
Martin Ceadel there is no chance of a foreseeable war being a justifiable one are absolutists. In other words, the contingent belief 'that while there is in principle the possibility of a war being justified, this is in practice a possibility so remote that we can disregard it'9 results in a pacifism indistinguishable in practice from that arising from an unqualified belief that war could in no circumstances be justified. Peace activists who behave as if there is a significant chance of a foreseeable war being justifiable, and who therefore decide to keep an open mind until it actually breaks out, are not absolutists. They may be pacificists of an extreme kind, but not pacifists. The most difficult case to classify is provided by a pre-modern survival, 'eschatological pacifism/ the belief that true believers should reject all wars for the present but should expect the millennium, in the course of which they may be called upon to fight holy wars. This is number three on Brock's list of six types of pacifism, and he describes it as a 'kind of nonviolent interim-ethic' lying 'in the border zone between a principled and conditional pacifism.' Nevertheless, as Brock implies, a distinction can be made according to the intensity of the apocalyptic expectation. Those who believe the millennium - and consequently the possibility of a holy war - to be imminent are not pacifists in the full sense. But, as Brock notes, 'What begins as an interim-ethic may eventually be transformed into a settled moral code if the expected "final things" do not take place.' In other words, those who do not seriously expect the millennium to occur for the foreseeable future, and who therefore take for granted that the next war will be one in which they cannot participate, are indistinguishable from pacifists. In practice, therefore, it is generally possible to distinguish between eschatological sects that have retained their apocalyptic hopes, and with them a barely repressed crusading zeal, and those which have become indistinguishable from religious pacifists. Distinction 2
Distinction 2 is between both absolutist and reformist positions, on the one hand, and the just war tradition, on the other. Just war thinking is an increasingly important source of ethical objections to the practice of modern warfare, as responses to the 1991 Persian Gulf War have reminded us. It is, however, neither a moral theory nor an ideology of peace and war, being instead a set of additional rules to which those whose moral theories or ideologies permit the use of force must also adhere before they can in practice employ that force. It is thus possible
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to be a 'realist' supporter of orthodox defence preparedness - in other words, a 'defencist/ to use the term I have had to coin because of the extraordinary lack of an established word to describe this commonest of viewpoints - and still to feel that certain uses of force are impermissible. The just war tradition is thus, I feel, best distinguished from the peace-movement tradition, as is done, for example, by James Turner Johnson.10 Distinction 3
Distinction 3 is between those types of reformism that allow aggressive force and those that do not. Just as in domestic politics some advocates of fundamental change have been revolutionaries prepared to use violence, so in international politics some reformists have been crusaders willing to use aggressive war to impose their ideology and thus hasten the abolition of war. We must distinguish these crusaders from pacificists, who, like the gradualists and constitutionalists among domestic reformers, wish to implement their war-abolishing reforms by peaceful persuasion. Admittedly, this line is sometimes hard to draw. Many nineteenthcentury liberals accepted Mazzini's idea that European peace could be established only on the basis of democratic nation states, and they were thus tempted to view revolutions and wars of national liberation against autocratic dynastic states as steps towards peace. Thus, some European groups that are conventionally classified as peace societies - such as Charles Lemmonier's Ligue Internationale de la Paix et de la Liberte, established at Geneva in 1867 at a meeting chaired by Garibaldi - exhibited a barely repressed crusading streak that unsettled their peace-movement colleagues.11 Distinction 4 Distinction 4 is between intellectual distinctions and labels. The former matter much more than the latter. As long as peaceful reformism is recognized as a category, I do not mind if people cannot bring themselves to label it pacificism.12 Undoubtedly pacificism is etymologically artificial, difficult to pronounce, and visually easy to confuse with pacifism (which is why I sometimes have italicized it, as here, and at other times have written it as pacific-ism). The argument in its favour is simply the absence of any obvious alternative. 'Irenicism' is a possibility that quite appeals to me, though it is a little pretentious. 'Peace advocacy' fails to
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convey the fact that peaceful reformism is as much an ideology - an 'ism' - as pacifism and is best kept as an umbrella term covering both pacificism and pacifism. Because they dislike pacificism, some writers use the word pacifist to cover the peaceful-reformist position and describe the absolutist view as 'absolute pacifism' or, in the case of writers in France, where this practice is almost universal, 'integral pacifism.' Others have used a qualifying adjective for the broad position too. For example, my understanding of Yvonne Bennett's usage in her dissertation on Vera Brittain and the Peace Pledge Union during the Second World War is that the reformist position is 'low' pacifism and the absolutist position 'high' pacifism (although the latter can be 'broad' pacifism in a particular political orientation).13 One reason for disliking adjectives such as 'low' and 'high' is that they bring value judgments with them. My main reason for disliking the use of pacifism as a label for the reformists position, however, is that it seems odd to describe as in any sense 'pacifist' the League of Nations Union, Britain's largest peace society, when after 1936 it advocated collective resistance to Nazi aggression and opposed the Conservative government's policy of appeasement. It was the body founded as a reaction against this policy, the Peace Pledge Union, which preached pacifism in the sense then understood by most Britons. But this brings me back to a point I have already touched on, namely, that most of us when introducing supposedly universal schemes of labelling and classification are in fact conditioned by parochial concerns. As I have implied, it is because I began my research on 19305 Britain, where the absolutist tradition was strong and the most influential elements within the pacificist tradition came strongly to support collective security, that I have used pacifism in the strict way I do. Conversely, those working on France and Germany have tended to adopt the broader usage of pacifism because of the distinctive characteristics of their countries of study: absolute pacifism has been so much weaker in both countries than in Britain that there seems no point in reserving the more convenient label, pacifism, exclusively for it; and the political culture has been so much less favourable to pacificism in both countries as to make this a more subversive-seeming position than in Britain and therefore deserving of as bold a term as pacifism. Labels are thus a matter of contextual convenience as well as individual taste, and it may be impossible to all agree on a common system. Let us nevertheless agree on substantive intellectual distinctions, such as those among pacifism, paciicism, and the just war tradition.
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5
Distinction 5
Distinction 5 is among the varieties of pacificism, as I shall continue to label it. There are as many of these as there are ideologies. Since ideology is a contentious word that I have already used a number of times here without clarification, I must before going any further explain that I do not use it with the pejorative implication that it is a false perspective that can be contrasted with an objective one. I use it in the neutral sense of a world-view or structured set of beliefs that all of us rely on, consciously or otherwise, to help us to filter out of the enormous amount of information about the world with which we are constantly confronted what is important and desirable. We have been strangely reluctant to recognize the ideological structure of the peace-and-war debate. In domestic politics, by contrast, most of us accept that ideology plays a considerable role; we take for granted that, say, conservatives and socialists take different views not merely of the values that human beings should be promoting but also of the way the world works, and that it makes sense therefore to interpret debates about such issues as the educational system and the economy as being to some extent structured by an underlying ideological dispute. But we have tended to see the peace-and-war debate taking place at the level of policy options - for example, on the merits of detente, disarmament, or international organizations - rather than among underlying positions that carry over from one policy to another. Insofar as we have acknowledged an ideological structure to the debate between the different elements of the peace movement and their various opponents, we have done so in terms of crude dichotomies between hawks and doves, realists and idealists, pacifists and militarists. I have tried in a previous book14 to set out an ideological structure for the peace-and-war debate, dividing the opponents of the peace movement into militarists (advocates of aggression on the grounds that war alone promotes human development), defencists, and crusaders, and the supporters of the peace movement into pacificists and pacifists. More relevant for present purposes is that I have also tried to identify the various ideologies underpinning the variants of pacificism that I have come across in my work on the British peace movement. The most important of these has been liberalism: it has argued that there is no inherent conflict of interests among nations and that only an obsession with state sovereignty has caused people to overlook this fact; and it has a proposed remedies ranging from free trade via international organizations to supranationalism. Liberalism's most conspicuous challenger has
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been socialism: this has insisted that it is not nationalism but capitalism that causes war and that only the spreading of socialism can guarantee peace. The third major ideology, less influential than liberalism and less intellectually coherent than socialism, has been radicalism, a left-wing variety of populism: it assumes that left to themselves the people would abolish war and that it has been the machinations of elites (such as diplomats) and vested interests (such as arms manufacturers) that have ensured that this has not been achieved. The first British peace society to be set up during the First World War was called the Union of Democratic Control because it believed that popular control of foreign policy was the way to achieve peace. And, although you will have to turn to my book for illustrations of this point, I believe that radical thinking has also been strongly influential within the nuclear-disarmament movement in Britain. Liberalism, socialism, and radicalism have been the dominant strands of pacificism for much of the history of the British and indeed most other peace movements. In the 19805, however, these were strongly challenged by two other strands. The first was feminism, which often strongly implies, even if it hardly ever explicitly asserts, that patriarchy is the cause of war and that its overthrow can alone bring peace. The second was ecologism, the green ideology, which sees the upsetting of the balance of nature by industrialization as the cause of war. These five, then, are the principal types of pacificism that I have identified, but of course it would be possible to draw ideological lines in different ways. For example, whereas my classification assumes that Christian pacificists have borrowed their thinking about war prevention from the various ideologies just discussed, others might wish to treat Christianity as a pacificism in its own right. Distinction 6
Distinction 6 is between the intellectual content of an anti-war ideology and its sociopolitical context. This distinction is acknowledged, though its implications are not fully recognized, in Roger Chickering's sophisticated and path-breaking study of the pre-1914 German peace movement. Attempting 'to isolate the central distinction among varieties of pacifism' (this last word being employed to cover both pacificism and pacifism), Chickering offers 'a distinction based upon their socio-political context as well as their integrated intellectual content.' To this end he adopts Karl Mannheim's dichotomy between 'utopian' and 'ideological' views. Chickering explains this as follows:
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7
Using the orientation of a pacifist doctrine towards politics and society as the basic criterion of differentiation, it is useful to distinguish between pacifism as Utopia and pacifism as ideology. Utopian pacifism conceives of war as an inseparable aspect of a social and political order that is utterly corrupt and beyond rehabilitation. Ideological pacifism rejects war because of the threat it poses to a social and political order that is basically sound and praiseworthy. Differences in nuance and emphasis among varieties of pacifism are subordinate to this central distinction.15
This distinction is also favoured by Norman Ingram in his valuable recent study of interwar pacifism in France, though not to the exclusion of other distinctions.16 The adoption of this terminology in the contexts of Wilhelmine Germany and interwar France suggests that 'utopian pacifism' is a phenomenon found particularly in what I have elsewhere analysed as 'illiberal' or 'non-liberal' political cultures/7 in which the peace movement has been viewed as treacherous and subversive rather than idealistic and legitimate. In more liberal cultures, such as Britain, almost the entire pacificist movement, except perhaps its Marxist fringe, would have to be classified as 'ideological pacifists,' since they have regarded the social order not as 'utterly corrupt and beyond rehabilitation' but as 'basically sound and praiseworthy,' in the sense that they believe it capable by normal constitutional processes of delivering the reforms that would abolish war. That was why I ignored the distinction between 'Utopian' and 'ideological' pacifism when first writing about Britain. As already indicated, however, I now believe I was wrong to do so. The fact that 'utopian' pacifism is a dog that does not bark in Britain is a significant one to which attention should be drawn. By the same token, I feel Chickering is wrong to use it as the central distinction that needs to be made. In particular, there is no justification for believing that it removes the need for the pacifism-pacificism distinction, since there is a significant difference between a pacifist utopian (such as a Garrisonian non-resister) and a pacificist one (such as a Marxist war-resister). The best practice is to use both distinctions, as Ingram does. It is also helpful to take Chickering's distinction between 'socio-political context' and 'integrated intellectual content' even further than he does.1 Whereas Chickering believes that the two can be combined, I believe them to be conceptually separate. Intellectual content alone should be the criterion for identifying the various anti-war ideologies. But in addition, sociopolitical context may be used to explain why the latter differ so considerably in their political implications, and conse-
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quently in their popularity, from country to country. Let me give an illustration. In trying to analyse the major trends of opinion within the nineteenth-century international peace movement, we should begin by considering intellectual content: for example, we should identify a 'Cobdenite' version of radical pacificism by its set of assumptions about aristocratic power, free trade, the reduction in arms spending as part of a general reduction in government spending, and so on. Having done so, however, we may note that such a position was relatively uncontroversial in certain countries, such as Britain and the United States, yet seemed unpatriotic and almost subversive in much of continental Europe. In Mannheim's terminology Cobdenism was relatively 'ideological' in some countries, but almost 'utopian' in others. This shows that Mannheim's distinction has less to say about anti-war ideologies as such than about the political environment in which they operate. The latter is an important subject; elsewhere I have offered a general explanation of the cross-national variations in the acceptability of different anti-war theories with reference to the strength of liberalism within a country's political culture and the measure of security afforded by its strategic situation.19 But before we can study the sociopolitical implications of an ideology, we must first establish its intellectual content. Though complementary, the study of ideologies and of their sociopolitical context must be recognized as distinct tasks. Distinction 7
My remaining distinctions all have to do with absolutism. Distinction 7 is between pacifism and other, superficially similar, forms of absolutism that, however, fall short of being rejections of all modern war. The latter can for convenience be divided into modern and historic absolutism. Modern absolutisms reject only the use of certain kinds of modern weapons, most notably nuclear weapons, but also chemical or biological weapons. In recent years it has become common to call the first of these positions 'nuclear' pacifism'; but insofar as it does not object to conventional warfare it cannot be recognized as a truly pacifist position. It would be better described as anti-nuclear-weapons absolutism, and the other positions as anti-chemical-weapons absolutism or anti-biological-weapons absolutism. We should note, however, that the view that the use of such weapons in any war is so probable that all future war must be rejected is indeed pacifism. (Because it deals with probabilities rather than certainties, it is a contingent rather than an unqualified position; but, as it
Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians
2
9
leads to the rejection of all future warfare, it is an absolutist one nevertheless.) It should ideally be described as nuclear-era pacifism, or chemicalor biological-era pacifism, so as to make clear that the absolutist objection is not to the use of particular weapons but to all warfare in an era in which such weapons are available. These modern absolutism present few difficulties. Few scholars would think it helpful to regard nuclear pacifism and the like as a true form of pacifism, and many nuclear pacifists go out of their way to make clear they are not pacifists in the full sense. The historic absolutisms present greater difficulties, however. Though sometimes treated by scholars as legitimate forms of pacifism, I shall argue that they are either forms of 'exemptionism' or secondary characteristics of a pacifism whose primary inspiration must be sought on other grounds. I have defined 'exemptionism' as the view that war is all right for others, but not for members of the elite or the elect. It is best illustrated in pure form by the alleged retort of one young member of Britain's Bloomsbury Group in the First World War to the question why he was not fighting for civilization like most other men of his age: 'Madam, I am the civilization they are fighting for.'20 The secular basis of such a claim has usually been the higher calling of the artist with special creative gifts, while its religious basis has been the higher calling of members of a monastic order or sect who submit to special spiritual disciplines. Brock regards these positions as instances of Vocational pacifism,' the first of his six types of pacifism, which he defines in the following terms: 'Although for the vocationalists nonviolence is absolute in respect to an individual who has accepted it for his own way of life, they make no claim for its integral acceptance by others who have not chosen the same calling. For the rules of one calling are not incumbent on those who have adopted another, even if a less elevated one.' Brock, however, admits that it 'scarcely fits within the definition of pacifism' he has been using. In my view, the key issue is whether vocational pacifists want those others who 'have not chosen the same calling' to espouse pacifism too. If not, they are preaching exemptionism. After all, when churches support a war and wish their ordinary members to fight in it, their simultaneous wish that their monastic orders be especially excused from military service has nothing to do with pacifism. Only if vocational pacifists wish others to take the same position are they true pacifists. And in this case, of course, they must explain why they and others are justified in being pacifists. Vocational pacifism is therefore either exemptionism or a behavioural characteristic - an
3°
Martin Ceadel
unpriggish reluctance to point out to others what they themselves regard as correct behaviour - of those who are pacifists on other grounds. It is not itself a form of pacifism. Similar points can be made about 'soteriological pacifism/ another pre-modern position, which is number two on Brock's list and that he defines as 'an objection to shedding human blood (and sometimes animals' as well) because it leads to ritual impurity and thus to the loss of personal salvation, at least until some form of purification is undergone.' As Brock admits, it 'is not easily comprehended within the normative pacifism' he has outlined. Unlike the objection to idolatrous military oaths, which played some part in the early Christian objection to service in the Roman army, it is an objection that goes directly to the heart of war, since the latter cannot be carried on without killing. But it might be exemptionist, if the aversion to shedding blood is regarded as a sign of the heightened fastidiousness of the elect. That this has indeed often been the case is borne out by Brock's observation: 'Vocationally this has been the standpoint of the priesthood in various primitive religions.' I would argue therefore that, as in the case of vocational pacifism, the test is whether soteriological pacifists want others to take the same stand. If not, they are exemptionists, but if so, they are indeed pacifists. In the latter case, however, they still must explain why ritual impurity arises from killing, and in doing so they will presumably show soteriological pacifism to be less a type of pacifism in its own right than one of the many forms that religious pacifism can take. Similar observations apply to Brock's third type of pacifism, 'eschatological pacifism/ to which some attention has already been paid. As we have seen, when apocalyptic hopes are high this is, in Brock's words, too 'conditional' a rejection of war to count as 'principled' pacifism: in the terms used here, it is a temporary exemptionism, valid only until the millennium. But, after such hopes have faded, it may develop into a 'settled moral code' indistinguishable from pacifism. Even if it does so, however, it needs to explain why it rejects war in a world whose spiritual transformation looks increasingly far off, and the answer it gives is usually a religious imperative. Like 'vocational' and 'soteriological' pacifism, therefore, 'eschatological pacifism' can be either exemptionism or a particular form of religious pacifism. Distinction 8
My final three distinctions are among those types of absolutism that are
Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians unambiguously pacifist. In Nevertheless: Varieties of Religious Pacifism, John H. Yoder argued that pacifism should be viewed as 'not just one specific position .. but rather a wide gamut of varying, sometimes even contradictory positions.'21 Warning against the forcing of such positions into 'the ready-made slots of the ethicists/ he gives a long, unstructured list. I believe it is useful to structure these different pacifisms according to three criteria: what it is they object to; what their ethical inspiration is; and what their orientation towards politics is. Distinction 8 is thus among the various things to which pacifism can object. The most extreme is to physical force of any kind: the best known theorist of this view was Tolstoy. Less extreme is the objection to killing, which entails an objection to capital punishment as well as war. Next comes the objection to war as such, which permits forms of killing that do not count as war. At the moderate end are the objections only to modern war or war in the nuclear era, which accept that in past ages wars were sometimes justified. Because different pacifisms thus object to different things, it follows that an argument against one is not an argument against all. Though a 'killing pacifist' could not consistently support a violent revolution, for example, the same would not be true of a 'war pacifist.'22 Distinction 9
Distinction 9 is among the three or four main ethical inspirations for pacifism. The latter must, in other words, be grounded either in a religious faith (usually Christianity), or in a political creed (notably anarchism or the spiritual conception of socialism), or in a philosophical position (such as humanitarianism or utilitarianism). Except that I now would place more emphasis upon the difference within the philosophical strand between the humanitarians, whose ethical position is deontological and unqualified, and the utilitarians, whose approach is consequentialist and contingent, I see little need to change what I wrote about pacifist inspirations in my first book. Indeed my subsequent research has increased my conviction that such distinctions are useful. After all, pacifism as an idea is inexorably linked to the development of three or four ethical traditions, and pacifists spend much of their time trying to persuade those in the same tradition that it entails pacifism. Religious pacifists have sought to so persuade their fellow Christians, political pacifists their fellow socialists, and philosophical pacifists their fellow humanists or consequentialists. To some extent, moreover, the dynamics
32
Martin Ceadel
of the pacifist movement are explained by tensions among religious, political, and philosophical approaches. For example, as a British Christian pacifist observed some years ago of his relations with the rest of the peace movement: 'A question that continually arises but is usually brushed under the carpet is what kind of relationship there can be between Christian pacifists and secular pacifists or those who simply claim to be "religious" ... To ignore these differences is to pretend that they don't matter but the Christian cannot honestly behave as if Christianity did not matter without some strain, and the equivalent beliefs of other groups are perhaps comparably important to them/23 Distinction 10
Distinction 10 is among the three main orientations towards politics that pacifists can adopt. This brings me to my original debt to Brock, since it was his fourth, fifth, and sixth pacifist categories that first alerted me to the need to classify pacifism according to its view of politics as well as its ethical inspiration. Brock's separational pacifism was what I now call the pessimistic orientation: in peacetime it adopts a sectarian approach to politics; in wartime it seeks to maintain a quietist witness, often in pacifist communities. Brock's integrational pacifism was what I now call the mainstream orientation: in peacetime it collaborates with pacificist proposals for war prevention; in wartime it mainly attempts to serve society through humanitarian and relief work. Brock's goal-directed pacifism was what I now call the optimistic inspiration: in peacetime it believes that to develop a capacity for Gandhi-style non-violent resistance will be an effective way of deterring invasion; in wartime it attempts to stop the war effort. I am convinced that these distinctions have been useful to the historical analysis of pacifism, and I have been generally unpersuaded by attempts to vary them.24 But I should make clear that there is no implication that these three orientations will be found in every pacifist movement. That the non-violent orientation was not found in interwar France does not, as Ingram implies,25 reveal a weakness of this typology: it is another example of a non-barking dog. I have now set out ten distinctions: between absolutism as a whole and reformism as a whole, between each of these and the just war tradition, between the crusading and pacificist versions of reformism, between substantive intellectual distinctions and descriptive labels, between the
Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians
33
intellectual content of an anti-war ideology and its sociopolitical context, among the varieties of pacificism, between pacifist and non-pacifist absolutism, among the things to which different varieties of pacifism object, among the ethical inspirations for pacifism, and among pacifism's orientations towards politics. If these distinctions are conceived as the different axes of a multidimensional grid, then there are sufficient slots to embrace all the many types of anti-war position without straitjacketing. Perhaps I am exhibiting a deformation professionelle in questing for that holy grail of political science, the comprehensive taxonomy. But I am convinced that such a quest is needed if the study of the history and politics of peace movements is to catch up with comparable branches of study, such as that of labour movements, in making rigorous distinctions among, for example, intellectual traditions, ideological structures, political tactics, and contextual factors. Notes
1 This was reflected in the fact that neither of the doctoral theses on aspects of modern British pacifism which I read early in my work had been published: K.G. Robbins wrote books on two other subjects before publishing a revised version of The Abolition of War: A Study in the Organisation and Ideology of the Peace Movement, 1914-19,' DPhil thesis, Oxford University (1964) in 1976; and, so far as I am aware, Joyce A. Berkman, 'Pacifism in England, 1914-39,' PhD dissertation, Yale University (1967) remains unpublished. 2 Peter Brock, Pacifism in Europe to 1914. (Princeton, 1972), 472-6. The quotations from Brock's typology later in this essay are all from these pages. I must admit with considerable shame that I did not read John H. Voder's stimulating book Nevertheless: Varieties of Religious Pacifism (Scottdale, 1971) until the Bodleian Library acquired a copy (of the 1976 edition) in 1989. 3 A.J.P. Taylor, The Trouble Makers: Dissent over Foreign Policy, 1792-1939 (London, 1957), 5in. 4 The once revered English linguistic authority H.W. Fowler was in 'no doubt that the longer form is the better' but in no doubt either that the 'barbarous' shorter form would oust it: A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (Oxford, 1926), 300-1,418. For the first use of pacifism, see the entry by Sandi E. Cooper on Emile Arnaud, in Harold Josephson (ed.), Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders (Westport, 1985), 36-7. 5 Thomas Socknat, Witness against War: Pacifism in Canada, 1900-1945 (Toronto, 1987)3,7,8. 6 By Eric W. Sager, in Victorian Studies 23 (1979-80), esp. 214.
34
Martin Ceadel
7 Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and a World without War: The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892-1914 (Princeton, 1975), 18. 8 See Jo Vellacott, Bertrand Russell and the Pacifists in the First World War (Brighton, 1980), and Thomas C. Kennedy, The Hound of Conscience (Fayetteville, 1981). 9 Jonathan Glover, Causing Death and Saving Lives (Harmondsworth, 1977), 258, summarizing John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), section 58, where the term 'contingent pacifism' can be found. 10 James Turner Johnson, The Quest for Peace: Three Moral Traditions in Western Cultural History (Princeton, 1987), xii. 11 F.H. Kinsley, Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States (Cambridge, 1963), 120-1. 12 Peter Brock has used it on one occasion: see his The Roots of War Resistance: Pacifism from the Early Church to Tolstoy (Nyack, 1981), 76. A.J.P. Taylor came to dislike his own terminology; see his review of my Pacifism in Britain, 19141945 (Oxford, 1980), in London Review of Books (2 Oct. 1980), 4. A significant if passing early use of the pacifism-pacificism distinction can be found in David A. Martin, Pacificism: An Historical and Sociological Study (London, 1965), 205. 13 Yvonne Aleksandra Bennett, Testament of a Minority in Wartime: The Peace Pledge Union and Vera Brittain 1939-1945,' PhD dissertation, McMaster University (1984), 11. 14 Martin Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War (Oxford, 1987; paperback ed., 1989)15 Chickering, Imperial Germany, 18-19. 16 Norman Ingram, The Politics of Dissent: Pacifism in France, 1919-1939 (Oxford, 1991), 13. 17 Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War, 168-76. 18 Chickering, Imperial Germany, 18. 19 Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War, ch. 8. 20 Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography (London, 1967), vol. i, 416. See also Ceadel, Pacifism in Britain, 43-6. 21 Yoder, Nevertheless, 10-11. 22 I have sometimes implied otherwise in my own work, but I came to realize my error thanks to a helpful discussion with Norman Ingram. 23 Richard Thomas, 'Communications with the Peace Movement,' Reconciliation Quarterly (Sept. 1974), 22. 24 For example, Yvonne Bennett's category of 'broad pacifism' (Bennett, Testament of a Minority,' 10) seems to me to offer no advance on Brock's 'integrational' or my 'collaborative' category, and I am unclear whether her 'high' pacifism is a general position of which 'broad' pacifism is a subset or whether
Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians
35
it is a different orientation altogether. Similarly, I do not agree with Norman Ingram (Politics of Dissent, 11) that the non-violent orientation is 'no more than a case of extreme collaboration': the essence of collaboration is that pacifists support non-pacifist measures as a second best but a step in the right direction, whereas non-violence is not a second best and involves pacifists in no compromise with physical force. 25 Ingram, Politics of Dissent, 11.
3 Thinking about Peace in History CHARLES CHATFIELD
This essay has an intentionally ambiguous title, for it addresses both how we think about peace in historical terms (thinking about peace-inhistory) and how peace has been considered historically (thinkingabout-peace in history). My own thought has been stimulated in each respect by Martin Ceadel's critical analysis of the positions taken in what he has called the war-and-peace debate, notably by the typology he advanced in Thinking about Peace and War and by his subsequent essay, Ten Distinctions for Peace Historians.' In each case Ceadel develops categories for the purpose of offering interpretive distinctions with which to clarify our discourse and enable us to get beyond description. In the first instance he frames his typology in the theoretical context of international relations - how we think about peace and war. In the second he applies his typological distinctions to the history of peace movements - how peace has historically been considered - and he does so in an historically sensitive, nuanced manner. This is not surprising, because Ceadel's earlier Pacifism in Britain, 19141945 was a sophisticated excursion into the consequences of thinking about peace in particular ways.1 The difference between thinking about war and peace, on the one hand, and reflecting on the historical consequences of war and peace thought, on the other, is itself a critical distinction. It is not an absolute one, of course; it is a matter of relative emphasis which, however, establishes parameters of judgment. I would like to reflect a bit on those parameters and then to explore them in terms of some aspects of historic peace thought and organization.
Thinking about Peace in History
37
Categories and Characterization
In his Ten Distinctions' Ceadel distinguishes between the 'intellectual distinctions/ required for understanding, and those 'labels' that constitute a kind of shorthand for schemes of classification. He identifies the threshold of our problem with language when he observes that 'most of us when introducing supposedly universal schemes of labelling and classification are in fact conditioned by parochial concerns ... Labels are thus a matter of contextual convenience as well as individual taste.' They are also a matter of historical context, as I will note below. Labels are a kind of signs that point to generalized classifications. To be sure, there is a difference between descriptive labels and the intellectual distinctions on which typologies are based. Still, words that originate in attempts to free thought from imprecision or stereotyping can be turned into labels that, in turn, compartmentalize and marginalize ideas. The history of the word pacifism illustrates this process. It was created in 1901 in a deliberate effort to distinguish peace advocacy from antipatriotic defeatism and shirking of social responsibility.2 It meant the belief that international disputes should be resolved by peaceful means instead of war. Subsequently, the word was narrowed in common Anglo-American usage to connote the principled refusal to sanction any war or participate in military service.3 Thus, labels do matter because the more they are used, the more they constitute a new language whether technical or political - and the further removed they become from their historic usage. Perhaps it is for this reason, more than difficulties in pronunciation and etymology, that I prefer the phrase peace advocate to the word pacific-ism (although in his own historical writing Ceadel imbues the more technical term with content and context, thus making it more than a typological category). Adding difficulty, labels with contradictory meanings are fixed in the secondary literature. Thus, Roger Chickering and James Turner Johnson use the word Utopian to ascribe opposite characteristics to peace advocacy.4 Each use makes sense within the author's context, but the word cannot be generalized without losing the very distinctions to which each author points. And the substitution of another word does not resolve this problem. The word pacifism itself is a classic example of multiple usage. Peter Brock's historical canon is based on the use of pacifism in the strict sense of the principled refusal to sanction or participate in war, but the word is still used in its original and more general sense of substitut-
38
Charles Chatfield
ing peaceful processes for warfare, especially in European writing (and in Sandi Cooper's definitive history of the nineteenth-century European peace movement5). Introducing a new word (such as pacific-ism) does not relieve us of the task of interpreting the existing secondary and primary literature. There is also a subtle difference between definitions and distinctions. By definition we identify a subject of discourse in terms of precise outlines or boundaries, giving it a decisive and exclusive identity. By making a distinction, we use particular qualities to differentiate related subjects of discourse that can be understood only in relation to one another. Thus, having defined 'pacifism' as an exclusive position that rejects warfare altogether, Ceadel makes telling distinctions in relation to the focus, ethical inspiration, and political orientation of that rejection. Specific labels are not essential to the distinctions he makes, but context is crucial to relationships. Clearly defined categories are essential for political and historical distinctions, but analysis necessarily becomes modified in historical interpretation. Otherwise, the intellectual clarity implicit in typological categories would contravene the very ambiguity that is part of real life and therefore of real-life history. Perhaps this is why Peter Brock and John Howard Yoder, among others, willingly acknowledge variations in pacifism but resist rigid, definitive typologies of it.6 Ideas and ideologies interact only through persons and groups. People and organizations may be categorized, and that exercise contributes to our analytical description of their interactions. But this is not to be confused with understanding what they were about or thought they were about, or even what they thought about peace and war. Moreover, since distinctions beget distinctions, types beget types: absolutism, contingent absolutism, exemptionism. This may contribute to clarity of comparative analysis. But thus refined, intellectual distinctions can be misleading insofar as they articulate variations of thought as though they were discrete rather than relative positions, as abstract instead of contextual. In sum, linguistic fine-tuning is most appropriate to thinking about thought. In thinking about peace advocates and movements, though, it must not obscure the ambiguity of purpose that is often a fact of the life we seek to understand. These preliminary reflections on the value and limitations of categorical analysis can be extended in terms of some conventional categories of historic peace thinking.
Thinking about Peace in History
39
Just War, Peace Advocacy, and Pacifism
There is indeed a sense in which just war thought differs from both strict pacifism and peace advocacy in general.7 The just war tradition, although it limits war, accepts warfare as a given fact of social organization. By contrast, peace advocates have held that the abolition of war is possible and desirable, and strict pacifists have repudiated war altogether (although there is within the non-resistance tradition an important line of thought that regards violence as a given for unredeemed society). This distinction holds, however, only insofar as just war thought is understood as an intellectual and political paradigm (a model, for instance, of international relations). Understood as an ethical paradigm, the distinction breaks down.8 The just war tradition is, of course, misnamed, because it has not interpreted war as 'just' per se. It has held, rather, that warfare may be justifiable may constitute an ethical choice - if and only if it meets certain criteria for the authority and conduct of war (jus ad bellum and jus in bello). Insofar as the tradition delineates choices rather than wars, it offers an ethical paradigm. It was as moral philosophy that it was given systematic development by sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scholars - notably Franciscus de Victoria and Francisco Suares, William Ames and John Locke, and especially Hugo Grotius. Although they grounded their thought in natural law rather than formal theology, they were concerned with moral theory. Grotius sought an alternative to those who, as he wrote, 'believe that in war nothing is lawful' and those 'for whom all things are lawful in war.'9 That was the objective of St Augustine well before Grotius and of Reinhold Niebuhr long after: to bring warfare within the purview of moral law. Although the moral theory of justifiable war has been interpreted quite differently in various eras, it has consistently been assumed that a choice for or against warfare is relative to and contingent upon political circumstances. As an ethical model, therefore, it could be (and has often been) consonant with peace advocacy in general, insofar as both are moral theories of relative goodness. Limiting the scope of war is consonant with increasing the sphere of peace. In Ceadel's terms, both are reformist. In this respect, the just war tradition has differed from strict, or absolute pacifism, for which war is intrinsically unethical (at least for the pacifist community), but even here one must be careful. In some of its early versions, as again recently, the tradition incorporated
40
Charles Chatfield
the obligation of conscientious objection to specific wars in the light of just war criteria.10 Moreover, Immanuel Kant framed his views on Perpetual Peace (1795) on the explicit assumption that there is no fundamental dichotomy between practical politics and intrinsic values. Whatever the merits of that position, its meaning derives from an ethical paradigm. Understood as a historical paradigm, too, just war thought has been consonant with general peace advocacy. It is becoming clear, for example, that the medieval formulation of just war codes such as the Peace and Truce of God was part of a vast process of social transformation.11 A similar process seems to have taken place during the Renaissance, when aggressive war was defined and proscribed in recognition of national sovereignty.12 Or, to return to Grotius, his historical context dictated that his exposition of just war thought presaged peace advocacy: why else was he and not his predecessors remembered as 'the father of international law'? It was, as one of his translators remarked, 'that Europe, with feudalism in its death-throes and Church and Empire riven asunder, had urgent need of a general theory of the State, of the nation, and its organization. The contractual theory of government was now rising out of the dissolving feudal system, and here was Grotius frankly developing that theory by a bold assimilation of public powers to private rights. So it was the general course of events, the very atmosphere of a rapidly changing and developing Europe, that determined the reputation and influence that the De Jure Belli was to enjoy and command.'13 As a historical phenomenon, then, the just war tradition has been consonant with the program of peace advocates. Indeed, the internationalism of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries heralded a social transformation on a global scale. One part of this has been the development of the law of war as an encompassing and 'homogeneous body of rules applicable to the modern state of war.' These rules are fully consolidated and codified, and they are now widely acknowledged even when they are violated. The law of war epitomizes the just war tradition. Whether or not it has limited warfare, it has expanded the concept of international community to include protection for individuals, and it has also imposed obligations upon state and non-state groups (both intergovernmental agencies and such non-governmental groups as liberation movements and guerillas), all of which are bound together 'by the reason of equality of belligerence.'14 In this historical context the just war tradition has been not only consonant with peace advocacy but an instrument of it.
Thinking about Peace in History
41
In any case, the relationship of the just war tradition, peace advocacy, and strict pacifism hinges on a distinction between intellectual or political constructs and ethical or historical paradigms. As an intellectual construct or political program, warfare itself is not a justifiable institution for peace advocates or pacifists. In a specific historical situation or in a relative and contingent ethic, however, a war can command the reluctant endorsement of peace advocates as being justifiable, although not the endorsement of strict pacifists (at least not for themselves). Existential circumstances determine to what extent peace advocates respond to political possibilities or a sense of ethical obligation. Moreover, the interplay between these three traditions over time suggests that periods and processes of historical transformation offer categories of peace history as important as specific ideologies of war and peace. Varieties of Peace Advocacy Perhaps it would be useful to redefine the relationship of the three conventional traditions in historical terms. To begin with, we might identify all intellectual positions, organization, and activity designed to limit, eliminate, or reject warfare as forms of peace advocacy. Quite simply, our universe of discourse is that which denies the inherent, positive value of war and seeks alternatives to it.15 It is the alternative to militarism. This definition is not quite arbitrary, since it encompasses all those who historically have claimed to favour and advance peace over war, even if they believed that warfare is in some sense inescapable. It does not include those who have argued that war is inherently good, even if they claimed that it results in some kind of peace. Until at least the later medieval phase of Western civilization, war was indeed regarded as an inevitable characteristic of social organization. That assumption qualified two broad categories of peace advocacy: efforts to limit and control warfare, and refusals to participate in it. The first was developed in the diplomacy of the Greek city states and the rules of warfare assumed by the Roman empire. It was articulated by St Augustine and others in terms of moral criteria, which in conjunction with codes of chivalry, custom, and canon law, evolved into the just war tradition. The second was institutionalized in the early Christian church. It was periodically
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2023-01-12T21:22:36+00:00
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I’ll warn you that this article includes an image that’s more than a tad racist. I’ve put it at the bottom. I’m hoping that your journey through this article will put its inclusion in context. I didn’t plan to write this one. I was looking for information on the old loading dock for a walking […]
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The History of Little Bay
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https://historyoflittlebay.com/dr-henry-eales/
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I’ll warn you that this article includes an image that’s more than a tad racist. I’ve put it at the bottom. I’m hoping that your journey through this article will put its inclusion in context.
I didn’t plan to write this one. I was looking for information on the old loading dock for a walking trail sign in the journals of James Howley. Howley, as you may know, was the man who mapped Newfoundland. In 1878 he was in the area of Little Bay mine working toward that map. I was looking for an old wharf in his journal but like everyone else in Newfoundland lately I ended up looking for a doctor. I found a whole lot more. I don’t know what I’m going to find when I start digging. That said, I never expect unicorns. This one has unicorns.
To tell this story right I’ll need to give you a refresh on Little Bay’s earliest history. The town of Little Bay was founded by Baron Franz Ellershausen and ran by his partner Adolph Guzman. It was built to support a copper mine. The copper deposit that started it all was first discovered by a hunter named Robert Colbourne. Colbourne uncovered the ore accidentally but he couldn’t claim it right away. This was because the lease for the land was held by Guzman and a man named Dr. William Stirling. As luck would have it their lease was about to run out. Colbourne’s plan was to wait until that happened before claiming the lease and announcing his big find. He was going to be rich. There was one problem. Colbourne had a big mouth. The Baron found out and sent someone to sort Colbourne out. The person he sent was Dr. Henry Eales.
This next part is documented by Howley who found Eales at his camp in Wild Bight (modern day Beachside). Dr. Eales was freaking out because he didn’t know how he was going to complete this important mission that the Baron had sent him on. He asks Howley for advice. Howley concocts the plan to tell Colbourne that they already know about his ruse and that they can find the ore on their own without him. Colbourne takes the bait and shows Eales the find in a last ditch attempt to get anything for his discovery. What he received was a bag of flour and a pat on the back. The location he gave up would be sold for 2.2 million dollars just a couple of years later. In rereading Howley what stood out to me was the vital role Dr. Eales played in the venture. He was pivotal to Little Bay’s history but I didn’t know anything about him.
So, like I do, I decided to get to know him. He proved to be more than a little elusive. Getting his details was a challenge but I’m stubborn. I didn’t have much to go on. Just his name really – Dr. Eales. A quick search of the newspaper databases gave me little else, just a few mentions when he boarded a steamer. Genealogical work hadn’t been done on him either so even finding his dates of birth and death proved an undertaking and once found they provided me with little else. This one wasn’t going to be easy but the harder they are to figure out, the more I want to know them. Like I said – stubborn.
Dr. Eales had me transfixed. The part he played was important but brief. He must have held an esteemed position but there was little mention of him. Checking the mining histories told me he had shipped ore from a mine called Burton’s Pond. I combed over Howley’s journals for more details. Two stood out. The first was that Eales was responsible for designing the tramway at Betts Cove. This was an insight. Betts Cove was the first Newfoundland town created by the Baron and his posse. So maybe Eales had been called to do that. This could explain why he seemed tight with the Germans. The second was that he was friends with Governor Glover. John Hawley Glover had only taken the position of Governor of Newfoundland in 1876. 1876 was also the earliest reference I’d found placing Eales on the island. This could be something…
In Glover’s biography I found a brief mention of Eales. It had him serving on the HMS Prometheus. This was good. This put Dr. Eales in the British Navy. Things started to unlock from there. I quickly found that Dr. Eales became an assistant surgeon in 1849 and staff surgeon in 1859. That flushed him out a little but the bigger clue was the name of his ship – HMS Prometheus. I could track a ship. I found that during Eales tenure onboard it was in Africa on an anti-slavery mission. In fact it was stationed in a harbour at Lagos under the command of Norman Bedingfield.
Lagos is in modern day Nigeria so I started looking for first hand accounts from that time and place. And guess whose writings I found? None other than Sir Richard Francis Burton. Burton’s exploration of Africa is heaped in controversy and the stuff of legend but more importantly for this story is the fact that he documented everything he did. The account of his trek into inland Africa made mention of his two accompanying companions by name. They were Commander Bedingfield and his staff surgeon Dr. Henry Eales. Now to give you some temporal context this is 1861. American slavery would end in 1865 and the European scramble for Africa wouldn’t officially start until 1885. The interior of the African continent was largely unmapped and unexplored by Europeans. It was referred to as ‘The White Man’s Grave’ because most sent in failed to come back out. This was largely due to disease. Dr. Eales was brought along because he had come up with some treatments. So this was why Burton wanted him along but if you’re like me you’re probably wondering why Eales willingly joined such a perilous jaunt. I’m glad you asked. The answer is unicorns. You read that right. According to Burton, Dr. Eales was a romantic who believed unicorns were real and that they roamed there. He wanted to be the man to discover them for all that fancy scientific prestige and whatnot. This was wild. Now I don’t want to sidetrack too far into Burton’s story but he also mentioned a sketch that he drew during the journey. Commander Bedingfield was meeting with the Akuna. Eales sat on Bedingfield’s right. Burton, from behind them, sketched the scene. This is why I’ve included the picture at the bottom. The sketch by none other than Sir Richard Francis Burton shows the back of our Dr. Eales’ head. What an unusual find!
Next we’ll fast forward to 1862 when Commander Bedingfield gets the Prometheus stuck on a rock. Burton pens a letter back to England mocking him and Britain decides Lagos needs more oversight. They send down a Governor named Freeman. Accompanying him is an assistant with some sailing experience by the name of Glover. Yes, it’s the same Glover but don’t jump ahead of me now. Allow me to take you there. Glover manages to unstick the boat which impresses everyone and Burton documents the event while pointing out that this Glover guy is going places. When Freeman died in 1865 Glover was the obvious choice for replacement and so got the governor job. Glover used his new power to make Eales the town doctor and the two became chums but not long after that Eales comes down with a case of extreme dysentery and shits himself all the way back to England. He doesn’t have enough time served for a pension so his new buddy Glover goes to bat for him.
Obviously, not everyone in Africa was happy with the increasing European power on display and Glover’s administration winds up in an armed conflict with the Egbas at Ikorodu. Glover leads his enemy into a trap and a bunch of people die. Now the British mission in Lagos was anti-slavery and it’s reported that this was a conflict with slavers. You can make of that as you will but I will point out that this trap was set in a quarry. Eales was back home in Britain at this time but one of his many talents was surveying and we’re not quite sure why Glover moved him to the shore in the first place. About now you’re no doubt remembering that this whole narrative voyage started with historical mining in Newfoundland. The relevant piece of this Glover fiasco for our story is that back in Britain Dr. Eales got called in for a cross examination. This provides us with three pages worth of minutes transcribed in which Eales goes to bat for his buddy Glover just like Glover had done for him when he caught that bad case of the super poops. In the end Mr. Glover got a reward for his efforts. What was his big prize you might ask. It was Newfoundland. He gets to be the Governor of Newfoundland. Do you think they’re even now? Kinda sounds like Glover owes Eales one. He wouldn’t be the last.
This brings us back to 1876. You’ll remember that this is the same year we can first place Dr. Henry Eales on the rock. So now that we’ve come full circle lets reexamine the few references we have to Dr. Eales in Newfoundland while I propose a reinterpretation of events. But before that lets do a quick recap on the situation in Newfoundland with a few more details added for good measure.
In 1865 a surveyor named Robert Knight discovered the Betts Cove and Burton’s Pond deposits but for reasons unknown, the government interfered with his attempts to get them developed. Knight sells it to our Germans to pay off some owed debts and dies broke in 1873 without seeing the claims worked. Adolf Guzman shows up and starts developing Betts Cove and his boss, the Baron Franz von Ellershausen, followed him there in 1874. The Betts Cove mine opened in 1875. Glover became Governor of Newfoundland in 1876 and that same year Dr. Eales leased Burton’s Pond. We first find Eales travelling north on a steamship in November that year. Eales sends off a bunch of ore from Burton’s Pond but he also designs the tramway for Betts Cove.
I think this explains what Eales was doing in Newfoundland. The Baron was bloody selective about appointments in his towns and the surgeon he had called for was Dr. Stafford in Montreal. Eales wasn’t here for no doctoring. It was his surveying and engineering talents they wanted and Burton’s Pond was probably his payment. It wasn’t enough though and Howley has documented the doctor’s disappointment with that operation. Nevertheless, we can now see how he got in so tight with the Germans. But for how he knew to come to Newfoundland so impossibly immediately we have to turn to his relationship with Governor Glover.
I’ll point you to the writings of Reverend Harvey first. Harvey gets a bad wrap for exaggerating and misremembering stuff but I see no reason to doubt his account here as it’s backed up by Glover’s own record. Harvey travelled across Newfoundland with the Governor in 1878 to see the new mine being worked at Little Bay. One of the men in their party was our man Dr. Henry Eales. Howley, on the other hand, recorded this event in 1880. The popular opinion is that Howley got the date wrong. I don’t think that’s what’s going on. The journal of the house of assembly mentions that Governor Glover took an annual trip to visit various parts of Newfoundland and I know for certain that he went to Betts Cove on the HMS Gulnare in 1877. I would suggest that he made this summer trip multiple times and visited Henry Eales. Rev. Harvey points out that the two men had a lot to talk about as they’d both been to Africa and Howley mentions what a grand time the party enjoyed together. They were old friends. I think we can safely say Eales came to Newfoundland because of Glover and placing his talents in the mining region was an obvious choice.
With all of this in mind let’s reconsider the role Dr. Eales played in the starting of Little Bay. Robert Colbourne discovers the deposit. The Baron dispatches Eales to get it from him. Eales manages to pull off the impossible and now they have a find worth millions that they’ve paid for with a bag of flour. They have Dr. Eales to thank for that. What does Eales get out of it? I think I know. Now I’ve tossed a lot of names at you so far so I’ll forgive you if you’ve forgotten one from the beginning – a certain Twillingate doctor by the name of William Stirling. The lease that Colbourne was waiting to run out wasn’t just in Guzman’s name. It also had Dr. Stirling’s name on it but consider if Stirling wasn’t privy to the plot. So the situation is such that the Germans owed Eales an awfully big favour. I propose that it was in order to pay that back that they changed the name on the claim from Stirling to Eales. They pulled off such a feat because they had an ace up their sleeve. Baron Ellershausen’s lawyer was William Whiteway and Whiteway was Newfoundland’s premier. So it was all easy peasy, right? Nope, not so easy. Maybe it would have been but William Stirling wasn’t going down without a fight.
In Howley’s journal we find a scene in which Eales shows up in a panic. Ellershausen had sent him to find Howley to help settle a dispute on the claim. Dr. Eales heads off to find the maps. Howley thinks this settles it. I suspect Stirling didn’t agree. But now we know there was a dispute regarding the Little Bay claim. This is still only 1878 – year one for Little Bay. The government sends two men (Donnelly and Murry) to visit Little Bay the following year. The newspaper coverage paints it a friendly visit but the journal of the house of assembly recorded things differently. They were sent out to settle an ownership dispute. How much do you want to bet this is all the same thing? The Whiteway papers record that Dr. Stirling regained partial control of the lease in 1881. In 1882 the lease got split between the bunch. Included on the lease now are; Baron Ellershausen, his son in-law William Colchester, his business partner Adolph Guzman, the character of our focus Dr. Henry Eales, and their rival in this whole operation the good Dr. William Stirling. Whiteway concocted this everybody-wins solution and Dr. Stirling was most upset with the arrangement. I’m going to suggest that William Stirling wasn’t the only one it managed to piss off. Things are finalized in 1882 but this feud started back in 1878. I don’t think it took time off for good behaviour. So with that in mind consider the context of the departure of the Germans and our Dr. Henry Eales.
I have to critique some of Wendy Martin’s work. Before I do, I’ll say that her work is exceptional. That said, something has long sat weird with me. It’s how suddenly the Germans abandoned the Little Bay property. Martin suggests that following some financial losses, the unexpected death of the Baron’s friend William Dickson in 1880 was the catalyst. I’d like to reconsider this conclusion. I don’t see the Baron as someone who gives up on a project because he’s sad. I know from the Baron’s first attempt to sell the Betts Cove property that it required the approval of a board of directors. He had to buy them out first before he could include it with the sale of Little Bay. I therefore wonder if the upcoming addition of Dr. Stirling’s name to the Little Bay lease risked offsetting the German’s control going forward and the loss of a supporter made it painfully clear that Stirling’s inclusion could do them all a lot more damage later.
Let’s consider some other things that happen around this time that have largely gone unexplained. Guzman suddenly ordered his men to fill Peyton shaft with rocks. That never made sense… but wait a minute isn’t Stirling’s name on that claim? The Germans next moved over to work on the Hall’s Bay shaft. Martin points out that Whiteway took a shot at getting Stirling’s name off that one too. It didn’t work. That shaft was later renamed to Stirling shaft after Dr. Stirling’s daughter, Georgina Stirling, the famous opera singer, added her voice. So I propose that the sudden sale of Little Bay mine by the Baron can be better explained with reference to the rest of these events. It was the choice to put Henry Eales on the Little Bay lease that set in motion a feud with William Stirling. That feud made the future of the whole operation untenable. This is what I ended up at. I was just trying to find a doctor!
I’ll mention a few extra facts to support my interpretation. I’ve never found Dr. Stirling in Little Bay during any of this mess but he makes appearances there after it’s all over as an honoured guest. The next mine manager following Guzman was E.C. Wallace and one of the first things he does is head to Twillingate to stand in William Stirling’s daughter’s wedding. And finally, when Wallace is later injured in Africa it’s a doctor he knew from Betts Cove that informs the media as the two were pen pals. I’ll let you guess who that was. It wasn’t Dr. Eales.
Henry Eales hightailed it out of Newfoundland. I believe it’s for the same reason the Germans did. They’d pissed off the wrong Twillingate doctor. I can find no reference to Dr. Eales in Newfoundland after 1880 and in 1881 he’s back in Britain as recorded on the census there. In 1880 there was a return on Eales’ application for lease issued and from 1881 onward his royalty on the lease went unpaid. He was done with Newfoundland. He made an appearance at the unveiling of Glover’s bust in England after his death though so it looks like their friendship survived the ordeal.
Maybe the doctor left Newfoundland in a huff but I’d guess he did so with a cut of that 2.2 million dollars. If he cried about it at all he probably did so into piles and piles of cash. Dr. Henry Eales doesn’t appear to work again after this. The British census records him as a retired surgeon. In 1886 he married a single mother twenty years his junior and lived the rest of his life with her in England. It’s a solid guess that he spent those years regaling her with tales of mining and medicine… and maybe, just maybe he told her about that time he went looking for unicorns.
Henry Eales died in 1912. He was 89.
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http://ngb.chebucto.org/Newspaper-Obits/twil-sun-1894-jul-aug.shtml
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Twillingate Sun 1894
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Welcome to Newfoundland's Grand Banks Genealogy site. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history.
