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21752	yago	0	19	https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/more-than-a-pretty-face-lady-percys-first-lines.html	en	More than a Pretty Face: Lady Percy's First Lines	https://shakespeareshenr…3788306_orig.jpg	https://shakespeareshenr…3788306_orig.jpg	[ "https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/uploads/5/0/7/7/50774401/3788306_orig.jpg", "https://cdn2.editmysite.com/images/site/footer/footer-toast-published-image-1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Carley Becker	en		Shakespeare's Henriad<br />and the Archives	https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/more-than-a-pretty-face-lady-percys-first-lines.html
21752	yago	0	39	http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/ps01/ps01_374.html	en	Henry Percy , 2nd Earl of Northumberland			[ "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/img/i_close.png", "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/img/i_menu.png", "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/pi01/pi01_374.jpg", "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/img/i_tree.png", "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/img/i_photo.png", "http://www.lmperry.net/Perry-Poole-Tree/img/i_tree.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Misc. Notes Titles: Earl of Northumberland (1377 cr - 2nd) Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, (3 February 1392 /1393 â 22 May 1455) was the son of Henry Percy and his wife Elizabeth de Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet. He was restored to favor in 1416 by Henry V of England, receiving the estates of his paternal grandfather Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland the re-creation of his earldom. He was apparently loyal to Henry V till the death of the later on 31 August 1422. Henry V was succeeded by his one-year-old son Henry VI of England. Percy was on the regency council in the early years of the new reign. Percy was later involved in the Wars of the Roses which placed him in an awkward situation. He owed his loyalty to the House of Lancaster but was first cousin of Anne Mortimer and kinsman to her son Richard, Duke of York, head of the House of York. On 22 May, 1455, Percy fought on the Lancastrian side in the First Battle of St Albans, first battle of the Wars. He was among the casualties. Percy married Lady Eleanor Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and his second wife Joan Beaufort. Her siblings included Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Cecily Neville. They had ten children.
21752	yago	0	4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	en	Henry Percy (Hotspur)	https://upload.wikimedia…of_Otterburn.jpg	https://upload.wikimedia…of_Otterburn.jpg	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg/250px-Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%28Hotspur%29.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%28Hotspur%29.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wressle-Castle-29042011.jpg/290px-Wressle-Castle-29042011.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Warkworth_Castle_interior%2C_2007.jpg/290px-Warkworth_Castle_interior%2C_2007.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2002-08-15T23:08:52+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	14th-century English noble (1364–1403) Sir Henry Percy (20 May 1364 – 21 July 1403), nicknamed Hotspur or Harry Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hotspur" was given to him by the Scots as a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack. The heir to a leading noble family in northern England, Hotspur was one of the earliest and prime movers behind the deposition of King Richard II in favour of Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. He later fell out with the new regime and rebelled, and was slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 at the height of his fame. Career [edit] Henry Percy was born 20 May 1364 at either Alnwick Castle or Warkworth Castle in Northumberland, the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 2nd Lord Neville of Raby, and Alice de Audley.[1] He was knighted by King Edward III in April 1377, together with the future kings Richard II and Henry IV.[2] In 1380, he was in Ireland with the Earl of March,[3] and in 1383, he travelled in Prussia.[4] He was appointed Warden of the East March either on 30 July 1384 or in May 1385,[4] and in 1385 accompanied Richard II on an expedition into Scotland.[1] "As a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack" on the Scottish borders, the Scots bestowed on him the name 'Haatspore'.[2] In April 1386, he was sent to France to reinforce the garrison at Calais and led raids into Picardy. Between August and October 1387, he was in command of a naval force in an attempt to relieve the siege of Brest.[4] In appreciation of these military endeavours, at the age of 24 he was made a Knight of the Garter in 1388.[4] Reappointed as Warden of the East March, he commanded the English forces against James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, at the Battle of Otterburn on 10 August 1388, where he was captured, but soon ransomed for 7000 marks.[2] During the next few years Percy's reputation continued to grow. Although not 30, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Cyprus in June 1393 and appointed Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine (1394–98) on behalf of John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine.[2] He returned to England in January 1395, taking part in Richard II's expedition to Ireland, and was back in Aquitaine the following autumn. In the summer of 1396, he was again in Calais.[3] Percy's military and diplomatic service brought him substantial marks of royal favour in the form of grants and appointments,[4] but despite this, the Percy family decided to support Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV, in his rebellion against Richard II. On Henry's return from exile in June 1399, Percy and his father joined his forces at Doncaster and marched south with them. After King Richard's deposition, Percy and his father were "lavishly rewarded" with lands and offices.[3] Under the new king, Percy had extensive civil and military responsibility in both the East March towards Wales, where he was appointed High Sheriff of Flintshire in 1399, and in the north toward Scotland. In north Wales, he was under increasing pressure as a result of the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. In March 1402, Henry IV appointed Percy royal lieutenant in north Wales, and on 14 September 1402, Percy, his father, and the Earl of Dunbar and March defeated a Scottish force at the Battle of Homildon Hill. Among others, they made a prisoner of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas.[1] Rebellion, death and exhumation [edit] In spite of the favour that Henry IV showed the Percys in many respects, they became increasingly discontented with him. Among their grievances were: The king's failure to pay the wages due them for defending the Scottish border The king's favour towards Dunbar The king's demand that the Percys hand over their Scottish prisoners The king's failure to put an end to Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion through a negotiated settlement The king's increasing promotion of his son's (Prince Henry) military authority in Wales The king's failure to ransom Henry Percy's brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, whom the Welsh had captured in June 1402[5] Spurred by these grievances, the Percys rebelled in the summer of 1403 and took up arms against the king. According to J. M. W. Bean, it is clear that the Percys were in collusion with Glyndŵr. On his return to England shortly after the victory at Homildon Hill, Henry Percy issued proclamations in Cheshire accusing the king of 'tyrannical government'.[3] Joined by his uncle, Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, Percy marched to Shrewsbury, where he intended to do battle against a force there under the command of the Prince of Wales. The army of his father, however, was slow to move south, and it was without the assistance of his father that Henry Percy and Worcester arrived at Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403, where they encountered the king with a large army. The ensuing Battle of Shrewsbury was fierce, with heavy casualties on both sides but, when Henry Percy himself was struck down and killed, his own forces fled.[3] The circumstances of Percy's death differ in accounts. The chronicler Thomas Walsingham stated in his Historia Anglicana that "while he led his men in the fight rashly penetrating the enemy host, [Hotspur] was unexpectedly cut down, by whose hand is not known". Another account states that Percy was struck in the face by an arrow when he opened his vizor for a better view.[6] This is the view taken by Alnwick Castle, home of Hotspur’s descendants and place where a statue of him is exhibited. The legend that he was killed by the Prince of Wales seems to have been given currency by William Shakespeare, writing at the end of the following century. The Earl of Worcester was executed two days later.[7] King Henry, upon being brought Percy's body after the battle, is said to have wept. The body was taken by Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, to Whitchurch, Shropshire, for burial. However, when rumours circulated that Percy was still alive, the king "had the corpse exhumed and displayed it, propped upright between two millstones, in the market place at Shrewsbury".[3] That being done, Percy was subjected to posthumous execution. The king dispatched Percy's head to York, where it was impaled on the Micklegate Bar (one of the city's gates). His four-quarters were separately displayed in London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and Chester before they were finally delivered to his widow. She had the body buried in York Minster in November of that year.[9] In January 1404, Percy was posthumously attainted, declared guilty of high treason, and his titles and lands were declared forfeit to the Crown.[citation needed] Marriage and issue [edit] Henry Percy married Elizabeth Mortimer, the eldest daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and his wife, Philippa, the only child of Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster.[10] By her he had two children: Name Lifespan Notes Henry 3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455 2nd Earl of Northumberland; married Eleanor Neville, by whom he had issue. He was slain at the First Battle of St Albans during the Wars of the Roses.[11] Elizabeth c.1395 – 26 October 1436 Married firstly John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford, slain at the Siege of Meaux on 13 March 1422, by whom she had issue, and secondly Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland (d. 3 November 1484), by whom she had a son, Sir John Neville.[12] Sometime after 3 June 1406, Elizabeth Mortimer married, as her second husband, Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys, by whom she had a son, Sir Roger Camoys.[13] Thomas Camoys distinguished himself as a soldier in command of the rearguard of the English army at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415.[14] Legacy [edit] Henry Percy, 'Hotspur', is one of Shakespeare's best-known characters. In Henry IV, Part 1, Percy is portrayed as the same age as his rival, Prince Hal, by whom he is slain in single combat. In fact, he was 23 years older than Prince Hal, the future King Henry V, who was a youth of 16 at the date of the Battle of Shrewsbury. One of England's football clubs, Tottenham Hotspur F.C., is named after Hotspur, who lived in the region and whose descendants owned land in the neighbourhood of the club's first ground in the Tottenham Marshes. He was also well known for having a highly favoured enjoyment of watching cockfighting, hence the club's badge symbol. [15][16][17] A 14-foot (4.3 m) statue of Henry Percy was unveiled in Alnwick by the Duke of Northumberland in 2010.[18] Tom Glynn-Carney portrayed Hotspur in The King (2019). Sean Connery portrayed Hotspur with Robert Hardy as Prince Hal. The 1960 production was part of a BBC series An Age of Kings, a synthesis of Shakespeare's histories, with the episodes (3 & 4) featuring Hotspur first broadcast in summer 1960. References [edit] Bean, J. M. W. (2004). "Percy, Henry, first earl of Northumberland (1341–1408)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21932 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)(subscription required) Brown, A. L. (2004). "Percy, Thomas, earl of Worcester (c.1343–1403)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21955 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)(subscription required) Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. II. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 506–510. Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 713–714. Holmes, George (2004). "Mortimer, Edmund (III), third earl of March and earl of Ulster (1352–1381)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19342 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). "Percy, Henry (1364-1403)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Leland, John L. (2004). "Camoys, Thomas, Baron Camoys (c.1350–1420/21)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4461 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required) Pugh, T. B. (1988). Henry V and the Southampton Plot of 1415. Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-541-8 Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6637-3 Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6639-X Tout, T. F., rev. R. R. Davies (2004). "Mortimer, Sir Edmund (IV) (1376–1408/9)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19343 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Walker, Simon (2004). "Percy, Sir Henry (1364–1403), soldier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21931. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
21752	yago	1	34	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/hotspur/	en	The History Jar	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	[ "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/cropped-IMG_0160.jpg", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/lionel-of-antwerp.jpg?resize=201%2C422&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mortimer-family-tree-part-one.jpg?resize=584%2C368&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/P6090409.jpg?resize=292%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/P6090410.jpg?resize=361%2C481&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0030.jpg?resize=584%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0042.jpg?resize=335%2C503&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0047.jpg?resize=421%2C632&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Joan-Beaufort.jpg?resize=392%2C546&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jane-seymour-emblem.png?resize=224%2C324&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/panther-close-blog.jpg?resize=213%2C500&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2014/09/white-rose.jpg?resize=226%2C223&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2013/04/images-8.jpeg?resize=196%2C257&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/glossary-of-words.png?fit=282%2C300&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/coin.jpg?fit=223%2C226&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/robert-dudley-mine.jpg?w=580&h=580&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kingmakers-women.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/medieval-mistresses.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/isabel-de-clare.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image001-1024x206.png", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/image002-1024x204.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00	Posts about Hotspur written by JuliaH	en	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	The History Jar	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/hotspur/	Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated. Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words. There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult. Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys. Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III. If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior. In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother – During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law. No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses. Like this: Like Loading... In 1415 there were about 78 peel or pele towers in Northumberland. These towers were essentially private fortifications for protection in the event of Scottish raids – or neighbours you didn’t necessarily agree with. The idea was that you could secure your family and portable valuables until it was safe to emerge or help arrived – beacons were kept on the top of the towers which could be lit to summon help and to worn the surrounding countryside of danger. Peel towers were an architecture that resulted from the Scottish Wars of Independence. Some of the peel towers were not ordinarily used as dwellings – rather they should be considered refuges in times of trouble whilst at the other end of the spectrum places like Aydon Castle near Hexham resemble castles. Preston Tower was built by Sir Robert Harbottle at the end of the fourteenth century. Sir Robert was a man of his time. He was part of the affinity of Sir Mathew Radmayne of Levens and rose in Redmayne’s service. When Harbottle murdered a man in Methley in Yorkshire in 1392 it was Redmayne and his successor who secured Harbottle’s pardon. You’d have thought that Harbottle would have kept his head down but it wasn’t long before he came to the attention of the law once again when he took part in a raid on the Yorkshire property of Isabel Fauconberg stealing her property as well as the property of her tenants. A commission was set up to investigate but somehow or other Harbottle escaped the consequence of his crimes once more. Henry IV, having taken the crown from his cousin Richard II, made him constable of Dunstanburgh Castle in 1399 – clearly not having read his cv beforehand. He even managed to acquire one of the wardenship of the east march – essentially turning Harbottle into the law. Perhaps it’s not surprising that since he did so well from the Red Rose monarchs that Harbottle was loyal to both Henry IV and Henry V even when the Percy family rebelled against them. Having bagged himself an heiress in the form of Isabel Monbourcher, Harbottle had risen from henchman to man of wealth and influence. When Hotspur rebelled against Henry IV, Harbottle was able to claim a better share of his wife’s inheritance – so it would appear that luck was on his side as well. In between times Harbottle had served in Henry IV’s army in 1400 against the Scots and became a member for parliament. In short he had become part of the gentry in the north and had a good stout peel tower to prove it. Preston Tower has walls which are over two metres thick, is three storeys high and has rooms off the main chamber at each level. It was described by Pevsner as one of the best bits of medieval architecture in the country. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/harbottle-robert-1419 Like this: Like Loading... Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role. As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth. Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne. It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV. The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr. It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester. Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster. Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV. The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor. Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time. For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html Like this: Like Loading... Eleanor was born in about 1397 to Joan Beaufort and Ralph Neville, 1st earl of Westmorland. Eleanor, like the rest of her sisters, was married off to another cousin – Richard le Despenser- who if you want to be exact was her second cousin. His mother was Constance of York who was the daughter of John of Gaunt’s younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York. The pair were married some time after 1412 but he died in 1414 aged only seventeen. He’s buried in Tewkesbury Abbey along with his other more notorious Despenser ancestors – his two times great grandfather was Hugh Despenser who was Edward II’s favourite. Once again though the Nevilles’ had made a wealthy match for their child. The Despensers were amongst the wealthiest families in the country and were also Plantagenet in ancestry thanks to Constance. Richard’s early death meant that the title of Baron Burghersh, which he had inherited from Constance, passed to Richard’s sister Isabella. Just from point of interest it is worth noting that she would marry the Earl of Warwick and in turn her daughter, Anne Beauchamp, would marry a certain Richard Neville – better known to history as the Kingmaker – demonstrating once again that very few families held the reins of power during the medieval period and that they were all interconnected. Eleanor meanwhile married into one of the great northern families – the Percy family – which must have caused her heartbreak in later years given that the Percy-Neville feud would be one of the triggers for the Wars of the Roses. Henry Percy, the 2nd Earl of Northumberland was the son of “Hostpur.” In a strange twist his family hadn’t done terribly well under the Lancastrian kings despite supporting Henry Bolingbroke against his cousin Richard II. The Percys had been rewarded in the first instance but had become disillusioned by Henry IV. Both Henry Percy’s father and grandfather had been killed as a result of rebelling against Henry IV. It was only when Henry V ascended the throne that our particular Henry Percy was able to return from exile in Scotland in 1413. It was at the same time that Eleanor’s parents arranged the marriage between Henry and Eleanor. It says something that Joan Beaufort who was the king’s aunt when all was said and done was able to work at a reconciliation between the king and the house of Percy whilst at the same time strengthening the Neville affinity in the north. Percy, having returned to the fold, did what fifteenth century nobility did – he fought the Scots and the French. He was also a member of the privy council during Henry VI’s minority. But by the 1440s Percy was in dispute with various northerners over land. He had a disagreement of the violent kind with the Archbishop of York and then fell out with the Nevilles which was unfortunate because not only was he married to Eleanor but he’d married his sister to the 2nd earl of Westmorland (let’s just set aside the Neville-Neville feud for the moment). The problem between the Percys and the Nevilles arose from a disagreement over land. Eleanor’s brother, the Earl of Salisbury married his son Thomas to Maud Stanhope who was the niece of Lord Cromwell. Wressle Castle passed into the hands of the Nevilles as a result of the marriage. The Percy family was not pleased as the castle was traditionally one of their properties. Eleanor’s husband did not become involved in a physical fight with his in-laws but his younger son Thomas, Lord Egremont did. He attacked Thomas Neville and Maud Stanhope’s wedding party at Heworth Moor in August 1453. The two families were forced to make the peace with one another but the hostility continued to mount. The Nevilles were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy faction adhered to York’s opponents who happened to be best represented by Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset of represented Henry VI. The feuding which was really about dominance in the north was a bit like a set of dominoes knocking against one another until the whole affair moved from local to national significance. Each side became more and more determined to support their “national” representative in the hope that either York or Somerset would gain the upper hand and the patronage system would see rewards in the form of confirmation of landownership. Henry Percy was with the king on 22 May 1455 at St Albans and was killed. At the time it was regarded as the Earl of Salisbury’s way of dealing with the problem- meaning that he targeted and killed his own brother-in-law. This in its turn escalated the hostility between the two factions. The death of Eleanor’s husband made the Percy family Lancastrians to the back-bone and would ensure that the feud continued across the battle fields of the Wars of the Roses. Eleanor and Henry had ten children. Their eldest son called John died young. The next boy – inevitably called Henry- became the 3rd Earl of Northumberland upon his father’s death in 1455 and he in his turn was killed in 1461 at the Battle of Towton along with his brother Richard. Eleanor’s son Henry had his own feud with the Nevilles on account of his marriage into the Poynings family. This Henry was present at the council meeting in 1458 that demanded recompense for the events of St Albans in 1455. He took part in the so-called Love-day orchestrated by Henry VI to demonstrate an end of the feuding but in reality Henry worked politically to have his Neville relations attainted of treason by the Coventry Parliament and he was on hand to take his revenge at Wakefield in 1460 when Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury were killed. Thomas Percy, Baron Egremont, the Percy responsible for the attack at Heworth Moor, was killed in 1460 at the Battle of Northampton. Ralph Percy was killed in 1464 at the Battle of Hedgeley Moor near Hexham leaving George who died in 1474 and William Percy who was the Bishop of Carlisle ( he died in 1462). Rather unfortunately for the troubled family, Eleanor’s daughter Katherine was married to Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent – the name may be familiar. He was the man who laid down his weapons in the middle of the Battle of Northampton costing Henry VI the battle. Another daughter Anne, lost her first husband in 1469 after he joined with the Earl of Warwick in conspiring to put Henry VI back on the throne and finally as you might expect there was a daughter called Joan who married into the northern gentry. Eleanor’s son Henry was posthumously attainted of treason after Towton by Edward IV. Her grandson, another Henry, was packed off to prison and would only be released when Edward IV shook off the influence of the Kingmaker in 1470. The Percy family lost the earldom of Northumberland in the short term to the Neville family as a result of their loyalty to Henry VI in 1464 when Edward IV handed it over to the Nevilles in the form of John Neville Lord Montagu but unfortunately for Montagu Northumberland’s tenantry did not take kindly to the change in landlord and Edward IV found himself reappointing the Percys to the earldom – which contributed massively to the Kingmaker throwing his toys from his pram and turning coat. The new Earl of Northumberland – the fourth Henry Percy to hold the title had learned a lot from his father and grandfather. Instead of rushing out wielding weapons Eleanor’s grandson was much more considered in his approach. He did not oppose Edward IV and he did not support Richard III despite the fact that Richard returned lands which Edward IV had confiscated. This particular Earl of Northumberland was on the battlefield at Bosworth but took no part in the conflict. Once again the locals had the final word though – the fourth earl was killed in 1489 in Yorkshire by rioters complaining about the taxes…and possibly the earl’s failure to support the last white rose king. Eleanor died in 1472 having outlived her husband and most of her children. Michael Hicks makes the point that securing an inheritance and a title was extremely important to the medieval mindset. Once these had been gained the aim was to hold onto them. The Neville clan headed by Joan Beaufort appear to have been increasingly single-minded about the retention of title and property and this was the key deciding factor in the variety of feuds they became involved with. (Hicks:325). Just Cecily to go… Hicks, Michael, (1991)Richard III and His Rivals: Magnates and Their Motives in the Wars of the Roses. London: Bloomsbury Wagner, John A. (2001). The Encyclopaedia of the Wars of the Roses. Oxford: ABC Like this: Like Loading... Jane Seymour, perhaps the original Plain Jane if Chapuys comments are to be believed, became wife number three on 30th May 1536. She was another descendent of Edward III via Hotspur. She’d also been a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon and also to Anne Boleyn. One story said that Anne was deeply distressed to encounter Jane sitting on Henry’s lap. Her chosen motto was “Bound to serve and obey” – a wise choice given Henry’s complaints about wife number two and presumably wife number one’s implacable logic and argument. Her emblem is the phoenix rising from a tower surrounded by those burgeoning roses reflecting both a Plantagenet and Lancastrian inheritance. The pheonix is a symbol of love and renewal. Jane is the renewed Tudor hope for an heir. Jane would also be the queen who oversaw Henry’s return to a more traditional set of beliefs. She tried to reconcile him to Princess Mary and also interceded on behalf of the catholic pilgrims who’d revolted during the Pilgrimage of Grace. Her clemency wasn’t welcome so far as Henry was concerned and she swiftly retreated from the political field. It was February 1536 when word of Henry’s interest in Jane Seymour was first mentioned in ambassadorial dispatches and it wasn’t long before her brothers found themselves being rewarded with important posts and preferments. In 1537 Jane fell pregnant, a fact recorded by Edward Hall. The rejoicing must have been a little bit cautious given all the previous disappointments but on the 12 October she produced a boy, Edward, and then promptly died from complications on 24th October. Cromwell would later blame her attendants for giving her rich food and sweets but in reality it was likely to have been childbed fever that carried Jane off. Jane was very different from her predecessor, although Anne’s leopard was very swiftly adapted into Jane’s other symbol – the panther. The panther, heraldically speaking, is a more gentle animal than a leopard and can also represent Christ. He was also white and covered in multicoloured spots rather than being black. Examples can be found at Hampton Court looking rather splendid but it should also be remembered that Henry VI used a panther as a symbol as did the Beauforts. Double click on the image of the panther to find out more about the garden at Hampton Court. Jane wasn’t particularly well educated and reverted to older fashion styles when she became queen. Perhaps she thought that the higher neck lines would stop Henry being too attracted to her own ladies-in-waiting, she had after all had plenty of opportunity to watch what went on at court. Historians can’t agree as to whether she was an active player in inveigling Henry away from Anne or whether she was a pawn in the hands of her family. She kept her own counsel and did not live long enough to prove a disappointment to Henry. Like this: Like Loading... Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York. Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin. There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it. But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III. Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt. Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned). Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates. Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances. Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned! Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs. Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned. However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer. Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught. If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed. However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI. Like this: Like Loading... Young Henry Bolingbroke was just eleven years old when he carried the ceremonial sword at his cousin Richard II’s coronation. The king was a year younger than Henry. Henry, named after one of his father’s (John of Gaunt) Lincolnshire castles was also known as Henry of Lancaster. His mother was Blanche of Lancaster and as his father’s heir the title is one that makes sense. However, just to confused things he was also created the Earl of Derby and upon his marriage to Mary Bohun he was created Earl of Hereford – oh yes, then he deposed his cousin and became known as King Henry IV. Henry’s variety of names is confusing enough but his familial relations look like spaghetti rather than a tree. Henry’s grandfather was King Edward III, his father John of Gaunt and his mother Blanche of Lancaster. So, far so good. However, when Henry married Mary Bohun, who was just eleven at the time and remained at home with her widowed mother after the wedding, Henry’s aunt became his sister-in-law! Edward III’s youngest son Thomas of Woodstock was already married to Mary’s older sister Eleanor. They were the co-heiresses of the Earl of Hereford. Henry’s mother-in-law was the widow of the earl and the daughter of Richard FitzAlan third Earl of Arundel. As Richard II grew to manhood he became convinced about the authority of kings. It was this king who introduced the terms ‘Majesty’ and ‘Highness’. It was this king who demanded that anyone entering his presence should bow three times before they approached him. This high handed attitude, not to mention failure to go to war with France, didn’t win him friends within his family. Nor did his preference for ‘new men’ such as his chancellor Michael de La Pole help matters very much. Inevitably there were plots. Eventually in 1387 the Lords Appellant, as they became known, forced Richard to tow the line. He spent some time in the Tower – possibly on the naughty step. Amongst the Lords Appellant were Thomas of Woodstock (Henry’s uncle and brother-in-law) and Richard Fitzalan, the fourth Earl of Arundel (Henry’s uncle-in-law), Thomas Beauchamp (Earl of Warwick), Thomas Mowbray (Earl of Nottingham) and Henry himself. Of course, Richard didn’t take kindly to being told what to do by the nobility even if he was related to most of them. Eventually he regained his power and had Thomas of Woodstock sent to Calais where he ordered his royal uncle to be murdered. The man who organized this was another of Thomas’s nephews ….it’s always nice to see a happy extended family, isn’t it? Henry’s uncle-in-law, Arundel, was given a show trial and executed. The Earl of Warwick must have heaved a huge sigh of relief when he found himself on a slow boat to the Isle of Man with instructions not to come back. The king seized the estates of all three of these Lords Appellent. Henry and Mowbray seemed, at least for the time being, to have escaped Richard’s wrath. However, Mowbray suggested that the king would do to him and Henry what he’d done to the other three lords. The conversation was not a particularly private one and inevitably word got back to the king that Mowbray was plotting again. Henry denounced Mowbray before he could be accused of being involved. He went on to challenge Mowbray to trial by combat. The two men were to have met at Coventry on the 16th September 1398. They were just about to attack one another when Richard banned the combat and exiled its combatants: Mowbray for life, Henry for ten years – demonstrating that Mowbray had been right all along. Then John of Gaunt died. Richard changed Henry’s exile to life and claimed Lancaster’s estates as his own. Henry landed at Ravenspur in July 1399. Men flocked to his banner. Richard, who was in Ireland at the time, hurried to meet his cousin but by the time he reached Conway Castle it was evident that Richard had lost his kingdom to his cousin. Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV by popular acclaim. If Richard’s abdication was real rather than forced – and the deposed king was to die very soon afterwards in Pontefract Castle. The next rightful heir was eight-year-old Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March- and no one wanted another child on the throne. Henry however, did not claim his right to rule exclusively from his grandfather. He claimed his right to rule through his mother Blanche of Lancaster. Blanche was descended from Edmund Crouchback, the second surviving son of Henry III. Henry IV allowed it to be known that rather than being the second born, Edmund Crouchback was actually the first born child but had been set aside in favour of his brother Edward (King Edward I) on account of his ‘crouchback’. Given that crouchback meant cross-back it was probably a reference to his crusading zeal rather than any physical deformity. Henry did not have a peaceful reign. Owen Glendower rose with the Welsh in rebellion and the Earl of Northumberland joined in with his son ‘Hotspur’. Hotspur was the husband of Ann Mortimer and therefore uncle to Edmund Mortimer (the child with a better claim to the throne than Henry). It would be nice to think that he was outraged that his nephews Edmund and Roger Mortimer were being imprisoned simply because of their ancestry but it is much more likely that he, together with his father Northumberland, was furious that they hadn’t received what they perceived to be their dues for supporting Henry when he arrived at Ravenspur. They were also expected to guard the border with Scotland more efficiently now that Henry was on the throne. In any event, Henry had to quell rebellions, assassination attempts, deal with financial difficulties, his own heir’s apparent waywardness and his poor health. It was widely reported that he became a leper- he certainly suffered from an unpleasant skin disease of some description. He had difficulty walking and had a fit whilst praying in Westminster Abbey before dying on the 20 March 1413. He left a warrior son to become King Henry V. Unfortunately for England, King Henry died when his own son by Katherine of Valois was an infant. The Mortimers had not forgotten their claim to the throne (though Edmund and Roger died without children- their sister Ann had married and had children). Their claim to the throne was better than baby Henry VI’s. The stage was set for The Cousins War or as we know it, thanks to Sir Walter Scott, the Wars of the Roses – which strange though it may seem given that I’ve cantered through the reigns of both Richard II and his cousin Henry IV, is what I’m warming up for with this post. Like this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	3	56	https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/the-hollow-crown-shakespeares-history-plays-synopsis-henry-iv-part-1/1749/	en	Synopsis: Henry IV Part 1	https://www.pbs.org/wnet…sis-henryiv1.jpg	https://www.pbs.org/wnet…sis-henryiv1.jpg	[ "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/wp-content/themes/gperf-2014/libs/images/GP-Logo.png", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2013/07/synopsis-henryiv1-610x343.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2013/06/Henry_IV_1_title_page.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2015/12/Mezzanine_764-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2022/03/MerryWives_MM-Photo-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2014/01/gper-barrymore-excerpt-Richard-Mezz-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2022/03/Anything-Goes-21-07-21-Barbican-3745-scaled-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2012/06/Twilight-still-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2014/07/mezzanine_922-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/files/2016/06/The-Hollow-Crown-The-Wars-of-the-Roses-Preview-512x288.jpg", "https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/wp-content/plugins/wnet-national-platform-helpers/libs/images/the-wnet-group-dark.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "fultonk" ]	2013-07-09T21:45:14+00:00	Jeremy Irons and Tom Hiddleston star in the Shakespeare's history play.	en	https://www.pbs.org/wnet…ne_180pt_@3x.png	Great Performances	https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/the-hollow-crown-shakespeares-history-plays-synopsis-henry-iv-part-1/1749/	Short Synopsis The heir to the throne, PRINCE HAL, defies his father, KING HENRY, by spending his time at MISTRESS QUICKLY’s tavern in the company of the dissolute FALSTAFF and his companions. The King is threatened by a rebellion led by HAL’s rival, HOTSPUR, his father NORTHUMBERLAND and his uncle WORCESTER. In the face of this danger to the state, PRINCE HAL joins his father to defeat the rebels at the BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY and kill HOTSPUR in single combat. PRINCE HAL is played by Tom Hiddleston, KING HENRY by Jeremy Irons, MISTRESS QUICKLY by Julie Walters, FALSTAFF by Simon Russell Beale, HOTSPUR by Joe Armstrong, NORTHUMBERLAND by Alun Armstrong and WORCESTER by David Hayman. Long Synopsis We see a tall young man walking through the hustle and bustle of a meat market, occasionally recognised by the stallholders. It is PRINCE HAL (Tom Hiddleston) who approaches the large door of a tavern, over which hangs a carved Boar’s Head. HAL enters the tavern and kisses the landlady MISTRESS QUICKLY (Julie Walters) who clearly adores him. HAL climbs the staircase to a narrow corridor and goes towards a room where sounds of snoring can be heard… In the Palace of Westminster, KING HENRY, HAL’s Father is told by the EARL OF WESTMORELAND (James Laurenson) that English forces, led by MORTIMER (Harry Lloyd), have been defeated by Welsh rebels, led by GLENDOWER (Robert Pugh). And that there has been fighting between Scottish insurgents and the ‘gallant’ HARRY PERCY, known as HOTSPUR (Joe Armstrong). KING HENRY interrupts WESTMORELAND to read a letter from SIR WALTER BLUNT (Jolyon Coy. HOTSPUR has won the battle and taken many prisoners in doing so. It is a bitter sweet moment for the King who can only wish that his own son were as honourable as HOTSPUR. HAL’s less reputable interests lie elsewhere. Back in the Boar’s Head Tavern, HAL looks down on the sleeping figure of FALSTAFF (Simon Russell Beale) who has fallen asleep drunk next to DOLL TEARSHEET (Maxine Peake). FALSTAFF stirs and is affectionately berated by HAL for his questionable lifestyle. They’re joined by EDWARD POINS (David Dawson) who reveals that he plans to rob a group of rich travellers who will be passing through Canterbury in the morning. FALSTAFF agrees to join him but HAL refuses. POINS asks FALSTAFF to give him time alone with the Prince and explains to HAL that he is planning a joke on FALSTAFF: whilst FALSTAFF and others rob the travellers, he and HAL will disguise themselves and in turn rob the stolen goods from FALSTAFF. HAL eventually agrees. KING HENRY summons HOTSPUR to the palace to explain why prisoners from Scotland have not been handed over. HOTSPUR, accompanied by his father, NORTHUMBERLAND (Alun Armstrong), and WORCESTER, tells the King that he lost his temper with a Lord, ‘perfumed like a milliner’, who demanded the prisoners on his majesty’s behalf. BLUNT asks the King to consider the circumstances and forgive HOTSPUR, but KING HENRY reveals that HOTSPUR still holds the prisoners and will not release them until a ransom is paid for MORTIMER (HOTSPUR’s brother-in-law), who has been held hostage by GLENDOWER. The King will not agree and, forbidding any further mention of MORTIMER, demands the prisoners are sent to him. As they walk back through the Palace, HOTSPUR tells NORTHUMBERLAND and WORCESTER that he will never release the prisoners and calls HENRY a ‘thankless’ King. WORCESTER outlines a plan for revenge. He tells HOTSPUR to release his prisoners without ransom, join forces with their Scottish ally, the EARL OF DOUGLAS (Stephen McCole), and enlist the help of the ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, whose brother was executed by the younger KING HENRY. HOTSPUR agrees and suggests they also join forces with MORTIMER. A plot is hatched. On a cold winter’s morning, HAL and POINS shelter behind a tree in a forest, disguised in cloaks, watching FALSTAFF, BARDOLPH (Tom Georgeson) and PETO (Ian Conningham) as they prepare to attack the travellers. POINS confesses he has hidden FALSTAFF’s horse for a joke and it has clearly riled their friend. FALSTAFF BARDOLPH & PETO leap out from behind the trees and attack and rob the travellers. As FALSTAFF suggests that HAL and POINS are cowards for abandoning them, HAL and POINS jump out from the woods and set upon their friends. FALSTAFF drops the money and the three of them run away, much to the amusement of HAL and POINS. As we see HOTSPUR prepare to leave his wife, KATE PERCY (Michelle Dockery), to join his fellow conspirators, HAL, at the opposite end of the spectrum, is back in the Boar’s Head Tavern with his miscreant friends. News reaches HAL that he has been summoned to see the King in the morning, prompting FALSTAFF and himself to act out the inevitable questioning he will receive. Cheered on by the taverners, FALSTAFF places a cooking pot on his head for a crown and entertain his friends. The jollity is interrupted however when MISTRESS QUICKLY announces that the SHERIFF (John Ashton) is at the door with a large party. The crowd disperses and FALSTAFF hides under the stairs. HAL answers to the SHERIFF who has brought with him the two travellers who were robbed earlier. There has been a tip off that the culprit, FALSTAFF, is in the Tavern. HAL denies that FALSTAFF is present and promises to send FALSTAFF to the SHERIFF the next day. After the SHERIFF has left, HAL, DOLL TEARSHEET and POINS find FALSTAFF asleep in his hiding place. They search his pockets and find only a bill for food and drink. PETO takes FALSTAFF’S signet ring. HAL leaves the Tavern, ready to face his father in the morning. Inside the Palace of Westminster, KING HENRY speaks with HAL in private. Infuriated by HAL’s behaviour, KING HENRY shames his son by pointing out how his younger brother has had to take on his responsibilities. He compares HAL to Richard II who lost the respect of the public by being too concerned with popularity and suggests that even HOTSPUR – despite being aware of his conspiracy – has more interest in the state than HAL. Accepting his father’s comments, HAL tells KING HENRY that he will redeem himself on HOTSPUR’S head and prove himself as the King’s honourable son. KING HENRY tells HAL he will take charge of his army as they prepare to fight the rebels. HOTSPUR, MORTMER and GLENDOWER meet in Wales to discuss their plans and the division of land should they come to power. Before HOTSPUR, MORTIMER and WORCESTER depart, GLENDOWER takes them to say goodbye to their wives. LADY MORTIMER (Alex Clatworthy), daughter of GLENDOWER, speaks no English and sings in welsh to her husband as a parting gift. As she does, HOTSPUR and LADY PERCY make their escape to say farewell in private. Back in the Boar’s Head Tavern, FALSTAFF and MISTRESS QUICKLY bicker over the items that have been stolen from his pocket. HAL arrives and admits to FALSTAFF that it was he who picked his pocket and knows full well there was nothing of value to be found. FALSTAFF asks whether the robbery has been settled and HAL admits he has paid back the money to release FALSTAFF from the charge. HAL then tells FALSTAFF that they must leave tomorrow to fight HOTSPUR. At Shrewsbury, HOTSPUR, WORCESTER and DOUGLAS, their Scottish ally, prepare their troops for battle. After hearing that his father, NORTHUMBERLAND, is sick and cannot join them, HOTSPUR is further troubled when envoys arrive with news that KING HENRY is ready for battle and HAL himself is joining the fight. HOTSPUR bursts out of the tent and shouts to his troops to prepare for war. Meanwhile, FALSTAFF, BARDOLPH and their soldiers are on the march to Shrewsbury. With his very sorry, ragged and weak bunch of men, FALSTAFF admits that he sold 150 soldiers in return for three hundred pounds. By contrast to FALSTAFF’s dishonest behaviour, HAL, with his new sense of loyalty, catches up with them, ready and eager for battle. KING HENRY sends SIR WALTER BLUNT to the rebels’ camp in Shrewsbury to find out the cause of HOTSPUR’s grievances. The King wants to know if there’s a way to resolve the matter and, in return, will pardon those who challenge him. HOTSPUR wastes no time in telling BLUNT that he holds the King in contempt for the lack of respect he has given his family in the years since becoming King. His father, NORTHUMBERLAND, was the first to assist the King when he returned to England to overthrow RICHARD II, and yet KING HENRY has shown no gratitude. But when BLUNT asks HOTSPUR if he should relay this message back to the King, HOTSPUR tells him that WORCESTER will speak with the King in the morning. At dawn, WORCESTER, accompanied by SIR RICHARD VERNON (Mark Tandy), presents himself at the King’s camp and reiterates HOTSPUR’s fury over the treatment of their family. HAL offers to fight HOTSPUR single-handedly to avoid any blood-shed on both sides but the KING intervenes to again extend an offer of peace. WORCESTER and VERNON return to the rebel camp. WORCESTER doesn’t believe the King will keep his word and wants to hold back the King’s offer. WORCESTER accordingly reports back to HOTSPUR that the King has no mercy and will see them in battle. Despite VERNON’s attempt to set the record straight, there is no stopping HOTSPUR. He and DOUGLAS mount their horses ready for battle. The fight commences: as drummers beat a martial rhythm, cavalry and pikemen move forward to start the battle. FALSTAFF urges his men forward but saunters along on foot, reluctant to go near the front line. Falstaff finds Blunt dead on the battlefield. HAL, having lost his helmet and sword rides past and demands FALSTAFF’s sword. FALSTAFF instead offers him a pistol – with wine hidden inside the case. HAL, appalled at his lack of regard for the situation, throws it back at him and rides off. As the battle rages, HOTSPUR sees a Knight stop running to lean on his sword, remove his helmet and catch his breath. As he turns, we see the Knight is HAL and the two enemies come face to face. They begin to fight, unaware that FALSTAFF is watching from his hiding place behind a tree. HAL fatally wounds HOTSPUR. HOTSPUR utters his last words. HAL walks away after seeing what he believes to be Falstaff’s corpse. FALSTAFF stirs and stabs HOTSPUR again to claim him as a prize. FALSTAFF then lifts the body onto his back and sets off to claim the victory as his own. KING HENRY gives orders that Prisoners WORCESTER and VERNON are brought before HENRY who orders their execution. FALSTAFF throws down HOTSPUR’s body in front of HAL and LANCASTER (Henry Faber). FALSTAFF tells HAL that HOTSPUR rose up again and fought bitterly for an hour. HAL knows that FALSTAFF is lying and leaves to see who is left alive on the field. As HAL and his brother, LANCASTER, climb to the top of the hill, their father calls out to ask for news from the field. HAL replies that victory is theirs. KING HENRY, claiming that rebellion has found its rebuke, sets off back to the camp through the debris of a bitter battle.