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Politics False Statements. Some of the Tories who lately returned from St. John's have falsely reported that Sir William WHITEWAY has gone to England and that he was summoned there by the Imperial authorities. It is scarcely necessary for us to say that such a statement is a gross and deliberate falsehood, as any one of common sense must know. Sir William WHITEWAY, or any other Premier, is in no respect amenable to the Imperial government for his political actions in this colony. The people are the only real tribunal that he need fear, and when an opportunity offers, there is no question but they will endorse his policy more so than ever in the past, and return his party to power with sweeping majorities. It is true that the Courts of our land may decide against him, but it is even possible for prejudice to permeate the highest earthly tribunals in existence, and more eminent interpreters of law than those who administer law and justice in our land may take an entirely different view of the statute under which these election cases have been tried, and just as correctly, come to the conclusion that the decisions given have been wrong, taking into consideration all the circumstances surrounding the election, and the custom that has prevailed regarding the expenditure of public monies for more than fifty years. But as we have said, the report of the People's Leader being summoned to England is a pure fabrication of the Tories. It is by falsehood and deception that they have hedged into power, and they are going to try to hold on by the same unmanly and unprincipled course of action, but they are not likely to succeed as the electorate of the colony are not going to be imposed on the this unpatriotic manner. A Noble-Hearted Priest By advices from Coachman's Cove, as well as from information furnished by the shipwrecked people themselves, we are placed in possession of pretty well all the details regarding the loss of the ill-fated schooner "Rose", while on her way to Labrador. Most of those details have already appeared in these columns; but there is one circumstance connected with the unfortunate affair which deserves special mention. We refer to the self-sacrificing conduct of the noble-hearted Roman Catholic priest of Coachman's Cove - the Rev. Father SHEAN. As soon as the survivors reached port and he became acquainted with the disaster, the Reverend gentleman hastened to their relief. He found them in the deepest distress, and some of them with no covering beyond their scanty night-clothes. His big generous heart was touched and the tears ran down his cheeks at the sight of so much human suffering. But he did not stop here: with a bag across his shoulders he proceeded from house to house, among his hospitable people, getting a coat here, a dress there, and some other article somewhere else, until the bag was filled, when he returned to the sufferers, placed the contents at their disposal and continued his labor of love, not resting till all that could possibly be done for them was accomplished. In this pre-eminently selfish age, such actions as these shine across the pathway of life like bright rays of sunlight after a dark and stormy night. We are proud to find among the outlying settlements of the colony, men of Father SHEAN's goodness of soul; and we may be sure that our pride is not lessened anything by the fact that he is a native Newfoundlander - a Newfoundlander "to the manor born". - Evening Telegram, July 3. Caplin There has been an abundance of caplin in some of the coves this week and many barrels have been taken for manure. Shipping News The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, comes North this trip. She did not leave St. John's until Thursday evening, and may be looked for here some time this evening. Her trip extends as far as Griquet this time. The next trip of the Northern coastal steamer will extend as far as Red Bay, Labrador to connect with the mail steamer "Windsor Lake", which was to have left St. John's on the 2nd inst. For the coast, going as far as Hopedale and Fanny's Harbor the first trip. (The "Grand Lake" left Seldom-Come-By, 10.30 this morning and will be expected here about five or six o'clock this evening.) The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for St. John's on Thursday morning with a cargo or seal oil for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The "Terra Nova" arrived from St. John's Thursday afternoon. Late local papers were received by her, extracts from which will be found in other columns. The "Mary Parker," Capt. CARTER, belonging to E. DUDER, left for St. John's last Saturday evening with a cargo of oil and returned on Thursday, bringing a load of merchandise. She made the round trip in five days. Codfish Codfish have been exceedingly scarce around our shores the past week, and scarcely anything at all has been done. The prospect has not been worse for many years. Diphtheria Diphtheria has been prevalent at Leading Tickles for some time past, and Dr. SCOTT has been visiting that locality to give medical treatment to the afflicted ones. Mr. James NOSEWORTHY at Thimble Tickles (a place near by) we are sorry so say, lost five children from this disease. New S.A. Yacht A new yacht built at Robert's Arm the past winter by Mr. Francis WARR for the Salvation Army, arrived here from that place last Saturday evening. This little craft is called the "Salvationist." She is a handsome model, sloop rigged, about thirty tons, and is intended for evangelistic work on the Labrador for which she appears to be admirably adapted. This, no doubt, is a step in the right direction on the part of the Salvation Army. Exploration Party TABOR and LLOYD Exploring Party. The TABOR and LLOYD exploration party sailed for Labrador in the s.s. "Swallow" this morning. They go as far as Nain on the Labrador coast. The members of the party are; TABOR and LLOYD leaders; MURPHY, manager of the drills; REGADD, seaman; WHELAN, pilot; and RENDELL, chief engineer. The party were photographed in a group. There was a general hand-shaking. good byes and good luck to you. - Daily News, June 30. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered. July 2 - "My Lady", LARSON, Cadiz, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K....ES, 160 tons, salt - OWEN & EARLE; July 3 - "Percy," HUXHAM, Cadiz, 196 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared. June 30 "Nikita," K.....ES, St. John's, ballast - Captain; July 5 - "Western Lass," BARTLETT, Harbor Grace, ballast - Captain. Birth On the 27th ult., the wife of Mr. Archibald BARRETT, a son. Married At St. John's on the 27th ult., by the Rev. Dr. HARVEY, William H. THOMPSON, Esq., of Harbor Grace, to Clara Maria SCOTT, eldest daughter of Robert SCOTT, Esq., of Fogo. Died At Thimble Tickle, Leading Tickles, of diphtheria, the following children of James NOSEWORTHY: On June 7, Albert, aged 1 years; June 11, Charlotte, aged 3 years; June 17, James, aged 9 years; June 20th, Elijah, aged 12 years; June 24th, Henry, aged 7 years. Died At St. John's on the 26th ult., Jessie [looks like RHYMA ] Holmes, beloved wife of Ernest G. MARTIN. Little Bay Closed (Part 1) "Mining Operations Suspended at Little Bay." "Need for Public Works." It is with much regret that we learn of the closing down of Little Bay mine. The vigorous operations that have been carried on there have given remunerative employment to hundreds of our people, and the suspension of work will be a severe loss, not alone to the place, but to the district and the country in general. It is over a year since operations were considerably curtailed, and it was hoped all along that a fresh impetus would again be given to the mining industry there, but we are sorry to find that such hopes have been blighted, as instructions were received to the effect that operations are to be entirely suspended for the present. A considerable quantity of ore has been taken out the past winter and spring, and it cannot be altogether owing to the scarcity of copper ore that such an action has been taken on the part of the owners, as we learn, of late the mine is looking better than for some time past. Little Bay Closed (Part 2) But as it is quite deep, and other expensive machinery would be required shortly for raising the ore to the surface, the low price of copper just now may not warrant the proprietors in making the large additional expenditure necessary for carrying on operations, and this may be one of the chief reasons why they have ceased. But it is hoped that it is not for very long. At any rate it is a sad blow for Little Bay as there are many families there who were solely depending on the employment which the working of this mine gave, and now that this forum is closed, they know not where to look for support. Seeing that so many of our people have thus been unexpectedly thrown out of work, it is only right and proper that the Government (of which Mr. GOODRIDGE is now Premier and has the power), should come to their assistance in this emergency, and we trust that no time will be lost in dealing with this important matter. There is that road from Hall's Bay to Exploits, to connect with the railway, which was started last year by the WHITEWAY government, and on which a large number of men could be employed. Little Bay Closed (Part 3) This will be found to be a most valuable road, notwithstanding what has been said to the contrary by opponents of the WHITEWAY party. It was used last winter as the mail route for that part of the district, and the short time that the mails were received from St. John's alone, shows its value. The money for such work is already provided, as there is upwards of forty thousand dollars of the amount raised by the WHITEWAY government still unexpended, and if the GOODRIDGE party include such expenditures on public works as bribery under the Election Act, they need not be afraid that such a mean, cowardly and unmanly advantage will be taken of them by the Whitewayites, in thus providing our Little Bay people, or others, with labor on this road, out of the balance remaining over for railway connecting roads. Therefore we trust that prompt action will be taken on their behalf. Death "Death of Mr. R.G. STORY." The sad intelligence was received here on Saturday last of the death of the Rev. G.P. STORY, ex-president of the Methodist Conference. He had been residing at Whitbourne the past year and was in tolerably good health until a little over a month since, when he was taken very ill, and was removed to St. John's about a fortnight before his death. Mr. STORY was a Guardian and Chaplain of the Methodist Home before the buildings were destroyed by fire in 1892, and was re-appointed to that position by the Conference which closed at St. John's last week. Last year, the honor was conferred upon him of being elected as President of the Conference, and worthily filled that important office. In his demise, the Methodist Church has lost a true and valiant worker and one that is likely to be greatly missed in the execution of plans for the furtherance of the various agencies in connection with the Methodist denomination in this colony. Though he may be personally unknown to many of our readers in these parts, we dare say his name is familiar to hundreds, particularly to the Methodist people, as he was editor of the Methodist Monthly Greeting, which finds its way into many of their homes. We tender our sympathy to the sorrowing wife and family in their bereavement. Escapade "Yesterday's Escapade at SHEA's". There was an amusing escapade on SHEA's wharf yesterday. Messrs. MARSHALL & RODGERS, who have refused payment of duty on goods under the present Tory regime, concluded yesterday to get up a few cases of stock, very much called for by customers. To avoid Tory red-tapeism, they paid duty on those distinct cases, and procured a permit. Mr. RODGERS proceeded to SHEA's wharf with a carman and had those cases put on the car, and, before he had time to take the permit from his pocket, tidewaiters, who had 'till then been in other parts, came hastily along and began throwing off the load without any painstaking or questions. Meanwhile, Mr. SHEA came down and spoke in vehement terms of pains and penalties. Mr. RODGERS gave a happy side smile at the fili-busters; then added: "Look here, George, you have notified us to take away our goods. Now I have come down with a car and you cry out against it. See here, I want to know what time will suit you for me to come down with a few dozen cars, and take the lot away. Will half-past two do?" "Oh! It is no use in your coming down like that," replied Mr. SHEA, "I will have the doors closed." and away he skipped. Then the permit was produced, accompanied with the imperative order: "Load up that car again," and the tide-waiters had to do so. Meanwhile, some Customs officials ran to the Colonial Building to report a riot on for 2.30; while Mr. SHEA rang up the telephone and related to Fort Townsend and other places, particulars of the scenes that were to be. Policemen were marched down, and other necessary precautions against "another riot" were taken. The poor Tories were on a string, and suffered enough mental worry to cause serious prostration, while Mr. RODGERS, like a good citizen, went his way laughing - Telegram, July 4. Draft of Stations (Part 1) "Methodist Conference". Final Draft of Stations. George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., President. A.D. MORTON, M.A., Secretary. I - St. John's District 1. St. John's (Gower Street) A.D. MORTON, M.A. 2. St. John's West, H.P. COWPERTHWAITE, M.A.; J.J. BLYTHE, James DOVE, Supernumary; George S. MILLIGAN, L.L.D., Superintendant of Education by permission of Conference. 3. St. John's East, John PRATT, Geo. P. STORY, Governor and Chaplin of Home. 4. Pouch Cove, H.C. HATCHER, B.D. 5. Topsail, A. HILL. 6. Brigus, W.T.D. DUNN. 7. Cupids, S. MATTHEWS, C.W. FOLLETT. 8. Bay Roberts, etc., F.G. WILLEY. 9. Whitbourne and Railway Mission, John REAY. 10. Flower's Cove, Supply. 11. St. Anthony, Charles SQUIRES. 12. Red Bay, Akyroyd STONEY. 13. Hamilton Inlet. Supply. 14. Chapel Arm, under superindendance of J. REAY. 15. Sound Island, T.E. ROBERTS. 16. Labrador, summer months, C.W. FOLLETT, J.J. DURRANT, left without appointment at his own request. Students attending Sackville University: J.E. PETERS, C. FLEMINGTON, W. PATTERSON, W.B. AMBROSE, A.N. ANTLE, Herbert CLEGG, George STONEY. Wm. SEALEY attending Victoria University by permission of Conference. A.C. SKINNER attending Boston University by permission of Conference. Draft of Stations (Part 2) II - Carbonear District: 17. Carbonear, James NURSE, G.E. HEAL. 18. Harbor Grace, William SWANN. 19. Freshwater, Jesse HAYFIELD. 20. Blackhead, Samuel SNOWDEN. 21. Western Bay, William KENDALL. 22. Lower Island Cove, Wm. R. TRATT. 23. Old Perlican, R. FREEMAN. 24. Hant's Harbor, James WILSON. 25. Heart's Content, J. PINCOCK. 26. Green's Harbor, W.J. BARTLETT. 27. Shoal Harbor, John PYE. 28. Northern Bight, Jas. SMITH, B.A. 29. Britannia Cove, F.G. DRAKE. W.SWANN, Chairman; W.KENDALL, Fin. Secy. III - Bonavista District: 30. Bonavista, T.W. ATKINSON. 31. Bird Island Cove, A.A. HOLMES. 32. Catalina, Mark FENWICK. 33. Trinity, Edgar TAYLOR. 34. Musgrave Town, W.H. DATCHON. 35. Glover Town, Wm. J. LUSCOMBE. 36. Greenspond, Charles LEACH. 37. Wesleyville, Jabez HILL. 38. Musgrave Harbor, T.B. DARBY, B.A. 39. Indian Islands, etc., H.J. INDOE, B.A. 40. Fogo, J.J. WHEATLEY. 41. Herring Neck, William HARRIS. 42. Twillingate, .. Curtis, B.A.; W.W. EDMUNSON. 43. Morton's Harbor, S.J. RUSSELL. 44. Exploits, Henry SCOTT. 45. Laurence, etc., Selby JEFFERSON. 46. Little Bay Islands, etc., Wm. J. HUTCHESON; Edgar JONES. 47. Little Bay, Wm. H. BROWNING. 48. Nipper's Harbor, etc., J.C. SEDEY; Edwin MOORE. 49. White Bay, James OPIE. Wm. REX left without appointment at his own request. Jabez HILL, Chairman. Mark FENWICK, Fin. Secy. Draft of Stations (Part 3) IV - Burin District: 50. Burin, T.H. JAMES. 51. Spoon Cove, Charles HOWSE. 52. Flat Islands. A.E. ROWSON. 53. St. Pierre, One wanted. 54. Fortune, George PAINE. 55. Grand Bank, G.C. FRAZER. 56. Garnish, etc., R.K. PECK. 57. Burgeo, Supply. 58. Petites, Eugene FORSEY. 59. Channel, J.T. NEWMAN. 60. St. George's Bay, Jas. J. KELLY. 61. Bay of Islands, etc., R.M.B. 62. Bonne Bay, J.C.B. PECK. 63. French Shore, Supply. T.H. JAMES, Chairman; J.T. NEWMAN Fin. Secy. The following resolution was adopted: -- "That on behalf of the young men ordained on Monday night, July 2nd, the best thanks of the Conference be presented to the Rev. Dr. CARMAN, D.D. General Superintendent, for his very able, earnest and impressive charge delivered on that occasion, and that the same be published in the 'Greeting' ." Schooners Collide "A Collision". A schooner called the "Mary Jane", Archelaus TAYLOR, master, of Harbor Grace, while beating into St. Anthony Harbor one day last week, was run into by the schooner "Blanche", Thos. LANE, of Ragged Harbor, Trinity Bay, and in a few minutes the Mary Jane went to the bottom, the crew, seven in all, barely having time to jump on the other craft and get clear before going down. It was blowing a stiff breeze at the time and the Mary Jane had just tacked to clear a craft at anchor, and to avoid the land, and the Blanche, it is said, was going across the harbor, and might easily have avoided a collision. She struck about amidships, cutting the side in about twenty-two inches, and was immediately proceeding on her way, without stopping to see what damage had been done, or whether the craft would "sink or swim". The Mary Jane was going to the Labrador fishing and the loss is a severe one to all concerned. Shipping News The "Terra Nova" touched here yesterday from Indian Arm with a cargo of lumber for St. John's. The schooner "A.G. Heisler," Capt. McKINNON, arrived from Sydney this morning with a cargo of coal for Harvey & Co. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", arrived here Thursday morning going South. She reports a little being done with the fish about St. Anthony and other places along the coast. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, returned from St. John's last evening, bringing back a cargo of provisions, &c., for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. She left there eight o'clock the previous morning and had a nice run home. The "Victoria", James NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay Thursday night, having gone there some time ago on a trading trip for Mr. WATERMAN. She brought back about 400 seals in casks and a quantity of seal skins. The fishery prospects in some parts of White Bay are very fair. The "Ocean Traveller" and "Notre Dame", belonging to Mr. R. QUIRK Fortune Harbor, left here for Labrador this week, one on Wednesday and the other on Thursday. The "Star of the Sea," Maurice CARROL, master, of same place, also sailed on Thursday for Labrador. The steam launch "Lance," belonging to Messrs. Job Brothers, St. John's, employed this year on the Bay to connect with the train at Norris' Arm, made her first visit here on Saturday evening last. Mr. John DALTON is in charge, who no doubt is well acquainted with the route the little steamer has to take. The Lance is much the same size as the "Matilda," but for political reasons the GOODRIDGE party preferred going to St. John's for a steamer to perform the bay service this season. The route is different from last year, but whether it will prove as satisfactory to the general public remains to be seen. Weather It has been splendid growing weather of late and crops are looking well. Labrador Fleet All the Labrador fleet have taken their departure. We trust that favorable winds and weather will accompany them and that success will attend their efforts. The Fishery There is little or no improvement in the fishery around here the past week. A few boats got as much as a quintal one or two days but on the whole it is very scarce. All around this part of the shore it is much the same. At North West Arm, Green Bay, the early part of the week some boats did very well, getting from two to three quintals per day. Death Mr. Thomas BUCKLEY, of St. John's, died very suddenly of heart disease at Comfort Cove on the 3rd inst. Dr. STAFFORD left here in the "Fleta" to attend him but before he reached the place, death had done its fatal work. His body was conveyed to St. John's per "Grand Lake". Death We are sorry to learn of the death of J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector of Little Bay, which took place on the 6th inst. He was in his 78th year, and although attaining this ripe age, he appeared to be quite smart and active until within a few months of his death. For nearly twenty years he has filled the office of Sub-Collector, first at Bett's Cove and then at Little Bay and was a most efficient officer. He bore his illness patiently and entered calmly into rest at an advanced age. To his sorrowing wife and family we tender our sympathy - under the trying ordeal through which they have thus been called to pass. Death We learn that Mr. John FRAMPTON, of Exploits, passed peacefully away on the 7th inst., at the advanced age of 70 years. He was one of the old standards, and for some years held the post of ferryman, and sexton in the Methodist church, which positions he filled satisfactorily. His funeral took place on Sunday last and was largely attended by relatives and friends, the ceremony being performed by the Lay Reader, Mr. Simon MANUEL, in the absence of Rev. Wm. SCOTT, who was attending Conference. For many years, Mr. FRAMPTON was a member of the Methodist Society, and was a well meaning man and consistent Christian. His end was peace. We sympathise with the bereaved family in their bereavement. Birth On the 9th inst., the wife of Mr. Charles BISHOP, of a son. Died At Little Bay on the 6th inst., J.C. DUDER, Esq., Sub-Collector, in his 78th year. Died At Exploits on the 7th inst., Mr. John FRAMPTON, aged 70 years. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 9 - "Emulator:, KENDERICK, Turk's Island, 254 tons salt - E. DUDER. Cleared: July 11 - "Galatea," CROSS, St. John's, oil and skins - E. DUDER. July 12 - "Pe..y", Huxâ¦, Sydney, ballast, Captain. Absence of Dean "A Well Merited Rest". The rural Dean for Notre Dame Bay, Rev. R. TEMPLE, left here by the little steamer "Lance" on Monday last for Tilt Cove to take passage by the steamer "Austerlitz" for England, which was to sail for there on Thursday. Mr. TEMPLE left somewhat unexpectedly. He has a sister in a low state of health suffering from the insidious disease, consumption, and after a twenty years' absence, he felt that he would like to see her once more in the flesh, and as this favorable opportunity offered of getting to the Mother Country so quickly, by this copper steamer going direct, he decided to go by her. The Rev. gentleman is a most indefatigable worker, and for upwards off seventeen years he has labored incessantly for the spiritual good of the Church people here, as well as for the social and moral welfare of the community generally, and after so many years of constant toil, he is certainly entitled to a few week's rest, such as will be afforded by the trip on which he has just started. It will doubtless invigorate and better fit him on his return to re-enter upon the arduous duties devolving upon him in this parish. He expects to be absent about six weeks. We wish him a pleasant voyage across the Atlantic and a safe return to his family and Church flock, when the time comes for his journey homeward. New Church "Laying Corner Stone Gower Street Church." The corner stone of the new Gower St. Methodist Church, St. John's was laid on the 5th inst., in the presence of a large concourse of people. The ceremony was a very imposing one. A platform was erected for the occasion on which, our contemporary, the Royal Gazette tells us, "were representatives from the city choirs and several prominent ladies and gentlemen, as well as the members of the Quarterly Board, and Board of Trustees, and the ministers then attending Conference. Appropriate hymns were sung, and the Scripture read, and excellent addresses were delivered by Drs. CARMAN, WITHROW, MILLIGAN and DOVE, and also by the Hon, J.J. ROGERSON. J.E. PETERS, Esq., read the parchment and list of papers, coins, etc., which were placed under the stone, and R.K. BISHOP, Esq., presented the trowel to the General Suberindendent, Dr. CARMAN, who, before the vast assemblage, solemnly declared the stone to be well and truly laid in the name of the father, Son and Holy Ghost." Visiting Bishop "Bishop BRENNAN's Visit North". His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN was a passenger North on the "Grand Lake" last time, making the round trip, the steamer going as far as Griquet. He landed at nearly all the ports of call and was much pleased with the receptions received. When the steamer was here, both going to and returning from the North, his Lordship was the guest of Mrs. TOBIN. A Little Bay telegraphic correspondent to the Evening Herald of the 9th inst., referring to His Lordship's visit says:- "The Grand Lake, having on board His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, arrived at 2 p.m. yesterday. His Lordships visit being unexpected, was an agreeable surprise to his co-religionists on this Northern part of the island. Great was their regret that they had not been apprised of his coming, so that they might have prepared for him a right regal reception,. However, their welcome was none the less warm. At Pilley's Island the Bishop offered the holy sacrifice of the Mass, and preached a magnificent and most instructive sermon from the gospel of the day, taking as his text, "Thou render an account of thy stewardship." The little school chapel was packed with hardy miners and their families, and the crew and some passengers of the Grand Lake. Bishop BRENNAN continued his pleasure trip North, and thus far is very highly pleased with the scenery, etc., on this side of our island home." Bishop BRENNAN seemed to be greatly delighted with his tour North as we gather from the Evening Telegram of Monday last:-- "His Lordship Bishop BRENNAN, who has just returned from his round trip North on the Grand Lake, expresses himself well pleased with it. The scenery was most picturesque to the eye, while there was magnificent grandeur even in the towering barren rocks. He landed at all ports of call, and has warm expressions regarding the whole-souled, kindly disposition of the people." Death "Death of Promising Young Man at Herring Neck." Dear Mr. Editor, I shall be much obliged if you will insert the following words in your valuable paper. Philip Bennet BLANDFORD. On the 30th of June, P.B. BLANDFORD passed from Herring Neck to be "forever with the Lord". The call to leave the earthly tabernacle was not unexpected by him, neither did it find him unready. All the time he was wanting to enjoy more of the blessing of the Lord that maketh rich, and addeth no sorrow with it. His testimony was "I am going home to die no more". The day before he died his sister asked him if he could not get to sleep. he said, "I shall soon be asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep". His death is keenly felt by his father and mother, who for may years have been partners in his joys and sorrows, and by the family. His end was peace. Yours sincerely, J.R. STONEY. Herring Neck, July 18th. Transatlantic Cable "Arrival of The Cable Ships". The cable ships, having on board the 1894 cable, arrived in Heart's Content - the "Scotia" on Friday, the "Britannia" on Monday. The coal tender, the "Loughrigg Holme," also arrived on Monday morning. The Scotia is commanded by Capt. W.R. CATO; is 2,931 tons register; 368 feet long; 47 feet beam, and draws aft 28 feet. Her passengers and crew are numbered 130. She was built in 1879 by Messrs. THOMPSON & Co., Sunderland, and was in Heart's Content before - in 1880. Early on Monday morning, when about 60 miles off, in a dense fog, this steamer struck an iceberg, receiving considerable damages to her bow. She was going about 3 miles per hour at the time and struck the berg on a slant. Had her speed been fast, the result would have been disastrous in the extreme. One of the crew, a man aged 36 years, died from the shock of the vessel striking. He had been ill before, and was weakened. The shock affected and stopped the action of the heart. The Britannia, Captain KENNEDY, is a smaller vessel - about 900 tons. The Loughrigg Hoome is a coal-tender, about 1100 tons. The vessels are owned by the Cable Maintenance & Construction Co., (Ltd.), London. The steamers were expected to leave Heart's Content to-day on their trip to lay down the 1700 miles of cable necessary to connect both sides of the Atlantic. - H.G. Standard, July 9. The Courts "Sir Terence on the Witness Stand". Governor O'BRIEN appeared in Court this forenoon, in obedience to a summons, and gave his evidence in re the Placentia case. He was examined by Mr. EMERSON, Q.C., who elicited from him some important information. In to-morrow's Telegram we shall have something to remark about Sir Terence's evidence. Suffice it to say, for the present, that His Excellency seemed irritable and inclined to show "a little temper" during the examination. - Telegram, July 13. Cow For Sale A good milch cow is offered for sale. Intending purchasers to apply at the South Side Parsonage, on or before Wednesday next. J. HILL. Farming Grass has grown very well this season and in one or two fields around here, mowing has commenced. The crop this year is likely to be large. Appointment Mr. Willis DUDER of Little Bay, has been appointed Sub-Collector for that port in place of his late father, whose death was announced in last week's Sun. Mining The smelting works at Tilt Cove are in full swing and are very successful under the new manager, and mining operations there are prosecuted most vigorously. Fisheries Salmon have not been plentiful around our shores this summer and those who usually fit out for this fishery have done poorly. Some of the lobster packers are doing well. The Fishery We learn that two or three fishing craft have returned to Change Islands from the Northward with good fares. A few Southern craft have been seen passing our harbor bound home, apparently well fished. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, left for White Bay yesterday morning on a trading venture for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Reports from some parts of that Bay say that pretty good fishing has been done, though in other places it has been very poor. The fishery around our shores has been as bad this week as it has been at all, and that is bad enough, as many fishermen could not get sufficient to eat some days. The outlook is gloomy in the extreme, but it is hoped an improvement will soon take place. One of Mr. OSMONDs fishing craft returned to Morton's Harbor from the French Shore the early part of the week with about one hundred and twenty quintals cod fish. We learn that another schooner belonging to Expolits came back having done fairly. These are the first arrivals of any account so far this season. The Fishery "Squids in Portugal Cove." Portugal Cove men were very fortunate this morning with squids. Boats with an average of two men each, jigged from a thousand to twelve hundred. Fish would not be caught by them, however. It is vexing to know that the ground is covered with fish but that they won't bite. Later on they may. - Telegram, July 16. Bay Steamer The Bay steamer "Lance" did not arrive here from Norris'' Arm, this week until early Sunday, the train not arriving there at the usual time, Saturday morning. She went as far as Fogo, which is her terminus on the Southern route, calling at Herring Neck and Change Islands, and returned here two o'clock Monday afternoon or her way around the bay. The Lance's route is changed, and instead of going direct to Shoe Cove from here, she goes inland and touches at the various ports of call, and coming as the Matilda did last season, which will be more accommodating to the public. Passengers The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, left St. John's on Tuesday morning and arrived here at 2 p.m. Thursday, visiting the usual intermediate ports of call. She had a good deal of freight and a large number of passengers. Several of the Ministers returning to their circuits were among the passengers including Rev. S. RUSSEL and wife for Morton's Harbor, Rev. C. WEED and wife, Rev. H. SCOTT and wife for Exploits, Rev. W. HUTCHINSON and wife for Little Bay Island, Rev. W. BROWNING and wife for Little Bay, Mrs. CORNER and child for Twillingate. The Grand Lake makes her first trip to Battle harbor to connect with the Labrador steamer and may not be expected back returning South before Wednesday or Thursday, next. Shipping News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 14 - A.G. Heisler, McKINNON, Sydney, 166 tons coals - R.D. HODGE. Cleared: July 13 - My Lady, RIDER, Sydney, Ballast - J.W. OWEN. Birth On the 14th inst., at St. Mary's Parsonage, Herring Neck, the wife of the Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, S.P.G.M. & L.M.P., of a son. Married On the 15th inst., at St. Peter's Church, by the Rev. R. Temple, R.D., Mr, George ROBERTS, to Miss Eleanor PEYTON. For Sale At Jackson's Cove in the best part of the Harbor. A small piece of ground with water side, and a house partly finished. For further particulars apply to L. NEWHOOK, Jackson's Cove. Politics (Part 1) "Judgement in Trinity Case". We understand that the judgement in the Trinity case was given on Wednesday last, resulting in the unseating and disqualifying of Sir. W.V. WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND, and the unseating merely of Mr. WATSON. The charges preferred against all the members petitioned against were somewhat similar, and as the judgement in the previous cases were adverse to the WHITEWAY party, we did not expect anything different in the Trinity case, as it appeared to be a foregone conclusion on the part of the conspirators, that the leaders especially should be "killed out" politically, that is if the unprincipled Tory faction, (to which his Excellency the Governor seems to be pandering), can have their way. It is evident that they are succeeding in their malicious designs for the present, but it cannot continue may months. As soon as the people have an opportunity of doing so at the polls they will show the unscrupulous politicians, who have wrenched the government from the WHITEWAY party, in the most mean and cowardly manner that ever any body of men could get control of political power, that they, Politics (Part 2) (the free and independent electors of this colony), are not going to be treated in such a shameful way, as they have been by the Tory faction, who have deprived them of the representatives of their own choice, because they were instrumental in getting a few paltry dollars expended in some of the small localities, on roads or some other useful public work. The very thing they have charged the members of the WHITEWAY party with, the GOODRIDGE-MORINE government are now doing themselves, that of expending public monies without any Legislative authority, and his Excellency the Governor, sanctions such illegal acts, on the part of the acting Executive Government by which he is now surrounded. Truly, Newfoundlander's are a poor down-trodden people, and the serfs in Russia could not be treated much worse. But never mind, there is a day of reckoning coming, and, notwithstanding the villainous attempts from the highest officials in the land to some of the meanest of them, to crush Sir William WHITEWAY and his Party of Progress out of existence, the vast majority of the people are with him, and when an appeal is made to the country, the result of the polls will more than show that Sir William is the most popular political leader we have ever had, and one of whom the fishermen and working classes of the country may well feel proud. Personal (Part 1) "Anonymous Letters." It is greatly regretted that there should exist amongst us, persons evil-minded enough, to indulge in the writing of anonymous letters to private individuals, and by such a course, attack them as it were with a dagger in the dark, and thus attempt to secretly assail the private reputations of those, against whom they may happen to entertain personal spite or animosity. It is a course that is to be deprecated, and we can hardly think that any one, with a spark of honor or principle, would adopt such a plan to give vent to their spleen against the parties aimed at. It is mean and cowardly in the extreme, particularly when it touches the secrecy of the home, and attempts to destroy that harmony which a happy wedlock should ever create. If a person has anything to say to one with whom he or she may be at variance, why not face them in a straightforward and manly way, instead of sending anonymous letters? Personal (Part 2) It is the means too, almost invariably, of having the wrong persons suspected, and very often those who are entirely innocent are blamed, and we are sorry to have to publish a letter in today's Sun from Mrs. Andrew LINFIELD, positively denying the insinuations that have been currently reported, respecting the suspicion that has been put on her, of having written or sent letters recently received by Mrs. HILL. It is quite evident, however, that Mrs. L. had nothing to do with such a diabolical action, and for one to be accused falsely, is as bad as for the person who may be the recipient of such dastardly effusions. We are not aware that either Mr. or Mrs. HILL did anything while here, to merit such treatment from anyone, and we deeply deplore that spirit that has thus been manifested by the parties in the letters referred to, and while it may be enjoyed by them and be entirely confined to one or two individuals, we believe that the community as a whole, most strongly resents such a dastardly way of retaliating for a supposed wrong, or feeling of enmity that may be entertained for one another, because of any misunderstanding existing between them, and for the sake of the parties thus affected and the community at large, we are extremely sorry that such a mode of ventilating spleen should have been resorted to. Personal (Part 3) "Wrongly Suspected". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir: - Permit me through the columns of your valuable paper, to deny emphatically, and to clear myself of a very mean, low, and disreputable thing that I was suspected of doing a short time ago. It appears that the Rev. Mr. or Mrs. HILL, I don't know which of the two, received some anonymous letters whilst in Twillingate, and between them, they suspected me of writing them, for what cause he would not satisfy me, but I simply say here sir, that I firmly believe it was for no other purpose but to malign, and to destroy my reputation, as that gentleman says those letters were very debased, and not fit to read. I take it as a gross insult. I will tell him my time is more profitably occupied. My husband and family, and business are of more importance to me than the affairs of private individuals. Yours respectfully, E.P. LINFIELD. Twillingate, July 26th, 1894. Bay Steamers (Part 1) Bay Steamer "Lance". (To the Editor, Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- A word or two relating to the SS Lance, our Bay steamer. We were pleased to take a short trip by her a few days age, and the travelling public will agree with me in acknowledging the great convenience such a boat is, on such an important bay as ours. And we must thank the WHITEWAY Government for their kind consideration of our rights in this respect, for to them the credit is due. Some of our Tilt Cove friends gave the pioneer boat the name of baitskiff. To the owners of that boat belong the credit of supplying bait at a low figure and there was no extra charge if you needed bait four times a day instead of two. We notice under a change of government a clean sheet, and you learn as you enter the saloon, that for every mile you travel under sixty miles you are to pay 4cts. per mile, and 3cts. per mile for sixty or over. From Twillingate to North West Arm is about forty-eight miles and would cost $1.92. You can hardly do it without taking four meals, two dinners, a tea, and a breakfast, costing you $1.00 making the total cost $2.92. The "Virginia Lake" or "Grand Lake" with first class accommodation in every particular, will take you to Little Bay or Nipper's Harbor for $2.00. Bay Steamers (Part 2) By the latter, business men and well-to-do people generally travel. By the former the poor class. We look upon the charge for fare and passage to be far too high, and it meets with general dissatisfaction in this Bay. It is hoped a change in this particular can be made. It is a wonder the hero of the bait-skiff letter of Tilt Cove, who made himself so prominent last year, is not more interested in Bay steam this year. I dare say he thinks to himself, "I had just as well be quiet for no one will regard me now, for the one is a near picture of the other". We found Capt. DALTON very kind and obliging, and consider him fully fitted for the post committed to his trust, and we feel assured he will give general satisfaction. The chief engineer and steward are very accommodating, and they are men who will make many friends before this season ends. The steward is a professional man and sets his table to the very best advantage. We predict for him fair complexion, if he has to cook for an average of six passengers beside the crew. We take exception to the mail man, and consider it an insult to this district to place a witness against Messrs. WOODS and MOORES in that office. We say such men ought to be compensated from the private purses of the petitioners. Yours truly, Observer. Little Bay, July 24th. Steamer Problems "Letter from 'Voter', Pilley's Island". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Dear Sir :- Will you please find space in the columns of the valued Sun for the following: Last Fall when Mr. GOODRIDGE was here, in a speech he made remarks to the effect that the steamer "Matilda" was a farce, and that it was one way in which the WHITEWAY Government was wasting the people's money, and we now find this year, not the Matilda of course, but a boat of much inferior accommodation. But she is all right, as she belongs to one of the Tory clique. How came it to be a waste of money last year if it is not so this year? Also, we find, this year, there are two men on the "Lance" doing the same work that young Mr. SCOTT did last year. We also find, sir, that this year the passage money is almost double as much as it was last year in the Matilda. In the Lance we find it is four cents per mile; twenty cents for breakfast, thirty cents for dinner, twenty for your tea. We will allow her 39 miles for a day's work, that will cost passengers $1.90 per day, which, I believe, Mr. Editor, will cost more than it will in the coastal steamer "Grand Lake." And what do you think, Mr. Editor, she intended doing at first all the summer? Why, going straight to Tilt Cove, not calling in any of the localities between Exploits and there until her return from the North; thus, we would judge from this, sir, that Tilt Cove was one of the Tories best markets. Does Mr. GOODRIDGE think the working men of Green Bay are so dull that they can't reason for themselves, but they are not to be fooled by lengthy speeches with nothing in them. Should he again try this district he will find men who can both reason and recollect. Yours truly, Voter. Pilley's Island, July 23rd. Jottings From Little Bay. The fishery, this side of the bay and around, remains unchanged. At Shoe Cove a little has been done, boats there averaging about ten qtls.; the best trap and seine together, 60 qtls. Round Harbor averaged three qtls per man, Burying Place about the same; Nipper's Harbor and other places around about one qtl. per man. Tilt Cove, that of late has been looking dull, is brightening up. The new process of smelting lately introduced is thus far very successful. New smelting works are in course of erection near the mine, and when completed it is calculated about 6000 ton or ore per month will be smelted. A large skiff belonging to Mr. James NORRIS, of Three Arms, while beating in Little Bay Bight yesterday, upset by a heavy squall of wind. There were two men and a boy in it at the time, but they all managed to get on the bottom of the skiff and remained there till rescued by Mr. FINLAY, and brought safely to shore. The names of the men were WEBBER and BOWERS, and the boy is a son of Mr. NORRIS. About sixteen men left here this morning to travel to the railway via Hall's Bay line, where they are to be engaged in work to which they are well used, namely, breaking rock. Jottings From Little Bay. They were glad to hear the good news of work. Mr. GOODRIDGE and several of his merchant friends were present at Norris' Arm on Saturday last. It appears the secret bribers have commenced to lay their plans for the bye-election. They went to the end of the line. We wonder if they intend to run a branch line to Hall's Bay the summer. Mr. KNIGHT used to, previous to last election, make his name as conspicuous as possible by having it stamped on the outside of every paper. Recently he prints his name on the end of the paper and decently folds up that end so that his name may be hidden. Is it himself he is ashamed of, or is it the paper to which his name is affixed, that rag the Daily News? A steamer is expected here in a day or two to load with copper ore. A few men are working preparing tracks for shipping. The once flourishing settlement of Little Bay has a black pall thrown over its activity and death will soon take place. Crops here are looking very good. Politics are quiet, but red hot heat can be attained at the shortest notice, for the fire is smouldering that must obliterate the Knight as well as some of two sided pages. July 24th, 1894. Fisheries Lobsters have been fairly plentiful around our shores this summer and packers are doing a pretty good business. Some shipments of dry fish have been made. The price opens at $3.40 (seventeen shillings) which is lower than that given, the past three or four years for Shore fish. Icebergs A large number of icebergs have been seen around our coast all this season. The early part of the week, upwards of one hundred and twenty were visible from Long Point Light House. Passengers The bay steamer "Lance" arrived here from Norris Arm early last Saturday evening. Mr. And Mrs. DUFF and child and Mr. T. HODGE were passengers having come through by train to Norris Arm. The following took passage here by the "Grand Lake": -- Mrs. HARRIS and two children for Herring Neck; Rev. J. HILL Mrs. HILL, four children and girl for Wesleyville, Mrs. P. SAMWAYS and Mrs. Wm. HARBIN for St. John's. Shipping News The "Mary Parker", Capt. CARTER, arrived from St. John's on Wednesday, having first called at Herring Neck to land part of her cargo. She made rather a longer trip than usual having been several days out from St. John's. The "Donny", Robert LINFIELD, master, returned from St. John's Thursday afternoon, and the "Maud," Samuel SHORT, master, arrived later, on her way to Little Bay Island. The Bonny's cargo was principally provisions and merchandise for the firm of J.B. TOBIN. Farewell Ladies of the Dorcas Society gave a farewell sociable on Thursday evening at the residence of Mrs. BAIRD, in honor of Mrs. HILL on the eve of her departure from this community. Mrs. HILL was president of the Society for over two years, and this mark of esteem was given as an appreciation by the members for the valuable services rendered during her connection therewith. The Fishery The fishing schooner "William Paterson", Archibald BLANDFORD master, arrived at Herring Neck from the Straits of Belle Isle on Thursday night last, with about four hundred barrels of fish, which was of a very good quality. The fishery has been very poor indeed and the majority of craft in quest of fish, did not get near half a catch. Many secured very little, and seeing the prospect was so poor, they proceeded to the Northern part of the Labrador, where we trust they will be more successful. The William Patterson sailed from St. John's. She landed her fish at Herring Neck to be cured and has left again for Labrador. The Fishery The coastal steamer "Grand Lake", Capt. DELANEY, called here going South on Wednesday last, having made her first trip to Battle Harbor to connect with the Labrador mail steamer. The fishery reports are of a very meagre character, as little or nothing had been done owing to the great jam of ice upon the coast, the more Northern part particularly. In consequence of this, the Windsor Lake could not get North of Cape Harrigan. In some parts of the Straits, the fishery prospects are reported to be good, but generally speaking, the outlook is not the brightest. But there is very little dependence to be placed in reports of the first or second trips, and it is hoped that later on there will be a decided improvement. Rev. J. HILL "Departure of Rev. J. HILL." The three year term of the Rev. J. HILL, (Chairman of the Bonavista District) having expired in accordance with the itinerant wheels of Methodism, he took passage by the "Grand Lake" on Wednesday last, accompanied by his wife and children, for Wesleyville. During his term on this circuit, the debt on the Church property, amounting to something like one thousand dollars, has been entirely wiped out, and at present the churches on each side of the harbor are free from debt, while both have been renovated and newly painted inside and out in the meantime. The debt on the Church at Little Harbor has also been greatly reduced, in addition to what has also been done towards its completion inside, which shows that the affairs of the church have been well looked after during his three years of ministry on this circuit. Educational matters have also been carefully watched, and at the last meeting of the School Board, a vote of thanks was tendered him, for the efficient services bestowed and the interest taken, in the extension of educational facilities, as evidenced from his desire to inaugurate a superior school, which building is now in course of erection. We trust that success may attend his labors on this new circuit to which he has been appointed. Arrival of French Ship The French admiral ship "Naiade", arrived here at 6.20 last evening. She steamed slowly up the harbor, and when swung to her anchor, unfurled the British flag at the mainmast head and saluted it with twenty-one guns. As the last gun fired, the flag was hauled down very slowly. When down to the half, H.M.S. "Cleopatra" fired the first gun in an equal number in response, and as she did so, a blue jacket at the masthead set free, as if by magic, the tri-colour of France and on went the salutation. Vast numbers of citizens ran from numerous places to points of vantage to take the full of their eyes and ears of the scene and events. The Naiade is a frigate, wood constructed, ship rigged, and painted with old time white ports. She was built at Toulon, 1881, has 3,695 tons displacement, 246 feet length, 46.3 breadth, 21 feet draught of water, 2,800 indicated horse power, 530 tons coal capacity, 1 screw, 1 funnel, 13 knots speed, a balcony, shaded at top, running around her stern, high up and has large door windows opening to her upper and lower saloons, and has also electric dynamos, charging two electric search lights, which shed their brilliant rays last night along the water, the foreshore and hill sides. She has too, a band capable of discoursing musical treats. Its rendition of God save the Queen last evening was worthy of the keenest critics refined ears. -- Telegram, July 17. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: July 23 - "Primrose", BRAY, Cadiz, 162 tons salt - R.D. HODGE. July 26 - "Nikita", KANDES, St. John's, ballast - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: June 21 - "A.G. Heisler", McKINNON Sydney, ballast - Captain. June 24 - "Emulator", KENDRICK, St. John's, 80 tons oil, 2 tierce salmon, 15 seal skins - E. DUDER. Ship Collision "For the Far North - The First Misfortune." The Red Cross Line steamer "Miranda," which left St. John's on Sunday week last, bound for Labrador and Greenland, returned on Tuesday morning. At 8 a.m., on the morning of the 17th inst., in a dense fog, when about 10 miles North of Belle Isle, she collided end on with a heavy iceberg. What the result would have been had she not been going "dead slow," 'tis not ;pleasant to consider - the danger to the ship and the passengers lives would have been great indeed. As it was, the steamer's hawse-pipes were carried away, and five of the bow-plates, fortunately above the water-line, were much injured. So serious was the damage that it was deemed wise to put the steamer into Cape Charles, Labrador, where temporary repairs were affected, and she thereafter returned to St. John's, where the needed repairs are being done. Most of her passengers were left down on the coast, hunting, fishing, etc. The party on board the Miranda consisted of 52 persons, composed mostly of students from Zule and Havard Colleges. The primary object the Expedition (which was under the guidance of Dr. COOK) had in view was, if at all possible, to reach Peary's headquarters at Bowdin Bay. The disaster to the Miranda was very unfortunate, inasmuch as it has interfered badly with the intentions of the party - one of which was for a party from Kansas University to land at Rigoulette, in order to survey the famous Great Falls at Labrador. This was but one of the objects had in view by the intrepid explorers. - H.G. Standard, July 27. Ship Services "S.S. Lance". (To the Editor Twillingate Sun) Permit me, through the medium of your valuable and widely circulated paper, to ventilate a real grievance which is inflicted upon the community of this important and thriving settlement by reason of its being precluded from the manifest advantages which would accrue to it by its being made a port of call, both ingoing and returning, by the Bay steamer "Lance," which, under the command of so skilful a hand as Capt. DALTON, is doing excellent work, and is such a great boon to the general public in the districts of Fogo and Twillingate. Under the present arrangement the steamer calls here only once every round trip, viz. upon the return from Fogo to the North. For this service we are thankful; but we regard it only as an instalment of our rights. and not the whole, consequently we shall continue to agitate till the defect is remedied. When it is borne in mind that Change Islands lies directly in the track of Fogo, that it has a resident population of nearly 1100, that three large commercial establishments are flourishing there, and has a large number of planters and fishermen, second to none in the colony for their industry and uniting energy in their daily vocation, my contention is but emphasised, that the Government would only be doing an act of simple justice in taking measures to immediately secure for them the very fullest advantages and convenience which are to be derived from the present steam service. Our requisition we respectfully submit to the authorities, and which, we trust, you will readily give in the benefit of your able advocacy, is, that the Lance may call every trip, both going and returning, at Change Islands. By kindly inserting the above remarks in the next issue of the Sun you will confer a favor upon Your very faithfully, Tobias MacSTINGER. Change Islands, August 1st. Market Notes (Part 1) (From the Trade Review, July 21). FISH: Fish, Large merchantable, Per Quintal, $4.00. Fish, Small merchantable, $3,40. Fish, Large Maderia, $3.60. Fish, Small Maderia, $3.00. Fish, Large West India, $3.20. Fish, Small West India, $2.60. Haddock, $2.40. Cod Oil, per ton, $68. Salmon, No1, large, per tierce, $16. Herring, per barrel, good Shore, $2. Herring, Labrador, None. Herring (very small), $2. Lobsters, per case, No1, flats, $7 to $7.50. PROVISIONS: Flour, per barrel, sup. Ex. 3.80 to 5.00. Flour, per barrel, extra, 3.30 to 3.80. Flour, per barrel, supers, 3.00 to 3.40. Pork, per barrel, mess, 16.50 to 17.50. Pork, per barrel, family mess, 17.50 to 16.00. Pork, ex prime, 15.50 to 19.50. Butter, per lb., Canadian, .21 to .26. Oleo, per lb. .13 to .23. Salt, per hhd. 1.40 to 1.60. Molasses. Per gallon. .38 to .40. Sugar, light brown, per cwt. 7.10 to 7.59. Sugar, granulated, per cwt. 8.75 to 9.50. Sugar, loaf, per cwt. 10.00 to 10.50. Cornmeal, per barrel, 3.10 to 3.20. Oatmeal, per barrel, 4.90 to 5.00. Bread, per bag, No. 1, 3.60 to 3.80. Bread, per bag, No. 2, 3.20 to 3.46. Beef, per barrel, 10.50 to 13.50. Kerosene oil, per gallon, .18. Hay, per ton, 18.00 to 20.00. Market Notes (Part 2) Fodder, 12.00 to 13.00. Peas, per barrel, round, 3.50 to 3.60. Peas, per half-brl, round, 1.90 to 2.00. Peas, per barrel, split, 4.60 to 5.00. Peas, per half-brl, split, 2.40 to 2.60. Oats, per bushel, .70. Bran, per cwt. 1.30 to 1.50. Cattle-feed, 100 lb sacks, 1.60 to 1.80. Potatoes, per barrel, $2. Cheese, per lb, .16 to .17. Ham, per lb., Canadian, .15 to .20. Ham, per lb., Belfast, .23 to .25. Ham, per lb., Lipton's, .23. Bacon, per lb. .18 to .25. Eggs, per dozen. .10 to .12. Turnips, per barrel, $1.80 to $2.00. Berries, partridge and whorts, .10 to .15. Onions, per barrel, $3. to $3.50. Coal, per ton, North Sydney, $5.50. Coal, per ton, South Sydney, $5.30. Victoria, per ton, $5. Little, Glace Bay, $5. Raisins, per box, $2.50 to $3. Currants, per cwt. $7 to $7.50. Leather, grain, per lb. .35 to .40. Leather, sole, per lb. .20 to .25. Leather, harness, per lb. .32 to .35. Leather, split, per lb, .20. Hemlock, board, No. 1. $16. Spruce board, No. 1. $20. Spruce plank, joisting, studding, scantling, $22. 1-in. P.& T., spruce flooring, $24. 1 1/4 in. P.& T. spruce flooring, $25. 1 1/2 in. P.& T spruce flooring, $25. Pine board (clear), $30 to $40. Hardwood plank, $30 to $40. Laths, $1.50 to $2. The above quotations are wholesale. Mining The sylvan solitude of Belle Isle, in Conception Bay, is soon to be broken in upon, by a company who are going to open an iron mine over there. For some years past prospectors have been busy on the Island, and the samples shown, have induced a company to take hold of some claims. The specimens show a good paying percentage of iron, and we are informed that work will begin almost immediately. The company will not manufacture the iron on the Island at present, it being their intention to ship the crude ore to Nova Scotia. The mine ought to give a large amount of employment to the Belle Islanders. -- Trade Review. Religious "Parting Address." To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN and Mrs. FREEMAN from the People of Blackhead, Conception Bay. Blackhead, July 23rd, 1894. To the Rev. R.W. FREEMAN, -- Beloved and Dear Sir,- As the time has now come for you to leave this Circuit for another field of labour, we should feel recreant to our duty, if we were to let you leave us without some token of regard for the indefatigable manner in which you have laboured amongst us the past three years. Yours, indeed, has been a labour of love, and it has always been your joy to see the Circuit prosper spiritually and financially. We unitedly rejoice with you at the present prosperity. Your interest in the Sunday as well as the day schools will not soon be forgotten by teachers and scholars. Please accept this purse as a token of our esteem and regard. And, now, as you are leaving for another field of labour, we bid you good-bye, praying that the Divine blessing may follow you and Mrs. FREEMAN, and that the Great Head of the Church may bless your labors in the future as in the past. Signed on behalf of the congregation, John C. MOORES, Peter DIAMOND, Thos. B. LeGROW, Geo. E. MOORES, Jos. KING, Andrew VATCHER, Fred. LeGROW, Wm. BRENNAN, Jacob KING, John LACEY, W.W. KING, Richard MOORES, Jessie LACEY, Jos. THISTLE, Matthew LeGROW, sr. Religious "Mr. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 25th, 1894. Dearly Beloved Friends,- I thank you very much for the address and purse of gold you presented me with today. It was not necessary that I should be the recipient of either one or the other, for proof of your regard for Mrs. FREEMAN and myself. I am glad that my labours have been so much appreciated by you during the past three years. You truly say it has been a labour of love. The prosperity of the Church in its various departments, has been my aim; and whilst I have not realized all I desired and prayed for, yet I am devoutly thankful for what has been accomplished, both spiritually and temporally. The flourishing Sabbath and day schools, as well as the healthy financial condition of the Circuit, give ground to hope for a bright future. I pray that the blessing of the Great Head of the Church may ever rest upon you as a people, and that every worker and member may be endowed with "power from on high". Again thanking you for the tangible proof of your regard, I am, yours in the bonds of Christian love, R.W. FREEMAN. Religious "To Mrs FREEMAN." Blackhead, July 23, '94. Dear Mrs. FREEMAN. It is a matter of general regret that your stay amongst us is so short. Never did three years glide away so quickly. Both you and Mr. FREEMAN have endeared yourselves to us by your labours and devoted Christian characters. It is with no fulsome praise that we speak when we refer to your great work as our organist, and we cannot but contrast the singing of today to what it was three years ago. And we are sure you valuable service in the department of the Church will long be held in grateful remembrance. You will also be missed in the Sunday school, where you have laboured so faithfully and earnestly to extend the Redeemer's Kingdom. Please accept the accompanying token of our affection, and be assured that our prayers will follow you to your new field of toil, where we hope you may be permitted to gather much fruit for the Heavenly Kingdom; and as you will not be far away, we hope to see you often. Wishing you and yours every blessing for both worlds, we are, Dear Mrs. FREEMAN, yours affectionately: Mabel J. LeGROW, Celia MOORES, Harriet HUDSON, Hester A. MOORES, Dorcas LeGROW Mary J. LeGROW, Miriam P. MOORES, Jane DIAMOND, Maria LeGROW, Mary A. LeGROW, Sarah BRENNAN, Hetty JANES, and others. Religious "Mrs. FREEMAN's Reply." Blackhead, July 23, '94. My Dear Friends,- The presentation of your living address and purse was both a surprise and joy to me. I was not aware that I had done anything to merit at your hands such a marked proof of your good will. It is a matter of thankfulness that any effort I have made for the good of the cause has now your approval. The esteem in which Mr. FREEMAN is held, as well as myself, has been felt all through those three happy years spent amongst you. I do pray that by the way of the Mercy Seat, blessings abundant may ever rest upon you and yours. I should be glad to see any of you at any time in my new home where the same welcome will be given you as I know I shall have from yourselves. Good-bye and may God bless till we meet again. Yours very affectionately, Sarah L. FREEMAN. The Fishery There has been very good fishing at the Grey Island the last few weeks, and boats there have done fine work. The schooner "Outstrip," Abraham Knight, arrived at Morton's Harbor from the North last week w9ith something over 300 barrels codfish. There has been no improvement in the fishery around our shores the past couple of weeks and the average catch to date is the lowest for the past twelve or fourteen years. The "Jubilee", Stephen NEWMAN, master, arrived from White Bay on Thursday, bringing back a quantity of salmon to the firm of J.B. TOBIN. The fishery reports along that coast are not very bright. Capt. Samuel SAUNDERS arrived at Change Islands from Belle Isle on Monday last with a full load of codfish. The gallant captain reports three other Change Islands' schooners loaded there and fish extraordinarily abundant. Cricket The cricket match played Thursday at Back Harbor between the "Reds" and "Blues" of the Wanderers Cricket Club, terminated in a magnificent victory for the former, beating the latter by an inning and tree runs. Ship Arrival The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Capt. DELANEY, which left St. John's Tuesday, arrived here Thursday morning. She had a large quantity of freight on board and about fifty tons of coal for the "Windsor Lake". Her trip this time extends to Battle Harbor and she may be expected returning South Wednesday or Thursday next. Court Decision "A Gross Judicial Blunder." The Decision in the Trinity Election Case. "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." -- Judge LITTLE, in the Trinity election case. What a gross judicial blunder! Fancy a judge pronouncing sentence to the utmost extent of the law, in a case of alleged "bribery and corruption," and then coolly and deliberately saying: "This judgement does not in any degree reflect on the honesty, morality or integrity of the respondents." Nevertheless, this is exactly what Mr. Justice LITTLE said yesterday, in delivering his judgement in the Trinity election case. Can anything more absurd and inconsistent be imagined? Sir William WHITEWAY and Mr. BOND are in one breath declared guilty of "bribery and corruption," and in the very next breath we are told by the learned Judge that "THIS FACT DOES NOT IN ANY DEGREE REFLECT UPON THEIR HONESTY, MORALITY OR INTEGRITY." Truly, we may now ask: "Where are we and whither tending?" We have no desire to show the slightest disrespect for His Lordship's judicial consistency; but, really, it is very difficult to be as respectful as we could wish in the presence of such a conflicting decision as the one in question. next thing, we shall hear of a judge sending a prisoner to the penitentiary, and saying to the wardens, there is nothing against the honesty, morality or integrity of that man; but, all the same, he must to go prison. "Away with him! Crucify him! The Tory faction hate him, and their thirst for vengeance must be appeased." -- Telegram, July 26. Drowning A sad accident occurred at Vernon River Bridge, P.E.I., recently. A little girl, only one year and seven months old, daughter of C.B. ROSS, painter, fell head first into a creamer barrel filled with water, and life was extinct before the little one was found. Birth On the 1st inst., at Too Good Arm, Herring Neck, the wife of Mr. Abraham HURLEY of a daughter. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Cleared: July 31 - "Primrose", BRAY, King's Cove, ballast - Captain. Fishery Some of our fishermen who secured squids this week, did better with fish than they had any time before, this season. Two boats arrived from the French Shore this week, one having about one hundred and eighty and the other seventy barrels. It appears that lobster packers on the Northwest Coast are doing fairly well, some of them securing as many as two thousand a day. The schooner "Hunter," George PARSONS master, arrived from the Straits of Belle Isle Wednesday, with about two hundred and forty barrels of fish. We learn by intelligence from Peter's River that the fishery there has been most successful, so far. One man of that place has over three thousand quintals of fish ashore, and several of the others have also done well. The coastal steamer "Grand Lake," Captain DELANEY, called here Tuesday morning, going South. She was as far North as Battle Harbor, and the fishery reports received by her are not very encouraging. On some parts of the coast the fishermen are doing a little, and in other places it is almost a failure. Schooner Arrival The English schooner "St. Clair," Captain SINCLAIR, arrived from Cadiz, via St. John's Wednesday, with a cargo of salt for the firm of E. DUDER. Passengers The following took passage by the "Grand Lake" for St. John's: - Four Christian Brothers, Mr. R.D. HODGE, Mr. T. HODGE, Mrs. LETHBRIDGE, Mrs. CORNER and child. The steam launch "Lance" arrived from Norris' Arm last Saturday afternoon. The Rev. L. CURTIS, wife, two children and servant were passengers, having come through by train to Norris' Arm. Trading News The "Victoria," James NEWMAN, master, arrived from a trading trip Tuesday afternoon, bringing back about one hundred and fifty quintals of cod fish, thirty tierce of salmon, and five hundred rabbit skins. Medical A report of the work of the Labrador Deep Sea Medical Mission for 1893 shows that during the season the three doctors, GRENFELL, BOBARDT and CURWEN, who were in charge, respectively, of the Battle Harbor hospital, the hospital ship "Albert", and the steamer "Princess May", treated 37 in patients and 2,493 out patients. Of these 798 were surgical, seventeen being performed under chloroform. Forest Fire A forest fire, supposed to be between the head of Hall's Bay and White Bay, has been raging the past week, and, without a doubt, has wrought great destruction among the timber in that vicinity. Too much care cannot be exercised by all who go to the woods, either for business or pleasure, and it should be borne in mind that heavy penalties are attached to the breaking of the laws in reference to forest fires. Schooner Wrecked A schooner called the "Princess Alice," Capt. PIKE, of Burin, while beating up the North Side of the Straits of Belle Isle on the 30th of July, struck the sunken rock Soldier and became a total wreck. The Princess Alice was a fishing craft, and had about a hundred and fifty barrels of fish on board at the time, and nearly everything was lost. The crew of six men and two boys were conveyed to St. John's by the "Grand Lake," Thursday last. This is a very unfortunate circumstance, depriving them as it does of the summer's voyage. Parting Address "Parting Address to Mrs. E. HILL." Twillingate, July 24th, 1894. Dear Mrs. HILL: -- We, the members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society, regret that you are on the eve of leaving us, as we shall greatly miss your valuable services in connection with the Society. Not only as President but also as a good worker, your services have been appreciated by all, and we shall be very glad to know that in your new home, you will still be a co-worker with us in this great service. That the Divine Spirit may watch over you and family is our earnest prayer. Signed on behalf of the members of the Dorcas Society: K. BAIRD, S. NEWMAN, A. PEYTON, M. COOK, E. HODDER, E. ROSSITER, M.A. PRIDE, L. COLBOURNE, E. HUGHES. Reply to Address "Mrs. HILL's Reply." To the Members of the Twillingate Dorcas Society. My Dear Friends: - I need hardly say that the address you presented me with on the eve of my departure was a great surprise to me, and is far too appreciative of my humble efforts as a member of your noble Society. Nevertheless, your address touched a tender cord in my heart, to learn that my weak endeavour to assist you in this good work of clothing the poor and destitute was not forgotten by you. It has always been a pleasure for me to meet with you to help on this good object. May we never forget the words of Christ, "In as much as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto Me." Thanking you for your kind wishes to myself and family. Wishing you success in your laudable work. E. HILL. The Fishery "Returned from the Westward." The SS. "Virginia Lake," Captain TAYLOR, arrived here at 5.40 o'clock last evening from the Westward. She reports several Fortune Bay schooners coming from the Mecatinas loaded with fish, and bringing good all round reports from that particular place. Lobsters are still plentiful on the Northwest coast, but not on this side. Several bankers have arrived at Grand Bank after their caplin baiting, with an average catch of 450 quintals on it. Fish is still abundant at Trepassey and salt very badly wanted, the stock being all used up. Nothing worth speaking of has been done at Cape Boyle the past few days. There are a few foreign fishing schooners there. The steamer brought about 1,000 boxes lobsters, a few barrels fish and a trifle of other freight. -- Telegram August 2. Accidental Death (Part 1) "Death on the Track." Yesterday, when we announced that a special train was to run from Holyrood with cattle, driven there from the vicinity of the wrecked "Texas," there was no anticipation of fatal results to any person, as there have been to one poor woman, to whom death came with awful promptitude in an hour when she least expected it. No. 10 engine, drawing three cars of freight, 32 head of cattle, left Holyrood at 2.05 yesterday afternoon for St. John's, with Robert CANDOW, driver; John DUNN, fireman; John BROPHY, conductor also doing "brake" duty, and George MERCER, brakeman. All these men are smart at their work, tried and true, ready to instantly act on sight and sound. Manuels, the scene of the sad accident, was readied at about 2.50. Running for Manuels on an up-grade and a curve precluded long range of sight. Here, too, is a down-grade, which has necessarily to be run somewhat freely to raise a more advanced up-grade. The "stand" was opened to view and quickly arrived at, and just from the line of it was seen, ahead on the track, about 300 yards distant, a woman, later recognised as Mrs. Fanny NOSEWORTHY, of Long Pond, near Villa Nova, aged 67 years, and having no family, husband alive. She was walking with the train. The driver blew for brakes, a quick whistle, and there was an immediate application, the engine being meanwhile reversed. Accidental Death (Part 2) The woman turned and saw the engine, but continued to walk on, probably to locate a favorable place to step clear. Then a danger signal was blown, followed by a second one. The woman looked around a second time, and started to step off; but, alas! too late! She went to the right hand side, had one foot over the rail, and, then, nervous and terrified, she hesitated, and that moment's hesitation proved fatal. One came the locomotive toward her, in spite of every effort to stop it. The cow-catcher lifted her from her feet, and, as she suddenly inclined back, her head struck the signal pole in the buffer, breaking it by force of contact, her death-stricken face meanwhile, being thrown back and upturned to the horrified driver, leaving an impression on his mind that will not soon be effaced. It was only for an instant; the cow-catcher did its work - the woman was flung over the embankment, a distance of ten feet. The train was brought up some three cars length further on, and the men ran back. They could not then do much, and they had to be away. They then had to run on time, because the regular train, also running on time, would be along ere ten minutes. Accidental Death (Part 3) They, therefore, had to leave the woman to the kind care of the people of the place, and go on, only stopping at Topsail to report by telegraph to St. John's station the melancholy occurrence. Women took up the inanimate form, life's spark flickering within, and brought it to the house of Joseph MORGAN, where every attention was given it, but only with the effect of restoring sufficient consciousness to enable the injured woman to say, "let me lie down." Soon afterwards life became extinct. No time was lost by Captain NOBLE in doing his part; he had Dr. RENDELL summoned, and also called Constable LONG, of Topsail, who was in town; and directly the regular train arrived, at 4 p.m., he sent them off on a special at full speed to the scene, his own son, Mr. A.S. NOBLE, in charge. They arrived at 4.45, but too late, death having occurred nearly half an hour previously. They returned at 6 o'clock. The woman sustained no very great external injuries. There were a few slight scratches on the back of the head, and death is believed to have resulted from concussion of the brain. It may be added that Capt. NOBLE had a suitable coffin made by undertaker WHITE, which he sent out to Manuels by the regular morning train. In this coffin the remains will be interred. -- Evening Telegram, July 28. Died At Leading Tickles, July 24th, the beloved wife of Mr. John WHELAN, aged 68 years; she leaves a husband, 3 sons and 2 daughters to mourn their sad loss. Ship News Port of Twillingate. Entered: Aug 8 - "Samuel Moss", MABLY, Fogo, part cargo salt - R.D. HODGE. Aug 8 - "St. Clair", SINCLAIR, St. John's, 160 tons salt - E. DUDER. Aug 10 - "My Lady", RIDER, Sydney via Fogo, part cargo coals - J.W. OWEN. Cleared: Aug. 10 - "Nikita', KANDES, Bristol, cargo seal oil and skins - J.W. OWEN. Traitor (Part 1) (From the Evening Telegram) "A TRAITOR!" The Gafney From Holyrood. In last night's issue we briefly noticed the contemptible conduct of Mr. WOODFORD, one of the members elected by the people of Harbor Main last November to support the WHITEWAY or Liberal Party. When, on Wednesday evening, the rumor spread throughout the town, that this individual had turned traitor and joined the detested MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction, many people were unwilling to believe it. Although it was known by the members of the WHITEWAY Party that Mr. WOODFORD had been in communication with Mr. Moses MONROE, as far back as November last, and had secretly been (imbibing ?) the traitor principles from the Liberal renegade, Mr. W.J.S. DONNELLY, still we also were loathe to believe that there was a man in the ranks of the Liberals so depraved, so lost to all sense of shame and honor as to betray those with whom he has been allied for four years, and who are to-day undergoing the most violent persecutions at the hands of those to whom he has sold himself. Not many days ago we met this individual, who shall be hereafter known as WOODFORD THE TRAITOR FROM HARBOR MAIN, or the Gafney of Holyrood, at a meeting of the Liberal Party. Traitor (Part 2) He sat at the table of Sir William WHITEWAY, the veteran leader of that party; he entered into their discussions, he participated in their confidences, he subscribed to their policy, and he pledged unwavering loyalty to Sir William and his Party. Like his prototype Judas, he sat at the table with his best friend, and then went out and betrayed him to violent and relentless enemies. He accepted the confidence of his colleagues and then passed out and sold them. He obtained a seat in the Legislature, pledged by his constituents of Harbor Main district to uphold and stand by the Liberal Party and Sir William WHITEWAY, and he deliberately sacrificed their interests for the position of Financial Secretary, and a salary of sixteen hundred dollars per year. Well, the MORINE-GOODRIDGE faction are welcome to such an addition to their ranks. The WHITEWAY party are well rid of such trash, and it is peculiarly fitting that traitors should herd with traitors. This GAFNEY FROM HOLYROOD not only owes his seat in the Legislature to the prestige of the Whiteway Party, but he actually obtained the sum of FOUR HUNDRED DOLLARS from Sir William WHITEWAY, with which to canvas the district last fall. He is today, under obligation to several members of the WHITEWAY Party, who endorsed notes on the banks for him, (which are still outstanding), and tided him over difficulties. Traitor (Part 3) A fitting companion truly is Mr. William WOODFORD for the arch ingrate and traitor, Alfred B. MORINE. It is humiliating to find, that there is in this country a native, capable of PROSTITUTING HIMSELF TO A PARTY OF THE MOST UNPRINCIPLED LOT OF POLITICIANS THAT EVER CURSED ANY LAND. No doubt Mr. WOODFORD is under the impression that he has acted well towards himself. Time will tell, however, whether he has or not. A traitor invariably meets his deserts, and as sure as there is a retributive justice abroad in the world, so sure will Mr. WOODFORD's crime not go unpunished. All honorable men will despise him, his present associates, even vile as they are, will hardly trust him when they now learn the truth of his depravity. The understanding is that Mr. WOODFORD will not go back to his constituents for re-election, but will be rewarded with a permanencey after the party, he has sold himself to, are done with him; and provided they are in a position to carry out their promises. But even a magistracy may be abolished, and it is well that Mr. WOODFORD should know it. "Thou art a traitor! False to thy gods, thy brothers and thy father; Conspirant, 'gainst the liberties of thy country; And from the extremist upward of thy head, To the descent and dust beneath thy feet, A MOST TOAD-SPOTTED TRAITOR" Politics (Part 1) "A Mean Spirit of Revenge." The Dismissal of Assembly Doorkeepers and Messengers. During the past day or two, sufficient evidence has come to light to warrant us in saying that it was a mean and unworthy spirit of revenge and nothing else, that prompted the Tory Government to dismiss the doorkeepers and messengers of the House of Assemble - Messrs. WALSH, MUNDY, DEADY, KNIGHT and LONG. These men did nothing in the general election last fall to deserve the harshest treatment they have received at the hands of Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. They were courteous, willing and faithful in the discharge of their duties - so much so that we challenge the Government to bring a single well-sustained charge against them. If they openly expressed their sympathy for the WHITEWAY party, what of that? Is it not a fact that other public officials in much more prominent positions were loud-mouthed in their support of the Tory Party? We could name half a dozen or more employees of the Customs department, who even went so far as to render themselves offensive to people who had business there, by making partisan and personal remarks about the political situation. The pusillanimous Messrs. MORINE, GOODRIDGE & Co., hadn't the courage to remove from office any prominent official, for the simple reason that they feared the latter's influence in the approaching by-elections. Politics (Part 2) They singled out poor WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, believing that these unassuming citizens could do them no political injury. but we can tell those Tory persecutors of the weak, and panderers to the strong, that the sovereign people will resent their injustice to WALSH, DEADY, KNIGHT, MUNDY and LONG, and that the electors will emphasise their resentment, too, in November next. Humble and all as those subordinates are, they would scorn to be as untruthful and deceptive, as are the vindictive faction by whom they have been thus deprived of the wherewithal to support themselves and families. But let the persecutors beware! The day of retribution is at hand. The dismissed officials will make their influence felt in the coming struggle. Their fellow-countrymen will sympathise with them, and enable them too, to teach even Messrs. GOODRIDGE, MORINE & Co. the lesson that no one, no matter how unpretentious he may be, ought to be mistreated by those in authority. Not a man among the dismissed officials, but has done more for the colony than any member of the Tory faction. What has Mr. GOODRIDGE ever done to increase the wealth of the country? What has Mr. MORINE ever done for Newfoundland, that he should be foisted into the Colonial Secretary's Office over the head of our talented and self-sacrificing fellow-countryman, Mr. BOND? Politics (Part 3) By exorbitant charges on his fishery supplies, Mr. GOODRIDGE has amassed wealth, while many a much better man at heart is to-day obliged, by mercantile oppression, to earn a miserable existence by culling fish on Mr. GOODRIDGE's premises. The men who have been dismissed from the situations they occupied in connection with the Assembly, earned those positions by hard and honest toil. Some of them are tradesmen, others fishermen. While they prosecuted their callings as such, they helped to enrich the country by the fruit of their toil. How much has Mr. Alfred B. MORINE, the present Acting Colonial Secretary, contributed to the wealth of the colony? Why, not a solitary cent! Ever since the well-deserved-inhospitality of his native province, flung him upon our shores, he has been a drone in the hive of industry here, and a barnacle upon the Ship of State, retarding her progress and doing his best to strand her upon the shoals of bankruptcy and Confederation! Newfoundlanders, what is your duty in this emergency? We once more appeal to you who are to the manor born, to rally round the banner of Liberation and Progress! The weal or woe of dear old Fatherland depends upon the issue of the by-elections. In this emergency Terra Nova expects every one of her sons to do his duty. Now then, let your watchword be: "NEWFOUNDLAND FOR NEWFOUNDLANDERS, AND DOWN WITH TORY DESPOTISM." -- Evening Telegram, August 9. WOODFORD The Traitor A Candid Statement From Harbor Main. (Special to The Evening Telegram) Conception Harbor, Aug. 6. it is reported here that WOODFORD, the arch traitor, has stated that the leading men of Harbor Main district approve of his political treachery. This we declare a downright falsehood, intentionally made by "Gafney" to give a tint of justification to his dastardly conduct. We defy him to name even one man, who can command more than his own individual influence in this district, that has approved of his perditious action, or concurred with him in his traitorous conduct. Did the KENNEDY's, St. John's, WADES, HEARNS, COLES, BURKES, COSTELLOS, ROCHES, TILLEYS, CHURCHILLS, BRIENS, LEWISES, or the hundreds of other well-known and loyal Liberals, concur with him in his treachery? No! no!! He was bought with the glitter of office and they will show to the world how they detest, abhor him. Harbor Main district will show, when the time comes, that traitors and purchased turn coats, will not be tolerated. He is detested by all honorable men, and we blush with shame to think that he can claim our district as his birthplace; but the nation of greatest patriots gave birth to the most faithless sons and despicable traitors. Ireland produced CAREY and Harbor Main his prototype, who betrayed his compatriots and abandoned them in their death struggle for liberty. Away with him! Away with the spy and traitor, Gafney WOODFORD, the embodiment of all that is dishonorable whose name henceforth will be a byword and a reproach. New Lighthouse "Baccalieu Lighthouse." The erection of the lighthouse at Baccalieu, near Herring Neck, has commenced, and several men from here and Herring Neck, have gone to the island to engage in the work. As the fishery has been so very bad and many are in want of employment, we don't see why a much larger number of men from Herring Neck especially, should not be employed at this work. Perhaps Messrs. GOODRIDGE and KNIGHT, at whose instance the choice and limited number have been employed, may be able to explain to the satisfaction of the public generally. The money for the erection of this lighthouse was provided by the WHITEWAY government during the session of 1893, but it is the Goodridge-Morine party that have the expending of it, and Messrs. Goodridge and Knight are responsible for how the work is proceeding. Drowning "A Newfoundland Sailor Drowned." He Sank While Bathing at Sydney. We learn through Captain Robert FRASER of the SS. "Coban", that a Newfoundlander named Arch. OSMOND, who had been attached to the SS "Louisburg", has been very recently drowned at Sydney. He had been swimming from the International pier, took cramps and sank, and in the presence of witnesses unable to rescue him. -- Evening Telegram. The above young man was about 21 years of age and son of Mr. Abraham OSMOND Tizzards Harbor, and we sympathise with the parents and family in the sad loss thus sustained. Politics "Sir William WHITEWAY Returns to the City in Excellent Humor for the Coming Fight." Sir William WHITEWAY, the ever popular Leader of the Liberal Party, returned to this city by the afternoon train, after a most enjoyable fishing trip out on the N.N. and W. railway line. He is in excellent trim for the by elections, and promises to give the Tory faction a greater thrashing this fall than they got in 1889, and in 1893. The Liberal Party are already actively preparing for the coming campaign. In a few days more, we shall be in a position to take the field, fully equipped for the fight. Candidates are ready for nomination, the "sinews of war" are available, and the people are warmly with us. Tory persecutors, "look out for squalls." The day of retribution is at hand! -- Evening Telegram, August 7. Bank Appointments C.S. PINSENT, Esq., has been appointed manager of the Union Bank, in the place of the late J. GOLDIE, Esq. W.H. CROWDY, Esq., takes Mr. PINSENT's place. W.W. WATSON, Esq., fills the position of receiving teller. Mr. PETERS becomes accountant, his place being filled by R. DONNELLY, and Mr. C. BAYLY joins the Bank staff as junior clerk. -- Royal Gazette, August 7. Shipping News The "Gipsy," J.W. OSMOND, master, arrived from St. John's Wednesday afternoon. We are indebted to Mr. OSMOND for late local papers. The English vessel, "Clementine," Capt. BALL, arrived from Glasgow last Saturday with a cargo of coal and brick to the firm of E. DUDER. She had a tedious passage, being thirty-seven days left port. The schooner "Jeanie," J.W. ROBERTS, master, called here Monday on her way to Labrador. She has coals and provisions and is bound as far North as Rama with supplies to the missionaries laboring on that distant part of the coast. Bequest We learn that the will of Jane Anthony EAMES of Concord, admitted to probate on Friday, July 20th, 1894, contains a bequest of $1,000 to the Right Rev. Llewellyn JONES, Bishop of Newfoundland and Bermuda. Child Abuse The steamer "Fleta" left here on Tuesday morning for Burnt Bay, having on board F. BERTEAU, Esq., JP., and Sergeant PATTEN. The Magistrate is gone there to investigate an alleged case of ill-treatment to a child who died at Burnt Bay some time age, which has recently been brought under his notice. Forest Fire During the week a forest fire was raging some distance away, said to be at Muddy Hole on the Straight Shore, and we learn that several houses there were destroyed. Fortunately the heavy rain fall of Thursday will probably put an end to it. It is to be regretted that almost every summer so much of our valuable timber land is devastated by forest fires. Religious The Rev. G.S. CHAMBERLAIN, Incumbent of Herring Neck Parish, officiated in St. Peter's Church last Sunday, morning and evening. His discourses on both occasions were deep, forcible and practicable, and appeared to be much appreciated by the large congregations. In the afternoon he conducted the Flower Service in St. Andrew's Church, which was of a most interesting character and very largely attended. The Fishery The fishery around our shores has been better the past week than it has this season. Tuesday and Wednesday some boats at Crow head got from a half to one quintal, but it was so stormy Thursday and yesterday that the fishing grounds could not be reached. Let us hope that the recent change in the weather will bring about an improvement in the fishery in this Bay generally. We learn that there has also been a slight alteration for the better about Fogo within the last week or ten days. Ship Arrival The schooner "Spring Bird," Alex. NOLE, master, belonging to Mr. H.B. SPENCE, arrived here from Flowers Cove Thursday evening, bound to Harbor Grace with oil and skins. She left Flowers Cove on Monday last and on Wednesday night when off the Grey Islands, experienced very heavy weather, which burst her foresail and staysail, carried away flying jib, jib stay and taffrail, and broke in part of bulwarks. The fishery at Flowers Cove is said to be the worst for many years. Schooner has Rough Trip The schooner "Terra Nova," which left here for St. John's on the 6th inst with a load of lumber from Indian Arm, and the misfortune of getting on a rock while going through Stag Harbor Run. It was very moderate weather and it is probable she was dragged on the rock by the tide. Fortunately the "Flamingo", Capt. SCEVIOUR was near at the time and he and his crew rendered assistance in getting the Terra Nova afloat. She had a big deck load of lumber which had to be removed, and a raft was made by the side of the schooner for the purpose. The tide was low when the vessel grounded and when it rose and the deck lightened of its burden, with the help of Mr. SCEVIOUR and his crew the Terra Nova was floated off and no damage was caused, as, fortunately, the water was very smooth all the while. The lumber was again put on deck and the craft proceeded on her course and reached ST. JOHN's the early part of this week. Deaths in House Fire A house belonging to Mr. William CURNEW, was destroyed by fire at St. Carls, (French Shore), on the 14th July and three small children were consumed in the flames. Arson "Big Fire At Pilley's Island." The Work of an Incendiary. (Special to the Daily News) Little Bay, Aug. 11. On last Wednesday night, the business premises of the Notre Dame Trading Company, Pilley's Island, consisting of shop, dwelling and two stores, totally destroyed by fire. Loss estimated at twenty thousand dollars. The fire originated in the fish store, where some rinds were stored, and was the act of an incendiary. A man named George RAINES, of Sandy Cove Islands, is under arrest, charged with the crime. It appears that he confessed to Mr. STRONG, of the trading company, and Constable BISHOP at the time of arrest, that he did the deed, and, further, how he did it, by breaking a pane of glass in the store window, and throwing a lighted match in amongst the rinds. A Magisterial inquiry was held to-day. RAINES committed for trial. He admitted he had no spleen against Mr. STRONG or the Trading Company. He said the deed was suggested by another person named SNOW, who was indebted to STRONG. A warrant was issued for SNOW's arrest. The wind was high at the time of the fire, and carried flankers down on the Mining company's premises and set fire to the woods in vicinity, which, fortunately, was quickly seen and extinguished. For a time the undenominational school house stood in great danger, and no doubt, not withstanding the strenuous efforts put forth to save it, would have been consumed but for a timely change of the wind, a most fortunate change for the inhabitants of that thriving settlement, for had the school house which is built on the height overlooking the village taken fire flankers would be driven in all directions, causing probably the destruction of the whole place, and possibly worse - the loss of life. Died Drowned, on the 8th of July, at the Straits of Belle Isle, George GRIMES, of herring Neck, aged 26 years. Died On the 3rd inst., at "Florence Glove". Rosina Emeline, aged 44 years, wife of Henry GOODRIDGE, Esq. Died On the 5th inst., at St. John's, in the 81st year of his age, David SCLATER, Esq., a native of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Scotland.