21752	yago	0	54	http://108.81.152.203/Interests/Trees/Godiva/wc19/wc19_442.htm	en	Sir Henry (Hotspur) PERCY & Elizabeth MORTIMER			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
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May 20th, 1364. Harry Hotspur had a wife named Elizabeth de Mortimer and a child named Henry.				null	Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur (20 May 1364/1366 â 21 July 1403) was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. His nickname, 'Hotspur', is suggestive of his impulsive nature. His date of death is known but not the exact year of birth. There are rumours that Harry was born at Spofforth Castle in Yorkshire, Alnwick Castle in Alnwick, Northumberland, and Warkworth Castle in Warkworth, Northumberland.[1] and early acquired a great reputation as a warrior, fighting against the Scots and the French. He fought against the Scottish forces of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas at the midnight Battle of Otterburn in August, 1388 and was captured, but later ransomed. He went to Calais in 1391 and served as Governor of Bordeaux from 1393 to 1395. After his return from Valois Dynasty France, Harry joined with his father and helped depose King Richard II in favour of Henry of Bolingbroke, who later became King Henry IV. He also was the co-commander with his father in the Battle of Humbleton Hill. Later, with his paternal uncle Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, he led a rebellion against Henry IV in 1403, forming an alliance with the Welsh rebel, Owain GlyndÅµr. Before they could join forces, Hotspur was defeated and killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury when he raised his visor to get some air (as he was wearing plate armour which restricted air circulation) and was immediately hit in the mouth with an arrow and killed instantly. Henry IV, upon being brought the body after the battle, was said to have wept and ordered the body buried. Hotspur was buried in Whitchurch, Shropshire, but was later exhumed, by order of the same king, when rumours circulated that he was still alive. His body was first displayed in Shrewsbury, impaled on a spear, but was later cut up into four quarters and sent around all of England. His head was stuck on a pole at York's gates. He married Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa. Philippa was daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Lionel was son of Edward III of England and his consort Philippa of Hainault. Harry and Elizabeth had three children: * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1392/1393 â 22 May 1455). * Lady Elizabeth Percy (d. 26 October 1437). She married John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford in 1404. They were great-great-grandparents of Jane Seymour, third Queen consort of Henry VIII of England. * Matilda Percy. Believed to have died young.
21752	yago	0	42	https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Elizabeth_de_Mortimer_%25281%2529	en	Error			[ "https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png", "https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Special:Badtitle" ]	null	[]	null		en	/favicon.ico		null	The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. Return to Main Page.
21752	yago	3	17	https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/lady-percy.html	en	res stock photography and images	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	[ "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Alamy Limited" ]	null	Find the perfect lady percy stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.	en	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	Alamy	https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/lady-percy.html	Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 21/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
21752	yago	0	15	https://xpda.com/family/Percy-Henry-ind08100.htm	en	Henry (Harry Hotspur) Percy			[ "https://xpda.com/family/images/collapse.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/collapse2.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/gender_M.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/gno.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/svg.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/thumbnails/WarkworthCastleNorthumberland2008.jpg", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_T.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_T.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_I.gif", 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"https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_L.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_I.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_T.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_L.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/line_L.gif", "https://xpda.com/family/images/family_MF.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "", "Percy family and ancestry", "pictures of" ]	null	[]	null	Pedigree report of Henry (Harry Hotspur) Percy, son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and Margaret Neville, born about May 20th, 1364. Harry Hotspur had a wife named Elizabeth de Mortimer and a child named Henry.				null	Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur (20 May 1364/1366 â 21 July 1403) was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby and Alice de Audley. His nickname, 'Hotspur', is suggestive of his impulsive nature. His date of death is known but not the exact year of birth. There are rumours that Harry was born at Spofforth Castle in Yorkshire, Alnwick Castle in Alnwick, Northumberland, and Warkworth Castle in Warkworth, Northumberland.[1] and early acquired a great reputation as a warrior, fighting against the Scots and the French. He fought against the Scottish forces of James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas at the midnight Battle of Otterburn in August, 1388 and was captured, but later ransomed. He went to Calais in 1391 and served as Governor of Bordeaux from 1393 to 1395. After his return from Valois Dynasty France, Harry joined with his father and helped depose King Richard II in favour of Henry of Bolingbroke, who later became King Henry IV. He also was the co-commander with his father in the Battle of Humbleton Hill. Later, with his paternal uncle Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, he led a rebellion against Henry IV in 1403, forming an alliance with the Welsh rebel, Owain GlyndÅµr. Before they could join forces, Hotspur was defeated and killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury when he raised his visor to get some air (as he was wearing plate armour which restricted air circulation) and was immediately hit in the mouth with an arrow and killed instantly. Henry IV, upon being brought the body after the battle, was said to have wept and ordered the body buried. Hotspur was buried in Whitchurch, Shropshire, but was later exhumed, by order of the same king, when rumours circulated that he was still alive. His body was first displayed in Shrewsbury, impaled on a spear, but was later cut up into four quarters and sent around all of England. His head was stuck on a pole at York's gates. He married Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa. Philippa was daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Lionel was son of Edward III of England and his consort Philippa of Hainault. Harry and Elizabeth had three children: * Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1392/1393 â 22 May 1455). * Lady Elizabeth Percy (d. 26 October 1437). She married John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford in 1404. They were great-great-grandparents of Jane Seymour, third Queen consort of Henry VIII of England. * Matilda Percy. Believed to have died young.
21752	yago	2	6	https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/more-than-a-pretty-face-lady-percys-first-lines.html	en	More than a Pretty Face: Lady Percy's First Lines	https://shakespeareshenr…3788306_orig.jpg	https://shakespeareshenr…3788306_orig.jpg	[ "https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/uploads/5/0/7/7/50774401/3788306_orig.jpg", "https://cdn2.editmysite.com/images/site/footer/footer-toast-published-image-1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Carley Becker	en		Shakespeare's Henriad<br />and the Archives	https://shakespeareshenriad.weebly.com/more-than-a-pretty-face-lady-percys-first-lines.html
21752	yago	3	40	https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-4	en	Henry Percy KG KB (1364-1403)			[ "https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/f/f9/Percy-4.gif/75px-Percy-4.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/7c/Mortimer-1.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/f/f7/Glynd_373_r-1-4.jpg/300px-Glynd_373_r-1-4.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/f/f9/Percy-4.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/a/a4/Surrey_Roll-82.jpg/300px-Surrey_Roll-82.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/3/31/Cayley-55.jpg/75px-Cayley-55.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/2/2a/Holland-3338.jpg/75px-Holland-3338.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/0/08/Lancaster-1279-1.jpg/75px-Lancaster-1279-1.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Henry Percy genealogy" ]	null	[]	1364-05-20T00:00:00	Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Henry Percy KG KB born 1364 England died 1403 Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England including ancestors + descendants + 4 photos + 4 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.	en	/favicon.ico		https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-4	Ancestors Descendants Profile last modified 14 Feb 2023 \| Created 14 Apr 2010 This page has been accessed 24,036 times. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Titles of Henry "Hotspur" Percy (Royal Ancestry) 2 Monument to Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy at York Minster 3 Titles 4 Parents 5 Marriage 6 Military 7 Sources Biography Titles of Henry "Hotspur" Percy (Royal Ancestry) Justice of Chester, North Wales, and Flintshire Warden of the East March, 1384, 1388, 1393, 1396, 1399 Warden of the West March, 1390 Sheriff of Northumberland, 1399-1400 King's Lieutenant in North and South Wales, 1402 Captain of Berwick-on-Tweed Sir Henry "Harry" Percy ... better known as "Hotspur" was born c. 1364 or 1366 in either Northumberland or Yorkshire.[1] He was killed at Shrewsbury fighting against his King, 21 Jul 1403.[2] While most of Hotspur's military campaigns targeted Scotland, Cawley (2006) states that both Hotspur and his father tried to, "depose Richard II. ... but relations with Henry IV deteriorated until he was in open rebellion, claiming the throne for his wife's nephew Edmund Mortimer." After Hotspur died on the battle field, he was written off as a traitor in January of 1404 ... leading to the forfeit of his lands. Worse yet, he was exhumed from Whitchurch in Shropshire to be put on display.[3] Hotspur's head was impaled on a city gate in York. The rest of his body was quartered, and divided between "London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and Chester," before his wife finally recovered them. She eventually reburied him in November 1403 at York Minster. [1][4] [3] Monument to Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy at York Minster Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy was killed by an arrow to the head at the Battle of Shrewsbury, July 21, 1403. At the king's order, his head was displayed on a pike over York's Micklegate. He has a wall tablet and monument at York Minster in York in the Lady Chapel. Note: An e-mail was sent June 19, 2006 to Alton Rogers from Nikki at Dean and Chapter York Minster regarding Henry "Hotspur" Percy and his association with York Minster: "Henry Percy does have a wall tablet and monument here at York Minster in the Lady Chapel. However, he was not buried here. In 1403 he joined his uncle, Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester in rebellion against Henry IV, joining forces with the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndwr. He was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury when he lifted his visor to get some water, by an arrow through the mouth. An example was made of Hotspur and he was quartered and his body parts were sent all around England as a warning. His head was stuck on a pole at York's gates. Unfortunately, I have no information as to the final resting place of his body parts...." Titles Apr 1377: knighted by Edward III with the future Richard II and Henry IV, who were almost exactly his own age.[5] K.G.; K.B. and many high offices.[5] Knight of the Garter - 1366. Possibly degraded 1407.[6] Parents Henry de Percy and Margaret de Neville m. 12 Jul 1358 Brancepeth, Durham. Issue:[3] Thomas Ralph Isolda Henry (Hotspur) Margaret Alan[7][3] Marriage m. ante 10 Dec 1379 ELIZABETH Mortimer. Issue: 2[8] Henry (1393-1455). succeeded grandfather as Earl of Northumberland, Constable of England.[7] Elizabeth (d.26 Oct 1437). m.1y 1403/12 JOHN de Clifford Lord Clifford[9] m.2 (contract 7 May 1426, dispensation after marriage 28 Nov 1426) as his first wife, RALPH Neville Earl of Westmoreland[10] Military 1385: attended Richard II on his expedition to Scotland [5] 1387: commanded a squadron at sea against the French [5] 1388: Captured at Battle of Otterburn[11][12] 1401: acted with Henry, Prince of Wales, in the Welsh campaign [5] 1402: Battle of Homildon a victory over the Scots [5] 1403: Although Hotspur initially supported the Lancastrians, in 1403 Hotspur, with his father Thomas Percy, and Owen Glendower[13] and Sir Edmund de Mortimer tried to dethrone Henry IV. Henry triumphed at Shrewsbury, and Hotspur was slain. [1] Sources ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 b. 20 May 1364 Alnwick (Wikipedia:Henry Hotspur Percy; "year and place of his birth are unknown; he may have been born in either Northumberland or Yorkshire, in either 1364 or 1366" (Alnwick Castle, n.d.) ↑ Battle of Shrewsbury ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cawley, C. (n.d.) Medieval Lands v.3. fmg.ac ↑ Thomas & Potter, 1822 ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (Vol IV, pp. 355), n.d. ↑ Knights of the Garter (Heraldica list) ↑ 7.0 7.1 ' Sir Henry Percy, 5th Lord Percy, Constable of England. http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com ↑ p. EDMUND [III] Mortimer Earl of March and Philippa of Clarence [Usk, Monmouthshire 12 Feb 1371 - 20 Apr 1417; bur. Trotton, Sussex] (fmg.ac) ↑ Father: THOMAS de Clifford Lord Clifford and Elizabeth de Ros (1388 - d. in battle Meaux 13 Mar 1422). ↑ p. JOHN Neville Lord Neville and Elizabeth de Holand (1406-1484); Elizabeth Percy. http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com ↑ Froissart, 1910 ↑ King, 2002. See Space: Northumbrian Casualties and Prisoners of War 1296–1402 ↑ (1359?-1416?, a Welsh leader who revolted against Henry IV in 1400) Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. IV. page 175 Royal Ancestry Vol. IV p. 355-357 Kings in the North - the House of Percy in British History by Alexander Rose 2002 TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 July 1994 Beltz, George. Memorials of the Order of the Garter (William Pickering, London, 1841) Page 314-23 Cawley, C. (2006) Medieval Lands v.3. fmg.ac. Collins, A. & Egerton, B. (1812). "Percy, Duke of Northumberland." Collins's Peerage of England Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, (Vol. II, 217-366). London: Printed for F.C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and Son. Print. Froissart, J. (1910). "The Battle of Otterburn." The Chronicles of Froissart. John Bourchier, Lord Berners, translator. Harvard Classics. NY: P. F. Collier & Son Company. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/froissart-full.asp History of Alnwick Castle. www.alnwickcastle.com King, A. (2002). ‘According to the custom used in French and Scottish wars': Prisoners and casualties on the Scottish Marches in the fourteenth century. Journal of Medieval History, 28(3). doi: 10.1016/S0048-721X(02)00057-X-T0001. Richardson, D. (2013). Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, (Vol IV, pp.355 #12- 357). Kimball G. Everingham, Ed. Salt Lake City, UT: N.p. amazon.com. "Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy." http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. (See Magna Carta Sureties under Notable People) "Sir Henry Percy, Lord Percy". www.thepeerage.com. Citing: Cokayne, et al., (2000). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, (Vol. XII/2, pp. 550; Vol. IX, pp.712). Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Weir, A. (1999). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, (pp.95). London: The Bodley Head. Rose, A. (2002). Kings in the North: The House of Percy in British History. N.p. Richardson, D. (n.d.). Plantagenet Ancestry, (pp.577-10) Richardson, D. (n.d.). Magna Carta Ancestry, (pp.654-10). Thomas, T. & Potter, J. (1822). Memoirs of Owen Glendower, (Owain Glyndwr): With a Sketch of the History of the Ancient Britons, from the Conquest of Wales by Edward the First, to the Present Time. Google eBook. Wales. Accessed 16 April 2014. Weis, F.L. (1999). The Magna Carta Sureties, 1215, (5th ed). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. amazon.com.
21752	yago	0	49	https://www.myheritage.com/names/elizabeth_kinge	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
21752	yago	1	6	https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/2018/05/life-in-time-of-elizabeth-mortimer-and.html	en	Yarde Reviews & Book Promotion: Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy by Anne O’Brien #HistoricalFiction #NewRelease #mustread @anne	https://blogger.googleus…elsh+Marches.JPG	https://blogger.googleus…elsh+Marches.JPG	[ "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYB28NgBWrlsa6ASz71KUuZkbfgE29ox6-V93m0P6k2giywD4kL_ah8zg1-_EPGSPbTjnF28k58ZGLCD0QvMjCdltPBHEEHw_WZIVHuiyZYQqsHPb5JOjXs6nGLnCUbVyohb1RhknOmOmRSOW-6Cutcnm_dsmQUZbtb7bpmRKPd48rbitZ6be8zVs6YN8=s1130", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlDM5Ie3QBlJhi_si9O6YKuyhUeJPa5EMFtRKu_nKKMpBylE0D9Za7Z85Y3eXz-J3AZWis3rCirX9JSffYrgdzF-uvJmjXYEUNg8NkUYvKFJLHgiskGENkE1qQyQs52n-hqHwKj_iWms/s640/Wigmore+Castle%252C+once+the+pre-eminent+Mortimer+fortress+in+the+Welsh+Marches.JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsywgB4Cottu_BBnVeJUnn_gySBrDI0nLz9dScjov_hpuALK_GjcnHx9lVOOBTQM_ERz042dzXBfgzhGq3JVoX_9kK2ow7o0IqqBtcKv27GSqubejSyVEZxYtFvEXkZ20L2IgkLUCjPqM/s640/Entrance+to+Ludlow+Castle%252C+the+centre+of+Mortimer+power+in+the+Welsh+March.JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EfFfkhvbNmzDtx1Xb5Yj-g3djAijqw7jSEF5BE5zDpOEfDJVUwEfc7aLFGxFQhpeAzxwJoDFTvuQqLW5VeVlwuTP-DaOoHiYnoILYLQNR9TLGwqq1-p9yo-a5UVtyud9RRId-A38c84/s640/Ludlow+Castle+-+the+Great+Hall%252C+Great+Chamber+Block+and+chapel+what+Elizabeth+would+have+known+well..JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRC1-uVNs5GjNn6UCPODPAiSoJ_75sT1IDHsqfloHuI6OvVHgPNFo99-3H5gFrvGXJAIeGMtyo5aZE4BsJJozpQM4fGnQlKHA3HtMQjo9ymZfM_NLmwq_kiS_QIO6OgMFdMjZwxm8vclc/s200/untitled_shoot-028.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF4pU-2Z_VX2bzdVOI-cYV_k3EbujOuSHDP5yB3KqWvtRfLoF93Qpd0RC69uHMWbHvnbfoo_ulSiKy8ho19VTBLtWaiYU5IW6FwQbCr7l7ECJXyySMzeWxpsw4_A8WYM_NARVlFJfJBB4/s320/61470xIIPmL.jpg", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvnKC3OTyZpwmTe75ooq7gr2LEN-_YvGQl77ZdFU1JymGc_0ViZKY2oT6utDvYd7xVxVQ4QO3k29PAXiJmn5-yiHe-BfhgEtYw7dArnrvuEjbZBVxN1N9Dcw1qciTAANUbAZ2nbyLkS-2vVZ7j08E3-XqI3dkUBvPFgWPge9Y4_BEG3kMqO_Z_Kjq3Dg4=s148", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZqXTZGZQH_5HXStRMYqC_lgLGlHNSe20XR62fIFiOtbAgrguESCsxGEcmZmPWJPzMvnNa_LbBT7NDvvF6cUOKVGfxmR0GgvfOncd7LrZCsbAO_ZhthJM2OxR1H2euMwqtYA6m4zwuhkN362fkkQ_zj_LwB14zIplvnhzc9GA5TqmkQG-StdLgcE2-ZyM=s210", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3sdv7bmJme9B6ZPjh4OYLEEBs1Py_GYRupOtvoVtK3MOHzkBFjHq-f3-3Z_0URJFuQzndIeVgYmMFw_81ZQuWacpKcCrNBKDlEOvUl5uXhcxUR8UldLUfD8nQ0cUblFw_BUn8eDAhULaDJoPBKgGXlgWMBrWCPBbXgX0lHyqpRvS1MMksZkg5F1jm8rs=s330", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6MS5SeZglhzQNuz0-KcpbnydCr-iMZX-FcCJ-J9RRWf7lSsgUCewV48JCrwX5vUqgmG0u-HNMPsKQzaqX9JYfVFd4bkiVHGBSjz6jaiX-GWnNXRPRGHEFGsuPqjy3UVoUFuLiVg1a6nE8r5mJCJxi-O7r2InJ-yABWtQWaAxouj4XjzogEf8iujFoPvA=s204", "https://readersfavorite.com/images/banners/qxoavngkreyiwvd.jpg", "https://blog.feedspot.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/historical_book_216px.png?x58297", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFfrluV38N9EbEz5GGOsmcvVCX1YHjQ8CeLISw7B9WO2SrhnBijYxC4ANSszsIsv7PAp4cgZoDT7weaiVNwcZVfWfA7W4VEHToknok8Rnt5oEJide0oojiKVUcPtlZ_u9BQwTICRbcZnU2v8rYhQEoj_0CVemaWy92WSzSGRGzsvWOj5UGOlSqUpKsOBA=s255", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYx96F-de6FejA8-hBA3mEF896-Bb0k-SGhHryF1zkFQdtb2d_h31N7nypJ8VxeGfmF10h9yhpJMImA6pM2B6w7epesCV7YHp7lZkR13oqAIp5NWIjoFhVeEag3m1CwKCxOmfDUy45pQE_34vBFGsjCpUVmwnY_NsdnbQ1tKCXJFKOo5PpuKjAPFaaHgQ=s330", "https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yj7xHbQFdQQ/XzFtg_fwq0I/AAAAAAAAahs/Gk2STSPc9rMTEfp7X-Ra2CO2EFBI3iJ_QCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/historical-novel-society-small.jpg", "https://d1vbo0kv48thhl.cloudfront.net/images/reader_rank_badge_big.png", "https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OLdU4rG3pKs/XseHDChKx4I/AAAAAAAAWTU/j6POblXluzADIlRpa3vM2pOT9pzULffBgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/goodreads_icon_100x100-4a7d81b31d932cfc0be621ee15a14e70.png", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/3b5e0d2b1437de1c2f0596a24e8fb58b50013764", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/47c978f00cb098442c56f48d0413034bc5f66f10", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vrxglOoqGpNT6tXgp3tBHVby7_C4y0uR5tv_uAXspp-VmaHhuGdiazuU6c4ImJ8Y4hTMNaB-HJVV-tG-O5ozsAlSeGfYe7bld0qqcL29EeT4JiPF9FI6XjQLhXAYfHp7f5C8eKbg=s0-d" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Mary Anne Yarde" ]	null	Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy By Anne O’Brien Elizabeth Mortimer was one of t...	en	https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/2018/05/life-in-time-of-elizabeth-mortimer-and.html
21752	yago	2	50	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	en	Henry Percy (Hotspur)	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	https://wikiwandv2-19431…s/icon-32x32.png	[ "https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%2528Hotspur%2529_Percy%252C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg/640px-Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%2528Hotspur%2529_Percy%252C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg&w=640&q=50", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg/250px-Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg/640px-Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Sir Henry Percy, nicknamed Hotspur or Harry Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hotspur" was given to him by the Scots as a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack. The heir to a leading noble family in northern England, Hotspur was one of the earliest and prime movers behind the deposition of King Richard II in favour of Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. He later fell out with the new regime and rebelled, and was slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 at the height of his fame.	en	https://wikiwandv2-19431…icon-180x180.png	Wikiwand	https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	Sir Henry Percy (20 May 1364 – 21 July 1403), nicknamed Hotspur or Harry Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hotspur" was given to him by the Scots as a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack. The heir to a leading noble family in northern England, Hotspur was one of the earliest and prime movers behind the deposition of King Richard II in favour of Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. He later fell out with the new regime and rebelled, and was slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 at the height of his fame.
21752	yago	1	13	https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mortimer-47	en	Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys (1371-1417)			[ "https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/b/b6/Mortimer-47.jpg/75px-Mortimer-47.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/7c/Mortimer-1.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/b/b6/Mortimer-47.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/2/2a/Holland-3338.jpg/75px-Holland-3338.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "family tree of Elizabeth Mortimer", "Elizabeth Camoys genealogy" ]	null	[]	1371-02-12T00:00:00	Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Elizabeth (Mortimer) Camoys born 1371 Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales died 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England including ancestors + descendants + 2 photos + 5 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.	en	/favicon.ico		https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mortimer-47	Lady Elizabeth Camoys formerly Mortimer aka Percy Born 12 Feb 1371 in Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales Ancestors Wife of Henry Percy KG KB — married before 10 Dec 1379 [location unknown] Wife of Thomas (Camoys) de Camoys KG — married after 3 Jun 1406 in England Descendants Died 20 Apr 1417 at age 46 in Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire,England Profile last modified 27 Oct 2023 \| Created 19 Oct 2010 This page has been accessed 17,943 times. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Royal Ancestors 1.2 Early Life 1.3 Family 1.4 Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer 2 Sources Biography Royal Ancestors Through her mother: William I, "The Conqueror", King of England[1] - 9th great grandfather. Henry II, King of England[2] - 6th great grandfather. Philippe IV, King of France [3] - 3rd great grandfather. Edward I, "Longshanks", King of England[4] - 3rd great grandfather. Edward III, King of England[5] - Great grandfather. Elizabeth Mortimer[6] born c. 12 Feb 1371: Usk, Monmouthshire, England[5][7] died 20 Apr 1417 Kings Stanley, Lasboro, Gloucestershire[5][7] Early Life p. Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March[6][8] and Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster[9] m. 1359 Queen's Chapel, Reading, BRK[7] Child: Elizabeth de MORTIMER Child: Roger de MORTIMER Child: Philippa de MORTIMER Child: Edmund de MORTIMER Child: John de MORTIMER Family m.1 Henry (Harry 'Hotspur') de Percy[10] 10 Dec 1379 Usk, Monmouthshire[7] Issue: 2 known.[10] Henry de Percy[6] Elizabeth Percy[6] Marriage: m.2 Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. Issue: 1 (Roger).[6][11] Burial of Elizabeth Mortimer Elizabeth (de) Mortimer was buried with her 2nd husband Sir Thomas Camoys, (died March 28, 1421) in St. George's Church, Trotton, West Sussex, England. Per e-mail received from the Rector of the Trotton church, Edward Doyle, by Alton Rogers in August 2006, they have a tomb at St. George's Church that is in the chancel and goes right up to the altar rails. The Rector stated it is a very imposing tomb with brass plate of Elizabeth, Lord Camoys and a son. Sources ↑ Great grandfather of Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror) ↑ Great grandfather of Edward I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England) ↑ Maternal grandfather of Edward III of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France) ↑ Grandfather of Edward III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England) ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mahler, Leslie: "Samuel Levis, Quaker Immigrant to Pennsylvania", The Genealogist, Spring 1999, Vol 13, No 1, p. 30-36 (PDF download) ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur) ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 399, 2nd Edition, 2011. ↑ Wikipedia: Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March ↑ Wikipedia: Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster ↑ 10.0 10.1 Wikipedia: Henry Percy (Hotspur) ↑ Wikipedia: Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys See also: Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson Vol. IV. page 175 Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. IV p.355-357 TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 July 1994 Marlyn Lewis. Foster, Joseph. The royal lineage of our noble and gentle families. Together with their paternal ancestry, Volume: 2. Publisher: London, Hatchards. Year: 1884. openlibrary.org British History online: Trotton This week's featured connections are Redheads: Elizabeth is 7 degrees from Catherine of Aragón, 19 degrees from Clara Bow, 28 degrees from Julia Gillard, 16 degrees from Nancy Hart, 18 degrees from Rutherford Hayes, 19 degrees from Rita Hayworth, 22 degrees from Leonard Kelly, 18 degrees from Rose Leslie, 21 degrees from Damian Lewis, 21 degrees from Maureen O'Hara, 25 degrees from Jopie Schaft and 19 degrees from Eirik Thorvaldsson on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members.
21752	yago	2	11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland	en	Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Warkworth_Castle%27s_keep%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Warkworth_Castle%27s_keep%2C_2007.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/20040409-003-abbey-gateway.jpg/220px-20040409-003-abbey-gateway.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/15px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/15px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/50px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/50px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/50px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2004-01-13T04:36:14+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland	English nobleman and military commander Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455) was an English nobleman and military commander in the lead up to the Wars of the Roses. He was the son of Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and the grandson of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. His father and grandfather were killed in different rebellions against Henry IV in 1403 and 1408 respectively, and the young Henry spent his minority in exile in Scotland. Only after the death of Henry IV in 1413 was he reconciled with the Crown, and in 1414 he was created Earl of Northumberland. In the following years, Northumberland occasionally served with the king in France, but his main occupation was the protection of the border to Scotland. At the same time, a feud with the Neville family was developing, particularly with Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. This feud became entangled with the conflict between the Dukes of York and Somerset over control of national government. The conflict culminated in the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, at St Albans, where both Somerset and Northumberland were killed. Family background [edit] Henry Percy was the son of Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer. Elizabeth was the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa, Countess of Ulster, daughter of Elizabeth de Burgh and Lionel of Antwerp, son of Edward III. Hotspur's father – the young Henry's grandfather – was also called Henry Percy, and in 1377 became the first of the Percy family to hold the title of Earl of Northumberland.[2] Both Hotspur and his father were early and active supporters of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from Richard II in 1399, and became King Henry IV. They were initially richly rewarded, but soon grew disillusioned with the new regime. Hotspur rose up in rebellion, and was killed at Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403.[3] Hotspur's father, the earl, was not present at the battle, but there is little doubt that he participated in the rebellion.[4] After a short imprisonment, he was pardoned, and in June 1404 he delivered his grandson into the king's custody at Doncaster.[5] By May 1405, however, the earl was involved in another rebellion. His plans failed, and he was forced to flee to Scotland, taking his grandson with him.[6] The following years were marked by an itinerant life and further plotting, while the young Henry remained in the custody of the Duke of Albany.[4] On 19 February 1408, the first earl of Northumberland was killed in the Battle of Bramham Moor, leaving the young Henry Percy as heir apparent to the earldom.[7] Henry remained in Scotland until the accession of Henry V in 1413, when he tried to claim his grandfather's title. His cause was aided by the king's aunt, Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, who arranged his marriage to her daughter Eleanor.[8] It was in Henry V's interest to reconcile with the Percys, with their vast network in the north of England; on 11 May 1414, Henry Percy was restored to the Earldom of Northumberland, followed by a formal creation on 16 March 1416.[b] Service to the king [edit] Northumberland served occasionally in Henry V's wars in France over the following years. He joined the king on an expedition to the Continent in 1416, and sent a minor contingent of soldiers the next year.[5] His main task, however, was the defence of the Scottish Borders, and on 16 December 1416 he was appointed Warden of the East March.[11] In late August 1417, the Scots invaded northern England; while Albany laid siege to Berwick Castle, the Earl of Douglas attempted to take Roxburgh Castle. Percy lifted the siege of Berwick, and forced both Albany and Douglas across the border.[11] At the same time, he was also involved in national political affairs, and acted as steward at the coronation of Henry's queen Catherine on 24 February 1421.[5] When Henry V died in 1422, Northumberland was appointed a member of the council appointed to govern during the minority of Henry VI. He might have been involved in an embassy to the Council of Siena in 1423, but still, his main area of responsibility lay in the border region.[5] In the council, he seems to have belonged to Bishop Henry Beaufort's social circle, and he followed Beaufort – now cardinal – to peace negotiations at Berwick in 1429.[5] As Warden of the East March, he was constantly occupied with peace negotiations and defence of northern England, but his efforts were constantly frustrated, and in 1434 he resigned his commission.[12][13] The next year, Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, equally exasperated by the lack of royal support, gave up his commission as Warden of the West March. Northumberland was appointed joint warden with the earl of Huntingdon of both marches for one year, during which time, although suffering defeat by the Earl of Angus at the Battle of Piperdean,[14][15] he was able to repel a siege on Roxburgh by James I of Scotland.[16] In 1440 he was once more appointed Warden of the West March, and this time held the position until his death.[17] Feud with Neville family [edit] Initially, Northumberland's relations with the other great northern family, the Nevilles, were friendly. He was already connected to the Beaufort-Nevilles through his marriage with Eleanor Neville, and in 1426 he married his sister Elizabeth to the young Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland.[5] In the early 1440s, Northumberland was involved in other disputes. A conflict over land with the Archbishop of York escalated into open violence.[18] The king intervened on the archbishop's side, though Northumberland remained in favour at court. Nevertheless, he spent less time involved in central affairs at Westminster in the later 1440s.[5] In the early 1450s, the relationship between the Percy family[who?] and the Earl of Salisbury – Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland's son by his second wife Joan Beaufort – started to deteriorate.[19] What triggered the conflict was the marriage between Salisbury's son Thomas and Maud Stanhope, niece and heiress of Lord Cromwell.[20] By this marriage Wressle Castle, which had traditionally been in the possession of the Percy family, would pass to the Nevilles.[21] At the same time, the Neville-Cromwell wedding had led Huntingdon (now Duke of Exeter) to join the cause of the Percys, because of a territorial dispute with Cromwell. Northumberland himself, who was nearing sixty, did not take action at the time, but one of his younger sons did. Thomas Percy had been created Baron Egremont in 1449, relating to his possessions in the Neville-dominated county of Cumberland.[22] On 24 August 1453, Thomas attacked the Neville-Cromwell wedding party at Heworth near York with a force of over 700 men.[20] No one was killed in the skirmish, and the wedding party escaped intact.[23] The conflict, however, continued over the following years. On 8 October, Northumberland and Salisbury were summoned to court and ordered to end the conflict, but the warnings were ignored.[5] Instead, the collective forces of the Percy and Neville families gathered at their Yorkshire strongholds of Topcliffe and Sand Hutton respectively, only a few miles apart.[24] Both sides had ignored royal commands to disband, and battle seemed inevitable, but eventually a truce ensued and the forces withdrew.[5] Then, in October 1454, Thomas Percy and his brother Richard were captured by the Nevilles in a battle at Stamford Bridge.[22][25] The conflict was escalating, and converging with events in national politics. Towards civil war [edit] Discontent was brewing in England against the personal rule of Henry VI, who had been declared of age in 1437. The main antagonists were Richard, Duke of York, and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. Somerset enjoyed great influence over the king, but after Henry had been incapacitated by mental illness in 1453, York was appointed protector in 1454.[26] The Nevilles were by this time closely associated with York, so the natural option for Northumberland was to side with Somerset and the king.[5] Attempts were made to reconcile Northumberland and Salisbury in the north, but little was accomplished. In December, the king rallied sufficiently to resume control of government, and York's protectorate was terminated.[27] With Somerset back at the centre of power, civil war seemed imminent. In May 1455, Northumberland was travelling with the king and Somerset to a great council at Leicester, when the party was intercepted by York and the Nevilles.[28] On 22 May 1455, at the First Battle of St Albans, the royal forces clashed with the forces loyal to the Duke of York, in what has been described as the first battle of the Wars of the Roses.[29] The battle was a complete victory for the Yorkist side, and led to another reversal of the political situation.[30] The king was taken captive, and Somerset was killed. Northumberland was also among the casualties, and was buried at the nearby St Albans Abbey.[5] A suggestion made by a contemporary chronicler, and supported by modern-day historians, said that the true purpose of the battle was to settle personal scores.[5][31] Once York and Salisbury had killed Somerset and Northumberland respectively, the battle was effectively over.[32][33] Estates and family [edit] The Percy estates were primarily located in the northern counties of Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Cumberland.[5] Even though the title was restored in 1416, and the Percy estates were officially regranted, this did not mean the immediate return of all the family possessions. Protracted legal battles followed, particularly with John, Duke of Bedford.[17] Even at the time of his death, Northumberland had not recovered all the estates once held by his grandfather.[1] Northumberland's marriage to Eleanor Neville produced at least ten children. Henry Percy was succeeded by his son Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, who himself died fighting in the Wars of the Roses, at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461.[34] Name Birth date Death date Notes John Percy 8 July 1418 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland 25 July 1421 29 March 1461 Killed at the Battle of Towton Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont 29 November 1422 10 July 1460 Killed at the Battle of Northampton Lady Katherine Percy 28 May 1423 Aft. 1475 Married Lord Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent George Percy 24 July 1424 14 November 1474 Rector of Rothbury and Caldbeck Sir Ralph Percy 1425 25 April 1464 Killed at the Battle of Hedgeley Moor Sir Richard Percy 1426/27 29 March 1461 Killed at the Battle of Towton William Percy 7 April 1428 26 April 1462 Bishop of Carlisle Joan Percy 1430 1482 a nun at Whitby Anne Percy 3 February probably aft. 1428 5 July 1522 Married Sir Lawrence Raynesford and Sir Hugh Vaughan. Depicted in a stained glass at the Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford. Ancestry [edit] Notes [edit] a. ^ Though the Dictionary of National Biography operates with the year 1394,[5] other sources give his year of birth as 1393.[6][41] b. ^ This was a new creation, to stress that the attainder of the first earl had not been undone.[5][8] References [edit] Sources [edit] Bean, J. M. W. (2004). "Percy, Henry, first earl of Northumberland (1341–1408)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21932. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.), The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Hunt, W. (1895). "Percy, Henry, first Earl of Northumberland (1342–1408)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Collins, A. (1812). Egerton Brydges (ed.). Collins's Peerage of England. Vol. 2. London. Online. Brenan, Gerald (1902). A History of the House of Percy. London: Freemantle. Balfour Paul, James (1902). A History of the House of Dougls. London: Freemantle. Carpenter, Christine (1997). The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the Constitution in England, c. 1437–1509. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31874-2. Cokayne, G. (1936). H.A. Doubleday; Baron Howard de Walden (eds.). The Complete Peerage. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press. Fryde, E. B. (1961). Handbook of British Chronology (Second ed.). London: Royal Historical Society. Gray Birch, W. (21 May 1884). "The Lady Anne Percy's Portrait in Stained Glass at Long Melford". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 1st series. 40 (4): 400–408. doi:10.1080/00681288.1884.11887721. Griffiths, R. A. (2004a). "Percy, Henry, second earl of Northumberland (1394–1455)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21933. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.), The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Hunt, W. (1895). "Percy, Henry, second Earl of Northumberland (1394–1455)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Griffiths, R. A. (2004b). "Percy, Thomas, first Baron Egremont (1422–1460)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50235. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Griffiths, R. A. (2004c). "Percy, Henry, third earl of Northumberland (1421–1461)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21934. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Harriss, Gerald (2005). Shaping the Nation: England, 1360–1461. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822816-3. Lomas, Richard (1999). A Power in the Land: The Percys. East Linton: Tuckwell. ISBN 1-86232-067-5 . Pollard, A. J. (1990). North-Eastern England During the Wars of the Roses: Lay Society, War and Politics, 1450–1500. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-820087-0. Richardson, D. (2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1-4499-6638-6. Richardson, D. (2011). Kimball G. Everingham (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1-4499-6639-3. Rose, Alexander (2002). Kings in the North – The House of Percy in British History. London: Phoenix. ISBN 1-84212-485-4. Saul, Nigel (1997). Nigel Saul (ed.). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820502-3 . Stephen, Leslie (1889). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XIX. New York: Macmillan . Storey, R.L. (1986) [1966]. The End of the House of Lancaster. Gloucester: Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-290-7. Wagner, J. A. (2001). Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. Santa Barbara, Oxford: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-358-3. Walker, Simon (2004). "Percy, Sir Henry (1364–1403)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21931. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Tait, J. (1895). "Percy, Sir Henry, called Hotspur (1364–1403)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
21752	yago	3	71	https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1516.html.images	en	KING HENRY IV, THE FIRST PART	https://www.gutenberg.or…cover.medium.jpg	https://www.gutenberg.or…cover.medium.jpg	[ "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/images/cover.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	1998-11-01T00:00:00		en	images/cover.jpg		https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1516/pg1516-images.html	The Project Gutenberg eBook of King Henry IV, the First Part This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: King Henry IV, the First Part Author: William Shakespeare Release date: November 1, 1998 [eBook #1516] Most recently updated: May 18, 2023 Language: English Credits: the PG Shakespeare Team, a team of about twenty Project Gutenberg volunteers. * START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KING HENRY IV, THE FIRST PART * KING HENRY IV, THE FIRST PART by William Shakespeare Contents ACT I Scene I. London. A Room in the Palace. Scene II. The same. An Apartment of Prince Henry’s. Scene III. The Same. A Room in the Palace. ACT II Scene I. Rochester. An Inn-Yard. Scene II. The Road by Gads-hill. Scene III. Warkworth. A Room in the Castle. Scene IV. Eastcheap. A Room in the Boar’s Head Tavern. ACT III Scene I. Bangor. A Room in the Archdeacon’s House. Scene II. London. A Room in the Palace. Scene III. Eastcheap. A Room in the Boar’s Head Tavern. ACT IV Scene I. The Rebel Camp near Shrewsbury. Scene II. A public Road near Coventry. Scene III. The Rebel Camp near Shrewsbury. Scene IV. York. A Room in the Archbishop’s Palace. ACT V Scene I. The King’s Camp near Shrewsbury. Scene II. The Rebel Camp. Scene III. Plain between the Camps. Scene IV. Another Part of the Field. Scene V. Another Part of the Field. Dramatis Personæ KING HENRY the Fourth. HENRY, PRINCE of Wales, son to the King. Prince John of LANCASTER, son to the King. Earl of WESTMORELAND. Sir Walter BLUNT. Thomas Percy, Earl of WORCESTER. Henry Percy, Earl of NORTHUMBERLAND. Henry Percy, surnamed HOTSPUR, his son. Edmund MORTIMER, Earl of March. Scroop, ARCHBISHOP of York. SIR MICHAEL, a friend to the archbishop of York. Archibald, Earl of DOUGLAS. Owen GLENDOWER. Sir Richard VERNON. Sir John FALSTAFF. POINS. GADSHILL. PETO. BARDOLPH. LADY PERCY, Wife to Hotspur. Lady Mortimer, Daughter to Glendower. Mrs. Quickly, Hostess in Eastcheap. Lords, Officers, Sheriff, Vintner, Chamberlain, Drawers, Carriers, Ostler, Messengers, Servant, Travellers and Attendants.