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A complete bodycount over the main characters and the Predators kills. Note: the numbers has been gathered from AOBG. The Face huggers and the Dog Predators has been omitted. The Alien Queen from Alien vs. Predator has been omitted as well, due to being a CGI creation. For more action-packed info please visit: www.allouttabubblegum.com
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IMDb
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https://www.imdb.com/list/ls027485237/
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With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick Austrian accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California!?
The amazing story of megastar Arnold Schwarzenegger is a true "rags to riches" tale of a penniless immigrant making it in the land of opportunity, the United States of America. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born July 30, 1947, in the town of Thal, Styria, Austria, to Aurelia Schwarzenegger (born Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger, the local police chief. From a young age, he took a keen interest in physical fitness and bodybuilding, going on to compete in several minor contests in Europe. However, it was when he emigrated to the United States in 1968 at the tender age of 21 that his star began to rise.
Up until the early 1970s, bodybuilding had been viewed as a rather oddball sport, or even a mis-understood "freak show" by the general public, however two entrepreneurial Canadian brothers Ben Weider and Joe Weider set about broadening the appeal of "pumping iron" and getting the sport respect, and what better poster boy could they have to lead the charge, then the incredible "Austrian Oak", Arnold Schwarzenegger. Over roughly the next decade, beginning in 1970, Schwarzenegger dominated the sport of competitive bodybuilding winning five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles and, with it, he made himself a major sports icon, he generated a new international audience for bodybuilding, gym memberships worldwide swelled by the tens of thousands and the Weider sports business empire flourished beyond belief and reached out to all corners of the globe. However, Schwarzenegger's horizons were bigger than just the landscape of bodybuilding and he debuted on screen as "Arnold Strong" in the low budget Hercules in New York (1970), then director Bob Rafelson cast Arnold in Mister Universum (1976) alongside Jeff Bridges and Sally Field, for which Arnold won a Golden Globe Award for "Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture". The mesmerizing Pumping Iron (1977) covering the 1975 Mr Olympia contest in South Africa has since gone on to become one of the key sports documentaries of the 20th century, plus Arnold landed other acting roles in the comedy Kaktus Jack (1979) opposite Kirk Douglas, and he portrayed Mickey Hargitay in the well- received TV movie Die Jayne Mansfield Story (1980).
What Arnold really needed was a super hero / warrior style role in a lavish production that utilized his chiseled physique, and gave him room to show off his growing acting talents and quirky humor. Conan, der Barbar (1982) was just that role. Inspired by the Robert E. Howard short stories of the "Hyborean Age" and directed by gung ho director John Milius, and with a largely unknown cast, save Max von Sydow and James Earl Jones, "Conan" was a smash hit worldwide and an inferior, although still enjoyable sequel titled Conan der Zerstörer (1984) quickly followed. If "Conan" was the kick start to Arnold's movie career, then his next role was to put the pedal to the floor and accelerate his star status into overdrive. Director James Cameron had until that time only previously directed one earlier feature film titled Fliegende Killer - Piranha II (1982), which stank of rotten fish from start to finish. However, Cameron had penned a fast paced, science fiction themed film script that called for an actor to play an unstoppable, ruthless predator - Terminator (1984). Made on a relatively modest budget, the high voltage action / science fiction thriller Terminator (1984) was incredibly successful worldwide, and began one of the most profitable film franchises in history. The dead pan phrase "I'll be back" quickly became part of popular culture across the globe. Schwarzenegger was in vogue with action movie fans, and the next few years were to see Arnold reap box office gold in roles portraying tough, no-nonsense individuals who used their fists, guns and witty one-liners to get the job done. The testosterone laden Phantom Kommando (1985), Der City Hai (1986), Predator (1987), Running Man (1987) and Red Heat (1988) were all box office hits and Arnold could seemingly could no wrong when it came to picking winning scripts. The tongue-in-cheek comedy Twins - Zwillinge (1988) with co-star Danny DeVito was a smash and won Arnold new fans who saw a more comedic side to the muscle- bound actor once described by Australian author / TV host Clive James as "a condom stuffed with walnuts". The spectacular Total Recall - Die totale Erinnerung (1990) and "feel good" Kindergarten Cop (1990) were both solid box office performers for Arnold, plus he was about to return to familiar territory with director James Cameron in Terminator 2: Tag der Abrechnung (1991). The second time around for the futuristic robot, the production budget had grown from the initial film's $6.5 million to an alleged $100 million for the sequel, and it clearly showed as the stunning sequel bristled with amazing special effects, bone-crunching chases & stunt sequences, plus state of the art computer-generated imagery. Terminator 2: Tag der Abrechnung (1991) was arguably the zenith of Arnold's film career to date and he was voted "International Star of the Decade" by the National Association of Theatre Owners.
Remarkably, his next film Last Action Hero (1993) brought Arnold back to Earth with a hard thud as the self-satirizing, but confusing plot line of a young boy entering into a mythical Hollywood action film confused movie fans even more and they stayed away in droves making the film an initial financial disaster. Arnold turned back to good friend, director James Cameron and the chemistry was definitely still there as the "James Bond" style spy thriller True Lies - Wahre Lügen (1994) co-starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Tom Arnold was the surprise hit of 1994! Following the broad audience appeal of True Lies - Wahre Lügen (1994), Schwarzenegger decided to lean towards more family-themed entertainment with Junior (1994) and Versprochen ist versprochen (1996), but he still found time to satisfy his hard-core fan base with Eraser (1996), as the chilling "Mr. Freeze" in Batman & Robin (1997) and battling dark forces in the supernatural action of End of Days - Nacht ohne morgen (1999). The science fiction / conspiracy tale The 6th Day (2000) played to only mediocre fan interest, and Collateral Damage - Zeit der Vergeltung (2002) had its theatrical release held over for nearly a year after the tragic events of Sept 11th 2001, but it still only received a lukewarm reception.
It was time again to resurrect Arnold's most successful franchise and, in 2003, Schwarzenegger pulled on the biker leathers for the third time for Terminator 3: Rebellion der Maschinen (2003). Unfortunately, directorial duties passed from James Cameron to Jonathan Mostow and the deletion of the character of "Sarah Connor" aka Linda Hamilton and a change in the actor playing "John Connor" - Nick Stahl took over from Edward Furlong - making the third entry in the "Terminator" series the weakest to date.
Schwarzenegger married TV journalist Maria Shriver in April, 1986 and the couple have four children.
In October of 2003 Schwarzenegger, running as a Republican, was elected Governor of California in a special recall election of then governor Gray Davis. The "Governator," as Schwarzenegger came to be called, held the office until 2011. Upon leaving the Governor's mansion it was revealed that he had fathered a child with the family's live-in maid and Shriver filed for divorce.
Schwarzenegger contributed cameo roles to Welcome to the Jungle (2003), In 80 Tagen um die Welt (2004) and The Kid & I (2005). Recently, he starred in The Expendables 2 (2012), The Last Stand (2013), Escape Plan (2013), The Expendables 3 (2014), and Terminator - Genisys (2015).
Actor, producer and humanitarian Danny Glover has been a commanding presence on screen, stage and television for more than 35 years.
Glover was born in San Francisco, California, to Carrie (Hunley) and James Glover, postal workers who were also active in civil rights. Glover trained at the Black Actors' Workshop of the American Conservatory Theater. It was his Broadway debut in Fugard's Master Harold...and the Boys, which brought him to national recognition and led director Robert Benton to cast Glover in his first leading role in 1984's Oscar®-nominated Best Picture Places in the Heart.
The following year, Glover starred in two more Best Picture nominees: Peter Weir's Witness and Steven Spielberg's The Color Purple. In 1987, Glover partnered with Mel Gibson in the first Lethal Weapon film and went on to star in three hugely successful Lethal Weapon sequels. Glover has also invested his talents in more personal projects, including the award-winning To Sleep With Anger, which he executive produced and for which he won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor; Bopha!; Manderlay; Missing in America; and the film version of Athol Fugard's play Boesman and Lena. On the small screen, Glover won an Image Award and a Cable ACE Award and earned an Emmy nomination for his performance in the title role of the HBO movie Mandela. He has also received Emmy nominations for his work in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove and the telefilm Freedom Song. As a director, he earned a Daytime Emmy nomination for Showtime's Just a Dream.
Glover's film credits range from the blockbuster Lethal Weapon franchise to smaller independent features, some of which Glover also produced. He co-starred in the critically acclaimed feature Dreamgirls directed by Bill Condon and in Po' Boy's Game for director Clement Virgo. He appeared in the hit feature Shooter for director Antoine Fuqua, Honeydripper for director John Sayles, and Be Kind, Rewind for director Michel Gondry.
Glover has also gained respect for his wide-reaching community activism and philanthropic efforts, with a particular emphasis on advocacy for economic justice, and access to health care and education programs in the United States and Africa. For these efforts, Glover received a 2006 DGA Honor. Internationally, Glover has served as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Development Program from 1998-2004, focusing on issues of poverty, disease, and economic development in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and serves as UNICEF Ambassador.
In 2005, Glover co-founded Louverture Films dedicated to the development and production of films of historical relevance, social purpose, commercial value and artistic integrity. The New York based company has a slate of progressive features and documentaries including Trouble the Water, which won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival, Africa Unite, award winning feature Bamako, and most recent projects Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, and The Disappearance of McKinley Nolan.
A blond-haired, fair-complexioned actor with a toothy grin and capable of an unsettling glint in his eyes, Gary Busey was born in Goose Creek, Texas, and was raised in Oklahoma. He is the son of Sadie Virginia (Arnett), a homemaker, and Delmar Lloyd Busey, a construction design manager. He has English, as well as Irish, Scottish, and German, ancestry. He graduated from Nathan Hale High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1962 and for a while was a professional musician. A talented drummer, he played in several bands, including those of country-and-western legends Leon Russell, Kris Kristofferson and Willie Nelson.
Busey's first film appearance was as a biker in the low-budget Angels Hard as They Come (1971) and, over the next few years, he landed several film roles generally as a country hick/redneck or surly, rebellious types. His real breakthrough came in the dynamic film Die Buddy Holly Story (1978), with Busey taking the lead role as Buddy Holly, in addition to playing guitar and singing all the vocals! His stellar performance scored him a Best Actor nomination and the attention of Hollywood taking overcasting agents. Next up, he joined fellow young actors William Katt and Jan-Michael Vincent as surfing buddies growing up together in the cult surf film Tag der Entscheidung (1978), directed by John Milius. However, a string of appearances in somewhat mediocre films took him out of the spotlight for several years, until he played the brutal assassin Mr. Joshua trying to kill Los Angeles cops Mel Gibson and Danny Glover in the runaway mega-hit Lethal Weapon - Zwei stahlharte Profis (1987). Further strong roles followed, including alongside Danny Glover once again in Predator 2 (1990). He was back on the beaches, this time tracking bank robbers with FBI agent Keanu Reeves, in Gefährliche Brandung (1991) and nearly stole the show as a psychotic Navy officer in league with terrorists led by Tommy Lee Jones taking over the USS Missouri in the highly popular Alarmstufe: Rot (1992).
The entertaining Busey has continued to remain busy in front of the cameras and has certainly developed a minor cult following among many film fans. Plus, he's also the proud father of accomplished young actor Jake Busey, whose looks make him almost a dead ringer for his famous father.
Bahamian-born Calvin Lockhart first caught moviegoers' attention in the supercharged urban films Wenn es Nacht wird in Manhattan (1970) and Halls of Anger (1970) before becoming a fairly steady fixture in the "blaxploitation" movies of the early-to-mid-1970s.
Born Bert Cooper to a large family in Nassau on October 18, 1934, he was raised there before moving to New York in his late teens with initial designs on becoming a civil engineer (Cooper Union School of Engineering). Dropping out after a year to pursue an acting career, Calvin worked as a carpenter and construction worker, among other odd jobs. He first studied with legendary coach Uta Hagen and then hit the New York theater boards. The story goes that he was discovered by playwright Ketti Frings while working as a taxi driver. She was so impressed with his arrogance that she cast him in her play "The Cool World" in 1960. From there Calvin drummed up interest via a bit of controversy on Broadway when he played a sailor in love with a white girl in the racially-themed "A Taste of Honey" starring Angela Lansbury.
Serious film and TV roles for black actors were scarce at that time, so Calvin moved to Europe. In Italy he owned a restaurant and formed his own theater company, serving as both actor and director. He also lived in Germany before settling in England. He starting building up film credits with minor work in such British movies as Todestanz eines Killers (1968) and Nur über eine Leiche (1968). He made news in another racially-motivated project entitled Joanna (1968), which centered around a "mod", interracial romance with 'Genevieve Waite'.
Returning to the US with a stronger resume, he made a distinct early impression as a slick preacher bent on fraud in the hip cop flick Wenn es Nacht wird in Manhattan (1970) and as an English teacher in the inner-city potboiler Halls of Anger (1970). He also involved himself in such black action features as Melinda (1972), Honeybaby, Honeybaby (1974) and The Baron (1977). Similar in charismatic style and intelligence to Sidney Poitier, the famed actor-director was impressed enough to cast Calvin in his broad comedy vehicles Samstagnacht oben in der Stadt (1974) and Drehn wir noch'n Ding (1975). Calvin could also play fey upon request, camping it up briefly in Myra Breckinridge - Mann oder Frau? (1970). During this rich period he also became an artist-in-residence with the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford (the first black actor so honored) and appeared prestigiously in such productions as "Titus Andronicus" (1972).
Calvin's career grew lackluster, however, by the end of the decade, resorting to trivial guest parts in such TV shows as Good Times (1974) and Get Christie Love! (1974). He landed a recurring role on the nighttime soap Der Denver-Clan (1981) in the early '80s.
In 1974, Calvin married a woman also from the West Indies and had three children. After his career subsided, he decided to return to his homeland in the mid '90s and resettled in Nassau with his fourth wife, Jennifer Miles. There he involved himself with the Freeport Players Guild as a director. He also returned to films after a 15-year absence, completing Rain (2008), a movie shot in the Bahamas, shortly before he suffered a major stroke. Calvin died of complications on March 29, 2007, and his family is in the process of establishing a scholarship fund in his name for Bahamian student pursuing an acting or filmmaking career.
Engaged on the big and small screen, he has always dedicated his energies to social commitment. The role played in Capitano Ultimo is the one he is most attached to. He supported Sergio De Caprio in the creation of a non-profit foundation and the Casa Famiglia Capitano Ultimo, in the Parco della Mistica, on the south-eastern outskirts of Rome, with the aim of defeating the culture of ethnic, religious, social or physical diversity by welcoming underprivileged minors who are given education and training that allows them to undertake honest work. He works alongside the Io Ci Sono association for the reconstruction of multifunctional centers in the areas of central Italy hit by the earthquake in 2016. In 2010, during the World Food Day ceremony, he was appointed FAO Good Will Ambassador. In 2005 he decided to research and produce stories in which he could express himself freely on an acting, creative and productive level, creating his own Film Production Company. The intent is to give space to projects with social value, which can, through cinema and television, spread messages that lead to reflection. He produces Sbirri, a docu-film on the world of police and drugs, which has enjoyed considerable success with audiences and critics both at the cinema and on TV. He presents the short film 15 Seconds in Brussels, against the death penalty, sponsored by the European Parliament, the Presidency of the Republic, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Education. He co-produces Io, l'altro which talks about racism and preconceptions and how the way of seeing others has changed after September 11th. With MediaFriends he produced two social shorts: Graffiti and Amore nero, the latter shot as a manifesto against violence against women, starring Michelle Hunziker and the directorial debut of Raoul himself. The short receives an official commendation from the President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano. He works with some of the most influential names in the national and international film industry. In collaboration with Mediaset he produces successful television series such as Fuoco Amico Task Force 45, Come un Delfino with the music of Ennio Morricone and Come un Delfino-La serie. His debut as an actor took place in Una storia italiana directed by Stefano Reali, since then he has acted alongside Anthony Quinn, Sophia Loren, Giancarlo Giannini, Michele Placido, F. Murray Abraham, Sylvester Stallone, Carole Bouquet, Diane Lane, Sarah Jessica Parker, Angelina Jolie and many others. Protagonist of some of the most successful television series, such as the most recent Buongiorno mamma and Don Matteo (he recently finished filming its second season), and the recently aired I Fantastici 5, where the theme of youth disability is addressed, while we will soon see him on the big screen in the film Greta e le favole vere.
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Phosphorylation of Histone H4T80 Triggers DNA Damage Checkpoint Recovery
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[
"Gonzalo Millan-Zambrano",
"Helena Santos-Rosa",
"Fabio Puddu",
"Samuel C. Robson",
"Stephen P. Jackson",
"Tony Kouzarides"
] |
2018-11-15T00:00:00
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In response to genotoxic stress, cells activate a signaling cascade known as the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) that leads to a temporary cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Because persistent DDC activation compromises cell viability, ...
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en
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico
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PubMed Central (PMC)
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6242705/
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Mol Cell. 2018 Nov 15; 72(4): 625–635.e4.
PMCID: PMC6242705
PMID: 30454561
Phosphorylation of Histone H4T80 Triggers DNA Damage Checkpoint Recovery
,1,4,∗ ,1,4 ,2 ,3 ,2 and 1,5,∗∗
Gonzalo Millan-Zambrano
1The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
Find articles by Gonzalo Millan-Zambrano
Helena Santos-Rosa
1The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
Find articles by Helena Santos-Rosa
Fabio Puddu
2The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
Find articles by Fabio Puddu
Samuel C. Robson
3School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
Find articles by Samuel C. Robson
Stephen P. Jackson
2The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
Find articles by Stephen P. Jackson
Tony Kouzarides
1The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
Find articles by Tony Kouzarides
1The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
2The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
3School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
∗Corresponding author se.su@nallimg
∗∗Corresponding author ku.ca.mac.nodrug@sedirazuok.t
4These authors contributed equally
5Lead Contact
Copyright © 2018 The Authors
This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Associated Data
Supplementary Materials
mmc1.pdf (6.8M)
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mmc2.pdf (10M)
GUID: AA2842AD-B5D0-4718-AFF5-646DC7F6E925
Summary
In response to genotoxic stress, cells activate a signaling cascade known as the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) that leads to a temporary cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Because persistent DDC activation compromises cell viability, this process must be tightly regulated. However, despite its importance, the mechanisms regulating DDC recovery are not completely understood. Here, we identify a DNA-damage-regulated histone modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphorylation of H4 threonine 80 (H4T80ph), and show that it triggers checkpoint inactivation. H4T80ph is critical for cell survival to DNA damage, and its absence causes impaired DDC recovery and persistent cell cycle arrest. We show that, in response to genotoxic stress, p21-activated kinase Cla4 phosphorylates H4T80 to recruit Rtt107 to sites of DNA damage. Rtt107 displaces the checkpoint adaptor Rad9, thereby interrupting the checkpoint-signaling cascade. Collectively, our results indicate that H4T80ph regulates DDC recovery.
Keywords: histone modifications, DNA damage checkpoint, Cla4, PAK, H4T80ph, Rad53, Rtt107, Rad9
Highlights
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Histone H4T80 phosphorylation regulates DNA damage checkpoint recovery
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In response to DNA damage, PAK family kinase Cla4 phosphorylates H4T80
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H4T80 phosphorylation promotes timely recruitment of the scaffold protein Rtt107
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H4T80ph-bound Rtt107 counteracts Rad9 binding to H3K79me
Termination of the checkpoint-signaling cascade is essential for resumption of normal cell growth after DNA damage. Millan-Zambrano et al. show that phosphorylation of histone H4T80 regulates the transition between DNA damage checkpoint activation and recovery by promoting timely recruitment of Rtt107 protein.
Introduction
Genome integrity is continuously threatened by DNA damage arising from both exogenous and endogenous sources. However, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway identifies and repairs damaged DNA to ensure that the genetic information is faithfully maintained. The eukaryotic genome is compacted into chromatin, whose fundamental repeating unit is the nucleosome. Nucleosomes consist of 147 base pairs of DNA tightly wrapped around a core histone octamer, which is composed of two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 (Luger et al., 1997). Importantly, chromatin structure regulates all DNA-based processes, including the DDR. In this regard, histones are subject to post-translational modifications that change chromatin structure and provide docking sites for other proteins. These modifications are dynamically deposited and removed by chromatin-modifying enzymes in a tightly regulated manner (Bannister and Kouzarides, 2011).
Histone post-translational modifications occur both in the tails and the core domains. One of the first-studied core modifications was methylation of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79me), which plays an important role in the DDR (Giannattasio et al., 2005, van Leeuwen et al., 2002). Since then, several novel histone modifications have been identified by mass spectrometry, with many of them being localized to the core domains. However, in contrast to those present in the tails, modifications in the core region of the nucleosome are far less characterized.
In response to DNA damage, cells activate a signal transduction cascade referred to as the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC), which results in a temporary cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair pathways (Branzei and Foiani, 2009). The molecular mechanism regulating this signaling cascade was initially described in yeast, and later, it was shown to be conserved in mammals (Elledge, 1996, Harper and Elledge, 2007). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mec1 kinase orchestrates the DDC signaling process. Mec1 is first recruited to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through an interaction with replication protein A (Nakada et al., 2005, Zou and Elledge, 2003) and then activated by two independent factors, Dpb11 and PCNA-like complex (Navadgi-Patil and Burgers, 2009, Puddu et al., 2011). Two direct targets of Mec1 are histone H2A serine 129 (γH2A) and the checkpoint adaptor Rad9 (Downs et al., 2000, Gilbert et al., 2001), which is recruited to sites of DNA damage via two different pathways: one relying on Dpb11 and the other one on H3K79me and γH2A (Pfander and Diffley, 2011, Puddu et al., 2008). Rad9 plays a crucial role in the signaling cascade, working as an adaptor between Mec1 and its target kinase Rad53, whose activation is essential for the coordination of the DDR (Pellicioli and Foiani, 2005). Once fully activated, Rad53 is released from the Rad9 complex, leading to an amplification of the checkpoint signal (Branzei and Foiani, 2006).
Whereas the molecular mechanisms regulating DDC activation are well understood, comparatively less is known about how DDC recovery is initiated and controlled. Even though different factors have been shown to be involved in the process (Chen et al., 2008, Keogh et al., 2006, Shimada et al., 2008, Vaze et al., 2002), the molecular mechanisms governing DDC recovery are still not apparent. However, this is a critically important process because persistent checkpoint activation is detrimental to cell viability (Clerici et al., 2001). Termination of the DDC requires inactivation of the downstream kinase Rad53 to allow resumption of the cell cycle. Although direct inactivation of Rad53 kinase can be achieved by the action of specific phosphatases (Leroy et al., 2003, O’Neill et al., 2007), full DDC recovery requires interruption of the upstream signaling cascade. In this context, it has been proposed that the Rtt107-Slx4 protein complex can outcompete Rad9 from γH2A and Dpb11 (Cussiol et al., 2015, Ohouo et al., 2013). However, the mechanism regulating this transition still remains elusive. The findings presented here identify H4T80ph, a DNA-damage-regulated histone core modification, as a key regulator of the switch between DDC activation and DDC recovery.
Results
H4T80ph Promotes Cell Survival in Response to DNA Damage
Within nucleosomes, the lateral surface of the core histone octamer is in direct contact with the DNA and is of particular interest, because it is fundamental to nucleosome integrity and therefore has the potential to affect all DNA-based processes (Lawrence et al., 2016). In this regard, the amino acid residues within the L2 loop of histone H4 are particularly noteworthy, because they contact both DNA and the L1 loop of histone H3 (Luger et al., 1997). In order to shed some light on the function(s) of this specific region, we individually mutated every residue in the L2 loop of H4 (residues 77–82; A) to alanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and investigated phenotypes of resulting strains. We observed that, in contrast to other mutations analyzed, mutation of either arginine 78 (H4R78A) or threonine 80 (H4T80A) results in severe hypersensitivity to the DNA-damaging agents camptothecin (CPT) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) ( A).
We initially focused on the possible role of H4R78 in the DDR. H4R78 forms hydrogen bonds with histone H4 aspartate 85 (H4D85) (Figure S1A), but disruption of this salt bridge by H4D85A mutation does not elicit DNA damage hypersensitivity ( B), suggesting that this interaction is not necessary for the DDR. We then asked whether methylation of H4R78 might be required for DNA damage resistance. However, mutation of H4R78 to lysine does not cause DNA damage hypersensitivity ( B), indicating that the presence of a basic amino acid residue at position 78 is sufficient for cell viability in response to DNA damage.
Although H4T80 could exert its functions in various ways, we were intrigued by the possibility that it might be phosphorylated in a manner requiring a basic amino acid residue at position 78. In this regard, certain basophilic protein kinases are known to target either threonine or serine preceded by basic residues (Mok et al., 2010). In agreement with the hypothesis that H4T80 phosphorylation may be required for DNA damage resistance, mutation of this residue to serine, which can also be substrate of basophilic kinases, largely rescues the DNA damage hypersensitivity of the H4T80A mutants ( C). Interestingly, mutation of H4T80 to either aspartic acid or glutamic acid, which can mimic a permanent phosphorylated state, causes cell death (Figure S1B). Collectively, these results suggest that phosphorylation of H4T80 is important for cell survival in response to DNA damage.
Different large-scale mass spectrometry studies identified histone H4T80ph in higher eukaryotes (Bennetzen et al., 2010, Hornbeck et al., 2015, Lundby et al., 2012, Mertins et al., 2014, Olsen et al., 2010, Parker et al., 2015, Tsai et al., 2015). However, its function still remains completely unexplored. To investigate the possible role of H4T80 phosphorylation in the DDR, we raised an antibody against H4T80ph, whose specificity was first assessed by peptide dot-blot analysis. This antibody specifically recognizes H4T80ph peptides, but not other H4 phospho-peptides, such as H4T30ph or H4T96ph (Figure S2A). Moreover, the antibody does not recognize histone H3T80ph peptides, in which the phosphorylated threonine is also preceded by a basic residue (Figure S2B). Immunoblot studies using purified yeast histones (Figure S2C) showed that the antibody reacts with H4 and that the signal is strongly reduced upon phosphatase treatment (Figure S2D), indicating that it recognizes phosphorylated H4. To determine whether it specifically reacts with H4T80ph, we isolated histones from H4T80A mutant cells. In contrast to wild-type histone H4, the antibody does not detect mutant histone H4T80A (Figure S2E). Together, these results therefore confirm that the antibody specifically recognizes H4T80ph in yeast.
Because the H4T80A mutant is sensitive to DNA-damaging agents, we asked whether H4T80ph levels might be regulated in response to DNA damage. Importantly, immunoblot studies confirmed that H4T80ph levels increase upon CPT treatment ( D). To investigate whether H4T80ph occurs at sites of DNA damage, we used a well-established experimental system in which addition of galactose induces a single, persistent DNA double-strand break (DSB) (Figure S2F; Lee et al., 1998). This system has been widely used before to monitor the recruitment of DNA repair factors and chromatin regulators to a DSB by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (Bennett et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2012, Lee et al., 2014, Sugawara et al., 2003, Wang and Haber, 2004). Upon galactose induction, H4T80ph levels increase at the DSB site ( E), but not in an unrelated region, suggesting that H4T80ph is particularly accumulated at sites of DNA damage. Collectively, the above findings support that H4T80 phosphorylation promotes cell survival in response to DNA damage.
PAK Family Kinase Cla4 Phosphorylates Histone H4T80
We next sought to identify the kinase(s) responsible for H4T80ph. Although yeast basophilic kinases commonly show a strong selectivity for arginine residues three amino acid residues upstream of the phosphorylation site (P-3), only four of them (Ipl1, Cla4, Ste20, and Skm1) are selective for arginine at the P-2 position (Mok et al., 2010). As the role of Ipl1 in the regulation of chromosome condensation via phosphorylation of H3, but not H4, has been extensively characterized (Hsu et al., 2000), we focused on the other three kinases, which are members of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) family (Zhao and Manser, 2012). Cla4 is involved in septin ring assembly, actin polymerization, and cytokinesis (Cvrcková et al., 1995, Versele and Thorner, 2004). Ste20 was first identified as an essential protein in the mating pathway (Leberer et al., 1992), although it also plays some overlapping functions with Cla4 (Cvrcková et al., 1995). Finally, less is known about the functions of Skm1, which is a paralog of Cla4 (Martín et al., 1997). Notably, none of these three yeast kinases have been specifically linked to the DDR.
Deletion of CLA4, but not SKM1 or STE20, results in DNA damage hypersensitivity ( A), suggesting that Cla4 is involved in the DDR. Moreover, immunoblot analysis showed that cla4Δ mutant cells exhibit a strong reduction in H4T80ph levels compared to wild-type cells ( B), indicating that Cla4 is required for H4T80 phosphorylation in vivo. To address whether Cla4 can directly phosphorylate H4 in vitro, we produced recombinant wild-type Cla4 (rCla4) and a kinase dead version (rCla4K594A; C; Versele and Thorner, 2004). Importantly, wild-type Cla4, but not the kinase dead version, phosphorylates H4 in a mixture of free histones in vitro ( D). To determine whether Cla4 phosphorylates H4T80, we used a histone H4 peptide encompassing the region (residues 70–90). Notably, rCla4 phosphorylates histone H4T80 peptide, but not a version of this peptide in which T80 is replaced by alanine ( E). Taken together, these results indicate that Cla4 is responsible for H4T80 phosphorylation.
Our in vitro assays revealed some Cla4 activity, although to a much lesser extent, toward other histones. In line with this, it has been reported that H3 is phosphorylated at an equivalent position (H3T80) in mammalian cells (Hammond et al., 2014). H3T80 is also preceded by a basic residue, although at the P-1 position, raising the possibility that Cla4 could be responsible for H3T80ph. However, in contrast to H4T80A, the H3T80A mutant does not display hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents (Figure S3C), further supporting the notion that Cla4 specifically phosphorylates H4T80 to promote cell survival in response to DNA damage.
To explore whether Cla4 phosphorylates H4T80 at sites of DNA damage, we first analyzed the DSB recruitment of Cla4 kinase by ChIP. Upon galactose induction, Cla4 is recruited to the DSB site ( A), suggesting that it plays a direct role in the DDR. Moreover, ChIP analysis revealed that H4T80ph accumulation at the DSB site is dependent on Cla4 ( B). Importantly, defective accumulation of H4T80ph in cla4Δ mutant cells is not due to impaired DSB induction (Figure S3D). Together, these results indicate that Cla4 is responsible for H4T80 phosphorylation at sites of DNA damage.
H4T80ph Regulates the DNA Damage Checkpoint
To examine functions of H4T80ph, we next investigated the origin of the DNA damage hypersensitivity of the H4T80A mutant strain. We initially excluded the possibility that this phenotype was due to impaired expression of DDR genes by analyzing changes in gene expression profiles between wild-type and H4T80A mutant cells (Figure S4A). Importantly, genes exhibiting significant differential expression show no enrichment for DNA-damage-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms (Figure S4B). Moreover, analysis of 206 genes involved with cellular response to DNA damage stimulus (GO: 0006974) show almost no change in expression between H4T80A mutant and wild-type cells, particularly when contrasted with a randomly selected subset of 206 genes (Figure S4C).
We next explored whether H4T80ph was involved in DNA repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the major pathway for DSB repair is homologous recombination (HR), which is completely dependent on Rad52 (Symington, 2002). Repair of CPT- or MMS-induced DNA damage requires Rad52-dependent HR, and therefore, rad52Δ cells are extremely sensitive to these drugs (Figure S5A; note that rad52Δ cells are sensitive even to very low concentrations of CPT and MMS, at which H4R78A and H4T80A are not). If the DNA damage hypersensitivity of the H4T80A mutant was due to HR-mediated DNA repair defects, then mutation of H4T80A should not enhance rad52Δ phenotype. However, mutation of either H4R78A or H4T80A exacerbates the DNA damage hypersensitivity of rad52Δ cells ( A). Consistent with this, global genetic interaction studies have shown that deletion of CLA4 exacerbates the DNA damage hypersensitivity of most mutants in the HR pathway, including rad52Δ (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010, St Onge et al., 2007). It is therefore unlikely that the DNA damage hypersensitivity caused by the lack of H4T80ph is due to HR-mediated DNA repair defects per se.
Accordingly, we assessed whether H4T80ph was involved in activation of the DDC, a signaling cascade initiated by the recognition of ssDNA by the apical Mec1 kinase and culminating in Mec1-dependent activation of the downstream kinase Rad53 (Branzei and Foiani, 2009). To do so, we analyzed Rad53 phosphorylation levels upon CPT treatment. Both wild-type and H4T80A cells were synchronized in G1 using α factor and then released into S phase in the presence of CPT. H4T80A mutant cells exhibit stronger and prolonged activation of Rad53 compared to wild-type cells ( B), which is associated with a prolonged G2/M cell cycle arrest ( C; note that, unlike wild-type cells, H4T80A cells did not progress to G1 during the course of this analysis). Importantly, none of these phenotypes are detectable in the absence of genotoxic stress (Figures S5B and S5C). Notably, phosphorylation of histone H2A serine 129 (γH2A), which is also substrate of Mec1 (Downs et al., 2000), is not increased but actually decreased in H4T80A mutant cells ( B), suggesting that Rad53 hyperactivation observed in the H4T80A mutant is not caused by increased DNA-damage-induced Mec1 signaling. Mutation of H2AS129A abolishes γH2A and results in DNA damage hypersensitivity (Downs et al., 2000). Therefore, we asked whether defective γH2A might be the origin of the DNA damage hypersensitivity of H4T80A cells. However, mutation of H4T80A exacerbates the DNA damage hypersensitivity of H2AS129A mutant cells ( D), supporting the notion that H4T80A mutant phenotype is not merely caused by defects in H2A phosphorylation.
We next explored whether improper regulation of Rad53 activation could be responsible for H4T80A mutant phenotype. To do so, we used a hypomorphic allele of RAD53 (rad53-R605A) that has been previously shown to lower Rad53 activation levels (Jablonowski et al., 2015, Ohouo et al., 2013). This allele harbors a point mutation in the FHA2 domain, which binds phosphorylated Rad9 to mediate Rad53 activation. Strikingly, the DNA damage hypersensitivity of the H4T80A mutant can be rescued by the hypomorphic allele of RAD53 (rad53-R605A; E), confirming that H4T80A mutant phenotype is due to improper regulation of Rad53 signaling. To determine whether Rad9 is involved in Rad53 hyperactivation observed in H4T80A mutant cells, we analyzed Rad9 phosphorylation levels upon CPT treatment. Interestingly, H4T80A mutant cells show increased levels of Rad9 phosphorylation that persist for longer periods of time compared to wild-type cells ( F). Collectively, these results indicate that H4T80ph plays an important role in regulating Rad9-dependent activation of Rad53 and that its absence leads to a persistent cell cycle arrest that compromises cell viability.
H4T80ph Controls Rtt107 Recruitment to Sites of DNA Damage
Histone post-translational modifications play major roles in recruiting Rad9 to sites of DNA damage, where it specifically binds histone H3 methylated at lysine 79 (H3K79me) via its Tudor domain and γH2A via its BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains (Giannattasio et al., 2005, Hammet et al., 2007). Interestingly, H3K79 and H4T80 are located next to each other in the nucleosome structure ( A), suggesting that H4T80 phosphorylation and/or the recruitment of a specific histone modification reader might regulate Rad9 chromatin binding. In line with this idea, it was recently shown that Rtt107 binds γH2A via its BRCT5/6 domains to outcompete Rad9 and downregulate Rad53 activation (Ohouo et al., 2013). However, the mechanism driving the transition from checkpoint activation (Rad9-γH2A complex) to inactivation (Rtt107-γH2A complex) remained elusive. We therefore explored whether H4T80ph could trigger this switch by regulating timely recruitment of Rtt107. To do so, we analyzed the DSB recruitment of Rtt107 in wild-type and H4T80A mutant cells by ChIP. Consistent with a role of H4T80ph in Rtt107 recruitment, mutation of H4T80A significantly reduces Rtt107 enrichment at the DSB site ( B). Importantly, defective recruitment of Rtt107 in H4T80A mutant cells is not due to impaired DSB induction (Figure S6). Together, these results indicate that H4T80ph promotes Rtt107 recruitment to sites of DNA damage.
Recruitment of Rtt107 to sites of DNA damage correlates with its Mec1-dependent phosphorylation (Balint et al., 2015). In agreement with the hypothesis that H4T80ph is important for Rtt107 recruitment and subsequent Rad53 inactivation, mutation of histone H4T80A impairs DNA-damage-induced Rtt107 phosphorylation and results in Rad53 hyperphosphorylation ( C). We noticed that Rtt107 protein abundance is significantly increased upon CPT treatment and that this increase is milder in H4T80A mutant cells compared to wild-type cells ( C). Interestingly, RTT107 mRNA levels do not significantly change upon CPT treatment and/or H4T80A mutation ( D), indicating that differences in Rtt107 protein abundance are not due to transcriptional changes. In contrast, RNR3 mRNA levels, which are known to be regulated by the DDC, are markedly increased upon CPT treatment, especially in the H4T80A mutant ( D). Collectively, these results suggest that Rtt107 protein may be stabilized when recruited to sites of DNA damage.
To investigate whether Rtt107 directly binds H4T80ph, we performed in vitro peptide pull-down experiments using yeast whole-cell extracts. Rtt107 binds to a peptide spanning histone H4T80 but only when T80 is phosphorylated ( E), further supporting the notion that H4T80ph promotes Rtt107 chromatin recruitment. Because Rtt107 contains multiple BRCT domain pairs, which commonly function as phosphoprotein-binding modules (Leung and Glover, 2011), we then questioned which one was responsible for Rtt107-H4T80ph interaction. It was recently shown by mutational analysis that Rtt107 recruitment to sites of DNA damage is mediated not only by BRCT5/6, which bind γH2A, but also by BRCT3/4, whose binding site remains unknown (Leung et al., 2016). Using Rtt107 point mutants that disrupt either BRCT3/4 or BRCT5/6 (K426M and K887M, respectively; Leung et al., 2016), we observed that Rtt107 BRCT3/4 pair, but not BRCT5/6, is absolutely required to bind H4T80ph in vitro ( E). Taken together, these results support a model in which histone H4T80ph promotes Rtt107 chromatin recruitment via its interaction with BRCT3/4.
H4T80ph Triggers DNA Damage Checkpoint Recovery
Our results support that, after DNA damage, Cla4 phosphorylates H4T80 to promote Rtt107 recruitment and consequent Rad53 inactivation. In this model, the absence of H4T80ph would allow prolonged Rad9 persistence on chromatin driving excessive Rad53 activation, which results in DNA damage hypersensitivity. Because H3K79 lies in close proximity to H4T80 ( A), we hypothesized that H4T80ph-bound Rtt107 could directly counteract Rad9 binding to H3K79me. In line with this hypothesis, deletion of DOT1, the only H3K79 methyltransferase, suppresses the DNA damage hypersensitivity of H4T80A and cla4Δ mutant cells ( A and 6B). Moreover, similar results were obtained by mutating H3K79A (Figures S7A and S7B), highlighting the specific crosstalk between H3K79me and H4T80ph. Together, these results further support the notion that H4T80ph plays an important role in regulating Rad9-dependent activation of Rad53.
Because depletion of H3K79me suppresses the DNA damage hypersensitivity of H4T80A mutant cells, we asked whether it might also restore the DSB recruitment of Rtt107. However, H3K79A H4T80A double-mutant cells show a similar defect in Rtt107 recruitment compared to H4T80A mutant cells ( C), indicating that, even in the absence of H3K79me, H4T80ph is still necessary to properly recruit Rtt107 to sites of DNA damage. Therefore, we next investigated whether depletion of H3K79me suppressed Rad53 hyperactivation observed in H4T80A mutant cells. Upon CPT treatment, H4T80A mutant cells exhibit defective Rtt107 phosphorylation, along with stronger and prolonged phosphorylation of Rad53, compared to wild-type cells ( D). Surprisingly, DOT1 deletion partially rescues defective Rtt107 phosphorylation in H4T80A mutant cells ( D), suggesting that reduced Rad9 binding may favor increased Rtt107 recruitment. However, we did not observe a similar behavior by ChIP, indicating that Rtt107 cannot be stably recruited in the absence of H4T80ph. Most importantly, we found that deletion of DOT1 suppresses Rad53 hyperphosphorylation in H4T80A cells ( D), further suggesting that this phenotype is due to Rad9 persistence on chromatin. Collectively, these results support the notion that, in response to DNA damage, Rtt107 and Rad9 bind to the same nucleosome core region in order to regulate Rad53 activation. It is important to note that Rtt107 protein upregulation upon CPT treatment is transient ( D), suggesting that there is a relatively narrow window of opportunity for it to be recruited to sites of DNA damage. Notably, we observed that H4T80A mutant cells downregulate Rtt107 protein levels despite the fact that Rad53 has not been inactivated yet ( D), critically missing this time window. Therefore, we conclude that H4T80ph is crucial for timely Rtt107-dependent downregulation of Rad53 activity.
Discussion
Reversal of the DDC not only requires efficient repair of DNA lesions but also termination of the checkpoint signaling to allow resumption of the cell cycle. Whereas the molecular mechanisms regulating DDC activation are well characterized, our understanding of how DDC recovery is initiated and controlled is still limited. Chromatin structure regulates all DNA-based processes, including the DNA damage response, and it is well established that histone post-translational modifications, such as H3K79me and γH2A, play major roles in DDC activation (Giannattasio et al., 2005, Hammet et al., 2007). Given the toxicity of persistent DDC activation, it seems therefore surprising that no DDC recovery-dedicated histone post-translational modification had been discovered so far. Our work identifies H4T80ph, a DNA-damage-induced histone modification, as an important regulator of recovery from DNA damage.
H4T80ph is important for cell survival to DNA damage. Its absence causes prolonged Rad9-dependent activation of Rad53 and persistent cell cycle arrest. In particular, we show that H4T80ph is required for Rtt107-dependent inactivation of Rad53. It was proposed that Rtt107 prevents excessive Rad9-dependent Rad53 activation by binding to γH2A (Ohouo et al., 2013). However, in this scenario, both proteins would compete for the same binding site, and therefore, the mechanism triggering the switch between checkpoint activation and recovery would not be apparent. Moreover, it was not clear how H3K79me-bound Rad9 would be outcompeted. Our findings support a model in which DNA-damage-dependent phosphorylation of H4T80 determines timely recruitment of Rtt107, the consequent displacement of Rad9, and the interruption of the checkpoint-signaling cascade, leading to resumption of normal cell growth ( ).
Cla4, the kinase responsible for this histone modification, plays key roles in promoting assembly of the septin ring at the bud neck to regulate polarized growth and cytokinesis (Cvrcková et al., 1995, Versele and Thorner, 2004). Our results demonstrate that it additionally has an important role in regulating the DDC. Interestingly, DDC proteins are known to regulate morphogenetic events during replication stress (Enserink et al., 2006). Our findings therefore highlight a regulatory network where Cla4, which itself seems to be a checkpoint target (Zhou et al., 2016), plays a pivotal role by coordinating cell morphogenesis and reversal of the DDC.
Because reversal of the DDC is crucial for cell survival following DNA damage, similar mechanisms are expected to operate in higher eukaryotes as well. In this regard, different large-scale mass spectrometry studies identified H4T80ph in mammalian cells (Bennetzen et al., 2010, Hornbeck et al., 2015, Lundby et al., 2012, Mertins et al., 2014, Olsen et al., 2010, Parker et al., 2015, Tsai et al., 2015). Unfortunately, the specificity of the H4T80ph antibody toward yeast histone H4 sequence did not allow us to extend our studies to human cells (Figure S7C). Nevertheless, there are six PAK family members in humans (PAK1–6; Zhao and Manser, 2012), where PAK1 seems to be the closest homolog of Cla4, because it is known to be involved in cell morphogenesis and cytokinesis and has already been linked to the DDR (Li et al., 2012, Vadlamudi et al., 2004, Yoshizaki et al., 2004). Interestingly, increased PAK1 expression and activity have been well documented in several human cancers (Radu et al., 2014). It is well known that the DDC acts as a barrier during early tumorigenesis, and that its inactivation fosters tumor progression (Bartkova et al., 2005, Gorgoulis et al., 2005). In line with this, PAK1 was shown to promote melanoma chemoresistance by suppressing DNA-damage-sensing pathways (Ho et al., 2012). Further studies will be therefore necessary to determine whether H4T80ph-dependent downregulation of the DDC plays a role in human cancer biology.
STAR★Methods
Key Resources Table
REAGENT or RESOURCESOURCEIDENTIFIERAntibodiesAnti-H4T80phOrygenThis study; RRID: AB_2313773Anti-H4AbcamRRID:AB_296888Anti-Rad53AbcamRRID:AB_2687603Anti-γH2AAbcamRRID:AB_301630Anti-HAAbcamRRID:AB_307019Anti-FLAGSigmaRRID:AB_262044Bacterial and Virus StrainsBL21 (DE3)New England BiolabsCat. No. C2527IChemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant ProteinsH4T80 peptideGeneCustThis studyH4T80ph peptideGeneCustThis studyH4T30ph peptideGeneCustThis studyH4T96ph peptideGeneCustThis studyBiotinylated H4T80 peptideGeneCustThis studyBiotinylated H4T80ph peptideGeneCustThis studyHuman H4T80 peptideGeneCustThis studyHuman H4T80ph peptideGeneCustThis studySulfolink Coupling ResinThermoFisherCat.No. 20402Protease inhibitorsRocheCat.No. 11697498001Phosphatase inhibitorsRocheCat.No. 04906845001CamptothecinSigmaCat.No.C9911Methyl methanesulfonateSigmaCat.No.129925α-factorGenScriptCat.No.RP01002Sytox GreenInvitrogenCat.No.S7020Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1ThermoFisherCat.No. 65001Calf histonesRocheCat.No. 10223565001DNase IZymo ResearchCat.No E1009-ANEXTflex Poly(A) beadsBioo ScientificNOVA-512981Critical Commercial AssaysFast SYBR Green Master MixThermoFisherCat.No.4385612NEXTflex RNA-seq kitBioo ScientificNOVA-512913Deposited DataRNA-seq dataThis studyhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-7090/Unprocessed imaging dataThis studyhttps://doi.org/10.17632/yjwrsb92fg.1Experimental Models: Organisms/StrainsS. cerevisiae wild type and mutant strains background: W303This studyTable S1OligonucleotidesqPCR 0.2 kb from HOThis studyN/Aup: CCCATCGTCTTGCTCTTGTTlow: ATCCGTCCCGTATAGCCAATqPCR 1 kb from HO up: CAAGGATGCCCTTGTTTTGT low: TTTTGACGGCCAATCTTTTCThis studyN/AqPCR 5 kb from HOThis studyN/Aup: CCAAGGAACTAATGATCTAAGCACAlow: CATGTTGGTACTCTAAATCACCTCCqPCR PRP8This studyN/Aup: GAGTGTGGCTAAATTTCTTAAGAGGlow: TCGAATACTCTCAGGCATCATTTCTqPCR RTT107This studyN/Aup: CTTGCTACTTTGTGTGAGCTTGATlow: TTTGTTTGGATGAAGAGTAAGCTGqPCR RNR3This studyN/Aup: AGGTCGTGGTAAAACAATTAAAGClow: TGTTGGTTTGTCTTCCTGTTACATqPCR ACT1This studyN/Aup: GAAATGCAAACCGCTGCTCAlow: TACCGGCAGATTCCAAACCCRecombinant DNApMR206 (TRP1-HHT2-HHF2)(Tessarz et al., 2014)N/ApMBV80 (GST-CLA4)(Versele and Thorner, 2004)N/ApMBV81 (GST-CLA4K594A)(Versele and Thorner, 2004)N/ApMBS362 (RAD53-R605A::kanMX6)(Ohouo et al., 2013)N/ASoftware and AlgorithmsfastQC(Andrews, 2010)N/Atrim-galore(Krueger, 2012)N/ASTAR universal RNA seq aligner(Dobin et al., 2013)N/AGenomicAlignments package(Lawrence et al., 2013)N/ADESeq2 package(Love et al., 2014)N/AclusterProfiler package(Yu et al., 2012)N/A
Contact for Reagent and Resource Sharing
Further information and requests for resources and reagents should be directed to and will be fulfilled by the Lead Contact, Prof. Tony Kouzarides (t.kouzarides@gurdon.cam.ac.uk).
Experimental Model and Subject Details
All Saccharmoyces cerevisae strains used in this study are derivatives of W303 background. Integrations and deletions were performed using one-step PCR-based methods (Janke et al., 2004). Histone point mutants were shuffled by counter-selection on 5-FOA. Genotypes are listed in Table S1. All strains were routinely grown in YPAD at 30°C.
Method Details
DNA damage sensitivity assay
Yeast strains were cultured overnight to stationary phase. Cultures were then diluted to OD600 = 0.5 in sterile water. 10-fold serial dilutions were prepared and 5 μl volumes were spotted onto the corresponding plates. Images were taken 2-3 days later.
H4T80ph antibody purification
The H4T80ph antibody was produced using a 90-day sheep immunization protocol (Orygen Antibodies Ltd, UK). Unmodified and modified peptides columns were prepared by coupling either H4T80 or H4T80ph peptides to a sulfolink resin. Sera were first incubated with H4T80 column for 1 hour on rotation at room temperature. Supernatant was recovered and incubated with H4T80ph column for 1 hour on rotation at room temperature. H4T80ph column was then washed 6 times with TBS, and antibodies were eluted in 100mM Glycine pH 2.5. Elution was quickly neutralized with ice-cold 1M TrisHCl ph 8.8 solution, and dialyzed overnight in TBS + 10% glycerol.
Yeast histone purification
Yeast strains were cultured overnight to stationary phase. Next day, cells were grown in 1l of YPD for 3-4 generations to OD600 = 1. Cells were then collected, washed with water and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The cell pellet was resuspended in SP buffer (1M Sorbitol; 50mM potassium phosphate pH 6.8, 14mM β-mercaptoethanol) and spheroplasted by zymolyase digestion. Nuclei were then prepared by douncing in Lysis buffer (18% Ficoll-400 [w/v]; 20mM potassium phosphate pH 6.8; 1mM MgCl2; 0.5mM EDTA) supplemented with both protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche). After spinning down in a benchtop centrifuge, supernatant was recovered and nuclei were pelleted by spinning at 20,000 rpm for 30 minutes in a Beckman SW-41 Ti rotor. Nuclei were then resuspended in NP buffer (0.34M sucrose; 20mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4; 50mM KCl; 5mM MgCl2) supplemented with both protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche) and pelleted by spinning at 17,000 rpm for 30 minutes in a Beckman SW-41 Ti rotor. Nuclei were washed three times with Buffer A (10mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0; 0.5% NP-40 [v/v]; 75mM NaCl) supplemented with both protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche). Histones were then extracted in Buffer B (10mM Tris-HCl pH 8; 400mM NaCl; 0.2M H2SO4) for 1 hour on rotation at 4°C and TCA precipitated.