21752	yago	3	4	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/	en	Elizabeth Mortimer	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	[ "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-wars-of-roses.jpg", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/lionel-of-antwerp.jpg?resize=201%2C422&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mortimer-family-tree-part-one.jpg?resize=584%2C368&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0030.jpg?resize=584%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0042.jpg?resize=335%2C503&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0047.jpg?resize=421%2C632&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Harry-Hotspur-Alnwick.jpg?resize=431%2C574&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Joan-Beaufort.jpg?resize=374%2C521&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2014/09/white-rose.jpg?resize=226%2C223&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/glossary-of-words.png?fit=282%2C300&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/coin.jpg?fit=223%2C226&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/robert-dudley-mine.jpg?w=580&h=580&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kingmakers-women.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/medieval-mistresses.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/isabel-de-clare.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image001-1024x206.png", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/image002-1024x204.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00	Posts about Elizabeth Mortimer written by JuliaH	en	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	The History Jar	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/	Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated. Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words. There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult. Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys. Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III. If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior. In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother – During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law. No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses. Like this: Like Loading... Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role. As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth. Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne. It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV. The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr. It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester. Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster. Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV. The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor. Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time. For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html Like this: Like Loading... I had thought three parts to this little series but having written today’s post which is largely about the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries I shall be extending it to four parts. Generation 10 of Topcliffe/2 of Alnwick: Henry Percy Junior was only sixteen when his father died in 1314. Initially John de Felton held his lands in ward but by the time he was twenty Edward II had granted Henry more lands in Northumbria than his father held. These had been part of Patrick Earl of March’s territory. Patrick was Scottish and the land offer reflects the way in which northern territories fluctuated between Scotland and England during troubled times. Henry was no more impressed with Edward II’s choice of male favourite than his father had been nor with the foreign policy and military prowess that saw the Scots raiding deep into Yorkshire. In no particular order, Percy conspired against the Despensers and was made governor of both Pickering and Scarborough Castle. The northern Percy powerhouse was further built upon when he married into the Clifford family and Edward III granted him Warkwarth Castle. In 1346 he was one of the English commanders at the Battle of Neville’s Cross near Durham against the Scots which must have been a bit irritating given that he had gone to Scotland in 1327 to help negotiate a peace treaty with them. Generation 3 of Alnwick: The next generation Henry Percy was at the Battle of Crecy – so should probably be regarded as the Hundred Years War Percy. His correct title was the 3rdBaron Percy of Alnwick. His first wife was Mary of Lancaster – the best way of thinking of her is as Blanche of Lancaster’s aunt. Blanche was the first wife of John of Gaunt who is commemorated in the Book of the Duchess by Chaucer and whose land ensured that Gaunt was the wealthiest man in the country. Mary was a daughter of Henry III. With each marriage the Percy family made the wealth and the prestige of the family rose, as did the amount of land that they held and their proximity to the throne. Generation 4 of Alnwick – 1st Earl of Northumberland: The Percy family now found itself elevated to the earldom of Northumberland – after all Mary of Lancaster was a Plantagenet princess so it is only reasonable to suppose that her first born son should have a sufficiently impressive title. The first earl, yet another Henry Percy, was born in 1341. He supported Edward III and then he supported Richard II in his various official capacities on the borders. It was Richard who created him an earl at his coronation in 1377. Unfortunately despite being having been married to Margaret Neville, Percy was distinctly un-amused when his power base was eroded by Richard II who created his rival (and nephew-in-law) Ralph Neville the earl of Westmorland. The First Earl of Northumberland now had a hissy fit because of the creation of the First Earl of Westmorland. He swapped sides. Instead of backing Richard II against his enemies he supported Henry of Bolingbroke, John of Gaunt’s son, against Richard II. Bolingbroke duly became Henry IV and Percy found himself swaggering around with the title Constable of England. Unfortunately in 1403 the earl swapped sides once more. He was slightly irritated by the outcome of the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. It was an English-Scots match that the English won. Percy stood to make rather a lot of cash from ransoming his Scottish prisoners. Unfortunately Henry IV was feeling the financial pinch and besides which felt that the Percys had too much power in the north. So he demanded all the hostages and gave Percy a fraction of their value. The earl was underwhelmed but didn’t immediately voice his irritation. Having been given the task of subduing the Welsh in 1403, Percy and his son Harry Hotspur now joined with Owain Glyndwr. Hotspur died at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 but Henry IV couldn’t pin anything on the earl who hadn’t taken part in the battle. The most that Henry IV could do was remove the office of constable from Percy who didn’t learn the lesson and continued to conspire against Henry IV. In 1405 Percy decided to take a long holiday in Scotland for the sake of his health. He took Hotspur’s son with him. The earl returned to England in 1408 where he managed to get himself killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor near Tadcaster. This was the final battle in the Percy family rebellion against cousin Henry IV. 2nd Earl of Northumberland: Hotspur’s son another Henry had spent most of his childhood in Scotland because both his father and grandfather were at loggerheads with the monarch. Very sensibly after his grandfather was killed the second earl remained safely in Scotland. It was only when Henry IV died that Henry Percy took the opportunity to be reconciled with the Crown. He was officially recognised as the 2ndearl in 1413. He arrived back in England and settled down to a spot of feuding with his Neville relations. The Nevilles, particularly Richard Neville (aka the Kingmaker) and his father the Earl of Salisbury were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy family supported Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset. Ironically the 2ndearl’s mother was Elizabeth Mortimer, the grand-daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, so you would have thought that he would have been more sympathetic to Richard of York who based his claims on his descent from Lionel. Not only that but his return to the earldom had been smoothed by Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. She also arranged his marriage to Eleanor Neville – her second daughter with the Earl of Westmorland – making the Earl of Salisbury Percy’s brother-in-law and the Kingmaker his nephew. Talk about a tangled family web. I’ve blogged about Eleanor Neville and the Battle of Heworth Moor before so there is no need to write about it again. Enough to say that it demonstrates the depths to which the feud had sunk. And things were about to get worse. The earl was born in 1393 and died on 22 May 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans. It was a comprehensive victory for the Yorkists and according to the chronicles of the time an opportunity for Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to settle some personal scores – the death of the Earl of Northumberland being on his “to do” list. Obviously it didn’t help the relations between the Percy and Neville families as the Wars of the Roses spiralled towards the bloodiest battle in English history. 3rd Earl of Northumberland: Another Henry Percy, swearing vengeance for his father’s death was one of the commanders of the army that surrounded Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury at Wakefield. The deaths of Richard, his son Edmund and the Earl of Salisbury on the 30 December 1460 were part of the continuing vendetta. The victors of Wakefield were now joined by Margaret of Anjou’s army. They marched south and won the Second Battle of St Albans but stopped short of taking London. Various armies marched back and forth but for the purposes of this post the next time we need to focus is at the Battle of Ferrybridge – 27 March 1461. Northumberland was supposed to stop the Yorkists from crossing the River Aire at Castleford whilst Lord Clifford held Ferrybridge for the Lancastrians. Lets just say that Northumberland arrived at Castleford late allowing Lord Fauconberg and his men to cross the river and come around behind the Lancastrians who retreated to Dintingdale (28th March) where Lord Clifford was killed by an arrow. On the 29thMarch 1461, blinded by a snowstorm the 3rdEarl commanded the van of the Lancastrian army. Closing with the enemy he was killed. Edward IV was now the only king in England and issued an act of attainder against all the Lancastrian nobility who had fought at Towton. Edward now rewarded the Nevilles who supported the House of York and punished the Percys who supported the house of Lancaster. John Neville, Earl of Northumberland. John was the Kingmaker’s younger brother. He was created Earl of Northumberland in 1464 after he had spent three years finishing off the Lancastrian threat in the north. Unfortunately for John, the Kingmaker became increasingly dissatisfied with Edward IV who, in return, became increasingly suspicious of his cousin. In 1470 Edward removed John from post and gave him the tile the Marquis of Montagu and assorted lands to compensate for the loss of the earldom of Northumberland. It did not go down well with the Neville family who did not see any need for the balance of power in the North to be restored by the return of the Percy family. Edward was forced to flee his realm in October 1470 but returned in 1471. John had not regained his title to Northumberland despite his brother effectively ruling England with a puppet king in the form of Henry VI on the throne. Rather than attack Edward when he landed at Ravenspur, Neville simply shadowed the returned Yorkist king. Ulitmately Neville would died at the Battle of Barnet along with his brother. 4th Earl of Northumberland: Henry Percy (what a surprise) was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison in the aftermath of Towton (he was about 12 at the time) and from there he was sent to the Tower in 1464. In 1469 after swearing fealty to Edward IV he was released. He then set about trying to get his estates returned. He petitioned for the reversal of his father’s attainder though this was not granted by Parliament until 1473. Interestingly his wife was Maud Herbert, the girl who Henry Tudor should have married had events not unfolded as they did in 1470. They had eleven children. Henry Percy went back to doing what the Earls of Northumberland had been doing for a very long time – i.e. ruling vast tracts of land and skirmishing with the Scots. He held many of the important government posts in the north of England which were traditional in his family including from 10 May 1483, as protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, confirmed the fourth earl of Northumberland’s appointment as warden-general of the east and middle marches ‘during the space and time of a whole year’, after which it was renewed for five months but perhaps it would appear not as much power from Richard III as he had hoped. Naturally enough he fought at Bosworth where he commanded the right wing of Richard III’s army. The Percys were naturally Lancastrian by inclination. Percy’s father and grandfather had died for Henry VI. Some historians says that Percy betrayed Richard III by holding his forces back from action. Percy’s northern levies weren’t committed to the battle. If Northumberland had been a metaphorical spoke in Richard’s wheel he wasn’t very well rewarded by Henry Tudor who now became Henry VII. Northumberland, along with the earls of Westmoreland and Surrey was taken into custody and kept in prison for several months, being released only under strict conditions of good behaviour. He was restored to his position as warden but with curtailed powers. Henry may not have trusted him but Percy knew how to protect England’s northern border. He was also at hand to help defeat the Yorkist forces that gathered during the Lambert Simnel rebellion in 1487. In 1489 Northumberland was part of the king’s administration gathering £100,000 of tax. This led to the Yorkshire Rebellion. Northumberland had to deal with the resistance of Yorkshiremen to the tenth of incomes demanded for Henry’s Breton war and for the raising of a force against the Scots. Things can’t have gone well for the Earl as his own tenants were up in arms. He was so alarmed that on Saturday, 24 April, he wrote to Sir Robert Plumpton from Seamer, close to Scarborough, ordering him to secretly bring as many armed men as he could to Thirsk by the following Monday. It didn’t do him much good. On Wednesday, 28 April, having gathered a force estimated at eight hundred men, he came into conflict with the commons, whose ringleader was one John a Chamber, near Thirsk, at a place variously called Cockledge or Blackmoor Edge, and was killed. Popular history claims it wasn’t so much the tax collection that irritated the locals as the fact that as good Yorkshire men their loyalty lay with Richard III. Like this: Like Loading... Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York. Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin. There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it. But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III. Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt. Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned). Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates. Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances. Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned! Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs. Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned. However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer. Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught. If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed. However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI. Like this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	3	67	https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2015/10/03/the-story-of-philippa-of-clarence-matriarch-of-the-house-of-york/	en	The Mother of the House of York	https://historytheintere…_ulster-svg1.png	https://historytheintere…_ulster-svg1.png	[ "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/200px-arms_of_philippa_of_clarence_5th_countess_of_ulster-svg.png?w=129", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/220px-lioneldukeofclarenceatwestminster.jpg?w=129", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/250px-arms_of_the_house_of_mortimer-svg.png", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/220px-ludlow_castle_from_whitcliffe_2011.jpg", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/220px-harry_hotspur_percy.jpg", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/220px-richard_plantagenet_3rd_duke_of_york.jpg?w=157", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/nicholaa-a.png?w=443", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/book-babies.jpg?w=1024", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ftby0azwaaeqc6o.jpg?w=835", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b919d78168533971b9ecc01f417b353bb5fe8b9efd3ee31a784eef5c5299ce39?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4db99c6ffc1f2a55472092dc0f2b1efab5e01afbf9e76112ff90394247cb0a26?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c6b41c9c03ab300ace5309b73efe5e4ddb24bb0d75ae6c9475f591775f3ddeec?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c6b41c9c03ab300ace5309b73efe5e4ddb24bb0d75ae6c9475f591775f3ddeec?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c28835edc1f30c4f32f9a64e7e531743c9a413acb0f3502241b7bd1f33d97ae?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/ad0333cd7d48e23c8d03ef002ae3d8b3914404d210e59870ce3e9987d614b6f7?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/cdbf0836e5300b262e2f55a5fa364ffee4bfbafea3b948b7cbe46db3c626e00c?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c75dcc54789e612a86ae5009dab22844422ee21434db01c01a55766c58e982de?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c75dcc54789e612a86ae5009dab22844422ee21434db01c01a55766c58e982de?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c75dcc54789e612a86ae5009dab22844422ee21434db01c01a55766c58e982de?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/26842828ce577205d2457421f817e7c153fb32c4453f630294c1faf4958ffd97?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c75dcc54789e612a86ae5009dab22844422ee21434db01c01a55766c58e982de?s=40&d=identicon&r=G", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/wp-1663407163501.jpg?w=50", "https://historytheinterestingbits.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/wp-1663407163501.jpg?w=50", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Sharon Bennett Connolly" ]	2015-10-03T00:00:00	Arms of Philippa of Clarence Princess Philippa of Clarence was born at Eltham Palace in Kent on the 16th August 1355. She was named after her grandmother, Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III, who was one of her Godparents. The first grandchild of Edward III she was the only child of Lionel of Antwerp,…	en	https://historytheintere…7163501.jpg?w=32	History... the interesting bits!	https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2015/10/03/the-story-of-philippa-of-clarence-matriarch-of-the-house-of-york/	Princess Philippa of Clarence was born at Eltham Palace in Kent on the 16th August 1355. She was named after her grandmother, Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III, who was one of her Godparents. The first grandchild of Edward III she was the only child of Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, and his 1st wife, Elizabeth de Burgh. Lionel was the 1st of Edward and Philippa’s children to marry. Lionel was the 3rd son of Edward and Philippa, but the 2nd to survive childhood. Born in 1338, he was married to Elizabeth de Burgh in the Tower of London on the 9th September 1342. Lionel was almost 4 years old and his bride was 6 years older, born in 1332. Elizabeth was the daughter and heiress of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, who had died the year after her birth. It seems the couple lived together as husband and wife from 1352, when Lionel was 14 and Elizabeth 20. Lionel became Earl of Ulster by right of his wife and took possession of vast estates in Ireland and the Honour of Clare, in Suffolk; from which he was created Duke of Clarence by Parliament on 13th November 1362. Philippa lost her mother when she was just 8 years old. Elizabeth died in Dublin in December 1363, she was buried at Clare Priory in Suffolk. Lionel was married again in May 1368, in Milan, to Violante Visconti, daughter of the Lord of Milan. He died at Alba just 5 months after the wedding, in October 1368, and was buried at Pavia; his body was later reinterred to lie beside Elizabeth at Clare Priory in Suffolk. The dukedom of Clarence became extinct on Lionel’s death, but the earldom of Ulster and Honour of Clare passed to Philippa, his only daughter and heiress. Although an orphan at the tender age of 13, Philippa’s future had been settled even by the time of her mother’s death in 1363. When only in her 4th year she was married, at the Queen’s Chapel in Reading, in February 1359, to 7-year-old Edmund Mortimer. Edmund was the great-grandson of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March and lover of Edward II’s queen, and Edward III’s mother, Isabella of France. Mortimer had been executed on Edward III’s orders in 1330 and the marriage was viewed as a reconciliation with the Mortimer family, powerful lords on the Welsh Marches. The children’s wedding was also the 1st in a string of royal marriages. Philippa was married before any of her aunts and uncles; but weddings for her uncle John of Gaunt to Blanche of Lancaster and her aunt Margaret to John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke followed in May the same year. The marriage alliances were all part of Edward III’s policy to provide for his large brood of children and tie the great baronial families of the kingdom to the crown, by bringing them into the Royal family. Edmund Mortimer succeeded to his father’s earldom as the 3rd Earl of March in the year after the marriage and the couple spent their time between properties in England, Wales and Ireland. Their 1st child was born when Philippa was 15; she gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, at Usk in Monmouthshire, on 12th February 1371. 3 more children followed; Roger born at Usk on 11th April 1374, Philippa, born at Ludlow in Shropshire on 21st November 1375 and finally Edmund, who was born at Ludlow on 9th November 1377. Marriage to Philippa had brought her husband power and influence. Through his steward, Peter de la Mare, he was instrumental in the Good Parliament of 1376, which argued against the influence of Edward III’s lover, Alice Perrers, and her friends, on the government of the kingdom. He spoke up for royal legitimacy and, using similar language to that used against his grandfather, Roger Mortimer, decried the influence an adulterous affair was having on the dignity of the crown. Following Edward III’s death in 1377, until her own death 6 months later, Philippa was, technically, heiress presumptive to the crown of her cousin, Richard II. However, in a supplementary document to his will, Edward III had practically disinherited his eldest granddaughter. He settled the inheritance of the throne on his grandson, Richard, son of his eldest son, the Black Prince and then, in turn, starting with John of Gaunt, on his surviving sons and their sons. Edward had thus attempted to destroy any claim Philippa might have had to the throne whilst at the same time, revoking the royal status of the Mortimer earls of March. Although there appear to be several death dates for Philippa, the most likely is that she died as a result of complications following Edmund’s birth, as she had made a will in November 1377, suggesting she was preparing for death. She passed away on, or shortly before, 7th January 1378 and was buried at Wigmore, Herefordshire, the burial-place of the Mortimers. Edmund’s star, however, continued to rise and he was appointed Lieutenant of Ireland by Richard II on 22nd October 1380. He died at Cork on 26th or 27th December 1381 and his body was brought back to Wigmore for burial. He was succeeded as 4th Earl of March by his eldest son, Roger; who had succeeded Philippa as Earl of Ulster on her death. Roger spent many years in wardship following his father’s death. He was courageous, but had a reputation for religious and moral laxity. He was killed in Ireland in 1398, while acting as the king’s Lieutenant. It is possible that, at some point, he was named heir to the throne by Richard II, although there is considerable doubt in this. Of Philippa and Edmund’s other children Elizabeth married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy sometime before May 1380. They had 2 children, but he was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. Elizabeth then married Thomas, 1st Baron Camoys, with whom she had a son who died young. Elizabeth died on 20th April 1417 and was buried at Trotton in Sussex, with her 2nd husband. Philippa’s daughter and namesake, Philippa, married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, son of the Earl of Pembroke who had married Edward III’s daughter, Margaret. Following his death in 1389, she married Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, who was executed in 1397. Her 3rd marriage was to Thomas Poynings, 5th Baron St John of Basing, around November 1399. She died in 1400 or 1401 and was buried at Boxgrove Priory in Sussex. Edmund’s namesake, Philippa and Edmund’s youngest son was married in about 1402 to Katherine, the daughter of Owen Glendower. They had several children, but all died young. Edmund himself died sometime between 1409 and 1411. Philippa’s grandson, Roger’s son, Edmund, succeeded his father as Earl of March and Ulster; he became the king’s ward following his father’s death and, following the usurpation he was kept in Henry IV’s family circle. Edmund seems to have suffered from a lack of ambition and when some barons tried to place him on the throne in 1415, it was Edmund himself who revealed the Southampton Plot to Henry V. Edmund died of plague in Ireland in January 1425, but it is his sister, Anne Mortimer, who had been married to Richard of Conisbrough, that Philippa’s claim to the throne was passed to Anne and Richard’s son, Richard, Duke of York; thus laying the foundations for the Wars of the Roses and the accession of Edward IV and, later, his brother, Richard III. * Pictures taken from Wikipedia. * Sources: The Perfect King, the Life of Edward III by Ian Mortimer; The Life and Time of Edward III by Paul Johnson; The Reign of Edward III by WM Ormrod; The Mammoth Book of British kings & Queens by Mike Ashley; Britain’s’ Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy by Alison Weir; Brewer’s British Royalty by David Williamson; The Plantagenets, the Kings Who Made Britain by Dan Jones; mortimerhistorysociety.org.uk. * My books: Signed, dedicated copies of all my books are available, please get in touch by completing the contact me form. Coming 30th May 2023! King John’s Right-Hand Lady: The Story of Nicholaa de la Haye is now available for pre-order from Amazon UK. (I will hopefully have a US release date shortly) In a time when men fought and women stayed home, Nicholaa de la Haye held Lincoln Castle against all-comers. Not once, but three times, earning herself the ironic praise that she acted ‘manfully’. Nicholaa gained prominence in the First Baron’s War, the civil war that followed the sealing of Magna Carta in 1215. A truly remarkable lady, Nicholaa was the first woman to be appointed sheriff in her own right. Her strength and tenacity saved England at one of the lowest points in its history. Nicholaa de la Haye is one woman in English history whose story needs to be told… Also by Sharon Bennett Connolly: Defenders of the Norman Crown: The Rise and Fall of the Warenne Earls of Surrey tells the fascinating story of the Warenne dynasty, of the successes and failures of one of the most powerful families in England, from its origins in Normandy, through the Conquest, Magna Carta, the wars and marriages that led to its ultimate demise in the reign of Edward III. Defenders of the Norman Crown: Rise and Fall of the Warenne Earls of Surrey is now available from Pen & Sword Books, Amazon in the UK and US, Bookshop.org and Book Depository. Ladies of Magna Carta: Women of Influence in Thirteenth Century England looks into the relationships of the various noble families of the 13th century, and how they were affected by the Barons’ Wars, Magna Carta and its aftermath; the bonds that were formed and those that were broken. It is now available in paperback and hardback from Pen & Sword, Amazon, Bookshop.org and from Book Depository worldwide. Heroines of the Medieval World tells the stories of some of the most remarkable women from Medieval history, from Eleanor of Aquitaine to Julian of Norwich. Available now from Amberley Publishing and Amazon, Bookshop.org and from Book Depository worldwide. Silk and the Sword: The Women of the Norman Conquest traces the fortunes of the women who had a significant role to play in the momentous events of 1066. Available now from Amazon, Amberley Publishing, Bookshop.org and Book Depository. Alternate Endings: An anthology of historical fiction short stories including Long Live the King… which is my take what might have happened had King John not died in October 1216. 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21752	yago	1	91	https://www.myheritage.com/names/elizabeth_kinge	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
21752	yago	3	30	https://psyartjournal.com/article/show/krims-hotspurs_fear_of_femininity	en	PsyArt: An Online Journal for the Psychological Study of the Arts			[ "https://psyartjournal.com/Content/Images/Logo.png", "https://psyartjournal.com/Content/Images/I.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Shakespeare", "1 Henry IV", "Hotspur", "phallocentric", "femininity", "attitudes toward women" ]	null	[]	null	Hotspur's Fear of Femininity				null	In creating the Hotspur of 1 Henry IV, Shakespeare retained the impetuous and courageous quality of the historic Sir Henry Percy. However, the phallocentric attitudes the fictive Hotspur displays are entirely the author's creation. Although these attitudes may in part reflect the cultural bias of early modern England and perhaps even Shakespeare's own bias, it is the purpose of this paper to show that Shakespeare's words also represent the unconscious structures underlying phallocentricity--Hotspur's and men like him. By disclosing these unconscious structures in the subtext, Shakespeare challenges and thereby undermines phallocentricity even as he represents it on the surface of the text. * * * Hotspur reveals his attitude toward women when his wife, Kate, first appears (2.3.1-35--my line references are to The Riverside Shakespeare). Kate suspects that he has been neglecting her because he is preoccupied with insurrection and she wants to restore their loving relationship. As she approaches him now, he is fuming over the defection of a fellow conspirator. Instead of confiding in her, Hotspur pushes her away with: I know you wise, but yet no farther wise Than Harry Percy's wife; constant you are, But yet a woman, and for secrecy, No lady closer, for I well believe Thou wilt not utter what thou dost not know, So far will I trust thee, gentle Kate. (2.3.106-112) Three times in six lines, he equivocates: he knows Kate is wise, but no wiser than a wife can be; she is constant and reliable but a woman and therefore inconstant; she is close with a secret, but as a lady, apt to utter what she knows. Only so far can gentle Kate be trusted; she is but yet a woman. Hotspur demonstrates this ambivalent attitude about women and femininity throughout the text. He seems drawn to women (certainly he loves Kate) but yet he patronizes and devalues them. Of course, his insensitivity and gender prejudice reflect the cultural influences of the times and he reacts to the world around him (for example, now he may be unsure of Kate because of her brother, Mortimer). But, I argue, Shakespeare's intuitive capacity transcends cultural influences, enabling him to go beyond the culturally dominant view and disclose in the subtext the inner conflicts which contribute to Hotspur's ambivalence. Hotspur's style of devaluation and misrepresentation of women in Shakespeare's texts has been a focus for feminist psychoanalytic criticism (see Gohlke 1980, Kahn 1981, Traub 1989, Neely 1988, 1989, for examples). These critics suggest that this misperception of women reflects both Renaissance tradition (Neely 1988) and a style of masculinity that requires suppression of women for its maintenance (Kahn 1981, Traub 1989). These two factors, cultural and intrapsychic, interacting with each other, informed the writings of Shakespeare and the expectations of his mostly male audience. These influences then resulted in distortion of gender representation, with overestimation of masculinity and reciprocal suppression of the feminine voice. The present inquiry attempts to apply this understanding to the text and to search for still other possible unconscious conflicts that cause men like Hotspur to suppress women. What we would regard today as gender prejudice is a presence in the histories. Most of these texts display a heavy emphasis on masculine aggression and male prerogatives, with a reciprocal stifling of femininity. This biased attitude is reflected in the minor and often negative roles assigned women. Traub (1989) considers the histories "a `seminal' point for an examination of the construction and maintenance of phallocentric ideology" (p. 458). She observes that the histories "do not merely exclude women; they stage the exclusion of women from the historical process . . . thus exhibiting the kinds of repression a phallocentric culture requires" (p. 459). Further, Traub states that "Shakespearean drama and psychoanalytic theory share in a cultural estimation of the female body as . . . grotesque . . . and consequently repress this figure in their narratives" (p. 496) The reason for this repression, she speculates, was men's "fear of being turned back into women" (p. 457), from a Renaissance belief that both sexes were originally female. In this regard, her observations are not far from Freud's (1940): the man's "mental structure least accessible to influence . . . [is his] feminine attitude toward his own sex, a precondition of which, of course would be the loss of his penis" (p. 194). Kahn's (1981) study of Shakespeare's texts also suggests that men need to maintain masculine orientation through repression of their feminine aspects. Kahn, however, emphasizes the pregenital issues of individuation and self-differentiation, pointing out that "men know woman as the matrix of all satisfaction, from which they struggle to differentiate themselves in order to be men." In this context, Kahn interprets men's aggression and suppression of woman as a defense against primitive merger with the maternal figure. It is interesting to note in this connection that infants of upper class early modern families were routinely sent off to be wet-nursed for the first twelve to eighteen months of life, increasing the probability of fixation in conflicts about separation-individuation. In what follows, I intend to explore how the tensions postulated by these observers are evident in Hotspur's words and thus undermine the gender misrepresentation of Hotspur, this "whirlwind that rages through the nation," (as Cohen calls him [1985, p. 84]). * * * The violent world that Hotspur inhabits should have taught him not to identify inconstancy as a feminine trait. Just a few lines before he devalues Kate (and all women), he was fuming over the defection of an erstwhile ally--a man, of course--who had shown himself to be anything but constant. And Hotspur himself is far from constant; he now is plotting an insurrection against his king whom he had helped to depose another king (Richard II). Why is it then that it is women who are not to be trusted? Hotspur persists in this curious lack of awareness of the possible unreliability of men. Even as he reads the letter from the defecting ally, he insists on the trustworthiness of the conspirators--he even uses the word "constant": "By the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever was laid, our friends true and constant: a good plot, and full of expectation; an excellent plot, very good friends. What a frosty-spirited rogue is this!" (2.3.16-20). Three times in a single line of prose, in counterpoint with his triple devaluation of women with Kate, he reiterates, with rising certainty, the reliability of men. He seems to be trying to assure himself that his fellow conspirators are true and constant and it is the women who are, well, but yet women. He denies clear evidence of the unreliability of men, including himself, and attributes it instead to women. In denying men's unreliability and projecting it onto women, Hotspur's attitude is an emblematic representation of gender prejudice. This raises the question: What are the unconscious sources of his prejudice against women? * * * Hotspur is first introduced to the reader after his bloody victory over the Scots at Holmedon. Here, he is presented as a glorious standard of masculinity, a phallic symbol of the manhood that Henry IV wishes for his son, Prince Hal: A son who is the theme of honor's tongue, Among a grove the very straightest plant, Who is sweet Fortune's minion and her pride, (1.1.81-84) Soon this "very straightest plant" is locked in bitter contention with his erstwhile ally, Glendower, over how to divide the spoils of war--Henry's kingdom. It is only after Glendower capitulates that Hotspur discloses the driven nature of his own belligerent behavior. I do not care. I'll give thrice so much land To any well-deserving friend; But in the way of bargain, mark ye me, I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair. (2.1.135) Hotspur reveals that he not only chooses to be contentious; he cannot be otherwise. Later, when Mortimer chides him for his truculent behavior, he openly admits "I cannot choose." 146. The straightest plant must "cavil on the ninth part of a hair." This trait compels him to be the perpetual warrior, who gives freely to a friend but can yield him or her nothing. Hotspur must dominate those with whom he seeks to bond--even at the expense of his own interests. Thus the text presents a Hotspur who is threatened by compromise or yielding to another, and therefore rigidly maintains an aggressive stance toward the world. He is most confident while mounted on his horse. "That roan shall be my throne," he rhymes to his wife and servant (2.3.70). His drive for domination, honored by the king he seeks to dethrone and the society he seeks to rule, makes him a staunch ally in a fight--and a difficult husband for Kate. This presentation of Hotspur's character structure on the surface of the text can be read as a statement of a problem to be investigated and therefore the first stage in a process of disclosure. This process is similar to psychoanalysis where neurotic structures may first present themselves in the transference; analysis of associations to the transference then clarifies the nature of the underlying unconscious conflicts. Similarly, close reading of Hotspur's words associated with women and femininity can clarify the nature of his unconscious conflicts. These conflicts are evident in his first appearance in the text (1.3.43-58). While trying to explain his refusal to surrender his prisoners to the king, Hotspur disingenuously tries to justify his refusal by focusing on the persona of the king's messenger: And as the soldiers bore dead bodies by, He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly, To bring a slovenly and unhandsome corse Betwixt the wind and his nobility. With many holiday and lady terms He questioned me, amongst the rest demanded My prisoners in your Majesty's behalf. I then, all smarting with my wounds being cold, To be so bothered with a popinjay, Out of my grief and impatience Answer'd neglectingly, I know not what-- He should, or he should not--for he made me mad To see him shine so brisk and smell so sweet, And talk so like a waiting-gentlewoman Of guns, and drums, and wounds, God save the mark! And telling me the sovereignest thing on earth Was parmaciti for an inward bruise. (1.3.42-58) Hotspur considers his reaction to the messenger sufficient justification for defiance: after all, any real man would react exactly as he did to such an insufferable person. There seems to be a gentleman's agreement that any warrior man would react as Hotspur had to such a "popinjay" (read here as a talkative and conceited person) for the king and the other men have no reservations about this explanation. Interestingly, no one seems to notice that Hotspur himself qualifies as a popinjay. As soon as the king and his retinue leaves, Hotspur announces: "And if the devil himself come and roar for them / I will not send them" (125). The messenger--if he existed at all outside of Hotspur's imagination--was merely a convenient excuse to conceal his own habitual defiance. It is the subtext of Hotspur's rant about the messenger that reveals what lies beneath this defiance--an unconscious truth Hotspur conceals from himself. He not only had encountered a popinjay, he had encountered an androgynous popinjay. The messenger "talks so like a waiting-gentlewoman . . . with many holiday and lady terms"--words and mannerisms that "made me mad" ("mad" is read here in its original sense as "crazed" or "demented"). The messenger exhibits--perhaps even flaunts--his femininity. The messenger conveys an unconscious message Hotspur finds intolerable: man is part woman. Hotspur then dismisses the messenger ("Answer'd neglectingly, I know not what-- / He should, or he should not") reflecting his dismissal of femininity in men--and therefore, the femininity in himself. In this interpretation, Hotspur's intolerance for a man who is "so like a waiting gentlewoman" reflects his inability to tolerate the gentle woman, waiting, repressed, within himself. When he recognizes femininity in another man, it must be repudiated so as to disown its existence within himself. Accordingly, his dismissal of the messenger mirrors Hotspur's inner dynamics. It is this dynamic that leads him to the "construction and maintenance of a phallocentric ideology" (Traub 1989). Hotspur's phallocentricity denies his androgyny. Further reading of the encounter with the messenger reveals more of what threatens Hotspur. The messenger tells him that a soldier is an "untaught knave, unmannerly," undermining a cornerstone of Hotspur's masculine identity. Further, the messenger "demanded the prisoners on your Majesty's behalf." Hotspur must now yield to the demands of the patriarch--perhaps like a waiting-gentlewoman. Finally, the messenger recommends "parmaciti" (a salve thought to contain whale sperm) for his "inward bruise." Hotspur's "God save the mark!" (God forbid!) reflects his fear of impregnation. Without pause, Hotspur's rant mocks the messenger's ill-concealed fearfulness: And it was a great pity, so it was, This villainous saltpetre should be digg'd Out the bowels of the harmless earth, Which many a good tall fellow had destroyed So cowardly, and but for these vile guns He himself would be a soldier. (1.3.54-58) Hotspur is contemptuous of the messenger's fear of "these vile guns . . . which many a good tall fellow had destroyed"--and nearly Hotspur as well! But Hotspur does not refer to his own fears here or elsewhere in the text: therefore he must repress his anxiety, disowning it when he finds it reflected in another man, exactly as he disowns his femininity. For him, fearfulness is associated with femininity and can therefore be no part of his identity. Hotspur is afraid to be afraid. Hotspur's anxiety about "his feminine attitude toward his own sex" and his fear of reversion (Traub) leave him no choice; he must be the defiant man-at-arms rather than the "cowardly" gentle-woman. Yet despite this disclosure in the subtext, a vexing question remains. Since loss of the penis and reversion to an original female state are only fantasies, why can't Hotspur (and men like him) accept inner femininity and take some compensatory comfort--perhaps even pleasure--in feminine identity? There must be still other, deeper, conflict areas that can interfere with the acceptance and enjoyment of inner femininity in such men. The scene (2.3) of Hotspur's first encounter with Kate sheds light on these areas. Hotspur is now reacting to the letter from a defecting ally: "Zounds, and I were now by this rascal, I could brain him with his lady's fan" and "you are a shallow cowardly hind . . . a dish of skimmed milk " (2.3.22). Once again, he associates fearfulness with femininity (thereby disassociating it from himself) but now, his "dish of skimmed milk" makes reference to the mother-infant dyad, with possible resonance to the messenger's "parmaciti for an inward bruise." Only women and babies are fearful and need comforting, according to Hotspur. Enter his lady, Kate, and Hotspur promptly announces that he must leave within a few hours. But Kate wants to know why he distances himself from her: O my good lord, why are thou thus alone? For what offense have I this fortnight been A banish'd woman from my Harry's bed? Tell me, sweet lord, what is't that takes from thee Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, And start so often when thou sit'st alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks, And given my treasures and my rights of thee To thick-ey'd musing and curst melancholy? (2.3.37-46). For a fortnight now, Hotspur has not made love with her but rather he seems troubled and preoccupied with his own thoughts. Kate feels rejected and tries to talk with him but Hotspur only calls for his horse. Now Kate will try anything to cajole him into confiding what she has already guessed about his plans for insurrection: Come, come, you paraquito, answer me Directly unto this question that I ask. In faith, I'll break thy little finger, Harry, And if thou will not tell me all things true. (2.3.85-88) She suggests that they play-fight ("In faith, I'll break thy little finger, Harry."), intuitively selecting the abrasive contact Hotspur prefers. She misses their intimacy and perhaps seeks "parmaciti for an inward bruise." But Hotspur distances her, just as he distanced the messenger: Away, Away, you trifler! Love, I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate. This is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips. We must have bloody noses and cracked crowns, And pass them current too. God's me, my horse! (2.3.89-95) Hotspur indirectly answers Kate's question about why has she been banished from his bed. But it cannot simply be his preoccupation with insurrection, as Hotspur seems to believe; soldiers need not avoid love-making a fortnight before combat. His aviodance is could be another manifestation of his difficulty with women. His "This is no time to play with mammets" indicates that Hotspur associates love-making with playing with mammets--literally "dolls," but also possibly Hotspur's bawdy word-play on "mammas," Elizabethan slang, taken from Latin, for women's breasts. A literal reading "mammets" as "dolls" indicates that Hotspur associates making love with children playing with dolls. He could tolerate the thought of playing toy soldiers, but love-play with Kate now evokes imagery of doll-play--feminine in Elizabethan convention. Considered in light of his aversion to feminine identification in a man (as revealed with the messenger), playing with dolls is a distinct threat. Doll play is usually doll family play, often baby and mother, and this intersects with the punning reading of "mammets" as "mammas" for breasts. The onomatopoetic quality of both "mammets" and "mammas" also echo the almost universal instinctive "ma" signifier for mother. Thus, both the literal and punning readings of "mammets" lead back to mother, her breast, the baby at her breast, and--most regressed--a fused, undifferentiated state. "To tilt with lips" also can be read as "to tilt with labia," another reference to the threat of identification with the woman and fusion with her imago, the mother, now during the actual process of genital union. Horney (1933) and Chasseguet-Smirgel (1974) describe this type of anxiety. This interpretation of Hotspur's avoidance of Kate matches Kahn's (1981) concept that "men know women as the matrix of all satisfaction, from which they struggle to differentiate themselves" (p. 11). Hotspur must guard his boundaries to differentiate himself in these perilous times; his world is no world to play with mammets--dolls or breasts. The intensity of his struggle against this regressive imagery associated with women can be measured by Hotspur's thrice repeated distancing of Kate: "Away you, trifler! Love, I love thee not, \ I care not for thee, Kate." (Hotspur seems to express strong feelings with triplets.) * * * Thus far, Hotspur's difficulties have been examined only in the context of relationships, but he has problems in another important area: he cannot enjoy literature or the arts . He tells Glendower: I had rather be a kitten and cry mew Than one of these same metre ballet-mongers. I had rather hear a brazen canstick turn'd, Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree, And that would set my teeth nothing on edge, Nothing so much as mincing poetry. 'Tis like the forced gait of a shuffling nag. (2.1.127-133). Hotspur associates listening to songs with being "a kitten and cry[ing] mew" and poetry is "like the forced gait of a shuffling nag"--once again the fear of infantile helplessness and passive submission. Because the arts have assumed this conflict-laden meaning, he finds attending to them an ordeal: "I had rather hear a brazen canstick turn'd,/ Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree." Accordingly, he reacts to the arts as he had to the messenger and Kate, dismissing them all for similar reasons. Toward the end of the scene, Hotspur underscores his linkage of helplessness and submission with femininity. Now, he is lying with his head in Kate's lap, trying not to listen to Mortimer's wife sing: Kate: Lie still, ye thief, and listen to the lady sing. Hotspur: I had rather hear Lady, my branch, howl in Irish. Kate: Would'st thou have thy head broken? Hotspur: No. Kate: Then be still. Hotspur: Neither, 'tis a woman's fault. (2.3.234-240) Hotspur tersely sums it up: `tis a woman's fault to enjoy the arts. * * * In the privacy of the Percys' bedroom, we learn of Hotspur's dreams, as reported by Kate: In thy faint slumbers I have by thee watch'd' And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars, Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed, Cry "Courage! to the field!" And thou hast talk'd Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, Of pallisadoes, frontiers, parapets, Of basiliks, of cannon, culverin, Of prisoner's ransom, of soldiers slain, And all the currents of a heady fight; Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, And thus has so bestirr'd thee in thy sleep. (2.3.46-57) The manifest content of the dreams reflects Hotspur's familiar characterological armament: the military trappings of the warrior parading about the text. Dreams, however, like the waking behavior of the dreamer, disguise unconscious contents and the latent content of his dreams could supplement what has already been disclosed and might reveal additional information. All that is needed now to uncover the latent content of Hotspur's dreams is his free associations. Here, of course, conventional dream interpretation founders: literary characters do not associate to their dreams--at least not in Shakespeare's time. But Hotspur's unconscious is the same, awake or asleep, and what we already have learned about it from his waking life also applies to his dreams. In his sleep, Hotspur cries out "Courage, to the field!"--manifestly Hotspur is encouraging his soldiers to overcome their fears and take to the field. But his encounter with the messenger and his reaction to the frightened ally suggest that Hotspur is afraid to be afraid and therefore represses his own Fears. The timid soldiers might represent his own repressed fears, dream disguises for Hotspur himself,. Similarly, he must repress wishes to yield and be taken care of--that is only for women and babies. Accordingly, his dreaming "of prisoners' ransom" may contain a reference to himself, his own wish to surrender and yield himself to the enemy. Emergence of this wish into dream content carries with it all the anxiety of living it out on the battlefield. No wonder Hotspur's slumbers have been faint. But Hotspur's life--awake and dreaming--is suffused with aggression; he is "the whirlwind that rages through the nation." The lesson of Shakespeare's histories--and of history itself--suggests that interpreting aggression simply as defense is not sufficient to account for the intensity of aggression that men like Hotspur exhibit. Aggression itself, as an independent factor must play a central role. On the surface, Hotspur is comfortable--too comfortable--with his aggression: "We must have bloody noses and crack'd crowns," he told Kate earlier. But note the plural "we": Hotspur includes himself among the possible casualties. The plural "we" might indicate that Hotspur also turns his aggression on himself because of unconscious anxiety about its destructive consequences. According to this interpretation, self-destructive wishes are hidden within the latent content of his dreams, and therefore beneath his manifest belligerence while awake: wishes to be managed, taken prisoner, pierced, and finally, the soldier slain. Hotspur finally lives out these wishes when, despite (or because of) defections within his ranks, he joins battle at Shrewsbury and is pierced and slain by Prince Hal. Hotspur's "We must have bloody noses and crack'd crowns" does, in fact, ultimately include himself. Thus, Hotspur's battle dreams contain anxiety about aggression, directed both at others and himself. This anxiety reinforces and is reinforced by fears of inner femininity and fusion with mother. Thus, multiple layers of conflict are hidden beneath the cloak of this military man. Perhaps deepest of all, Hotspur is the mirror-image of the messenger whose aggression is obscured by feminine tapestry. Hotspur flaunts his aggression to conceal his femininity, fearfulness, and self-destructiveness, concealing it all beneath the banner "of basiliks, of cannon, culverin." * * * Study of Hotspur offers us an opportunity to examine how Shakespeare discloses the paradoxical quality of phallocentricity. Hotspur, the knight who helped defeat a king and usurp a kingdom, is nervous with his wife. The subtext helps to resolve the paradox by revealing underlying terrors of the gentle woman, the babe at the breast and self-destructiveness. Hotspur's defenses against these anxieties produces appropriate, perhaps even necessary, behavior in a fight but these same defenses impose serious limitations in marriage, friendship, and pleasure in the arts. Notes A earlier version of this essay appeared in Literature and Psychology 40 (1993): 118-132. Works Cited Chasseguet-Smirgel, Janine (1974). Perversions, Idealizations, and Sublimation. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 55: 349-357. Cohen, Derek (1985) The Rite of Violence in 1 Henry IV. Shakespeare Survey 38: 77-84, . Freud, Sigmund.(1940 [1938]). An Outline of Psychoanalysis. Std. Edn. 22. London: Hogarth Press, 1964. Galenson, Eleanor, and Herman Roiphe (1976). Some Suggested Revisions Concerning Early Female Development. Journal of of the American Psychoanalytic Association 24(5): 29-57. Gohlke (Sprengnether), Madelon (1980). "I Wooed Thee With My Sword"; Shakespeare's Tragic Paradigms. In The Woman's Part: Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare, eds. Carolyn Lenz, Gayle Greene, and Carol T. Neely. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press. Horney, Karen (1933). The Dread of Women. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 13: 348-360. Kahn, Coppélia (1981). Man's Estate: Masculine Identity in Shakespeare. Berkeley: University of California Press. Kris, Ernst (1948). Prince Hal's Conflict. In Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art. New York: International Universities Press, 1962. McDougall, Joyce (1980). Plea for a Measure of Abnormality. New York: International Universities Press. Neely, Carol T. (1988). Constructing the Subject: Femininist Practice and the New Renaissance Discourses. ELR 18: 5-18. ----- (1989). Shakespeare's Women: Historical Facts and Dramatic Representations. In Shakespeare's Personality, eds. Norman Holland, Sidney Homan, and Bernard Paris. Berkeley; University of California Press. The Riverside Shakespeare (1974). Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
21752	yago	2	1	https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/2018/05/life-in-time-of-elizabeth-mortimer-and.html	en	Yarde Reviews & Book Promotion: Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy by Anne O’Brien #HistoricalFiction #NewRelease #mustread @anne	https://blogger.googleus…elsh+Marches.JPG	https://blogger.googleus…elsh+Marches.JPG	[ "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYB28NgBWrlsa6ASz71KUuZkbfgE29ox6-V93m0P6k2giywD4kL_ah8zg1-_EPGSPbTjnF28k58ZGLCD0QvMjCdltPBHEEHw_WZIVHuiyZYQqsHPb5JOjXs6nGLnCUbVyohb1RhknOmOmRSOW-6Cutcnm_dsmQUZbtb7bpmRKPd48rbitZ6be8zVs6YN8=s1130", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlDM5Ie3QBlJhi_si9O6YKuyhUeJPa5EMFtRKu_nKKMpBylE0D9Za7Z85Y3eXz-J3AZWis3rCirX9JSffYrgdzF-uvJmjXYEUNg8NkUYvKFJLHgiskGENkE1qQyQs52n-hqHwKj_iWms/s640/Wigmore+Castle%252C+once+the+pre-eminent+Mortimer+fortress+in+the+Welsh+Marches.JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsywgB4Cottu_BBnVeJUnn_gySBrDI0nLz9dScjov_hpuALK_GjcnHx9lVOOBTQM_ERz042dzXBfgzhGq3JVoX_9kK2ow7o0IqqBtcKv27GSqubejSyVEZxYtFvEXkZ20L2IgkLUCjPqM/s640/Entrance+to+Ludlow+Castle%252C+the+centre+of+Mortimer+power+in+the+Welsh+March.JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6EfFfkhvbNmzDtx1Xb5Yj-g3djAijqw7jSEF5BE5zDpOEfDJVUwEfc7aLFGxFQhpeAzxwJoDFTvuQqLW5VeVlwuTP-DaOoHiYnoILYLQNR9TLGwqq1-p9yo-a5UVtyud9RRId-A38c84/s640/Ludlow+Castle+-+the+Great+Hall%252C+Great+Chamber+Block+and+chapel+what+Elizabeth+would+have+known+well..JPG", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRC1-uVNs5GjNn6UCPODPAiSoJ_75sT1IDHsqfloHuI6OvVHgPNFo99-3H5gFrvGXJAIeGMtyo5aZE4BsJJozpQM4fGnQlKHA3HtMQjo9ymZfM_NLmwq_kiS_QIO6OgMFdMjZwxm8vclc/s200/untitled_shoot-028.jpg", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF4pU-2Z_VX2bzdVOI-cYV_k3EbujOuSHDP5yB3KqWvtRfLoF93Qpd0RC69uHMWbHvnbfoo_ulSiKy8ho19VTBLtWaiYU5IW6FwQbCr7l7ECJXyySMzeWxpsw4_A8WYM_NARVlFJfJBB4/s320/61470xIIPmL.jpg", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgvnKC3OTyZpwmTe75ooq7gr2LEN-_YvGQl77ZdFU1JymGc_0ViZKY2oT6utDvYd7xVxVQ4QO3k29PAXiJmn5-yiHe-BfhgEtYw7dArnrvuEjbZBVxN1N9Dcw1qciTAANUbAZ2nbyLkS-2vVZ7j08E3-XqI3dkUBvPFgWPge9Y4_BEG3kMqO_Z_Kjq3Dg4=s148", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZqXTZGZQH_5HXStRMYqC_lgLGlHNSe20XR62fIFiOtbAgrguESCsxGEcmZmPWJPzMvnNa_LbBT7NDvvF6cUOKVGfxmR0GgvfOncd7LrZCsbAO_ZhthJM2OxR1H2euMwqtYA6m4zwuhkN362fkkQ_zj_LwB14zIplvnhzc9GA5TqmkQG-StdLgcE2-ZyM=s210", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3sdv7bmJme9B6ZPjh4OYLEEBs1Py_GYRupOtvoVtK3MOHzkBFjHq-f3-3Z_0URJFuQzndIeVgYmMFw_81ZQuWacpKcCrNBKDlEOvUl5uXhcxUR8UldLUfD8nQ0cUblFw_BUn8eDAhULaDJoPBKgGXlgWMBrWCPBbXgX0lHyqpRvS1MMksZkg5F1jm8rs=s330", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6MS5SeZglhzQNuz0-KcpbnydCr-iMZX-FcCJ-J9RRWf7lSsgUCewV48JCrwX5vUqgmG0u-HNMPsKQzaqX9JYfVFd4bkiVHGBSjz6jaiX-GWnNXRPRGHEFGsuPqjy3UVoUFuLiVg1a6nE8r5mJCJxi-O7r2InJ-yABWtQWaAxouj4XjzogEf8iujFoPvA=s204", "https://readersfavorite.com/images/banners/qxoavngkreyiwvd.jpg", "https://blog.feedspot.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/historical_book_216px.png?x58297", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFfrluV38N9EbEz5GGOsmcvVCX1YHjQ8CeLISw7B9WO2SrhnBijYxC4ANSszsIsv7PAp4cgZoDT7weaiVNwcZVfWfA7W4VEHToknok8Rnt5oEJide0oojiKVUcPtlZ_u9BQwTICRbcZnU2v8rYhQEoj_0CVemaWy92WSzSGRGzsvWOj5UGOlSqUpKsOBA=s255", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYx96F-de6FejA8-hBA3mEF896-Bb0k-SGhHryF1zkFQdtb2d_h31N7nypJ8VxeGfmF10h9yhpJMImA6pM2B6w7epesCV7YHp7lZkR13oqAIp5NWIjoFhVeEag3m1CwKCxOmfDUy45pQE_34vBFGsjCpUVmwnY_NsdnbQ1tKCXJFKOo5PpuKjAPFaaHgQ=s330", "https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yj7xHbQFdQQ/XzFtg_fwq0I/AAAAAAAAahs/Gk2STSPc9rMTEfp7X-Ra2CO2EFBI3iJ_QCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/historical-novel-society-small.jpg", "https://d1vbo0kv48thhl.cloudfront.net/images/reader_rank_badge_big.png", "https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OLdU4rG3pKs/XseHDChKx4I/AAAAAAAAWTU/j6POblXluzADIlRpa3vM2pOT9pzULffBgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/goodreads_icon_100x100-4a7d81b31d932cfc0be621ee15a14e70.png", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/3b5e0d2b1437de1c2f0596a24e8fb58b50013764", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/47c978f00cb098442c56f48d0413034bc5f66f10", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vrxglOoqGpNT6tXgp3tBHVby7_C4y0uR5tv_uAXspp-VmaHhuGdiazuU6c4ImJ8Y4hTMNaB-HJVV-tG-O5ozsAlSeGfYe7bld0qqcL29EeT4JiPF9FI6XjQLhXAYfHp7f5C8eKbg=s0-d" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Mary Anne Yarde" ]	null	Life in the time of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry (Hotspur) Percy By Anne O’Brien Elizabeth Mortimer was one of t...	en	https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		https://maryanneyarde.blogspot.com/2018/05/life-in-time-of-elizabeth-mortimer-and.html
21752	yago	0	12	https://www.whobegatwhom.co.uk/ind3081.html	en	Elizabeth MORTIMER			[ "https://www.whobegatwhom.co.uk/img550-a1-170x227-450x600.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Elizabeth MORTIMER ( - ) Second Generation 2. Lady Elizabeth PERCY, daughter of Sir Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) and Elizabeth MORTIMER, was born circa 1390. She married in 1404. She married John CLIFFORD in 1404. She died on 26 October 1437. They were great grandparents of Jane Seymour, wife of Henry VIII. John CLIFFORD, son of Thomas CLIFFORD (c. 1363-1391) and Elizabeth ROS (c. 1390-c. 1437), was born in 1388 in Appleby, Westmoreland. He had the title '7th Lord Clifford'. He died on [Julian] 13 March 1421 in Meaux. He was killed at the Siege of Meaux, Seine-et-Marne, France. He was buried in Bolton Abbey/Friars Minors, Ipswich, Suffolk. He and Elizabeth PERCY had the following children: +3 Thomas CLIFFORD (1414-1455) Third Generation 3. Thomas CLIFFORD, son of John CLIFFORD and Lady Elizabeth PERCY, was born in 1414. He had the title '8th Lord Clifford'. He married Joan DACRE circa 1424 in Skelton, Yorkshire. Thomas was killed at the Battle of St. Albans. When his father died at Meaux in France Thomas was only seven years old. He was commissioned in 1434/5 along with his uncle the Earl of Northumberland to array the northern counties against the Scots. In 1449 he was conservator of the truce between England and Scotland and in 1450-1he was one of three Ambassadors from Henry VI to James III of Scotland. In 1437 he laid siege to Pontoise near Paris. He dressed his soldiers in white and under the cover of a snowstorm they scaled the ramparts and captured the fortress. The King called on him again in 1452 and 1454 to muster men and ships from the north to relief Calais. The Hundred Years War with France drew to a close and Thomas returned home but by May 1455 the struggle for control of the English throne had erupted into violence and Thomas Clifford was killed at the first battle of St. Albans. Thomas 8th Lord Clifford had married Joan Dacre in 1424 and they had six children.
21752	yago	3	51	https://bulkeley.org/dreams-shakespeare-henry-iv-part/	en	Dreams and Shakespeare: Henry IV Part I	https://bulkeley.org/wp-…9/kb-100x100.png	https://bulkeley.org/wp-…9/kb-100x100.png	[ "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Edwin_Landseer_-_Scene_from_A_Midsummer_Nights_Dream._Titania_and_Bottom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/imgres.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/images-4.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/340px-Grützner_Falstaff_mit_Kanne-150x150.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/imgres-2-150x150.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/600px-Richard_Caton_Woodvilles_The_Battle_of_Towton-500x328.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/images-1.jpg", "https://bulkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/images-3.jpg", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ac1db85391b5a1a6e9a282d5931ec87d?s=80&d=mm&r=g" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Kelly Bulkeley" ]	2017-04-21T00:31:27+00:00	Dreams and Shakespeare: Henry IV Part I	en	https://bulkeley.org/wp-…9/kb-100x100.png	Kelly Bulkeley	https://bulkeley.org/dreams-shakespeare-henry-iv-part/	Sleep is both a gentle source of earthly pleasure and a stressful battlefield of military violence in Shakespeare’s stirring portrait of a young Prince. The play opens with Henry IV, the 15th century English King, planning his military strategy against various enemies who are threatening rebellion. One of the rebel leaders is Henry “Hotspur” Percy, the Earl of Northumberland’s valiant son whose battlefield exploits have become legendary. As the King reflects on Hotspur’s noble deeds, he cannot ignore the painful contrast with his own unruly, disobedient son, Prince Henry or “Hal,” who wastes his time in “riot and dishonor” with a lowlife gang of drunkards, thieves, and scoundrels. The King’s first mention of his child is a wish to be rid of him: O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged In cradle clothes our children where they lay, And called mine Percy, and his Plantagenet! Then I would have his Harry, and he mine. (I.i.88-92) In many cultures around the world, including early modern England, people have been terrified by the evil spirits that strike infants in their sleep. To protect their children, parents have used prayers, rituals, amulets, and holy artifacts to ward off the malevolent beings who attack newborns during the dark of night. In this context, it would be shocking for a parent to actively wish that a “night-tripping fairy” would come to steal his true child. By so wishing, the King reveals the cruel extremity of his detachment from young Henry. The next scene introduces Prince Hal’s scurrilous but intimate group of friends, led by Sir John Falstaff, a man of grand humor and bottomless appetites. Hal’s first words make this clear: “Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack and unbuttoning thee after supper and sleeping upon benches after noon” (I.ii.2-4). Here is a neat list of Falstaff’s chief vices, which include a gluttonous desire for sleep. Falstaff enjoys sleeping for the same reason he enjoys drinking and whoring—they feel good. But he denies the Prince’s moral condemnation of his chosen way of life, now and in the future: “When thou art King, let not us that are squires of the night’s body be called thieves of the day’s beauty. Let us be Diana’s foresters, gentlemen of the shade, minions of the moon; and let men say we be men of good government, being governed as the sea is, by our noble and chaste mistress the moon, under whose countenance we steal.” (I.ii.23-30) Even though Falstaff is speaking in prose, his words have a roguish poetry. He casts himself as a member of a mystical lunar guild; he breaks the laws of the daytime not because he is a base criminal, but because he is a true and faithful servant of the “mistress the moon.” Hal knows that Falstaff is no such thing, but he also knows the fun of hanging around with Falstaff is listening to him spin out absurd stories and fanciful lies. Even more fun is playing a trick on Falstaff to provoke his boundless capacity for creative falsehoods. Such an opportunity arises when Poins, a renowned highway robber, arrives and tells them of an excellent opportunity for profitable thievery. A group of rich pilgrims will be traveling on a nearby road in the pre-dawn darkness, and it would be easy to ambush them and separate them from their valuables. Poins declares, “We may do it as secure as sleep” (I.ii.132-133). This analogy emphasizes the simplicity of the plan. Just as it’s easy to go to sleep, it will be easy to rob the pilgrims. Falstaff accepts this metaphorical reasoning, given how quickly and comfortably he can fall sleep (more on this in a moment). Yet the analogy has another layer of meaning that Falstaff does not recognize, of sleep as a descent into a world of darkness and disorientation with strange reversals of identity and startling discoveries of truth and deception. Falstaff doesn’t know it, but Poins soon confides to Hal that the real plan is to trick Falstaff during the robbery. To be “as secure as sleep” will turn out to be not very secure at all. What ensues is one of the greatest scenes in literature as Hal and the other “minions of the moon” banter with Falstaff while he tells his thrilling, heroic, and completely fictional account of what happened during the robbery. The Prince shares the old rogue’s giddy joy in his fanciful flights of imagination. Despite their radical differences in age and station, they have this creative pleasure in common. Their playful battles of wit generate an exuberant vitality that enlivens them both. The jesting abruptly ends when the Sheriff arrives to inquire about the robbery. Everyone scatters and hides while the Prince must resume his royal identity and assure the Sheriff the pilgrims will be repaid for what they have lost. After the Sheriff has left, Hal tells Peto to find that “oily rascal.” A moment later Peto calls out, “Falstaff! Fast asleep behind the arras, and/Snorting like a horse” (II.iv.535-536). The comedy of Peto’s discovery turns on Falstaff’s blithe lack of concern for anything but his own immediate bodily pleasure. While the Sheriff is in that very room looking to arrest him for a capital crime, Sir John lays down in a dark place and slips into a deep, beastly slumber. Unburdened by guilt or shame, having no ambition beyond the next bottle of sack, he is not even perturbed by Hal’s recent, ominous words about a future banishment (“I do, I will.”). Falstaff enjoys sleep as one of the many sumptuous courses in the great feast of life, and he lets nothing distract him from consuming his fill. At the other end of the spectrum, the relentlessly aggressive Hotspur treats sleep as another battlefield where enemies can be attacked, fought, and conquered. In Hotspur’s opening scene he rages against the King for refusing to help his kinsman Mortimer and commanding no further discussion of it. Hotspur imagines a nocturnal assault on the arrogant monarch: He said he would not ransom Mortimer, Forbade my tongue to speak of Mortimer, But I will find him when he lies asleep, And in his ear I’ll hollo ‘Mortimer.’” (I.iii.235-236) He may threaten to attack the King during sleep, but it’s Hotspur himself who has the most troubled slumber of anyone in the play. His wife, Lady Kate, asks him why he is so agitated and disturbed: “Tell me, sweet lord, what is’t that takes from thee/Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep?” (II.iii.41-42) In contrast to Falstaff, Hotspur has lost all of his normal physical appetites. Lady Kate goes on to describe in sorrowful detail the frightening spectacle of her husband’s sleeping body: In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watched, And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars, Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed, Cry ‘Courage! to the field!’ And thou has talked Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, Of palisades, frontiers, parapets, Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, Of prisoners’ ransom, and of soldiers slain, And all the currents of a heady fight. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow Like bubbles in a late-disturbed stream, And in thy face strange motions have appeared, Such as we see when men restrain their breath On some great sudden hest. O what portents are these? Some heavy business hath my lord in hand, And I must know it, else he loves me not. (II.iii.48-66) Lady Kate’s account opens a window into the war-obsessed, hyper-militarized mind of Hotspur. Fighting is all he thinks about, day and night, in waking and sleeping. Her description of his physical reactions have aspects of both sleep paralysis and night terrors, which are often triggered by frightening or unsettling situations in waking life. His behavior may even reflect the repetitive nightmares symptomatic of post-traumatic stress disorder; his wartime experiences would have given him plenty of raw material. But Lady Kate is trying to emphasize how frightening it is for her to watch her beloved endure such unconscious torments—he’s sweating, he can’t breathe, he’s in obvious distress. Her plea for him to tell her what’s wrong is a plea for him to recognize the painful impact of his nocturnal suffering on her. This passage offers the closest approximation of a full dream report available in the play. Dreams are mentioned elsewhere twice in turns of phrase (“that thou dreamst not of,” II.i.69-70; “before not dreamt of,” IV.i.78) meant to emphasize something that’s vitally important yet beyond normal reckoning. Hotspur at one point says he hates foolish talk about “the dreamer Merlin and his prophecies” (III.i.161). Besides that, the only other reference to dreaming is indirect, in the pre-battle scene where the rebel lords take leave of their ladies. Mortimer’s wife, who can only speak Welsh, invites her husband to enjoy a final, private reverie together: She bids you on the wanton rushes lay you down And rest your gentle head upon her lap, And she will sing the song that pleaseth you And on your eyelid crown the god of sleep, Charming your blood with pleasing heaviness, Making such difference ‘twixt wake and sleep As is the difference betwixt day and night The hour before the heavenly-harnessed team Begins his golden progress in the east (III.i.230-239) This is a beautiful image of sensual slumber, and one of the most poignant moments in the play. A woman who cannot speak her husband’s language offers to ease him into a lyrical space of soothing comfort, away from the sharp edges of waking reality. Indeed, I wonder if she is subtly helping him incubate a dream to guide him in the coming battle. The liminal state she is trying to evoke, just before dawn when sleep is about to yield to waking, is in fact the time when the human brain typically enters its peak phase of REM sleep, generating the highest frequency of remembered dreams. What about Prince Henry? How will he sleep and dream? We do not know yet. He is still unformed, his identity still in the process of becoming. He has two more plays to go. Will he learn from Falstaff and the “gentlemen of the shade” to sleep easily and well, or will he fall prey like Hotspur to the wrenching, inescapable violence of a militarized dreamscape? #### Contemporary performances: Last week I saw a powerful production of Henry IV Part I at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, with Daniel Jose Molina as the young Prince, G. Valmont Thomas as Falstaff, and Alejandra Escalante as Hotspur. The scenes with Molina and Thomas were magical; at several points in their comedic jousting I had tears of laughter running down my cheeks. The intimate space of the Thomas Theater enabled both actors to draw the audience into their merry band of criminal conspirators, making everyone feel a part of their antics, adventures, and jests. I truly lost track of time during the riotous fourth scene of Act II. When the Sheriff suddenly arrived it felt like a harsh and unwanted intrusion into our fun times, like an alarm clock jarring us out of a good dream. A buzz-kill, in other words. The casting of Escalante as Hotspur gave a fresh look at Shakespeare’s classic portrait of a young warrior, inflamed with a righteous rage for vengeance. Escalante’s intense performance decoupled Hotspur’s aggression from gender, which is perhaps another way of saying her performance humanized this aspect of Hotspur’s character. I found the effect especially strong in the scene where Lady Kate (played by Nemuna Ceesay) described Hotspur’s frightening behaviors in sleep. Escalante and Ceesay had a vibrant and mutual romantic rapport that seemed to subtly change these lines from a shameful revelation of cowardly fear into an honest admission of the burden of fighting to uphold one’s ideals. Instead of driving them apart, this deeply emotional exchange brought them closer together.