Western blot
Total protein extracts were prepared as previously described (Muzi Falconi et al., 1993). Cells were washed twice with 1 mL of 20% [w/v] TCA and disrupted by vortexing for 4 minutes using acid-washed glass beads. Extracts were then neutralized by adding 1M Tris base and boiled in Laemmli buffer. For Rad53 and Rtt107 phosphorylation analysis, total protein extracts were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in 7% acrylamide gels. Rad9 phosphorylation analysis was performed using NuPAGE Tris-acetate 3 to 8% gels and following the manufacturer’s instructions (ThermoFisher). For H4T80 phosphorylation analysis, purified yeast histones were separated by SDS-PAGE in 17% acrylamide gels. Every experiment was repeated at least two (three in most cases) independent times. Representative blots are shown.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
For the inducible DSB experiments, the corresponding yeast strains were grown in YP medium containing 2% raffinose until they reached OD600 = 0.5. Then, 2% galactose was added to induce expression of the HO endonuclease and 100 mL of yeast cultures per ChIP experiment were collected at the indicated times. Cells were cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, and the reaction was quenched with 125mM glycine. Cells were resuspended in ChIP SDS buffer (1% SDS, 10 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche) and disrupted with glass beads by using a FastPrep instrument (MP Biomedicals). Chromatin was sonicated (Bioruptor Pico, Diagenode; 10 cycles, 30 s on/off) to yield an average DNA fragment of 300-500 base pairs, and diluted 10 times in ChIP IP buffer (0.01% SDS, 1.1%Triton X-100, 167mM NaCl, 1.2mM EDTA, 16.7mM Tris HCl pH 8.0) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche) prior to overnight immunoprecipitation on rotation at 4°C. Next day, 50μl of protein G dynabeads were added, and samples were incubated again on rotation at 4°C for 2 hours. Then, dynabeads were washed twice with the following buffers: TSE 150 (1% Triton X-100, 0.1%SDS, 150 mM NaCl 2 mM EDTA, 20 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0), TSE 500 (1% Triton X-100, 0.1%SDS, 500 mM NaCl 2 mM EDTA, 20 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0) and LiCl buffer (0.25 M LiCl, 1% NP-40, 1% deoxycholate, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0). DNA was eluted at 65°C in elution buffer (100 mM NaHCO3, 1% SDS), and cross-linking was reverted by overnight incubation at 65°C. Samples were treated with 0.5 mg/ml of RNase A at 37°C for 2 h. DNA was purified using the ChIP DNA Clean & Concentrator kit (Zymo Research). Relative DNA amounts were determined by qPCR using Fast SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems). Primer pairs used for amplification are listed in the Key Resources Table. For each strain and/or condition, three independent colonies were grown and processed. The mean values +SEM derived from three biological replicates were plotted using Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
Recombinant protein purification
Plasmids are listed in the Key Resources Table. Expression of either GST-Cla4 or GST-Cla4K594A fusions in BL21 (DE3) cells was induced with 0.2mM IPTG for 4h at 20°C. Cells were then lysed by sonication in PBS + 0.1% [v/v] Tween-20 supplemented with protease inhibitors, and clarified lysate was incubated with glutathione-agarose beads for 1h at 4°C. Immobilized GST fusion proteins were washed extensively with PBS + 0.1% [v/v] Tween 20 and then with PBS. Immobilized GST-Cla4 and GST-Cla4K594A were then used for kinase reactions.
In vitro phosphorylation assays
Kinase reactions were performed for 1h at 30°C in Kinase buffer (50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5; 10mM MgCl2; 1mM DTT; 150mM NaCl; 50mM β-glycerolphosphate; 0.05% [v/v] NP-40; 50mM cold ATP and 0.37MBq (10μCi ϒ32P-ATP), using 35 ng of GST-Cla4 or GST-Cla4K594A enzyme and 1μg calf H4, 4μg calf histone mixture (H2A, H2B, H3, H4), 2μg H4 peptide (residues 70-90) or 3μg of H4T80A peptide (residues 70-90) as substrates. Reactions on histones were separated by SDS-PAGE in 17% acrylamide gels, whereas reactions on peptides were resolved in 17% acrylamide Tricine gels. Gels were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue to visualize proteins and peptides, dried and exposed to film. Bands were quantified using ImageJ software. The mean values +SEM derived from two independent experiments were plotted using Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
Flow cytometry analysis
Cell pellets were resuspended in ice-cold 70% [v/v] ethanol and incubated at 4°C overnight. Cells were then washed with 50mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, and incubated with 0.4mg/ml RNase A at 37°C overnight. After treatment with pepsin for 30 min at 37°C, cells were resuspended in 1μM Sytox Green solution and analyzed using BD FACS Calibur flow cytometer.
RNA library preparation
For each strain, three independent colonies were grown in YPD medium to OD600 = 0.6, and total RNA was prepared by hot-phenol extraction. RNA was subjected to DNase I treatment (catalog number E1009-A; Zymo Research) and poly-A mRNA was purified using poly-T oligo-attached magnetic beads (NEXTflex® Poly(A) Beads, catalog number NOVA-512981) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA quantity and purity were assessed using an Agilent high-sensitivity RNA screen tape system (catalog number 5067-5579; Agilent Technologies) and Qubit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen). 200 ng of polyA were used to prepare libraries with the NEXTflex RNA-seq kit (NOVA-512913, Illumina) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were barcoded and combined at uniform molarity to create a single pool, which was sequenced in a single-end 75-bp run on an Illumina NextSeq machine.
Global differential expression analysis
Quality control of raw fastq reads was conducted using fastQC (Andrews, 2010). Raw reads were trimmed to remove adaptor contamination and poor-quality bases using trim-galore (Krueger, 2012) with parameters “–illumina -q 20–stringency 5 -e 0.1–length 30–trim-n.” Trimmed reads were mapped against the R64-1-1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome using the STAR universal RNA seq aligner (Dobin et al., 2013) with parameters “–outSAMmultNmax 300–outSAMstrandField intronMotif.” All differential gene expression analyses were conducted in R. Gene counts were generated for all samples at the transcript level by using the summarizeOverlaps function in the GenomicAlignments package (Lawrence et al., 2013) using mode “Union.” Gene models for all transcripts were taken from the Ensembl v91 R64-1-1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted for H4T80A mutant samples versus wild-type samples using the DESeq2 package (Love et al., 2014). P values were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction. Significantly differentially expressed genes were identified based on a fold-change of 2-fold or greater (up- or downregulated) and an adjusted p value less than 0.05. Gene ontology analysis was conducted using the clusterProfiler package (Yu et al., 2012).
RT-qPCR
For each strain, three independent colonies were grown in YPD medium to OD600 = 0.4. Cells were arrested in G1 using α-factor, and then released in the presence of 20μM CPT for 45 min. Total RNA was prepared by hot-phenol extraction, and RNA quantity and purity were assessed using a NanoDrop 1000 instrument. 10 μg of total RNA were treated with TURBO DNase (Invitrogen; Catalog number AM2238). RNA was purified using RNA Clean & Concentrator Kit (Zymo; Catalog number R1016), and cDNA was prepared using Superscript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen; Catalog number 18080). Expression levels of individual transcripts were determined by qPCR using Fast SYBR Green Master Mix (Thermo; Catalog number 4385612) and oligonucleotides listed in the Key Resources Table. Relative levels were determined by normalization to the ACT1 mRNA in each sample. The mean values +SEM derived from the three biological replicates were plotted using Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
In vitro peptide pull-downs
Yeast cells were grown to exponential phase and whole cell extracts were prepared using glass beads in binding buffer (20mM HEPES pH 7.9; 150mM NaCl; 1% [v/v] NP-40; 1mM DTT; 20% [v/v] glycerol) supplemented with both protease and phosphatase inhibitors. For peptide immunoprecipitation, 4μg of the corresponding peptide were diluted in 1ml of binding buffer and incubated with 75μl of Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1 for 60 minutes at room temperature. Beads were washed twice with binding buffer. 0.5mg of whole cell extract was then incubated with beads for 3 hours at 4°C and washed 6 times with 300mM NaCl binding buffer. Immunoprecipitated proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE in a 17% acrylamide gel.
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
ImageJ was used for quantification of in vitro kinase assays. Microsoft excel software was used to perform all statistical analyses. Statistical differences were determined by two-tailed Student t test. Significance is denoted as ∗ for p < 0.05.
Acknowledgments
We thank M.S. Kobor, M.B. Smolka, and J. Thorner for providing strains and plasmids; A.J. Bannister and J.V. Forment for critically reading the manuscript; J. Jaffe, M.L. Nielsen, and P. Beli for mass spectrometry analysis; and members of Kouzarides and Jackson laboratories for helpful discussions. The Kouzarides laboratory is supported by Cancer Research UK (grant reference RG72100). The Jackson laboratory is supported by Cancer Research UK (grant reference C6/A18796) and Wellcome Trust (Investigator Award 206388/Z/17/Z). Both laboratories benefit from core support from the Wellcome Trust (Core Grant reference WT203144) and Cancer Research UK (grant reference C6946/A24843). G.M.-Z. was funded by an EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF907-2014).
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, G.M.-Z., H.S.-R., and F.P.; Methodology, G.M.-Z., H.S.-R., and F.P.; Investigation, G.M.-Z., H.S.-R., and F.P.; Software, S.C.R.; Formal Analysis, S.C.R.; Writing – Review & Editing, G.M.-Z., H.S.-R., and F.P.; Supervision, S.P.J. and T.K.; Funding Acquisition, S.P.J. and T.K.
Declaration of Interests
T.K. is a co-founder and shareholder of Abcam Plc and co-founder of Storm Therapeutics Ltd., Cambridge, UK.
Notes
Published: October 25, 2018
Supplemental Information
Document S1. Figures S1–S7 and Table S1:
Click here to view.(6.8M, pdf)
Document S2. Article plus Supplemental Information:
Click here to view.(10M, pdf)
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Mill On The Willow
A History of Mower County, Minnesota
Library of Congress No. 84-062356
Printed by Graphic Publishing C o . , Inc . , Lake Mills, Iowa 50450
ii
PREFACE
The last page of Mill on the Willow is now finished . Very few weeks remain before 1 984 will become "Once
upon a time. "
It was 132 years ago last July 4th when Jacob McQuillan nailed a coffee mill t o a tree in Racine Township.
This marked the first homestead claim in Mower County. There have been thousands of epic happenings in our
county since that date in 1852. In 416 pages we have tried to provide an overall verbal picture of the years. We
are grateful for the many stories and pictures which have been volunteered to make this book possible.
There was a common thread which ran through the histories of churches, schools, farms, businesses and
villages. They were begun with strong faith and then over the succeeding years they endured hardships. Now
present generations look back over the past with gratitude and anticipate the future with confidence. We have a
deep respect for the character of those who began and for those who carry on the heritage of Mower County.
We have leaned heavily on many during the months we developed this history. The A ustin Daily Herald
allowed us to dig into their old files and to reprint the stories we found. Mrs. Harold J. Davison, Vern Judd, the
Mower County Historical Society and others let us borrow many historic photos. Harold Rochford furnished us
much material and assistance. In over four score years Harold has acquired a broad knowledge of Mower
County history and the acquaintanceship of hundreds of individuals . His memory of events was infallible and his
cooperation was invaluable.
Four hundred plus pages seemed a huge obstacle as we compiled our material. Then, during the final
months, the number of pages available became inadequate. Regretfully, there were biographies and stories for
which we could not find space.
The people of Mower County are fond of many sports. To do justice to the county sports history we would
have required another hundred or more pages. We bequeath the opportunity for a history of Mower County
sports to a future historian.
Though we have tried very hard to be accurate, we know there will be errors and omissions. We apologize for
the defects and thank the many people who have cooperated with us so freely.
Mower County has a fine heritage with people of character and a future to anticipate.
Richard Stive1'8
Richard Stivers
Deanne Aherns
Arlene Bonnes
Mike Chaffee
Robert Foss
Eleanor Foss
Mrs. Margaret F . Guckeen
Polly A . Jelinek
Nate Johnson
Kemma Johnson
Committee Meeting
Standing, left to right: Richard Stivers, Margaret Merritt, PoDy
A. Jelinek. Seated: Mike Chaffee, Mrs. Wm. B. Malone.
History Committee
Coordinator
Le Roy Area
Lansing Area
Sales and Distribution
Sales and Distribution
Editorial Assistant
County Government
Austin Schools
Editor
Railroads
III
Ella Marie Lausen
Monica Lonergan
Mrs. Wm . B . Malone
Margaret Merritt
Carroll Plager
Jane Roden
Richard Terry
Adrian Tinderholt
Bonny Williams
Nathan Johnson
Century Farms
Rural Churches al!d
Cemeteries
Rural Schools
Austin Businesses
Agriculture
Editorial Assistant
Sales and Distribution
Business Manager
Brownsdale Area
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Mower County / Austin History-Section I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mower County Fair-Genealogical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Milwaukee Railroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
American Red Cross, Mower County Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . 49
Country Life (Agriculture related organizations and sUbjects) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Mower County Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Mower County/Austin History-Section II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
City Government, Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Education in Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Austin Daily Herald-Austin Utilities-Park Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Churches in Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Music in Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Austin-Mower County Public Library-Ladies Floral Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Businesses and Professions in Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Industry - George A . Hormel & Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Clubs and Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Mower County / Austin History-Section III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
National Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
The Townships-(History of the 20 townships , their cities and villages,
churches, schools and Century Farms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Index . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
iv
Mower County / Austin History - Section I
This first section is the story of Mower County and Austin in the early years . In another part of this book a section on
Townships will include the histories of towns and villages . Much of the specialized history on farms will be in the Agriculture
section. Therefore, this section covers the stories and photos which are of general interest to all readers.
Many times the newspaper editors of the early days wrote in a direct and comfortable style. It might be called journalism
with the shoes off. We have adopted this style with the hope that reading it will be like a trip back to the old homeplace.
Section I covers a period of years into the 1 870's . This provides the background for the remainder of the story. The
focus of our history is on the period beginning in 191 1 . For this reason there is a lapse between the 1870's and 191 1 .
A thousand pages would not furnish a complete history of Mower County. We know that when this volume is finished
we will have omitted more than we have inserted. This leaves an opportunity for the next individual or group to add to
the chronicle.
Previous historians have been lavish in their praise of this county and the people in it. We, who have written these
pages have developed a new respect for the thousands of people who have made Mower County a good place to live. '
E. N. J.
OUR LAND HAD A WILD BEAUTY
It would be difficult to improve on the description of
the area which we call Mower County, as given in the
1 9 1 1 Mower County History.
"The buffalo, the elk and the deer, for centuries
roamed the wild prairies and woodlands. Fishes basked
in its rippling streams ; the muskrat, the otter and the
mink gamboled upon the ice in winter. Ducks, geese and
other aquatic fowls, in countless numbers, covered the
streams in summer. The prairie wolves howled upon
their hillocks. Cowardlike, they were always ready to
attack and destroy the weak and defenseless . Pocket
gophers went on their interminable underground operations.
Grouse and prairie chickens cackled, crowed and
strutted in all their pride. "
"Blizzards and cyclones swept unheeded across its
domains. The autumnal prairie fires, in all their terrible
grandeur and weird beauty, lighted the heavens by night
and clouded the sun by day. Age after age added richness
to the soil and prepared it to be one of the most productive
fields of the world. "
Those Who Claimed-and Those Who Possessed
There were nations which claimed the area which
embraces Mower County from the time of Christopher
Columbus . Yet the actual use and possession of this
region was by various tribes of Indians .
On May 4 1493, Spain made a papal grant, making
indefinite claims to lands north and northwest of her
settlements in Mexico, Florida and the West Indies.
With the arrival of the English, Mower County was included
in their claim to the lands west of their Atlantic
coast settlements. Likewise, France claimed this region
as a part of the lands south, west and southwest of their
Canadian settlements.
The first definite claim to this territory was made by
LaSalle at the mouth of the Mississippi on March 8,
1682, in the name of the king of France. Even more
definite was the French claim made by Perrot near the
site of Trempealeau, Wisconsin, on May 8, 1689.
In 1 763 France turned her authority over to Spain.
October 1, 1 800, Spain ceded the tract to France. France
did not take formal possession until November 30, 1803.
Previously, on April 30, 1803, the United States had purchased
this territory from Napoleon in the Louisiana
Purchase. The transfer from France was completed on
December 20, 1 803.
In succeeding years this region was part of Indiana, a
part of the Louisiana territory, part of Missouri territory
and then June 1834, to April 1836, it was a maverick,
assigned to no territory but under jurisdiction of Congress.
From 1836 until June 12, 1838, Mower County was a
part of Michigan territory, then a part of Wisconsin
territory. The territory of Iowa next claimed jurisdiction
until December 28, 1846, ;nd was included in the first
proposal of the boundatii':'> ',;.hen Iowa applied for statehood.
Again, from December 1846, until March 3 , 1849,
Mower County was a land without an official proprietor.
The Minnesota territory was established in March,
1849, and finally on May 1 1 , 1858, Minnesota became a
state. Mower County now had formal recognition and a
permanent legal status.
Indians Leave Their Hunting Grounds
The area in Southern Minnesota which included
Mower County was familiar ground to all the Sioux
Indians living along the Mississippi River. Their annual
hunting parties visited the region.
Many battles were fought here. The Sacs and the
Foxes were not far away, and the Chippewas occasionally
braved the wrath of their enemies and came here for
game.
The first negotiations with the whites was in 1 824. A
delegation of Sioux and Chippewas went to Washington
to see the "Great White Father," President James
Monroe.
The decisive treaties were the Traverse des Sioux, July
22, 185 1 , and the Treaty of Mendota, amended and
signed by President Fillmore on February 24, 1853.
Under the Mendota treaty the tribes received
$1 ,410,000, which included funds for the settling of
debts, educational funds, and funds for opening farms
and for goods and provisions. The balance of $ 1 , 160,000
was to remain in trust with the United States at 5 %
interest. This provided for an annuity paid annually for a
SO year period beginning July 1 , 1 852.
The removal of the Indians in the lower counties began
in 1853. The Indians went up in detachments to one of
the reserves, usually the Redwood Reserve. Some returned
to their old hunting grounds in southern Minnesota,
only visiting their reservation at the time of
annuity payments.
EARL Y HISTORY OF MOWER COUNTY
As far as can be determined the first history of Mower
County was published in 1876. It was titled "Early
History Of Mower County. " This book gives a listing of
many "first events" in the county. One event they missed
was that of Jacob McQuillan as first settler. However, it
gives a concise picture of these earliest days. Excerpts
from this early history follow.
In the fall of 1852 the first claims in the county were
taken by some hunters and trappers from Iowa, along
the Cedar River, near where Austin now stands, but they
left during the winter.
The first permanent settlers in the county were Hunter
Clark, Austin Nichols, Chauncey Leverich, John Tiff, A .
B . Vaughan, Woodbury, George Squires , Moses Niles
and others in 1853 ; R. B. Foster, L. Ebbin, Mary and
Orlando Wilder, Robert Dobbins, S. P. Bacon, John
Robinson, Lewis Patchin and many others in 1854.
The first settlements were made on the Cedar, Upper
Iowa and Root rivers. In the year 1855 a tide of immigration
set in, and the population of the county began to
assume proportions of some magnitude. The prairies
became dotted in every direction with claim shanties .
Claimants often joined in building a home, locating it
where the corner of their lands joined. In this manner
one building would answer and hold four claims, as the
law required that a building be on each.
The first house built in the county was a log cabin built
by Hunter Clark in the fall of 1853, near the bank of the
Cedar River and north of the cemetery.
In the fall of 1 853 Austin Nichols took a claim and
built a log house on the east bank of the river, near where
Engle Mill once stood. The next year he improved the
water power and built a saw mill. This he sold with his
claim to Chauncey Leverich. For a long time Austin was
known as Leverich's Mill. His was the first house within
the limits of the city of Austin and the first mill in
the county.
In 1854 Robert Dobbins took a claim and built a log
house where the brewery now stands, and broke some
land. This was the first land broken in the city of Austin.
The first deed recorded in the office of Register of
Deeds is from Alexander Nigus to B. J. Brown dated
March 14, 1856, conveying 31/2, NP14, Section 21 , Town
102 Range 18: consideration $125.
The first bill allowed by the County Commissioners
was to Lewis Patchin for four days services as Commis-
2
sioner on the Rochester and Iowa State line Territorial
road, amount $ 19.00.
The first Territorial road laid in the county was from
Winona to Austin, striking the county at Frankfort and
terminating at Austin. This is the road which furnishes a
crossing over the railroad track south of the depot, and
intersects Bridge St. (2nd Ave. N . E.) at its terminus on
the west side of the track in the city of Austin. The road
was laid in 1856.
The first death in the county was Mary Robinson, aged
two years, in 1855. The first marriage was Caleb Stock to
Miss Watkins. The second that of David Aultfather to
Miss Phelps, both in 1 856.
The first four births in the county were Mary E. Patchin,
daughter of Lewis Patchin, March 13, 1855; Annette
Powers , daughter of Calvin Powers, Sept. 22, 1 855;
Colbert H. Lott, son of Abe Lott, Oct. 10, 1855; Austin
Bemis, son of Geo. H. Bemis, Dec. 17, 1855.
The first school in the county was taught by Miss
Maria Vaughan, in the town of Austin, in 1855.
The first person murdered was Chauncey Leverich, in
1856. He was attacked by two men, Silvers and Oliver, in
his own saloon. He ordered them out. They went, and
dared him to come out. Just as he stepped out of the door
Silvers struck him over the head with a steel wagon
spring, from the effects of which he died.
The first church in the county was built at Frankford.
The first service preached was by Rev. Mr. Holbrook, of
Iowa Conference, M. E. Church, at the house of Samuel
Clayton, one mile north of Austin, in the winter of
1854-55.
Cedar Valley U Diversity
May 23, 1 857, the Territorial Legislature passed an act
incorporating the Cedar Valley University, to be established
at Austin. A. B . Vaughan, J. F. Cook, V. P .
Lewis, R . L. Kimball and sixteen others were the incorporators.
This institution has not gotten under way yet.
Also, the same date, an act to incorporate the LeRoy
Academy, to be established at LeRoy, in the County of
Mower, was passed. The incorporators were N. P. Todd,
Wm. Caswell, Wentworth Hayes, S. P. Bacon, W. B .
Spencer and George Peck Jr. What became of this institution,
whose object was to "promote the elevation of the
youth," we know not.
Early Mills
The first mill was of the primitive kind made and used
by the Indians . It was located on the west side of the
Cedar River, about twenty rods above Engle & Co. 's
mill. A white oak stump was hollowed out in the shape of
a mortar, and with a wooden pestle the grain was
pounded fine. The first steam mill was built by Asa
Marsh and J. Bougard in 1 857.
Loyalty and Patriotism
The loyalty and patriotism of Mower County has never
for one moment been doubted. Ever since its first settlement
the people have not forgotten the noble example of
their ancestry, and have never failed to observe the Anniversary
of the National Independence. The first celebration
of our National holiday in this county was held at
Austin, July 4th, 1857. Ormanzo Allen delivered the
address . From this time until the present, each return of
the day has been observed in some appropriate manner.
July 4th, 1 859, D. B. Johnson Jr. , was the orator of the
day and David Blakely (now ofthe St. Paul Pioneer Press
and Tribune) was the reader. I am told he became so
strongly enthused with the spirit of 1 776, that he read the
Constitution of the United States instead of the Declaration
of Independence, without discovering his mistake
until the next day, when informed by some of his comrades.
When the dark clouds of civil war passed over our land
in 1 86 1 , and the first call for troops came, Mower County
very nobly and cheerfully responded. At that time the
county was very sparsely settled by men of moderate incomes,
who were just commencing to build and secure
themselves homes in this new country. As evidence of
their patriotism it is only necessary to refer to the official
records, showing a credit of 401 soldiers to Mower
County, which offered a bounty of fifty dollars, afterwards
increasing it to one hundred dollars, to all volunteers
who had or should enter the service, also an additional
hundred dollars to all veterans enlisting.
The noble women of Mower County were true and
loyal. As a token of their love and fidelity to this noble
cause, they presented the first company of volunteers a
beautiful silk flag, which afterwards waved over many a
hard fought battlefield, from Lookout Mountain,
through Georgia to the sea. The remembrance of this
"dear old flag" will ever live embalmed in the memories
of the few who yet remain of the first company of volunteers
from Mower County, and will be treasured up as a
relic, to descend to their children who come after them.
Its faded folds, now bullet pierced, are carefully preserved
by Lieutenant George Baird.
MOWER COUNTY NAMED FOR JOHN EDWARD MOWER
John E. Mower
The second Minnesota territorial Governor Willis A .
Gorman signed the act organizing Mower County on
March 1 , 1 856. At the same time the county was named
in honor of John E. Mower, a member of that territorial
legislature.
Mower was born in New Vineyard, Maine, in 1815. He
was of English heritage. The family left Maine and
settled in St. Louis, Missouri. He married Gratia A .
Remick there.
In 1843 he and his brother, Martin, acquired a large
tract of forest land at St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, establishing
themselves in the lumber business.
In 1845 Mower moved to Stillwater, taking his family
down the river on a raft of lumber, which was to build
their home. It was the second frame building in that
town.
The Mower brothers built a large house at Arcola in
1847. This house, of Greek architecture, has been accepted
in the National Register of Historic Places.
John Mower was elected to the fifth and sixth Territorial
Councils, and again in 1875, was a member of the
Minnesota State Legislature. He was a Democrat
running in a largely Republican territory.
John Mower died June 1 1 , 1 879, and is buried in Fairview
Cemetery, Stillwater, Minn.
R esearched by Mildred Malone
ORIGIN OF THE NAME MOWER
The following is given in the book of English Surnames
by Mark Anthony Lower.
"In the life of Hereward the Saxon, who flourished
3
about 1070, an opponent of William I in England, one of
the last of his race who withstood the Norman conquests,
are found several names as Laefrick the Mower, from his
having overcome 20 with a scythe etc. It would appear
that the earliest Mower ancestry were of the old Saxon
race. "
From the book "Mower Family History "
by W. L. Mower
ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARY LINES
Mower County was included in the original limits of
Wabasha County (then spelled Wabashaw) , which was
one of nine counties created by the first territorial legislature
in 1849.
Governor Alexander Ramsey, the first territorial governor,
divided the Minnesota territory into three judicial
districts. Mower County, then unpopulated, was included
in the third judicial district. Court for this district
was held at Mendota, with Judge David Cooper on the
bench.
Wabashaw County comprised practically all of the
southern part of Minnesota. Its northern boundary was
the parallel running through the mouth of the St. Croix
and the mouth of the Yellow Medicine rivers. Its
southern boundary was the Iowa line, its eastern the
Mississippi and its western the Missouri River.
In 1851 the territory was divided into 9 counties.
Wabashaw County then had a western border just west of
Austin, approximately where the Mower County border
is today. The county to the west was Dakota. This west
border line was defined as "a line running from Medicine
Bottle's village at Pine Bend, due south to the Iowa line."
The exact line was impossible to verify as Medicine
Bottle tepees were differently located at various times,
always, however, being within a few rods of the bend in
the river.
Rice County was created in 1853 and included the
present Mower County and also a part of the present
Rice County, a portion of Waseca County, most of Freeborn
County and Steele County, about a third of Dodge
County and small portions of Fillmore and Goodhue
Counties.
February 20, 1856, the legislature created Mower
County together with 10 others . March 1 , 1856, Governor
Gorman, "agreeable to the act ofthe legislature, and
upon representations made to him that Mower County
was sufficiently populated to warrant its being duly furnished
with county government, organized the county,
and appointed a temporary board of county commissioners,
consisting of George White, Philip Howell and
William Russel!. "
These commissioners met April 7, 1 856, in the village
of Frankford, and presumably located the county seat
temporarily in that place. The only officers appointed
were Register of Deeds and clerk of the board of commissioners,
Timothy M. Chapman; treasurer, Lewis
Patchin; judge of probate, C. J. Felch; surveyer, Moses
Armstrong and sheriff, G. W. Sherman.
1 9 1 1 Mower County History
STORY OF THE FIRST WHITE SETTLER
4
"Come along, come along, make no delay.
Come from every nation, come from every way.
Our lands are broad enough, so do not be alarmed;
For Uncle Sam is rich enough to buy us all a farm . "
The McQuillan party sang this song as their ox-drawn
wagons rumbled along the single wagon trail as they
headed into Minnesota territory. It was the 4th of July,
1852.
Jacob McQuillan Sr. was 60 years old . His party included
his wife, Maria, nine of their younger children, a
grown son Jacob Jr. and their eldest daughter together
with her husband, Adam Zadyger.
The family had been a long time on the trail from their
former home in Delta, Ohio. The previous night had
been spent beside a spring at a site which would later
become the town of Spring Valley. There had been one
settler at that place, a bachelor who lived in a crude
cabin beside the spring.
The land in Minnesota territory was not yet officially
open for settlement. The Indians had signed a treaty in
1 85 1 , but the U . S . Congress had not yet approved it. The
official survey would be made in 1853.
Traveling westerly through the prairie grass, the
McQuillans came to a valley with a beautiful spring of
good water and groves of trees. Mrs. McQuillan made
the decision, "We will go no further. " They were on a
site just across the line from Fillmore into Mower
County. It was in the area of the future village of Hamilton.
Before he unhitched his oxen, Jacob McQuillan Sr.
nailed their coffee mill to a tree. It was their symbol of
"squatters rights" to land, the first claim by a white
settler in Mower County. When surveyed the homestead
was at Section 1 , Township 103, Range 14, Racine
Township .
The details o f that day were given i n a 1 935 letter from
Franklin P . McQuillan to a nephew in 1 935. He said,
"We prepared camp for the night, and Father was going
to get some firewood from an oak that seemed to be
partly decayed at the bottom. When he struck it with his
axe a piece came out and it proved to be a bee tree. From
that time on we had plenty of honey. "
"The coffee mill, which was all iron, had a hopper
which would hold one large teacup of unground coffee.
Later we had it fastened to the window casing in the
kitchen. When grinding, you had to hold a cup or bowl
under the mill to catch the coffee. I was only three years
old at that time."
The continuing story of the McQuillan experience in
Hamilton is given in "A Letter To My Daughters, " the
story of Lucinda McQuillan Eppard as prepared by May
Benson in 1978. Lucinda was a daughter of Jacob
McQuillan Sr. , and was 10 years old at the time the
family arrived by the spring in Hamilton.
"The McQuillan clan set to work immediately to build
poplar log shelters on their claim. They then began to
break the rich, dark loam , which was 12 to 40 inches
deep. With their simple implements and oxen the
plowing was not easy.
" Lucinda's father and brothers hunted the abundant
game, fowl and elk. She learned the necessary skills of
pioneer women: spinning wool, knitting socks and caps,
sewing woolsey-linsey shirts, dressing and curig old
game, gathering and preserving fruits, nuts and berries.
Jacob and Marla McQuillan
5
The first spring they found maple groves where the
family tapped the syrup.
"The land was surveyed and the McQuillans moved
across the line into Fillmore County in 1854. Two parcels
of land totaling 600 acres were 'proved up' by Jacob Sr.
and Jacob Jr. in Sumner Township.
"Unfortunately, two months after the younger
McQuillan claim was filed, the same land was listed to a
Daniel T. Booth . This later entry provides verification of
the land dispute between the McQuillans and Booth. At
one time friends of each prepared to meet in an armed
confrontation, until a scout from the McQuillans found
out the Booth forces outnumbered them. "
"The continuing land disputes over the years are said
to have ruined both the old man and his son, and in the
end Booth kept possession. "
We conclude the McQuillan story with excerpts from a
paper titled "Local History-Hamilton Village":
"McQuillan Sr. , 'Old Pap' as the newcomers called
him, was a wonderful singer and quite religious in his
way. When the Methodist Church was established he
took a prominent part in the music."
" During their stay on the farm a great misfortune
occurred. Their youngest daughter, a girl about 14 years
of age, suddenly disappeared. No trace of her was ever
found. This may seem strange, but local government was
poorly organized. Hunters, adventurers and the Indians
were on the constant move along Bear Creek. They were
not hostile to the settlers; only a constant annoyance with
their begging and stealing. She may have been stolen by
the Indians. Her brother, Franklin, later spent considerable
time going back to Ohio to see if any trace could
be found, but without any result. "
"Old Pap went back t o Ohio on a visit when h e was 75.
While he was there he was crushed to death by some
barrels of syrup. Mrs. McQuillan went to live with her
son in Aitkin, Minn. "
After Jacob McQuillan Jr. lost out in the lawsuit over
his land, he made application for the position of postmaster.
The source of mail and supplies was from
Decorah, Iowa. The post office was called Elkhorn,
because he had an elk head over the door of his cabin .
Later he sold out to Mr. Corey, who took in travelers . He
charged 40 cents per night for a room and two meals.
Lucinda McQuillan Eppard
Daughter of Jacob and Marla
The late Ed Plantikow of Austin was a grandson of
Lucinda McQuillan Eppard . Two of his children, Margaret
Plantikow Bjork and John Plantikow are Austin
citizens. They are great-great-grandchildren of Mower
County's first settlers, Jacob and Maria McQuillan.
VILLAGE OF HAMILTON, ITS THIEVES AND VIGILANTES
This village was situated in the southwestern part of
Sumner Township, Fillmore County. It lies on the north
bank of the middle branch of Root River. Adjoining the
town are the "Hamilton springs" that continues boiling
up, fresh , clear and sparkling water at the rate of 1 , 500
gallons per minute.
In location it can truthfully be said the village of Hamilton
was a success, and the non-arrival of the hoped for
railroad alone blasted its prospects.
The first house erected was put up in 1 853 by Adam
Zadygar. In 1855 Daniel Booth, from the New England
states, arrived and had the village of Hamilton platted
and recorded.
Immediate steps were taken to secure a post office,
and in 1856 an office was established under the name of
"Elkhorn. " Jacob McQuillan Jr. was appointed to
handle the mail.
Hamilton, in the year 1856, was metropolitan as far as
a gang of organized thieves were concerned. They were
bound together by an oath that they would support,
stand by, and defend each other. They would steal anything
that could be carried off but made horses a
specialty.
The gang was made up almost entirely of home talent.
It was with the utmost difficulty that the honest members
of the community ridded themselves of the pests . They
organized what was termed a "vigilance committee. "
Upon one occasion this last mentioned association
turned out, and after collecting the population of the
village together, made the announcement that, as they
had received sufficient evidence, they were now prepared
to "lynch" those who had committed the depredations.
At this, one hundred shooting irons were brought into
view. Imagine their surprise when a number of the most
influential citizens broke from among the crowd and
made for the woods as fast as boots and hair standing on
end would take them.
This matter involved not only Hamilton and the town
of Sumner, but also this entire portion of the county.
Fillmore County History
THE DRAGOONS CAME FIRST
Even before Austin Nichols there were expeditions
recorded into and thru the Austin area. The first was in
1835 when a detachment of United States Dragoons
marched from Fort Des Moines through Mower County
and on to Wabashaw's village. These were U . S . soldiers
assigned to guard the frontier. On their return trip they
camped on the banks of the Cedar River, near the
present site of Austin.
In the winter of 1836-37 a group of military from Fort
Snelling were on a hunting expedition. They camped in
the area which was years later known as Horace Austin
State Park. This was a 55 acre tract located across the
river and west of Hormels, at the south end of Main St.
The hunting party from Fort Snelling included Dr.
John Emerson, the post surgeon. His negro slave was
Dred Scott. It is interesting to note that 20 years later, a
Supreme Court decision regarding Scott's status as a
slave was one of the factors leading to the United States
Civil War.
February. 1912-A ustin Daily Herald-Freeborn County
has a miserable case before it. A lot of hoodlums took
the law into their own hands and tarred and feathered a
man some months ago. There is no excuse for tar and
feathering in Southern Minnesota. no matter how great
6
In the winter of 184 1 a large hunting expedition centered
around this same area. The leader was H. H .
Sibley, of the American Fur Co. Later Sibley was to
become Minnesota's first governor when statehood was
achieved.
Sibley had with him a large number of Indians. Their
objective was to get skins for the American Fur Co. The
Indians built a stockade, the first structure to be erected
in Mower County. Their hunt was successful. At the
season's end they had more than 2,000 deer, 50 elk, 50
bear, five panthers and some buffalo hides.
In addition to Austin Nichols, another white settler
came to this area in 1853. "Hunter" Clark staked a claim
and built a log house on a piece of land which is within
the present boundaries of Oakwood Cemetery. William
Baudler arrived before Austin was platted, and he lived
in the cabin with Clark. Later Baudler acquired the farm
south of the cemetery. Several of Baudler's descendants
continue to live in Austin.
the provocation. The arm of the law is long and powerful
and criminals get their just dues. It's generally the lawless
element that adopts the lawless method of visiting
punishment upon offenders.
NOW AND THEN A PANTHER
Step back in time 131 years so that you can have a different
look at this land which we now call Austin. The
following is the story of a 14-year-old boy who hunted on
this site in 1 853. His name was S. D. Mead.
"The first white man to come to Austin was Austin
Nichols, who came as a hunter in 1 852. He built a cabin
near the mouth of the Dobbin creek and hunted until
cold weather came on. He then returned to his home in
Clayton County, Iowa. "
"In the fall of 1853 he came back, and I came with
him. I was then 14 years old. "
"That winter w e took nine buffalo skins and many
deer, mink, otter and beaver. What I killed, Nichols gave
to me. When I reached home I sold them for $190 in
gold. "
" I got one elk near where the C . M . & St. Paul depot
now stands. It measured nine feet from tip to tip."
"I have never again hunted in a place where game was
so plentiful, and where such a great variety was to be
found. At that time we could go out and kill a deer in an
hour any time of the morning or evening. Prairie
chickens were plentiful. Geese and ducks could be found
any place in the river. Now and then a panther was to be
found. Prairie wolves were everywhere . "
In 1 855 Mead and his father moved t o Austin with
four other families, Robert Autis, Lynn Gifford, Wilson
King and Widow Lockwood. His story continues .
"0. W . Shaw's residence stands o n the east side o f the
first 20 acres of land ever broken in Austin. "
" A little south of where the packing house now stands
there was a maple sugar camp where Indians made
sugar. The Sioux Indians had their village on the bank in
front of the O . W. Shaw residence, a little to the south. "
(In 1 984 that would be approximately where children
slide on sleds in winter, near the lagoon. )
I n the winter o f 1 855 and '56 there were 200 Sioux who
wintered in the bottom lands back of the Gibson Hotel.
There was heavy timber there then. The whites and
Indians were always friendly. "
There was a Mr. Solner who ventured into this land
about the same time. His description follows.
"The Indians were here in large numbers. A camp of
the Winnebagos was not far from Six Mile Grove, while
the Sioux were near Deer Creek. As each camp numbered
four or five hundred Indians, it looked as if there
might be trouble. Afterwards we learned that this was
neutral ground."
"We saw one buffalo in the section known as the Towhead,
and a herd of two or three hundred elk and deer. "
The above narratives were taken from a column of
"Reminiscences" which ran in the Austin Daily Herald
in a half dozen chapters during 1908.
SETTLERS LOSE PERSONAL PROPERTY IN 1854 FLOOD
In 1 854 a few settlers came from Wisconsin. John
Robinson settled at High Forest; A. B . Vaughan at
Lansing; and a Norwegian, whose name is not remembered,
at Brownsdale.
John Robinson had built a cabin. Into this building,
not larger than 12 x 14 feet, four families moved and
lived with him until they could build houses for themselves.
Thus far, everything had moved along without accident
or incident worthy of note. In July of this year there
was a heavy rainstorm. Root River, swollen by the rain,
overflowed its banks and deluged the surrounding
country. It came about three o'clock in the morning, so
suddenly that the settlers had barely time to save their
lives. They did so by wading through the water, in many
places up to their waists, and carrying their children to
dry land.
They lost nearly all their household goods, which at
that time, were almost impossible to replace. At the end
of a few days the settlers, who had been living in a cellar,
returned to their desolated cabins.
As an evidence of the suddenness of the storm, it may
be in taste to remark that C. F. Johnson, afterwards
proprietor of the Johnson House, did not have time to
secure his pantaloons. They were borne away by the
turbulent flood, the only pair he possessed at the time.
Illustrated Historical A tlas.
State of Minnesota. 1874
IMMIGRANTS INCREASE IN 1855
In 1855 the popUlation of Mower County began to
assume proportions of magnitude. During this year the
immigrants poured in so rapidly from other states that by
the beginning of the next year the county contained
about 500 inhabitants . At the end of 1956 there were
600.
7
With this great influx of settlers, towns became necessary.
Austin, High Forest, Frankford, LeRoy, Hamilton
and Brownsdale sprang into existence in rapid succession.
Many of the lots were sold before the towns were
platted, thus laying the vendors liable to a fine of $25.00.
THE CITY ON A HANDSOME PLAIN
"Austin is on a handsome plain, gradually rising from
the Cedar River. In the center it is quite elevated, affording
fine views and excellent drainage. Numerous fine
groves checker the near and distant landscape, but
timber for fuel is not plentiful."
The quotation above comes from a paper bound
"Early History of Mower County, Minnesota," by R. N .
Paden. I t was compiled by authority of the Board of
County Commissioners, and printed in 1876, the Centennial
year of the U . S . The paragraphs which follow
have been taken from Paden's history.
"The original claim on which the city of Austin is
located belonged to Austin Nichols, after which the town
is named. He took the claim in 1853, and in 1854 sold it
to Chauncey Leverich, who entered the land September
14th, 1855."
"At the time these plats were recorded there were
thirteen houses in Austin. The location of the county seat
at this place gave it a decided advantage over other towns
in the county, and since that time it has had a steady
growth . The population at the present time is 3,000."
"The city is well supplied with hotels, there being at
least five others besides the one at the depot."
"The Cedar River furnishes good water power within
the city limits, on which the first mill of a primitive kind,
was made and used by the Indians. It was located on the
west side of the Cedar about twenty rods above Engle &
Co. 's mill. A white oak stump was hollowed out in the
shape of a mortar, and with a wooden pestle the grain
was pounded fine."
" In November, 1858, they started up a water mill for
grinding corn, and attempted to grind wheat but made
rather poor flour. The first wheat ground was for Mr.
Rose, of Rose Creek. At that time there was no other mill
nearer than thirty miles. "
" A . B . Vaughan built the first store in June, 1855, and
was the first merchant. Yates & Lewis were the second
merchants. The first building erected for a hotel was in
1855, built by C. Leverich on the present site of the
Grand Central Hotel. In 1856 the hotel was purchased by
Solomon Snow and Geo. E. Wilbour. It was afterwards
known as the "Snow House. "
"The first public school was in the winter of 1855-56,
in a log house on Water Street (4th Ave.), taught by a
Mr. Sweton. The first sermon was preached in the old
Leverich house, October 26, 1 856, by the Rev. Stephen
Cook.
CHAUNCEY'S PLACE
The Queen City Flour MIlls was an original location of Chauncey
Leverich's sawmUl, 70S 4th Ave. N.E., Austin
Austin Nich9ls sold his land claim to Chauncey Leverich
in 1 854. For a year or two the emerging settlement
was known as Chauncey's Place or the Leverich Mill.
Chauncey Leverich was the founder of Austin. He was
a young man, under 30 years of age, tall and powerfully
built. He came from Vinton, Iowa, with his young wife,
Hannah.
With a sharp eye to business, he pre-empted 160 acres
upon which he selected a site for a sawmill. By early 1855
he had completed the mill at a place which would now be
8
at 70S-4th Ave. N . E. The vacant site adjoins the dam
on the Cedar River. This land was later to become the
location of the Campbell Flour Mill. The Hormel Co.
also owned the property at a later date. In the 1960s
Clifford Greenman operated his heating and refrigeration
business there. Now the site of Chauncey Leverich's
mill is owned by HUD.
Austin was laid out in the fall of 1855 by Leverich ,
A. B . Vaughan and G. W. Mason. They also platted it
the next spring, but did not immediately take the plat to
be recorded
A Race To the County Seat
In 18561. B . Yates solicited the help of County Supervisor
M. K. Armstrong in a secretive plan. Armstrong
told this story in his personal history of Mower County. It
was retold in the 1956 Centennial edition of the Austin
Daily Herald.
"Mr. Yates called on me at High Forest, on the 14th of
April and wished me to proceed with him speedily and
secretly the next day to Austin. By arriving in the night
he could lay out his property to enable him to get his plat
on record first, as the only village of Austin. "
"We started next morning o n horseback. The distance
was 30 miles, untraveled and uninhabited. The rain had
been falling almost incessantly for the last week, and it
continued to storm heavily throughout the day. We
reached the Cedar River at nightfall, as wet and hungry
as wolves. "
" Here we stopped and I packed my papers and instruments
in my carpet bag to prevent them from being seen
and to give the appearance of a traveler. Yates secreted
the tripod in an old hollow tree to avoid carrying it into
town. We swam the river and went into the village."
"That night I examined the ground in order to make a
plat for them to take and record in case of emergency.
Yates recrossed the bridge and brought the tripod into
town unseen. "
"The next morning, when w e were seen staking out
lots nearly half a mile from the town, the old proprietors
'Smelt a rat.' Vaughan and Mason started on foot, with
their plat for the county seat of Frankford. They had
been gone two hours before Yates and Lewis saw the mischief,
whereupon they immediately started on horseback
with their plat."
"Yates and Lewis arrived at Frankford 20 minutes in
advance of their fellow racers. Judge Felch was sent for
three miles distant, to come and take acknowledgement
of the plats. When he got in town, Vaughan and Mason
had arrived. They slipped their plat into his hands first.
He, however, considered himself employed by the other
party first, and accordingly did so."
Hence the Yates and Lewis map was filed for record as
Austin First, at 7 o'clock p.m. The other as Austin
Second at 7 o'clock and 30 minutes.
Tragedy Stril{es
Chauncey Leverich had erected the first frame
dwelling in Austin. The dwelling was also used commercially.
There is a question whether it was the hotel,
saloon, grocery store or a combination of the three. The
location is known. The building was on the southeast
corner of the intersection of 2nd Ave. N.E. and 1st St.
N .E. This was formerly the corner of East Bridge St. and
Chatham Sts . Most recently the Austin Hotel was on the
site.
It is ironic that the man who initiated Austin was also
the victim of the county's first murder. There are three
versions of how this happened. We will give the one most
frequently told.
According to M. K. Armstrong, Leverich had just
opened a saloon and was entertaining friends. Two
townsmen, Horace Silv.er and William Oliver, too boisterous. Leverich put them outside, whereupon
they began pounding the side of the building. As Leverich
stepped outside, one of the men struck him in the
forehead with a heavy object and he fell to the ground,
his skull fractured. This happened in August, 1856.
Leverich lived for a few days. Silver and Oliver had
time to plead guilty to assault and battery. They were
fined $20 and $10 respectively. They then left town
before Leverich died. They escaped the murder charge.
Leverich was buried on the south side of his building.
Later his body was moved to Oakwood Cemetery. The
place he was buried was unmarked. In the Centennial
year, 1 956, a trace of records located the site. A marble
slab was placed with the following inscription,
"Chauncey Leverich." " Here I Will Pitch My TentHere
I Will Found A City." Another plate reads,
"Austin, Minnesota Centennial, July 4, 1 956." Just
below this inscription, in smaller lettering, "Open Time
Capsule In March, 2056."
Chauncey Leverich's tumultuous two year career in
Austin had a positive impact. The settlement he started
has become the city he may have visioned.
Chauncey leverich now Des In Lot #170, Oakwood Cemetery, Austin
ABOUT STAGECOACHES, CORNMEAL AND APPLESAUCE
The July sun shone brightly on a cluster of frame
houses and business places. A rustic trail came into the
town from the east and then swerved north through the
center ofthe little village of Austin, Mower County, Minnesota.
Jim Ackley was hacking down the weeds and
9
brush on the trail which the villagers called Main Street.
L. N. Griffith, the new postmaster, was urging Ackley to
hurry. The stage coach was due.
Griffith's little frame post office had just been completed.
Jonas Haney was busy installing boxes for individuals.
A newly posted sign announced that the box
rental would be ten cents for three months . Complaints
had been heard about the high cost. Cash money was not
easy to come by in 1857.
Finally there was the sound of wheels and hooves as
the stagecoach came down the Territorial road. (2nd
Ave. N . E . , formerly East Bridge St.) The stage driver,
N. M. Wilder, carried the mail pouch into the post
office. Griffith unlocked the pouch, took out the Austin
mail, stuffed in the outgoing mail and relocked the
pouch. It was ready for Wilder when he would pull out
toward the north. (The old Territorial road went on 1 st
Drive N . W . , previously called Lansing Ave.)
Meanwhile the stage coach passengers had a story to
tell. Early that morning the trail had passed through a
swampy area. Unable to get through with his burden of
passengers, Wilder had requested the tired travelers to
walk. After a one mile hike they had been able to climb
back aboard.
Was this the Snow House?
It was an early Austin hotel
(Ven! Judd Photo Collectioll)
The dusty and travel worn stage riders headed for
Austin's one hotel. The Snow House was operated by
Solomon Snow and George Wilbour, who claimed that it
was a "first class hotel. "
Four lodging rooms held the normal register of guests.
When pressed by an increase in guests the " school section"
was opened. This would accommodate a number
willing to occupy the eleven beds with hay filled mattresses.
A total of forty could be taken care of in the Snow
House.
The breakfast bill of fare was pork, biscuits and dried
applesauce. For dinner there was fried pork, biscuits and
applesauce and supper was more of the same. Occasionally
they had beef, which qualified their "first class"
status.
Waiting For the Wagon
The people of Austin were awaiting another arrival on
that July day. Aloysius_ Brown, the storekeeper, was
expected back soon. Two days before he had left for the
mill at Chatfield to renew his supply of cornmeal and
flour. Supplies in the village were running low. It was
10
(Vern Judd Photo Collection)
These Austin CItizens may have been waiting for a supply wagon
past midday when Brown's ox drawn wagon moved into
sight.
Brown was assured of payment for the supplies he
would bring back. On deposit in the store were a number
of sacks. Each sack had the name of a resident, the
amount of meal or flour needed and gold coins to cover
payment. Sometimes the requests exceeded the supply
received. Then Brown would distribute as judiciously as
possible.
Brown was respected as an honest man by his customers.
The first services ofthe Catholic Church were held in
his home.
There was a regular supply of beef for the little town.
W. A. Woodson took care ofthis need from his farm two
miles out of Austin. He brought in dressed beef and
drove from house to house to make his sales. Steak was
selling for 25ft per lb .
(Ven! Judd Photo Collectioll)
Headquarters building Is on left above
Austin citizens took a special pride in a new two-story
frame building. Located about 50 yards south of Brown's
store, this unpainted structure had an important status
in the community. It was called " Headquarters. " Most
of the social and official functions of the village took
place here.
The town's first concert was to be held at Headquarters
the next Sunday. Lyman Sherwood and his brother
were to sing, accompanied by John Hallot. Already the
Congregational and Methodist churches were holding
Sunday meetings at the new building. The Baptists were
also making plans to meet there.
There was a rumor that a man named Blakely wanted
to have space at Headquarters to start a newspaper. The
lower floor of the new building was not yet in use, but
George Hayes was considering establishing a mercantile
business there.
Austin Grew Rapidly
After just two years Austin had over 100 citizens. Two
doctors had come in 1856. Dr. Olenzer Allen was the
first and was also the first druggist. Dr. J. N . Wheat
came shortly thereafter. Life for a pioneer doctor required
a rugged routine in keeping with the lifestyle of
these early day Mower County inhabitants.
At dusk of this summer's day we look back down the
streets of the little town. Mrs. Sarah Bemis is closing her
millinery shop, as is George Mitchell at his new furniture
store. A clanging can still be heard at Winfield Loveland's
blacksmith shop.
The kerosene lamps are lit. Thanks to Aloysious
Brown there will be fresh bread on the tables of Austin
village tonight.
(Names and many pertinent details were takenfrom
the Mower County Histories of 1 884 and 1 9 1 1 .
E. N. J. )
DOCTOR RECALLS WINTER OF 1856
The romance of pioneer life is probably often overstated.
The following account, given by one of Austin's
first doctors gives a realistic picture of early pioneer life.
The doctor's reminiscence was given at a Centennial
event held on Washington's birthday, Feb. 22, 1 876.
" Dr. J . N . Wheat responded by telling a little of his
own experience in the winter of 1 856. The snow was four
feet deep on the level and drifted badly in places. The
snow was so crusted that a man could walk upon it
without difficulty, only breaking through occasionally.
" He was called professionally to attend a patient in the
Vanderwalker neighborhood, a settlement some 4 or 5
miles northwest of Austin. Here he found 23 persons:
men, women and children, inhabiting one log house,
14 x 16 feet, without floor or windows, unless the two
small lights of glass framed in the logs might be called
such. With stools for chairs and a box-like manger filled
with dried prairie grass for bed, and without bread or
vegetables for food.
" Here were three persons dangerously sick. In order to
give them proper attention he found it necessary to make
the journey every other day on foot, often breaking
through the snow crust and sinking to the body. He was
in great discouragement.
"Sometimes, though starting from home early in the
morning, he would not reach his destination until near
noon. Then he would dine with the family on slapjacks
and molasses, the doctor being company and expected to
partake.
" It is but justice to the doctor's perseverance, if not to
his skill, to say that the patients recovered. The inmates
of the log house swarmed the next spring as soon as the
snow melted and houses could be built. They found
homes in about the same neighborhood."
SHOWDOWN AT PATCHEN'S INN
Forty mounted men rode into Frankford on a Monday
afternoon in mid-January, 1857. Though tired frQm two
days of travel, they were grim faced and determined.
Armed with an assortment of revolvers, knives and rifles,
they rode past the cemetery, a log schoolhouse and up to
the log structure which was Lewis Patchen's hotel.
Facing them were an equally grim group of armed
citizens of Frankford. The forty from Austin had arrived
to attempt the rescue oftheir sheriff, and a homesteader,
named Bemis.
How had this confrontation of settlers in Mower
County developed? Ever since, and even before the
organization of the county, there had been a division of
two county factions. On the east was Frankford. Thirty
miles to " -,e west was the Austin area, the other population
center. The struggle for political control of the
county had stirred the wrath of the two sides. The immediate
bone of contention now was the location of the
county seat.
The following paragraphs tell the events leading up to
the showdown.
1 1
Geographic Division Caused Political Split
Mower County, in the territory of Minnesota, was very
young in January, 1857. Just four and a half years earlier
the first county settler, Jacob McQuillan, had established
a land claim by nailing a coffee mill to an oak tree
a half dozen miles north of Frankford. In 1854, Lewis
Patchen had been the first settler in Frankford.
In the west of Mower County a frontiersman named
Austin Nichols had established a claim in late 1 853 or
early 1 854. Later in 1 854 this claim was purchased by
Chauncey Leverich. Austin was laid out in 1 855 but was
not platted until the spring of 1856.
During the years of 1 855 and 1856 settlers were rapidly
establishing their claims in the Frankford area and the
Austin area. Between the two were miles of prairie.
The geographic division became a political split in
1855 at the time of the first Minnesota legislative election.
The candidate for the Republicans was A. B .
Vaughan, the first Austin storekeeper and postmaster.
His opponent was W. B. Covell, a Democrat and Frankford's
first lawyer.
First Legislator-Vaughan Won Polls, Covell Won
Certification
In October, 1 855, the polls for the Mower County
legislature were located in High Forest. A board with its
ends on two barrel heads was placed, under an oak tree.
This was the judge's desk. Ninety-seven votes were polled
and Vaughan received a majority. However, Covell
quickly went to Houston, received a certificate of election,
and reported in at the legislature. Vaughan reported
in too late. Covell was qualified as the first legislator
from Mower County. These events may well have
been the first major reason for the dispute between the
east side and the west side of Mower County. All of the
political assignments went to the east side. Frankford
was designated as the county seat. No doubt this was a
new irritant to the people around Austin.
West Side Won 1856 Election
On October 14, 1856, the west side of Mower County
proved their numerical superiority. The Peoples Party
represented the west side and the Union Party chose candidates
from the east side. Out of 374 votes cast the
Peoples Party had a majority of forty-six votes. Only the
position of surveyor went to the east side.
There is little doubt that at this time the west side
rejoiced in their newfound political strength. The new
commissioners were George Bemis, the Austin homesteader;
William Spencer, LeRoy and Horace B.
Blodgett. There was pressure on the commissioners to
move the county seat. They were aware that this could
not be done legally without a countywide election.
Blodgett found a technicality to circumvent the law. His
resolution said in effect that the April 7, 1856, county
board proceedings had not properly recorded their action
to situate the county seat in Frankford. He, therefore,
proposed that the county seat should be located in
Austin until otherwise provided by law. Bemis and Blodgett
voted for this resolution and Spencer was opposed.
This action was taken on Monday, January 7, 1857.
The Plot Thickens
The removal of records is based on an old letter written
by Mrs. Charles Lamb, Frankford. " Not in the still of
the night, but at noonday when the officers were taking
their dinner and smoking their pipes in quietude, they
came, stealing noiselessly into their vacant rooms and
silently marched away with what comprised our county
seat. "
The action which followed reads like the plot for an
early day silent movie. Jesse Yates, A. B. Vaughan and
George Bemis were the villains. All were newly elected
officials. Yates was yet to be sworn in as sheriff and
Vaughan was to be probate judge. Bemis had already
acted in the capacity of chairman of the county board.
These were the three who took the little tin box and the
book of county board proceedings. They climbed in a
sleigh and headed for Austin. That night they stayed at
the Tattersoll House, in High Forest. Bemis kept the
record book under his coat and Yates gave the little tin
box to the landlord, Mr. Tattersoll, for safekeeping.
The history book record of the chase reads as follows:
12
Tin Box Was Elusive
"In a short time Sheriff Sherman arrived with a posse
from Frankford. Yates, Vaughan, Bemis and the landlord,
Tattersoll, were arrested for grand larceny. He then
posted guards around the hotel and went to obtain a
search warrant, as the landlord would not give up the tin
box. "
"While the sheriff was gone, Yates made a bargain
with a W. Sykes to remove the tin box from the hotel.
The reward to Sykes was to be $20, with $5 down.
"The evening was cold and Yates soon induced the
guards to come in to take a drink, and they became quite
convivial, and supposed as long as they watched the
persons under arrest, that their duty would be performed."
To make a long story short, Yates soon walked out of
the hotel, eluded the guards who followed, and got the
tin box from Sykes. After hiding the box outside, he gave
a diagram of the location to John Patterson and C. C.
Hatchett. The tin box was carried back to Austin and
hidden in the R. L. Kimball hardware store. Frankford
officers arrived in Austin with a search warrant, but the
tin box was secure in the basement under a few bushels
of potatoes.
The next morning Yates and Bemis evaded detection
long enough to hide the county's record book in the snow.
The spot was marked "by a certain process more effectual
than elegant. " The book remained there a short
time and was taken back to Frankford and carried by
Mr. Bemis during the time of his arrest, closely guarded
beneath his coat and vest.
Arrest of Yates and Bemis Angers Austin
It was not until the following Saturday that the Austin
citizens heard of the arrest of Yates and Bemis. It was
then that the forty armed men lit out for Frankford,
arriving on Monday, January 14. People from the east
side rushed into Frankford prepared for war. For a long
time a collision was feared and a guard was placed over
the prisoners at night.
At one point during the legal proceedings an offer was
made by the west side to return the tin box and record
book if Yates and Bemis would be released. The east side
refused.
Peace Prevails
Yates and Bemis were bound over to appear at the
next term of the Fillmore County Court. They were
released on the payment of a $3,000 bond.
The location of the county seat at Austin was decided
by a vote of the people on June 1 , 1857. Yates and Bemis
made their appearance at the next session of the Fillmore
County Court, where the case was dismissed.
In that June election the citizens of Frankford voted
for Brownsdale as county seat in one final attempt to displace
Austin.
Was the loss of the county seat eventually responsible
for Frankford becoming a ghost town? All we know is
what is recorded. By 1870 Austin had a population of
2,040. Frankford's population increased to a maximum
of about 300.
In September, 1867, the first railroad engine to
operate in Mower County reached Austin from
Owatonna. Shortly the two were connected.
The coming of the railroad had a great impact on the
small towns of Mower County. Many of those towns
which had railroad connections grew. Some of the towns
without the railroad declined . Rail lines never came to
Frankford. The final question remains. If Frankford had
continued as a county seat, would its population have
increased to a level which would have insured a rail line?
There is no answer.
9TH REGIMENT VOLUNTEERS ENTERTAINED
Those of the Mower County volunteers who are in the
9th Regiment have been spending a few days with their
friends before going South. They left yesterday for
Winona where they will take the boats for Dixie.