21752	yago	0	90	http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/northumberland1377.htm	en	Northumberland, Earl of (E, 1377			[ "https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Cracroft's Peerage The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage If you have found this page useful, why not make a donation to The Peerage Research Trust so that we can continue to maintain and develop Cracroft's Peerage? \| Search this site \| Introduction \| Contents \| The Monarchy \| The Peerage \| The Baronetage \| Untitled Families \| Orders of Chivalry \| Miscellaneous \| Forums \| Contact Us \| Links \| ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Northumberland, Earl of (E, 1377 - 1406) Creation: let.pat. 16 Jul 1377 Forfeited: 4 Dec 1406 Family name: Percy ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Arms: See Earl of Northumberland ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Henry [de Percy], 4th Baron Percy later 1st Earl of Northumberland, KG 1st son and heir of Henry [de Percy], 3rd Baron Percy, by his wife Lady Mary Plantagent, 6th dau. of Henry "of Lancaster", 3rd Earl of Lancaster born 10 Nov 1341 mar. (1) 12 Jul 1358 Margaret de Ros (widow of William [de Ros], 3rd Baron Ros; d. May 1372), 1st dau. of Ralph [de Neville], 2nd Baron Neville, by his wife Alice de Audley, sister of Hugh [de Audley], 1st Earl of Gloucester, and only dau. of Hugh [Audley], 1st Baron Audley of Stratton Audley children by first wife 1. Sir Henry Percy KG "Hotspur", styled Lord Percy, knighted 1377, Warden of the East March 1384, 1388, 1393, 1396 and 1399, Knight of the Garter 1388, Lieutenant of Aquitaine 1394, Knight of the Bath 1400, Lieutenant in North and South Wales 1402, rebelled against King Henry IV and was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury (b. 20 May 1364; dvp. 21 Jul 1403), mar. bef. 10 Dec 1379 Lady Elizabeth Mortimer (b. 12 Feb 1370/1; mar. (2) Thomas [Camoys], 1st Baron Camoys; d. 20 Apr 1417), 1st dau. of Edmund [Mortimer], 3rd Earl of March, by his wife Lady Philippa Plantagenet, suo jure Countess of Ulster, only child of Lionel "of Antwerp", 1st Duke of Clarence (3rd son of King Edward III), and had issue: 1a. Henry Percy, later 1st Earl of Northumberland (second creation) 1a. Lady Elizabeth Percy (d. 26 Oct 1437), mar. (1) c. 1407 John [de Clifford], 7th Baron Clifford, and (2) 20 Jul 1426 as his first wife Ralph [Neville], 2nd Earl of Westmorland, and had issue by both husbands 2. Sir Thomas Percy (d. 1388), mar. 1376 Lady Elizabeth Strabolgi (mar. (2) bef. 1391 Sir John le Scrope, 5th son of Henry [le Scrope], 1st Baron Scrope of Masham, and (3) Robert de Thorley; d. aft. 1416), 1st dau. and cohrss of David [Strabolgi], 12th or 3rd Earl of Atholl, by his wife Elizabeth de Ferrers, 2nd dau. of Henry [de Ferrers], 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby, and had issue: 1a. Sir Henry Percy (d. 25 Oct 1432), mar. Elizabeth de Scales (widow of Robert [de Scales], 5th Baron Scales), dau. of William [Bardolph], 4th Baron Bardolph, and had issue: 1b. Elizabeth Percy (d. 28 Sep 1455), mar. (1) Thomas Burgh, and (2) Sir William Lucy (dsp. 1460), and had issue by her first husband 2b. Mary Percy (d. 28 Sep 1464), mar. (1) Henry [Grey], 3rd Baron Grey of Codnor, and (2) Sir Richard Vere, 4th son of John [Vere], 12th Earl of Oxford, and had issue by her first husband 2a. Thomas Percy (d. young) 3. Sir Ralph Percy (dsp. 15 Sep 1397), mar. bef. 20 Mar 1376/7 Lady Philippa Strabolgi (mar. (2) as his first wife John Halsham, of Coombs, co. Sussex; d. 2 Nov 1395), 2nd dau. and cohrss of David [Strabolgi], 12th or 3rd Earl of Atholl, by his wife Elizabeth de Ferrers, 2nd dau. of Henry [de Ferrers], 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby 4. Alan Percy (d. young) 1. Lady Margaret Percy (d. young) mar. (2) c. 15 Dec 1381 Maud de Umfraville, suo jure Baroness Lucy (widow of Gilbert [de Umfraville], 10th Earl of Angus; dsps. 18 Dec 1398), 1st dau. of Thomas [de Lucy], 2nd Baron Lucy, by his wife Margaret de Multon, sister and cohrss. of John de Multon, of Egremont, co. Northumberland, and dau. Thomas de Multon, of Egremont, co. Northumberland died 19 Feb 1407/8 created 16 Jul 1377 Earl of Northumberland note knighted c. 1361; Knight of the Garter c. 1366; Marshal of England 1376; Admiral of the North 1383; Sheriff of Northumberland 1384; presided over the Scrope v Grosvenor trial 1386-89; Captain of Calais 1389; Keeper of the East March and Keeper of Berwick 1391; a supporter of the Duke of Hereford later King Henry IV; Constable of England 1399; Warden of the West March 1399; rebelled against King Henry IV 1403 (his son being killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury 1403), submitted and was pardoned but again in rebellion 1405 and fled to Brittany; attainted 1406 and his lands and titles forfeited; returned to England in force but was defeated at the Battle of Bramham Moor where he was killed Following the attainder of the 1st Earl of Northumberland, the ancient Barony of Percy (cr. 1299) and the Earldom of Northumberland were forfeited. There is no evidence of any Act of Parliament reversing this attainder. Last updated 7 Jun 2009 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ã
21752	yago	0	3	https://www.historiamag.com/discovering-elizabeth-mortimer/	en	Discovering Elizabeth Mortimer – Historia Magazine	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico	[ "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Ludlow-Castle-©-Ian-Capper.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/roger-mortimer.jpeg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Elizabeth-Mortimer-Brass.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Hotspur-Alnwick-Castle.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Queen-of-the-North.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/google.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/email.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Leaving-Fatherland-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Artists-War-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Heir-of-Venus-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Chris-Lloyd-750-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Alex-2-body-750-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Glenfin-L-Sheil-1-750-100x100.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anne O'Brien" ]	2018-08-09T09:00:25+01:00		en	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico		https://www.historiamag.com/discovering-elizabeth-mortimer/	Anne O’Brien brings us a tale of ambition, treachery and betrayal in the reign of King Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer was one of the powerful medieval Mortimer family that dominated the Welsh Marches where I now live. It is difficult to ignore them round here if you have an interest in medieval history. I am surrounded by Mortimer castles, such as the impressive bulk of Ludlow (above), the much ruined Wigmore to the north, or Usk to the south; churches which the Mortimers enhanced with their tombs and stained glass, as at Much Marcle; the battlefields, notably Mortimer’s Cross, where they fought to enforce their power. Since coming to live in this part of the world twenty years ago my Mortimer interest has bloomed. The real Mortimer power was established in the early years of the 14th century by Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March, although his execution in 1330 for his role in the deposition of King Edward II could easily have destroyed it. A lenient Edward III restored the property and wealth to Roger’s widow, her grandson Roger became the second Earl of March, and future Mortimers made their loyalties to the Plantagenets clear. Thus the Mortimers received royal acclaim and so were not eclipsed. Their power was centred at Wigmore Castle on its rocky outcrop, the family buried at Wigmore Priory, until they moved their main base to Ludlow which Earl Roger had made into luxurious living accommodation as well as a formidable fortress. So who was Elizabeth Mortimer? What do we know about her? It has to be said, very little is on record in factual terms. History has reduced her to no more than a footnote in the history of her Mortimer menfolk. How often is this the case with medieval women, even from the most prominent of families? Elizabeth was born in 1371, probably at the Mortimer castle of Usk, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand-daughter of King Edward III. She married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur), heir to the Earl of Northumberland, when she was eight years old and Hotspur fifteen – a dynastic alliance between two great houses. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth. Caught up in the conflicts of Henry IV’s turbulent reign, Hotspur was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry, leaving Elizabeth a widow. Elizabeth’s son Henry, now heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England while his head was placed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial. In 1406 Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys, with whom she had a son, Roger. She pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of forty six. She was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine memorial brass showing them both, hand in hand. Very little to conjure with here. So why would I consider her for the main female protagonist in an historical novel? What was it that brought her to my notice? Quite simply, Elizabeth is given two thought-provoking, and indeed magical, scenes with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and then briefly, when widowed, in Part Two. Although Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate, here is Elizabeth: Lady Kate: In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry, An if thou wilt not tell me all things true. Hotspur: Away, Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: We must have bloody noses and crack’d crowns … William Shakespeare: Henry IV Part 1 And then, with Elizabeth as a widow: Lady Percy: He was the mark and glass, copy and book, That fashion’d others. And him, O wondrous him! O miracle of men! William Shakespeare Henry IV Part 2 It is a relationship full of conflict of personality but also of wit, deep affection and respect, a relationship to explore. As for Hotspur, he was such a mercurial figure, brave and courageous, winning glory on the battlefield, but he was also flawed, bringing his own downfall. I could not resist writing about them, and for me Elizabeth became the perfect protagonist for Queen of the North because of her family connections and her place in the events of the reign of Henry IV. During Elizabeth’s lifetime England underwent a period of great upheaval. King Richard II was deposed in 1399 by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, who took the throne as King Henry IV, the first of the Lancastrian Kings. Although Richard was soon conveniently dead, it did not prove to be a peaceful reign for Henry. Supporters of Richard, claiming that he was still alive, led plots and insurrection in England, while in Wales the mighty Owain Glyn Dwr was bidding to become Prince of Wales. It was a time of bloody civil war that must have torn families apart. Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second surviving son. Because of this royal connection, the Mortimer family had a viable claim to the English throne even though it came through a female line which had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days. This placed Elizabeth in the very centre of the struggle for power after the death of Richard II, the Mortimers claiming pre-eminence over King Henry IV, descended from the third son, John of Gaunt. The young boy Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, with the strongest claim was Elizabeth’s nephew. King Henry, well aware of the boy’s dangerous bloodline, kept him and his younger brother in captivity in Windsor Castle. For Elizabeth, if Richard II was no longer king, then the true heir to the throne must be her nephew. To complicate matters, Elizabeth’s family became embroiled in the struggle for power of Owain Glyn Dwr who claimed the title and authority of Prince of Wales. Elizabeth’s younger brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh March during his nephew’s minority, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Glyn Dwr’s forces. Kept a prisoner in Glyn Dwr’s household at Sycharth when King Henry refused to ransom him, Sir Edmund married one of Glyn Dwr’s daughters, changed sides and became one of the rebels. Where did the the Percys stand in this turbulence? Regarding themselves as Kings in the North, ruling the northern March between England and Scotland, snatching territory from the Scots whenever possible, initially they strongly supported King Henry. This would put Elizabeth and her husband on opposite sides of the fence, until King and Hotspur came to blows over Henry’s interference in Percy authority in the north and his inability to pay the Percys for their service in providing troops. This resulted in a showdown between Henry and Hotspur of major proportions, after which there was no going back. Hotspur joined forces with Sir Edmund Mortimer and Owain Glyn Dwr. This is the world in which Elizabeth would have lived, and here is the place, in a novel, for some well-founded historical speculation. How difficult was it for Elizabeth, in the midst of such a keen rivalry for power as she and Hotspur were drawn deeper into the maelstrom of high politics and betrayal, to keep a balance between her loyalties to family, husband, and new king? How much influence would she have on Hotspur’s change of allegiance? Was she engaged in the negotiations between her brother, husband, and Owain Glyn Dwr? All came to a tragic denouement at the battle of Shrewsbury where Hotspur and King Henry met in the field. Nor was this the end for Elizabeth. As a Mortimer and a traitor’s widow, it would not be in King Henry’s interests to allow her freedom to instigate further rebellion. Elizabeth was left to pay the price for her treachery, as well as accepting her own part in her husband’s death. So why was I compelled to write about Elizabeth? She was a woman who took on the role of traitor to the crown in support of her Mortimer nephew. She would know at first hand the resulting struggle between family loyalty and a desire to pursue what she saw as the rightful claim to the throne of England, despite all the pain it would bring her. She would also learn the ultimate constraints on her freedom, common to all medieval women, when as a potentially dangerous widow she was married to de Camoys, one of Henry IV’s close friends. What a compelling drama of power and treason, of betrayal and death this promised to be. It can of course be stated by those concerned only with facts that we have no evidence of Elizabeth’s motives or involvement in these events. I am unable to argue against this. How true is this of most medieval women, even those from powerful magnate families? Yet I cannot believe that they are as voiceless or as powerless as they seem. How many alliances and ambitions were hammered out over a platter of roast venison or in a more personal tete-a-tete between husband and wife? What must be omitted in the historical record of non-fiction can be explored in historical fiction, as long as the end result remains true to those facts and the characters are realistically accurate. Is that not the nature of historical fiction, to use the facts that we have of events and character and weave them into a page-turning story? Queen of the North is out now, published by HQ. Anne O’Brien is the bestselling author of 10 historical novels. Find out more at anneobrienbooks.com. Images:
21752	yago	2	89	http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PERCY.htm	en	PERCY			[ "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/images/Percy,Eleanor(BPowis)01_small.jpg", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/images/Percy,Dorothy(CLeicester)01_small.jpg", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Objetos/Escudos/tudor.gif", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Objetos/Image7.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	PERCY FAMILY Rollo Thurstan BRICO Born: ABT 885, Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway Married: Gerlotte De BLOIS (dau. of Theobald De Tours) ABT 936, Tillieres, Normandy, France Children: 1. Ansfred ROLLOSON 2. Rollo ROLLOSON Rollo ROLLOSON Born: ABT 945 Father: Rollo Thurstan BRICO Mother: Gerlotte ? Married: ¿? Children: 1. Mainfred De PERCY Mainfred De PERCY Born: ABT 980 Father: Rollo ROLLOSON Mother: ¿? Married: ¿? Children: 1. Geoffrey De PERCY Geoffrey De PERCY Born: ABT 1005 Father: Mainfred De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Margaret ? Children: 1. William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) 2. Serlo De PERCY (Abbot of Whitby) (b. ABT 1035) 3. Picot De PERCY (b. ABT 1050 - d. AFT 1125) William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Died: 1096 Buried: Mount Joy, Jerusalem Notes: Said to have accompanied Hugh d'Avranches, later Earl of Chester, from Normandy to England. See The Complete Peerage vol.X,p436. Father: Geoffrey De PERCY Mother: Margaret ? Married: Emma De PORT Children: 1. Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) 2. Walter De PERCY 3. William De PERCY (Abbot of Whitby) 4. Richard De PERCY Richard De PERCY Acceded: Dunsley Father: William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De PORT Married: Alice ? Children: 1. William De PERCY 2. Alexander De PERCY Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) Born: ABT 1069 Died: Dec 1135 Notes: A History of the House of Percy shows another generation, but The Complete Peerage Vol.X,p440, says different. The history of the house of Percy also shows a son Gosfrid. Father: William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De PORT Married: Emma De GANT Children: 1. William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Born: 1112 Died: 1133 Buried: Fountains Abbey Father: Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De GANT Married: Alice De ROS Children: 1. William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) 2. Walter De PERCY de Rugemond 3. Henry De PERCY 4. Geoffrey De PERCY 5. Robert De PERCY 6. Alan De PERCY de Meschines Walter De PERCY de Rugemond Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS Married: Avice MESCHINES Alan De PERCY de Meschines Acceded: 1137, Allerton Notes: Present at the Battle of the Standard with King David of Scotland; "Alanus De Perci magni Alani filius nothus, miles strenuissimus et in militaribus negotiis probatissimus" The Complete Peerage,V.x,p439,note.e. Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Died: 1175 Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS Married 1: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Children: 1. Alan De PERCY (d. AFT 1166) 2. Maud De PERCY 3. Agnes De PERCY Married 2: Sibyl De VALOGNES ABT 1166 Children: 4. Walter De PERCY 5. Alice De PERCY 6. Emma De PERCY 7. William De PERCY Maud De PERCY Born: Catton, Stamford Bridge Died: ABT 1203 Buried: Fountains Abbey Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Married: William De NEWBURGH (3º E. Warwick) BEF 28 Dec 1175 Alice De PERCY Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Sibyl De VALOGNES Associated with: Hugh Du PUISET (Bishop of Durham) Children: 1. Henry Du PUISET Married: Richard De MORVILLE Children: 2. Alan De MORVILLE Emma De PERCY Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Sibyl De VALOGNES Married: William MALEBISE Children: 1. Richard MALEBISE Agnes De PERCY Died: BEF 13 Oct 1204 Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Married: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN AFT 1154 Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) 3. Ralph De PERCY 4. Joscelin De PERCY 5. Eleanor De PERCY 6. Alice De PERCY 7. Maud De PERCY Godfrey "the Bearded" of LOUVAIN (D. Louvaine & Brabant) Acceded: 1106 Died: 25 Jan 1139 Notes: Stammtafeln shows that Ida was Adeliza's mother and other works agree. Brenan in his History of the House of Percy suggests that Clemantine was her mother and Ida was Jocleyn's mother. Stammtafeln does not list Jocelyn at all! The Complete Peerage, V.x,p445,note.l, says that Jocelyn's mother is unproven. Father: Henry II of Brabant Mother: Adela of THURINGA Married 1: Ida of NAMUR Children: 1. Joscelyn De LOUVAIN 2. Adeliza of LOUVAIN (Queen of England) (b. ABT 1105) 3. Godfrey II of Brabant (D. Brabant) 4. Ida of Lower Lorraine Married 2: Clemence of Burgundy AFT 1121 Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Died: 1180 Notes: Not shown in Stammtafeln. See The Complete Peerage Vol.x,p.445. Father: Godfrey "the Bearded" of LOUVAIN (D. Louvaine & Brabant) Mother: Ida of NAMUR Married: Agnes De PERCY AFT 1154 Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) 3. Ralph De PERCY 4. Joscelin De PERCY 5. Eleanor De PERCY 6. Alice De PERCY 7. Maud De PERCY Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) Died: Aug 1244 Buried: Fountains Abbey Notes: One of the 25 Barons to enforce the Magna Carta. Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married 1: Alice ? Married 2: Agnes De NEVILLE Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Alexander De PERCY Ralph De PERCY Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: ¿? Children: 1. Brian De PERCY Brian De PERCY Notes: The Complete Peerage V.x,p.448 note e. Father: Ralph De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Gunnor ? Maud De PERCY Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: John De DAIVILLE Children: 1. Henry De DAIVILLE Henry De PERCY Died: 1198 Buried: St.Lô, Rouen Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: Isabel De BRUS Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. William De PERCY Henry De PERCY Died: BEF 12 Jan 1245 Notes: The Complete Peerage,V.x,p449,note a. Father: Henry De PERCY Mother: Isabel De BRUS William De PERCY Born: AFT 1202 Died: 28 Jul 1245 Buried: Sallay Abbey Father: Henry De PERCY Mother: Isabel De BRUS Married: Joan BRIWERE Children: 1. Joan PERCY de Ferlington 2. Agnes De PERCY 3. Alice De PERCY 4. Anastasia De PERCY 5. Dau. De PERCY Married 2: Ellen De BALLIOL Children: 6. Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) 7. Ingeram De PERCY (d. 24 Oct 1262) 8. William De PERCY (Canon of York) (b. ABT 1236) 9. Walter De PERCY 10. Alan De PERCY 11. Joscelin De PERCY Agnes De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Eustace De BALLIOL Alice De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Ralph BERMINGHAM Anastasia De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Ralph TAILBOYS Children: 1. Mary TAILBOYS Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Born: ABT 1235 Died: 29 Aug 1272 Buried: Sallay Notes: Some say born 1228. The Complete Peerage V.x,p455 says 1235. Father: William De PERCY Mother: Ellen De BALLIOL Married: Eleanor De WARREN 8 Sep 1268 Children: 1. John PERCY (8º B. Percy) 2. Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) John PERCY (8º B. Percy) Born: 1270 Died: BEF 20 Jul 1293 Father: Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Mother: Eleanor De WARREN Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) Born: 25 Mar 1273, Leconfield & Topcliff, York, England Died: 1314 Father: Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Mother: Eleanor De WARREN Married: Eleanor FITZALAN (B. Percy) ABT 1297 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Born: 6 Feb 1301, Alnwick, Northumberland, England/ Leconfield, Yorkshire Acceded: 1314 Died: 27 Feb 1351/2, Warkworth, England Buried: Alnwick, Northumberland, England Notes: Constable of Scarborough Castle, Warden of Marches of Scotland. REF FarisPA. B. of Topcliffe, B. of Alnwick, Eng.REF FarisPA. Descendant of Charlemagne.The Complete Peerage V.x,p459. Father: Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) Mother: Eleanor FITZALAN (B. Percy) Married:Idoine CLIFFORD Children: 1. Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) 2. Maud PERCY (B. Neville of Raby) 3. Isabel PERCY 4. Eleanor PERCY 5. Thomas PERCY (Bishop of Norwich) 6. Roger PERCY 7. Margaret PERCY (B. Ferrers of Groby) 8. Robert PERCY 9. William PERCY Thomas PERCY (Bishop of Norwich) Notes: Bishop of Norwich (1356-1369). Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Maud PERCY (B. Neville of Raby) Born: ABT 1345, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: BEF 18 Feb 1378/9 Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married:John NEVILLE (3º B. Neville of Raby) Jul 1357, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Children: 1. Alice NEVILLE (B. Deincourt) 2. Eleanor NEVILLE (B. Lumley) 3. Thomas NEVILLE (6° B. Furnivall) 4. Idina (Iolande) NEVILLE 5. Ralph De NEVILLE (1° E. Westmoreland) 6. Maud (Matilda) NEVILLE 7. Elizabeth NEVILLE 8. Dau. NEVILLE 9. John NEVILLE (4° B. Neville of Raby) Isabel PERCY Died: 1368 Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married:William De ATON (B. Vesci/2º B. Aton) (b. 1299 - d. 1388) Eleanor PERCY Died: BEF 18 Oct 1361 Buried: Dunmow Priory Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married: John FITZWALTER (2º B. Fitzwalter) Children: 1. Walter FITZWALTER (3º B. Fitzwalter) (b. 31 May 1345) 2. Alice FITZWALTER Margaret PERCY (B. Ferrers of Groby) Died: 2 Sep 1375, Gyng (Buttsbury), Essex, England Buried: Friars Preachers, Chelmsford, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married: 1: Robert De UMFREVILLE (Sir) (son of Geoffrey De Umfreville and Joan Willoughby) 20 Jan 1339 Married: 2: William FERRERS (3º B. Ferrers of Groby) BEF 25 May 1368 Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Born: 1320, Seamer, North Riding, York, England Died: ABT 18 May 1368 Buried: Alnwick, Northumberland, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married 1: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Children: 1. Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (1º E. Worcester) 3. Mary PERCY (B. Ros) Married: 2: Joan ORREBY (d. 1369) Thomas PERCY (1º E. Worcester) Born: ABT 1344 Died: 1403 Notes: Knight of the Garter. Served with Sir John Chandos in France. Joined his nephew Percy (Hotspur) and was taken prisoner at the battle of Shrewsbury and beheaded. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Mary PERCY (B. Ros) Born: 1360 Died: 1395 Notes: Weir indicates that Mary was her mother as does The Complete Peerage. Some sources show Joan Orreby as the mother. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Married: John De ROS (6º B. Ros of Hamlake) BEF Jun 1382 Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Born: 10 Nov 1341/2 Died: 19 Feb /29 Feb 1407/8, Bramham Moor, near Tadcaster, York, England Notes: Knight of the Garter. Killed in battle. 4º B. of Percy, Lord Marshall of England. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Married 1: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) 12 Jul 1358, Brancepeth, Durham, England Children: 1. Ralph PERCY (Sir) 2. Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) 3. Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Married 2: Maud LUCY (B. Lucy) (d. 1398) Ralph PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1359, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 15 Sep 1397, Battle In Holy Land Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married:Phillippa STRATHBOGIE (b. 1361 - d. 2 Nov 1395) (dau. of David De Strathbogie, E. Atholl, and Elizabeth Ferrers) 20 Mar 1376/1377, Strathbogie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: ABT 1366, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 1388 Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married: Elizabeth STRATHBOGIE (b. ABT 1370, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - d. AFT 1416) (dau. of David Strathbogie, E. Atholl, and Elizabeth Ferrers) (w. of John Scrope) ABT 1386, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: ABT 1387, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: 25 Oct 1433 Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth STRATHBOGIE Married 1: Elizabeth De BURGH (b. 1363, Burgh, Cambridgeshire, England - d. BEF 12 Feb 1451??) ABT 1407, Burgh, Cambridgeshire, England Married 2: Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) (b. ABT 1385, Grower, Kent, England - d. 1440) ABT 1411, Grower, Kent, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY 2. Margery PERCY (B. Grey of Codnor) 3. Margaret PERCY (b. ABT 1414, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland) Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1408, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: AFT 28 Sep 1455, Northumberland, England Notes: There were other parents. Her second husband was a member of a junior branch of the Warwickshire Lucy’s of Charlecote Park near Stratford-upon-Avon. Father: Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth De BURGH / Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) Married 1: Thomas BOROUGH of Gainsborough (Sir) ABT 1429, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Thomas BOROUGH (1° B. Borough of Gainsborough) Married 2: William LUCY (Sir Knight) BEF 1434 (b. 1404, Wapenham, Northampton, England - d. 10 Jul 1460, Northamptonshire, England) Margery PERCY (B. Grey of Codnor) Born: ABT 1409, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: 28 Sep 1464 Father: Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) Married 1: Henry GREY (6° B. Grey of Codnor) BEF 5 May 1434, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Henry GREY (7° B. Grey of Codnor) 2. Elizabeth GREY Married 2: Richard De VERE (Sir Knight) ABT 1463, Northumberland, England Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Born: 20 May 1364 Died: 21 Jul 1403, Shrewsbury Notes: Knight of the Garter. Called Hotspur. Present at the capture of Berwick-on-Tweed in 1378. Served later in further wars against the Scots and taken prisoner at the battle of Otterburn. Employed for a time in the war in France. Engaged in the suppression of the Welsh under Owen Glendower. Killed at the battle of Shrewsbury. Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married:Elizabeth MORTIMER (b. 1370) (dau. of Edmund Mortimer, 3º E. March, and Phillippa Plantagenet) Children: 1. Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) 2. Elizabeth PERCY (B. Clifford/C. Westmoreland) 3. Matilda PERCY Matilda PERCY Notes: Not Shown in the Complete Peereage. Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married: John De SOUTHERAY (Sir) Elizabeth PERCY (B. Clifford/C. Westmoreland) Born: ABT 1390, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 26 Oct 1437 Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married 1: John CLIFFORD (7º B. Clifford) ABT 1412 Children: 1. Thomas CLIFFORD (8º B. Clifford) 2. Mary CLIFFORD 3. Henry CLIFFORD Married 2: Ralph NEVILLE (2° E. Westmoreland) 1426 Children: 3. John NEVILLE (B. Neville) Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Born: 3 Feb 1393, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 22 May 1455, St. Albans, Kent, England Buried: Abbey Church, St. Albans Notes: Killed in battle. Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) AFT Oct 1414, Berwick, Wiltshire, England Children: 1. Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (1º B. Egremont) 3. Catherine PERCY (C. Kent) 4. Richard PERCY 5. Anne PERCY 6. Joan PERCY 7. Ralph PERCY (Sir) 8. William PERCY (Bishop of Carlisle) 9. John PERCY (b. 8 Jul 1418) 10. George PERCY Thomas PERCY (1º B. Egremont) Born: 29 Nov 1422, Leconfield, Yorkshire Acceded: 20 Nov 1449 Died: 10 Jul 1460, Battle of Northampton Notes: The Complete Peerage vol.V,pp33-34. Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:¿? ABT 1457 , Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY (2º B. Egremont) John PERCY (2º B. Egremont) Born: ABT 1459 Acceded: 1460 Died: BEF 21 Mar 1495/6 Notes: The Complete Peerage vol.V,p.35 Father: Thomas PERCY (1° B. Egremont) Mother: ¿? Catherine PERCY (C. Kent) Born: 18/28 May 1423, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1475 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:Edmund GREY (1° E. Kent) BEF Jan 1458/9 Children: 1. Anthony GREY (4° B. Grey of Ruthin) 2. Elizabeth GREY 3. Anne GREY 4. George GREY (2° E. Kent) 5. John GREY 6. Edmund GREY (b. ABT 1457, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales) Richard PERCY Born: ABT 1426/27, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 29 Mar 1461, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Catherine NEVILLE ABT 1453 , Towton, Yorkshire, England Anne PERCY Born: 1436 Died: 1522 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Ralph PERCY (Sir) Born: AFT 1424/11 Aug 1425, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 25 Apr 1464, Hedgeley Moor, Northumberland, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Eleanor ACTON ABT 1455, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Henry PERCY (Sir) 2. Margaret PERCY 3. Ralph PERCY 4. George PERCY (b. ABT 1460 - d. ABT 1500) 5. John PERCY Married 2: Jane TEYE Margaret PERCY Born: ABT 1462, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Father: Ralph PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor ACTON Married: Ralph HARBOTTLE (son of Bertram Harbottle and Joan Lumley) Children: 1. Guiscard HARBOTTLE (b. 6 Jan 1485 - d. 9 Sep 1513, Battle of Flodden, Branxton, Northumberland, England) (m. Jane Willoughby) 2. Alison HARBOTTLE 3. Eleanor HARBOTTLE 4. Isabel HARBOTTLE 5. Anne HARBOTTLE Henry PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1456, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 1486 Father: Ralph PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor ACTON Married:¿? Children: 1. Marjory PERCY Marjory PERCY Born: ABT 1482 Father: Henry PERCY (Sir) Mother: ¿? Married:Henry WIDDRINGTON (Sir) Children: 1. John WIDDRINGTON (b. 1507 - d. 1568) (m. Agnes Metcalffe 1522, Nappa, Yorkshire, England ) 2. Dorothy WIDDRINGTON (b. 1510 - d. AFT 1 Mar 1527) (m. Robert Ogle) William PERCY (Bishop of Carlisle) Born: 7 Apr 1428, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 1462 Notes: inducted Bishop of Carlisle in 1452. It would appear that nolo episcopari was not acted up to about this period, for we find it enacted, "that if any shall go or send out of the realm, to provide for himself a benefice, he shall be out of the king's protection, and the benefice shall be void; and if any shall accept such benefice, he shall be banished for ever, and his lands and goods forfeited to the king". Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) George PERCY Born: 24 Jul 1424, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 14 Nov 1474 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Born: 25 Jul 1421, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Acceded: 1455 Died: 29 Mar 1461, battle of Towton Buried: St. Denis, Yorkshire, England Notes: The Complete Peerage,V.ix,p716. Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) 25 Jun 1435 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) 2. Anne PERCY 3. Margaret PERCY 4. Ralph PERCY (b. ABT 1440) 5. Elizabeth PERCY (B. Scrope of Bolton) 6. Mary PERCY 7. Eleanor PERCY Eleanor PERCY Born: ABT 1455, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married: Thomas WEST (3º B. De La Warr) Margaret PERCY Born: ABT 1447, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:William GASCOIGNE (Sir Knight) Gawthorpe, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. William GASCOIGNE 2. John GASCOIGNE 3. Thomas GASCOIGNE 4. Elizabeth GASCOIGNE 5. Margaret GASCOIGNE (B. Ogle) 6. Agnes GASCOIGNE 7. Dorothy GASCOIGNE 8. Eleanor GASCOIGNE 9. Anne GASCOIGNE 10. Joan GASCOIGNE 11. Maud GASCOIGNE Elizabeth PERCY (B. Scrope of Bolton) Born: ABT 1460, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 20 May 1512 Buried: Wensley, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:Henry SCROPE (6º B. Scrope of Bolton) Children: 1. Henry SCROPE (7° B. Scrope of Bolton) 2. John SCROPE (Sir) 3. Agnes SCROPE 4. John SCROPE 5. Elizabeth SCROPE (b. ABT 1500) 6. Joan SCROPE (B. Lumley) 7. Eleanor SCROPE (b. ABT 1504) 8. Catherine SCROPE (b. ABT 1506) 9. Anne SCROPE Anne PERCY Born: 3 Feb 1444, Dunganess Died: 5 Jul 1522, London, England Buried: 9 Jul 1522, S t. Margaret, Westminster, Middlesex, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married 1: Thomas HUNGERFORD (Sir) BEF 16 Oct 1460 / 1465, Warkworth, Northumberland, England Children: 1. Mary HUNGERFORD (B. Hungerford and Moleyns) Married: 2: Laurence RAINSFORD (Sir) ABT 1473 Married: 3: Thomas VAUGHN (Sir) ABT 1483 Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1449, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 28 Apr 1489, Cock Lodge, near Topcliffe, England Buried: Beverley Minster, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) ABT 1473/1476 Children: 1. Eleanor PERCY (D. Buckingham) 2. Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) 3. William PERCY (Sir Knight) 4. Allan PERCY (b. 1479) 5. Josceline PERCY 6. Arundel PERCY (b. 1483 - d. 1544) 7. Anne PERCY (C. Arundel) 8. Elizabeth PERCY Eleanor PERCY (D. Buckingham) Born: 1470, Leaconsfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 13 Feb 1530 Notes: See her Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Edward STAFFORD (3º D. Buckingham) 14 Dec 1490 Children: 1. Elizabeth STAFFORD (D. Norfolk) 2. Henry STAFFORD (1° B. Stafford) 3. Mary STAFFORD (B. Abergavenny) 4. Catherine STAFFORD (C. Westmoreland) Married: 2: John AUDLEY of Hodnill William PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: BEF 1478 Died: 15 Sep 1540 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married: 1: Agnes CONSTABLE BEF 1516 Married: 2: Margaret PERCY Anne PERCY (C. Arundel) Born: 27 Jul 1485 Died: 1552 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:William FITZALAN (17º E. Arundel) 15 Feb 1510/11//28 Dec 1510 Children: 1. Catherine FITZALAN 2. Henry FITZALAN (18° E. Arundel) 3. Margaret FITZALAN 4. Elizabeth FITZALAN Josceline PERCY Born: 1480 Died: 1532 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:Margaret FROST Children: 1. Edward PERCY of Beverley Edward PERCY of Beverley Father: Josceline PERCY Mother: Margaret FROST Married:Elizabeth WATERTON Children: 1. Thomas PERCY Thomas PERCY Born: 1560, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Died: 9 Nov 1605, Holbeach House, Staffordshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Edward PERCY of Beverley Mother: Elizabeth WATERTON Married:Martha WRIGHT ABT 1594 Children: 1. Robert PERCY 2. Dau. PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1595, Taunton, Yorkshire, England Married: Emma MEAD 1615 Children: 1. Francis PERCY Dau. PERCY Born: ABT 1599, Ashby St. Legers, Northamptonshire, England Father: Thomas PERCY Mother: Martha WRIGHT Married:Robert CATESBY Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Born: 14 Jan 1478, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 19 May 1527 Buried: Beverley Minster, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) BEF 1502 Children: 1. Henry Algernon PERCY (6º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (Sir) 3. Margaret PERCY (C. Cumberland) 4. Maud PERCY 5. Ingelram PERCY (Sir) 6. William PERCY Margaret PERCY (C. Cumberland) Buried: 25 Nov 1540, Skipton, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:Henry CLIFFORD (1º E. Cumberland) ABT 1516, Skipton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Henry CLIFFORD (2º E. Cumberland) 2. Catherine CLIFFORD (B. Scrope of Bolton) 3. Elizabeth CLIFFORD 4. Ingeram CLIFFORD (Sir Knight) 5. Maud CLIFFORD (B. Conyers of Hornby) 6. Jane CLIFFORD 7. Thomas CLIFFORD (b. ABT 1526) Ingelram PERCY (Sir) Born: AFT 1505 Died: 1538 Notes: A leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace. He was imprisoned in the Beauchamp Tower of the Tower of London. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:¿? Children: 1. Isabel PERCY Isabel PERCY Father: Ingelram PERCY (Sir) Mother: ¿? Married:Henry TEMPEST 7 Jul 1543 Henry Algernon PERCY (6º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1502 Died: 30 Jun 1537, Hackney, Middlesex, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:Mary TALBOT (C. Northumberland) Jan 1524 Thomas PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1504, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 2 Jun 1537, Tyburn Buried: Crutched Friars' Church, London Notes: married Eleanor Harbottle, widow of Sir Richard Holland. Between 15 Sep 1562 and 27 Jan 1563 Percy's step-daughter Mary Holland (d. BEF 16 Nov 1570), married Arthur Pole, without issue. Executed at Tyburn on 2nd Jun 1537 for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace - a traditionalist uprising in yorkshire against enclosures of common land, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Thomas Cromwell and the role of Parliament in passing his legislation. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married: Eleanor HARBOTTLE (b. 1504, Beamish, England - d. 18 May 1566) (dau. of Guiscard Harbottle and Jane Willoughby) (w. of Sir Richard Holland of Denton) Children: 1. Joan PERCY 2. Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) 3. Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) 4. Guiscard PERCY 5. Richard PERCY 6. Mary PERCY 7. Catherine PERCY Joan PERCY Born: ABT 1521, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 22 Aug 1572, Southminster, Essex, England Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married: Arthur HARRIS of Pritwell (Sir) ABT 1549, Petworth, Sussex, England Children: 1. William HARRIS 2. Alice HARRIS Mary PERCY Born: 1532, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 1598 Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married:Francis SLINGSBY (Sir) (son of Thomas Slingsby and Joan Mallory) (w. of Elizabeth Ingleby) Children: 1. Henry SLINGSBY (Sir) (m. Frances Vavasour) 2. Thomas SLINGSBY 3. Francis SLINGSBY 4. Henry SLINGSBY Catherine PERCY Born: ABT 1534, Petworth, Sussex, England Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married 1: Ralph RYTHER Married 2: Henry BROWNE Children: 1. Margaret BROWNE Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Born: 1528/34, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 22 Aug 1572, York, Yorkshire Notes: See his Biography. Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) 12 Jun 1558, Raglan, Monmouthshire, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY 2. Thomas PERCY (b. 1560 - d. 1560) 3. Lucy PERCY 4. Joan PERCY 5. Mary PERCY Mary PERCY Born: 1563 / 11 Jun 1570, Old Aberdeen, Scotland Died: 1643 Notes: both parents were involved in the Northern Rebellion of 1569 and when it failed, six-year old Mary was left behind in England with her three sisters. They were taken in by Henry Percy, their father’s brother, who was granted the Northumberland title after Thomas Percy’s execution for treason. The girls were raised at Petworth with their cousins and apparently given an excellent education as Mary later assisted in translations from the French and received at least one dedication. Some sources have Mary wed to Sir Thomas Grey of Wark. Whether or not she was married earlier in life, Mary, according to Sir Cuthbert Sharp after the death of her mother, came into the low countries, to take possession of what was left her by the countess, but more by her desire to dedicate herself to the service of God, in holy religion. She became the founder of the Benedictine Dames, at Bruxelles, along with fellow English exiles Dorothy and Gertrude Arundell, which was dedicated on 21 Nov 1599 with Joan Berkeley as abbess. (Sharpe, 'The Rising in the North; The 1569 Rebellion' 1840; pp 349-350). In 1600, Mary took her vows and became a nun in that convent. In 1616 she was elected abbess. If this is true - Mary, being born on 11 Jun 1570 and coming to Flanders after the death of her mother in 1596 - it means that her mother must have left her newborn child behind in Scotland when she departed for Flanders in Aug 1570. However, all sources indicate that she took her child along with her. According to her epitaph, Mary “suffered imprisonment in England for a long time” for her faith before she was able to leave. Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Elizabeth PERCY Born: 1559 Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Richard WOODROFFE of Wolley Joan PERCY Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Henry SEYMOUR Lucy PERCY Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Edward STANLEY (Sir) Children: 1. Venetia Anastasia STANLEY 2. Frances STANLEY 3. Petronella STANLEY Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1532, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 21 Jun 1585, Tower of London Notes: See his Biography. Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married:Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) 28 Jan 1562 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY 3. William PERCY 4. Charles PERCY (Sir) 5. Lucy PERCY 6. Richard PERCY 7. Joscelyne PERCY (Sir) 8. Anne PERCY 9. Alan PERCY (Sir) 10. Eleanor PERCY 11. George PERCY Thomas PERCY Born: ABT 1566, Petworth House, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: Apr 1587 / 1648 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Charles PERCY (Sir) Died: 1628 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Lucy PERCY Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married 1: John WOTTON (Sir) Married 2: Hugh OWEN (Sir) Joscelyne PERCY (Sir) Died: 1631 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Alan PERCY (Sir) Died: 1613 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:Mary FITZ (chr. 1 Aug 1596 - d. 1671) (dau. of Sir John Fitzford and Bridget Courtenay) (m.2 Sir Charles Howard - m.3 Thomas Darcy - m.4 Richard Grenville) Eleanor PERCY Children: 1. Lucy HERBERT 2. Catherine HERBERT 3. Percy HERBERT (2° B. Powis) 4. Son HERBERT 5. Dau. HERBERT 6. Dau. HERBERT George PERCY Born: 4 Sep 1580, England Died: Mar 1632, England Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Anne FLOYD 1607, Virginia Children: 1. Anne PERCY Anne PERCY Born: 1608, Jamestown, Virginia Father: George PERCY Mother: Anne FLOYD Married: John WEST (Gov. of Virginia) 1613, Virginia Children: 1. John WEST Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Born: 27 Apr 1564, Tynemouth Castle Died: 5 Nov 1632 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) 1594 Children: 1. Dorothy PERCY (C. Leicester) 2. Lucy PERCY 3. Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) 4. Henry PERCY (B. Alnwick) Dorothy PERCY (C. Leicester) 1. Dorothy "Sacharissa" SIDNEY (b. 1617) (mar. 1639 to Henry Spencer, 1° E. Sunderland) 2. Phillip SIDNEY (3° E. Leicester) (b. 1619) 3. Algernon SIDNEY (Republican martyr, b. Penshurst 1621- executed 1683 along with William Russell) 4. Henry SIDNEY (1° E. Romney) 5. Lucy SIDNEY (mar. Sir John Pelham) 6. Robert SIDNEY Lucy PERCY Born: ABT 1600 Died: 5 Nov 1660, Little Cashiobury House Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Married:James HAY (E. Carlisle) 6 Nov 1617 Henry PERCY (B. Alnwick) Born: 1604 Died: 11 Mar 1705, Paris, France Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Born: 29 Sep 1602, Essex House, London, England Died: 13 Oct 1668 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Notes: Knight of the Garter. Third but first-surviving son of the Earl of Northumberland. Took his seat in the House of Lords as Lord Percy in 1626 and succeeded his father as Earl of Northumberland in 1632. Lord High Admiral. Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) BEF 1630 Children: 1. Anne PERCY 2. Elizabeth PERCY Married 2: Elizabeth HOWARD (C. Northumberland) 1 Oct 1642 Children: 3. Josceline PERCY (11º E. Northumberland) 4. Mary PERCY Anne PERCY Born: 19 Dec 1633 Died: 29 Nov 1654 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) Married:Phillip STANHOPE 21 Jun 1652 Elizabeth PERCY Born: 1 Dec 1636 Died: 5 Feb 1717 Buried: Watford, Hertfordshire, England Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) Married:Arthur CAPELL 19 May 1653, Petworth, Sussex, England Josceline PERCY (11º E. Northumberland) Born: 4 Jul 1644 Died: 21 May 1670, Torino, Italy Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Elizabeth HOWARD (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Audrey WRIOTHESLEY Married 2:Elizabeth WRIOTHESLEY 23 Dec 1662 Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY (b. 26 Jan 1667 - d. 23 Nov 1722) (m.1 Henry Cavendish Percy - m.2 Thomas Thynne - m.3 Charles Seymour) John De PERCY Born: 1290, Kildale, Yorkshire, England Father: Alexander De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Elizabeth De COLVILLE Children: 1. Julianna De PERCY Julianna De PERCY Born: 1316, Ormesby, Lincolnshire, England Father: John De PERCY Mother: Elizabeth De COLVILLE Married: Robert CONYERS of Ormesby (Sir) Children: 1. Robert CONYERS Constance PERCY Born: ABT 1447 Married: William EURE (Sir) AFT 1476 John PERCY Born: ABT 1331, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Married: Dau. BYRNAND ABT 1350, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1351, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1433 Father: John PERCY Mother: Dau. BYRNAND Married: Agnes NORMANVILLE ABT 1369, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. William PERCY 2. Richard PERCY 3. Robert PERCY 4. Thomas PERCY 5. Agnes PERCY 6. Joan PERCY William PERCY Born: ABT 1370, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Elizabeth De UMFREVILLE ABT 1400, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY (b. ABT 1401) Joan PERCY Born: ABT 1378, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Ralph PULLEYN Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1373, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1459 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Cecily METCALFFE ABT 1397, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY 2. William PERCY (b. ABT 1400) 3. Richard PERCY (b. ABT 1402) 4. Thomas PERCY (b. ABT 1404) Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1398, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1475 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Cecily METCALFFE Married: ¿? ABT 1428, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1429, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: 1485, Bosworth, Leicestershire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: ¿? Married1: Eleanor BEWLEY ABT 1459, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Married 2: Jocosa ? ABT 1462, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1460, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1495 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Eleanor BEWLEY Married: Elizabeth NORTON ABT 1490, Norton Conyers, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1491, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Elizabeth NORTON Married: Margaret SWALE ABT 1521, Staveley, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Francis PERCY 2. John PERCY 3. Elizabeth PERCY 4. Barbara PERCY Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1526, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married 1: Christopher REDSHAW Married 2: Christopher BLAND Barbara PERCY Born: ABT 1528, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: Robert SEDGWICKE John PERCY Born: ABT 1524, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Buried: BEF 18 Oct 1610 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: ¿? ABT 1554, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Francis PERCY Born: ABT 1522, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: Anne DRANSFIELD ABT 1552 Children: 1. Francis PERCY Francis PERCY Born: ABT 1554, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: 1634 Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Anne DRANSFIELD Married: Frances VAVASOUR ABT 1583, Hazelwood, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY 2. Bartholomew PERCY 3. Thomas PERCY 4. Robert PERCY 5. Josceline PERCY 6. Eleanor PERCY 7. Jane PERCY 8. Mary PERCY 9. Theodosia PERCY 10. Elizabeth PERCY 11. Lucy PERCY (b. ABT 1606 - bur. BEF 8 Apr 1669 - Unmd.) Eleanor PERCY Born: ABT 1596, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Henry OGLETHORPE Theodosia PERCY Born: ABT 1602, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Richard SHIERCLIFFE 2 Feb 1618/9 Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1604, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Rowland REVELL John PERCY Born: 1584, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 7 Aug 1665 Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Frances YOUNG ABT 1626, Burne, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY (b. ABT 1629 - d. 1648) 2. Dorothy PERCY (b. ABT 1631) 3. Frances PERCY (b. ABT 1633) 4. Ursula PERCY (b. ABT 1635 - bur. 29 Nov 1675) 5. Elizabeth PERCY (b. ABT 1637) 6. Thomas PERCY of Womersley (b. 1627 - d. Aug 1666) Hawise (Avice) De PERCY Born: ABT 1114 Married: Ralph De NEVILLE ABT 1132, Scotton, Lincolnshire, England Children: 1. Geoffrey De NEVILLE 2. Ralph De NEVILLE (b. 1143 - d. AFT 1201) Return to Peerage Page
21752	yago	3	8	https://www.litcharts.com/lit/henry-iv-part-2/characters/lady-percy	en	Lady Percy Character Analysis	https://cdn.litcharts.co…and-wordmark.png	https://cdn.litcharts.co…and-wordmark.png	[ "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-a5f71ddf742efc8224556c5af660e50a78055adc5f4beaf27d9b589498298326.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-d71cd5872ace5b08338457c0c8121a6dff2dc6c96c8d6b1e872cffb38a9a4c84.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/pdf-downloads-75c06148cea63e2260e73ef26ed7f5a40621da89b65622ab42e07ba5441e8eeb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/mobile-menu/pdf-fan-dfd1c1a7ddc45b11f06d3dcff0a4d52c148abd2b517bf3a410f632ecb66bd51d.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-lies-honesty-morality.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-disease.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-the-right-to-the-throne.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-time.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-warfare.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-sickness.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-omens.small.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-a-plus-37bfb0802e3dfe7640fafd64d530b9295aaf4204e588d9c9f626a3e14f7225f6.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-a-plus-37bfb0802e3dfe7640fafd64d530b9295aaf4204e588d9c9f626a3e14f7225f6.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/pdf-fans/henry-iv-part-2.pdf.medium.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-lies-honesty-morality.medium.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/icons/henry-iv-part-2-warfare.medium.white.desktop.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/a-plus-8dfd80899e453315bef9d3521818ba9e7c9bd9dd522b5ebf2e8b1f988e9a2572.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/pdf-fans/3-page/henry-iv-part-2.pdf.large.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/teacher-edition-promos/henry-iv-part-2-teacher-edition-promo.large.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/shakespeare-translations/pdf-fan-images/henry-iv-part-2.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-a-plus-83548be00983d87610186203b69ca75b45d421f8322f657c1cbfcae18e35bbe3.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/quotes-explanations-44fb789b981be803714e6e9c1a98411f774f30586347143f6fc0c5fe87b38617.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/pdf-downloads-75c06148cea63e2260e73ef26ed7f5a40621da89b65622ab42e07ba5441e8eeb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/line-by-line-6a2a3ae26dfab475d7b0c25e33dbf8c102c79e4494eff5ae5336b3d7cf844abb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/advanced-search-60c2e7906be7bed2dd17e4392b29f9bc052e09ca97a1bca8862b7b89fbb913d8.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/line-by-line-6a2a3ae26dfab475d7b0c25e33dbf8c102c79e4494eff5ae5336b3d7cf844abb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/advanced-search-60c2e7906be7bed2dd17e4392b29f9bc052e09ca97a1bca8862b7b89fbb913d8.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-1eee5b45c729cbf6745e513c5a79ad5a2d79965f39b17bb3bcaf50e4018af6a1.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-1eee5b45c729cbf6745e513c5a79ad5a2d79965f39b17bb3bcaf50e4018af6a1.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-1eee5b45c729cbf6745e513c5a79ad5a2d79965f39b17bb3bcaf50e4018af6a1.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "LitCharts" ]	null	Get everything you need to know about Lady Percy in Henry IV Part 2. Analysis, related quotes, timeline.	en	https://cdn.litcharts.com/favicon.ico	LitCharts	https://www.litcharts.com/lit/henry-iv-part-2/characters/lady-percy
21752	yago	0	28	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	en	1437) » Family tree Cromer/Russell/Buck/Pratt » Genealogy Online	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	[ "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/waarschuwing2.png", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-pp.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-p.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-c.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "pedigree research", "genealogy", "pedigree", "ancestors", "ancesteral tree making", "prayer cards", "gedcom" ]	null	[ "Elizabeth Cromer" ]	null	Lady Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Westmoreland was born in the year 1390 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England, daughter of Knight Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elisabeth Mortimer. She was married May 1404 in Appleby, Westmorland, England to John Clifford 7th Baron De Clifford She was married on July 20, 1426 in Roche Abbey, Yorkshire, England to John Clifford 7th Baron De Clifford, they had 7 children., they had 2 children. She died on October 26, 1437 in Staindrop, Durham, England. This information is part of Family tree Cromer/Russell/Buck/Pratt by Elizabeth Cromer on Genealogy Online.	en	https://www.genealogieon…e-touch-icon.png	Genealogy Online	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	Daughter of Henry 'Hotspur', descendant of King Henry III and Elizabeth de Mortimer de Clifford de Camoys. Granddaughter of Sir Henry Percy and Margaret de Neville, Sir Edmund de Mortimer and Philippe of Clarence. Wife of Sir John Clifford, Lord Clifford, son of Sir Thomas de Clifford, 6th Lord Clifford and Elizabeth de Roos. They were married between 1403 and 1412, probably in 1404 and had two sons and two daughters: * Sir Thomas, 8th Lord Clifford, married Joan Dacre * Henry Clifford * Mary, wife of Sir Philip Wentworth, the great grandparents of Jane Seymour * Blanche, wife of Sir Robert Waterton Sir John was slain at the Battle of Meaux in France, 13 March 1422. Elizabeth married again, by contract dated 07 May 1426 and licence dated 20 July 1426 as they were related in the 4rd and 4th degrees, to Sir Ralph de Neville, son of Sir John de Neville and Elizabeth de Holand. They married in 1426 and had one son, Sir John Neville who married Anne Holland, daughter of Sir John de Holland. After Sir John de Neville died in 1450, Anne de Holland married another Sir John de Neville, the brother of Elizabeth's second husband, Sir Ralph de Neville. After Elizabeth's death in 1436, Ralph would remarry to Margaret de Cobham.
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family crest", "Percy family history", "Percy genealogy", "Percy surname", "Percy last name", "Percy surname meaning", "Percy surname origin" ]	null	[]	2017-02-06T19:14:42+00:00	Percy Coat of Arms and Percy Family Crest. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library.	en		COADB / Eledge Family Genealogy	https://coadb.com/surnames/percy-arms.html	Surname Name Meaning, Origin, and Etymology This Anglo-Norman is a local name meaning “of Perci”, a parish and canton near St. Lo, Normandy. This is one of the earliest examples of a local surname becoming a first name. One author claims the renowned family of Percy from Northumberland, England derived its name from Percy Forest, in Maen, Normandy France whence they came. This author claims it meant either 1) meant a “stony place” and derives from the French word pierre, 2) or that it may come from the Teutonic word pirsen, meaning a hunting place, and 3) or it may come from the French word percer, meaning to penetrate or force. The last theory could mean the surname derived from an epic battle where a fortification was breached, or it may to a poacher who made a habit of breaking on to private lands. Another, more colorful origin story exists, as documented in Mark Antony Lower’s Patronymica Britannicca: “A popular tradition accounts otherwise for the origin of this illustrious historical surname. It asserts that Malcolm, King of Scotland, having besieged the castle of Alnwick, demanded seizing of that fortress by the surrender of the keys. The governor of the castle so managed matters, that, in delivering the keys at the end of a lance, he pierced the monarch’s eye and caused his death. Hence he acquired the surname of “Pierce-Eye,” which, by the omission of several useless vowels, ultimately became Percy”. Another source means the surname derives from Persius’ Estates, with the word Persius, a Gallo-Roman personal name, derived from the famous classical Greek hero Perseus, translated as destroyer of cities. This same book notes: “A de Perci occurs in the mural list of ‘Compagnons de Guillaum la Conquete de I’Angleterre en MLXVI in Dives Church; Percy is mentioned in conjunction with Pygot in Leland’s supposed copy of the Roll of Battle Abbey; and de Percy is given in the Abbe de la Rue’s supplementary list in his ‘Recherches sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux”. Spelling Variations The name was anglicized as Pearcy, Piercey, Pearcey, Piercy, in addition to Percy. A family who spelled the name as Piercy became established in Malton, England in the sixteenth century. Parsey is a corruption of Percy. Early Bearers of the Surname A one William de Perci was documented in the Domesday Book of 1086 AD, a survey of England and Wales ordered by William The Conqueror, as being a tenant in several English counties, mainly Lincoln and York. Sir Henry Percy (1364), also called Harry Hotspur, descended from him. A one Ralph Percehai was also recorded in the Domesday Book. The Hundred Rolls of 1273 AD, a census of Wales and England, known in Latin as Rotuli Hundredorum, documents three people bearing this surname: William de Percy in York, Peter de Percy in York, and John de Percy. A one Robert Percy was recorded in the Writs of Parliament in 1277 AD. A one Edmund Percehay was recorded in the Visitation of Yorkshire in 1563 AD. William Percy was recorded in Somerset during the reign of Edward III in Kirby’s Quest. A one William Percehay was recorded in Close Rolls during the reign of King Richard II of England. History, Genealogy, and Ancestry The famous genealogist Bernard Burke’s book “Peerage and Knights” discusses the Duke of Northumberland, Sir Hugh Algernon Percy, born in 1914, who was Earl Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Baron of Alnwick. He succeeded his brother as the tenth Duke in 1940. In 1846, he married Lady Elizabeth Diana Montagu-Douglas-Scott, the daughter of the Duke of Buccleuch, and had a child with her her: Caroline Mary (born 1947). The house of Percy was established in England by William de Percy, a Norman chieftain who came into England with William the Conqueror. He became a feudal Lord when he received his Baronica Anglica, a barony of thirty knight’s fees from William. He refounded the abbey at St. Hilda in county York, and his brother, Serlo de Percy, became the first Prior thereof. He died in 1096 AD when he accompanied Duke Robert in the Crusades near Jerusalem. He left two daughters and four sons, with his wife named Emma (daughter of Hugh de Port). He was succeeded by his son Alan De Percy, known as The Great Alan, who married Emma, daughter of Gilbert de Gaunt (who was son of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders and nephew of Queen Maud). He in turn was succeeded by his oldest son: William de Percy. William married Adelaide, daughter of Gilbert Fitz Richard, Lord of Clare, and had two daughters with her: Maude and Agnes. The elder daughter was Maude, who married William de Newburgh, the Earl of Warwick, and she died in 1204 AD. She was succeeded by her sister Agnes, who married Josecline de Louvian (brother of Queen Adela, the second wife of King Henry I of England) and has two sons with her: Henry (who married Isabel de Brus) and Richard de Percy. Richard obtained ownership of the property of his aunt and part of the property of his mother. King Henry III, in 1234 AD, ordered the patrimony of the Percy family would devolve upon William’s nephew, with a small amount reserved for Richard’s heir and son, Henry de Percy. He served as a powerful lord who rebelled against King John of England in 1215 AD, having been involved with the Magna Carta. He died in 1240 AD and the possession went to the grandson of Agnes de Percy, named William. William died in 1245 AD and was succeeded by his son, Henry de Percy. Henry married Alianore, the daughter of John de Warenne, Earl of Warren and Surrey. He died in 1272 AD and was succeeded by his only son: Henry de Percy, who was the 1st Lord Percy, of Alnwick, and the 9th feudal lord. In 1309, he purchased a grant of the Barony of Alnwick in county Northumberland from the Bishop of Durham. He died in 1315 and was succeeded by his son, Henry de Percy. He in turn, was succeeded by his son, also named Henry, the 3rd Lord. This Henry married Lady Mary Plantagenet in 1334 AD and had two issue with her: Henry (his successor) and Thomas (who was created Earl of Worcester in 1397 AD). He later married Joan de Oreby, and left one daughter with her named Mary. He was succeeded by the eldest son Henry, who was Early of Northumberland and the 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. This henry was born in 1342 and became a prominent military commander during the reign of King Edward III of England. He married Margaret, the daughter of Ralph, Lord Nevill of Raby, and had a daughter and son with her. The son’s name was Sir Henry, born 1364, known as Hotspur, who fought in well-known battles at Otterburn. This Henry married Elizabeth Mortimer, the daughter of the Earl of March, and dided in 1403 leaving a son named Henry, the 2nd Earl. One historian traces the ancestry of William de Percy to Northman Mainfred, who settled in Neustria (Normandie) before that land was owned by Rollo (846-930 AD), a Viking who was the first ruler of Normandy. Another source states they derive from the Tesson Family. Ralph Tesson lived in Anjou, France in the 900s AD. He acquired a barony in Normandie and he also started the abbey of Fontenay. The Marimons descended from him, and the Percys likely derive from Ernegis. One branch of this family was located in Thirsk in North Riding of Yorkshire county. The book “A Topographical Dictionary of England, states “In the reign of Henry VIII, during a popular commotion, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and lieutenant of the county, is said to have been put to death here, beneath a very ancient elm tree, which formerly grew on Elm Green”. Other branches were fund in the parish of Lofthouse and also in Wressel in East Riding. Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, built Wressel Castle. Early American and New World Settlers The book “Genealogical Guide to the Early American Settlers” mentions three people bearing this last name: 1) John Percy (or Peerce, Piercy, Percie) of Gloucester who married Jane, widow of Philip Stanwood in 1673, 2) Marmaduke Percy, of Salem, who came in 1637 from Sandwich, in Kent England, who was a tailor and was married to a woman named Mary, and 3) Robert Percy, of New London, who purchased a house in 1678. A one Robert Percy left the port of London bound for Virginia aboard the Bonaventure in 1634, at age 40. Annis Percy went to the Barbados aboard the Peter Bonaventure in 1635. Other early settlers include Abraham Percy (Virginia 1616) and Francis Percy (Georgia 1735). Mottoes Family motto for Percy is Esperance en Dieu, meaning “Hope in God”. Elvin’s mottoes states: “This motto, although borne by other families beside that of Percy, was first adopted by them from their family having experienced such vicissitudes of fortune that at last they learned to trust to no human strength, but to hope in God alone”. Grantees Later people bearing this surname that bore the arms: 1) Percy, late Smithson [12 April 1750], Earl of Northumberland [1749], Arms and Supporters, [1750], 2) Percy [Hugh], Earl of Northumberland [K.G., 1756-7]. Arms and Supporters, [1757?], 3) [?Duke of Northumberland, 1766]. Supporters, [1766], 4) Algernon, Baron Prudhoe [27 Nov. 1816]. Supporters, [1816], 5) Percy (Greatheed-Bertie), Lord Charles, of co. Warw. [s. of the 5th Duke of Northumberland]. [Surname and Arms of Greatheed-Bertie, 1 April 1826.] [1826], and 6) Percy to Heber-Percy, of Shropsh., [1847].
21752	yago	1	25	https://gw.geneanet.org/lard%3Flang%3Den%26n%3Dpercy%26oc%3D9%26p%3Dhenry	en	Navigation inhabituelle	https://geneacdn.net/pub…/img_generic.jpg	https://geneacdn.net/pub…/img_generic.jpg	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Leader de la généalogie en France et en Europe : publiez votre arbre généalogique et recherchez vos ancêtres dans la première base de données généalogique.	fr	https://geneacdn.net/favicon.ico	Geneanet	https://gw.geneanet.org/bots/firewall?cause=suspicious_ip	Nous observons une navigation inhabituelle sur notre réseau. Merci de bien vouloir remplir le formulaire ci-dessous afin de nous assurer que vous n'êtes pas un robot.
21752	yago	0	69	http://washington.ancestryregister.com/PERCY00006.htm	en	Some Descendants of the PERCY Family Related to George Washington 1st US President			[ "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/ancestryregistershortwideltblue.GIF", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/wikipedia.jpg", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif", "http://www.ancestryregister.com/pictures/Twistbar.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	2. i. Henry PERCY 4th Lord Percy, Knight 224 was born 10 Nov 1341 in Seamer, Yorkshire, England 224 and died 19 Feb 1408 in Defeated & Slain at Bramham Moor, Yorkshire 224 at age 66. 4. i. Henry 'Hotspur' PERCY Knight 224 was born 20 May 1364 of Seamer, Yorkshire, England,224 died 21 Jul 1403 in Killed in Battle of Shrewsbury 224 at age 39, and was buried in York Cathedral, Yorkshire, England.224 9. i. (Sir) Henry DE PERCY 2nd Earl of Northumberland 68 was born 3 Feb 1392 in Warkworth Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England 68 and died 23 May 1455 in Killed in Battle of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England 68 at age 63. 10. i. (Sir) Henry PERCY Knight, 3nd Earl of Northumberland 68 was born 25 Jul 1421 in Leckenfield, Beverley, East Riding Yorkshire, England,68 died 29 Mar 1461 in Killed in Battle of Towton, Yorkshire, England 68 at age 39, and was buried in St. Denis Church, York, Yorkshire, England.68 11. i. (Sir) Henry PERCY K.G., 4th Earl of Northumberland 68 227 was born about 1449 in Wark Castle, Wark-on-Tweed, Northumberland, England,68 227 died 28 Apr 1489 in Murdered by a mob in Cock Lodge Manor, Topcliffe, North Riding Yorkshire 68 227 about age 40, and was buried in Beverley Minster, East Riding Yorkshire, England.68 12. ii. Margaret PERCY 194 199 was born circa 1450 in Knaresborough Castle, Northumberland, England 194 199 and died of Gawthorpe Hall, Dewsbury, West Riding, Yorkshire, England.194 199 13. i. (Sir) Henry Algernon 'Harry' PERCY K.G., 5th Lord Northumberland 229 was born 14 Jan 1478 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England,229 died 19 May 1527 229 at age 49, and was buried in Beverley Minster, Beverly, Yorkshire, England.229 14. i. (Sir) Thomas PERCY 231 was born about 1504 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England,231 died 2 Jun 1537 in Executed at Tyburn, Warwickshire, England 231 about age 33, and was buried in St. Crux Church, Yorkshire, England. 15. i. Henry PERCY Earl of Northumberland was born about 1532 in Petworth, Sussex, England and died 21 Jun 1585 in Killed himself in Tower of London, Middlesex, England about age 53. 16. i. Henry PERCY 9th Earl of Northumberland 234 was born before 27 Apr 1564 in Tynemouth Castle, Northumberland, England 234 and died 5 Nov 1632 in Petworth, Sussex, England.234
21752	yago	1	24	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	en	1437) » Family tree Cromer/Russell/Buck/Pratt » Genealogy Online	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/png/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	[ "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/waarschuwing2.png", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-pp.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-p.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block.gif", "https://static.genealogieonline.nl/img/go/timeline/red-block-c.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "pedigree research", "genealogy", "pedigree", "ancestors", "ancesteral tree making", "prayer cards", "gedcom" ]	null	[ "Elizabeth Cromer" ]	null	Lady Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Westmoreland was born in the year 1390 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England, daughter of Knight Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elisabeth Mortimer. She was married May 1404 in Appleby, Westmorland, England to John Clifford 7th Baron De Clifford She was married on July 20, 1426 in Roche Abbey, Yorkshire, England to John Clifford 7th Baron De Clifford, they had 7 children., they had 2 children. She died on October 26, 1437 in Staindrop, Durham, England. This information is part of Family tree Cromer/Russell/Buck/Pratt by Elizabeth Cromer on Genealogy Online.	en	https://www.genealogieon…e-touch-icon.png	Genealogy Online	https://www.genealogieonline.nl/family-tree-cromer-russell-buck-pratt/P19615.php	Daughter of Henry 'Hotspur', descendant of King Henry III and Elizabeth de Mortimer de Clifford de Camoys. Granddaughter of Sir Henry Percy and Margaret de Neville, Sir Edmund de Mortimer and Philippe of Clarence. Wife of Sir John Clifford, Lord Clifford, son of Sir Thomas de Clifford, 6th Lord Clifford and Elizabeth de Roos. They were married between 1403 and 1412, probably in 1404 and had two sons and two daughters: * Sir Thomas, 8th Lord Clifford, married Joan Dacre * Henry Clifford * Mary, wife of Sir Philip Wentworth, the great grandparents of Jane Seymour * Blanche, wife of Sir Robert Waterton Sir John was slain at the Battle of Meaux in France, 13 March 1422. Elizabeth married again, by contract dated 07 May 1426 and licence dated 20 July 1426 as they were related in the 4rd and 4th degrees, to Sir Ralph de Neville, son of Sir John de Neville and Elizabeth de Holand. They married in 1426 and had one son, Sir John Neville who married Anne Holland, daughter of Sir John de Holland. After Sir John de Neville died in 1450, Anne de Holland married another Sir John de Neville, the brother of Elizabeth's second husband, Sir Ralph de Neville. After Elizabeth's death in 1436, Ralph would remarry to Margaret de Cobham.
21752	yago	1	73	https://kids.kiddle.co/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster	en	Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster facts for kids	https://kids.kiddle.co/i…avicon-16x16.png	https://kids.kiddle.co/i…avicon-16x16.png	[ "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/aa/Arms_of_Philippa_of_Clarence%2C_5th_Countess_of_Ulster.svg/200px-Arms_of_Philippa_of_Clarence%2C_5th_Countess_of_Ulster.svg.png", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Learn Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster facts for kids	en	/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png		https://kids.kiddle.co/Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulster	Philippa of Clarence (16 August 1355 – 5 January 1381) was a medieval English princess and the suo jure Countess of Ulster. Biography She was born at Eltham Palace in Kent on 16 August 1355, the only child of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Her father was the third son, but second son to survive infancy, of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. She was the eldest grandchild of King Edward and Queen Philippa, her namesake. Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, at the age of fourteen, in the Queen's Chapel at Reading Abbey, an alliance that would have far-reaching consequences in English history. Her cousin, King Richard II, remained childless, making Philippa and her descendants next in line to the throne until his deposition. In the Wars of the Roses, the Yorkist claim to the crown was based on descent from Edward III through Philippa, her son Roger Mortimer, and granddaughter Anne Mortimer, who married Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, a son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York. Philippa died in 1382 and was buried at Wigmore Abbey, Herefordshire. Marriage and issue Her children with Edmund Mortimer were as follows: Name Birth Death Notes Lady Elizabeth Mortimer 12 February 1371 20 April 1417 She first married Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, with whom she had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Lady Elizabeth Percy. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, Baron Camoys, with whom she had a son, Lord Roger de Camoys. Elizabeth Mortimer was an ancestor of the third Queen Consort of Henry VIII, Jane Seymour. Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March 11 April 1374 20 July 1398 He married Lady Alianore Holland, by whom he had four children, Anne, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, Eleanor, and Roger. The House of York's claim to the throne was through his eldest daughter, Anne Mortimer. Lady Philippa Mortimer 21 November 1375 26 September 1400 She first married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. Her second husband was Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel, with whom she had a son, John, who died young. Her third husband was Sir Thomas Poynings of Basing, 5th Baron St. John. Sir Edmund Mortimer 9 November 1376 before 13 May 1411 Married Catrin (Catherine) Glyndŵr, the daughter of Owain Glyndŵr. They had issue, possibly a son named Lionel, said to have died young, and three daughters who died in the Tower of London alongside their mother. John de Mortimer c. 1378 1424 Knight See also
21752	yago	0	2	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/twelve-facts-you-should-know-about-elizabeth-mortimer-lady-percy/	en	Twelve Facts you should know about Elizabeth Mortimer, Lady Percy	http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Ludlow-Castle-the-Great-Hall-Great-Chamber-Block-and-chapel-what-Elizabeth-would-have-known-well.-300x225.jpg	http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Ludlow-Castle-the-Great-Hall-Great-Chamber-Block-and-chapel-what-Elizabeth-would-have-known-well.-300x225.jpg	[ "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Ludlow-Castle-the-Great-Hall-Great-Chamber-Block-and-chapel-what-Elizabeth-would-have-known-well.-300x225.jpg", "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/P5070135-225x300.jpg", "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/shrewsbury-battlefield-300x211.jpg", "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/P8300260-300x279.jpg", "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/14284892557_dfcbd7f97d_z-300x189.jpg", "http://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Hardcover-Book-MockUp2-209x300.png", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/themes/anneobrien/assets/images/about_anne.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anne O'Brien" ]	2018-06-07T15:20:55+00:00	(And much that we do not know) Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother...	en	https://www.anneobrienbo…h-icon-57x57.png	Anne O'Brien Books	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/twelve-facts-you-should-know-about-elizabeth-mortimer-lady-percy/	(And much that we do not know) Elizabeth was born in 1371 in one of the Mortimer castles in the Welsh Marches, probably in Usk where Roger her eldest brother was born, or in Ludlow where her younger brother and sister were born. She was daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand daughter of King Edward III. A bird’s eye view of Ludlow Castle which Elizabeth would have known very well. Elizabeth married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur) heir to the Earl of Northumberland when she was 8 years old. Hotspur was 15 years. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth. As a daughter of Philippa of Clarence, Elizabeth was caught up in the Mortimer claim to the English throne. Her grandfather, Lionel of Clarence, was the second surviving son to Edward III which gave the Mortimers a significant claim before Henry IV, whose father John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was the third son. Except that the Mortimer claim was through a female line and had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days. Elizabeth’s young nephew, Edmund Mortimer, was Earl of March but was kept confined in Windsor Castle by King Henry IV who was well aware of the Mortimer threat. Here are some of the impressive walls and towers at Windsor, perfect for keeping dangerous subjects incarcerated. Elizabeth’s brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh Marches while his young nephew was imprisoned by the King, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Owain Glyn Dwr’s forces. He was kept a prisoner by Glyn Dwr when King Henry refused to ransom him. Elizabeth, through family connection, was at the centre of the agreement between the Earl of Northumberland, Hotspur, Owain Glyn Dwr and Sir Edmund Mortimer to rise in rebellion against the King. Eventually they would decide to divide England into three between Glyn Dwr, Northumberland and the Earl of March. Hotspur was killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry IV. This is the battlefield at Shrewsbury as it is today looking east. Elizabeth’s son Henry, heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent by the Earl into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Her daughter Elizabeth was married to John Clifford, Baron Clifford, and then to Raplph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland. Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, was descended from Elizabeth Percy and John Clifford. Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England after the Battle of Shrewsbury, his head displayed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial, probably in York Minster in an unmarked grave. This is Micklegate which has displayed any number of famous heads. As a potentially dangerous widow, Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys in 1406, a close friend and counsellor of the King. She had a son with him, Roger. Elizabeth pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of 46 years and was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine brass showing them both, hand in hand. Elizabeth starred with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and briefly in Part Two. Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate. So little we know about Elizabeth, only this outline of her life. Here it is interesting to use a little historical speculation. How did she feel about the divisions in her family when the Percys initially supported Henry while the Mortimers were resurrecting their own claim to the throne? What influence did she have on her household when Hotpsur broke with Henry and made an alliance with Glyn Dwr? I am certain that, being a Mortimer, Elizabeth was not a silent presence in those days of insurrection, and ultimately tragedy.