On Saturday a sumptuous supper was gotten up for
them at the Lacy House, which was furnished them free
of charge by the citizens of this part of the county. After
the supper the boys repaired to the new building of Mr.
Lewis' and there tripped the fantastic toe until near
Sunday morning.
Just before leaving a barrel of apples was rolled out to
them and they departed in good spirits, all well satisfied
with the treatment they had received from the good citizens
of Austin and vicinity.
Minnesota Courier. O ctober 7. 1 863
The Mower County R egister began publication in
Austin on July 2, 1863. The Minnesota Courier and the
Register competed for subscribers in Mower County for
six months. Then the Courier published its last issue on
January 6, 1864.
RIDERS ON THE STAGECOACH HAD
ROUGH GOING
A glimpse of travel condition in 1 863 is captured in the
following item from the October 29th issue of the Mower
Coun ty Register. The editor is commenting on a Preston
Republican article which had given a glorified description
13
Mower County Soldiers of Civil
War era-Their Identity Is unknown
( Vern Judd Photo Collection)
of the stagecoach to LaCrosse, Wisconsin.
"Mr. Republican: Do you know what kind of a line the
'Western Line' is? It is simply an imposition, and the
persons who stick up posters of the 'splendid lines of
stages west to Austin' ought to be booted. There is no
stage from Preston west to Austin. It is true that Mr.
Phillips runs one horse hitched to an old rickity buggy
that is hardly strong enough to carry the driver and mail.
"The western connection is most miserable, and calls
loudly for reform. A good line of stages would pay, but
they will not pay under such management as this which
Phillips has had. Austin people are tired of this imposition
and wish a change . "
BOUNTY AND VOLUNTEERS
We are in favor of the legislature granting a $ 100
bounty to every person who may volunteer for the war
from now on. Mower County has given about 325 to the
army, more than one third of the voters of the county,
and is now draining ourselves of our able bodied population.
In all probability we shall be entirely exempt from the
draft by the first ofJanuary. We have no large towns, nor
rich citizens. Mower County is true to her country, and
will make up her quotas by volunteering if sufficient
bounty is offered. There are counties in the state which
have not furnished half their quota.
Mower County R egister. October. 1 863
LANSING SOLDIER WRITES OF CIVIL WAR BATTLE
The tragedy of the Civil War reached into the lives of
Mower County citizens. The following is an excerpt from
a letter written by Platt Dutcher to his father, Silas
Dutcher of Lansing. The soldier gives details following
the battIe of Williamsburg. It was published in the
Minnesota Courier on May 28, 1862.
"I visited the battlefield this morning, and what a
sight. They have been burying the dead for two days, and
have not yet buried all. I saw seven dead rebels behind
one log, lying just as they had fallen. No one knows yet
how many were killed on either side as they are not all
gathered in yet. They are scattered all through the
woods, and dead horses lay thick around them.
"Our battery was taken and retaken two or three
times. They charged upon our battery, coming on the
run and yelling at the top of their voices. The Fifth North
Carolina Regiment was at the head.
"The Fifth Wisconsin Regiment was deployed as skirmishers
in front. When the Fifth fell back on the reserve,
they thought they had us certain. But we came up in line
and poured into them when only 10 rods from us. Their
colonel at their head fell, after which all that were able to
turn back went a little faster than they came up. I had a
fair view, and they fell like grass before the scythe.
"We took a great many prisoners. They are hard looking
fellows. No uniforms at all . "
LAND PRICES RISE I N 1 861
Mr. S now of this place sold 40 acres of land, near
town, on Monday last for $12.50 per acre. The same land
was purchased a few weeks ago for about half this sum.
We hear of several others who have bought farms in
the county within the past week or 10 days. From present
indications Mower County will receive her share of the
immigrants that are now pouring into our state.
Minnesota Courier, July, 1 0, 1 861
NEGRO FUGITIVES
On Friday last we learn that two negroes, fugitives
from Missouri, passed through town on their way to
Canada. They were mounted on horses, which they took
from their masters to assist them on their journey.
Those who saw them say they were fine looking
fellows, and worth in Missouri, from eight to twelve
hundred dollars each.
Minnesota Courier. September 4. 1861
PRIVATE BOUNTY
Editor of the Courier, Sir:
I will give to every Volunteer that may join any Company
now forming in this county from Pleasant Valley,
Grand Meadow, Racine, Frankfort and LeRoy, a bounty
oftwo dollars for single men, and to every married man,
five bushels of wheat for the use of his family. Volunteering
to be from this date to the 31st inst.
Please publish and send me 20 papers.
Respectfully, B . F. Langworthy
Minnesota Courier. A ugust 13, 1 862
TO THE GIRLS
In our advertising columns of today will be found an
advertisement from a couple of soldiers soliciting correspondence.
Now is your time, girls, on your nerve, and
our word for it, you will win.
"Wanted-Correspondence. Attention Girls. Pity two
of 'Old Rosies Boys' who have served 25 months faithfully
and cheerfully for Father Abraham, and whose
1 4
trembling hands have penned these few lines for the
purpose of winning a correspondence with an unlimited
number of the fair sex.
Photos exchanged if desired. Thomas Honey, Stephen
Haines, 2nd Minnesota Volunteers, 3rd Brigade, 3rd
Division, 14th A.C. , Nashville, Tennessee . "
Minnesota Courier, A ugust 1 9. 1 863
AUSTIN'S BIG FIRE-MARCH 3, 1869
(Harold J. Davison Photo CollectiorZ>
Austin's Main Street rebullt after 1869 fire
lst National Bank on right across Courthouse Square
It was the night that Main Street burned. A northwest
wind had brought subzero temperatures, and most of
Austin's citizens were asleep. At 1 1 :00 P.M. one person
came down Main Street, glanced in the window of Case
and Shepley's Store, saw flames and raised the cry of
"fire . " From house to house the call was relayed, and
men, women and the older children rushed out to battle
the flames.
Most of the people carried buckets and a few had tubs.
A line was formed and the bucket brigade went into
action. The water came from partially filled basements of
business buildings. Seepage of water into these cellars
had formed natural cisterns.
It was soon apparent that the fire in the Case and
Shepley Store was out of hand. The strong wind was
steadily increasing the danger to all of Austin. One band
of workers tore down the building belonging to J. F.
Atherton, and this prevented the spread of flames in a
westerly direction.
The fire swept into the brick building on the corner of
Main and Bridge Streets, which had just been purchased
for the First National Bank. The danger to East Bridge
Street (2nd Avenue N . E.) increased. To save buildings
on the street it was necessary to tear down the frame
building which was occupied by Friedrich and Sammans
Meat Market.
The heat on the west side of Main Street was so intense
that it scorched the fronts of buildings from J. Levy's
Store to Headquarters. G. Schleuder and Woodward &
Dorr began to move goods from their buildings, but the
danger passed and the west side of Main Street sustained
no further damage.
Finally the disastrous fire of March 3, 1869 was
brought under control. Years later, Tom Dugan, the
chief of the volunteers , said, "Everything was destroyed
in the path of the fire except Bill Simpson's Saloon, and I
don't suppose we should have saved that." C. N . Beiseeker
added, "The water froze in the tubs as we emptied
the buckets. "
I n the wake of the fire the town surveyed its damage.
Three two-story brick buildings and two frame buildings
were destroyed. The $50,000 loss was only partly insured.
Injuries were relatively minor. George Bishop had one of
his hands frozen. Alex Fleck had one of his toes frostbitten
and Major Van Valkenburgh jammed one of his
big toes in his hurry to help somebody move a heavy box.
F ACTS ABOUT AUSTIN AND VICINITY
1870
( Vern Judd Photo Collection)
Austin school building bullt In 1865
This was the first permanent school, later sold to the Methodist
Church
15
(Harold 1. Davison Photo Collection)
Threestory school bullt In 1870
This building later burned. It was located between lst Ave. N. W
and 2nd Ave. N.W., on the site of the present Austin High School
bulldlng.
Reprintedfrom Nov. 24. I 870-Mower County R egister
"First-Austin had an actual population, a few
months since, of 2,040 as returned by the census taker.
We would be safe, we think, in claiming 2, 100.
" Second-With the exception of ourselves, (and one
or two others) the people are a mighty good kind of
people. Mostly of American descent with a sprinkling of
an excellent class of Norwegians and Germans. There are
six churches in town,and eight church organizations.
The Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Episcopals,
Lutherans and Catholics each have quite good
church edifices in which to worship. The Methodists and
Universalists intend to erect handsome buildings next
spring. The Baptist, Methodist and Congregational
churches probably take the lead in point of membership.
"Third-Our schools are ofthe best, and liberal wages
are paid to our teachers. An elegant schoolhouse is just
about completed, at a cost to the town of about $40,000.
"Fourth-Improved farms within a mile of town are
worth about $50 to $100 per acre. Unimproved land near
town is very high, and but little for sale. Village lots of
course vary in price according to location. Residence lots
are worth from $100 to $300 each; business lots from
$500 to $ 1 , 500 each.
( Vern lucid Photo Collection)
First Courthouse cost 56,450
This buDding, built In 1868, Is now occupied by Hastings Shoe
Repair on the original site, the N.W. comer of Main Street at lst
Avenue.
"Fifth-Building lumber is quite reasonable in
price-good commonly being worth $20 per thousand
feet. Mechanic's labor is worth from $2 to $3 per day-the
latter figure being freely paid in the fall of the year.
"Sixth-We consider Austin as healthy a town as there
is in the southern part of the state. Dry wood is worth $5 a
cord; green can be bought at from $3.50 to $4. Coal will
soon be furnished us in abundance at from $5 to $6 per
ton, which will, undoubtedly, be by far the cheapest fuel
we can use.
" Seventh-The prospects of a glorious future for
Austin, are as brilliant as that of any other Minnesota
inland town that we know of. She already has two railroads
viz: The Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the Iowa
Central.
"The country about, in a circumference of twenty or
thirty miles, depends upon Austin as its trading point.
The town has doubled in popUlation during the last two
years, which we think it is very likely to do again in the
next two. Enterprising, energetic, go-a-head men from
the East, are invited to call upon us, and see how they
like us. We will welcome heartily any number of them. "
(Harold J. Davison Photo Collection)
D. B. Smith was first Mayor
Smith Is the gentleman In the foreground
THERE WERE 2S PIANOS IN MOWER COUNTY IN 1870
J. W. McClug, St. Paul, prepared a statistical review
of the counties in Minnesota in 1 870. His inventory tells
an interesting story about Mower County.
He says that there were 2,351 horses, 6 , 341 cattle, 42
mules, 2,709 sheep, 1 ,427 hogs, 220 carriages, 165
watches, 25 pianos, 30 church organizations with 10 or
12 church buildings . The Methodist and Baptist were the
most numerous.
At that time 384,631 acres assessed at a value of $3.53
per acre. In 1867 there had been 24, 247 acres of wheat
which produced 181 ,494 bushels. There was 3,016 acres
reserved for schools.
1 6
When the people were counted h e found 3,216 in 1860,
5 , 1 50 in 1 865 and over 10,000 in 1 869. At that time the
majority were Americans, but there were also over 1 , 500
Norwegians, over 600 Irish and over 400 Germans.
In the previous national election Mower County voted
1 . 239 for Grant and 469 for Seymour.
Comparison of Land Areas-1870 With 1984
McClung said that Mower County had 460,000 acres
in 1870. About one-fifth of this acreage was timber and
oak openings, four-fifths was high, rolling prairies,
abounding in springs and streams of living water, but no
lakes.
In 1 984, Carroll Plager, Austin, prepared a somewhat
similar analysis. Now Mower County is known to have
708 square miles, which breaks down to 453 , 120 acres.
Of that total 10,000 acres are occupied by municipalities,
15,000 by roads and streets, 380,000 is cropland and
some 50,000 acres for wooded areas and unimproved
land.
COUNTY BASEBALL HAD HEAVY HITTERS-1871
I
A match game between the State Line Club of LeRoy and
the Austin Baseball Club was played on the common in
Austin, on Monday afternoon last. It was an exciting
contest, and some good playing was made. The Austin
club won by a score of 49 to 36 . A fuller report of the
game is crowded out. Each ofthese clubs have now won a
match game over the other. A third game is to be played
in a few weeks.
A ustin Register. July 13. 1871
PIONEER FARM LIFE-1874
The following items tell something of the difficulties
encountered by the farmers in the early days. They are
reprinted from issues of the A ugust. 1874, A ustin Register.
"About one year ago a financial panic was in order,
and things looked pretty blue. If another horse disease,
financial panic or something else doesn't turn up before
long, people in this section will be pretty well fixed.
"One of the trials and tribulations of the pioneer
farmer came under our observation one day last week. A
farmer residing 1 5 miles from Austin, started with a load
of hay drawn by one yoke of oxen. He came to market his
hay in this city.
" After getting along pretty well on his road, in turning
out for another team, the hayrack struck a burr oak,
breaking the reach of his wagon. The hay had to be
unloaded in order to repair the broken reach. Then it
was again pitched on and the farmer proceeded on his
journey.
" He reached Austin some time after dark, where he
offered his load for sale. With a painful scarcity of
buyers, he finally sold his load for four dollars, two in
cash and two in trade.
" Upon driving to the barn to unload, the farmer found
that he had lest his pitchfork. Here was another dilemma
not anticipated and one that might disgust any man. Not
a whimper of complaint issued from the lips of this
pioneer farmer. If this is not Christian forbearance we
are no judge of the article. "
NOTES FROM "MIDDLEMAN,"
THE LYLE CORRESPONDENT
"After careful examination we think the small grain
will yield better this season than many anticipated a few
weeks ago. Grain has matured well under the circumstances,
and come to reaping, we find that it stands
thicker on the ground than expected.
"We were surprised to see so many Sabbath breakers
yesterday. We counted five machines at work within an
area of three miles. We think if those gentlemen have no
respect for themselves, they ought to have for their
neigh bors. "
RATTLESNAKES NEAR LYLE-1874
" While binding oats on Thursday last, we were all at
once induced to get around a little livelier than usual by
the sight of a rattlesnake, which was crawling out from
between my feet. I had just raked up the bundle, put the
band under it, bound it and threw it aside, when I was
astonished at the sight of the miserable reptile. I at once
took revenge by setting my heel over his head . "
" We served another likewise the same afternoon. The
third one made his disappearance by way of it hole. The
January, 1 912-A ustin Daily Herald- "/ grow tired. "
said a good active helpful woman of A ustin, "hearing
about hard times and the high cos!. of living. Just try to
17
following Saturday afternoon we put five more out of
existence. How is that for one-half day in the harvest
field?
Mr. Comstock says he likes Minnesota pretty well, but
would like it much better if the tormented rattlesnakes
would only keep out of sight. He never saw one until he
came here last week, and he doesn't wish to see another.
Of course they are quite annoying to strangers. "
get someone to do some work for you, or put them in the
way of earning some money and you will find how dfficult
it is and how little interest is taken. "
MOWER COUNTY FARMS IMPROVED- GOOD HARVEST EXPECTED-1874
"There have been more improvements made in this
vicinity this summer than during the past five years.
More land changed hands, more broke up, and a greater
number of houses built and repaired. Go where you may
and you will see acres upon acres of land newly turned
over, new fences built etc. It is safe to say that Mower
County is improving fast. "
"Barley i s about all stacked and a portion of it
threshed . Everybody now is busy at work cutting their
wheat and oats. Another week hence, fine weather will
see the greater portion of small grain in the shock.
"Everything seems to go smoothly. The beautiful
weather, who could even wish it more favorable, it being
so cool and mild . Although at the beginning of harvest it
was severely hot. The mercury stood at 108 degrees in the
shade on the 25th of July.
"Help is plenty. Notwithstanding the crowds of people
that come from the grasshopper country, and also from
Wisconsin, they command their regular $3 per day. We
think if our brother Grangers would take this matter into
consideration they might reduce harvest wages to its
actual value. Farmers can't afford to raise wheat at 75
cents and pay such enormous prices for help.
"If they would agree on one price reasonable for both
parties, say about $2.00, which they would pay, and no
more, they would get just as much help as they do now."
WOLVES AND SNAKES IN BROWNSDALE
J. M . Weiser was the Brownsdale correspondent to the
Austin Register. The following two items were in the
issue of June 3, 1875:
"On Saturday night this village was regaled with the
fiercest wolf music it has ever been our fortune to hear.
Some ofthe howlers passed through Main Street and the
row which they raised amongst themselves and the town
dogs was fearful to hear."
"On Sunday W. T. Setzer and N . R. Pal meter captured
seven young ones on the prairie near Waltham.
The demand for them as pets or curiosities is likely to
prove as remunerative to the captors as though there was
a bounty on their scalps.
"Mrs. Amos Colby, last Sunday morning, while in the
cellar picking up potatoes for breakfast, brought her hand
unwittingly too near a massasauga, who took her by the
hand savagely and then tried to bite her a second time.
His length was about ten inches with no rattles . An
outside application of tobacco, and internal use of
alcohol counteracted the effects of the poison.
"Mr. Reuben Rollings, living half a mile from the
Colbys, had one of his cattle bitten about the same time,
which we learn has since died ."
The above items were reprinted in the A us tin Daily
Herald in June, 1975. Within a few days a letter was
received from Mrs. Harry Skov, Dexter, with a sequel to
the item about Mrs. Colby. Her letter follows:
"Mrs. Amos Colby was my grandmother. My mother
was Grace Colby Tanner. I well remember my mother
telling about that snake bite and how my grandma
screamed . Grandpa ran down into the cellar, saw what
had happened and killed the snake. He sent my Uncle
George who was a small lad then, for help. No telephones
then.
"There was a small bottle of whiskey kept for just such
things, but the chew of tobacco was furnished by a neighbor.
"Another time grandma had just taken a large pan of
cornbread from the oven. She heard sounds and looked
up to see three Indians by the window. Quickly she put
her two small daughters under the dining room table,
telling them to be very very quiet. She then returned to the
kitchen, cut three pieces of cornbread and handed each
Indian a piece. After they had eaten the pieces one
patted his stomach and pointed at the rest of the cornbread.
Grandma quickly handed it to him and they left,
making a sign of friendship.
"There were many trying times in those days also. "
BAD ROADS
Pathmakers in every direction are at work on the highways.
For the present such highways are a terror to frail
vehicles . If our road workers would not heap the dirt so
high, and make their roads so narrow, they would have
better roads.
"As most of the roads are constructed there is a
narrow track in the center with sides so steep that a
wagon driven outside of the track is in danger of up-
1 8
setting. The consequence is deep ruts and mudholes do
there abound . If the same amout of dirt were piled half
as high and twice as wide, allowing some escape from a
single track, the hole would be packed hard and
smooth and ample drainage effected. "
J. M. Weiser. Brownsdale correspondent to
the A us tin Register. 1875
DISCOVERY OF COAL IN MOWER COUNTY-187S
"A few days ago, in digging a well in the eastern part
of the town of Pleasant Valley, Section 13, at a depth of
30 feet, a vein of coal five feet in thickness was struck
under a heavy bed of clay. The coal, it is said, resembles
the soft coal of Iowa, and burns clear and bright. "
"The place of discovery i s o n the ridge running north
and south through the eastern part of Pleasant Valley. It
is about half a mile east of E. R. Campbell's place.
Should this coal vein prove to be extensive, it will be one
of the best things that has turned up in this part of the
state for the development of Southern Minnesota.
"With all of the money now sent abroad for coal kept ..
at home and distributed among our people, a new
impetus would be given to all kinds of business. "
BASEBALL IN LEROY-1876
" Saturday, June 3, will long be remembered by lovers
of baseball in LeRoy. The occasion being a match game
of baseball between the Champions of LeRoy and the
Mourners of Osage."
"The Mourners came preceded by intelligence that
they intended to play a couple of imported players. Our
boys have had similar experience, heretofore, and lost no
laurels by it. They came on the field confident in their
ability to sustain the name they have chosen. And well
they did, snatching victory from almost certain defeat.
"At the end of eight innings it was 8 for the
Champions and 1 1 for Mourners. It was here where our
Austin's First Band
(Vern Judd Photo Collection)
1 9
boys showed their indomitable pluck. They went to bat
determined to die game, if die they must. The result was
four earned runs, leaving them one ahead.
"The Mourners still had their inning to play. Our boys
were equal to it. The result being that a man never got to
first base.
"The game was characterized throughout by fair
playing and friendly feeling. Our boys feel it an honor to
have defeated so able a club. They also feel it a pleasure
to contend with such cOUlieous gentlemen. "
Austin R egister-June 8. 1876
View of Austin In the 18708
This photo was probably taken
from the top of the high school
buUdlng
(Harold J. Dcwisoll Photo Collection)
(Harold J. Da vison Photo Collection)
George Baird's home, bullt In 1859
(V('", Judd Photo Collection)
The Olson Furniture Store
Busines s stayed in the famlly through son-In-law W. R. Earl. location
was S.E. comer of Main Street at Ist Ave. N.E.
20
(Harold J. Davison Photo Collection)
Austin's first photographer
Studio was on Ist Ave. N .E., across from courthouse square
(Harold J. Davison Photo Collection)
Dr. Samuel Paine Thornhill
One of Austin's early physicians
(Ve", Judd Photo Collection)
looking down north Main Street, Austin, In the 18808
THE MOWER COUNTY FAIR
Grandstand-Mower County Fair
photo taken in the 1950s
"Fair time!" Mother, father, sister, brother, each has
a special feeling of nostalgia when it is time for another
Mower County Fair. It is one county-wide event which is
looked forward to and enjoyed by almost everyone; town
or country. Anyone who grew up in Mower County can
recall events at the Fair which were special.
The Mower County Fair has a story which goes back
120 years. Citizens began to talk about this need early in
1863. County Commissioners R. C. Heath, A. Beach and
G. T. Angell called a meeting on September 22, 1863 to
discuss the formation of a County Agricultural Society.
This was the first step toward getting a fair, as the
Society would then be recognized by the Minnesota State
Fair. Also, the Society would receive books, agricultural
documents and other items of interest.
Ths Society's purpose was to improve agriculture,
create new ideas, develop the county and educate young
farmers.
The Society was officially formed at the Austin post
office on September 22, 1863. Officers and directors
were elected and a formal constitution was drafted .
Under this constitution any family could have an annual
membership for $ 1 .00 or a lifetime membership for
$10.00.
The first fair in Mower County was held in Lansing on
October 1 1 and 12, 1 864. Every village in the county had
the opportunity to offer a premium and the highest
bidder would have the privilege of hosting the fair. Much
to the disgruntlement of Austin citizens, Lansing offered
the highest premium. They hosted the first fair.
People from the surrounding counties were invited to
the Mower County Fair. The $ 1 .00 membership to the
society entitled the family to admission to the Fair, and
21
also allowed the holder to enter livestock and goods. Individuals
were admitted for 2516 .
Officers of the Society said that the first fair was a
success, and began planning for the following autumn.
The 2nd Mower County Fair was held October 10 and
1 1 , 1 865. The grounds were improved to provide a place
for exhibiting. A track was added for a women's
equestrian display and for exhibition of trotting horses.
Public officials addressed fairgoers on agricultural
concerns.
In spite of all efforts to encourage participation, the
1865 fair was not a success and the Agricultural Society
was dissolved.
The revival came in 1 868. A meeting for all interested
citizens was held in Austin's brick school house on July 3 1 ,
1868. The new Agricultural Society was formed with a
constitution and by-laws which promoted agriculture,
horticulture, stock raising and the mechanical arts. A
county resident could again become a member for $1 .00.
The new Society made sure that agriculture was the
dominant part of the revived fair. They offered $400 in
premiums. A race track was provided for the speed trials
of "fast nags," but it was strongly stated that the races
would not monopolize the fair.
The new society held its first fair on October 14 and
15, 1868. Owing to the short time the society had for
preparation, the bad state of the weather, and the exciting
political times, it was feared the fair would be a
failure. However, the clouds cleared away and the
officers prepared temporary grounds on the. public
square. Then some splendid cattle were brought together
with horses, hogs, machinery, wagons, buggies and other
products.
The Austin Democrat said, "The fair may be
considered as a perfect success. The fact was plainly
demonstrated that we can have one of the best fairs in the
State next season. Success will attend the Mower County
Agricultural Society. "
Interest in Fair Again Declines
For several years the Mower County Fair continued
satisfactorily, but then interest faded. Then, in 1882,
citizens urged the Agricultural Society to join with the
Farmers' Alliance. This was a progressive group which
promoted farmers' interests.
At a meeting of the Farmers' Alliance on July 5, 1882,
the committee voted to aid the Agricultural Society in
soliciting funds to purchase permanent grounds for the
County Fair.
Fair Grounds Purchased
Early in 1 883 the Agriculture Society purchased the
Austin Driving Park for use as a county fairgrounds. The
cost was $ 1 , 800. Plans were made to improve the fairgrounds
by repairing the floral hall, dwelling house,
stables and judges stand. They also hoped to erect a new
grandstand and 90 rods of board fence. The Society
began the sale of membership tickets early to finance the
$600 of improvements. A $2.00 family ticket entitled
freedom of the fairgrounds during all the days of the fair.
Family members also could enter goods and livestock
without further fees.
Suddenly, on September 3, 1883, the Basford block in
downtown Austin crumbled . The premium list was being
printed by Mr. Basford, and the type was destroyed .
There was not enough time to reprint the 40-50 page
book before Fair time. Officers of the Fair decided that
this loss, together with accompanying circumstances, required
that they cancel the Fair.
1884 Fair was Successful
Finally, in 1884, Mower County's first successful fair
was held on the grounds of the former Austin Driving
Park. This was the first of a succession of prosperous
County Fairs to be held at that location.
Entries at the Fair during this period were in Flowers
and Vegetables, Grain, Flour and Seeds (wheat, barley,
corn, peas, clover, timothy, buckwheat, flax and hops) ,
Dairy and Household Articles (butter, cheese, honey,
molasses, baking and canning, wine-blackberry, grape,
gooseberry, strawberry, raspberry, currant, rhubarb,
tomato) .
Also in Plowing, Horses, Cattle, Poultry, Domestic
Manufactures, Farm Implement (democrat wagon,
plows, bob sleds) , Dairy Household (churn, brooms,
cistern pump, washing machines) , Furniture, Leather
Goods (boots, harnesses, saddles) , Carriage and Buggies
and Fine Arts (painting, photos, ambrotypes, penmanship,
needlecraft) .
Through the succeeding years the fair changed in
organization, length, style and format. The fair
broadened its scope to include commercial . and trade
concessions. Forms of entertainment were added to
broaden interest for the entire family. Circuses, carnivals,
rodeos, zoos and other professional entertainment
22
and novelty items became a part of the Mower County
Fair.
1940 Officers
A . O . Starks served as president and Ben Huseby as
secretary at the 1 940 annual meeting of the Mower
County Agricultural Society. Elected to the board then
were Herman Lerud, William Murphy, Russell
Thompson, Ormanzo Peterson, Gunner Youngdahl,
Oscar Erickson, N. C. Goodwin, Alvin Baudler and
Richard Rahilly. Alvin Baudler was then elected president;
Goodwin, vice president; P. J. Holand, secretary;
Lerud, treasurer, Murphy, Thompson, Peterson,
Erickson, Youngdahl and Rahilly, directors.
During 1941 a number of improvements in the fairgrounds
were made with the help of the NY A. A fire
destroyed one of the exhibition buildings in 1 942, and it
was replaced the following year.
Grounds Expanded and Crane Pavilion Dedicated
The original fairgrounds was 25.6 acres. The Galloway
pit was added in 1948 with 5.6 acres, the Dee property in
1949 with 7 . 1 acres, the city pit in 1 951 with 9.4 acres,
the Zerkel property, across the street to the south with
5.0 acres and the Mickelson gravel pit of 2. 1 acres.
The livestock exhibit building on the fairgrounds was
dedicated in August, 1948 and named the Crane Livestock
Pavilion. It became the home of the National Barrow
Show and of other livestock exhibitions. The
building burned in 1955 and was replaced. It continues
to be the home of the National Barrow Show and other
events.
4H has been a part of the Fair's cooperation with
youth for many years. In 1945 the FFA (Future Farmers
of America) was invited to participate with livestock exhibits.
These programs for the youth continue to be an
important part of the fair. The Children's Farm Yard is
another feature for the young.
In cooperation with the Hormel Company the Midwest
Steer Show, Midwest Market Hog Show and, earlier, the
Fat Lamb Show, have been an integral part of the fair.
The Best County Fair Plant in the State
P. J. Holand, secretary ofthe Fair for 34 years, wrote a
news article for the Austin Herald in 1953, Mower
County's Centennial year. An excerpt follows:
"It is no wonder that the Mower County Fair is a big
institution. The preparations for the exposition are in
process all year around . The physical plant is by far the
finest county fair plant in the state. Our people have seen
to it that it is and what's more-they want to keep it that
way."
Many Dedicated Fair Board Members
As previously mentioned , P . J . Holand served as secretary
of the Fair Board from December 1 940 through
1974. Others who have served on the board since 1940
are: Guy Wold, Lew Reeve, Nordeen Torgerson, Harry
Saunders, Carl Kehret, Richard Rahilly, George Reppe,
Art Anderson, Myron Aultfather, Roy Miller, Merrill
Chesebrough, Dennis A. Deneen, Glenn Jahns, Harvey
Sathre, Gene VanDenover, John Halverson, Joe
Gislason, Earl Subra, Oliver Hagen, Omer Wangen,
John Larick, Don Weseman, Arthur Bustad, Carroll
Plager, Richard Wehner, Dale Rugg, Joe Raine and
Harold Mayhew.
Present officers are: Robert Radloff, Austin, president;
Jerry MacVey, Brownsdale, vice president; Ella Marie
Lausen, Austin, secretary; Roy Hayes, Austin, treasurer;
George Moline, Austin; Loren Hanson, Grand Meadow,
Norbert Schroeder, Grand Meadow; Richard Grass ,
LeRoy; Donald Sorenson, Dexter; and Jack Maas,
Austin, directors.
The fair will celebrate its Centennial in 1984. The
lOOth Fair on the same site.
Early Mower County Fair
No autos In this picture taken around the tum of the century.
Early church Now Fine Arts Gallery
This was formerly the Christ Episcopal Church, Austin, given to the
Historical Society by Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Rasmussen.
23
The Old Country School
Excelsior DlsI. #12, bunt In 1870.
Milwaukee Junction
The board walk leads to the railroad exhibits. The Indian Museum
on the right.
Young Exhibitors
Game and Fish Building
Photo probably taken In the 1940s
These boys and young men are showing their calves In the 1920s.
The Dairy Cattle Barn
Rahilly Museum
This building displays the Johnny Mears collection of horse drawn vehicles.
24
Mower County Fair-1910
MOWER COUNTY PIONEER AND mSTORICAL SOCIETY
Mower County Historical Society Museum
Dedicated in 1949, this building honors the G.A.R. Civil War
veterans and the pioneers of Mower.
The Mower County Pioneer and Historical Society had
an unusual beginning. It came about because of an idea
suggested at an honorary dinner.
In August, 1 947 the Mower County Fair acknowledged
and honored the farmers who had resided on their farms
in the county for a half-century. Portraits were taken of
these fifty-two farmers, men and women. Then they were
the featured guests at a dinner. Minnesota's Govenor
Luther Youngdahl was the main speaker.
During the course of the dinner the suggestion was
made that a pioneer association be organized . This idea
was then presented to the honored guests, and they enthusiastically
endorsed it.
On September 30. 1 947 a grou p of half-century farmers
and Austin businessmen met at the Crane Pavilion on
the fairgrounds. At that meeting they formed the Mower
County Pioneer and Historical Society. They also discussed
the possibility of erecting a pioneer building.
Those at the meeting were Richard Rahilly, John Skinner,
Mrs. Clara Sayles, J. H. Aultfather, Mrs. S. H .
Warrington, Jay Daane, George Reppe, Guy Wold,
Robert Bagley, Nels Goodwin, Gunnard Youngdahl,
Charles Fox, N. F. Banfield, Leonard Decker, Will
Phillips and P. J. Holand .
25
A committee was appointed to draft by-laws, make
plans for a pioneer building and to work out membership
plans. This group included Richard Rahilly, chairman;
N. F. Banfield, Mrs. Clara Sayles, J. H. Aultfather and
Mrs. S. H. Warrington.
Between the years of 1945 and 1947 the historical
mementos were displayed in a large tent at the east end
of the fairgrounds.
On October 8, 1 947, in the Austin High School auditorium,
Richard Rahilly was elected temporary chairman
and P. J. Holand, temporary secretary. George Reppe
was appointed finance chairman and instructed to begin
plans for a membership and fund drive. The goal was
construction of a pioneer building on the fairgrounds. As
a result there were soon 900 names on the active and
honorary membership roll.
In 1 948 GAR funds were contributed to the building
fund through McIntyre Post #66, W.R.C. Judge Martin
A. Nelson was instrumental in arranging this gift.
Bids were let for the Mower County Pioneer and
Historical building on April 26, 1949. The building was
dedicated August 9, 1949. Present at the dedication were
Judge Nelson, Governor Youngdahl, former governors J .
A. A . Burnquist and Hjalmer Peterson. Father D . A .
Cunningham gave the dedicatory address. A dinner
followed at the Queen of Angels hall. Speakers were Will
Phillips, a 50 year farmer, J. H. Skinner for the pioneers
and Roy T. Anderson, who represented the war veterans
of the county.
This new Historical Building fulfilled a dream for the
half-century farmers and was also a Minnesota Territorial
Centennial project for Mower
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1570 with Special Reference to Merchants and Tailors
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https://www.colonialsociety.org/node/318
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At a County Court held at Boston 29o Octobr 1678
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Colonial Society of Massachusetts
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Present
John Leverett Esqr Govr
Edwd Tyng Esqr Asst
Simon Bradstreet Esqr Dept Govr
Jo: Dudley Esqr Asst
Grandjury the same as at the former Court
Jury of Tryals Sworn
Lt Pen Townsend
Benjn Leeds
Ephram. Hunt junr
Timothy Thorntn
Jno Lewis
Jno Mason
Wm Smith
Edw. Vose
Josia Lane
Philip Searle
Jno French Senr
Jno Langle
[Elyott v. Starr]
Henry Elyott plaint. agt Robert Starr Defendt in an action of the case for refuseing to pay the Summe of Seven pounds ten Shillings in money due for a horse Sold him: The action being called the Defendant appeared not but mr Anthony Checkley declared hee appeared as his Surety: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Seven pounds five Shillings money and costs of Court granted thirty Six Shillings Four pence.
[Harbour v. Webb and Allen]
John Harbour plaint. agt Christopher Webb & Joseph Allen Defendts in an action of Reveiw of a case tried at the County Court held at Boston in april last where the sd Webb and Allen obtained judgemt agt the plaint. for costs of Court Fifteen Shillings and two pence:. . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. three pounds money damage and costs of Court thirty one Shillings six pence.
Execution issued. Novr 15. 1678.
[Peck v. Wells]
Thomas Peck junr plaint. agt John Wells Defendt in an action of the case for the Forfiture of a bond of Ninety pounds in money, bearing date the sixth of Octobr 1677. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Forfiture of the bond Ninety pounds money and costs of Court granted £. one pound eighteen Shillings two pence.
Execution issued 19o Febr 1678/9.
William Coleman plaint. agt mr Humphry Davie Defendt The plaint. was nonsuted upon non appearance.
Franklyn agt. Warner
Katharin Franklyn Attourny of Benjn Franklyn plaint. agt John Warner Defendt in an action of the case for not paying the Summe of twelve pounds or thereabouts in money due for diet washing and lodgeing. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. twelve pounds Seven Shillings money and costs of Court granted twenty Shillings.
Execution issued 12o Novembr 1678.
[See the review of this case in session of 29 July, 1679, below, p. 1055.]
Vsher agt. Vsher etc.
John Vsher trustee for Hezekiah Browne plaint. agt Hezekiah Vsher Execr and mr Samuel Nowell who married with Mary the Relict and Executrix of the last Will of Hezekiah Vsher Senior Defendts in an action of the case for not paying unto him the sd John Vsher the Summe of four hundred pound given by Hezekiah [531] Vsher Senior in his last Will to Hezekiah Browne his grandchilde and ordered to bee left in the hands of sd John Vsher: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Four hundred pounds according to Will but no costs of Court.
[This case appears to have turned largely on the question whether Hezekiah Usher’s legacies to Hezekiah and Elizabeth Brown should or should not have been paid in money. John Usher deposed (S. F. 2060.7) that such was his honored father’s intention, as did John Hull (2060.11). The pertinent extracts from the will (S. F. 1464) and the inventory (S. F. 2060.10) follow:
Jtem: J give and bequeath unto my Grand Children Hezekiah Browne and Elizabeth Browne all their movables that were their mothers to bee equally divided between them; Also J give unto the said Hezekiah Browne the Summe of Four hundred pounds as his portion which Summe J hereby order and appoint to lye and remain in my Son John Ushers hands untill the sd Hezekiah come of age, hee allowing the sd Hezekiah five pounds per Cent per annum as interest for the same during all the sd term. . . .
An Jnventory or an or an accott of the Estate of mr Hezekiah Usher late of
There are severall Accotts that are not yet made up and some trivialls that are not brought in and some of the abovesd Summes may prove either more or less, otherwise this is a true Jnventory so far as J know
mr Hezekiah Usher and mrs mary Usher made Oath in Court: 3d augo 1677. that this is a just & true Jnventory of the Estate of the late mr Hezekiah Usher deced to the best of their knowledge, and that when they know more they will discover the same, as attests Jsa Addington Clre
The case dragged along for a good many years. See Records of Court of Assistants, i. 137–39, 203; and record of case in the lower court in 1681/82, and appeals therefrom, in S. F. 2060.6, 8, 9.]
Vsher agt Vsher
John Vsher plaint. agt Hezekiah Vsher Defendt in an action of reveiw of a case tried at the County Court held at Boston. October. 30th 1677. where the sd John Vsher obtained judgemt agt Hezekiah Vsher forfiture of a bond of Seven thousand pounds, from which Judgemt Hez: Vsher appealed perticularly for the non compliance with the articles wherein the sd Hez: Vsher is obliged to pay one thousand pound Starling in England. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. forfiture of the bond Seven thousand pounds money and costs of Court: The Defendt appealed from this Judgemt unto the next Court of Assistants and put in Security for the prosecution thereof to Effect.
Palmer agt Casey
Lisle Palmer plaint. agt John Casey Defendt The plaint. was nonsuted in failure of process.
Meares agt. Lawton etc.
James Meares plaint. agt George Lawton & Joseph Cowell or either of them Defendts The plaint. was non suted upon non-appearance.
Clarke agt. Byfeild
Thomas Clarke plaint. agt Nathanael Byfeild Execr to the last will and testamt of Capt Thomas Clarke deced Defendt in an action of the case for refuseing to pay unto the plaint. the Son of sd Capt Clarke the Summe of one thousand pound due unto him by promiss upon marriage wth Hannah Fordum now wife of the plaint. . . . The Jury . . . found for the Defendt costs of Court: The Jury being sent forth a. 2d time upon this action and that which follows, they returnd the papers, informeing the Court that both parties came to them and declared they had agreed.
Byfeild agt. Clarke
Nathanael Byfeild Execr to the last Will & Testamt of Capt Tho: Clarke deced plaint. agt Thomas Clarke Son of the sd Capt Clarke Defdt in an action of the case for non payment of the Summe of Four hundred and thirty pounds in money due to the Estate of sd Capt Clarke as by Booke &a shall appeare: . . . The Jury . . . [532] found for the Defendt costs of Court.
Smith agt. Marshall
John Smith plaint. agt William Marshall Marrinr Defdt in an action of the case for not delivering unto him to him a just and true accot and the produce of 12 bbs of Mackarill, two bbs of Cyder, one bbr of Oyle and one bbr of Onyons, all which bbs and contents thereof were received by him the sd Marshall as Master of the pinke Releife & consigned to him as may appeare by bill of loading under his hand. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaintife, three pounds twelve Shillings six pence money & costs of Court.
Smith agt Herris
John Smith or his lawfull Attourny plaint. agt Tho: Herris Defendt in an action of the case for not paying the Summe of Four pound two Shillings six pence money due upon balla of accot beigining. 18. Febr 1677. . . . The Jury . . . found for the Defendt costs of Court.
Whightfoote agt Arnall
Giles Whightfoote plaint. agt John Arnall Defendt in an action of the case for not paying the Summe of Fifty Shillings in money due for two barrells of Molasses as shalbee made appeare by evidence. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Fifty Shillings in money and costs of Court twenty one Shilling eight pence.
Execucion issued: 31o 8br 78.
Herris agt Smith
Thomas Herris plaint. agt John Smith Defendt in an action of debt of Seventeen pounds in money due by booke wth damages. . . . The Jury . . . found for the Defendt costs of Court
Arnall agt French
Joseph Arnall junior or his Attourny plaint. agt William French Defendt Jno Arnall appearing as Attourny for his Brother, having no power to prosecute any action of Slander was nonsuted, and costs granted the Defendt
Waldron agt Henderson
Jsa Waldron or his Attourny plaint. agt Wm Henderson Defendt The plaint. was non suted in failure of process not Suing by way of reveiw.
Peck agt Arnall
John Peck plaint. agt John Arnall Defendt in an action of debt of Seven pound eight Shillings in money due by bill with damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Seven pounds eight Shillings money & costs of Court Sixteen Shillings ten pence.
Execution issued 31o octobr 78.
Pen agt Arnall
Wm Pen plaint. agt Joseph Arnall Senr Deft in an action of debt of Seven pounds due by bill wth damages: . . . [533] The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Seven pounds according to bill and costs of Court.
Bartholmew agt Cox
William Bartholomew plaint. agt John Cox Defendt in an action of debt of Four pound Seventeen Shillings in money due by bill bearing date. 8th October. 1677. under the hand of said Cox, with due damages. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Four pound Seventeen Shillings money and costs of Court, granted Eighteen Shillings.
Execution issued pro Novr 1678.
Arnall agt. Ayer
John Arnall plaint. agt Peter Ayer Defendt The plaint. withdrew his Action.
Legg agt Flood
Samuel Legg plaint. agt James Flood Defendt The plaint. was nonsuted upon non Appearance & costs granted the Defendt ten Shillings six pence.
Execution issud 14:11mo 78.
Childe agt Pickering
Alwin Childe or his Attourny plaint. agt Sarah Pickering Defendt in an action of debt of Seven pounds ten Shillings in money or thereabouts due by booke with damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Seven pounds and five pence money and costs of Court.
Chandler agt. Lun
John Chandler plaint. agt Thomas Lun Defendt for not performing his ingagement to free him & the Town of Roxbury from further charge of Christopher Portugall who is returned to theire great charge together with due damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. five pounds Eight Shillings
Nash agt. Gridley
James Nash Senior plaint. agt Joseph Gridley Defendt in an Action of the case for not paying the Summe of one hundred pounds in money due by bond or Covt datd 24o March. 1676. under the hand and Seale of Sd Gridley with damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Forfiture of the bond one hundred pounds money and costs of Court. On Request of the Defendt & by mutuall Agreement of both partys The Court chancered this Forfiture to thirteen pounds eight Shillings money including the costs of Court.
Jenkins agt. Veering
Samuel Jenkins plaint. agt John Veering Defendt in an action of debt of Five pounds and ten pence in money due by bill bearing date. 22 Januro 1677 [534] under the hand of the sd Vering with damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Five pounds & ten pence in money and costs of Court allowd three & twenty Shillings 6d
Execution issued 7th Novr 1678.
Kent etc. agt. Sheppards Estate
William Kent and Richard Knight Attournies to Samuel Hawford plaint. agt the goods Estate or money which did belong unto the Estate df Andrew Sheppard deced whither in the hands of Richard Way & John Jndicott Sureties for Martha Emery heire to the sd Andrew Sheppard or wheresoever it may bee found Defdts in an Action of the case for not deliuring one quarter part of the Barque Thomas and Mary whereof the sd Andrew Sheppard was Mar together with one quarter part of her loading of Logwood brought from Campechy being three and twenty tons. 19c 3qr 27l also for not giving an Accot of one quarter part of the sd Barques Earnings and the produce thereof all which do belong to sd Hawford, therefore hee is damnified above one hundred pounds with other damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaints one quarter of the Barque Tho: and Mary Sued for together wth one quarter part of the logwood Shipped on her and of her Earnings in her last Voyage, or that the Defendts shall render an Accot thereof upon Oath and pay the neete produce within one month or to pay Sixty pounds money and costs of Court.
[See Alford v. Endicott at the October session of 1676 (p. 726–35), where some of the documents concerning the logwood in question are printed, and Hawford v. Scotto and Endicott, at the July session, 1677, p. 816, below.]
Thater agt. Boudidge
Richard Thayer plaint. agt John Boudidge According to Attachmt The Action being called & the Attachmt & one Evidence being read (the plaint. not having more in areadiness) was committed to the Jury and are on file: The Jury . . . found for the Defdt costs of Court allowd twelve Shillings Six pence.
Execution issued 17o Januro 1678.
Hill agt. Emmons
Thomas Hill plaint. agt Obadiah Emmons Defendt in an action of debt of Fourteen pounds ten Shillings due to the sd Hill in specie according to bill bearing date. 18th of April 1678. under the hand of the sd Emmons with other damages. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Fourten pounds ten Shillings according to bill and costs of Court allowd twenty four Shillings Eight pence.
Execution issued 14o Novr 1678.
Porter agt Appleton
Abel Porter junior plaint. agt John Appleton Defendt The plaint. withdrew his Action.
Rawson agt. Playste’d
William Rawson plaint. agt William Playsteed Defdt in an action of the case for the Forfiture of a bond of twenty four pound not performing the condition thereof which was to pay twelve pounds in money &c. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Forfiture of the bond twenty four pounds money and costs of Court: Wm Rawson afterwards came into Court and acknowledged the [535] Receipt of twelve pounds money with his charges in full Satisfaction of this Judgemt
Rawson agt. Broughton
William Rawson plaint. agt John Broughton in an action of the case for not paying the Summe of Eight pound in money due by bill. datd 16th of April. 1678. under the hand of said Broughton with damages: . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. Eight pounds money and costs of Court allowed thirty four Shillings ten pence. Execution issued 6o Novr 1678.
Rawson agt. Broughton
William Rawson plaint. agt John Broughton Defdt in an action of the case for not paying the Summe of twenty four pounds in money due as the forfiture of a bond under his hand & Seale. datd 20th January. 1676. with damages. . . . The Jury . . . found for the plaint. forfiture of the bond twenty four pounds money & costs of Court: The Court upon the acknowledgemt of the plaint. what was remaining due, chancered this Forfiture to Six pounds money and costs of Court allowd thirty four Shillings ten pence.
Execution issued 5o Novr 1678.
Paige agt Smith
Nicholas Paige plaint. agt John Smith Defendt The plaint. was nonsutd upon non Appearance.
HOLMAN to ALLEINE
John Holman personally appearing in Court confes’t judgemt agt his Estate and person unto Henry Alleine Mercht for Fifteen pounds Seven Shillings & Seven pence to bee paid in money in full of a bill on file.
Freemen
Tho: Holman, James Tucker, Ephraim Tucker & Manassah Tucker all of Milton tooke the Oath of Freedom of this Colony
Order about mr Mihel’s Arrears
Jt being representd that mr Tho: Mihel doth withold the house ordeined for the Minestry of Milton upon the Accot of some dues yet behinde from the Town, Jt’s ordered that the Select men do forthwth pass an order for the paymt of what Arreares are due unto mr Mihel.
Claeke his Renunciation of Executorship
Thomas Clarke being put upon it by the Court to declare his acceptance or refusall of the trust put upon him by his Father Capt Tho: Clarke deced as Executor of his Will hee declared hee did renounce his sd Executorship.
Order about Wm Rogers his Childe
Jt’s Ordered that the Childe of William Rogers late of Boston Marrinr deced (his parents being both dead, and also his Aunt Hallit since dead, unto whose care hee was committed by Authority) bee deliurd unto mr Wm Rawson, who is ordered to take the present care of and make due provision for the Childe untill the Court take further order.
Toleman Find 10s
John Toleman Constable of Dorchester complaind of for neglect of his duty in not prosecuting of a hue-en-cry, obtained by John Chubbuck of Hingham, but letting it fall in his hands, Sentencd to pay ten Shillings money fine to the County [536]
Atherton &a Find 3s 4d apeice
Watching Atherton, Peter Talbut and John Smith all of Dorchester presented & convict by theire own confession in Court of breach of the peace in fighting and quarrelling &c. Sentencd to pay ten groates apeice in money fine to the County charge of Witnesses and fees of Court standing committd &c.
Addams Find 10s
Edwd Addams of Medfeild not attending to Serve upon the Jury of tryals according to Summons is Sentencd to pay ten Shillings in money fine to the County.
Order to the Tr abt Howlitts money in his hands.
mr Charles Lidgett appearing in Court and making claim to the Estate of John Howlitt deced in behalfe of Elias Russell and John Simons of Bilbao Merchts of a debt of about Eighty pounds due to the sd persons. Jt’s ordered that mr Lidgett getting his power translated & Recorded the Treasuror is to pay him wt monys were depositd in his hands by order of Court towards the paymt of said debts, hee giving a discharge for the same.
vide mr Lidgetts discharge p. 567.
Redding her Guardian
Rebecca Redding made choise of her mother Elinor Redding Widdow to bee her Guardian relating to a Legacy of £.25. given unto her in England by mr Penoyer which Shee accepted and the Court approved, Shee giving bond according to law.
Atherton etc. Find 10s aps
Considr Atherton and Ebenezer Williams of Dorchester presented and convict by theire own confession in Court of entring into the house of Nicholas Bolten and taking away Cider without his knowledge, Sentencd to pay ten Shillings apeice in money fine to the County & fees of Court standing committd &a.
Burch Find 10s
Joseph Burch of Dorchester presentd and convict by his own confession in Court of taking the name of God in vain, by Swearing, Sentenced to pay ten Shillings money fine to the County and fees of Court standing committd etc.
George Find £.5.
Elizabeth George of Dorchester Widdow convict by her own confession in Court of Selling Strong drinke without licence, Sentencd to pay five pounds in money fine to the County according to law and fees of Court standing committd etc.
Lowel Find 2/6
John Lowel Senr of Boston presentd for Jdleness & tipling owned that hee had not followed his calling so much as formerly by reason of his burstness,12 and that hee had too much frequented places of tipling, Sentenced to pay two Shillings six pence in money fine to the County according to law for tipling and fees of Court standing committd &a.
Brooking Find 5s
John Brooking convictd by his own confession in Court of entertaining persons drinking in his house at an unseasonable time upon a Saturday night. Sentencd to pay five Shillings in money fine to the County and fees of Court standing committd &a.
Martyn Find 5l
Mihel Martin convict by his own confession in Court of Selling drinke without licence. Sentenced to pay five pound in money fine to the County according to law and fees of Court [537]
Keyne Find £.5.
Arthur Keyne convict by his own confession in Court of Selling strong drinke without licence, Sentenced to pay five pounds money fine to the County according to law and fees of Court.
Robbinson Find 5s
Nathanael Robbinson convict by his own confession in Court of entertaining persons drinking in his house on a Sabbath Evening before the day light was gone, Sentenced to pay five Shillings money fine to the County and fees of Court standing committd &a
Boston under a penalty
The Town highway in Boston leading from the dock to the Mill being presented as insufficient, many times not passible for Carts: The Court orders that it bee repaired between this and the next Court of this County under the penalty of Five pound to bee forfitd by the Town.
Carter Senta
James Carter convict by his own acknowledgemt in Court of running away from his mar mr Josiah Flint & being also convicted of stealing plate and money from his sd Mar amounting to Six and twenty Shillings, is Sentenced to pay unto his sd Mar Flint three pounds Eighteen Shillings money being treble damages according to law for his theft, and for what his mar pd for him and disburstmts upon him for Cloathing and in pursuite of him with his prison charges at Chambridge to pay unto the sd mr Flint £.6:11:0: money, in the whole ten pound nine Shillings in money, and in case hee make not payment accordingly mr Flint paying his fees of prison and Court is impoured to dispose of him either in the Country or in any other of his Majesties Dominions, sd Carter standing committed untill this Sentence bee fulfilled.
Hitt her Estate Setled
Jt’s Ordered that the Estate left by Anne Hitt Widdow late of Boston deced amounting by Jnventory to three hundred Forty nine pounds Six Shillings six pence (there being five Children) bee divided into Six equall parts, two whereof are assigned unto the eldest Son to bee pd him when of age, and the other four parts are assigned unto each of the other four Children one to bee pd them as they come of age, and in case any of the sd Children dye before they attain theire respective ages that the portion of him or her so dying bee equally divided among the Survivors
Langle Admonish’t
Stephen Langle of Milton convict in Court by his own confession of voting in publique Town meetings it being objected hee is not qualified according to law, was Admonished.
Abatemt of Savage her fine
Jn Answer to the petition of Major Tho: Savage in behalfe of his daughter Dyonisia The Court remits five pound of the fine of £.15. imposed on her by the last Court of this County.
[See above, p. 939.]
Smith Find £.5.
John Smith convictd by his own confession in Court of keeping a house for publique entertainmt and [538] Selling drinke without licence, Sentenced to pay five pounds in money fine to the County according to law & fees of Court.
Daniel his Licence
John Daniel of Milton is licensed to keepe a house of publique entertainmt to retaile beere Cider and Wine for the yeare insuing and himselfe in £.10: and Henry Crane & Robert Badcock Sureties in £.5. apeice became bound to the Tr for his observance of the laws.
Gardners Licence
Peter Gardner of Roxbury is licensed to retaile Cider untill April next.
The Court Adjourned to the. 5th of Decembr next at three Afternoon.
5o Decembr 1678.®
The Court met by Adjournmt
Curtice his Estate proportiond
Jt’s Ordered that John Curtice Admr to the Estate of his late Brother Ephraim Curtice deced do pay unto such of the Creditors to that Estate as have entred theire claims with the Committee appointd by the Court for that end nine Shillings in the pound And in case of refusall the Admr is liable to the Sute of each of the sd Creditors to that value, and if any further Estate hereafter appeare it is to bee proportioned in the same manner.
Committee about Maverick his Estate
mr Anthony Stoddard is desired and appointed to join wth Major Tho: Savage (instead of Capt David deced) as a Committee relating to the Estate of Samuel Maverick deced and the Admrs to that Estate are ordered to make an issue of it at the next Court of this County.
Herris to Vsher
Thomas Herris personally Appearing before Edwd Tyng Esqr and Joseph Dudley Esqr Assists 3o Ianuary 1678. Confes’t Judgemt against his Estate and person unto Hezekiah Vsher for the Summe of Forty pounds four Shillings ten pence to bee paid in money in full of all Accots
attests Jsa Addington Clr.
Execucion issued 4o Januro 78.
Herris to Sheafe
Thomas Herris at the same time and before the same Magistrates confessed judgemt agt his Estate & person unto Sampson Sheafe for the Summe of One hundred twenty three pounds four Shillings and Eleven pence to bee paid in money in full of all Accots
attests. Jsa Addington Clr.
Execution issued 4o Januro 1678.
Herris to Shrimpton
Thomas Herris at the same time and before the same Magistrates confessed judgemt agt his Estate and person unto Samuel Shrimpton for the Summe of twelve pounds nineteen Shillings six pence to bee pd in money in full of all Accots
attests. Jsa Addington Clr.