21752	yago	3	50	https://annfosterwriter.com/2019/08/22/king-henry-v-the-king/	en	King Henry V: The Real Story Behind Netflix’s The King	https://i0.wp.com/annfos…=800%2C450&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/annfos…=800%2C450&ssl=1	[ "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Timothée-the-king.jpg?resize=720%2C301", "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/tom-hiddleston-the-hollow-crown-2.jpg?resize=720%2C484", "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/the-hollow-crown-bbc-henry-v.jpg?resize=720%2C480", "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/tom-hiddleston-the-hollow-crown.jpg?resize=720%2C504", "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/melanie-thierry-hollow-crown.jpg?resize=720%2C471", "https://i0.wp.com/annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/plugins/patron-button-and-widgets-by-codebard/images/become_a_patron_button.png?w=720&ssl=1", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c0272db6febd1b4e29ba85ca8806c6e2?s=64&d=identicon&r=g", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b99d9543d4d4d732bca3782c709f2729?s=64&d=identicon&r=g", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50ab09d427e10003799d2080e3aedf66?s=64&d=identicon&r=g", "https://annfosterwriter.com/wp-content/plugins/patron-button-and-widgets-by-codebard/images/become_a_patron_button.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Ann Foster" ]	2019-08-22T00:00:00	Who was King Henry V and why does Timothée Chalamet have that haircut in The King? What is his connection to the Tudor dynasty? All your questions answered!	en	https://i0.wp.com/annfos…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	Ann Foster	https://annfosterwriter.com/2019/08/22/king-henry-v-the-king/	Welcome to a Super Special Essay! Much like when the Babysitters Club or Sweet Valley High had adventures a bit outside of their usual, this is my first essay for this site to focus on a man. DON’T WORRY: as a special bonus, it turns out that this man was married to ONE OF THE COOLEST WOMAN WHO EVER LIVED and I talk about her as well. So, the thing is that Henry V was only King for a short period of time, and most of the victories he managed were mostly undone basically right after he died. Like, if Shakespeare hadn’t written three plays about him, he’d be far less known and less celebrated. Why did Shakespeare write about him? No idea. But there’s something compelling about his life story, as evidenced by the Netflix film The King, starring Timothée Chalamet. So, to catch us all up on just who this man was and why he matters (and if he matters?), here we go. Beginnings Back in the days before people had last names, royals were referred to by their first name + the name of the city where they were born. Hence, our hero is aka Henry of Monmouth, which is the name of the castle in Wales where he was born in 1386. His parents were named Henry of Bolingbroke and Mary du Bohun, and they were all part of the royal family. Right away this gets mega complicated but we can get through this together. So Henry’s grandfather was John of Gaunt, who was the son of the previous King, Edward III. John of Gaunt was also the guardian of the current king, who was a boy named Richard II who was Henry’s first cousin once removed. Got it? OK great, because it gets more complicated. SO, Henry’s father Henry Sr. was exiled in 1398 for (reasons), at which point Richard II (who was now an adult) took over raising the younger Henry. Richard took Henry up to hang out in Ireland and Henry was still there when, one year later, John of Gaunt died and also, more importantly, Richard II was overthrown by the returning Henry Sr., who took over the throne and became King Henry IV. So now Henry Jr. was heir to the throne, which meant time for him to come back to England from Ireland. On November 10th, 1399, the twelve-year-old Henry of Monmouth was created Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, and Duke of Aquitaine (yes, all at once). Then in 1402, aged fifteen, Henry was placed in charge of the English forces in a major military mission. This was at the time when it was totally normal and fine for Kings and heirs to the throne to literally lead military missions, which seems very risky but was a big part of being a King/Prince back then. First, Henry led an army into Wales against the very notorious Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr (who was very interesting and very determined to free Wales from English rule). Do you know who one of the Welsh people was fighting with Owain? Another guy also named Owain, in this instance Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur. Wait, Tudur? That looks sort of like Tudor… and yes, it does because his Anglicized name is OWEN TUDOR. That’s right, this Welsh soldier just hanging out and fighting for his homeland is the first entree of a Tudor into the narrative of the English royal family! Following this campaign, Henry teamed up with his father to fight Henry “Hotspur” Percy, an Englishman who had allied with Owain against the monarchy and who supported the Welsh rebels. Their battle is now known as the Battle of Shrewsbury, and it culminated in Hotspur being killed and 16-year-old Henry getting an arrow to the face. Now, you’d think this would have killed him but it did not due in large part to Henry having access to one of the greatest doctors of this era. His genius physician used all the most cutting-edge Medieval treatments, including using the antiseptic properties of honey, along with a hastily-invented sort of corkscrew/fusilli-shaped tool used to extract the arrow shaft from Henry’s FACE, guess what: he survived with a cool scar, totally fine! And his first order of business was to continue leading his army against his nemesis, Owain “yes he’s still around being amazing and with the best-ever name” Glyndŵr and his trusty soldier, Owen Tudor! After a few years of battling against Owain (and Owen), Henry had to head back to London to help out because his father Henry IV had fallen ill with, we’re not sure what, but it involved a lot of pustules, was possibly leprosy and sounds pretty fucking horrifying. Like his eyeballs were dehydrated. And it was the fifteenth century so I can’t think of anything worse. So it was that Henry Jr. swung by and took over some of the politics-based King-adjacent work, working alongside his uncles Henry Beaufort (because every man in this story is named Henry) and Thomas Beaufort. (Recognize that surname? You should!). And rather than just keeping things status quo, Henry Jr. ruled with a firm hand and changed things up to introduce his own policies. But when his father was feeling better (or had his pustules drained or whatever), Henry Sr. popped back on the scene and un-did all of the changes Henry Jr. had made. Fathers, am I right? NOW here’s where things get complicated again. So the thing is, almost definitely, the Beaufort uncles both wanted to kick Henry IV off the throne for being a pretty shitty King (sidenote: they were not incorrect, Henry IV was, in addition to a man with dehydrated raisin eyeballs, not a very good King). But Henry Jr. did not want to do that, and so — possibly — his enemies, like the Beaufort uncles, began spreading rumours that Henry Jr. was a wildly irresponsible party animal. It’s this approach that Shakespeare uses in his plays Henry IV parts 1 and 2 (which, despite the title, are actually mostly about Henry Jr., not about his leprosy-ridden father). What we know for sure is what Henry looked like which was tall (at 6’3″, he was the tallest-ever King of England, still to this day!) and slim, clean-shaven, with a prominent, pointy nose, and he wore his dark hair just like Timothée Chalamet in The King — in a sort of pudding bowl style. Coronation But Henry Sr.’s return to power was short-lived as he died two years later. Right away, Henry Jr. was crowned as King Henry V. His coronation ceremony was held on April 9, 1413, and there was an unseasonal blizzard-y snowstorm going on which was so unusual that nobody could decide if it was a good omen or a bad omen. In a similar way to how he began acting decisively while filling in for his father, Henry V started his reign with a clear vision and lots of plans to reach his goals. Just as his own father had undone Henry’s changes during his previous brief quasi-reign, Henry himself now undid his father’s undoing of his own things he did… you see what I mean. But the effect of this was that this Henry wanted to make nice with the Welsh and do you know who he invited to come hang out with him at royal court? OWEN TUDOR. Yes, it was Henry V himself who personally invited the TUDORS INTO THE CASTLE. Forget the blizzard at his coronation, this is retroactively a WORLD CHANGING TWIST. So, another of Henry’s ambitions was to unite all of the various factions who’d been battling against one another for decades. For instance, he had the body of Richard II dug up from its not-very-Kingly grave and re-interred as better suited a King (this also had the benefit of calming down some Richard II Truthers who were convinced that the past King had never actually died). Henry also restored lands and fortunes to noble families who had suffered under his father’s and cousin’s previous reigns, building trust back up among the noble families of England. He also acted decisively when faced by internal threats, such as when he ordered the execution in 1417 of a man named Sir John Oldcastle who had been involved in a nascent rebellion. Of note: Oldcastle is the inspiration for Shakespeare’s character of Sir John Falstaff in the Henry plays, so just imagine those plays ending with Henry killing the comic relief, because that’s what happened in real life! In fact, Shakespeare had initially called that character Oldcastle but when the surviving Oldcastle family members complained, he changed it to Falstaff. But for this and other reasons, Henry’s reign was marked by far less internal conflict that his predecessors, which was great because he had bigger plans in mind and needed all of England working together. One way that he worked toward building a national English identity was by promoting the use of the English language, making it officially the language of record within government. With things basically settled at home, Henry set to work on foreign affairs. First up: war with the French! Why? Because it’s there, basically! But also because Henry’s great-grandfather Edward III had a dynastic claim to the throne of France, and Henry wanted to take it over. As it so happens, the French King at this time was Charles VI, known as Charles The Mad due to his mental illness which made him think he was made of glass. Monarchs with mental health issues historically have not fared well in Medieval Europe and Charles was no exception, as his inability to rule effectively led to lots of in-fighting among the nobles. Oh also, remember Henry’s old nemesis the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr? Well, France had provided him support in his ongoing quest for Welsh independence, so that was yet another reason Henry wanted to attack the French. But don’t worry about Owen Tudor, he was now happy siding with the British at this point. Military Campaigns And so it was that on August 12, 1415, Henry sailed over to France with his forces. They captured the fortress at Harfleur on September 22, then marched across the French countryside to Calais for round two. On October 25, French soldiers intercepted them near the village of Agincourt and a very very very famous battle ensued! Despite the English troops being malnourished, exhausted, and outnumbered by the French, Henry was like, “Let’s gooooo!!!” and, in fact, the scrappy English forces 100% destroyed the French. This is still known as one of the greatest military victories in English history. Now, were the English better at fighting? Did Henry’s speech inspire his troops to superhuman skill levels? Or was it just so muddy that the French got bogged down and the English just stabbed them while they were stuck in the mud? Five thousand million military historians have written about this, and I’m sure you can find their takes on it if that interests you. Henry continued to dominate with his exceptional combined skills at strategy and battle, and again, so many military historians have written about this and I’m not going to get into it all. Here’s a summary. But basically, Henry never took his eyes off of the prize which was taking over France. So, in 1417, he roared back into France where he a) conquered Normandy and then b) sieged Rouen, cutting it off from Paris. The women and children in Rouen all began starving, and so they tried to flee — assuming that Henry would let them go but he did not! And so the women and children all starved to death in ditches outside of Rouen. This is obviously gross and terrible by most standards, but by the standards of 15th-century warfare meant that Henry was doing great vis-a-vis reaching his goals as, in January 1419, Rouen fell and was claimed by the English. By that August, Henry’s forces had reached Paris. So, the King was still Charles “thinks he’s made of glass” VI, who continued to be unable to rule effectively at all. Things in France were just like 100% infighting 24/7 without a strong leader like England had in Henry. One of the most notable figures there was the King’s heir, the Dauphin (played in The King by Robert Pattinson), who was just like shifty eyes, scheming all over the damn place. When Henry arrived in town, the Dauphin and his friends were like, “Oh hey girl hey!! No hard feelings, right?” and, basically, agreed that Henry was the new heir to the French throne/regent while Charles VI was still incapable of ruling. Like, they just let him take over. As per ever in this sort of situation, the deal was cemented by marrying Henry off to the Dauphin’s sister, Catherine of Valois. Fun fact: Catherine was the younger sister of Isabella of Valois, who had been married to Richard II. Also a fun fact: unlike many many many other dirtbag Kings of England, before and after him, Henry V held himself to a strict moral code and refused to have sex with anyone until he was married. Which is partly why he only fathered one child but #spoiler, we’ll get to that in the next paragraph. Oh and also please note that: Catherine of Valois becomes VERY IMPORTANT TO GLOBAL HISTORY in a bit. Henry and Catherine were married 1420, and their son, also called Henry (because that’s the only male name in existence apparently) was born the following year. Being married and having a baby didn’t change anything in Henry’s life really, as he continued leading armies into battle and just taking names and winning everything all the time. But the thing is, when his army went on battles without him, they didn’t always go super-well. Case in point, his brother Thomas had led a campaign in France that wound up in a horrible defeat that included Thomas himself getting killed. Henry was like, “Must I do everything myself? OK, clearly yes,” and so he sailed back over to England to fix his brother’s mess. And he did! But then he suddenly and unexpectedly died, possibly of heatstroke (???) from riding in full armour in very hot weather (????) which just feels so tragically preventable. He died on August 31, 1422, aged 35. His reign had lasted just nine years. Having died in France, Henry’s body was returned to England by his trusted comrade, John Sutton. Henry V was laid to rest in Westminster Abbey, as per his request. Legacy Before he died, Henry had named his brother John as the regent for the new king, his baby son Henry — who became King Henry VI at the age of nine months. Henry was never crowned King of France, as Charles “thinks he was made of glass” VI outlived him by two months, making baby Henry the first (and ultimately, only) crowned King of England and France. Baby Henry VI would grow up to be one of the most useless Kings in English history, as his admirable but contemporaneously inappropriate commitment to pacifism lost most of the land Henry V had gained for Britain. In fact, Henry VI was the final Lancaster King because… well: After Henry V died, 21-year-old gorgeous Catherine was a single mother of Baby King Henry VI and also, a widow. A few months after Henry V’s death, Catherine’s father Charles “thought he was made of glass” VI died, meaning her baby son was now the dual King of England and France. So she wasn’t in a specifically powerful role herself, but if she chose to marry again, that man would likely become extremely important as the King’s stepfather. And rumour had it that Catherine had set her sights on her dead husband’s cousin, Edmund Beaufort. But her baby King son’s advisors didn’t want her to marry him, so they passed a pretty insulting law that basically said “Dowager Queens can’t get married unless the King approves, but if the King is a little baby, then they can’t marry. Plus, whoever she marries, that man has to forfeit all of his land.” And Catherine, offended at the obvious ridiculousness of this entire situation said, quote, “I shall marry a man so basely, yet gently born, that my lord regents may not object.” Which is how and why she hooked up with her sexy young Welsh servant, OWEN TUDOR, that’s right, he’s back on the scene! Did he and Catherine get married? Unclear! But being married to the Dowager Queen suddenly increased the prestige of Owen’s whole family, and so their six children (yes, they had six children) were suddenly highly prestigious and notable rich people about town. Which is how and why when their son Edmund Tudor grew up, he was able to marry the highly eligible (and 12-year-old) Margaret Beaufort. It’s Edmund and Margaret’s son, Henry Tudor, who went on to usurp the throne from Richard III to become the first-ever Tudor monarch. As such, Catherine of Valois and her Welsh lover are the great-great-grandparents of both Mary I and Elizabeth I (as well as the great-great-great-grandparents of Mary Queen of Scots). By which I mean: Catherine and Owen’s lust literally changed the entire course of world history because without Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, England may not have emerged as a colonial world power, which means maybe the USA would never have happened, which means WTF would the world even be like right now?? And then because this bit is too interesting not to share with you: legendary Welsh hero Owain Glyndŵr disappears from all historical record in 1412 (which was around the time Henry V was tending to his leprosy-ridden father). Did Owain die? Maybe. Or MAYBE NOT. Did he, instead, adopt the persona of former Franciscan monk and Welsh poet Jack of Kent aka Siôn Cent?? (This book suggests he did). Whatever his fate, Owain continues to be remembered as a Welsh national hero, and a version of his character pops up in Shakespeare’s Henry IV as “Owen Glendower.” But back to Henry V: his reign may have been brief, but his legend has loomed large primarily due to Shakespeare telling his life story in the plays Henry IV Parts 1 and 2, and Henry V. In these plays, the King appears initially as the fun-loving “Prince Hal,” and is shown to mature into an effective and serious King by the third play. Henry V itself has been made into several films including a 1944 film starring Laurence Olivier, a 1989 film starring Kenneth Branagh (with Emma Thompson as Catherine!). The full sequence has been filmed as part of the 2012 miniseries The Hollow Crown (with Tom Hiddleston as Henry and Mélanie Thierry as Catherine), as well as inspiring the 2019 Netflix film The King (with Timothée Chalamet as Henry and Lily-Rose Depp as Catherine).
21752	yago	0	44	http://www.friede-abrahamson-genealogy.com/p1392.htm	en	Abrahamson Genealogy Site			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Married Name1404As of 1404,her married name was Clifford.Married Name1426As of 1426,her married name was Neville.She was the daughter of Sir Henry Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer.Marriage1404Lady Elizabeth Percy married John Clifford, son of Thomas de Clifford and Elizabeth De Ros, in 1404.John Neville was the son of Sir Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort.He was the son of John Neville.He was the son of Ralph Neville and Lady Elizabeth Percy.He was the son of Thomas de Clifford and Elizabeth De Ros.Sir Thomas De Ros was the son of Thomas De Ros and Beatrice Stafford.Birthbefore 6 November 1341Robert Tiptoft was born before 6 November 1341.He was the son of John Tiptoft and Margaret De Badlesmere.Name VariationMargaret le Despencer was also known as Margery.Married Namebefore 1421As of before 1421,her married name was De Ros.Married Nameafter 1421As of after 1421,her married name was Wentworth.She was the daughter of Sir Philip le Despencer and Elizabeth de Tiptoft.Marriagebefore 1421Margaret le Despencer married John De Ros, son of Sir William De Ros and Margaret Fitzalan, before 1421.John Tiptoft was the son of John Tiptoft and Margaret De Badlesmere.Name VariationPain Tiptoft was also known as Payn.He was the son of Robert Tiptoft and Eva (?).She was the daughter of William De Ros and Maud de Vaux.Name VariationSir Pain Tiptoft was also known as de Tibetot.Name VariationSir Pain Tiptoft was also known as Payn.He was the son of John Tiptoft and Elizabeth Aspall.Married Namebefore 1443As of before 1443,her married name was de Beauchamp.Married Nameafter 1443As of after 1443,her married name was Tiptoft.She was the daughter of Richard Neville and Alice Montagu.Birth21 March 1425Henry de Beauchamp was born on 21 March 1425.He was the son of Richard de Beauchamp and Isabel le Despenser.Marriagebefore 1443Henry de Beauchamp married Cecily Neville, daughter of Richard Neville and Alice Montagu, before 1443.Death11 June 1446Henry de Beauchamp died on 11 June 1446 at age 21.She was the daughter of Henry de Beauchamp and Cecily Neville.Birth8 May 1427John Tiptoft was born on 8 May 1427.He was the son of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.She was the daughter of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.MarriageThomas de Ros married Philippa Tiptoft, daughter of Sir John Tiptoft and Joyce Cherleton.Birth1427Thomas de Ros was born in 1427.He was the son of Thomas De Ros and Lady Eleanor Beauchamp.Birth1446Edmund de Ros was born in 1446.He was the son of Thomas de Ros and Philippa Tiptoft.Married NameHer married name was Manners.
21752	yago	3	11	https://englishhistory.net/tudor/henry-percy-anne-boleyn-relationship/	en	Henry Percy & Anne Boleyn Relationship	https://englishhistory.n…/tudor/anne2.jpg	https://englishhistory.n…/tudor/anne2.jpg	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "ryangibson" ]	2015-02-04T17:56:23+00:00	The account at right was written by George Cavendish, Cardinal Wolsey's gentleman-usher about Henry Percy & Anne Boleyn's relationship.	en	https://englishhistory.net/wp-content/themes/englishhistory/images/favicon.ico	English History	https://englishhistory.net/tudor/henry-percy-anne-boleyn-relationship/	I will tell you as best I can how the king’s love came about and what followed thereafter. When this lady, Mistress Anne Boleyn, was very young she was sent to France to be a lady-in-waiting to the French queen. When the queen died she was sent back to her father who arranged for her to become a lady-in-waiting to queen Catherine, wife of Henry. Such was her success in this post, shown both by her exemplary behavior and excellent deportment that she quickly outshone all the others. To such an extent, in fact, that the flames of desire began to burn secretly in the king’s breast, unknown to all, least of all to Anne herself. At this time Lord Percy, the son and heir of the earl of Northumberland, was aide and secretary to Wolsey, the lord cardinal, and whenever the lord cardinal happened to be at court Lord Percy would pass the time in the queen’s quarters where he would dally with the ladies-in-waiting. Of these, he was most familiar with mistress Anne Boleyn, to such an extent that a secret love grew up between them and they pledged that, in time, they intended to wed. When knowledge of this reached the king’s ears he was greatly distraught. Realizing that he could no longer hide his secret love, he revealed all to the lord cardinal and discussed with him ways of sundering the couple’s engagement to each other. When the lord cardinal had left the court and returned to Westminster, he remembered Henry’s request and summoned Lord Percy to his presence, saying in front of us, his servants: ‘I am amazed at your foolishness in getting entangled, even engaged, to this silly girl at court – I mean Anne Boleyn. Have you not considered your position? After the death of your noble father you stand to inherit one of the greatest earldoms in the country. It would thus have been more proper if you had sought the consent of your father in this affair and to have made his highness the king privy to it, requesting his royal blessing. Had you done so, he was not only have welcomed your request but would, I can assure you, have promoted you to a position more suited to your noble estate. And thence you might have gained the king’s favor by your conduct and wise council and and thus risen further still in his estimation. ‘But now look what you have done by your thoughtlessness. You have not only offended your own father but also your sovereign and pledged yourself to someone whom neither would agree to be suitable. And do not doubt that I shall send for your father and when he comes he will break off this engagement or disinherit you forever. The king himself will make a complaint to your father and demand no less an action than I have suggested. Indeed, I happen to know that the king has already promised this lady to someone else and that though she is not yet aware of it, the arrangements are already far advanced. The king however, being a man of great prudence and diplomacy, is confident that, once she is aware of the situation, she will agree to the union gladly.’ ‘Sir,’ said Lord Percy, weeping, ‘I knew nothing of the king’s involvement in all this, and I am sorry to have incurred his displeasure. I considered myself to be of sufficient age and in a good enough situation to be able to take a wife of my own choosing and never doubted that my father would have accepted my decision. And though she is just a simple maid and her father is only a knight, yet she is of very noble descent. On her mother’s side she has Norfolk blood and on her father’s side she is a direct descendant of the earl of Ormond. Why then, sir, should I query the suitability of the match when her pedigree is of equal worth to mine? Thus I humbly beg your favor in this matter and ask you to beg the king to be benevolent concerning this issue of my engagement, which I cannot deny, still less break it off?’ ‘See, gentlemen,’ said the lord cardinal to us, ‘what nonsense there is in this willful boy’s head! I though that when you heard me explain the king’s involvement in this business you would have relented in your suit and have submitted yourself to the king’s will, allowing his highness to decide on the matter as he thinks fit.’ ‘Sir, and so I would,’ said Lord Percy, ‘but in this matter I have gone so far that I am no longer able to renounce my commitment in full conscience.’ ‘What?’ said the cardinal, ‘Do you think that the king and I do not know what to do in such a serious matter as this? One thing’s for sure, I can see no point in your making any further pleas in this case.’ ‘Very well,’ said Lord Percy, ‘if it please you, I will submit myself completely to the king’s will in this matter and will release my conscience from the heavy burden of the engagement.’ ‘So be it, then,’ said the cardinal, ‘I will send for your father in the north, and he, the king and I will take whatever measure for the annulment of this hasty folly the king thinks necessary. And in the meantime, I order you – and in the king’s name command you – not to see her again if you intend to avoid the full wrath of his majesty.’ Having said this, he got up and went off to his study. Then the earl of Northumberland was sent for, who, learning of the request being at the king’s command, made great speed to court. his first port of call after leaving the north was to lord cardinal, by whom he was briefed about the cause of his hasty summons and with whom he spent a considerable time in secret discussions. After their long talk, the cardinal ordered some wine and after they had drunk together the meeting broke up and the earl left. As he was leaving, he sat down on a bench that the servants used and called his son Lord Percy to him, saying, in our presence: ‘Son, you have always been a proud, presumptuous, headstrong wastrel. And you have so proved yourself once more. What possible joy, comfort, pleasure or solace could I ever receive from you who have so misconducted yourself without discretion and in such secrecy. With no regard for your own father, nor for your sovereign to whom all honest and loyal subjects give faithful and humble obedience, nor even for your own noble estate, you have ill-advisedly become engaged to this girl and thereby incurred the king’s displeasure – an action intolerable in any of his subjects! ‘If it wasn’t for the wisdom of the king and his benevolence towards your empty-headedness and willful stupidity, his wrath would have been sufficient to cast me and all my family for generations to come into abject poverty and desolation. But by the supreme goodness of his grace and the worthy lord cardinal, I have been excused your transgression – they have decided to pity your stupidity rather than blame it – and have presented me with a command concerning you and your future conduct. ‘I pray to God that this may serve as sufficient warning to you to conduct yourself with more care hereafter, for I can assure you that, if you do not amend your ways, you will be the last earl of Northumberland if I have anything to do with it. You do nothing but waste and consume everything that all your ancestors have built up and cherished with great honor. But in the name of the good and gracious king, I intend – God willing – so to arrange my succession that you will benefit from it but little. For I have no intention, I can assure you, of making you my heir. I have, after all, praise be to God, a wide choice of sons who will, I am sure, prove themselves worthier than you and abler to conduct themselves as true nobles should. And from these I will choose the best as my successor. ‘Now gentlemen,’ he said to us servants, ‘it may so happen that when I am dead you will see these things that I have spoken of to my son prove to be the case. Yet in the meantime, I would be grateful if you could be his friends and tell him when he strays from the path or is at fault.’ And with that he took his leave of us and said to his son: ‘Go on your way and serve the lord cardinal, your master, and make sure you carry out your duty.’ And thus he departed and went down through the hall and out to his barge. After much debate and consultation about lord Percy’s case it was finally decided that his engagement to Anne Boleyn should be dissolved and that he should instead marry one of the earl of Shrewsbury’s daughters, Mary Talbot, which he later did.
21752	yago	2	0	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/the-mortimers-and-the-tudors/	en	Family Connections: Percy, Mortimer, - and Tudor?	https://www.anneobrienbo…kery-300x200.jpg	https://www.anneobrienbo…kery-300x200.jpg	[ "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Joe-Armstrong-and-Michelle-Dockery-300x200.jpg", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/220px-Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Jane_Seymour_Queen_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project-187x300.jpg", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Hardcover-Book-MockUp2-209x300.png", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/themes/anneobrien/assets/images/about_anne.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anne O'Brien" ]	2019-03-19T16:35:39+00:00	Queen of the North The two main protagonists in my novel Queen of the North are Sir Henry Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer. For those readers who have a keen enjoyment...	en	https://www.anneobrienbo…h-icon-57x57.png	Anne O'Brien Books	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/the-mortimers-and-the-tudors/	Queen of the North The two main protagonists in my novel Queen of the North are Sir Henry Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer. For those readers who have a keen enjoyment in following the adventures of the Tudors, is there any connection between this famous pair and the Tudors? Hotspur, Sir Henry Percy, heir to the 1st Earl of Northumberland, needs little introduction, such a dynamic, mercurial, glamorous figure in our history. His father was another Sir Henry Percy who was created Earl of Northumberland on the occasion of the coronation of King Richard II. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 2nd Baron Neville of Raby Elizabeth was very much a Plantagenet. Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited her royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second son. Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March. This placed Elizabeth in the centre of the struggle for power for the throne, by the Mortimer claimants, after the death of King Richard II and the usurpation of King Henry IV. All royal cousins, this makes Queen of the North a compelling family saga of power and treason, of betrayal and death. The Mortimer Earls of March had a strong claim to the throne even if it was through the female line of Philippa of Clarence. Nor was Hotspur without his own royal connections. His grandmother was Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, who was grandson of King Henry III and first cousin to King Edward II. Sadly we have no contemporary images of either Hotspur or Elizabeth. Nor are there any written descriptions. It is a matter for our imaginations. This is Joe Armstrong and Michelle Dockery playing the roles in Shakespeare’s King Henry IV Part One in the BBC Hollow Crown Series. I think they look just right! What connection, then, does this dynamic couple have with the Tudors? At first glance, none, since they lived their dramatic lives in the first turbulent decade of the fifteenth century. In fact they have a critical connection. Here it is: Elizabeth Percy, only daughter of Elizabeth Mortimer and Hotspur, married as her first husband John Clifford, Baron Clifford. One of their daughters, Lady Mary Clifford, married Sir Philip Wentworth of Nettlestead in Suffolk. Mary and Philip’s son, Sir Henry Wentworth, wed Anne Say, the daughter of Sir John Say and Elizabeth Cheyney, by whom they had two sons, Richard and Edward, and four daughters. Here comes the vital connection. One of these daughters, Margery Wentworth, married Sir John Seymour ofWulfhall, Savernake Forest in Wiltshire. They had ten children together. One of these children was Jane Seymour, who famously became the third wife and thus queen consort of King Henry VIII. She was mother of King Edward VI. And of course we do have a contemporary portait of Jane Seymour by Hans Holbein the Younger. Thus the far distant Plantagenet blood of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry Percy ran through the veins of Jane Seymour and her young son. Elizabeth Mortimer and Hotspur provide a splendid story for us in their own right, offering a marvellous window into the ambitions of medieval power-hungry magnates in the years before the Tudors came upon the scene. No less fascinating for all of that.
21752	yago	3	46	https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/tag/catherine-of-valois/	en	Catherine of Valois – Adventures of a Tudor Nerd	https://adventuresofatud…r-nerd.png?w=200	https://adventuresofatud…r-nerd.png?w=200	[ "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/cropped-8cd659f66c14a16bf100c87e155409851.jpg", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/24611635._sy475_.jpg?w=640", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/mv5bogzhmwfhmtatngm3ni00mtdhltg3nmmtmdviytc5odvkzwvlxkeyxkfqcgdeqxvymtkxnjuynq4040._v1_sy1000_cr006741000_al_.jpg?w=323&h=479", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/51qnw6zqydl._sx317_bo1204203200_.jpg?w=640", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/9188wgccbpl.jpg?w=365&h=558", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/519b6fccegl._sx331_bo1204203200_.jpg?w=640", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/200px-johnofgaunt.jpg?w=640", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/catherine_of_france.jpg?w=260&h=322", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/edbe20edb2d4ed4682369c7eb997b6df.jpg?w=325&h=434", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/89947.jpg?w=387&h=268", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/mary_tudor_and_charles_brandon.jpg?w=366&h=410", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/220px-king_henry_vi_from_npg_2.jpg?w=253&h=323", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/410px-arms_of_jasper_tudor_duke_of_bedford-svg.png?w=321&h=375", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/catherine_of_france.jpg?w=257&h=318", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/adventures-of-a-tudor-nerd.png?w=50", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/adventures-of-a-tudor-nerd.png?w=50", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2020-01-19T18:28:46+00:00	Posts about Catherine of Valois written by hmalagisi	en	https://adventuresofatud…or-nerd.png?w=32	Adventures of a Tudor Nerd	https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/tag/catherine-of-valois/	There is a new film that has been getting a lot of hype lately and that is based on the story of King Henry V and the Battle of Agincourt. Starring Timothee Chalamet as the main protagonist King Henry V, “The King” on Netflix is the latest historical drama movie that has come out this year. From the trailers and the information that we learned about the film before it was released, I was really intrigued, so I decided to watch it this weekend. Since there were a lot of things I wanted to discuss, I have decided to write a sort of movie review for “The King”. The film starts with trouble brewing between King Henry IV (Ben Mendelsohn), the usurper King who is dying, and Henry “Hotspur” Percy. We are introduced to Henry V as a young Prince of Wales who simply wants to cause havoc, drink, and have fun with his friends. When I first saw Timothee Chalamet in this role, I felt like he was a moody teenager who could care less about his country or his father, who he, for some reason, hates. Henry IV decides that Henry, also known as “Hal”, is not good enough to be king, so he is replaced by his younger brother, Thomas of Lancaster. This is so odd because from what we know of this time, Henry IV trusted Henry V to take care of England while he was ill. The angsty prince “Hal” leaves and decides to hang out with his best friend, Sir John Falstaff (Joel Edgerton), who would become one of his closest allies. Falstaff would be there for Hal after he killed Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury, which in this film turns out to be a fistfight with a knife between the two men, which is won by Henry V naturally. It felt kind of awkward, especially when you notice that Thomas Beaufort (also known as Dorset in the film) is on the sideline supporting Hotspur instead of Henry V. Beaufort was extremely loyal to Henry V throughout his reign. It was here where Henry V got his noticeable scar from an arrow that hit him in the face, but the film really doesn’t show the scar. After his brother Thomas dies off-screen, Henry V becomes King after his father dies. The coronation scene, albeit short, looked somewhat accurate, which is a plus. As king, Henry is unsure of his abilities and relies on men who he considers his allies. Those who do study this time period know that Henry V was known as a warrior king, yet for some reason, the director of this film wanted to make Henry rather a pacificist. He wants to get along with the French rather than go to war with them. This was the middle of the Hundred Years’ War. England hated France and vice versa. For this young king to want to make peace with the French was unheard of and so out of character for what we know about King Henry V. I really did not agree with this call. It was not until after there were several attempts on Henry’s life by the French that Henry finally decides to attack France directly. It is here in the battles and sieges that Henry V would gain his warrior king title and I think that the film does a pretty good job showing some of the aspects of the invasion of France. The use of trebuchets for the siege scene was just fun to watch, even though this was just one siege of perhaps dozens that happened during the invasion. While we are in France, we are introduced to Robert Pattinson’s character the Dauphin of France. This might sound controversial, but I wasn’t impressed with his portrayal of the Dauphin. I felt like his accent felt fake, almost like he was mocking the French, and I didn’t see why he needed to have his hair dyed blond. Pattinson’s character was more of a buffoon than a serious adversary. Another thing that irked me was when Henry knelt in front of the Dauphin. Henry is a King. The Dauphin was a French Prince. It seemed really odd to do this since they were adversaries. To me, the biggest highlight of this film was the actual Battle of Agincourt. The conditions of the field of battle were a muddy mess with the French at an advantage. The English marching in their suits of armor towards their enemy while the archers were in the back, raining arrows down on the French. Seeing Henry and Falstaff fighting in the mud with their men. It felt like it truly honored the battle well. The one issue I had with it was when Henry and Falstaff took off their helmets. I was literally yelling at them to put their helmets back on. It is one thing to see an actor’s face when they are doing a battle scene, but this just seemed utterly ridiculous to me. A few more side notes that I wanted to include. I think the soundtrack of this film was wonderful and really captured the mood of the film. They used a lot of daggers and battle-axes instead of swords when it came to fighting one on one. The costumes felt appropriate, but the colors of the outfits felt rather mute with greys, blacks, blues, and shades of white. There were points where I thought that Chalamet was wearing a pair of jean like pants and a hoodie under his chain mail, but it might have just been me. I wanted a touch more color. The scenery was fantastic and really gave a medieval feel to the film. Finally, I wanted more Catherine of Valois (Lily-Rose Depp). We see her at the very end of the film, but I wanted more interaction between Catherine and Henry. Overall, I actually really enjoyed “The King”. It kind of shocked me because I thought that I was going to sit through the movie and nitpick so much that I wouldn’t enjoy the film. Yet I did. It is definitely not historically accurate, but it blends the Shakespearean plays and historical information into something new. If you want a completely accurate film about Henry V and the Battle of Agincourt, this might not be the film for you. However, if you want a different interpretation of Henry V and Agincourt just for fun, “The King” on Netflix is a film that you should check out. Share this: Like Loading... In recent years, the study of the English conflict known as the “Wars of the Roses” has become rather popular. The Lancasters and the Yorks fighting for the English throne. Only one can be the winner. When we do look at this time period, we tend to focus on the people involved in the battles and the political aspect of the conflict. The battles, how they were fought, and why the conflict started in the first place tend to be pushed to the sideline. That is not the case with this particular book. In Hugh Bicheno’s book, “Battle Royal- The Wars of the Roses: 1440-1462”, the political and military aspects combine with family histories for a comprehensive look into what made this time period so fascinating. I came across this particular book by browsing the shelves at Barnes and Noble. I saw that it was about the Wars of the Roses, but I was not familiar with the author. I decided to give it a shot and I am so glad I did. This book is a delight and a fantastic resource. Bicheno starts his book by exploring two extraordinary women whose families would shape the direction that the Wars of the Roses would take; Jacquetta Woodville and Catherine de Valois. Both women married for love and this love would shape who would win the crown of England, as Bicheno explains: Sometimes love does conquer all: despite having turned their backs on the game of power, Catherine and Jacquetta became the common ancestors of every English monarch since 1485. Before that could happen, all those with a superior claim to the throne had first to wipe each other out. This they did in what was, in essence, a decades-long, murderously sordid dispute over an inheritance within a deeply dysfunctional extended family. It became merciless not despite but because the combatants had so much in common, and projected their own darkest intentions onto each other….it was an extraordinary period in English history. Four of the six kings crowned between 1399 and 1485 were usurpers who killed their predecessors, undermining the concept of divine right as well as the prestige of the ruling class. (Bicheno, 10-11). Family drama is the center of Bicheno’s book so he spends several chapters laying out the major players and how they were related to one another. This can get a tad bit confusing for those who are not familiar with the story, so Bicheno has included family trees and a list of protagonists and marriages to help readers. I will say that they became very useful for me as I was reading this book and I would highly suggest you use the resources that Bicheno has included in this book for future research. Bicheno also included maps, which corresponded with the different battles that were important between 1440 and 1462, not only in England but in France, Wales, and Scotland as well. What really impressed me about this book was the amount of detail that Bicheno was able to include and making it understandable for any casual student of the Wars of the Roses, yet engaging enough for a scholar. That is not an easy feat, but Bicheno is able to do it. He uses modern data with extensive research of historical documents, knowledge of medieval military strategies, and interpreting all of this information for modern readers, which included a few nods to a certain popular show(Game of Thrones) that is roughly based off of the events of this time period. Hugh Bicheno breathes new life into the study of the Wars of the Roses. I wasn’t really sure what to expect when I first started reading this book, but I am extremely glad I did. Even if you think you know tons about the Wars of the Roses, this book will surprise you with new information and make you question your previous knowledge about the battles in the first part of this tumultuous time. If you have an interest in the Wars of the Roses and understanding how it occurred from a military and a political point of view, I highly suggest you read Hugh Bicheno’s book, “Battle Royal- The Wars of the Roses: 1440-1462”. It is an eye-opening, riveting reading experience. Share this: Like Loading... With Valentine’s Day around the corner, I thought it would be appropriate to talk about the couples that we all enjoy studying from the Wars of the Roses and the Tudor Dynasty. These are couples that went through a lot together and stayed together. That is why people like Henry VIII will not be on this list since we all know his marriage track record. This is a list combining your favorites, which you stated as answers to a question I posted on the Facebook page, as well as some of my own. These couples are in chronological order, not by favorites, and the first two couples are before the time that we would call “Wars of the Roses” but they are still important. I did have to narrow down this list quite a bit so if you don’t see a couple that is on this list, let’s discuss it. I hope you enjoy! 