Execution issued 30. Janry. 1678. [539]
Herris to Hutchinson
Thomas Herris personally appeared before Edwd Tyng and Joseph Dudley Esqrs Assists 3o Ianuary. 1678. and confessed judgemt agt his Estate and person unto Eliakim Hutchinson for the Summe of Six pounds ten Shillings to bee pd in money in full of all Accots
attests. Jsa Addington Cler
Execution issued 4o Ianuro 1678. [540]
The Names of such persons who tooke the Oath of Allegiance13 in Boston: 11th Novembr 1678. Administred by the Honorble John Leverett Esqr Governor
mr James Allen
Wm Spowell junr
Natha Barnes
mr Sam: Willard
Nehemh Peirce
Jno Bateman
mr Edwd Raynsford
Tho: Sanford
Jno Maryon Senr
mr James Shermon
Sam: Peacock
Robt Mason junr
mr John Miles
Sam: Bridge
Tho: Fuller
mr Jno Joyliffe
Tho: Warren
Jno Dindsdall
mr Elisha Hutchinson
Sam: Jenkins
Joseph Knight
Lt Danll Turill
Tho: Smith
Wm Home
Capt James Oliver
Simon Roberts
Sam: Maryon
Capt Jno Hull
Tho: Baker junr
Wm Rawson
Lt Natha Reynolds
obadiah Read
Moses Peirce
Lt Matthew Bernard
Jno Moore
Peter Codnar
Lt Pen Townsend
Lt Jno Walley
Joshua Winsor
Lt Theoph: Frarey
Capt Wm Gerrish
Preservd Collacot
Ensigne Eph: Savage
Lt Jacob Eliott
Tho: Jinkins
Ensigne Eph: Turnor
mr Tho: Kellond
Arthur Fickling
Ensigne Ri: Wodde
Lt Ri: Way
Sam: Jnggs
Ensigne Jno Wing
John Conney
Robt Sanderson
Ensigne Hope Foster
Christopher Clarke
Jno Baker
Jsaac Addington
Jonathan Balston
Benoni Collier
Jno Hayward
Natha Greenwood
Jno Maryion junr
Natha Byfeild
Elnathn Chauncey
Sam: Willet
Natha Williams
Capt Wm Wright
Jno Forster
Jonath. Bridgham
Wm Coleman
Joseph Blake
Henry Mountfort
Wm Needham
Math: Atkins
Wm Greenough
Wm Pope
Joshua Matson
Jabesh Salter
Ja: Whetcomb
James Green
Marshll Jo: Webb
Natha Oliver
Steven Feilder
Return Waite
Edw: Willys
Wm Stratton
John Search
John Harrison
Jno Hueson
Edw: Goodyn
Wm Enghsh
Natha Baker
Ri: Crispe
Hudson Leverett
Joshua Rice
Jno Temple
Benjn Davis
Matth: Browne
Jno Winslow
Tho: Watkins
Ebenez: Davenport
Jno White
Sam: Peirce
Sam: Brabston
Natha Blague
Wm Griggs
Wm Porter
Henry Tite
Timo Pratt Senr
Jno Fairfeild
Robert Wilhams
Jno Holman
Jno Orris
Ri: Collacot
Jno King
Tho: Bill
Jno Veering
Savel Simpson
Natha Robbinson
Robert Butcher
Jno Wilkins
Jno Jndicott
Francis Morse
Wm Robbins
Jno Roberts
Edwd Davis
Joseph Saxton
Henry Messenger
Jno Dafforne
Jno Hunt
Wm Tower
Tho: Wheeler
James Harris
Ri: Heath
Edm: Ranger
Phillip Curtice
Robt Emmons
James Jnglish
Tho: Smith
Benjn Williams
Giles Dyer
Jno Ruggles
Geo: Manning
Jno Skate
George Purkis
Caleb Ray
Danll Fairfeild
Matth: Abdee
George Pike
Jno Barbur
Tho: Davis
Jno Barnard
Asaph Eliott
Natha Castle
Wm Sumner
Peter Odlin
Wm Ockinton
Sam: Kelley
Sam: Holman
Robt Clarke
Jno Leech
Jno Greenleafe
Jno Pell
James Franklyn
Jsaiah Tay
Caleb Rawlins
Benjn Dell
Ri: Narramore
Jno Bull
Edw: Pegge
Gilbert Cole
Tho: Rootes
Jno Feild
Joseph Gallop
Tho: Griffen
Jno Sweet
Adam Dinsdall
Sam: Turell
Robt Howard
Tho: Barbur
Jno Winchcomb
Jno Ferniside
Joseph Swett
Jno Needham
Henry Kirbey
Jonathn Howard
Jno Smith
Robert Carver
Edw: Cowell
Nico Dolton
Nicho How
David Mattox
Wm Norton
Tho: Baker
Tho: Barnes
Steven Davis
Robt Snell
Jona Addams
Joseph Brisco
Jno Smith
Jno Butler
Tho: Atkins
Benjn Emmons
Moses Collier
Eliezr Holyoke
Edw: Hill
Sam: Gallop
Ri: Williams
Joseph Preist
Jno Cowell
David Raynsford
Jno White
Jno Cleesby
Joseph Peirce
Wm Middleton
Natha Addams Senr
Henry Flood
Matthias Smith
James Marshall
Jno Raynsford
Jno Harwood
Robert Addams
Sam: East
Abram. Addams
Jona Wales
Robt Orchard
Danll Travis
Henry Harris
Geo: Waldron
Laurence Waters
Jno Jones
Mungo Crawford
Jno Wakefeild
Sam: Snow
Joseph Farnham
Jno Nicholson
Tho:Hichborn
Tho: Baker Senr
Wm Loverain
Wm Thwing
Matth: Collins
Samll Rider
mr Simon Lynde
Jno Skinner
Edwd Antill
Silvan: Davis
Jno Foy
Jno Baker
John Young
Jno Bonner
James Brading
Arthur Mason
Edw. Allyn
Wm Andrews
James Dennis
Geo: Burrell
Joseph Wakefeild
Tho:Sheepcot
Joseph Turne [541]
Jno Williams
Nico Hoile
Jsa Wodde
Benjn Brisco
Jno Osop
Tho: East
Charles Hopkins
Jno Roberts
Jno Alcock
Michael Shute
Charles Lane
Robt Cooke
Sam: Homes
Jno Matson
Wm Wooster
Wm Payne
Wm Cleesbey
Ri: Kates
Tho: Barney
Jno Capen
Gindstone Boud:
Robt Bronsdon
Tho: Downe
Wm Wade
Wm Harrison
Benjn Dunning
Jno Dowgin
Moses Bradford
Jno Ballentine
Tho: Barnat
Joseph Proutt
Tho: Staplefort
Sam: Paine
Edmd Gates
Cornelius White
David Wilson
Ephraim Manning
Joseph Belknap Senr
Geo: Briggs
Magnis White
Edw: Everill
Simon Daniel
Wm Obinson
Abra. Rye
Joseph Dell
Tho: Cooper
Tho: Harris
Robt Sandall
Ri: Cheever
Jno Wilkee
Jno Holland
Jerm: Gibson
Wm Parsons
Geo: Nowell
Tho: Blythe junr
Ri: Tout
Ri: Peirce
Dennis Mackdaniel
James Pennyman
Henry Champne
Joseph Grant
Edwd Smith
Bozoon Allen
Josia Belcher
Jno Haynes
Tho: Eldridge
Ri: Dence
Moses Patrick
Timo Thorntun
Jno Ayer
Jno Clough
Natha Addams junr
Laurence Bowles
Joseph Burgis
Tho: Powell
Jno Dosset
Sam: Tiley
Phillip Stratton
Tho: Herris
Sam: Lynde
Tho: Paddey
Wm Smith
Tho: Tiley
Jona Farnum
Laurence White
Josiah Abbot
Wm Lane
Tho: Hem
Geo: Hisket
Natha Lynde
Henry Harwood
Jno Laurence
Fearenot Shaw
James Johnson
David Cummins
James White
Wm Pasmore
Jsaac White
Joseph Phillips
Jno Starr
Jno Arthur
Robt Edmonds
Robert Trevey
George Eborne
Jno Flood
Joseph Gannet
Tho: Gorst
Tho: Kemble
Henry Jngraham
Josia Baker
Walter Cohoone
John Gay
Jno Ricks
Wm Poole
Tho: Plembley
Samll Crab
Tho: Norton
James Webster
Wm Snell
Abram. Blushe
Henry Reynols
Francis Hudson
Robt Sedgewick
David Landon
Wm Eglan
Benjn Breames
Robt Mason Senr
Joseph Parsons
Nico Phillips
Edwd Mortimore
Jno Messinger
Jno Johnson
Tho: Clarke
Jno Davis
Wm Baker
Sam: Thaxton
Joshua Hews
Jno Baker
Jno Jarmyn
Ri: Coby
Henry Woolfe
Abram. Letherbridge
Robt Lash
Daniel Clough
Henry Pease
Jno Courser
David Thomas
Sam: Mattock
Wm Everden
Ambrose Due
Tho: Sexton Senr
Wm Wilkinson
Jno Cunniball
Edw: Paige junr
David Addams
Jno Playsteed
Wm Waters Senr
Danll Wilden
Henry Alleine
Archubal Morrison
Jno Marsh
Wm Huffe
Robt Wright Senr
Sam: Bedwell junr
Samll Paine
Elisha Odlin
Jno Farnum junr
Samll Burnell
Tho: Dewer
Peter Woodhouse
Jno Cotta
Danll Quinsey
Isaac Maryon
Marke Parsons
James Tompson
Jacob Femiside
Wm Whiteway
Jno Woodde
Peircie Clarke
Caleb Stratton
David Copp
Sam: Bedwell Senr
Samll Burrell
Vico Wilmot
Richd Tuell
Jarvis Ballard
Jonathn Orris
Bartho Stratton
Samll Norden
Joseph Shaw
David Waterhouse
Samll Emmons
Jno Andrews
Edw: Blanchard
Jno Hunlock
Jno Ratcliffe
Joseph Homes junr
Jno Prescot
Jno Andrews
Tho: Alderton
Wm Drue
Jno Lewis
Ri: Burton
Natha Peirce
Charles Fuller
Jno Jinkins
Jno Maverick
Wm Browne
Joseph Davis
Nicho Stone
Jno Goffe
Jno Howen
Jno Augur
Benjn Dyer
Robt Shelston
Andrew Hall
James Ellice
Tho: Clout
Wm Guard
Henry Ernes
Jona Barker
Jno Glover
Ri: Edwards
Jno Viall junr
Jno Place
Ri: Talley
Peter Townsend
Jno Comer
Jno Mills
Tho: Ashley
Gaudy James
Tho: Cooper
Sam: Daggen
Samll Sendall
Rowland Storey
Jno Ward
Jno Dakin
Wm Maddison
Danll Turill junr
Robt Wittall
Charles Buckner
Steven Butler Senr
Daniel White
Jno Pollard
Joseph Bateman
Francis Dowse
Josias Stone
Wm Procter
Wm Hawkins
Jno Tomlin
Jno White
Jno Parmiter
Jno Peirce
Tho: Emmons
Arthur Keyn
Jno Childe
Joseph Eldridge
Robert Earle
Mihel Martyn
Amos Vertee
Tho: Hunt
Jno Dawes
Sam: Hunt [542]
Geo: Peirson
Lucias Peirce
Jno Jarvis
Abel Porter junr
Henry Tompson
Jno Griffin
Andrew Cload
Tho Everenden
Arthur Smith
Roger Risden
Ri: Travis
Richd Barnard
Ri: Preist
Ri: Loft
Wm Penney
Robert Jones
Clement Gross
Ri: Davis
Jno Bolt
Ri: Jinke
Jno Viall Senr
Jno Wayt
Jno Scarlett
Jno Avis
James Hudson
James Balston
Jno Nash
Wm Carpenter
Wm Pitts
Wm Turner
Jno Harwood
Wm Hunt
Joseph How
Jacob Fowle
Ephraim Searle
Jno Carthew
Tho: Forty
Erasmus Stevens
Samll Warren
Jno Dyer
Jno Whaley
Jno Peirce
Isaac Cousens
Jno Ross
Henry Addams
Joseph Rock
Simon Rogers
Josia Cobham
Arthur Mosier
Nathanll Castle
Edw: Ellys
Jno Matthews
Hen: Butterfeild
Peter Warren
Sampsoll Stoddard
Leonard Dowden
Antho Greshon
Geo: Henley
Benjn Alford
James Gray
Simeon Stoddard
Ri: Middlecott
Jno Turner
Jno Woodmansey
Jeremiah Conoway
Jno Foster
Wm Rouz
Michal Willys
Tho: Bingley
Danll Turill junr
Benjn Negus Senr
Wm Hobbey
Jno Farnun Senr
Obadiah Gill
Jno Tucker
Roger Dobleday
Cha Crosthwayt
Joseph Weeden
Tho: Hill
Jno Jnglesby junr
Henry Deering
Jno Pease
Jeremiah Sabyn
Eneas Salter
Robt Winsor
Tho: Narramore
Jno Williams
Robt Cannon
Christophr Crow
Jno Leech
Wm Gibson
Jno Inglesby Senr
Wm Gilbert
Tho: Hartley
Edmd Mountfort
Tho: Waggit
Wm Lavis
Jno Stanbrige
Jno Atwood
Abram. Smith
Alexandr Baker
Robt Dale
Isaac Walker
James Robbinson
Joseph Farrow
Tho: Bemis
Christophr Holland
Phillip Bullis
Edw: Creeke
Jngeman Halgeson
Richd Hall
David Walsbey
Alexandr Simpson
Jno Brooking
Nathanll Badcock
Benjn Negus junr
Samll Walker
Zach: Davis
Wm Blackwell
Jno Parrum
Nicho Salsbury
Joshua Cobham
Benjn Smith
Clement Hamlin
Andrew Augur
Jacob Mason
Henry Tarleton
Ebenezr Peirce
Ri: George
James Townsend
Lophelin Glowee
Ri: Hunt
Theodore Atkinson
Henry Bartholmew
Anthony Mudd
Alexandr Bogle
Geo: Tompson
Wm Phillips
Nathanll Broughton
Jno Walker
Thomas Cooke
Thaddeus Mackarty
Tho: Platts [543]
Ri: West
Samll Mattock junr
Joseph Tapping
Edwd Budd
Ri: Harrison
Digory Sergeant
Jno Amey Senr
Simeon Messenger
Tho: Cheever
Jno Amey junr
Jno Phipps
James Butler
Edwd Dorr
Joseph Greenleafe
Jno Hayward
Tho: Beard
Bartho Three Needle
Benjn Bale
Jno Willys
Obadia Wakefeild
Geo: Ellistone
Wm Taller
Tho: Stanbury
Jno Tuckerman Sr
Jno Vsher
Jno Brooking junr
Tho: Bolton
Wm Kirbey
Joseph Belknap junr
Tho: Gross
Jno Lowell
Hez: Henchman
Richd Knight
Benjn Wardell
Jabesh Negus
Tho: Hunt
Charles Abbot
Samuel Phillips
Henry Wright
Ephraim Hall
Joseph Cooke
Wm Dawes
Jno Russell
Jonath: Raynsford
Isaac Gross
Wm Lytherland
James Andrews
Jno Glover
Jno Hill
Joseph Williams
Sam: Plummer
Edw: Gold
Jno Jinnings
Tho: Harris
Ralph Tuffe
Sam: Minot
Gilbert Evans
Joshua Nash
Ri: Bray
Robt Smith
Andrew Neale
James Maxwell
Jonathan Jackson
Tho: Chard
Wm Phelps
Ebenezr Jnglesby
Joseph Browning
Benjn Smith
Moses Richardson
Wm Bartholmew
Henry Ellice
Nathanll Henchman
Timo Pratt junr
Nico Treeby
Jacob Wilkinson
Phillip Mullen
Wm Kent
Jno Mackemoryn
Richd Doling
Peter Brackett
Sam: Jackson
James Hawkins
Tho: Eliott
Michal Holland
Nicbo Cole
Tho: Wright
Wm Hamilton
Wm Smith
Peter Widger
Jno Richardson
Henry Denning
Sam: Stocker
Sam: Bennet
Roger Judd
Ri: Coy
Jeremia Mather
Ri: Gross
Roger Burgis
Sampson Dewer
Jno Bullard
Experience Willys
George Monke
Nicho Crarey
Nicho White
James Dowell
Ri: Pugsley
Wm Lamb
Jno Marshall Senr
Regnal Odal
Jno Lux
Jeremiah Childe
Jno Kneeland
Francis East
Jno Hurd Senr
Moses Cobham
Jno Mulberry
Tho: Bend
Ri: Henchman
Tho: Forbush
Tho: Skinner
Tho: Peck Senr
Edwd Drinker
Elias Hobart
Wm Hore
Jno Belcher
mr Ri: Wharton
Wm Wilcot
Sam: Bozworth
Laurence Willys
Edwd Belcher
Joseph Swett
Geo: Robbinson
Jno Bradish
Phillip Squire
The Name of the male persons in Boston who tooke the oath of Allegiance Administred by the Worppll Simon Bradstreet Esqr Dept Gov 21o April: 1679.@
Ino Brandon
Ino Allen
Tho: Rumsee
Wm Gilbert
Iames Hill
Solom: Raynsford
Iames Balston jur
Wm Holowell
Ioseph Haven
Satisfactn Belchr
Benjn Holowell
Iohn Ireland
Samll Pewell
Geo:Camble
Sam: Davis
Zibeon Lytherland
Simon Rogers
Willm Perwitch
Ioseph warren
Sam: Davis Ir
Iohn Verren
Isaac Pepper
Tho: Barrat
Henry Stevens
Iohn Balston
Sam: Iohnson
Henry Rust
Ioseph Bridgham
Alexandr Panton
Tho: Kelton
Henry Lunt
Edw: Fairbanke
Samll Marshall
Iohn pratt
Wm Thornton
Timo Armitage
Hugh price
Henry Duen
Iohn Baley
Iohn powell
Bryan Morphey
Iohn Marsh
Iames meers
Edw: Milton
Gamaliel Rogers
Benjn Tainter
Wm White
Wm Partman
Edw: Paige
Humpr Liscombe [544]
William Phillips
Tho: Steele
mr Paul Dudley
Ion Robison
Iohn Bennet
Iohn Casey
Edmd Beach
Moses Paine Senr
Iohn Tumor
Iohn Day
Iohn Odlin
Benjn Savage
Steven Sergeant
Sam: Clarke
Wm Green
Manasah Beck
Abel Porter Senr
Samll Spead
Iohn Gill
Peter Wyer
Iohn Blackston
Edw: Thwyng
Robert Davis
Iohn Rix
Wm Kileup
Iohn Waite
Wm Batt
Adam Dunkin
Abia: Bateman
Tho: Rider
Edw: Evens
Iohn Salman
Wm Harris
Ambrose Hunnewll
Iames Boone
Anto Checkley
William Tomlin
Tho: Robinson
Iohn Bodman
Iohn Feild
Iohn Ayers
Iames Addams
Wm Viccars
Ino Morris
Robt Lookeley
Geo: Edwards
Peter King
Ezekiel Levet
Tho: Edwards
Samll Smyth
Wm Dinsdall
Robert Moore
Ri: Gridley
Eliphalet Blague
Anto Heywood
Pe: Sergeant
Edw: Hounsell
Robt Cumbey
Danll Royce
Andrew Dolberry
Iames Halsey
Dr Elisha Cooke
Iohn White
Experi: Orris
mr Ezekiel Cheever
Sam: Greenwood
Tho: Turner
Iohn Man
Charles Labarry
Ino Clap
Ieremiah Dummer
Richd Seely
Iames Updicke
Samll phillips
Anto Gresion
Wm Mumford
Sam: Mason
Wm Downe
Wm Parrum
Ioseph Hurd
Pheasant Eastwick
Capt Danll Henchman
Robert Walker
Tho: Iohnson
Archubal Forrest
Moses Paine junr
Wm Dempsey
David Falkner
Charles perry
John Chapman
Robert Howard
Lt Hugh Drury
John Sparrey
David Jefferys
Peter Till
John Keen Senr
Ierem: Fitch
Deacon Henry Allen
Peter Chock
Iames Browne
Iames Landon
Sampson Sheafe
Iohn Iones
Bartho Sutton
Tho: Buttolph
Wm Penney
Iohn Peck
Iohn Sharpe
Edw: Crocker
Sam: Haugh
Edw: Lilley
Richd Parton
Sam: Lewis
Wm Cloe
Ralph Carter
Ioseph Gridley
Edw: Camer
Ioseph Simmons
Hercules Courser
Iohn Wilmot
David Basset
Tho: Smith
Iohn Holbrooke
Tho: Masser
Ri: Patteshall
Ino Bennet marinr
Iohn Horton
Ino Champion
Ioseph Smith
Ino Ramsey
Anto Stoddard junr
Richd Harden
Ino Creesy
Ebenezr Savage
Tho: Wells
Ino Butler
Henry messengr Sr
Ioseph Wing
Tho: Higgison
Richd Buckley
Iohn Sevey
Sam: Ruggles
Ino Boden
Richd Smith
Geo: Orris
Ioseph Fisher
Iohn Hopkins
Ionas Clarke
Ino Keen junr
Iohn Rolston
Tho: Thacher [546]14
The Names of the Male persons, living at Muddy River (within the Township of Boston) who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
Edwd Devotion
Edw: Chamberlyn
Uriah Clarke
Iohn Devotion
Iacob Chamberlyn
Tho: Kelton
Robt Grandy
Dorman Morean
Tho: Boyleston
Iohn Parker Senr
Isaac Heath junr
Mathew Preist
Iohn Parker junr
Isaac Heath Senior
Tho: Kelton
Iohn Winchesf junr
Ino Winchesf Senr
Tho: Boyleston
Tho: Woodward Senr
Ebenezr Hudson
Henry Segar
Thorn: Woodward junr
Rosamond Drue
William Willis
Peter Aspinwall
Clement Corbin
Sam: Duncam
Samll Aspinwall
Iabesh Buckmaster
Ioseph Davis
Iames Pemberton
Ino Kelton
Robt Harris
Ioseph Pemberton
Ino Hubbard
Timo Harris
Michael Raseford
Edwd Kubey
Danll Harris
Tho: Gardinr Senr
Ioshua Kubey
Iohn Harris
Andrew Gardinr
Sam: Clarke
Iohn Griggs
Tho: Gardinr junr
Iohn Clarke
Edwd Cooke
Ioshua Gardinr
George Bersto
Tho: Stedman
Caleb Gardinr
Ino White Senr
Ino Smale
Ri:Woolfar
Benjn White
Ino Stebbins
Christo Pigott
Ino White junr
Simon Gates
Iohn Sennison
Ioseph White
Iohn Ackors
Ino Clarke
The Names of those persons in Roxbury who tooke the oath of Allegiance.
mr Iohn Eliott
Richd Chicke
Ioseph Newell
mr Benjamin Eliott
Benjn Deuce
Ioseph Bugbee
Ioseph Lyon
Timo Steevens
Danll Weld
mr Tho: Weld Senr
Benjn Wilson
Ino Goade
Tho: Weld junr
Iacob Newell Senr
Ioshua Seever
Sam: Weld
Iacob Newell junr
Sam: Williams Sr
Ino Weld
Ioseph Wise
Sam: Williams Ir
Edmund Weld
Wm Wise
Nath: Mather
Iohn Stebbins
Math: Abdee
Edw: Rogers
George Write
Abiel Lamb
Ioseph Miller
mr Ino Boles Senr
mr Richd Meede
Robt Williams
Robt Hokins
Abr Newell Sr
Steven Williams
Robt Baker
Abr Newell Ir
Giles Payson
Sam: Payson
Ino Mayo Sr
And: Wodkins
Ino Hemenway
Ino Mayo Ir
Davd Richards
Nath: Homes
Sam: Dunkine
Ioseph Davis
Iosh: Hemenway
Danll Marshcroft
Tho: Morry
Ino Holbrooke
Ino Davis Smith
Sam: Gore
Ioseph Gardner
Ino Crafts
Sam: Mayes
Wm Parcke
Shuball Seaver
Tho: Bishop
Danll Eaton
Robt Seaver
Jabesh Totman
Pe: Gardner
Wm Garey
Tho: Bacon
Ino Gardner
Sam: Garey
Iosia Holland
Tho: Cheeny Sr
Phillip Searle
Nath: Brewer
Tho: Cheeny Ir
Ino Searle
Nath: Garey
Ino Newell
Phillip Searle Ir
Wm Briggs
Nico Garey
Isa Newell Sr
Wm Davis
Philip Torrey
Isa Newell Jr
Ino Weld Sr
Iona Torrey
Iona Winchestr
Richd Webe
Tobias Davis
Iona Peake
Ino Mayes
Sam: Davis
Iohn Watson
Hen: Bowen Sr
Tho: Swan
Nico Coke
Hen: Bowen Ir
Tho: Baker
Ino Baker
Ben: Toker
Edw: Payson
Wm Lyon
Ino Holmes
Danll Levitt
Ino Lyon
Pe: Kelley
Sam: Ruggles Sr
Ino Scott
Wm Hoykings Sr
Sam: Ruggles F
Ino Whitney
Abr How Sr
Ioseph Robinson
Iona Casey
Abr How Ir
Ino Peirpoint Sr
Ino Bugbey
Isa How
Ino Peirpoint Jr
Iames Frizel Sr
Ioseph Peake
Eben Peirpoint
Iames Frizel Ir
mr Ino Gore
Hugh Clarke
Ino Frizel
Ben: Gamblin
Ino Gravenr
Benjn Childe
Roger Addams
Ralph Bradhurst
Edw: Morris Ir
Danll Brewer
Robt Peirpoint
Isa Morris
Nico Williams
Iohn Ruggles
Sam: Lyon
Isa Curtis
Ino Ruggles Sr
Tho: Lyon
Iames Levit
Ino Ruggles Ir
Ino Holdridge
Danll Ainsworth
Ino Griggs
Iames Draper Sr
Robt Pepper
Ab: Parker
Iames Draper Ir
Isa Pepper
Ben: Seaben
Iohn Draper
Ino Lescey
Ioseph Griggs
Nath: Iohnson
Iosh: Woods [547]
Griffin Craft
Ino Davis
Caleb Seaver
Edw: Sawell
The Names of such persons in Dorchester who tooke the oath of Allegiance.
mr Iosiah Flint
Preserved Capen
Ino Gipson
Elder Iames Humphrys
Ino Soper
Tho: Leichfeild
Lt Ino Capen
Ino Weekes
Ioshua Henshau
Iames Barber
Tho: Bird
Samm: Hill
Mattias Evens
Ino Bird
Ebenezr Hill
Obadia Hawes
Iames Bird
Danll Ellen
Obadia Swift
Samm: Smith
Walter Everenden
Tho: Plum
Ino Browne
Tho: Rawlins
Gamal: Bemen Sr
Antho Hancock
Ezra Clap
Gamal: Bemen Ir
Samm: Clap
Iohn Garnsey
Noah Bemen
Iames Blake Sr
Edw: Wiat
William Sumner
Iames Blake Ir
Nathanll Wiat
Roger Sumner
Iohn Blake
Iohn Plumb
Nathanll Clap
Nehem: Clap
Samm: Plumb
Hopestill Humphrey
Nicho Clap
Samm: Rigbey
Isaac Humphrey
Hopestill Clap
Wm Davenport
Iohn Beman
Desire Clap
Danll Preston Sr
Iohn Hoppin
Iames Foster
Danll Preston Ir
Tho: Hoppin
Phillip Tromodeda
Iohn Breck
Ino Bolton
Iohn Withington
Iohn Smith
Samm: Nap
Ioseph Weekes
Phillip Evens
Ioseph Blackman
Elisha Foster
Iames Mott
Comfort Foster
Thomas Modsley
Ioshua George
Standfast Foster
Timo Mather
Samm: Hix
Wm Turner
Considr Atherton
Iohn Pelton Sr
Wm Pond
Watching Atherton
David Iones
Ioseph Hoppin
Richd Mather
Ionath: Iones
Wm Cheeny
Ioseph Mather
Ensigne Hall
Wm Triscott
Isaac Iones
Sam: Hall
Peter Talbut
Ebenezr Iones
Ri: Hall
Ammiell Weekes Sr
Ino Triscott
Iona Hall
Ammiell Weekes Ir
Samm: Rice
Tho: Davenport
Nicho Boulton
Iames minott
Cha: Davenport
Ebenezr Williams
Henry Thomas
Samm: Iones
Henry Gearnsey
Peter Roberts
Wm Riall
Iohn Baker
Iohn Pike
Tho: Pearse
Walter Heaven
Ioseph Birch
Iohn Pope
Richd Leeds
Enock wiswall
Samm: Capen
Richd Baker
Iames Minott
Bernard Capen
Iames Baker
Francis Ball
Richd Evens
Samm: Triscott
Nathan Bradley
Richd Withington
Samm: Wales
Tho: Evens
Robt Searle
Iohn Mason
Bryant Tucker
Edw: Pason
Nicho Laurence Sr
Nathanll Osborn
Ephraim Pason
Nicho Laurence Ir
Tho: Toleman Sr
Samm: Pason
Iohn Wales
Tho: Tilestone Sr
Robt Stanton
Iacob Hewens Sr
Tho: Trott Sr
Ion Stanton
Iacob Hewens Ir
Samm: Robinson
Tho: Stanton
Edmd Browne
Iohn Pearson
Hen: Merrifeild
Tho: Andrews
Roger Willys
Benjn Merrifeild
Iohn Blackman
Iohn Minott Senr
Samm: Sumner
Iona Blackman
Samm: Trott
Matthew Huske
Ioseph Scelton
Timo Foster
Roger Billing Ir
Iames Atherton
Danll Elder
Henry White
Benjn Leads
onisepherus Tileston
Henry Leadbetter
Jsrael Hone
Nathll Glover
Iames Robinson
Jsaac Hone
Ralph Houton
Ebenezr Withington
Ioseph Curtis
Iohn Houton
Wm Chaplin
Iohn Spur
Ioseph Houton
Robt Stiles
Robert Spur Sr
Robert Smith
Iames White
Robert Spur Ir
Iohn Lewis
Tho: Grant
Tho: Toleman Ir
Samm: Topliffe
Increase Sumner
Tho: Trott Ir
Peter lyon
Tho: Pope
Isaac Riall
Elhanan Lyon
Tho: Stevens
Jona Davenport
Clement Maxfeild
Sam. Sumner Ir
Samm: Paul
Samm: Maxfeild
John Pope Ir
Tristrum Boreman
Roger Billing Sr
Richd But [548]
Timo Tilestone
Ebenezr Billing
The Names of such persons in Milton who tooke the oath of Allegiance.
mr Samm: Man
Ioseph Tucker
Tho: Stripings
Edwd Blake Sr
Humphry Tefeny
Wm Dennison
Timo Wales
Ino Iurden
Return Badcock
Natha Wales
Ebenezr Wadsworth
Benjn Badcock
Geo: Lion Sr
Ephm Newton
Enoch Badcock
Geo: Lion Ir
Tho: Horton
John Owen
Ebenezr Clap
Martin Memory
Iohn Groset
Iames Tucker
Ino Keny
Iohn Kinsley
Wm Blake Sr
Iohn Willistone
David Ernes
Wm Blake Ir
Ri: Salisbury
Antho Newton
Nath: Blake
Stev: Langley
Iohn Daniel
Edwd Blake Ir
Tho: Vose
Tho: Swift Senr
Geo: Sumner
Ebenezr Leland
Tho: Swift Iunr
Robt Tucker
mr Tho: Mighell
Iohn Pitcher
Ephm Tucker
Henry Crane Sr
Nathll Pitcher
Manassah Tucker
Benjn Crane
Iames Atherton
Henry Glover
Steven Crane
Ioshua Atherton
Iohn Dicke
John Crane
Wm Bimelbe
Ricbd Dicke
Henry Crane Ir
Iohn Redman
Simon Peeke
Samm: Gulliver
Robt Vose
Samm: Badcock
Lancelot Pearse
Edwd Vose
Robt Badcock
Antho Gulliver
Daniel Mory
Iona Badcock
Iona Gulliver
Danll Henshaw
Ebenezr Badcock
Tho: Holman
Walter Morey
Teage Corahore
Tho: Williams
Ioseph Weld
Iohn Fennoo
Peter White
Samm: Pitcher
Robert Brane
The Names of such persons in Brantery who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
mr Fiske
Edw: Tompson
Edmd Ring
Captll Bracket
Samm: Penniman
Laurence Copeland
Ensigne Twelves
Samm: Bass
Tho: Copeland
Wm Feild
Geo: Speere
Isaac Griffin
Moses Paine
Ebenezr Speere
Eleazr Ezyat
Edmd Sheffeild
Samm: Speere
Samm: Howard
Samm: Sheffeild
Samm: Savill
Samm: Bass Sr
Ioseph Addams Sr
Ebenezr Haidon
Edmd Quinsey
Ioseph Addams Ir
Stevn Paine Sr
Hen: Neale Sr
Ino Addams
Stevn Paine Ir
Hen: Neale Ir
Ino Ruggles
Neh: Haidon
Ioseph Neale
Robt Parmiter
Ino Newcomb Sr
Ionath: Haiden [549]
Ioseph Parmiter
Ino Newcomb Ir
Ioseph Crosbey
Tho: White
Samm: Newcomb
Christophr Webb
Fran: Nash
Tho: Scilley
Iohn Webb
Ino Hardman
Edw: Scilley
Samm: Webb
Amos Sheffeild
Ino French Sr
Wm Owen
Ioseph Aldridge
Ino French Ir
Ebenezr Owen
Ioseph Clarke
Dependance French
Nath: Owen
Wm Veazey
Wm French
Alexandr Marsh
Ino Penniman
Tho: French
Robert Love
Danll Levingstone
Sam: French
Nath: Aterey
Ephraim Pray
Ino Mott
Moses Belcher
Tho: Thayer Senr
Samm. Nile
Peter Webb
Tho: Thayer Iunr
Samm: Bass Ir
Samm: Fishr Sr
Jno Thayer
Ri: Thayer Senr
Samm: Fisher Ir
Ino Aldrige
Ioseph Bromen
Robt Feild
Increase Nile
Ri: Thayer Iunr
Benjn Scott
Caleb Hubbard
Nath: Thayer
Iohn Hore
Ioshua Hubbard
Isaac Thayer
Iohn Man
Dennis Darby
Ferdinando Thay’r
Iohn Heferd
Tho: Faxon
Iona Thayer
Iohn Lamb
Ino Harbour
Iosia Faxon
Iohn Haiden Sr
Matthias Puffer
Robt Taft
Wm Veazey Sr
Iosia Chapin
Samm: Neale
Solomon Veazey
Samm: Chapin
Christophr Dyer
Peter Scott
Tho: Holbrooke Sr
Martin Sanders
Wm Nitingale
Ino Bateman
Samm: Paine
David Walsbee
Submit Plumley
Jno Copland
Barnaby Derifeild
Ioseph Plumley
Samm: Curtis
Samm: Spencer
Ioseph Arnall
Theoph: Curtis
Samm: Irons
Samm: Arnall
Iona Padleford
Tho: Bass
Solomn Curtis
Nath: Wales
Ino Savell
Wm Calland
Ioseph Allin
Wm Savell
Edw: Linsford
Iona Howard
Benjn Savell
Benjn Tompson
Ino Bass Ir
Iohn Baxter
Ioseph Bass
Ino Woodland
Iames Bracket
Ino Bass Senr
Tho: Holbrooke
The Names of such persons in Waymouth who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
mr Sam: Torrey
Iohn Humphry
Tho: Reed
Elder Edw: Bate
Iames Smith
Iohn Reed
Deacon Iohn Whitman
Nathanll Smith
Philip Reed
Deacon Ionas Humphry
Iona Torrey
Iames Reed
Capt Wm Torrey
Cornels Fisher Senr
Philip King
Lt Ino Holbrooke
Cornels Fisher Ir
Tho: King
Serjt Ino Whitmarsh
Iohn Richards
Samll King
Serjt Samll White
Ioseph Richards
Hezekia King
Serjt Iohn Baily
William Richards
Iohn King junr
Serjt Ino Vining
Iames Richards
Richd Phillips
Iames Luddon Senr
Benja Richards
Ioshua Philips Senr
Steven French Senr
Ioshua Phillips jr
Iohn Bicknel
Ino Staple Senr
Remember Briggs
Henry Cole
Tho: Dun
Abiah White
Ino Whitman
Richd Bolter
Ioseph Green Sr
Ephr Hunt junr
Ino Shaw Senr
Ioseph Green Ir
Iohn Hunt
Wm Torrey junr
Iohn Green
Wm Hunt
Ino Luddon
Ioseph Dyar
Enoch Hunt
Ioseph Pitty
Iohn Blanchard
Matthew Pratt
Samll Pitty
Saundere
Iohn Pratt
Wm Pitty junr
Nico Whitmarsh
Samll Pratt
Steven French Ir
Simon Whitmarsh
Wm Pratt
Tho: White
Iohn Whitmarsh jur
Ioseph Pratt
Ephr Hunt Senior
Ebenezr Whitmarsh
Increase Bate
Tho: Baily Senior
Tho: Baily junr
Edw: Bate
Iohn Harding
Wm Holbrooke junr
Iohn Vinson
Richd Porter
Tho: Bailey junr
Iohn Porter
Iohn King Senr
Sam: Holbrooke
Nathanll Sale
Wm Richards Senr
Peter Holbrooke
Ino Rogers
Andrew Foord Senr
Ichabod Holbrooke
Ebenezr White
Wm Pitty Senr
Iames Nash
Edw: Kingman
Edw: Sale
Iacob Nash
Tho: Kingman
Wm Holbrooke Senr
Ino Staple junr
Ino Kingman
Robt Randoll
Sam: Bagley
Iohn Leonard
Ion Burrell Senr
Iohn Hollis
Isaac Leonard
Andrew Foord junr
Isaac Pool
Iacob Leonard
Iames Foord
Ioseph Pool
Richd Rust
Nathanll Foord
Iohn Pool
Iohn Tayler
Samll Foord
Wm Turrel
Wm Manley
Ebenezr Foord
Richd Barnard
Iames Lovel
Samll Humphry
Jno Gregory
Jno Vining junr
Nathanll Humphry
Robert Corbet
Iames Levinstone [550]
Ionas Humphrey Ir
Wm Reed
The Names of the Male persons in Hingham who tooke the oath of Allegiance.
Capta Hobart
David Stowell
Iohn Wilder
Enock Hobart
Ino Chubbuck
Ino Tower
Wm Gustin
Francis Gardner
Benjn Lincoln
Antho Berry
Ion Tucker
Iames Gardner
Tho: Gill
Nicholas Bond
Israel Fering
Tho: Gill junr
mr John Norton
Iohn Fering
Samll Gill
David Hobart
Tho: Marsh
Peter Lane
Iosia Lane
Ephraim Marsh
Tho: Hobart
Moses Collier
Iohn Lane
Moses Hobart
Ioshua Lincoln
Ephrm Lane
Ephrm Nicolls
Tho: Lincoln
Caleb Lincoln
Tho: Lincoln
Henry Ward
Tho: Lincoln junr
Ioshua Beale
Sam: Stowell
Robert Waterman
Caleb Beale
Sam: Stowell junr
Tho: Nicolls
Ino Langlee
Iohn Stowell
Nathanll Nicolls
Arthur Caman
Iohn Stowell
Iames Hersee
Ino Beale Sr
Tho: Iewell
Wm Hersee
Ino Beale Ir
Simon Gross
Wm Hersee junr
Stephen Lincoln
Richd Woode
Sam: Bate
Sam: Lincoln
Danll Lincoln
Ioseph Bate
Edmd Pitts
Sam: Lincoln junr
Ioseph Bate Ir
Iosia Loring
Isaac Pitts
Mordecai Lincoln
Matthew Whitton
Iohn Cutler
Iohn Thaxter
Samll Thaxter
Nathll Beale Ir
Wm Woodcocke
Andrew Lane
Joseph Ioy
Danll Stoddard
Mathias Briggs
Iohn Prince
Josia Hilman
Ierm: Cushen
Ino Record
Pe: Barnes
Lt Iohn Smith
Danll Cushen Ir
Dan: Cushen
Francis Iames
Iohn Smith
Theoph: Cushen
Ino Mansfeild
Phillip Iames
Gregor Driver
Nathan Pharo
Iohn Mansfeild Ir
Iohn Ripley
Ieremiah Beale
Iames Bate
Nathll Baker
Ino Chamberly’n
Iohn Beale
Ioseph Bate
Iosia Levit
Purde Magvarloe
Lazarus Beale
Iohn Ashdon
Ioshua Ripley
Iames Bable
Iames Ray
Timo Huitt
Israel Levit
Ino Burr
William King
Tho: Sayer
Sam: Nickolson
Cornels Cantlebury
Simon Burr
Benjn Iones
Anto Sprague
Mathew Cushing
Iohn Lazell
Iohn Sprague
Ioseph Iones
Abram. Ripley
Ioshua Lazell
Wm Sprague
Enoch Whitton
Abram. Ripley Ir
Steven Lazell
Stevn Gardner
Tho: Whitton
Iames Whitton
Peter Bacon
Humpr Iohnson
Nathll Chubbuck
Iohn Iacob
Sam: Bacon
Benjn Johnson
Ephr Wilder
Wm Fisher
Tho: Coome
Iohn Luis
Iacob Beale
Simon Burr junr
Isaac Wilder
Sam: Bagle
Cornels Cantlebury Ir
Iohn Tower junr
Nathll Beale
Ioseph Iones junr
Ioshua Hobart marr
Silvanus White
Benjn Iones Sr
Christophr Cooke
Ioseph Andrews
Isaac Lazell
Edmund Hobart
Paul Gilford
Iames Whitton Ir
Daniel Hobart
Samll Stoddard
Ino Gardner
Samll Hobart
Ierm: Beale
Robt Dunbar
Tho: Lincoln
Benjn Whipple
Ioseph Iacob
Ioseph Lincoln
Peter Cushen
Edw: Wilder
Geo: Lane
Mathew Cushen
Iabez Wilder
Ebenezr Lane
Iames Hauke
Benjn Tower [551]
Daniel Lincoln Sr
Iohn Ripley Ir
Samll Tower
Daniel Lincoln Ir
Ioseph Loring
Ibrooke Tower
Iames Hersee junr
Benjn Bate
Iohn Angel
Ino Hersee Senr
Iohn Low
Wm Hilliard
Ino Hersee junr
Iohn Pharo
Iohn Stodder
Joshua Lane
Iohn Levit
Iohn Bull
John Lane
Ioseph Ford
Gilbert Foresight
The Names of the Male Persons in Hull, who tooke the oath of Allegiance.
mr Whitman
Israel Vickery
Iohn Benne
Isaac Cole
Ion Chamberlyn
Isaac Prince
Isaac Lobdell
Iohn Simons
Isaac Lobdell Ir
Tho: Iones
Robert Milton
Richd Stubbs
Luke Squire
Nathanll Chamberlyn
Iohn Benson Ir
Natha Bozworth Ir
Ioseph Benson
Tho: Collier Ir
Benjn Chamberlyn
Robert Gold
Christophr Wheeton
Tho: Iones Iunr
Serjt Benjn Bosworth
Geo: Phippeny
Ioseph Bosworth
Benjn Bosworth
Edw: Bosworth
Robert Coomes
Cha: Kemball
Deacn Nath: Bosworth
Geo: Vickery Senr
Abraham Iones
Wm Chamberlyn
Tho: Prince
Benjn Lovrell
Ino Benson Senr
Hen: Chamberlyn
Bellima Bozworth
Iohn Collier
Sam: Baker
Abram: Iones Ir
Iames Cheevers
Ieremia Bosworth
The Names of the Male Persons in Dedham who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
mr Wm Addams
Elder Ion Hunting
Eleazr Kingsbury
Andrew Dewing
Sam: Mills
Michael Metcalfe
Benjn Mills
Sam: Barbur
Robert Ware Iunr
Iohn Fuller
Iohn Rice Senr
Ephraim Ware
John Rice Iunr
Tho: Alderidge
Iohn Paine
Peter Negro
Sam: Aldridge
Ensigne Tho: Fuller
Benjn Fuller
Sam: Fuller
Ioseph Fairbank
Iohn Eaton
Tho: Fuller
Benjn Fairbank
Ioseph Kingsberry
Iohn Smith
Iames Mackanah
Edwd Richards
Nathanll Eaton
Nile Mackiah
Iames Fuller
Nathanll Richards
Iosia Fisher
Ephraim Wilson
Henry Wilson
Iona Freeman
Iohn Gay Senr
Nathanll Bullard
Ino Farrington
Ionathn Gay
Iohn Gay Iunr
Nathll Farrington
Iohn Pond
Serjt Daniel Pond
Abram. Wheeler
Amos Fisher
Ephraim Pond
Robt Fuller
Iohn Fisher
Serjt Henry Wight
Serjt Tho: Metcalfe
Tho: Battellee
Ioseph Wight
Richd Puffer
Iohn Battelle
Daniel Wight
Iohn Guile Senr
Ionathn Battelle
Benjn Wight
Samll Guile
Iohn Homes
Ionathan Wight
Benjn Onion
Nathanll Checkering
Daniel Fisher
Lt Nathll Sternes
Daniel Hawse
Edward Haws
Iohn Everitt
Iohn Haws
Tho: Fisher
Samll Everitt
Iohn Hunting
Robert Allin
Tho: Clap
Samll Sheers Senr
Tho: Jordan
Iames Vales Iunr
Samll Sheers Iunr
Tho: Hall
Iohn Vales
Samll Gay
William Deane
Isaac Chinery
Robt Avery
Ino Thurston
Amos Blake
Iohn Day
Henry Lane
Serjt Ri: Ellice
Ralph Day
Nathanll Gay
John Ellice
Iohn Bacon Senr
Eliazar Gay
Wm Avery Iunr
Iohn Bacon Ir
Iames Parker
Iohn Fairbanke Sr
Daniel Bakon
Iohn Mason
Iohn Fairbanke Ir
Iohn Baker
Nathanll Kingsberry
Sam: Bullard
Vigilance Fisher
Iohn Deane
Iona Metcalfe
Nathanll Coleburn Sr
Asahel Smith
Iona Fairebanke
Nathll Coleburn Ir
Ioshua Fisher
Ion Guile Iunr
Iohn Coleburn
Iohn Richards
Iames Grant
Samll Coleburn
Elice Wood
Iona Fuller
Benjn Coleburn
Ioseph Newberry
Eliezar Farrington
Ioseph Coleburn
Samll Whiting
Peter Woodward Sr
Iedidia Everett
Geo: Bearsto
Peter Woodward Ir
Deacon Ino Aldis
Tho: Paine Ir
Ri: Everitt
Iohn Aldis Iunr
Iohn Ware
Iames Thorpe Senr
Daniel Aldis
Hezekiah Peck
Iames Thorpe Iunr
Nathanll Ware
Ezra Morse
Ion Mackintosh
Ralph Freeman Ir
Tho: Herring
Iames Mackerwither
Nathll Whiting
Iames Herring
Ralph Freeman Sr
Timo Whiting
Iohn Herring [552]
David Freeman
Eliezar Metcalfe
Cornt Timo Dwight
Iohn Pidge
Robert Ware Senr
Iohn Dwight
Iames Vales Senr
Sam: Ware
Dr Wm Avery
Nathll Haws
Tho: Paine Senr
Ionathn Avery
Wm Mackeny Sr
Tho: Hockinton
Samll Parker
Wm Mackeny Ir
Medfeild Males who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
mr Ino Wilson Sr
Ino Hammond
Samll Tumor
mr Ralph Wheelock
Ephm Clarke
Eliezar Adams
Capt Barbur
Sam: Bullin Ir
Iohn Adams
Serjt T: Thurston
Ioseph Bullin
Iasper Adams
Ioseph Clarke Sr
Tho: Thurston Ir
Henry Adams
Ino Turner Sr
Sam: Barbar
Zechariah Barbar
Francis Hammond
Iohn Wilson P
Iohn Gipson
Nico Rocket
Sam: Wheelock
Peter Adams Ir
Alexandr Lovet
Eliazr Wheelock
Iona Adams Ir
Wm Partridge
Samll Ellice
Ioseph Bullard Sr
Ino Partridge Sr
Ioseph Ellice
Iohn Plimpton
Iona Adams Sr
Iohn Adams Ir
Ioseph Plimpton
Sam: Morss
Elisha Adams
Ioseph Rocket
Danll Thurston
Sam: Sheppard
Ioseph Medcalfe
Iona Boyden
Iohn Cooke
Benjn Wheelocks
Benjn Clarke
Sam: Cooke
Walter Cooke
Seth Smith
Abram. Harding
Geo: Fairbanks junr
Serjt Ino Harding
Ino Ellice P
Iohn Richardson
Ino Ellice Senr
Ioseph Daniel
Wm Allin
Ino Medcalfe Senr
Iosia Rocket
Vincent Shuttleworth
Henry Smith
Ioseph Morss Sr
Ion Medcalfe Iunr
Tho: Boyden
Ino Warfeild Sr
Michael Medcalfe
Peter Addams Sr
Jno Warfeild Ir
Benf Fiske
Edwd Addams
Sam: Rockett
Iohn Bullin
Ino Thurston P
Benjn Rockett
Iohn Barbar
Tho: Ellis
Sam: Wight
Nathll Partridge
Iohn Pratt
Gershom Wheelocke
Ino Partridge Ir
Ioseph Cheeny
Iohn Fisher
Tho: Wight
Martin Phillips
Robert Mason
Ephraim Wight
Samll Smith
Iohn Rocket
Ioseph Warren
Ieremiah Morss
Ioseph Allin
Gamaliel Hinsdell
Nathanll Allin
Iames Vale Senr
Martin Iowles
Iohn Allin
Wm Mackeny Sr
Iohn Smith
Iohn Clarke
Isaac Chenery Sr
Ino Vale
Nathanll Clarke
Isaac Chenery Ir
Wm Mackeny Ir
Iames Allin
Iohn Turnor junr
Nathll Haws
Ioseph Clarke Ir
Isaac Turnor
Sherborn Males who have taken the oath of Allegiance.
Danll Morse Sr
Sam: Fisher [553]
Hopestill Lealand
Danll Morse Ir
Iohn Eames
Ebenezr Lealand
obadia Morse
Iohn Death
Tho: Starbucke
Ionathll Morse
Sam: Bullin
Iohn Hill Senr
Tho: Eames
Ephrm Bullin
Sam: Hill
Iohn Perry
Eleazr Wood
Benjn Bullard
Nathanll Morse
Hen: Lealand
Geo: Fairbanke
Eliazar Fairbanke
Tho: Holbrooke Sr
Iohn Bricke
Ioseph Twitchell
Tho: Holbrooke Ir
Moses Adams
Benjn Twitchell Ir
Eliezr Holbrooke
Ionathn Fairbanke
Tho:Gleasen
Tho: Bricke
Benjn Twitchell Sr
Zach: Paddleford
Ebenezr Hill
Wm Sheffeild
Elisha Bullin
Iohn Hill junr
Zachary Buckminstr Michael Wilson
The foregoing Lists of the severall Towns within the County of Suffolke (all excepting Boston) were Returned unto me by the Worppll Ioseph Dudley Esqr Assist, who informed me that the persons therein named, had taken the oath of Allegiance to his Majesty; being Administred unto them by himselfe.
attests. Isa Addington Cler. [554]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whiteway
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Newfoundland politician (1828–1908)
For other people named William Whiteway, see William Whiteway (disambiguation).
Sir William Vallance Whiteway, (April 1, 1828 – June 24, 1908) was a politician and three time Premier of Newfoundland.
Life and career
[edit]
Born in Littlehempston, Devon, England,[1] Whiteway emigrated to Newfoundland in 1843 and entered the law in 1852. In 1859 he was elected to the House of Assembly as a member of the Conservative Party of Newfoundland and became a supporter of Canadian confederation. He lost his seat in the 1869 election on confederation but returned in 1874 and served as Solicitor-General in the government of Sir Frederick Carter before becoming Premier in 1878 when he succeeded Carter as leader of the Conservatives. He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1865. While serving as Solicitor-General, Whiteway was one of the counsel representing the British Government before the Halifax Fisheries Commission, which adjudicated a dispute over north Atlantic fishing rights between the British Empire and the United States. The Commission gave an award of $5,500,000 to be paid by the United States to the British Government.[2] Newfoundland received $1,000,000 as its share of the award.
Whiteway's major policy ambition was the construction of the transinsular railway spanning the island which was begun in 1881 and which he believed would spur economic development of the colony. In 1885 his Conservative party was destroyed by sectarian riots, known as The Harbour Grace Affray, at Harbour Grace which resulted in several Protestants leaving the Whiteway government in protest over its conciliatory attitude towards Catholics. Leading the dissenters was James Spearman Winter, Whiteway's Solicitor-General and grand master of Newfoundland's Orange Order.
The Orangemen joined with Robert Thorburn, an opponent of Whiteway's railway who felt that the colony should focus on the fishery, to form the Reform Party and win the 1885 election on a Protestant Rights platform.
In Opposition Whiteway founded a new Liberal Party of Newfoundland which won office in 1889 returning Whiteway as Premier on the issue of the railway. His government was forced to resign in 1894, however, due to allegations of electoral corruption in the previous year's election.[citation needed]
The Tories had argued that Whiteway's Liberals had promised jobs to Newfoundlanders who voted for him and filed petitions in the Supreme Court under the Corrupt Practices Act against fifteen Liberal members of the House alleging bribery and corruption. The members were tried and found guilty and their seats were declared vacant. On April 3, 1894, while the trials were still underway, Whiteway asked Governor of Newfoundland Sir Herbert Murray to dissolve the House of Assembly for a new election. The Governor refused and asked the Tory leader, Augustus F. Goodridge to form a government despite the fact that the Tories had only 12 seats to 21 for the Liberals. As Liberal seats were declared vacant due to guilty verdicts the standings in the House at the end of the process in August were 8 Conservatives, 9 Liberals and 19 vacancies. Whiteway himself had been found guilty, his seat declared vacant, and under the provisions of the law, he was barred from seeking election to the House of Assembly or sitting in government.[citation needed]
The Governor enabled Goodridge to remain in office by continually proroguing the House in order to prevent the government's fall through a Motion of No Confidence.[citation needed]
By-elections were held throughout the fall in which the Liberals retained the seats they had been disbarred from, losing just two, while picking up two from the Conservatives in return. The last by-election was held on November 12, 1894, a full year after the general election. In the interim, 21 by-elections had been held, resulting in a virtual return to the status quo.
Goodridge remained as premier until December 12, 1894, two days after the failure of two banks crippled the economy. Daniel J. Greene, acting Liberal leader, was sworn in as premier the next day.[citation needed]
His government passed the Disabilities Removal Act, which allowed all those members who had been disqualified to run as candidates as well as sit in government. Greene then resigned so that Whiteway could be sworn in as premier for a third time. In the face of Newfoundland's financial crisis following the bank crash, Whiteway's government began a new round of negotiations with Canada to bring Newfoundland into confederation but the discussions were unsuccessful.[citation needed]
Whiteway's Liberals lost the 1897 election, resulting in his retirement from politics. He was succeeded as Liberal leader by Sir Robert Bond.[citation needed]
Family
[edit]
The Hon. William Vallance Whiteway, Q.C., married as his second wife, October 22, 1872, Catherine Anne Davies, daughter of W. H. Davies, of Pictou, Nova Scotia. The couple, who resided at Riverview, St. John's, Newfoundland had three sons and three daughters. One daughter, Harriet Louise Whiteway, married, June 2, 1897, Peers Davidson, son of the Hon. Mr. Justice Davidson, Montreal.[3]
References
[edit]
Hiller, J.K. (1994). "Whiteway, Sir William Vallance". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Political offices Preceded by
Sir Frederick Carter
Premier of Newfoundland
1878–1885 Succeeded by
Sir Robert Thorburn
Preceded by
Sir Robert Thorburn
Premier of Newfoundland
1889–1894 Succeeded by Preceded by Premier of Newfoundland
1895–1897 Succeeded by
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE, lawyer and politician; b. 1 April 1828 at Buckyett, near Totnes, in Devon, England, youngest son of Thomas Whiteway and Elizabeth Vallance; m. first 1862 Mary Lightbourne of Bermuda (d. 1868), and they had a daughter; m. secondly 1872 Catherine Anne Davies of Pictou, N.S., and they had six children; d. 24 June 1908 in St John’s.
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE, lawyer and politician; b. 1 April 1828 at Buckyett, near Totnes, in Devon, England, youngest son of Thomas Whiteway and Elizabeth Vallance; m. first 1862 Mary Lightbourne of Bermuda (d. 1868), and they had a daughter; m. secondly 1872 Catherine Anne Davies of Pictou, N.S., and they had six children; d. 24 June 1908 in St John’s.
Since the Whiteway family had long been connected with the Newfoundland trade, it was not unusual that William Whiteway should have been sent to St John’s in 1843, after an education at Tomes Grammar School and a private school in Newton Abbot. He was apprenticed to a merchant, but later decided to train for the law. He was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1852.
At the start of his career, Whiteway appears as a conventional enough figure. Closely allied with the mercantile élite, active in the Anglican church, and a keen mason, he supported the Conservative party led by Hugh William Hoyles*, and tended a prospering law practice. Among his clients was Charles James Fox Bennett*, one of the colony’s most prominent merchants and the promoter of its first copper mine, at Tilt Cove. When Whiteway entered politics in 1859 he ran under Bennett’s patronage in the district of Twillingate and Fogo, which included Tilt Cove. From this period dates his growing conviction that Newfoundland had considerable mineral and agricultural potential and his concern, as a member for a remote northern area, with improved year-round communications.
In 1865 Whiteway received tangible marks of favour from the new Conservative government of Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter* in the shape of a qc and the speakership of the House of Assembly. He was now a rising political star, having clearly stated his confederate sympathies soon after the publication of the Quebec terms in December 1864. His support for union with Canada outraged Bennett, who had emerged as the leading anti-confederate. Their acrimonious dispute diverted readers of the St John’s press, but seriously reduced Whiteway’s chances of re-election. In 1869 he and his running mate found themselves opposed by the combined influence of Bennett and the local merchant house, and were soundly defeated. The following year Bennett took over the premiership.
Whiteway’s support for confederation was based on his conviction that it would improve the colony’s chances for economic diversification and prosperity, while breaking down its isolation. Given his ambition, it can be supposed that he was also attracted by the prospect of a wider political stage. But after the defeat of confederation in 1869 he ceased actively to promote it and turned his attention to the colonial arena. Though temporarily out of the assembly, he remained involved in Conservative party affairs. He was a member of a ginger group determined to remove the Bennett government by fair means or foul. Thus the Conservatives began to combine assurances that confederation was dead with sectarian attacks on the government designed to remind Protestants of Bennett’s reliance on the Catholic vote. In the 1873 election Bennett’s majority was severely reduced, and Whiteway returned to the assembly as a member for Trinity Bay. Early in 1874 Carter resumed the premiership, Bennett’s majority having evaporated, and his party’s position was confirmed in an election that fall. Whiteway was appointed solicitor general in the new administration.
His major responsibility was the preparation of the Newfoundland case to be presented to the fisheries commission at Halifax in 1877 [see Sir Albert James Smith*]. This tribunal sat to assess the monetary value of the difference between the fishery privileges given Americans in British North American waters under the Treaty of Washington (1871) and those granted British subjects in American waters. Whiteway did most of the work for Newfoundland, producing a claim for $2,880,000 and arguing it ably before the tribunal. The colony was eventually awarded $1 million, which earned Whiteway the formal thanks of the legislature, and a knighthood in 1880. A major part of his case was the value to foreign banking fleets of access to Newfoundland bait supplies. He regarded bait afterwards as a potentially valuable bargaining lever not only with the Americans, but also with the French, whose presence at Saint-Pierre and on the west and northeast coasts of Newfoundland (the area known as the Treaty, or French, Shore) was a persistent irritant. Both Whiteway and Carter were convinced that the colony’s prosperity depended on a modification of France’s ancient rights, particularly since the surveys of Alexander Murray* had suggested that the Treaty Shore contained valuable natural resources. The Carter government pressed for powers to appoint magistrates and make land grants there, demands to which the Colonial Office reacted with extreme caution.
Whiteway’s frustration was such that, much to the annoyance of Governor Sir John Hawley Glover*, he began to drop remarks about the disadvantages of the imperial connection, and the advantages that might result from annexation to the United States. His comments were probably designed only to remind London of the colony’s dissatisfaction. In fact, throughout his career he was to voice his resentment of what he saw as the British government’s willingness to sacrifice Newfoundland’s interests to those of more powerful countries.
Whiteway assumed the premiership in April 1878, determined to make his mark and armed with ambitious plans. If Newfoundland’s future lay in the development of its land-based resources, then two things were necessary. First, a railway should be built across the island in order to open up the interior; and second, a deal had to be struck with the French which would allow the industrial development of the west coast. He also wanted to see St John’s grow into a major port, and advocated building a large dry dock there. These plans depended on the cooperation of the imperial government, which alone could deal with the French, and which, it was hoped, would assist in the railway and dock schemes for strategic reasons. Whiteway pressed his case in London in 1879. The Colonial Office was sympathetic, if only because Whiteway proved to be less intransigent than many Newfoundlanders on the subject of the French Shore. A meeting was arranged between him and the French foreign minister, where he impressed the British ambassador with his “ability, tact and indeed moderation.” But nothing concrete came of the interview, and the British government refused assistance for dock and railway building, on the grounds that these were works of domestic rather than imperial significance.
There were eventually some concessions from London. In 1881 the colonial government was granted sole authority to appoint magistrates on the French Shore and allowed to make conditional land grants there; and by the time of the 1882 election, settlers on the west coast were able to vote. This process of incorporating the shore into the colony’s administrative framework had started under Carter, and Whiteway would have liked to complement it by welding the two sides of the island together with his projected railway. But besides refusing financial assistance, the British government was reluctant to allow a terminus on the west coast. Whiteway fell back on a plan for an east coast railway which might in time form part of a trans-island line. His proposal that a narrow-gauge line be built from St John’s to Halls Bay was approved by the legislature in 1880. Tenders were called, a location survey was started, and a heated public debate sprang up that presaged new political divisions. The first rumblings of opposition came from among Whiteway’s Conservative supporters, as some of the larger fish merchants began to voice serious misgivings at “an experience so new, so expensive, so divergent from our ordinary habits and wants, and at the same time so irretrievable in its results for good or evil.” They feared that the scheme might well lead to colonial bankruptcy and confederation, and in the process severely harm their businesses.
Whiteway and his pro-railway supporters were not much worried, since they could count on the support of the Liberal opposition, now led by Joseph Ignatius Little. By early 1881 the government was considering two tenders, with Whiteway championing that submitted by Albert L. Blackman on behalf of a New York syndicate, a course that set him against Ambrose Shea, a leading Liberal who backed a Canadian tender. Governor Glover and others suspected that Whiteway was guilty of conflict of interest, alleging that Blackman’s capitalists were the same as those behind the recently formed Newfoundland Consolidated Copper Mining Company, of which Whiteway was a local director, and which stood to gain from the railway. The premier vehemently denied such accusations, and pushed the Blackman tender through the cabinet, and then through the legislature amid stormy debates that crystallized the new political alignments. Provoked by a merchants’ petition against the railway, he sounded a populist note by promising “to raise the working class to their proper position in the body politic.”
Under the name of the Newfoundland Railway Company the Blackman syndicate began work in 1881. The following year the syndicate made two further agreements with the government. The first was for a charter to build a direct, standard-gauge line across the island as part of a transatlantic “Short Line” system, and the second for a contract to construct a dry dock at St John’s. These three ambitious agreements were the central issue in the 1882 election. Whiteway’s Conservatives, now in open and formal alliance with the Liberals and trumpeting the virtues of the new “Policy of Progress,” faced an amorphous New party headed by James Johnstone Rogerson. This was merchant-oriented, exclusively Protestant, and had the difficult task of trying to persuade the voters that Whiteway’s policies were unwise and dangerous. It failed, and Whiteway won a large majority; his position seemed impregnable.
Yet Whiteway’s second ministry was to collapse within three years. The Blackman syndicate proved to be undercapitalized and inefficient. The railway company was in financial difficulties by late 1882, work on the main line halted in the spring of 1884, and bankruptcy soon followed. The dock contract was transferred to another concern, and the direct line was never started. Moreover, the colony moved into a period of profound economic crisis. The New party regrouped for a concerted attack, arguing that potentially expensive schemes such as the railway should be suspended, and attention concentrated on the fishery, which was suffering from severe competition in European saltfish markets. Believing that a major cause of the difficulties was the expansion of the subsidized French fishery on the Grand Banks, the New party advocated attacking the French bankers by preventing the export of bait fishes from Newfoundland’s south coast. In contrast, Whiteway’s view was still that the development of the interior and the west coast was of primary importance, and that a deal with the French was preferable to economic warfare. Indeed, by 1883–84 the Whiteway government and the Colonial Office were discussing an agreement whereby the French would loosen their hold on the Treaty Shore in return for access to Newfoundland bait. A draft convention on this basis was subsequently accepted by France. To the New party this was a suicidal policy. Its leaders began to mobilize Protestant opinion against Whiteway’s reliance on Catholic support.
This strategy was aided by religious tensions aroused in the wake of an affray at Harbour Grace in December 1883. Nineteen Catholics were arrested and charged with the murder of four Orangemen. Their acquittal in two trials, in which Whiteway led the prosecution, destroyed the Conservative-Liberal coalition. Early in 1885 Orangemen in the assembly moved an amendment which referred to the trials as a “disgraceful failure of justice.” Whiteway’s subsequent behaviour was conditioned by his desire for political survival and also by a latent anti-Catholicism. He appears to have calculated that his best chance lay in jettisoning his Catholic supporters and making a bid for the leadership of a united Protestant party. He therefore drafted an amendment which avoided criticizing the Supreme Court but nevertheless contained wording offensive to Catholics. His Catholic supporters – including Shea and Robert John Kent* – were forced into opposition, but Whiteway was unable to obtain the leadership of a Protestant party. Instead, a series of Byzantine moves resulted in the formation of the Reform party under the compromise leadership of Robert Thorburn. Whiteway resigned the premiership early in October 1885, and did not run in the election which followed. The agreed price was a seat on the Legislative Council and the reversion of the chief justiceship. Whiteway was widely criticized for abandoning his party and for weakness in not contesting the election, and with some justification. But it should be remembered that by the fall of 1885 he was politically isolated and that electioneering would have done him little good.
Whiteway received a seat neither on the bench nor in the upper house, and was soon moving restlessly in the wings. Nevertheless, he seems to have been ambivalent about an early return to public life. In July 1887 Robert Bond* and Alfred Bishop Morine*, who were sitting in opposition as independent Whitewayites, bluntly demanded that he make tip his mind whether to enter active politics again; if not, they would either seek other allies or retire. In September Whiteway announced his return.
If Bond looked to Whiteway to lead a revived party, Morine, a devious Nova Scotian, was more interested in obtaining his acquiescence in an elaborate scheme to bring Newfoundland into confederation. At Morine’s prompting Sir Charles Tupper* visited St John’s in October 1887, and he raised the matter with the Thorburn government and with Bond and Whiteway, both of whom apparently indicated that they were sympathetic. There was hope that confederation might be carried by a coalition of the Whiteway party and a confederate faction within the Reform party whose most prominent member was James Spearman Winter*. The plot collapsed in 1888 when Bond concluded that for the party to associate itself with confederation would be unwise, and exerted pressure on Whiteway to resist Morine’s influence. Tupper told Sir John A. Macdonald* that Whiteway’s change of mind had killed confederation, and it had certainly been an important factor. But it was by no means the only one; few Newfoundland politicians would risk their careers for the sake of union with Canada.
Whiteway could have contested a by-election that fall and returned to the assembly. He chose not to do so, and concentrated on building a party for the 1889 election. Since the old Catholic Liberal party had finally expired in 1886, Whiteway now appropriated the Liberal label. But his manifesto and slogans were direct descendants of the Conservative campaigns of 1878 and 1882. “Vote for the Friend of the Workingman and the Apostle of Progress,” shouted the Evening Telegram. The attractiveness of the Liberal campaign, with its pledge to complete the railway, combined with the unpopularity of the Reform government gave Whiteway a substantial victory. This was the first Newfoundland general election in which the secret ballot was used, and contemporaries thought that it allowed the expression of a class prejudice to which the Liberals appealed with their anti-mercantile broadsides.
The election took place early in November, but it was more than a month before Whiteway took over. Though his party and cabinet were composed of relatively inexperienced men – he alone had held executive office – Whiteway was no longer the energetic and dominant force that he had once been. The collapse of his previous government and his time out of active politics seem to have left him more of a trimmer, and reliant on such colleagues as Bond and Augustus William Harvey. His party was prone to factionalism, and as a result the government tended to lack decisiveness, particularly in handling difficult external affairs. The New party’s rejection of the draft French Shore convention negotiated by Whiteway and the enforcement of the Bait Act of 1887 [see Thorburn] had ushered in an acute period of disputes over the Treaty Shore. The central issue now was whether the French – or any fishermen for that matter – had the right to take and can lobsters there. The British government from past experience thought that Whiteway would prove more conciliatory than his predecessors. Instead it found him just as obstinate. There were two reasons. Within the party Bond and Harvey exerted considerable influence, and both opposed further concessions to the French. Outside it, the Reform party formed the Patriotic Association expressly to embarrass the new government by beating the patriotic drum. The occasion was the signature of an Anglo-French modus vivendi in March 1890 to govern the lobster fishery which, in its final form, had not received colonial approval, and which appeared to make concessions to France. The situation was complicated by the realization that no legislation existed authorizing the British government to enforce the French Shore treaties.
The Colonial Office tried to persuade Newfoundland to pass the necessary bill, but any chance of cooperation was scuttled when, bending to Canadian pressure, the British government refused to allow a draft reciprocity treaty that Bond negotiated with the United States late in 1890. Never enthusiastic about reciprocity, Whiteway none the less joined in the furious protests which emanated from St John’s, and his government retaliated by refusing to grant bait licences to Canadian vessels.
The Canadians reacted by once again floating the idea of confederation, but to no avail. In London, the imperial government prepared to pass legislation enforcing the French treaties. The Newfoundland legislature at once dispatched a delegation, headed by Whiteway, charged with preventing the passage of what was known locally and evocatively as the “Coercion Bill.” On 23 April 1891 Whiteway addressed the House of Lords in an able speech which was apparently well received. His offer to adopt temporary legislation for the 1891 season while the terms of a permanent act were settled was eventually accepted, though it proved difficult to persuade the legislature in St John’s, where Bond was in full patriotic cry, that this was the best available compromise. There was, however, no settlement of the dispute with Canada, and in December 1891 a tariff war began between the two neighbours.
If the House of Lords speech had been one of Whiteway’s finer moments, the 1892 session saw what was probably his greatest humiliation. His cabinet refused to adopt as a government or party measure the draft permanent bill that he had spent much of the previous summer negotiating in Britain. Deserted by his colleagues and by all members of the London delegation except Harvey, he had to introduce the bill as a personal measure. It was defeated on the grounds that it conceded too much to the French and froze a situation which it was to the colony’s advantage to keep fluid. Whiteway’s argument that the house was reneging on a commitment was ignored, as was his warning that its intransigence would doom the planned imperial guarantee for a Newfoundland development loan. Whiteway never forgave Bond for his prominent role in this affair.
It must have given him some bleak satisfaction, then, that the 1892 session saw an end to Bond’s policy of retaliation against Canada. The two governments agreed to resume the status quo ante pending a conference to discuss outstanding disputes. A meeting at Halifax in November 1892 achieved little, however. The Newfoundland side, headed by Whiteway, refused to discuss confederation; and the Canadians refused to drop their objections to Newfoundland’s negotiating a separate reciprocity treaty. Newfoundland learned that in its external affairs its policies were to be subordinate to Canadian as well as imperial interests, a lesson which Whiteway much resented.
Outside élite political circles the arcana of external relations had little relevance. Far more important to most voters was the fact that the Whiteway government had delivered on its promise to resume railway building. In 1890 a contract had been signed with Robert Gillespie Reid of Montreal to complete the line to Halls Bay. In 1893 the government concluded two further contracts with Reid, which provided for the continuation of the railway to Port aux Basques (Channel-Port aux Basques), on the west coast, and that Reid would operate the system for ten years. The rebuilding of St John’s after the great fire of 1892 (which had destroyed Whiteway’s law office) also contributed to maintaining relatively high levels of employment. As a result, though the government was subject to serious internal strains, it stood to win the 1893 election if it held together. Since Whiteway was a popular figure with the electorate, there was no challenge to his leadership. The campaign was expensive and bitter, but the Liberals won with a comfortable majority.
The opposition Tories were now guided in matters of strategy by Morine. Early in 1894 they counterattacked by filing petitions alleging corrupt practice against Whiteway and 16 other Liberals. The judgement in the first case to be heard unseated two Liberals on the grounds that they had manipulated public funds to influence voters. Whiteway was outraged that normal practice should be judged corrupt practice, and realized that all those petitioned against were likely to lose their seats. He therefore asked Governor Sir John Terence Nicholls O’Brien to agree either to a bill indemnifying those petitioned against or to a dissolution. O’Brien refused to intervene, and on 11 April the Whiteway government resigned, to be replaced by a minority Tory administration led by Augustus Frederick Goodridge. Though supply had not been passed, the legislature was prorogued indefinitely while the court worked its way through the petitions.
Whiteway’s behaviour over the next few months was less than dignified; indeed, O’Brien reported a rumour that “through rage and vindictiveness Sir W. Whiteway has gone off his head.” In mid June Whiteway led a mob along Water Street in St John’s to demonstrate against the collection of customs duties after the supply legislation had expired. Violence was averted only by the arrival of mounted police. This incident marked the high point of political tension, which thereafter subsided. The government lost a temporary majority achieved once the election trials were over, since by-elections in the fall returned Liberal members – though not those who had been unseated, including Whiteway, for they were disqualified from sitting in the existing house. The Tories hung on until December, when they resigned following the crash of the two local banks [see James Goodfellow*]. A Liberal administration was formed by Daniel Joseph Greene, which in turn introduced legislation to remove the disqualifications from the unseated members. Once this had been approved by a humiliated governor, Greene resigned. By 8 Feb. 1895 Whiteway had formed a government. He eventually found himself a vacant seat representing Harbour Grace.
The country’s situation was desperate. The bank crash caused a severe if temporary disruption in trade, and the government was on the verge of bankruptcy. Unable to raise a loan, and unwilling to submit to an inquiry by royal commission which was the prerequisite for imperial aid, the Whiteway government dispatched a delegation to Ottawa in late March to discuss confederation. It was led by Bond, Whiteway apparently suffering from “severe nervous depression and internal complications” caused by mental strain and overwork: hardly surprising, given the events of the previous year and his loss of $26,000 in the bank crash. The negotiations foundered on British parsimony and Canadian caution. In a final attempt to stave off default and imperial intervention, Bond set off for Montreal to try to raise a loan. Aided by R. G. Reid, he managed what many had thought impossible: his success clearly marked him out as the successor to the 67-year-old Whiteway.
The Liberal government’s political position deteriorated over the next two years. The economic situation remained difficult, and sorting out the implications of the bank crash proved to be lengthy and controversial. The senior members of the party were divided, the new governor, Sir Herbert Harley Murray, was hostile, and morale seems to have collapsed. While Whiteway was in London in 1897 for Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee celebrations and the Colonial Conference, Bond and Edward Patrick Morris* did little if any organizing for the election to be held that fall. In the event the Liberals trotted out much the same propaganda as in previous contests. This time it was not enough. The railway was virtually complete, the price of fish was at its lowest point for 45 years, and promises of a new Newfoundland seemed hollow. The Tories under James S. Winter ran an imaginative campaign and won a comfortable majority. Whiteway was defeated in his old district of Trinity Bay.
Whiteway did not retire with grace and dignity. He remained titular head of the Liberal party until October 1899 when Bond, who had been leading it in the assembly, took over in confused circumstances, some claiming that the old man went voluntarily, others that he had been knifed. In any case, it did not take long for Whiteway to open hostilities once Bond became premier in 1900. He launched a lawsuit claiming $21,000 from the government for various services performed over many years, and in November 1901 let it be known that he intended to return to public life. His support of a Tory candidate at a by-election in 1902 showed that he would be opposing the government, ostensibly because of the way in which Bond had handled the revision of the unpopular railway contract that Winter and Morine had negotiated with Reid in 1898. However, it is hard to escape the conclusion that Whiteway was driven by a deep-seated personal resentment against Bond and his former party. He criticized the terms of the French Shore settlement of 1904, as well as Bond’s forest policies. Unable to come to terms with other opposition groups, he prepared to lead an independent party in the 1904 election. Eventually he did amalgamate his following with others in the United Opposition party, which ran several former premiers as candidates. The party and all the ex-premiers were defeated; and, in a sad end to his career, Whiteway came bottom of the poll at Harbour Grace.
There was sadness in his personal life as well. In 1899 his daughter by his first marriage had died in South Africa, where he travelled to fetch the body home. Between 1905 and 1908 three of the six children of his second marriage passed away. In the latter year Whiteway himself died at the age of 80 after half a century in public life, and 14 years as a premier, a record unmatched by any other Newfoundland politician in the pre-confederation period.
The principal monument to Whiteway’s contributions was, until the rails were taken up in 1989, the Newfoundland Railway. A central and consistent theme of his career was his conviction that the Newfoundland economy could be diversified through the development of land-based natural resources, and that the indispensable key was the construction of a railway through the interior. His determination in the face of widespread hostility and suspicion ensured that the railway was built, and that St John’s received its first dry dock. A linked concern was a new French Shore agreement which would allow economic development on the island’s west coast. Whiteway showed considerable skill in obtaining concessions from London and in negotiating the draft Anglo-French convention of 1885. His policies foundered in the mid 1880s with the crisis that engulfed the Newfoundland economy during the last 20 years of the 19th century, and thereafter he became a less confident leader. His governments were characterized by dissension., and he was himself frequently criticized for weakness. By the early 1890s he would have liked to have left politics to become chief justice or a colonial governor. Neither position came his way, however, and being reluctant to retire simply to practice law, he carried on to a humiliating defeat and an embittered old age. There were those who reckoned that Whiteway stayed on because of the opportunity to make money – an accusation supported by an estate valued in 1908 at $76,000 in spite of his losses in the bank crash – and because he liked popular acclaim. True though these observations may be, it should not be forgotten that Whiteway had a genuine if overly optimistic vision of Newfoundland’s future; and that behind the public bitterness of his later years was a man who, in his personal life, was well liked for his charm, humour, and geniality, and for his long service to the Anglican church and the masonic order. Not brilliant as a lawyer or politician, and with ambitions that outstripped his abilities, Whiteway nevertheless made a significant mark on Newfoundland’s history, if only because he was the first to articulate visions of future prosperity that became the common coin of many politicians who followed him, including Joseph Roberts Smallwood*, who clearly saw himself as part of the Liberal tradition that Whiteway had begun.
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SUN FRONT & JUMP
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ELIZSTAR-SUN FRONT & JUMP-02282010.indd - Archives ...
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Security Federal Bank Refinance now while rates are low. Long-term financing is available. Call Carmella Price or Sheila Morton for details (423) 543-1000 www.secfed.com Prep Basketball: Lady ’Dogs Rock On Page 1C Community Matters Francis Gary Powers: A Memorable Visit Page 9A Good Morning Julie Ritchie Elizabethton Sunday, February 28, 2010 • Volume 80 - No. 49 ONLINE: Visit www.starhq.com for more photos, video and local news 50¢ Daily - $1.50 Sunday Obituaries ...................4A Editorials .................5A Lifestyles ....................1B Sports........................ 1C Stock ........................ 6C Classified ..................7C Weather ................. 12A Clyde Austin Elizabethton Robert W. Burrow Beaufort, S.C. James “Red” Glover Hampton Ivan E. Morley Elizabethton Photo by Suzanne Whitehead Snow closes Hwy. 143 Saturday THP Trooper Greg Marlowe is pictured on Highway 143, which was closed most of the day Saturday. Traffic was stopped after an 18-wheeler, trying to bust a trail across Roan Mountain, lost traction at the one-mile marker just below the top when the snow became too deep to travel in. The road was snow covered, beginning about 4 miles from the top of the Roan at Carvers Gap. A “C” class wrecker with snow chains was called to help pull the semi-rig to the top, where the driver would have a downhill grade into North Carolina. This photo was taken at mile marker 3, where snow is piled over the guardrail. Marlowe said he hoped to open the road around 3 p.m. after TDOT worked to remove more of the snow. “Even then, the road is not recommended for travel. Only 4-wheel drives or vehicles with chains are recommended, and then with caution,” Trooper Marlowe said. He noted that the beauty of the Roan in any weather is hard to ignore for some. Also, cross country skiing conditions are great right now, and the snow draws many hikers to the Appalachian Trail, located nearby. K9 Yoris funeral planned for Thursday BY ROBERT SORRELL STAR STAFF rsorrell@starhq.com For the past several days the City of Elizabethton and Tetrick Funeral Home have been planning a memorial service for K9 Yoris, who died following an incident which is still under investigation. Yoris, a two-year veteran of the Elizabethton Police Department, will be honored at Tetrick Funeral Home on Thursday evening. Visitation is scheduled for 5:30 to 7 p.m. and the memorial service is planned for 7 p.m. Terina Westberg of Tetrick said, “All police officers, firefighters and emergency medical personnel serve the community at great risk of injury or death. In the event any such servant of Carter County dies in the line of action, we will furnish our Investigation of his death continues staff services, facilities and equipment for a traditional funeral service with a steel casket and a steel burial vault at no charge.” Numerous law enforcement officials and canine teams from around the region, as well as members of the community, are expected to be part of the ceremony. Yoris’s handler, Officer Shane Darling and family, will also be present. “We are not sure how many people are going to show up for the ceremony,” Westberg said. “Tetrick is going to handle Yoris’s funeral like any regular police officer.” Graveside services are scheduled for 11 a.m. Friday at the Washington County Memory Gardens off Boones Creek Road in Johnson City. The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and district attorney’s Obituary for Sgt. K9 Yoris Elizabethton Police Department’s Sgt. K9 Yoris, a four-year-old Belgian Malinois, passed away on Sunday, February 7, 2010, as a result of injuries he received on Saturday, February 6. Sgt. Yoris would have been a two-year veteran of the Elizabethton Police Department, having joined the department in June 2008. Patrolman Shane Darling, the Darling family, members of the Elizabethton Police Department and the citizens of Elizabethton and Carter County are mourning his loss. A memorial service for K9 Sgt. Yoris will be held on Thursday, n See OBIT, 12A (423) 282-9990 111 Broyles Drive, Suite 2 • Johnson City Get with the program: • Weekly Weigh-in • Vitamins B-12 & Folic Acid • Multi-Vitamins • One-on-one Counseling • Diet Information • Behavioral Guidance • Medical Supervision • Metabolism Boosters office are investigating the events that led to the death of Yoris. On Saturday, Feb. 6, a group of ju- Sgt. K9 Yoris veniles and Yoris were involved n See YORIS, 12A Obituaries Weather PHENTERMINE $ 44 50 S. Carl Nidiffer Elizabethton Robert M. Ross Jr. Elizabethton Special 30 mg black capsules 37.5 mg tablets 30 count Photo by Danny Davis Michael Doe Folden, manager of the local Sav-A-Lot Grocery, was the driver of the 2004 Fort Taurus, which struck a 2007 Kia Sorento Thursday night. Folden, who was driving in the wrong lane of traffic, was unresponsive when officers arrived at the scene. He was transported to Sycamore Shoals Hospital, where he died at 10:36 p.m. Three persons in the Kia Sorento were injured. Local store manager dies following Highway 67 wreck FROM STAFF REPORTS A Johnson City man died following a head-on collision on Highway 67 in Elizabethton on Thursday night. Elizabethton Police Department officers responded to Highway 67 in the area between the Milligan Highway and the golf course around 9:30 p.m. in reference to an accident with injuries. Upon investigation, it was determined that a 2004 Ford Taurus, driven by Michael Doe Folden, Johnson City, was traveling westbound in the eastbound lanes of Highway 67 and struck a 2007 Kia Sorento in the left rear corner panel. The Sorento was driven by Wendy Watson of Elizabethton. After impact, the Sorento went into an uncontrolled skid and a 14-year-old juvenile was ejected from the vehicle. The Sorento continued down an embankment, and struck a culvert before coming to a final rest. After impact, the Ford Taurus crossed the median and came to rest in the westbound lanes of Highway 67. n See WRECK, 12A Assistant Ed Commissioner explains Race to the Top BY STEVE BURWICK STAR STAFF sburwick@starhq.com Bruce Opie, assistant commissioner of legislation and policy with the Tennessee Department of Education, spoke to area educators and county officials about the upcoming Race to the Top program during the monthly Education Workforce Development Committee meeting held Friday at the Pine Room of Sycamore Shoals Hospital. Race to the Top is a $4.35 billion federal grant program to help states enact reforms in four areas: adopting standards and assessments that prepare students to succeed in college and the workplace and to compete in the global economy; building data systems that measure student growth and success and inform teachers and principals about how they can improve instruction; recruiting, developing, rewarding and retaining effective teachers and principals, especially where they are needed most; and turning around lowest-achieving schools. Opie outlined the nuts and bolts of the program, which promises to provide $485 million over a four-year period to Tennessee if the state is one of the first five to be selected to receive the funding. Half of the grant would go directly to the schools, while the other half would be retained by the state, some of that to be used to provide further assistance to the schools. Carter County’s estimated share would be about $1.6 million, while Elizabethton would receive about $737,800. Opie said a 15-member advisory committee would be established to advise the state education board on decisions regarding yearly evaluations of n See EDUCATION, 12A Rachel S. Winters Elizabethton Saturday Clinics Available Michael Wysor, MD, PHD, on premises Wednesdays and is available by appointment other days. Low Tonight High Tomorrow 28 45
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Log In · Fulton County Schools Archives Digital Collections
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A digital collection of items from the Fulton County Schools Archives in Atlanta, Georgia, which includes manuscripts, photographs and audio-visual material related to the history of the school system, 1871-present.
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Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth
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OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS I dedicate this work to my family OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS The Vegetarian Moveme...
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OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS
I dedicate this work to my family
OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-century Britain JAMES GREGORY
Tauris Academic Studies LONDON • NEW YORK
Published in 2007 by Tauris Academic Studies, an imprint of I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan a division of St. Martin’s Press 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Copyright © 2007 James Gregory The right of James Gregory to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978 1 84511 379 7 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog: available Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd Camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
vii
Abbreviations
ix
Acknowledgements
xi
Introduction
1
1. The Vegetarian Movement, c.1838-1901
21
2. Physical Puritanism and Medical Orthodoxy
69
3. Beasts and Saints: Zoophilia and Religion in the Movement
88
4. Radicalism and Fadicalism
111
5. Feeding the Vegetarian Mind and Body
125
6. Class, Gender and the Vegetarians
151
7. Representing the Vegetarian
174
Conclusion
187
Notes
195
Bibliography
271
Index
305
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Front cover Gordon Browne, ‘All A-Growing, All A-Blowing’, Punch, 12 February 1898, p. 72, ©Punch Ltd, www.punch.co.uk. [Miss Nicholson spoke of the facility with which vegetarians might, if they pressed their demands upon their tradesmen, obtain vegetarian boots and vegetarian gloves – Report in Daily Paper of Meeting of the Vegetarian Federal Union.] OUR LUNATIC CONTRIBUTOR THINKS THIS IS AN EXCELLENT IDEA. BUT WHY NOT HAVE VEGETARIAN COATS, AND HATS, TOO – IN FACT, VEGETARIAN CLOTHING FROM HEAD TO FOOT? Title page The ornamentation is based on a wood engraving designed by James S. Hibberd for the bound collection of William Horsell’s Vegetarian Advocate (1851). Integrated All images appear courtesy of the Vegetarian Society, except for Figure 4, which appears courtesy of Kevin Beurle, Figure 5, which appears courtesy of the University of Southampton, Figure 7, which appears courtesy of Dundee City Archives; and Figure 19 right, in the author’s collection. FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5.
The Vegetarian, organ of late nineteenth century metropolitan vegetarianism, promoting a specious origin for the word ‘vegetarian’ (2 May 1896). [p. 10 ] James Simpson, left, and William Horsell, right, founding figures in the Victorian vegetarian movement. [p. 32] A typical lecture by the first President of the VS, in 1855 (Vegetarian Messenger, 1936, p. 43). [p. 42] George Dornbusch, a leading figure in early London vegetarianism, and also an activist in anti-vaccination and peace organizations (Image courtesy of Kevin Beurle). [p. 47] The Vegetarian Society banquet at Freemasons’ Tavern, 1851, from the Illustrated London News, 16 August 1851, p. 223. [p. 49]
viii FIGURE 6. FIGURE 7. FIGURE 8. FIGURE 9. FIGURE 10. FIGURE 11. FIGURE 12. FIGURE 13. FIGURE 14. FIGURE 15. FIGURE 16. FIGURE 17. FIGURE 18. FIGURE 19. FIGURE 20. FIGURE 21. FIGURE 22. FIGURE 23. FIGURE 24. FIGURE 25.
OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS The ‘vegetarian van’ spreading the gospel of vegetarianism (frontispiece, Vegetarian Messenger, August 1898). [p. 53] Poster for a dinner under the auspices of the Dundee FRS (Dundee City Archives, GD/Mus36). [p. 59] Arnold Frank Hills, left, from the frontispiece, Vegetarian Messenger, January 1898; and Charles Walter Forward, right, from Vegetarian Messenger, February 1894, p. 56 [p. 63 ] An illuminated address recognizing the role of Arnold Frank Hills in the revival, reproduced in the Vegetarian, 1897. [p. 67] Delegates at the VFU congress in Portsmouth May 1891. At the front are Josiah Oldfield and M.K. Gandhi. Vegetarian Messenger, October 1936, p. 318 [p. 68] Oriolet Hospital in Essex. Vegetarian Messenger, April 1896, p. 108. [p. 79] Promoting a muscular image for vegetarianism: the champion runner John Barclay. Vegetarian Messenger, March 1898, p. 117. [p. 81] Butchers Row, Aldgate. Vegetarian, 1 January 1898. [p. 90] The Jewish method of animal slaughter investigated. Vegetarian, 8 January 1898. [p.91] Josiah Oldfield: student of the occult, fruitarian and leader of the latenineteenth century anti-capital punishment movement. Vegetarian, Christmas supplement, 21 December 1891. [p. 97] Council Room of the Order of the Golden Age, Barcombe Hall. Herald of the Golden Age, 1900. [p. 109] Caldwell Harpur, who favoured metrication, nationalization of property, Saturday for Sabbath, and Oliver Cromwell as national hero. Vegetarian, 7 December 1895. [p. 117] A ticket for an anniversary banquet for the Vegetarian Society, 1891. British Vegetarian, January-February 1963, p. 39. [p. 127] Left: Pitman Vegetarian Hotel, Birmingham, from Vegetarian Messenger, January 1899, p. 16. Right: Charing Cross Vegetarian Hotel, from an advertisement in C.L.H. Wallace, 366 Menus. [p. 139] Front cover, Vegetarian Messenger, August 1898. [p. 142] Left: front cover, Almonds and Raisins. The Vegetarian Society Annual for 1888; and right: front cover of The Herald of the Golden Age, 1897. [p. 148] Unemployed workers given work (and vegetarian food) by Arnold Frank Hills. Vegetarian, 3 December 1898 [p. 154] A branch (Camden Town) of the Ivy Leaf Society established by Frances Boult. Vegetarian, 2 December 1899, p. 574. [p. 165] Alexandrine Veigelé, left and her daughter Adrienne, right. Vegetarian, 7 December 1895. [p. 167] Leading black and white artist of the late-Victorian period Phil May’s comment on the appeal of vegetarianism to the fashionable. Vegetarian, September 1894, p. 419. [p. 179]
ABBREVIATIONS
Allinson Papers Baume Papers DNB / Oxford DNB DR Forward, History FRM GMCRO-VS Gregory, ‘Vegetarian Movement’
HGA HH Johnson LFRS / NFRS LVS NMW Twigg, ‘Vegetarian Movement’
Thomas R. Allinson Papers, Special Collections, The Library, University of Edinburgh. Pierre Henri Baume Papers, Manx National Heritage, Manx Museum, Douglas, Isle of Man. Dictionary of National Biography/Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Dietetic Reformer Charles W. Forward, Fifty Years of Food Reform. A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England (1898). Food Reform Magazine Greater Manchester County Records Office, Vegetarian Society Records. James R.T.E. Gregory, ‘The Vegetarian Movement in Britain c.1840-1901. A study of its development, personnel and wider connections’, 2 vols (Ph.D., University of Southampton, 2002). Herald of the Golden Age Herald of Health John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. London / National Food Reform Society London Vegetarian Society New Moral World Julia M. Twigg, ‘The Vegetarian Movement in England from 1847-1981: a study of the structure of its ideology’ (Ph.D., London School of Economics, 1982).
x UKA VA VFU VM VS WTE WVU
OF VICTORIANS AND VEGETARIANS United Kingdom Alliance Vegetarian Advocate Vegetarian Federal Union Vegetarian Messenger/~ and Health Review The Vegetarian Society. With prefixed name: a local society e.g., Portsmouth VS. Weekly Times and Echo Women’s Vegetarian Union
In the Notes, other sources, including material from less-frequently cited archives, are abbreviated to surname and short title following the first citation. If a later edition of a work has been used, the date of the first publication is also given.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book is based on a doctoral dissertation at the Department of History, University of Southampton (May 2002), which was made possible by a full-time research award from the Arts and Humanities Research Board. I would like to thank my supervisor Professor John Rule and examiners Dr Waltraud Ernst and Professor Edward Royle for their comments and advice, and Professor Miles Taylor for his support. I would also like to thank the University of Bradford for a grant which contributed towards the cost of a dust jacket and the copyright fee for a cartoon from Punch (reproduced with permission of Punch Ltd, www.punch.co.uk). I am especially grateful to Chris Olivant of the Vegetarian Society for his help, particularly with the task of locating and scanning many of the images that appear here as illustrations. I am most grateful to the Vegetarian Society for their generosity in granting me the use of these images. I have benefited from the help of many scholars and library staff and it is a pleasure to record my thanks to Dr Jackie Latham, Alexander Tyrrell, Professor Kathryn Gleadle, Dr Richard Allen, Dr Ben Marsden, Dr Hilda Kean, Dr Chien Hui-Li, Dr Lesley Hall, Dr Christine Garwood, Dr Ruth Livesey, Molly Kramer, Dr Lyssa Randolph, Dr John Parry, Leslie Price, Sam Calvert, Dr Arouna Ouedraogo, Tristram Stuart and Edgar Crook. I am also grateful for advice from Professor Peter Brang, Professor Roger Cooter, Professor John Belchem, Dr Malcolm Chase, Professor Gregory Claeys and Professor Sir Brian Harrison. Others have given me their assistance through that wonderful global community, the Victoria Listserver. I am indebted to descendants of George Dornbusch, Job Caudwell, and Charles Walker for granting me access to material in their possession. Judith Crowe made research at the the Institute of Alcohol Studies a pleasure. Roger Sims kindly granted access to the papers of the extraordinary Pierre Baume at the Manx Museum. Staff at the following institutions kindly sent copies of rare or unique material: the Livesey
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Collection at the University of Central Lancashire, the Seligman Collection at the University of Columbia, Cheethams Library in Manchester, New York Public Library, Kansas University, Glasgow Library, and Regents College Library in Oxford. I would also like to thank staff at the British Library, the University of Edinburgh Special Collections, Greater Manchester Records Office, the University of Dundee Archives, Dundee Local Records Office, Trinity College Cambridge, the University of Southampton Special Collections, East Sussex Records Office, Northampton Records Office, Friends’ House Library and the Cooperative College. Some of my work on vegetarians appears in the Dictionary of Labour Biography, Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Scientists and Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Essays on vegetarian-temperance connections and White Quakers have been published in the Social History of Alcohol Review and Quaker Studies. I am most grateful to the editors for the opportunity to publish this research. Other essays on the wider context of vegetarianism across Europe, America and in British India have had to be pruned from this study due to lack of space. Readers curious to find out more about vegetarian branch societies, restaurants and biographies of the rank and file are advised to read the second volume of my doctoral dissertation. My thanks to Professor Dilys Hill for her editorial and stylistic advice on an earlier draft, to Dr Anne White for her meticulous reading of a later version, to Audrey Daly and Carolann Martin for their expertise with the final copy, and to my editor at I.B.Tauris, Elizabeth Munns. I also wish to thank the anonymous publishers’ reviewers for their advice, which I have attempted, where appropriate or possible, to follow. Above all, I am grateful to my family for their encouragement and support through the years in which I have pursued dietetic heretics. This work is dedicated to them. James Gregory, 2006
INTRODUCTION
Believing that their cause was ‘favourable to health, peace, and happiness, and has a tendency to abolish everything that makes us miserable in this world’, a select group of Britons established the first vegetarian society in the modern western world in 1847 and struggled thereafter to reform the diet of their contemporaries. 1 A seemingly marginal phenomenon, vegetarianism actually involved much that was of concern to the culture of Victorian Britain.2 Whilst never a mass movement, and certainly far from attaining the level of support it now enjoys, vegetarianism became a vocal movement which attracted attention that ranged from the serious response of scientific men, the incorporation of vegetarian recipes in cookery books, to the skits on vegetarian dinners, restaurants, animal-free clothing and enthusiasts which appeared in satirical journals and theatrical sketches. The responses to the various challenges vegetarianism offered means that a study of the movement is important for our understanding of Victorian society. Of the challenges to Victorian practices and attitudes, the most obvious were related to food: a subject involving a host of major questions about, for instance, supply and national sufficiency, national and social identity, charity and the working-class budget, and sociability. But vegetarianism also had implications for the relationship of man to animals, and for violence between humans (thus vegetarians were often against war, against capital punishment and violent punishments in general), and also had things to say about the role of women, through claims, for instance, to liberate women from unpleasant kitchen duties. Most Victorians assumed the vegetarians were ‘radical’ in their associations, it being understood that dietetic heresy went with other heresies of bodily self-culture, politics, and religion. However, through its connections to a wider temperance movement (teetotalism) and spiritualism, vegetarianism was actually part of broader movements rather than a fringe concern. In its gender roles
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this seemingly counter-cultural movement actually reflected Victorian mores rather than fulfilled any radical potential. And like temperance, many contemporary working class and socialist opponents thought vegetarianism played into employers’ hands in its guise as a campaign for thrift and economy, for many advocates saw it as a way of living on small wages (though with the beneficial result of using the savings for selfimprovement), or as a cheap but wholesome form of soup philanthropy. A more general, non-vegetarian ‘food reform’ was concerned with teaching the working classes about food values, economic recipes and substitutes at times of economic hardship. This wider food reform could potentially give the vegetarians a sympathetic audience, and they attempted to attract support through lectures, pamphlets and classes, by addressing the plight of the malnourished poor. Thus, though vegetarianism was far from being a ‘central’ concern to most people, it was not neglected by the mainstream. Many cultural figures commented on the movement when it emerged in the midnineteenth century, and when, revitalized, it returned to prominence in the late nineteenth century. Some leading Victorians indeed, investigated the diet and dabbled in dietetic reform. From the unfamiliar perspective of Victorian vegetarianism, through a study of the movement and its reception, this book provides an entry into a broader world of reform of body and soul, habits and manners, and of society. It is as a movement that this study primarily treats vegetarianism, rather than as an ideology. The latter aspect has been well studied before, in the undeservedly neglected and unpublished doctoral research by Julia Twigg. Although Twigg was concerned primarily with analyzing this ideology (and published two essays which reflected this focus on ideology), the movement’s general history from c.1847-1980 was ably set out as part of a wider ‘field of social relations’ giving meaning to the ideology. Here, whilst building on Twigg’s insightful research, I am keen to study the social history of the movement with the level of detail that her broader canvas made impossible. 3 The study provides an in-depth treatment of the movement as a ‘lived’ experience, and as a campaign. As the latter, British vegetarianism began with the creation of the Vegetarian Society (hereafter abbreviated to VS) by a few hundred men and women who had already been promoting vegetarianism as part of their religious beliefs, hygienic reform or utopian experiments. The transition from private endeavour to public movement in order to further the adoption of their diet led to provincial branches, lecturing campaigns, printed propaganda and a range of alternative commodities. Though the movement lacked a ‘Meat Bill’ equivalent to the prohibitionists’ ‘Drink Bill’ or any likelihood of prohibition it occasionally
INTRODUCTION
3
lobbied government and politicians. This agitation attracted adherents in sizeable numbers by the late-Victorian period, so that by 1899, when several other organizations were also active in Britain, the senior vegetarian society had almost six thousand members and associates. Since one member often represented a family group, and since throughout the period there was an unquantifiable number of experimenting ‘considerers’, the total number of deliberate vegetarians (as opposed to the many thousands practically vegetarian through poverty) was much higher. This book is a study of the movement but inevitably also of vegetarianism itself. Though the primary concern is not to explore ideology, one needs to understand the various elements to vegetarianism to understand its appeal and challenge. Through a study of its hygienic, religious, zoophilist, radical and ‘fadical’ aspects, a study of the diet is a study of Victorian culture. Though some of these aspects have been touched on by historians working in various different disciplines, these themes are brought together here in order to fully understand this polyvalent and multivocal movement. One could open this study out to consider the movement’s associations with what by the late-Victorian period was an international phenomenon, with North American, continental European and imperial connections. Indeed, from its earliest days British vegetarianism was connected to an international elite of ultra-temperance and other reform movements.4 This included Grahamism, an American health movement based on the ideas of Sylvester Graham which incorporated vegetarianism and whose heyday was in the 1830s. 5 The Dutch Marxist historian Jan Romein presented vegetarianism as a component of the ‘little religions’ in his study of the European fin de siècle, and interpreted these as expressive of ‘the bad conscience of a ruling class that was no longer convinced of its divine right to rule but not yet under sufficient threat to take full stock of its shortcomings’. 6 The German ‘Natural Living’ movement and German vegetarianism have been the focus of numerous studies. Attitudes to animals in France, where vegetarianism failed to flourish, have also been examined. The Russian movement has recently been analysed in detail.7 Mahatma Gandhi’s association with the London vegetarians in the lateVictorian period is perhaps the most famous episode in the relationship between vegetarians in Britain and the subcontinent. Not the least of its political aspects was the challenge vegetarianism presented in an empire where ‘British’ food habits encountered the dietetic ‘other’. 8 However, reasons of space prevent any study here of the links between the British vegetarians and others. This study ends in 1901. Apart from the wish as a ‘Victorianist’ to illuminate the nineteenth century and keep the work to manageable length,
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the twentieth century presents a larger scale movement, though there are often echoes of the Victorian movement in later activities. General histories of western vegetarianism covering the recent past already exist, such as Colin Spencer’s well-known survey history of vegetarianism.9 In the twentieth century developments in food technology and food science, altered attitudes to non-western diet and religion (and general developments in religious belief), mean a different context to vegetarianism: making it, in many ways, an easier practice to follow (through manufactured substitutes, greater understanding of nutrition, proliferation and specialization of food retail and retail of culinary equipment, and the decline in the force of scriptural injunctions for most Britons). The vegetarian movement was a topic of debate and interest in the nineteenth century. Though the British public never became enamoured of the movement to a great extent, or even to the degree that a few of its contemporary reforms enjoyed, its concerns were of relevance in the broader world of reform (partly because vegetarians were often not merely vegetarians), and more generally in British culture. If the movement has been one of the few under-explored British reform movements of the era, and is practically ignored by the popular historiography on the period, this study argues that the movement was a significant phenomenon. In an age worried about overpopulation, environmental catastrophe, and the ethics and health risks of industrialized food production, vegetarianism has acquired an acknowledged relevance in western discourse. Sociologists identify it as one of the components of movements that make non-materialist concerns about ‘personal identity’ and ‘lifestyle’ the focus of politics, the so-called ‘new social movements’ (also including feminism, environmentalism, lesbian and gay movements) that they argue were a development of post-industrial western societies. But concern to reform lifestyle is not a recent or ‘post-modern’ development: for critics have shown that these movements descend from or reiterate nineteenthcentury concerns.10 This book examines the origins of these present day concerns and responses. As a consequence of the diversity of motivations for adopting vegetarianism and the variety of forms vegetarianism took, exploration of the Victorian movement needs to draw on research by scholars working in a number of fields. The most obvious category, histories of western vegetarianism, is an expanding one, which has offered broad narrative, exploration of ideology (in the case especially of Twigg), and sociology, including its gendered dimensions (in the case of Carol J. Adams most famously11). The most recent large-scale study has been Tristram Stuart’s fine cultural history of Western responses to Indian vegetarianism from
INTRODUCTION
5
the seventeenth century.12 Modern scholarship has also included smaller scale work on the vegetarian-teetotal Cowherdites (or Bible Christians) active in Salford and Manchester after splitting from mainstream Swedenborgianism in 1809, and the progressive press in the Isle of Man which, in exploiting legal loopholes, produced vegetarian periodicals in the 1840s.13 But from the beginning of the movement there was an internal genealogical impulse which demonstrated the diet’s antiquity through essays which constructed a ‘canon’ descending from classical and biblical times.14 This can be explained as a response to the novelty of organized endeavour and anxiety about vigour and reach. Precociously, the vegetarian organ in the 1850s (the Vegetarian Messenger) collected material for a history of the first few years.15 Charles Forward produced Fifty Years of Food Reform for the movement’s jubilee in 1897. This, despite some sketchiness originating from its basis in short articles, was essentially accurate, and candid about the strains between the two major societies of the period, the Manchester-based VS and the new London Vegetarian Society (hereafter abbreviated to LVS).16 As Forward’s history makes clear, vegetarianism frequently positioned itself as ‘ultra temperance’. Like much research on Victorian reform movements, this study is indebted to the work of Brian Harrison who has emphasized the interconnecting reform interests of temperance leaders and rank-and-file, and who uncovered a rich body of material in his study of the temperance press.17 The close study by medical and social historians of hydropathy, medical botany, mesmerism, and other contemporary (and often associated) medical unorthodoxies, also provides this work with a wider context of hygienic reform. Another important area in which vegetarianism has previously been briefly considered is in histories of animal welfare and human/animal relations, vegetarianism being interpreted as an outcome of the growth of ‘humane’ feeling, also reflected in more mainstream zoophilist movements and in antivivisectionism. If many vegetarians were animal lovers, their sympathies were not limited to animals, and the ethical dimension to the movement also involved concern about human suffering and pain. Vegetarians supported campaigns against violent or capital punishment; their organization took off at the same time as a revived anti-capital punishment movement and experienced similar lack of public sympathy.18 Those associated with anti-capital punishment efforts were often radical reformers more generally, and one key area for previous treatment of vegetarianism has been histories of radicalism. Such radicals include the poet Shelley, who saw carnivorism as the ‘root of all evil’ and whose espousal of vegetarianism was shared by others in Romantic circles in the early nineteenth century. Working-class radicals also adopted vegetarians.19
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This association between dietetic heresy and other radicalisms was also apparent during the next period of radical ferment, the first Victorian decade. The so-called ‘moral radicalism’ of the Quaker Joseph Sturge and his followers provides one middle-class location for vegetarian sympathies, along with other social, moral and ‘physiological reforms’. As this research demonstrates, personal reform can be political, and recent work on radical middle-class women and the private sphere in the early-Victorian period has also emphasized the political nature of health reforms.20 Vegetarians themselves, competing in the marketplace of reforms, stressed their cause’s radical or fundamental implications for society. Advocates asserted vegetarianism’s indispensability for personal and social regeneration. Like temperance, vegetarianism was advocated on the basis of plebeian or lower middle-class self-improvement and self-help in institutions such as mechanics’ institutes from the late 1840s. Another area where the plebeian element to vegetarianism can be seen is spiritualism, a movement with a strong plebeian following. Studies of spiritualism mention the interest in diet as part of a range of concerns for a self-styled ‘advanced’ movement. Historians of late-Victorian esoteric movements which attracted women as members and leaders have also noted the vegetarian dimension. Such associations prefigure vegetarianism’s place in the modern ‘New Age’. Utopia, whether actual experimentation, or fictional and prospective, invariably involves dietetic radicalism. Food reform surfaced in several utopian experiments in England and America in the 1840s. Vegetarianism is an under-explored aspect of the radical world of Owenite socialists, ‘new move’ Chartists and others in the 1840s. It was the community at Alcott House c.1838-49 (which despite its links to Owenism was not Owenite) that coined the word ‘vegetarian’.21 Similarly, a ‘back-to-the-land’ movement in the late nineteenth century (with parallels in continental Europe, North America and South America) provided another location for vegetarian activity combined with social and moral reforms.22 By the 1890s vegetarianism was a cliché of utopian fiction.23 This practical and literary dabbling in dietetic reform by late-Victorians reflected the revival of the British movement from the 1870s and an ensuing vigour and publicity which was unparalleled. It took its place amongst esoteric religions and anti-vivisectionist efforts in the ‘lateVictorian revolt’ (continuing in the Edwardian period) when there was ‘an unusual amount of activity of radical-eccentric nature’.24 In that famous diatribe, Max Nordau interpreted vegetarianism as another sign of fin de siècle degeneracy.25 Vegetarianism was also acknowledged as a feature of the fin de siècle in the classic early studies by R.C.K. Ensor (himself
INTRODUCTION
7
vegetarian) and Holbrook Jackson, though surprisingly it is ignored in more recent work on the ‘Eighteen Nineties’.26 This period also saw the emergence of socialism, and the reformed diet became a topic for debate in the socialist press and clubs, not least because, if some leading socialists were sympathetic, others viewed vegetarianism as a capitalist tool. 27 Fin de siècle efforts to create a new morality involved food reform, and so vegetarianism is occasionally glanced at in studies of, for instance, the early Fabians who included vegetarians such as Bernard Shaw and Edith Nesbit, the writer of children’s literature. One ‘advanced’ location of vegetarian discussion in this period, the feminist and pro-labour journal Shafts, has been studied, and the significance of vegetarianism for some late-Victorian and Edwardian feminists has been recognized.28 Despite vegetarianism’s association with the radical and progressive the transformation it offered was not necessarily liberating. Identified along with other physiological reforms as a form of ‘physical puritanism’ in the 1850s, it can be associated with a more general Victorian ‘puritanism’.29 If plebeian adherents saw it as a means to self-mastery, another interpretation might be that dietary ‘regimen’ was primarily a bourgeois response to urbanization and industrialization: a disciplinary effort especially directed at working-class bodies. Thus the sociologist Bryan Turner, who has proposed a theory of the ‘somatic society’ where personal or political problems are problematized and expressed through the body, has charted changing dietary regimens, from those advocated for the professional and urban classes in the eighteenth century to those stimulated by anxieties about the labouring classes from the second half of the nineteenth century, when working-class diet became a subject of concern through anxieties about public health, urban poverty and national efficiency.30 The first part of this study provides a history of the movement in a single chapter. It first examines the background to the establishment of the VS, through a survey of activity from around 1840-46. It then outlines the Victorian movement, identifying and analyzing some of the main features of the movement in terms of location, institutions and activity, and personnel. Previously this has had no detailed attention, with published work concentrating either on communitarian locations or on activity in Manchester and the ‘industrial north’. The metropolitan and provincial activity across Britain shows the movement’s place in a larger radical or progressive world, but also shows how vegetarianism was applied to social problems as an additional force in mainstream philanthropic dissemination of ‘bread and knowledge’.
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The second part of this study dissects the movement by exploring and contextualizing the varieties of (or dimensions to) vegetarianism, with a chapter on ‘physical puritanism’ and vegetarianism’s relationship with medical orthodoxy (chapter two); a chapter which examines vegetarianism as an animal welfare movement, its religious dimensions and relationship with spiritualism (chapter three); and a chapter examining its radicalism and ‘anti-everythingarian’ tendency (chapter four). The latter chapter emphasizes how categories were blurred not simply as a propagandist convenience, but because followers were not monomaniacs with a dietetic obsession despite the frequent pejorative labels that also appeared in criticism of other ‘anti’ movements confronting customary behaviour (‘faddish’, ‘crankish’, ‘crotchety’, ‘eccentric’, and ‘sentimental’). The second part then, is an attempt to define the movement, with the conclusion that like temperance and other health reforms, the movement was a personal physiological reform, a moral crusade and social movement, with ‘political’ associations despite a tension between more obviously political movements. The third part is concerned with the vegetarians’ dietetic practice in private and public, the role of a vegetarian press, and the movement’s social base. It begins by considering vegetarians’ own culinary practices and gustatory attitudes, and then explores the movement’s physical manifestation through its own commodities, and restaurants and press (chapter five). The vegetarian press emerges as an important aspect to the movement. The examination of restaurants continues the exploration of vegetarianism’s geographical and institutional locations. Their roles in vegetarian activism and as locations for allied radicalisms are examined. Study of the restaurants’ growth and fortunes provides evidence about the growth of the movement, and also about the social base which is further examined, alongside gender, in the next chapter (chapter six). The relative appeal of the movement to the ‘classes’ of Victorian Britain and the specific attempts to attract plebeian support are considered, by examining the literature which explicitly addressed contemporaries in terms of the dietetic needs of classes, and the response to the movement from socialists and co-operators. The role of women is examined, through study of gender roles in general and consideration of the Women’s Vegetarian Union in particular. Finally the movement’s representation by others (chapter seven) is studied. The chapter is a consideration of literary responses to the diet and its practitioners: the discourse on vegetarianism in a variety of prose works, including works of fiction and in the national or local press, was extensive, and certainly more than one might assume. The ambivalent relationship of the movement to ‘modernity’, which is one
INTRODUCTION
9
of the themes apparent in the discourse on the movement, is considered in the conclusion. Vegetarians, trusting to the power of the printed word, were prolific writers and their journals, books and pamphlets are core material for this study. Apart from the sparse documentation of the early years (1847-55) there are extensive minute books for the VS, the London Vegetarian Auxiliary, and LVS. In addition, there are minutes and related material belonging to the St Pancras branch, the Dundee food reform society and traces of material from the Liverpool Society. Their activities and those of many other vegetarian societies were fully reported in the vegetarian press. Material relating to the Women’s Vegetarian Union is in the British Library, and the John Johnson Collection in the Bodleian Library, which also has other vegetarian ephemera. To assess the status of vegetarianism within a wider reform world, I have also examined periodicals promoting philanthropic or progressive causes in general, and specific concerns such as temperance, anti-tobacco, peace, phonetic reform and spiritualism. Because many who were not simply reforming their diet for purely personal health reasons were concerned with other causes (though being the former did not exclude the latter), the broader survey has been crucial for understanding this particular group of so-called ‘anti-everythingarians’. These ‘ultras’ were not however, merely agitators for a nexus of negatives. This is made clear by studying the lives of prominent individuals such as James Simpson and Arnold Hills, the early and late-Victorian leaders of the movement. Regrettably their papers do not exist, nor are there any papers belonging to William Horsell, the first secretary of the Vegetarian Society. However, privately-owned material does exist relating to the London vegetarian George Dornbusch and the teetotal-vegetarian publishing partner of Horsell, Job Caudwell. A unique view of early vegetarian and associated radical circles in London is provided by the recently discovered papers of the eccentric Pierre Baume. The papers of Thomas R. Allinson, the late-Victorian naturopath, in Edinburgh University, include a rare archive of vegetarian ephemera, as does the archive relating to his contemporary labour activist and vegetarian Joseph Edwards at the Liverpool Records Office. Glimpses of vegetarian activity may be found in the papers of the social and moral reformers Lord Mount Temple and his wife Georgina, at the University of Southampton. This study uncovers the unfamiliar and exploits new material, avoiding a concentration on the activities of the Cowherdites and well-known vegetarians such as the social and sexual reformer Edward Carpenter, the Fabian and playwright Bernard Shaw and those other Victorians whose vegetarianism is identified (or in some cases ignored) in entries in the Dictionary of National Biography. The commitment of the updated [Oxford]
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DNB to broadening national biography has involved the inclusion of others, such as William Horsell. Detailed research on pioneering vegetarians such as Horsell, the poet James Elmzlie Duncan and the grain merchant Dornbusch, underpin this study. A unique glimpse into provincial activity in the early movement was possible through the diary of one mid-Victorian vegetarian in Worcester.31 Apart from this, the close study of obituaries, testimonies and interviews in the vegetarian press and those of other reform movements provides much on the humbler vegetarians, and allows a prosopographical approach to replace the assertions made by the VS through their propaganda (including statistical analyses), with concrete and rich information on the religious affiliations, occupational background, varied motivations and interconnections of adherents and sympathizers. If historians need to relate the movement to larger developments such as urbanization and secularization, we need to know and ask questions about who was attracted to the movement and how they saw their place in the ‘age of reform’. 32 Since vegetarianism often formed a part of an omnium gatherum of radical positions, it offers an entry into that ‘anti-everythingarianism’ which has been noted by historians of Victorian reform, but has not received close treatment. In fact, study of the vegetarians is an especially fruitful means of investigating this phenomenon because, as an extreme, it attracted fewer supporters than more mainstream reforms, and so provides the researcher with a more manageable group to deal with. Also, because what was involved was a reform of life style, the movement’s journalism contains many detailed biographies and membership lists, in contrast, for instance, to the paucity of rank-and-file information for the anti-vivisection movement.
FIGURE 1. The Vegetarian, organ of late nineteenth century metropolitan vegetarianism, promoting a specious origin for the word ‘vegetarian’ (2 May 1896).
Specialist diets played a part in separating vegetarians into various schools, so that the appropriateness of the word ‘vegetarian’ became
INTRODUCTION
11
questioned. The commonsense etymology (deriving ‘vegetarian’ from the eating of vegetables) was obfuscated in the 1870s to counter the popular view that the diet was composed of raw vegetables. But as Kenneth Romanes pointed out in the German vegetarian journal Vegetarische Warte, an etymology derived from the Latin for spirit, vegetus, was ‘entirely an after-thought of the scholars and ... had no place whatever in the minds of the originators of modern vegetarianism’.33 Those who wanted to attract wider support also spoke of ‘dietetic reform’. 34 Proponents, like other reformers, used a multitude of justifications, but when one comes to examine individuals, a neat classification into ‘ethical’ or ‘hygienic’ is often unhelpful. But controversies over the name echoed differences of opinion over rationale and emphases, reflecting the sometimes competing ethical, medical and economic motivations. Internal debates about what constituted the best diet, morally or physiologically led to ‘fruitarianism’, a coinage of the later 1870s; and stricter definitions of a bloodless diet brought a few people to a position which, though it was to be distinguished by a separate name only in the 1940s (veganism) existed well before then. Though this necessary excursus on etymology highlights the part specialist diets had in separating out the vegetarians, the study’s primary concern is not the food they promoted but the movement’s social history and connections with other reforms. The reader will find only morsels of vegetarian cuisine, perhaps in keeping with that strand in vegetarianism concerned to divert people from sensuality to higher things. Another reason for not privileging food is that, despite its etymology, vegetarianism was from the start concerned with other forms of consumption. But given that many people took the reform at face-value as an agitation concerned with eating, it makes sense to contextualize this study by a brief consideration of the Victorians and food. Food and the Victorians Moral, religious and political considerations no less than the natural promptings of appetite, influence the individual and community in the preference for certain articles of food and the rejection of others.35
Though their critics often treated their efforts as time wasted on worldly and insignificant matters, to be a committed vegetarian was to engage in debates on food which took in the ethics and economics of its production, its nutrition and aesthetics. Food was a significant and pervasive subject in Victorian culture, offering a ‘culinary nationalism’, signifying the march of ‘progress’, or imperilling it through faulty supply and adulteration,
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featuring in the ‘gospel of thrift’, and prominently figuring in social life. The gustatory dimension to nineteenth-century culture, expressed in such diverse forms as the novels of Charles Dickens and the celebrations surrounding all manner of local and national events, was substantial. Examination of ‘foodways’ therefore provides a constituent element rather than a mere ‘flavour’ of the past. Fears of a Malthusian crisis of population outstripping food supply stimulated a great deal of early nineteenth-century writing, with solutions sought in emigration, ‘home colonization’ and the exploitation of wastelands, even (for a few advocates) birth-control. 36 It was a matter of national policy and security. Politics was focused on the ‘staff of life’ during the Corn Laws agitation; conflict between free traders and protectionists concerned ‘taxes on food’, many of which were abolished or lowered. The Irish famine also made food a major question. The imperial dimension was reflected in colonial imports and the export of British foodways. Crises, such as Indian famines, were matters of imperial policy. Always the concern of local authorities (with food riots into the midVictorian period), food was increasingly regulated as health reform, chemistry and food technologies developed. Although food manufacture only became industrialized late in the century, the production and processing of food were major sources of employment throughout the period. Scientists synthesized flavours and explored new ways of preserving and manufacturing foods, such as the ‘extract of meat’ promoted by the chemist Justus von Liebig in 1865.37 Improvements in food production and quality could be identified as ‘keeping pace with the progressive movement of the last fifty years’. 38 Technology was also applied to domestic food production, with the emergence of gas-fuelled fires, refrigerators, cookers and, by the end of the period, electric cookers. By contrast, for social reformers, poor diet was a sign of the failure of modern society, the pursuit of good food a theme in propaganda and part of the vision of a reformed world. Diet was one of the vexed questions to be dealt with by prison and workhouse authorities. The modern age, for reasons of economy or social hygiene, seemed to involve the proliferation of specialist dietaries. Social investigators explored the food budgets and cooking habits of the poor. Following their late-eighteenth-century forebears, Victorian philanthropists and health reformers agitated for cookery classes, cheap utensils and fuel, and alternative foods.39 Working-class self-help and mutuality involved food provision; the ‘movement culture’ of working-class radicalism included the marketing of alternative foodstuffs.40 Dietetic aspirations fed into the programmes of working-class social reformers such as Chartists and co-operators. The
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13
early-nineteenth century radical leader William Cobbett’s oft-quoted remark ‘I defy you to agitate a fellow on a full stomach’ expresses another link between availability of cheap food and the fortunes of radical activity. 41 The opponents of later radicals were acutely aware that food provided ‘excuse for the work of political incendiaries of all kinds, and for the fatal endeavours of democrats’.42 Food was a marker of class, gender and age. 43 The proliferation of domestic and culinary guides reflected both a general growth in the press and revealed the social significance of dining as a way of maintaining appearances and marking membership of the upper and middle-classes, through conspicuous consumption and rules of etiquette that provided pitfalls for the arriviste.44 The working class devoted the largest proportion of their earnings to food; their womenfolk sacrificed health to provide men with a more nutritious meal to fuel their hard and lengthy manual work.45 Men were defined as breadwinners: interference in their right and duty to provide food for their dependents was seen as a violation of the sanctity of the family and a ‘desecration of the freeman’s dignity’.46 Diet was also a marker of nationality, region and locality and helped identify racial and religious differences. 47 It has been argued that ‘after language, food is the most important bearer of national identity’. 48 Certainly the association between roast beef and Englishness was long established, and symbolised ‘manly English virtues’ and the ‘natural’, against the dietetic other of artifice, luxury, the potage maigre, or frogs’ legs of the French. The nation’s wealth was indicated through meat consumption: Britain was the heaviest consumer of meat in Europe. 49 This ‘culinary nationalism’ haunted vegetarians: the anthem created by Fielding and Leveridge in the eighteenth century, ‘The Roast Beef of Old England’, was the hostile chorus to their crusade. A poster condemning the dish, produced by the London Food Reform Society, was one response. 50 In practice most Englishmen ate beef rarely: for the poor, protein came from the sea (as in the Cornish diet), or from pigs, so vegetarians stressed the dangers of eating pork, and the serious problems with the meat consumed by most people.51 In 1863, Professor Gamgee’s researches for the Privy Council revealed that, though only a small proportion of meat was ever formally condemned, over one-fifth of the meat sold was unfit for consumption. The authenticity of meat products was suspect: Bobus Higgins the sausage-maker, in Thomas Carlyle’s Past and Present (1843), and Ford Madox Brown’s ‘Work’ (1852-63), enriched by his adulterations, was not alone in anticipating the French Hippophage Society’s introduction of horse flesh as a cheap article of food.52 Opponents repeatedly assured vegetarians that British pluck was based on beef, and beer. The Morning Chronicle found in 1849-50 that most
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English agricultural labourers rarely ate meat (especially in southern England), and though there were improvements by the 1860s, butcher’s meat remained a rarity. Yet the ‘spare diet’ was stigmatised as a sign of poverty or asceticism. Henry Mayhew observed it was not something that English men liked to admit to: ‘Many a poor untaught Englishman will shrink from speaking of his spare diet, and his trouble to procure that; a reserve, too, much more noticeable among the men than the women.’53 A mixed diet in which flesh meat was a constant element was ‘practically the sort of diet to which all classes aspire’, the late-nineteenth-century vegetarian and former Eton master Henry Salt had to admit.54 The other great culinary symbol of Englishness was the plum-pudding: it was not surprising that vegetarians should publicise their substitute for the suet-based symbol of Christmas conviviality.55 Similarly, ‘porridge and Scotland went together’56: vegetarians gestured to the Scottish diet of oats as proof that national vigour was compatible with vegetarianism. Nutritionally the diet of the poor Scot was probably good, but it may not have been perceived thus, since it may have represented a recent deterioration in the quantity of animal foods available and hence been experienced as a decline. 57 Ireland provided proof too, for vegetarians, that a largely vegetable diet allowed physical efficiency. But many writers on diet believed the Irish dependence on potatoes was a sign of a lower civilization and the spread of potato dependency a mark of pauperization.58 Diet provided a key to the hierarchy of races or nations. Experts on these topics maintained that the British had become civilised, had become modern, through a mixed diet. But diet, or the methods of cookery, needed to be improved to make the most efficient use of the material (whether it was the foodstuffs, fuel, or time required). The journal Food told its readers in 1884 that ‘even now the great struggle for food mainly occupies the thought, the care, and the industry of the nation’. 59 The questions of population and self-sufficiency were certainly integral to vegetarian polemic from the movement’s earliest days. 60 Since meat was deemed to be crucial in the nation’s diet, vegetarianism often surfaced in debates about population and national or European food supply in meetings of savants such as the British Association; usually to be dealt with dismissively. 61 The supply of meat could be disrupted by epidemics as in 1866, when rinderpest threatened livestock; it could also be disrupted by the instability of foreign sources. But Victorians, even when their fears about a Malthusian crisis were calmed, worried about the strategic implications for a nation which depended on foreign food to feed its population. Groups as diverse as Tory anti-free traders and liberal members of the Land Nationalization Society (established in 1881) sought to exploit these fears in linking their
INTRODUCTION
15
reform to concern about dependence on foreign supplies; so too did vegetarians.62 Agricultural improvements helped increase domestic production, and further solutions to potential shortages were advocated, such as the introduction of small proprietors proposed by Joseph Fisher in articles in the Morning Chronicle (1866) or the improvements to soil fertility suggested by the land surveyor and agricultural engineer John Ewart, who argued that increasing and improving the arable pasture would support the additional livestock required.63 Whatever the proposals, increasing the meat supply was seen as a major question. It is not surprising, given these meat-centred anxieties, that preserved meat featured at exhibitions such as the International Exhibition at South Kensington in 1862.64 Stimulated by population growth and the problems with domestic meat supply, new preservation technologies were tested. The Society of Arts established a prize for a method to transport raw meat into Britain. Tinned and salted meat came from Chicago, but its greasiness and stringiness made it unpopular. Meat supplies from Australia and New Zealand were reported in newspapers. In February 1869, Public Health discussed the ‘great Food Question’ in relation to imports of colonial meat, and noted the Duke of Edinburgh’s recommendation that this was sweet, juicy and solid. 65 The journalist and statistician Michael Mulhall thought that New Zealand offered an alternative supply of meat if the Americas were insufficient, demonstrated that the population could not be sustained on the domestic supply of cattle, and remarked that new sources of meat for Britain were a strange outcome of the industry of a small number of settlers who had transformed cannibal islands.66 However, this meat was generally of poor quality and in 1871-72 a couple of workhouses even rioted against Australian meats.67 If the meat had not improved by the 1880s (when preservation by ice became satisfactory), nevertheless the supply came to be depended upon by the working classes by the end of the Victorian era. Entrepreneurs and philanthropists promoted alternative sources of protein, such as fish, or ‘acclimatized’ exotic mammals – whose relocation expressed domination of non-European fauna.68 Hippophagy was perhaps the most controversial alternative, widely discussed in the mid-Victorian press, but on the whole in a bantering tone. Horse-flesh was seen as a solution to a dearth of meat during the cattle-plague of 1865-67; but attempts to emulate the Parisian banquet hippophagique of 1865, itself stimulated in part by official concerns about the low consumption of meat in comparison with the British, were unsuccessful. A ‘Society for the Propagation of Horseflesh as an Article of Food’ hosted a dinner at the Langham Hotel in 1868 to promote the meat. There were lectures on the
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subject and subsequent French propaganda revived the idea in 1875, but the British response remained unsympathetic.69 Food adulteration was pervasive in nineteenth century Britain due to urbanization, industrialization and the particular circumstances of trades (such as competition in the retail of beer and tea), with profound medical, social and economic effects.70 It became a matter of medical or scientific concern from the early 1850s, for men such as John Postgate, Henry Letheby, John Simon and Arthur Hassall. The findings of analytical chemistry, printed in The Lancet from 1851-54, were widely reported.71 The evidence of widespread adulteration led to the formation of a national society, the Anti-Adulteration Association, and local societies, to agitate for ‘prompt and efficient legislation’. At Birmingham, for instance, six meetings were held and in February 1856 there were resolutions on municipal food and drug tests, and the Home Office was petitioned.72 In parliament the question was treated by radicals and Tories as a test of free trade. Those who called for legislation against adulteration risked being accused of treating the populace as infantile rather than informed and rational consumers free to avoid the patently fraudulent goods. Tory opponents of Free Trade depicted the ‘poor man’ as at the mercy of the retailer.73 Commentators pointed to the implications for national reputation from the wholesale fraud being committed.74 The poor, the main victims of adulteration, whose stomachs were (in the words of the co-operator G.J. Holyoake) ‘the waste basket of the market’, organized to secure the purity of their food through such establishments as flour mills created in the eighteenth century, and in the co-operative movement.75 Holyoake noted that the co-operative People’s Mill in Leeds ‘wisely’ supported the local Anti-Adulteration Society’s efforts in 1855, judging this involvement to demonstrate respect and interest for the community.76 Food supply co-operatives were recommended by philanthropists partly for their protection against adulteration and poor quality. The purity and genuineness of foods came to be stressed in advertisements in the 1850s but adulteration remained a problem even after legislation enabled local authorities to appoint public analysts from the 1870s. Samuel Smiles’s opinion that the ‘spirit of self-help is the root of all genuine growth in the individual; and, exhibited in the lives of the many, it constitutes the true source of national strength and vigour’ received much support. 77 Amongst the virtues retrospectively seen as characteristically ‘Victorian’, thrift has been given prominence, though it was not confined to British culture.78 Part of the ‘hard way’ along with ‘character’, punctuality and duty, thrift helped fuel the Victorian engine of self-help.79 Though thrift was a necessity for middle-class families keen to display their
INTRODUCTION
17
respectability, discourse on thrift was directed especially at the poor by their betters, in sermon, lecture, tract, newspaper article and visitation. Thrift was about self-sacrifice and abstinence quite as much as it was about recycling and avoidance of waste, to make the poor moral and useful. Poverty and destitution, it was believed by many, could be eradicated partly through thrift. But this virtue was, according to Smiles, ‘the growth of experience and example’.80 The organizations established to exemplify and promote thrift ranged from the local savings clubs to penny banks, the Penny Office Savings Bank (established 1861) and a variety of social reform societies. Edwin Chadwick’s Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842) accounted for poor health partly through domestic mismanagement which amounted to lack of thrift: the ‘huckster dealing’ in an improvident manner, the extravagant purchase of small quantities of food, indulgence in meat and drink. 81 Thrift concerned domestic management in general, not simply advocating foresight in savings. Food was part of the problem, and hence the outrage of food reformers who wanted to eradicate adulteration. Foods made cheap because of adulteration were deceptions, their existence prevented accurate domestic economy. Waste was to be deplored in the kitchen, hence the value placed on equipment such as the ‘digester’, designed to convert all the scraps into nourishing soup, and the stockpot and the eulogising by domestic economists (and early apologists for factory conditions), of the French soup: a ‘potage economy’ where nothing was thrown away. Newspapers and journals reported on schemes for cookery classes throughout the period. Much of the advice on food thrift was irrelevant to the poor however: too expensive in terms of equipment, fuel, and time. The promotion of thrift as virtue and social panacea had its critics. The vegetarian movement’s place in the discourse of thrift is one theme in its dialogue with the working classes, and will be explored more closely in a later chapter. It is sufficient at this stage to point out that some vegetarians found the economic argument offensively selfish and preferred more ‘ideal’ arguments to those of the ‘breech pocket’. But there was a wider attitude towards food which saw pleasure as something to be avoided. Vegetarianism can partly be seen as a dietetic form of puritanism, with the promotion of ‘simplicity of taste’ as a moral rather than aesthetic virtue, though vegetarians were not necessarily ascetics. Old Testament-derived scruples about eating foods with blood or which derived from strangled animals might also figure. In Samuel Butler’s dissection of his evangelical childhood, when Christina Pontifex agitates herself about insufficient spiritual-mindedness, in The Way of All Flesh (begun in the 1870s but
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published in 1903) she worries about her past enjoyment of ‘forbidden’ black puddings.82 Evangelical Protestantism with its concern to avoid soul-imperilling sensual gratification might condemn a preoccupation with food after hunger was gratified. Although corpulence was associated with health for most of the nineteenth century, over-indulgence in food represented greed, one of the sins to be combated by evangelical parents. Diet must be seen as part of a regime in which ‘everything was restricted and controlled’. 83 One result of sabbatarian scruples was that Sunday meals were largely cold affairs; in Colin Spencer’s acclaimed history of British food puritanism is blamed more widely for culinary decline. But puritanical response to food was not the only attitude: there are too many contrasting references to enjoying eating.84 One writer who has referred to the ‘horrid little books for the instruction and intimidation of the young… against the sin of gluttony’ also asserts that the sternest Puritans of the early Victorian period ‘felt no sense of guilt in enjoying the pleasures of the table’.85 Moreover, a criticism of asceticism did not necessarily mean a belief that material comfort was enough. Richard Jefferies, for instance, stressed that ‘when the highest wages of the best paid artisan are reached it is not the greatest privilege of the man to throw mutton chops to dogs and piles of empty champagne bottles’.86 The lack of vegetables in the national diet was deplored by nonvegetarian food reformers who appreciated the nutritional value of vegetables, or who wished to see a wider consumption of meat through the wealthier consumers foregoing some of their meat for vegetables. Cookery writers and gourmets also deplored the British habit of overcooking their vegetables. 87 Tom Jerrold condemned the attitude of English cooks and their employers, that except as an accompaniment to meat, vegetables were ‘nasty foreign messes’.88 English culinary antipathy was attacked by other writers on food: Joseph Brown, a Sunderland doctor, condemned John Bull’s hostility towards garden stuffs; the writer of a tract promoting maize deplored the antipathy towards ‘foreigners, vegetable or human’. 89 Significantly, a late-Victorian edition of Mrs Beeton’s Cookery argued that the greatest boon of vegetarianism, its popularization of a wider range of vegetable dishes, brought ‘us more on a level with our Continental neighbours’.90 There were popular and expert prejudices. Vegetable soups were associated with Gallic culinary ingenuity attributed to the low quality of French ingredients or poverty. 91 Scientists revealed that vegetables required more effort to digest than animal foods and argued that in order to obtain an equivalent amount of nutrition large quantities would need to be consumed. Vegetables were associated with certain classes: thus onions
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19
were the staple of the poorest, whose strong and uneducated stomachs required their stimulus; turnips were avoided except in dire circumstances.92 Garlic was obviously foreign. Lentils and pulses, treated today as vegetarian staples, were difficult to get and associated with animal foods. Rice was not commonly used. 93 Fruits were associated with summer diarrhoea and imagined to be dangerous for children. Medical writers stressed the danger of parasites on raw vegetables.94 A major problem (obviously important for vegetarians) involved urban and rural availability. Production for urban markets meant that vegetables might not be cheaply available to the rural poor, so that, as the great chef Alexis Soyer noted, ‘excepting in large towns’ vegetables were scarce.95 But their price for city-dwellers was high, as one newspaper noted in 1875, the monstrous price of fresh vegetables rendered bacon and cabbage, ‘the humble fare of the country’, almost unattainable.96 Tinning of fruit and vegetables, which cheapened them, did not happen until the 1880s. Between 1815 and 1850, Britain was ‘a population existing permanently on the verge of starvation’.97 From the 1870s working-class diets improved, as a result of rising real incomes, cheap imported foodstuffs, and standardised and pre-packaged foods through multiple retailing, which helped reduced food adulteration. Railways made feasible the expansion of the trawling industry to supply urban consumers. Even agricultural labourers’ diets may have improved. No longer was bread the ‘staff of life’: Britain was in the vanguard of a dietetic revolution that saw the democratization of meat and protein in Europe.98 School textbooks of the late-Victorian era presented the pennyworth and ha’porths of meat as a sign of poverty which progress had abolished.99 Macaulay’s dream in 1848 that the twentieth-century artisan would ‘be as little used to dine without meat as they now are to eat rye bread’ was to be realized.100 Made possible by steam-trawling, railway transportation and ice preservation, fish and chip shops were well-established by the late nineteenth century. They were a significant contribution of protein for the working class and an addition to the ‘fast food’ that had always been sold by stalls and street vendors. The adulteration scandals had probably helped to educate people’s tastes towards milder flavoured, less vibrant foods, through the revelations of dangerous substances used to ‘sophisticate’. If adulteration was less widespread by the end of our period, there were new concerns about the use of chemical preservatives and flavourings. For the middle class, the movement was towards a more mixed and lighter diet, possibly influenced by vegetarianism.101 It also represented the trend towards self-control in feeding, which had already been the response of the aristocracy as food supplies became stable and plentiful in the modern era. 102 But if diet generally became more varied and improved in quality, the domestic
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cookery that began to be taught in some cities ignored the pleasure of food. Victorian cuisine was also less sophisticated than it had been, because of the prestige of French cuisine and the disruption of culinary traditions through urbanization.103 Eating together, as a method of creating sociality, is a sociological truism. Food was publicly consumed in a variety of places, from hotels and public houses, to the restaurants that proliferated during the second half of the nineteenth century. Roast beef, white bait and turtle soup were dishes associated with public dinners for the humble (for beef was commonly given to the poor at feasts marking great occasions such as coronations) to the most exalted civic and government officials. The vegetarian was an intruder who sat at these events eating cold potatoes and, like the teetotaller he or she often was, imbibed water to the dismay of fellow guests. Those observing a vegetable diet had to choose between swallowing their scruples and eating meat in public, thus undermining the cause in the eyes of the more rigid, or consolidating their reputation for eccentricity. Verse in Punch which depicted the vegetarian’s Christmas fare was one expression of the pity or contempt directed at those who, through their dietetic heresy, seemed to be foregoing festive hospitality. It was not surprising, then, that the one vegetarian recipe which London adherents inserted in The Times, was for Christmas pudding! Vegetarians were encouraged to entertain their friends at parties to demonstrate the attractiveness of their new diet: the desire to show its reasonableness could lead to mimicry of meat dishes. What vegetarians actually ate is studied in chapter five, how they campaigned in order to alter the food of the majority is now considered.
1 THE VEGETARIAN MOVEMENT, c.1838-1901
The immediate origins of the Victorian vegetarian movement lie in attempts by a few hundred pioneers to encourage the diet as part of their religious beliefs (as members of the Swedenborgian sect of Bible Christians or Cowherdites in Salford and Manchester), or as a result of their temperance beliefs, or compassion for animals, though to be sure, such motivations are not neatly divided. Here the movement’s history is provided, beginning with the nurturing of vegetarianism by another group of people in the 1830s, radical communitarians. This first part concludes with the establishment of the VS. The next section studies the movement’s development in the Society’s first two decades and examines key aspects of vegetarianism as an organized, propagandist and ‘lived’ (that is to say, embodied and enacted) movement, before its apparent eclipse in the 1860s. Aspects of its social base are brought out here and through a study of London vegetarians. The third section studies the movement’s revival from the 1870s through a brief examination of some key areas for activity across Britain, and again through a study of London, which became a centre for vegetarianism to rival its earlier heartlands in the north of England. Before the Vegetarian Society The followers of the failed merchant and theosopher James Pierrepont Greaves provided one highly significant source of vegetarian propaganda through their activity at a community founded in 1838 at Richmond in Surrey, known as the ‘Concordium’ or Alcott House. Greaves’ selfascribed label of ‘sacred socialism’ and the involvement by several Owenites in the community have led to a misinterpretation of the community as an Owenite one.1 For Greaves and many followers ignored contemporary politics and economics, believing individual moral
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reformation and the development of the ‘love-spirit’ (or divine spirit) was necessary before the social reform proposed by Robert Owen. Greaves was transformed by a spiritual experience in 1817, and as a disciple later advised, ‘you must think of him as an inspired man, or at least as a man who truly believed himself inspired’. 2 The New Moral World, reviewing Greaves’ posthumously published letters, spoke of his ‘peculiar philosophy … It was emphatically to live in a new world to hear him talk’.3 Despite his strange phraseology the emphasis on spiritual reformation before any meaningful ‘physical socialism’ is clear. His vegetarianism, from about 1817, was for mystical and moral reasons (he thought the physiological motives had been well-argued); humanitarian concerns joining fears of animalization and sexual stimulation. A celibate, his teachings included expressed anxiety about (as Jackie Latham expresses it) ‘a new kind of original sin’; engendered by unregulated marriage and intercourse without the ‘divine creative love-law’.4 Dietary reform would remove a sexual stimulant and separate man ‘from the animal world’.5 Greaves’ salon at 49 Burton Street, London, from about 1837, was open to all and he attracted radicals and literary figures to weekly meetings of his ‘Aesthetic Institution’. Of his disciples, the most important female follower was Sophia Chichester, a wealthy aristocrat who also gave covert financial support to several other theosophers and radical reformers, such as ‘Zion’ Ward and ‘Shepherd’ Smith. 6 In July 1838 Greaves and Chichester established ‘Alcott House’ school on Pestalozzian lines at Ham Common village, Surrey. A school existed throughout this period, with an average of thirty pupils (a few were day pupils) recruited from radical families and the neighbourhood. Promoted by followers before 1838, and central to the community, was vegetarianism. The prospectus which records the community’s reorganization in 1841 details the diet (oatmeal, porridge, bread, fruit and water), dress and timetable for work, meals, classes and recreation. The ‘Concordium’ consisted of ‘united individuals … desirous, under industrial and progressive education, with simplicity in diet, dress and lodging, etc., to retain the means for the harmonic developement [sic] of their physical, intellectual and moral natures.’7 Graham bread with raisins was baked on the premises, a garden was planted to promote self-sufficiency, and a shoemaker/tailor was recruited. The establishment was open to visitors, especially on Sundays when there were lectures; many hundreds may therefore have become acquainted with the community and its dietetic reforms. To disseminate their philosophy and recruit, a press was established. Tracts, motto ‘wafers’ for sealing letters, and two journals, The Healthian and The New Age, were published. These devoted much space to vegetarianism (a neologism it helped make current). Other physical-
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puritanisms discussed included hydropathy (which the community pioneered from late 1841). The Concordium experiment was recorded in the New Age’s ‘Concordium Gazette’. The ‘progressive’ cause of phonetics was endorsed. Works by American transcendentalists were advertised and Graham’s physiology reviewed. America, already a place of physiological reform ideas and the location of the new moral world, was important for sacred socialists (and Owenites). The Concordists printed and promoted American texts in favour of vegetarianism such as William A. Alcott’s Vegetable Diet Defended and Sylvester Graham’s Lecture to Young Men on Chastity, and hoped to raise funds for a visit by Graham. The association of Greaves and his community with the infinitely more talented New England transcendentalists was serendipitous. 8 Greaves’ disciples hoped the educational reformer Bronson Alcott would visit, and run the eponymous school; when he came shortly after Greaves’ death, he was charmed by the community. Greaves had intended to establish a community in America; Alcott brought back three of the Concordists – Charles Lane, his son, and Henry Gardiner Wright – with him in September 1842. Wright found America uncongenial and returned, but Lane stayed with Alcott to establish a short-lived but famous community, Fruitlands, near Harvard. The disaster at Fruitlands did not, at least, shake Alcott’s faith in vegetarianism (he joined the British VS in 1850).9 Despite talk of withdrawal from ‘the external discordance and disagreement of actual society’, there were attempts to connect the diet with the peace movement and attract converts through tours in 1843. Three Concordists went out as missionaries to exhibit their ‘simplicity of living’ in tours of the Midlands, Hampshire and Sussex, and generated discussion by their manner, and costume of white trousers and checked shirt, sans necktie or hat. The New Age thought that the sympathetic response ‘augurs well for humanity’.10 The paper itself was an important means of propaganda but circulation was limited despite advertisements (in the New Moral World and J.E. Smith’s Family Herald). 11 An obvious group to cultivate was ‘advanced’ teetotallers. Whilst the Healthian mystified the Temperance Lancet in 1841 12 , some teetotallers’ sympathies were reflected in a teetotal excursion to the Concordium in July 1843.13 A teetotal reader of the New Age advised linking it as an ‘acceptable journal ... sowing good seed’, to the ‘nine million’ teetotallers and anticipated ‘high patronage’. The journal’s title was altered to The New Age, Concordium Gazette and Temperance Advocate after the sixth number.14 The Concordists also promoted physiological reform societies, beginning with a ‘Health, or Physiological Association’ whose secretary, G.J. Ford, was involved in vegetarianism into the 1860s.15 The Healthian
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approved its simple, pledge-free rules and reported its intention to hold public and private meetings, print and circulate literature, and offer personal example on health and physiological law. The committee was open to members of either sex.16 Every Monday in October discussions on an ‘interesting topic’ took place at 11, Leathersellers’ Buildings, London Wall. On the 19th of October, a crowded assemblage for the departing Bronson Alcott included the pioneer vegetarian William Lambe who approved ‘the object and the means’. 17 The Association then disappeared from the Healthian which itself folded in February 1843. Another attempt to promote vegetarianism through organized propaganda and missions was launched in mid-October 1843 in the shape of a ‘British and Foreign Society for the Promotion of Humanity and the Abstinence from Animal Foods,’ to disseminate ‘correct principles of universal peace, health of soul and body, and on the prolongation of human life’.18 The society was to have fourteen officers and members of both sexes. Chichester was made president, perhaps to secure funds from her after Greaves’ death. 19 The few members included a lady of ten years’ vegetarianism who had resisted meat when eight despite her servant’s pressure. One of the few reported meetings debated man’s relationship to the animal world.20 Internal power struggles followed Greaves’ death, with William Galpin, resident from summer 1843, exercising an increasingly bleak rule that repelled many. Recast as the ‘Universal Concordian Society’ the community eschewed animal materials, limited food, and avoided cookery. The Owenite Alexander Campbell, failing to win control, left in 1844, and undeterred, established a short-lived educational and vegetarian community at Hampton Wick. A ‘Fruit Festival’ in summer 1847 demonstrated the waning Greavesian ethos in discussing the ‘Social and Political Condition of Women’. A conference in early July 1847 was an unsuccessful attempt by William Oldham and Charles Lane to reinvigorate the community by associating it with efforts to promote vegetarianism. By 1848 the community had dissolved, the house became an orphanage for cholera-orphaned girls and the grounds became a strawberry garden.21 Although Spencer has described the Concordium as ‘well outside the perimeters of what society in general would have thought acceptable’, there were radicals who supported it. 22 Holyoake, for instance, distinguished between the mysticism that he deplored, and the physiological reform that he admired (he dabbled in vegetarianism). His account in the Cheltenham Free Press was notably appreciative of the health reforms: members looked healthy and appeared happy, the plain vegetable diet was contrasted with the ‘disease-engendering food of the epicure’ and the dress and beards were excused as symbols of independence: ‘We have
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25
a strange propensity to ridicule the slightest deviation from custom’s worn and hackneyed way, however harmless in itself that deviation may be.’23 Holyoake, who declined an invitation to teach at Alcott House, was dismayed and exasperated by the Concordist papers which he published in the journal The Movement (1844).24 But though critical of the perversions of Greavesian philosophy by disciples, his later journal, The Reasoner presented Greaves as the ‘great logician of personal reform’, who had originated the ‘personal reforms that are destined to extend their operations over the people’; dietary reform being the most important of those personal reforms that needed to precede public or political reform.25 The debate on vegetarianism involved several other leading reformers. An important contemporary, J.E. Smith, formerly a visitor to Greaves’ salon, devoted The Shepherd to sustained critical discussion of sacred socialism and vegetarianism in 1837. Smith possibly visited the Concordium: he is probably the ‘J.E.S.’ writing to the editor of the New Age pointing out vegetarian inconsistency in 1844.26 From May 1843 Smith edited the weekly Family Herald, a ‘family religious journal’ which in its heyday had a circulation of half a million. In its early years it published and replied to many inquiries on subjects which included Southcottianism, socialism, astrology, phrenology and vegetarianism. In 1843, responding to a letter from Oldham (hoping for publicity for the community), he maintained that a two-year experiment was insufficient and that diet remained a question of individual natures. Vegetarianism, kindred to celibacy and the common life, would be brought forward with the growing influence of ‘Puseyism’ upon an established church which alone made such discussions respectable. 27 In 1844-45, the Herald published an advertisement for New Age and texts associated with the community and Smith returned (not for the last time) to diet in an article on the sixteenthcentury Italian vegetarian Luigi Cornaro.28 Greavesian experimentation attracted the attention of even more distinguished figures. Alcott and Owen were the most important visitors, though (presumably by report) it was known to Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. The New Moral World published a letter from Engels referring to ‘Ham Common folks’: the community must be included in their attack on utopian socialism. 29 Carlyle’s relationship with Greaves, whom he characterized as a ‘blockhead’ and a ‘tail’ of Emerson in England, has been examined.30 Through Emerson, Alcott was received by Carlyle in 1843 and exasperated him with the ‘Potatoe-gospel’ [sic]. One of Alcott’s visits was witnessed by Robert Browning who ridiculed the diet, though he had been vegetarian in the 1830s through Shelley’s example.31 One disciple, Francis Barham, considered Greaves to be greater than Coleridge; Lane described him as a ‘colossus’. 32 Yet his posthumous
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reputation, beyond his followers, was slight. An essay in Westminster Review in 1852 described him as vegetarianism’s modern apostle and identified the poet Henry Septimus Sutton, author of Evangel of Love, as a successor.33 These references apart, Greaves and the community were unknown beyond the small world of (transatlantic) utopian and radical reformers. Hundreds may have boarded with or visited the community, but this generated no public fame. The radical Douglas Jerrold’s Newspaper, reviewing Lane’s vegetarian tract of 1847, demonstrated its previous ignorance of the community. 34 The one satire on Alcott House which might have reached a larger audience, in a novel by Mary Kelty published in 1851, has been entirely ignored. 35 Yet the Concordium’s reputation for ascetic fanaticism was preserved by the memoirs of the radicals Thomas Frost, Holyoake and William Linton.36 Late-Victorian and Edwardian vegetarians, interested in tracing lineages, examined the Concordium and drew on the memories of the few surviving participants.37 The efforts of the Concordists had some resonance with other reformers. Pure diet, good health and physiology in dress were components of the ‘community movement’ central to Owenism.38 Highthinking and plain-living Owenites saw temperance as a virtue and could naturally investigate vegetarianism, especially when the New Moral World which catered to Owenite artisans and advanced liberals discussed the diet. 39 Vegetarianism was promoted by native Owenites and by nonBritish communities reported by the Owenite organ, such as the community planned in Ohio which intended to ‘wholly exclude the animal kingdom’ for humanitarian, physiological and timesaving reasons (the time thus released for mental culture).40 The organ of William Hodson’s breakaway Owenite community at Manea Fen published an account of Alcott House school by John Firmin which supported the diet for socialist children but questioned its suitability for adults. With ‘the assistance of a light trade, well directed and well governed’ it would make children wholly or practically self-supporting. The savings would go to community funds, ‘toil and disagreement’ in food preparation would be abolished and time could be spent in more rational and useful activity.41 The frequency of the discussion explains why, when the projected Norwood Co-operative Industrial Association advertised in late 1843, it eschewed all ‘sectarianism’, including the ‘edible’.42 But the relationship of vegetarianism to Owenism was ambivalent. At the Owenite community of Harmony Hall, vegetarianism was adopted to address financial and organizational deficiencies and partly espoused on principle (indeed one youthful convert, Alfred Slatter, continued to advocate it as a means to social reform into the 1870s). Not all the members relished the diet, although Alexander Somerville said half of the
THE VEGETARIAN MOVEMENT, C.1838-1901
27
community were vegetarian.43 One of the governors of the community, James Rigby, was a life-long vegetarian44; his successor John Finch was a teetotaller whose testimony before a Commons committee, that in the rational state of society ‘all those who will eat beef, mutton, veal, and pork, must in turn kill the animals for themselves,’ suggests his vegetarian sympathies.45 Finch’s second governorship inaugurated a spartan regime, with a committee formed to create a ‘cheap and rational diet’ but a lack of consensus led to separate vegetarian and non-vegetarian tables, the former containing the merriest diners according to Holyoake.46 The Owenite relationship with the Concordium was equally ambivalent. Metropolitan Owenites treated it as a radical country resort; the ‘attractive yet convenient position ... made it a good goal for visitors from London, particularly if they could avoid the food’.47 Owen visited thrice, in the summer of 1840, with Lambeth Owenites, in spring and August 1843.48 A rural excursion, during which socialist forms of government were debated, was reported in August 1841. 49 Another Owenite group visited in that year.50 Charles Lane, so important in the Greavesian community, had had an early interest in Owen, attending the first public exposition of his ideas in London, in 1818. 51 A more committed Owenite was Alexander Campbell, one of the Owenite ‘social missionaries’, who was converted by Greaves and joined the community in 1842, but remained an Owenite propagandist. After Greaves’ death he edited some of his letters for publication by the community. The New Age reported Owenite congresses and activity at Harmony, but criticized Owenite ‘sectarianism’, and condemned the use of hired and animal labour at Harmony. Concordists hoped for support from the New Moral World, social missionaries and tracts in the preparation of ‘all’ for the abandonment of meat, ‘injurious and superfluous luxuries’. 52 Some Concordists, for example Wright, lectured to metropolitan Rational Society branches. Wright twice lectured on the ‘advantages of a vegetable diet’ at Goswell Street Road, Branch 16 of the Rational Society, and gave a well-attended lecture on ‘Fruit Diet’ to the Lambeth branch which ‘gave great satisfaction’ according to its secretary John Firmin.53 In 1840 a Mr Body of A1 Branch had presented Harmony with the book Vegetable Cookery, and four years later Campbell gave a lecture on Concordist principles and practice to the same branch.54 The appeal of mysticism, shared millenarianism and the desire for paternal leadership explain the migration of some of the collapsing Harmony Hall’s disillusioned inhabitants to the Concordium. 55 William Galpin, vice-president of the Rational Society, obeying Owen’s call for him to leave Harmony, found refuge there, with disastrous consequences. Hannah Bond, who had taught children at Harmony, joined after its collapse. Samuel Bower of Bradford (who went with Lane, Wright and
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Alcott to America) also joined. For some (like the widow of the prominent radical Richard Carlile, Eliza Sharples), residency was simply an alternative to destitution.56 As the wider Owenite movement dissolved in the mid1840s into a variety of institutions promoting education, self-help, or secularism, for a few it became identified with a ‘new eccentric world where individual self-expression signified the beginning of the supercession of irrational social prejudices’.57 In this context vegetarianism was viewed by critical socialists as a characteristic of less sane, or ‘dissident’ followers. Socialism now harboured ‘moral and intellectual delinquents – empty-headed young men bordering on idiocy, babblers and quibblers, long-haired, bearded and vegetarians, etc.’58 Similar ambivalence can be found in the Chartist movement. The Chartist utopia involved a transformation in diet. For, as the Northern Star, the movement’s leading newspaper observed, those who reared the cattle did not taste flesh food. 59 The paper reported the projected vegetarian conference in July 1847, but printed comments against dietetic totalism.60 Earlier it had favourably reviewed the New Age and described the Concordists as an ‘interesting body of Social reformers, who seem to realize practically (so far as possible) what god-like Shelley only dreamed of in his Queen Mab’.61 A fair review of the Healthian characterized the diet advocated by Concordists and a ‘large number of isolated individuals’ as ‘whole-hog teetotalism and no Mistake!’ 62 Yet vegetarianism attracted some Chartists: and perhaps vegetarianism may be classed as one of the sectional successors to Chartism. 63 The most well-known examples are Charles Neesom and, at least to the extent of writing a vegetarian essay, Robert Gammage. 64 Charles Kingsley’s character John Crossthwaite, in Alton Locke (1850), was an idealistic Chartist and vegetarian, ‘to which perhaps, he owed a great deal of the almost preternatural clearness, volubility, and sensitiveness of his mind’.65 Other Chartists of course, were vegetarian because of their poverty, such as John Bezer, whose published autobiography included the apology to any vegetarian readers for his backsliding from ‘vegetable marrow’.66 The influence of vegetarian believers reached beyond the mainstream to more fringe movements. For example, Concordists published tracts by John Etzler, leader of the ‘Tropical Emigration Society’.67 Etzler, his wife and a disciple, C.F. Stollmeyer, briefly resided at the Concordium, where Etzler delivered a course of public lectures in 1843-44. 68 A materialist, Etzler at least came to share the faith in vegetarianism, claiming that the man of ‘science and reality’ could see no need to butcher animals for food and use, or quarrel and rob fellow man for a living: ‘there is an endless variety of vegetable foods much pleasanter in taste, sight, smell and much more wholesome, than carcasses of animals’.69 The Etzlerite ‘Co-operative
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Emigration Society’ endorsed vegetarianism in 1844. Members decided following ‘long and earnest enquiry’ to restrict themselves to a vegetable diet (excepting milk, butter, eggs and other products not requiring killing) for economic, social and moral reasons. The principle was so important that they urged it upon the attention of ‘all advanced reformers’ and made a ‘public declaration of their views on morals, diet, practical measures &c’.70 Etzler’s pro-vegetarian statements appeared in the Etzlerite organ Morning Star which was founded and initially edited by a youthful enthusiast and vegetarian propagandist, James Elmzlie Duncan, connected to the Concordium. 71 Duncan’s mediocre literary output included a chapter of an unfinished novel entitled ‘Edward Noble, or the Utopian’ which featured Greaves and a vegetarian essay which referred to Shelley and the ‘Healthian diet’ of ‘the London Vegetarians’. 72 He advertised a Guide to Health and Longevity in the New Moral World, and in 1848 announced an expanded serialization of his ‘romance of progression’ whose heroes included Greaves, Owen, Etzler, the Unitarian W.J. Fox, the temperance figure Father Mathew, and Richard Cobden. Duncan’s continued interest in physical puritanism is shown by his subscription to William Horsell’s The Truth-Tester and Vegetarian Advocate. Horsell published Duncan’s final journal in 1849.73 Another communitarian experiment which incorporated a school and food reform was promoted by the Barmbys (1843-44). 74 A pioneer communist, John Goodwyn Barmby was influenced by Greaves, the Concordium and White Quakerism. One of the ‘societarian wants’ he listed in The Promethean in 1842 was ‘medicinally prepared diet’; the tenth was common or contemporaneous consumption of food. 75 In 1843 he and his wife Catherine (an Owenite feminist) established ‘Moreville Communitorium’ at Hanwell, Middlesex. His costume and hairstyle at Hanwell were modelled on the Concordists’.76 His dietary rules (reprinted by the New Age) partially promoted vegetarianism.77 A follower of Barmby and Greaves, Henry Fry of Cheltenham, endorsed vegetarianism in his Educational Circular and Communist Apostle. 78 An attack on the Barmbys’ small Communist Church sect (c.1842-49) in the News of the World (1846), treated dietary radicalism as part of the creed.79 The high ideals of such communities are apparent in yet another, established by William Galpin at Little Bentley on the Tytherley estate in 1845, with Isaac Ironside of Sheffield (a visitor to the Concordium). 80 Members of the Rational Society were informed by them ‘that man has a nobler destiny than that of being a mere eating and drinking animal, or one that receives his highest gratifications from sensual objects’.81 They hoped that members of the Harmony community would find refuge from the ‘old world’ here. Members were to abandon worldly ties and
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connections, ‘That God may be all in all.’ Galpin’s ‘divine message’, to gather a nucleus of the Universal Church before Christ’s second coming, was dutifully, if scornfully printed in the Reasoner. 82 Holyoake rightly identified the ultra-puritanism promoted there as influenced by White Quakerism.83 A newspaper reporter, although spicing his account, wrote that members equalled ‘the most ascetic cynic of old’ in their self-denial.84 It proved too much for many members including Ironside, who felt that Little Bentley involved ‘absurd and repulsive austerities – ridiculous and repugnant fanaticism, little short of insanity’.85 The contentious White Quaker community, established by the schismatic Quakers Joshua Jacob and Abigail Beale, became another location for ultra-asceticism and vegetarianism. Though they rejected Greavesian celibacy, they practised community in goods, wore undyed linen clothing, and the men grew beards and long hair. They were visited separately by reformers such as Barmby, Campbell, Ironside and Owen, and attracted other radicals. 86 Ironside collected sympathizers from Manchester’s branch of the Rational Society, some of whom joined the sect. 87 After Little Bentley’s collapse, Galpin joined, with marriage to Joshua’s sister Mary cementing his ‘Jacobism’.88 Given the sect’s aim to return to primitive values they espoused simplicity in diet: at one community house in a former hotel in Dublin, ‘some twenty or more’ practised vegetarianism. 89 Probably due to Galpin, the community committed itself firmly to vegetarianism. In summer 1847 a visitor saw the dining table at the sect’s new home, Newlands, piled with wheaten bread, butter, cheeses and dried fruits. When the English reformer Joseph Barker visited the sect in 1850 the diet was rigidly vegetarian, with bread and potatoes made available to impoverished visitors. A bleak account in the Family Herald reported the sect’s decline, the correspondent suggesting that Jacob ate secretly since he was thriving despite the diet of ‘half boiled green cabbage, raw corn, and water’.90 Vegetarianism as a result of such experimentation was a familiar topic in journals associated with Owenism and ‘infidelity’, and came to be supported by a number of Chartists. Communitarianism continued to have associations with vegetarianism but from 1847 vegetarians had the wider community of an organized movement for support. Establishing the Vegetarian Society By the late 1840s, vegetarians sought a national association. The VS was founded by remnants of the Concordium, a few advanced teetotallers and the vegetarian Cowherdite sect. Its establishment owed much to the Cowherdite James Simpson, who became the first president. Also among the prime movers was the temperance reformer William Horsell who had
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become vegetarian in 1846 in the process of writing a populist health manual. His journal, The Truth-Tester, presented vegetarianism as ‘the next practical moral subject which is likely to call forth the virtuous energy of society’ and published dialogues, maxims, verse and letters in support of the diet. In April 1847 Horsell printed a letter from a young teetotaller called William Bramwell Withers, of Whitehurst in Hampshire, calling for such a society. Vegetarians met in Alcott House on 8 July to discuss the project. A further meeting on 30 September, at Northwood Villa in Ramsgate, the hydropathic infirmary managed by Horsell and his wife, formally established the VS.91 The rules had already been drawn up by James Simpson, who had corresponded with Horsell to reassure him that his advocacy was worthwhile and that many readers would support him.92 The Cowherdites also sent their endorsement to William Oldham. 93 The Concordist contribution included advertisements for Alcott House, a letter by Hannah Bond, and essays by Charles Lane. Members of Alcott House wanted to be involved in the project, and Oldham invited interested parties to a ‘physiological conference’ (8 July 1847) to publicly initiate preparations.94 The meeting attracted some fifty vegetarians including James Simpson, Joseph Gunn Palmer (a Birmingham Quaker who acted as chairman), and Horsell. Bond’s dishes united ‘the innocence of the hermit’s repast with the refinements of art, and the labours of domestic experiences’.95 In the afternoon the group, which had increased to one hundred and thirty vegetarians and others, congregated in the shade of a large tree in the ‘beautiful and productive garden’. Lectures followed, with Horsell chairing one at Ramsgate Primitive Methodist chapel. He published an address by Simpson and, several weeks before the date arranged, printed a verse ‘Invitation to the Physiological Festival’ by Fanny Lacy, an aristocrat associated with Barmby and the Concordium.96 The establishment of the VS involved the support of a well-known figure, the Cowherdite Joseph Brotherton MP, who presided at the inaugural meeting which included fellow Cowherdites such as James Scholefield and James Gaskill.97 Simpson was elected the VS’s president, Horsell was appointed secretary (a post he held for three years) and William Oldham became treasurer (for a year). One hundred and fifty members were immediately enrolled; in 1848 the VS comprised 265 members spanning the ages 14 to 76, with Cowherdite families providing almost half of the members.98 Although the Cowherdite element to the early movement is a well-known one which need not be examined here, an analysis of the role of one of its members, James Simpson, is crucial to an understanding of the VS from 1847 to 1859.99 Simpson provided it with the necessary financial support for its public activities, and leadership.
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Horsell later acknowledged that the establishment of the society was ‘principally under his own generous and judicious guidance’.100 Given the low profile of vegetarianism in Victorian historiography, it is unsurprising that Simpson has a minor profile as a reformer.101 Yet he was one of those leading provincial citizens so important for reform movements and provincial politics.
FIGURE 2. James Simpson, left, and William Horsell, right, founding figures in the Victorian vegetarian movement.
Simpson was the son of a wealthy Scottish calico printer who had become a Cowherdite in 1810. Education in London and Berlin prepared Simpson for a legal career but this was abandoned because he disliked the prospect of pleading for guilty clients. Inherited wealth meant he could d
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE, lawyer and politician; b. 1 April 1828 at Buckyett, near Totnes, in Devon, England, youngest son of Thomas Whiteway and Elizabeth Vallance; m. first 1862 Mary Lightbourne of Bermuda (d. 1868), and they had a daughter; m. secondly 1872 Catherine Anne Davies of Pictou, N.S., and they had six children; d. 24 June 1908 in St John’s.
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Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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https://brixton52.biographi.ca/en/bio/7141?revision_id=32658
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WHITEWAY, Sir WILLIAM VALLANCE, lawyer and politician; b. 1 April 1828 at Buckyett, near Totnes, in Devon, England, youngest son of Thomas Whiteway and Elizabeth Vallance; m. first 1862 Mary Lightbourne of Bermuda (d. 1868), and they had a daughter; m. secondly 1872 Catherine Anne Davies of Pictou, N.S., and they had six children; d. 24 June 1908 in St John’s.
Since the Whiteway family had long been connected with the Newfoundland trade, it was not unusual that William Whiteway should have been sent to St John’s in 1843, after an education at Tomes Grammar School and a private school in Newton Abbot. He was apprenticed to a merchant, but later decided to train for the law. He was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1852.
At the start of his career, Whiteway appears as a conventional enough figure. Closely allied with the mercantile élite, active in the Anglican church, and a keen mason, he supported the Conservative party led by Hugh William Hoyles*, and tended a prospering law practice. Among his clients was Charles James Fox Bennett*, one of the colony’s most prominent merchants and the promoter of its first copper mine, at Tilt Cove. When Whiteway entered politics in 1859 he ran under Bennett’s patronage in the district of Twillingate and Fogo, which included Tilt Cove. From this period dates his growing conviction that Newfoundland had considerable mineral and agricultural potential and his concern, as a member for a remote northern area, with improved year-round communications.
In 1865 Whiteway received tangible marks of favour from the new Conservative government of Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter* in the shape of a qc and the speakership of the House of Assembly. He was now a rising political star, having clearly stated his confederate sympathies soon after the publication of the Quebec terms in December 1864. His support for union with Canada outraged Bennett, who had emerged as the leading anti-confederate. Their acrimonious dispute diverted readers of the St John’s press, but seriously reduced Whiteway’s chances of re-election. In 1869 he and his running mate found themselves opposed by the combined influence of Bennett and the local merchant house, and were soundly defeated. The following year Bennett took over the premiership.
Whiteway’s support for confederation was based on his conviction that it would improve the colony’s chances for economic diversification and prosperity, while breaking down its isolation. Given his ambition, it can be supposed that he was also attracted by the prospect of a wider political stage. But after the defeat of confederation in 1869 he ceased actively to promote it and turned his attention to the colonial arena. Though temporarily out of the assembly, he remained involved in Conservative party affairs. He was a member of a ginger group determined to remove the Bennett government by fair means or foul. Thus the Conservatives began to combine assurances that confederation was dead with sectarian attacks on the government designed to remind Protestants of Bennett’s reliance on the Catholic vote. In the 1873 election Bennett’s majority was severely reduced, and Whiteway returned to the assembly as a member for Trinity Bay. Early in 1874 Carter resumed the premiership, Bennett’s majority having evaporated, and his party’s position was confirmed in an election that fall. Whiteway was appointed solicitor general in the new administration.
His major responsibility was the preparation of the Newfoundland case to be presented to the fisheries commission at Halifax in 1877 [see Sir Albert James Smith*]. This tribunal sat to assess the monetary value of the difference between the fishery privileges given Americans in British North American waters under the Treaty of Washington (1871) and those granted British subjects in American waters. Whiteway did most of the work for Newfoundland, producing a claim for $2,880,000 and arguing it ably before the tribunal. The colony was eventually awarded $1 million, which earned Whiteway the formal thanks of the legislature, and a knighthood in 1880. A major part of his case was the value to foreign banking fleets of access to Newfoundland bait supplies. He regarded bait afterwards as a potentially valuable bargaining lever not only with the Americans, but also with the French, whose presence at Saint-Pierre and on the west and northeast coasts of Newfoundland (the area known as the Treaty, or French, Shore) was a persistent irritant. Both Whiteway and Carter were convinced that the colony’s prosperity depended on a modification of France’s ancient rights, particularly since the surveys of Alexander Murray* had suggested that the Treaty Shore contained valuable natural resources. The Carter government pressed for powers to appoint magistrates and make land grants there, demands to which the Colonial Office reacted with extreme caution.
Whiteway’s frustration was such that, much to the annoyance of Governor Sir John Hawley Glover*, he began to drop remarks about the disadvantages of the imperial connection, and the advantages that might result from annexation to the United States. His comments were probably designed only to remind London of the colony’s dissatisfaction. In fact, throughout his career he was to voice his resentment of what he saw as the British government’s willingness to sacrifice Newfoundland’s interests to those of more powerful countries.
Whiteway assumed the premiership in April 1878, determined to make his mark and armed with ambitious plans. If Newfoundland’s future lay in the development of its land-based resources, then two things were necessary. First, a railway should be built across the island in order to open up the interior; and second, a deal had to be struck with the French which would allow the industrial development of the west coast. He also wanted to see St John’s grow into a major port, and advocated building a large dry dock there. These plans depended on the cooperation of the imperial government, which alone could deal with the French, and which, it was hoped, would assist in the railway and dock schemes for strategic reasons. Whiteway pressed his case in London in 1879. The Colonial Office was sympathetic, if only because Whiteway proved to be less intransigent than many Newfoundlanders on the subject of the French Shore. A meeting was arranged between him and the French foreign minister, where he impressed the British ambassador with his “ability, tact and indeed moderation.” But nothing concrete came of the interview, and the British government refused assistance for dock and railway building, on the grounds that these were works of domestic rather than imperial significance.
There were eventually some concessions from London. In 1881 the colonial government was granted sole authority to appoint magistrates on the French Shore and allowed to make conditional land grants there; and by the time of the 1882 election, settlers on the west coast were able to vote. This process of incorporating the shore into the colony’s administrative framework had started under Carter, and Whiteway would have liked to complement it by welding the two sides of the island together with his projected railway. But besides refusing financial assistance, the British government was reluctant to allow a terminus on the west coast. Whiteway fell back on a plan for an east coast railway which might in time form part of a trans-island line. His proposal that a narrow-gauge line be built from St John’s to Halls Bay was approved by the legislature in 1880. Tenders were called, a location survey was started, and a heated public debate sprang up that presaged new political divisions. The first rumblings of opposition came from among Whiteway’s Conservative supporters, as some of the larger fish merchants began to voice serious misgivings at “an experience so new, so expensive, so divergent from our ordinary habits and wants, and at the same time so irretrievable in its results for good or evil.” They feared that the scheme might well lead to colonial bankruptcy and confederation, and in the process severely harm their businesses.
Whiteway and his pro-railway supporters were not much worried, since they could count on the support of the Liberal opposition, now led by Joseph Ignatius Little. By early 1881 the government was considering two tenders, with Whiteway championing that submitted by Albert L. Blackman on behalf of a New York syndicate, a course that set him against Ambrose Shea, a leading Liberal who backed a Canadian tender. Governor Glover and others suspected that Whiteway was guilty of conflict of interest, alleging that Blackman’s capitalists were the same as those behind the recently formed Newfoundland Consolidated Copper Mining Company, of which Whiteway was a local director, and which stood to gain from the railway. The premier vehemently denied such accusations, and pushed the Blackman tender through the cabinet, and then through the legislature amid stormy debates that crystallized the new political alignments. Provoked by a merchants’ petition against the railway, he sounded a populist note by promising “to raise the working class to their proper position in the body politic.”
Under the name of the Newfoundland Railway Company the Blackman syndicate began work in 1881. The following year the syndicate made two further agreements with the government. The first was for a charter to build a direct, standard-gauge line across the island as part of a transatlantic “Short Line” system, and the second for a contract to construct a dry dock at St John’s. These three ambitious agreements were the central issue in the 1882 election. Whiteway’s Conservatives, now in open and formal alliance with the Liberals and trumpeting the virtues of the new “Policy of Progress,” faced an amorphous New party headed by James Johnstone Rogerson. This was merchant-oriented, exclusively Protestant, and had the difficult task of trying to persuade the voters that Whiteway’s policies were unwise and dangerous. It failed, and Whiteway won a large majority; his position seemed impregnable.
Yet Whiteway’s second ministry was to collapse within three years. The Blackman syndicate proved to be undercapitalized and inefficient. The railway company was in financial difficulties by late 1882, work on the main line halted in the spring of 1884, and bankruptcy soon followed. The dock contract was transferred to another concern, and the direct line was never started. Moreover, the colony moved into a period of profound economic crisis. The New party regrouped for a concerted attack, arguing that potentially expensive schemes such as the railway should be suspended, and attention concentrated on the fishery, which was suffering from severe competition in European saltfish markets. Believing that a major cause of the difficulties was the expansion of the subsidized French fishery on the Grand Banks, the New party advocated attacking the French bankers by preventing the export of bait fishes from Newfoundland’s south coast. In contrast, Whiteway’s view was still that the development of the interior and the west coast was of primary importance, and that a deal with the French was preferable to economic warfare. Indeed, by 1883–84 the Whiteway government and the Colonial Office were discussing an agreement whereby the French would loosen their hold on the Treaty Shore in return for access to Newfoundland bait. A draft convention on this basis was subsequently accepted by France. To the New party this was a suicidal policy. Its leaders began to mobilize Protestant opinion against Whiteway’s reliance on Catholic support.
This strategy was aided by religious tensions aroused in the wake of an affray at Harbour Grace in December 1883. Nineteen Catholics were arrested and charged with the murder of four Orangemen. Their acquittal in two trials, in which Whiteway led the prosecution, destroyed the Conservative-Liberal coalition. Early in 1885 Orangemen in the assembly moved an amendment which referred to the trials as a “disgraceful failure of justice.” Whiteway’s subsequent behaviour was conditioned by his desire for political survival and also by a latent anti-Catholicism. He appears to have calculated that his best chance lay in jettisoning his Catholic supporters and making a bid for the leadership of a united Protestant party. He therefore drafted an amendment which avoided criticizing the Supreme Court but nevertheless contained wording offensive to Catholics. His Catholic supporters – including Shea and Robert John Kent* – were forced into opposition, but Whiteway was unable to obtain the leadership of a Protestant party. Instead, a series of Byzantine moves resulted in the formation of the Reform party under the compromise leadership of Robert Thorburn. Whiteway resigned the premiership early in October 1885, and did not run in the election which followed. The agreed price was a seat on the Legislative Council and the reversion of the chief justiceship. Whiteway was widely criticized for abandoning his party and for weakness in not contesting the election, and with some justification. But it should be remembered that by the fall of 1885 he was politically isolated and that electioneering would have done him little good.
Whiteway received a seat neither on the bench nor in the upper house, and was soon moving restlessly in the wings. Nevertheless, he seems to have been ambivalent about an early return to public life. In July 1887 Robert Bond* and Alfred Bishop Morine*, who were sitting in opposition as independent Whitewayites, bluntly demanded that he make tip his mind whether to enter active politics again; if not, they would either seek other allies or retire. In September Whiteway announced his return.
If Bond looked to Whiteway to lead a revived party, Morine, a devious Nova Scotian, was more interested in obtaining his acquiescence in an elaborate scheme to bring Newfoundland into confederation. At Morine’s prompting Sir Charles Tupper* visited St John’s in October 1887, and he raised the matter with the Thorburn government and with Bond and Whiteway, both of whom apparently indicated that they were sympathetic. There was hope that confederation might be carried by a coalition of the Whiteway party and a confederate faction within the Reform party whose most prominent member was James Spearman Winter*. The plot collapsed in 1888 when Bond concluded that for the party to associate itself with confederation would be unwise, and exerted pressure on Whiteway to resist Morine’s influence. Tupper told Sir John A. Macdonald* that Whiteway’s change of mind had killed confederation, and it had certainly been an important factor. But it was by no means the only one; few Newfoundland politicians would risk their careers for the sake of union with Canada.
Whiteway could have contested a by-election that fall and returned to the assembly. He chose not to do so, and concentrated on building a party for the 1889 election. Since the old Catholic Liberal party had finally expired in 1886, Whiteway now appropriated the Liberal label. But his manifesto and slogans were direct descendants of the Conservative campaigns of 1878 and 1882. “Vote for the Friend of the Workingman and the Apostle of Progress,” shouted the Evening Telegram. The attractiveness of the Liberal campaign, with its pledge to complete the railway, combined with the unpopularity of the Reform government gave Whiteway a substantial victory. This was the first Newfoundland general election in which the secret ballot was used, and contemporaries thought that it allowed the expression of a class prejudice to which the Liberals appealed with their anti-mercantile broadsides.
The election took place early in November, but it was more than a month before Whiteway took over. Though his party and cabinet were composed of relatively inexperienced men – he alone had held executive office – Whiteway was no longer the energetic and dominant force that he had once been. The collapse of his previous government and his time out of active politics seem to have left him more of a trimmer, and reliant on such colleagues as Bond and Augustus William Harvey. His party was prone to factionalism, and as a result the government tended to lack decisiveness, particularly in handling difficult external affairs. The New party’s rejection of the draft French Shore convention negotiated by Whiteway and the enforcement of the Bait Act of 1887 [see Thorburn] had ushered in an acute period of disputes over the Treaty Shore. The central issue now was whether the French – or any fishermen for that matter – had the right to take and can lobsters there. The British government from past experience thought that Whiteway would prove more conciliatory than his predecessors. Instead it found him just as obstinate. There were two reasons. Within the party Bond and Harvey exerted considerable influence, and both opposed further concessions to the French. Outside it, the Reform party formed the Patriotic Association expressly to embarrass the new government by beating the patriotic drum. The occasion was the signature of an Anglo-French modus vivendi in March 1890 to govern the lobster fishery which, in its final form, had not received colonial approval, and which appeared to make concessions to France. The situation was complicated by the realization that no legislation existed authorizing the British government to enforce the French Shore treaties.
The Colonial Office tried to persuade Newfoundland to pass the necessary bill, but any chance of cooperation was scuttled when, bending to Canadian pressure, the British government refused to allow a draft reciprocity treaty that Bond negotiated with the United States late in 1890. Never enthusiastic about reciprocity, Whiteway none the less joined in the furious protests which emanated from St John’s, and his government retaliated by refusing to grant bait licences to Canadian vessels.
The Canadians reacted by once again floating the idea of confederation, but to no avail. In London, the imperial government prepared to pass legislation enforcing the French treaties. The Newfoundland legislature at once dispatched a delegation, headed by Whiteway, charged with preventing the passage of what was known locally and evocatively as the “Coercion Bill.” On 23 April 1891 Whiteway addressed the House of Lords in an able speech which was apparently well received. His offer to adopt temporary legislation for the 1891 season while the terms of a permanent act were settled was eventually accepted, though it proved difficult to persuade the legislature in St John’s, where Bond was in full patriotic cry, that this was the best available compromise. There was, however, no settlement of the dispute with Canada, and in December 1891 a tariff war began between the two neighbours.
If the House of Lords speech had been one of Whiteway’s finer moments, the 1892 session saw what was probably his greatest humiliation. His cabinet refused to adopt as a government or party measure the draft permanent bill that he had spent much of the previous summer negotiating in Britain. Deserted by his colleagues and by all members of the London delegation except Harvey, he had to introduce the bill as a personal measure. It was defeated on the grounds that it conceded too much to the French and froze a situation which it was to the colony’s advantage to keep fluid. Whiteway’s argument that the house was reneging on a commitment was ignored, as was his warning that its intransigence would doom the planned imperial guarantee for a Newfoundland development loan. Whiteway never forgave Bond for his prominent role in this affair.
It must have given him some bleak satisfaction, then, that the 1892 session saw an end to Bond’s policy of retaliation against Canada. The two governments agreed to resume the status quo ante pending a conference to discuss outstanding disputes. A meeting at Halifax in November 1892 achieved little, however. The Newfoundland side, headed by Whiteway, refused to discuss confederation; and the Canadians refused to drop their objections to Newfoundland’s negotiating a separate reciprocity treaty. Newfoundland learned that in its external affairs its policies were to be subordinate to Canadian as well as imperial interests, a lesson which Whiteway much resented.
Outside élite political circles the arcana of external relations had little relevance. Far more important to most voters was the fact that the Whiteway government had delivered on its promise to resume railway building. In 1890 a contract had been signed with Robert Gillespie Reid of Montreal to complete the line to Halls Bay. In 1893 the government concluded two further contracts with Reid, which provided for the continuation of the railway to Port aux Basques (Channel-Port aux Basques), on the west coast, and that Reid would operate the system for ten years. The rebuilding of St John’s after the great fire of 1892 (which had destroyed Whiteway’s law office) also contributed to maintaining relatively high levels of employment. As a result, though the government was subject to serious internal strains, it stood to win the 1893 election if it held together. Since Whiteway was a popular figure with the electorate, there was no challenge to his leadership. The campaign was expensive and bitter, but the Liberals won with a comfortable majority.
The opposition Tories were now guided in matters of strategy by Morine. Early in 1894 they counterattacked by filing petitions alleging corrupt practice against Whiteway and 16 other Liberals. The judgement in the first case to be heard unseated two Liberals on the grounds that they had manipulated public funds to influence voters. Whiteway was outraged that normal practice should be judged corrupt practice, and realized that all those petitioned against were likely to lose their seats. He therefore asked Governor Sir John Terence Nicholls O’Brien to agree either to a bill indemnifying those petitioned against or to a dissolution. O’Brien refused to intervene, and on 11 April the Whiteway government resigned, to be replaced by a minority Tory administration led by Augustus Frederick Goodridge. Though supply had not been passed, the legislature was prorogued indefinitely while the court worked its way through the petitions.
Whiteway’s behaviour over the next few months was less than dignified; indeed, O’Brien reported a rumour that “through rage and vindictiveness Sir W. Whiteway has gone off his head.” In mid June Whiteway led a mob along Water Street in St John’s to demonstrate against the collection of customs duties after the supply legislation had expired. Violence was averted only by the arrival of mounted police. This incident marked the high point of political tension, which thereafter subsided. The government lost a temporary majority achieved once the election trials were over, since by-elections in the fall returned Liberal members – though not those who had been unseated, including Whiteway, for they were disqualified from sitting in the existing house. The Tories hung on until December, when they resigned following the crash of the two local banks [see James Goodfellow*]. A Liberal administration was formed by Daniel Joseph Greene, which in turn introduced legislation to remove the disqualifications from the unseated members. Once this had been approved by a humiliated governor, Greene resigned. By 8 Feb. 1895 Whiteway had formed a government. He eventually found himself a vacant seat representing Harbour Grace.
The country’s situation was desperate. The bank crash caused a severe if temporary disruption in trade, and the government was on the verge of bankruptcy. Unable to raise a loan, and unwilling to submit to an inquiry by royal commission which was the prerequisite for imperial aid, the Whiteway government dispatched a delegation to Ottawa in late March to discuss confederation. It was led by Bond, Whiteway apparently suffering from “severe nervous depression and internal complications” caused by mental strain and overwork: hardly surprising, given the events of the previous year and his loss of $26,000 in the bank crash. The negotiations foundered on British parsimony and Canadian caution. In a final attempt to stave off default and imperial intervention, Bond set off for Montreal to try to raise a loan. Aided by R. G. Reid, he managed what many had thought impossible: his success clearly marked him out as the successor to the 67-year-old Whiteway.
The Liberal government’s political position deteriorated over the next two years. The economic situation remained difficult, and sorting out the implications of the bank crash proved to be lengthy and controversial. The senior members of the party were divided, the new governor, Sir Herbert Harley Murray, was hostile, and morale seems to have collapsed. While Whiteway was in London in 1897 for Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee celebrations and the Colonial Conference, Bond and Edward Patrick Morris* did little if any organizing for the election to be held that fall. In the event the Liberals trotted out much the same propaganda as in previous contests. This time it was not enough. The railway was virtually complete, the price of fish was at its lowest point for 45 years, and promises of a new Newfoundland seemed hollow. The Tories under James S. Winter ran an imaginative campaign and won a comfortable majority. Whiteway was defeated in his old district of Trinity Bay.
Whiteway did not retire with grace and dignity. He remained titular head of the Liberal party until October 1899 when Bond, who had been leading it in the assembly, took over in confused circumstances, some claiming that the old man went voluntarily, others that he had been knifed. In any case, it did not take long for Whiteway to open hostilities once Bond became premier in 1900. He launched a lawsuit claiming $21,000 from the government for various services performed over many years, and in November 1901 let it be known that he intended to return to public life. His support of a Tory candidate at a by-election in 1902 showed that he would be opposing the government, ostensibly because of the way in which Bond had handled the revision of the unpopular railway contract that Winter and Morine had negotiated with Reid in 1898. However, it is hard to escape the conclusion that Whiteway was driven by a deep-seated personal resentment against Bond and his former party. He criticized the terms of the French Shore settlement of 1904, as well as Bond’s forest policies. Unable to come to terms with other opposition groups, he prepared to lead an independent party in the 1904 election. Eventually he did amalgamate his following with others in the United Opposition party, which ran several former premiers as candidates. The party and all the ex-premiers were defeated; and, in a sad end to his career, Whiteway came bottom of the poll at Harbour Grace.
There was sadness in his personal life as well. In 1899 his daughter by his first marriage had died in South Africa, where he travelled to fetch the body home. Between 1905 and 1908 three of the six children of his second marriage passed away. In the latter year Whiteway himself died at the age of 80 after half a century in public life, and 14 years as a premier, a record unmatched by any other Newfoundland politician in the pre-confederation period.
The principal monument to Whiteway’s contributions was, until the rails were taken up in 1989, the Newfoundland Railway. A central and consistent theme of his career was his conviction that the Newfoundland economy could be diversified through the development of land-based natural resources, and that the indispensable key was the construction of a railway through the interior. His determination in the face of widespread hostility and suspicion ensured that the railway was built, and that St John’s received its first dry dock. A linked concern was a new French Shore agreement which would allow economic development on the island’s west coast. Whiteway showed considerable skill in obtaining concessions from London and in negotiating the draft Anglo-French convention of 1885. His policies foundered in the mid 1880s with the crisis that engulfed the Newfoundland economy during the last 20 years of the 19th century, and thereafter he became a less confident leader. His governments were characterized by dissension., and he was himself frequently criticized for weakness. By the early 1890s he would have liked to have left politics to become chief justice or a colonial governor. Neither position came his way, however, and being reluctant to retire simply to practice law, he carried on to a humiliating defeat and an embittered old age. There were those who reckoned that Whiteway stayed on because of the opportunity to make money – an accusation supported by an estate valued in 1908 at $76,000 in spite of his losses in the bank crash – and because he liked popular acclaim. True though these observations may be, it should not be forgotten that Whiteway had a genuine if overly optimistic vision of Newfoundland’s future; and that behind the public bitterness of his later years was a man who, in his personal life, was well liked for his charm, humour, and geniality, and for his long service to the Anglican church and the masonic order. Not brilliant as a lawyer or politician, and with ambitions that outstripped his abilities, Whiteway nevertheless made a significant mark on Newfoundland’s history, if only because he was the first to articulate visions of future prosperity that became the common coin of many politicians who followed him, including Joseph Roberts Smallwood*, who clearly saw himself as part of the Liberal tradition that Whiteway had begun.
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