1.) John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford John of Gaunt, the son of King Edward III and one of the wealthiest men in Europe, and Katherine Swynford, the woman who was the governess to John’s children. It seems like an unlikely match, but these two made it work. Of course, when these two lovebirds first met, they were both married to other people, John of Gaunt to Blanche of Lancaster and Katherine to Hugh Swynford. When both Blanche and Hugh died, rumors began to fly that John and Katherine were having an affair. John decided to quite these rumors by marrying a second time, to Constance of Castile. This marriage was one for political gains, not of love. His hope for marrying Constance was to become King of Castile, similar to how he became the Duke of Lancaster after marrying Blanche of Lancaster, but it ended up being a disaster. After his father’s death, John’s nephew Richard II became king and John gave up his claim to the throne of Castile. While he was married to Constance, John began to see Katherine and they had 4 children out of wedlock. Constance would die in 1394. John would marry Katherine in 1396 and their children would be given the name “Beaufort”. Their children would be considered legitimate, but they could not inherit the throne. John would die 3 years later in 1399 and would be buried beside his first wife Blanche. John and Katherine’s love for one another lasted decades. 2.) Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois The Dowager Queen of England marrying a man who worked in her own household. That is the gist of the love story of Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois. Catherine of Valois was married to King Henry V of England and in return, under the Treaty of Troyes, Henry V and his descendants became kings of both England and France. A really great deal, except Henry V, died of dysentery a few months after his son and heir Henry VI was born. Catherine was 21 when she became the Dowager Queen and there was a real concern that she would marry again so Parliament passed a bill that stated that if Catherine wanted to remarry, she had to ask Parliament’s permission to do so. Well, she didn’t listen to this bill at all. She met and fell in love with a Welshman named Owen Tudor, who worked for her as either as the keeper of her household or her wardrobe. They would marry sometime between 1428 and 1429. Later, in May 1432, Owen was granted the same rights as an Englishman. To say this match was totally taboo would be an understatement, but for them, it worked. Catherine and Owen were willing to risk everything for their love. They would have anywhere between 4 to 6 children Two of their children would become famous during the Wars of the Roses, Jasper and Edmund Tudor. Catherine would die on January 3, 1437, and would be buried beside her first husband Henry V. After Catherine’s death, Jasper and Edmund would receive titles and meet their half-brother King Henry VI, but Owen would face jail time. Owen would later be captured and executed after the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross on February 2, 1461. 3.) Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Another story of a wealthy woman marrying a man well below her station for love. Jacquetta was born in France during the height of the Hundred Years War. Her first husband was the brother of King Henry V, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford and they were married in April 1433. Their marriage was controversial because John’s first wife Anne died only a few months before they were married. The couple moved back to England and in a matter of weeks, Jacquetta was given the rights of an English woman. In 1434, she was made a member of the Order of the Garter, a huge honor. Their marriage would not last long as John would die a year later in France. Jacquetta was a widow and Henry VI wanted her sent back to England so he sent Sir Richard Woodville, a knight, to bring Jacquetta back. This backfired spectacularly as Jacquetta and Richard fell in love and got married in secret while on their way back to England (just like another couple on this list). Henry VI was furious and fined the couple 1000 pounds, but on March 23, 1437, Parliament recognized their marriage as valid. Jacquetta and Richard were happily married and had 14 children, including Elizabeth Woodville, who would become Queen of England. Jacquetta and Richard were with Margaret of Anjou as she made her way to England and to her marriage to Henry VI and the birth of their son. They were together when their daughter, Elizabeth Woodville, married her first husband and he died in battle when she met and married Edward IV, and Jacquetta was there for the birth of her first granddaughter Elizabeth of York. Jacquetta’s world came crashing down when Richard and their son John were captured and executed on August 12, 1469, after the Battle of Edgecote Moor. Jacquetta was arrested by Warwick and charged with witchcraft, but the charges were dropped. Jacquetta would die only a few years after Richard, on May 30, 1472. Jacquetta and Richard’s marriage lasted through decades and hardships, but it was full of love and a large family, the Woodvilles, that would change English politics forever. 4.) Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of a soldier and a mother of two young boys. In a way, their love story is like a Cinderella story. Elizabeth Woodville was the eldest daughter of Richard and Jacquetta Woodville. She was a maid of honor for Margaret of Anjou and because of her high position at court, her parents arranged a marriage for her to Sir John Grey of Groby in 1452. The couple would have two sons, Thomas, and Richard Woodville. Their marriage would not last long as Sir John Grey was killed at the Second Battle of St. Albans in 1461. The story of how Edward IV met Elizabeth is often embellished. The story goes that Edward IV met Elizabeth under an oak tree at her family home at Grafton Regis in Northamptonshire, where she pleaded with Edward to help her get an inheritance for her two sons. It is very unlikely that they met underneath this oak tree, but they did fall in love and would eventually get married in May 1464. Edward then told his Parliament, including the man who helped him the most Warwick “the Kingmaker”, that he couldn’t marry any of the women that they suggested because he was already married. Elizabeth’s large family was given advantageous marriages and titles that helped shaped English politics, much to the chagrin of those who were already in power. Elizabeth was crowned Queen consort on May 16, 1465, and the following year, she gave birth to the couple’s first child, Elizabeth of York. Things went downhill as politics took their marriage for a rollercoaster ride. Warwick decided that he was going to switch from York to Lancaster and placed Henry VI back on the throne, sending Edward IV into exile. Elizabeth Woodville was forced to seek sanctuary where she gave birth to their first son, the future Edward V. Edward IV would come back with a vengeance and defeated Warwick, reclaiming his crown, and found his wife and children in sanctuary. The family was reunited and happy. Their second son, Richard Duke of York, was married to Anne of Mowbray and they had arranged a marriage for their eldest daughter Elizabeth of York to the Dauphin of France. Elizabeth Woodville’s world came crashing down when her beloved husband, Edward IV, died on April 9, 1483. The crown passed to their young son Edward V, but before he was crowned king, Edward and his brother Richard were sent to the Tower of London, never to be seen again. Elizabeth would arrange a marriage between her daughter Elizabeth of York, with the son of Margaret Beaufort, Henry Tudor. On August 22, 1485, Henry Tudor was able to defeat Richard III and become King Henry VII. He would marry Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Woodville would be present for the birth of her grandchildren Arthur, Henry, Mary, and Margaret. Elizabeth Woodville would die less than a decade after Edward IV, on June 8, 1492. Edward and Elizabeth are buried by each other in St. George Chapel in Windsor Castle. Their love was something of legends and even though people did not agree with their union, they made each other stronger. 5.) Henry VII and Elizabeth of York Henry Tudor, later Henry VII, and Elizabeth of York. The couple that united the houses of York and Lancaster and started the Tudor Dynasty. This is the only couple on this list that was arranged to be married to each other, but they made it work extremely well. Henry Tudor was the son of Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor who would go into hiding after the Yorkist believed he would be the one who could bring back the Lancasterian cause in the Wars of the Roses. After Edward IV died, Edward V and Richard Duke of York were sent to the Tower never to be seen again, and Richard III became king. Elizabeth Woodville and the Yorkists loyal to her did not like Richard III and knew something had to be done in order to end his reign. In order to bring an end to the Wars of the Roses, Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort agreed that their children, Elizabeth of York and Henry Tudor, would be married if Henry could invade England successfully and overthrow Richard III. Henry and his uncle Jasper tried to invade in October 1483, but it failed. In December 1483, Henry made an oath in Rennes, France to marry Elizabeth of York. Finally, in August 1485, Henry and Jasper Tudor made their way back to England, and it worked. They met against Richard III’s forces at the Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, where with sheer luck, and the forces of Lord Stanley ( Henry’s stepfather), Henry was able to defeat Richard and become King Henry VII. Henry kept his promise and married Elizabeth of York the following year, on January 18, 1486. A few months later, on September 20, 1486, Henry and Elizabeth welcomed their firstborn son, Arthur Prince of Wales. They would have more children including Henry Tudor (future Henry VIII), Mary and Margaret Tudor. Things started off relatively stable for the first few months of Henry’s reign, but that would change in 1487. 1487 was the year that a young boy named Lambert Simnel claimed to be the earl of Warwick, Elizabeth’s cousin. This was a lie and Henry met Lambert Simnel at the Battle of Stoke Field on June 16, 1487, where Lambert was defeated in the last battle of the Wars of the Roses. Lambert would be a first in a long line of pretenders, trying to usurp the throne from Henry. One of the biggest pretenders was Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard Duke of York, Elizabeth’s younger brother. This may have been a recipe for a disaster between Henry and Elizabeth, but it actually strengthened their relationship. Elizabeth believed that Perkin Warbeck was not her brother. Perkin Warbeck was hanged at Tyburn on November 23, 1499. The last few years of Henry and Elizabeth’s marriage was filled with joy and heartache. The couple had arranged advantageous marriages for their children Arthur and Margaret. Margaret was arranged to be married to King James IV of Scotland, to unite England and Scotland under the Treaty of Perpetual Peace. Arthur was married to Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, on November 14, 1501, uniting Spain and England. The following year, on April 2, 1502, Arthur died unexpectantly, leaving Elizabeth to console her husband and to remind him that they were still young and that they could still have more children. Elizabeth did give birth to a daughter Katherine on February 2, 1503, but she would not live long. Elizabeth of York would die on February 11, 1503, leaving Henry alone in his grief. He never married again and when Henry VII died a few later on April 21, 1509, he wished to be buried next to his beloved wife. Henry and Elizabeth’s marriage may have been arranged, but they developed a deep love for one another that endure many hardships and created the Tudor Dynasty. 6.) Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor. A Tudor knight who fell in love with the dowager Queen of France and the sister of the King of England. Their love story is one for the ages. Mary Tudor was the youngest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York and she was very close to her brother Henry VIII. She was known as the most beautiful princess in Europe. Her first marriage was to the King of France, Louis XII, who was much older than she was and had been married two times before. Their marriage did not last three months as King Louis XII died and they did not have any children. The new King of France, Francis I, tried to arrange a new marriage for Mary, but Henry VIII sent an envoy to collect his sister, which included the charming knight, Charles Brandon. Charles and Mary probably knew each other their entire life since Charles was a close friend of Henry VIII. While they were on their way to England, the couple decided to get married in secret on March 3, 1515, and to tell Henry later. Henry was angry, at first, and fined the couple 24,000 pounds and the remainder of Mary’s dowry. It was an enormous amount, but the couple took it in stride and their marriage was recognized later that year with an official ceremony on May 13, 1515. This was not Charles’ first marriage as he was married two times before and had two daughters by his first marriage, Anne and Mary. Mary accepted both daughters and raised them along with her four children that she had with Charles. The couple would make their opinion about politics clear to Henry, especially when it came to Henry’s divorce of Catherine of Aragon in order to marry Anne Boleyn, which they were not thrilled with the idea. Mary, who suffered from illnesses all of her life, died on June 25, 1533. Charles would marry again, this time to his ward Catherine Willoughby who would give him two sons. Charles died on August 22, 1545. Although both married other people before they married each other, one can sense how much Charles and Mary truly loved one another. Who are your favorite couples from the Wars of the Roses or the Tudor Dynasty? Share this: Like Loading... (Born December 6, 1421- Died May 21, 1471). Son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois. Married to Margaret of Anjou. He had one son Edward of Westminster. Henry VI was a weak ruler who, combined with his bouts of mental illness and no desire to rule, led England to lose its lands in France and brought England into a 30 year civil war known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry VI was the only child of Henry V and his wife Catherine of Valois. He was born on December 6, 1421 and became king of England at the tender age of nine months when his father died on August 31, 1422. Six weeks later, he became king of France after his grandfather Charles VI died, which was agreed upon with the Treaty of Troyes. A regency council was called and Henry’s uncle John, duke of Bedford, became his first regent, and was charged with taking care of the French, led by the king that the French declared, Charles VI’s son Charles VII. Both Charles VII and John duke of Bedford kept the Hundred Years’ War dragging on. The English captured Orleans in 1427, but in May 1429, a young Joan of Arc led a siege on Orleans, which the French was able to reconquer. This led to French nationalism which allowed the French to drive the English out of the Loire Valley and Charles VII was officially crowned king of France in June 1429. This made Bedford nervous so he quickly had Henry VI crowned king of England in November 1429 and crowned king of France in 1431. He was the first English king who was also the king of France, but it did not last long. With the newly founded French nationalism, the English were losing their French lands that Henry V had conquered left and right. This made Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, an ally of the English, nervous, and so he signed the Treaty of Arras with Charles VII in 1435, which recognized Charles VII as the King of France. The Hundred Years’ War would continue for another 18 years until John Talbot, the earl of Shrewsbury was defeated at Castillon in 1453. The English lost all of their French territories, except for Calais. John, duke of Bedford, was regent until his death in 1435. After Bedford died, Humphrey, duke of Gloucester became the protector, but he did not have the same control of the government that Bedford did. In 1437, Henry declared himself of age before his 16th birthday. Henry was a weak ruler who was not interested in ruling at all, so he allowed some of the least scrupulous people to control the government. One of these men was William de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, who became the king’s steward in 1435. William was a peacemaker at heart, which led to the loss of France; his opponent at court was Humphrey of Gloucester, who wanted the war with France to continue. Suffolk was able to negotiate the marriage between Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou in 1444, in exchange for Henry surrendering Maine to the French. The couple was married on April 23, 1445. This was not a popular decision and Henry’s life was threatened so Margaret, Suffolk and Henry left London. Margaret and Suffolk convinced the king that Gloucester was plotting an uprising so Henry had him arrested and confined at Bury St. Edmunds in February 1447, where he would die a week later. The people were not satisfied with this and Suffolk decided to switch from peacemaker to warmonger and invaded Brittany in 1449. This brought Normandy into the middle of the Hundred Years’ War and Brittany was conquered by the French in 1450. This was the last mistake by Suffolk, who was arrested and banished, but his ship was intercepted at Dover and Suffolk was killed. Suffolk’s allies were scapegoats for everything that was going wrong in France, which led to the revolution led by John Cade in May 1450. It was similar to the Peasants’ Revolt, however Henry VI was no Richard II and the revolt lasted for two months, until John Cade’s death. The purpose of this revolt was to purge the government, but the king did not live up to their expectations. Instead he polarized the government even further when he appointed Edmund Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset as his closest adviser. Somerset was a failure in France and he gained some notable enemies at court, especially Richard, duke of York, who was banished to Ireland in 1447 for supporting Gloucester, but returned to England and to court in August 1450, demanding his place in the Council. Somerset’s and York’s rivalry simmered for several years, until August 1453, when Henry VI had his first bout with mental illness. We are not sure what he suffered from but for weeks, he was unresponsive to everything. Some believe it was triggered by the loss of France. It affected him so much that he did not even acknowledge his only son Edward, believing that his son was born of the Holy Ghost. During this time, Richard Duke of York was made Lord Protector in 1454 and had Somerset arrested. When Henry recovered, he restored Somerset and had York dismissed. This was the last straw for York. York and Somerset met on the battlefield at St. Albans on May 22, 1455, where Somerset was killed. This should have been the end of the conflict, however it was only just the beginning. Henry was going to reconcile with York but another bout of mental illness hit Henry in November 1455 and York was made Lord Protector again; he was dismissed in February 1456. It was then that Margaret of Anjou took up her husband’s cause. She encouraged the new duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort to fight against York. The battlelines were being drawn. The Yorkists were led by Richard duke of York, Richard Neville earl of Salisbury and his son Richard Neville earl of Warwick. The Lancastrians were under Henry VI, but led by Margaret of Anjou, Somerset, and Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland. In 1459, at the battle of Ludlow, the Lancastrians won and sent the Yorkists into hiding; however the Yorkists came back with a vengeance at the battle of Northampton. In September 1460, Richard duke of York officially placed his claim to the throne to Parliament. In order to avoid more conflict, York was declared the heir to the throne, in place of Prince Edward. Henry VI seemed to be okay with this arrangement, but Margaret was not about to let this insult stand. On December 30, 1460 at the battle of Wakefield, York was killed. Margaret continued her march to London when in 1461, she met with Warwick and defeated him at the second battle of St. Albans. Warwick fled and raised another army with York’s son Edward and marched into London on March 1461. Then, in the bloodiest battle of the Wars of the Roses, Towton, the Lancastrian forces were defeated and Edward became Edward IV. Henry and Margaret fled to Scotland to seek aid from King James III. In exchange for the aid, Henry gave the Scots Berwick. After a few years, Henry was seen as an embarrassment to the Scots and so they returned him to northern England, where he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London by English forces in July 1465. It looked like Henry’s days were numbered, but then on October 3, 1470, he was removed from the Tower and made king yet again. What had happened was that the earl of Warwick switched sides and fought for Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou. Warwick even had his daughter married to Henry’s son Edward to show his allegiance. However, Edward IV came back in April 1471 and killed Warwick and recaptured Henry VI. On May 4, 1471, Margaret’s forces faced off against Edward IV at the battle of Tewkesbury. It was a devastating loss for the Lancastrians as Prince Edward was killed and Margaret was imprisoned in the Tower. On May 21, 1471, King Henry VI was murdered. It is unknown who killed him, but many suspect that it was under the orders of King Edward IV. Share this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	1	28	https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LB57-YGC/elizabeth-percy-1395-1436	en	FamilySearch.org	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.	en	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png		null
21752	yago	2	92	https://noshitshakespeare.tumblr.com/post/632145019937177600/kate-percy-underrated-or-just-over-hyped-by-the	en	No Shit Shakespeare • Kate Percy: underrated? or just over hyped by the...	https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_fd78e69c1e9e_64.pnj	https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_fd78e69c1e9e_64.pnj	[ "https://assets.tumblr.com/images/anonymous_avatar_24.gif", "https://64.media.tumblr.com/570f7f6ddad0bdf043f733008a4e81ff/5e163c3106d73ab1-59/s500x750/7a3a9336a973e42baa2aec2fbe73222c5c163123.gifv", "https://assets.tumblr.com/images/default_avatar/sphere_closed_16.png", "https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_a8b2fa905617_16.pnj", "https://64.media.tumblr.com/05045a00aaaf28893fbbc18114b20799/fbde8a5c7395a77f-39/s16x16u_c1/774974290e6785db8bacd9bb00e34101fc52d2f8.pnj", "https://64.media.tumblr.com/b779d702dc66ead1cb3eed029d24aa65/dea23e5c8231f6d2-4f/s16x16u_c1/e12d275520ba09525cb804a426fd59d9c47ca0fd.pnj", 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]	2020-10-16T15:01:09+00:00	Anonymous said: Kate Percy: underrated? or just over hyped by the girls that discover her and ditch their love for Lady Macbeth? Answer: It’s nice to see Kate Percy in my inbox! She’s a great...		https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_fd78e69c1e9e_128.pnj	No Shit Shakespeare	https://www.tumblr.com/noshitshakespeare/632145019937177600/kate-percy-underrated-or-just-over-hyped-by-the	It’s nice to see Kate Percy in my inbox! She’s a great character. The teasing comedic nature of the interaction between Kate and Hotspur is quite an endearing representation of one kind of married relationship. ‘Out, you mad-headed ape!’ (2.3.74) to the person who is too distracted to listen to you and who replies to your serious concern ‘What is it carries you away?’ with a literal ‘Why, my horse, my love, my horse’ (2.3.72-73), is both amusing and kind of realistic. It’s quite easy to imagine them as the kind of couple that will slap each other playfully when the other says something ridiculous. And, the sweet thing is that they obviously do care about each other, even if Hotspur does mockingly phrase his reply so that it’s not clear whether he’s calling her or his horse his love… Although they don’t appear together very much, the way they have all these pet names (mostly animals) for one another and keep riffing off one another paints a pretty vivid picture of their relationship. But even if it’s said jokingly, there is something to Hotspur’s way of denigrating Kate’s worry and her love that’s revealing. He tells her, in response to her saying that if he loved her, he’d tell her what’s on his mind with, ‘Love! I love thee not; / I care not for thee, Kate. This is no world / To play with mammets and tilt with lips’ (2.3.86-88). He’s saying, essentially, that he has no time for love, and the feminine, which he characterises as things like playing with dolls or kissing. Hotspur considers the female sphere of life as frivolous and thinks that’s where his wife belongs. He loves her, but only has time for her when he has time for kissing. Of course, it’s important to recognise that this is partly a joke still, as is evident from Kate’s response, which is half hurt, and half amused: Do you not love me? Do you not indeed? Well, do not then, for since you love me not I will not love myself. Do you not love me? Nay, tell me if you speak in jest or no. (2.3.92-95) Kate herself isn’t sure if Hotspur is joking, so she’s not taking it entirely seriously, and in asking whether he jests, shows that he is the kind of person who would say such things mockingly. Still, she’s certainly a little shocked that he’d say he doesn’t love her, even as a joke (she repeats ‘Do you not love me?’ twice). The thing is, Hotspur is speaking something of what he actually thinks in his joking manner. He never answers her straight: ‘When I am a-horseback, I will swear/ I love thee infinitely’ (2.3.97-98). And though he does love her as much as a man like him is capable of, he’s still fundamentally misogynistic, and doesn’t consider her his equal: I know you wise, but yet no farther wise Than Harry Percy’s wife; constant you are, But yet a woman; and for secrecy No lady closer, for I well believe Thou wilt not utter what thou dost know, And so far will I trust thee, gentle Kate (2.3.103-108) In Hotspur’s mind, Kate is always defined in relation to him. She’s wise for a wife of his, she’s secretive, but only because she knows nothing. He thinks Kate is the best woman, but only as good as a woman can be, which is always less than a man. It’s to Kate’s credit that she’s not particularly happy with his idea of her. When asked ‘Will this content you?’ she answers ‘It must of force’ (2.3.113), which is to say she has no choice but to be contented with her lot, and how her husband treats her. It’s rather brilliant that Shakespeare shows in her being able to tell that ‘I fear my brother Mortimer doth stir / About his title, and hath sent for you / To line his enterprise’ (2.3.78-79), showing very concisely that whatever Hotspur thinks of her, she’s perfectly politically savvy. And of course, in the only other scene she appears in she shows again that she can give as good as she gets from Hotspur, and refuse to do what he says, even as he continues in his light-hearted(?) misogyny. She’s great because she maintains character and strength even though she’s in a weak position, and because, whatever his weaknesses, she loves her husband, as is obvious from her eulogy of Hotspur in Part 2, Act 2, scene 3.
21752	yago	3	89	http://www.shakespeareances.com/willpower/onstage/Henry_IV_1-14-SWS18.html	en	Shakespeareances.com: Henry IV, Part One, Southwest Shakespeare Company			[ "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/shakespeareanceslogo006purple.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/shakespearecaricature-2purple.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/onstagebar.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/Canonbox.png", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/f_logo.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/SWS-HenryIV-1.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/SWS-HenryIV-4.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/SWS-HenryIV-5.jpg", "http://www.shakespeareances.com/shakespeareancesimages/Twitter_Logo_Blue.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Henry IV, Part One The Bling's the Thing Southwest Shakespeare Company, Nesbitt/Elliott Playhouse, Mesa Arts Center, Mesa, Arizona Friday, March 30, 2018, D–10 (center amphitheater) Directed by Asia Osborne Prince Hal (Tony Latham) is thrown into the throne by his father, King Henry IV (Eric Schoen) in the Southwest Shakespeare Company's production of William Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part One. Scenic Designer Tiana Torrilhon designed the throne, emulating that of Game of Thrones but using spears instead of swords, and deliberately sized to fit only Henry. Photo by Laura Durant, Southwest Shakespeare Company. When Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his rights to the Duchy of Lancaster in England (recounted in William Shakespeare's play Richard II), he went further and ended up deposing Richard, becoming King Henry IV, and getting his own Shakespeare play (two of them, in fact). As Duke of Lancaster, Henry would have been one of the wealthiest men in all of Europe; instead, he became king of a bankrupt country. "It's perceived power," says Susan Willis, dramaturg for the Alabama Shakespeare Festival. She is here in Mesa, Arizona, to lead a seminar in conjunction with Southwest Shakespeare Company's production of Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part One. "And a nice piece of head jewelry comes with it. It's all about the bling." That bling and a throne recognizable to Game of Thrones fans are centerpiece props in SW Shakespeare's production. The throne, by Scenic Designer Tiana Torrilhon, comprises spears (rather than swords) with a shield-and-swords crest on the seat back and medieval helmets on the armrests. It sits at the back of a multilevel raked platform and rotates to serve as an innocuous bundle of sticks at the back of the Eastcheap tavern scenes. Ragged banners hang from the ceiling, the lighting giving them different qualities depending on the scene's setting: court, tavern, battlefield. Director Asia Osborne opens the play with abbreviated scenes from Richard II of Henry (Eric Schoen) receiving the crown from Richard (Seth Scott). "Part of your cares you give me with your crown," Henry says. Schoen is a man of vigor and virility in these brief moments, but as he places the crown on his head, his shoulders bow into a perpetual slump and his knees buckle ever so slightly. In this posture he speaks the opening lines of his eponymous play with entrenched weariness: "So shaken as we are, so wan with care…" Henry's not having much fun being king, it seems; far more fun is vying for the crown, awaiting the crown, or manipulating crowns as, respectively, Harry "Hotspur" Percy, Prince Hal, and Falstaff are doing. Osborne gives equal weight to all four characters in a production that sets out to balance the play's comic and dramatic elements. The court scenes are steadily serious and static while the tavern scenes and Gads Hill robbery feature double doses of slapstick centered on Falstaff's cronies. James Cougar Canfield is a stiffly formal Blunt and a silly, insecure Bardolph who, with each insult, runs crying to the bosom of Mistress Quickly (Megan Lindsay, who also plays Worcester). Alexis Baigue is an inept Gadshill and a 93-octane-testosterone-fueled Douglas. Scott, in addition to his brief play-opening appearance as Richard resembling Jesus on trial, plays a mellow Mortimer and an electric-bass-playing, easily frightened Peto (personal shout-out to Scott's Peto playing the opening riff of Jethro Tull's "Aqualung" on his bass, kicking a pillow off a chair to place his foot on the seat a la Ian Anderson's one-legged flute playing). The play's two tonal strands merge in the final scenes when Falstaff (Keath Hall) and cronies become part of Henry's and Hal's armies in the battle against the rebels. Falstaff tellingly enters through the audience (aka, his army) fast-marching to a jody trailed by Bardolph mangling the jody verses: both end up on stage shuffling to "Boom, chucka-lucka-lucka, Boom, chucka-lucka-lucka." Comedy and tragedy literally crash into each other at the play's climactic moment when Hotspur has Hal down in their fight and Falstaff runs on to distract Hotspur, accompanying his lines "Well said, Hal! To it Hal!" with lewd dancing, giving Hal time to pull out a hidden dagger and stab Hotspur. A few moments later, Falstaff struggles to carry off the body of Hotspur, whom he will claim to have killed himself. The quick and the dead appear to be in a sexual tumble and roll when Hal re-enters with the Duke of Lancaster (regendered as Princess Joan, played by Bonnie Beus Romney). Though he's playing a dead Hotspur, Joshua Murphy gives one of the most generous peformances in this scene I've witnessed. In other scenes, where Shakespeare himself straddles genres, textual cuts leave us wanting. Hotspur's reading the letter from the "dish of skim milk" in Act II, Scene 3, is totally excised, though the scene's tête-à- tête with Lady Hotspur (Hilary Kelman) remains—and played with intense bipolar sexuality. In the rebels' war council in Wales, with its manhood-measuring face-off between Hotspur and Glendower (Canfield), what should be serious business Shakespeare presents as one of his funniest scenes in the canon. This production lines it up as Canfield, wearing robes and hat covered in greenery and pine needles, plays Glendower with over-the-top grandiosity, describing his ordained singularity and magical capabilities, opposite Murphy's impatient, no-nonsense Hotspur. We have the makings for a hilarious rave-up, but their contention leaves off as soon as it begins. Upon Glendower claiming he "can call spirits from the vasty deep" and Hotspur replying "so can I, or so can any man, but will they come when you do call for them?" the two laugh and start talking business. Gone are their silly arguments over how to shame the devil, over Glendower's military prowess and English-speaking abilities, and over changing the course of the River Trent—some 70 lines of lost potential from these two actors. This scene does yet deliver some richly theatrical moments, both grand and subtle. As the wives are brought on stage, Glendower's daughter, Lady Mortimer (Romney speaking, reportedly, accurate Welsh), shoves aside Lady Percy to get to her husband, Mortimer; Lady Percy subsequently tells Hotspur, who keeps interrupting Lady Mortimer's singing, "Wouldst thou have thy head broken?" which obviously is a valid warning. Meanwhile, Glendower's announcing that his daughter will sing sends Lindsay's Worcester in earnest search of a drink. Lady Mortimer never gets to start her song, however: Hotspur constantly cuts her off, and when he leaves in a huff, the other warriors follow, leaving the two wives alone on stage. Romney's Lady Mortimer begins singing, in English, "Stand in That River": "I went to the river / But the river was dry / The dust strolled up / Into my eyes / I was blinded by / A sorrow so deep / That I might lose my soul to keep." Romney is joined in song first by Kelman and then, one by one, the rest of the cast forming a line near the front of the stage. Falstaff walks on, passes through the line, and strolls off. When Henry enters, the line parts to allow him through. Then, sauntering in from the other side and slipping through the chorus is Tony Latham's Prince Hal, who stands opposite his father. "Lords, give us leave," Henry says, the first line in the next scene but here cueing a blackout and intermission. The play's second half begins with this tableaux, Henry repeats the line, the chorus departs, and the father-son reckoning scene gets under way. Osborne and company are ever-aware of this particular play's place in the context of Shakespeare's second Henriad tetralogy: Richard II, the two parts of Henry IV, and Henry V. "It is in Henry IV, Part One, that we see the first glimpses of what Hal might be like as a ruler," Osborne writes in her program notes: "a king who can combine the stubborn pragmatism of his father, Henry, with the roguish charm learned from his second father, Falstaff. To ascend the throne, Hal has to renounce Falstaff and everything he represents. In this production, we've tried to indicate the cost to Hal and Falstaff of this renunciation, which ultimately allows Hal to transform into Henry V." In red leather pants and jacket, the latter with cross-stitch patterns and a rope belt, Latham plays Hal with stand-up-comic casualness, taking a laissez-faire approach to his royal role and destiny. His “I know you all” soliloquy carries no more weight than the oblivious cockiness of a 20-something who's enjoying the party knowing he will succeed big time when called to his destiny. The first manifestation of that destiny comes at an unexpected moment: when he and Falstaff are in the tavern play-acting the upcoming meeting Hal is to have with his father. With Falstaff as Henry and Hal as himself, the Prince is all lark. When they switch roles and Hal starts playing his father, he begins to see Falstaff through the king’s eyes. The first half of his rant, insulting Falstaff about his age and heft, he plays for fun, leaving the tavern crowd, and Falstaff, too, in gut-busting laughter. By the time Hal gets to the end of this speech—"Wherein cunning, but in craft? Wherein crafty, but in villainy? Wherein villainous, but in all things? Wherein worthy, but in nothing?"—the prince has turned seriously introspective, Falstaff uncomfortable, and the tavern crowd quiet. In his subsequent scene with his father, Latham gives a confident smirk to Hal's retort that "I may, for some things true, wherein my youth hath faulty wand'red and irregular, find pardon on my true submission." Henry meets this with "Heaven pardon thee!"—dad certainly doesn't intend to pardon him—which surprises the son. Hal might not be certain how to respond to the political spin his father lays on him in this scene, but then Henry grabs him and spins him into the throne. Deliberately designed to be oversized, the throne makes Latham's Hal look like a child in a booster seat, toes barely scraping the stage. It's a pivotal moment for this production, leading to Hal's angry outburst that he has long intended to redeem himself on Hotspur's head. The scene attains a powerful climax, however, with Latham's reading of Hal's last lines: "If not, the end of life cancels all bonds; and I will die a hundred thousand deaths ere break the smallest parcel of this vow." Latham's tone is resignation. He'll fight to fulfill his destiny, but if he dies, all he has to lose is the debt he never promised. Hal is still playful with Falstaff in later scenes, but a telling moment comes when, after the royal party's parley with the rebel leaders, Falstaff tosses an apple to Hal, who, in perfect sync with his old friend, catches it with a giggle—then notices the king's watching him. Hal tosses the apple back to Falstaff and strolls off after his father. In a production set in medieval times, Costume Designer Maci Hosler has dressed Falstaff in a stained t-shirt, yellow-striped baggy pants, too-small brown vest, and boots that look like upside-down leather buckets. With a full beard edged in gray and a clown tuft of hair on an otherwise bald skull, Hall's Falstaff looks like something out of a poor man's production of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado. When he goes to war, he dons a helmet with deer antlers sticking out (wink, wink). The ridiculous outfit belies a portrayal of Falstaff grounded in the character's superior intelligence. Hall's Falstaff sees Hal as his only equal in wit and enters their insult battles with relish. Falstaff's religious underpinnings also emerge in Hall's performance. The scoundrel famously references Scripture for his own purposes, but Hall's Falstaff also engages in one-on-one conversations with God—albeit, his God is just another confidante of his own kind. Hall doesn't dampen Falstaff's amorality; in fact, he intensifies it to a degree I've seldom seen. Upon coming upon the dead Blunt on the battlefield, this Falstaff steals the ring off the corpse's finger. He even turns our complicity in his behavior upon ourselves. Remember that he enters for war through the audience; he reveals in soliloquy how he traded conscriptions for "three hundred and odd pounds" of cash and then drafted "such a commodity of warm slaves" for his army, and the houselights come up on the audience. We are that army, being subjected to the astonished scrutiny of Hal when he enters the scene and says, "I did never see such pitiful rascals." I've seen this scene staged this way before (it's always effective), but Osborne stages a counterpoint to this moment a couple of scenes later as Murphy's Hotspur addresses his pep talk to us as his army. We are left to choose between Hotspur, who calls us "fellows, soldiers—friends" and encourages us to "live to tread on kings," and Falstaff, who calls us "food for powder" capable of "fill[ing] a pit as well as better." This Hotspur is having as much fun (and showing as much immaturity) as Hal is, but in the way of war and honor rather than drinking and bonhomie. "By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap, to pluck bright honor from the pale-faced moon, or dive into the bottom of the deep, where fathom-line could never touch the ground, and pluck up drowned honor by the locks," he says like a gung-ho quarterback in a cheer huddle or a gamer grabbing hold of his PlayStation controller. Like Hal, Hotspur shifts away from his father to a surrogage, except that in this production, his father and uncle, Northumberland and Worcester, have been regendered as his mother (Libby Mueller) and aunt. Murphy's Hotspur clearly has a more respectful, affectionate relationship with Lindsay's Worcester than with Northumberland. Both elders also give hints of their own destinies in their first appearances, Act I, Scene 3, when Worcester reveals the conspiracy to mother and son. In her zeal, Lindsay's Worcester sits on the throne (it's too large for her, too) to the admiring shock of Hotspur but the consternation of Mueller's Northumberland. At scene's end, Northumberland exits first and with a tone of disinterest, a foreboding of her later disassociation with the rebellion. Regendering Worcester and Northumberland (plus Prince John and Westmorland), with pronoun and title changes, may not match the historical setting, but it in no way interferes with the play's plot, including the battle scenes. In fact, it allows for a meaningful double performance from Kelman, first as Lady Percy, and then as Vernon. The former has the heart of a warior. As Vernon, Kelman wears a determined bearing that matches the Douglas's while endowed with common sense: a woman's common sense. Hotspur and Douglas want to attack the king's forces immediately while "Aunt" Worcester and Vernon counsel patience. Says Vernon: "I wonder much, being men of such great leading as you are, that you foresee not what impediments drag back our expedition." Kelman displays great dexterity with Shakespeare's verse, as when her Vernon gives a stirring description of Hal mounting his horse and, later, issuing the single combat challenge with Hotspur. "Cousin, I think thou art enamourèd on his follies," Hotspur says, his tone suggesting, being as how Vernon is a woman, she has a secret crush on the prince. Kelman's Vernon, being a woman, replies with an eye-rolling expression that suggests, with much visual volume, what a typically stupid guy thing to say. Osborne and Fight Choreographer Randy Messersmith stage the Battle of Shrewsbury with fascinating theatricality. The Percy forces in black line up on one side of the stage opposite the King's forces in royal crest vests. The battle opens with a realistic volley of longbow strikes by the Percys (this is historical—a large portion of Henry's army was wiped out by such a barrage, a tactic Prince Hal witnessed and, as King Henry V, used at Agincourt). As the fighting continues, the sides begin to blend: We see a Percy fighting a Percy and a rebel fighting alongside Hal, all at varying speeds. The dead rise and walk unexpressively off the stage and return as new forces. Confusing? Yes, but such is the chaos of battle. People kill and die with volume. Douglas does in Blunt with three thrusts of three different blades, two from behind: a torturous death, the killer and killed both roaring at full lung power with each thrust, prompting an "eeewwwww" from someone in the audience. Then there's the emotional toll, represented by Worcester seeing the dead Hotspur and, emitting an anguished scream, cradling his body. The rest is denouement; well, not exactly. As Hal joins with his father and Princess Joan in victory, Falstaff down in front of the stage whistles to the prince. Just like old times. Latham's Hal glances at Falstaff then looks back to his real father. Old times are over. Strewn on the floor are four swords, one axe, one shield, one mace, one antler-topped helmet, and a half-eaten apple—the carnage of war. Is this any way to decide a nation's destiny, what Hotspur himself calls "the chance of war"? Or is destiny deciding itself? Of the four principals of this play, only one is not only capable but ready to wear the crown: Hal. We sense he will do so without his shoulders weighed down with care.
21752	yago	1	69	http://www.airgale.com.au/rollo-de-normandie/d16.htm	en	The Descendants of Rollo of Normandie, born 846 in Scandanavia			[ "http://www.airgale.com.au/rollo-de-normandie/castle.gif", "http://www.airgale.com.au/rollo-de-normandie/prev.jpg", "http://www.airgale.com.au/rollo-de-normandie/next.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	16th Generation 631. Edmund BELL [102113] (George BELL519, Alexander BELL435, Edmund BELL333, Alexander BELL265, Selim BELL198, Almeric BELL150, Hubert BELL117, Rosabella63, Princess Of England Constance de NORMANDIE46, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1374. Edmund married Harriett Maria LYONS [102114] in 1403. Children from this marriage were: 716 i. Robert BELL [102234] . (Infant Death) 717 ii. Reginald BELL [102235] . (Died young) 718 iii. Peter BELL [102236] . (Died young) 719 iv. Walter BELL [102237] . General Notes: Walter died at Age 22 Years. + 720 v. Edmund BELL [102111] was born in 1448. 721 vi. Sophie BELL [102238] . (Died young) 632. Lord Henry PERCY 3rd Baron Alnwick [122004] (Lord Henry de PERCY 2nd Baron of Alnwick534, Lord Henry de PERCY 1st Baron of Alnwick445, Eleanor de WARENNE350, 6th Earl John de WARENNE of Surrey276, William IV PLANTAGENET Earl Of Warenne210, Isabel de WARENNE161, William de WARENNE 4th Earl of Surrey131, William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey77, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE48, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1322 and died on 17 Jun 1368 aged about 46. Henry married Mary de LANCASTER [122089]. Mary was born about 1320 and died in 1362 aged about 42. (Duplicate Line. See Person 491) 635. Maud PERCY [121912] (Lord Henry de PERCY 2nd Baron of Alnwick534, Lord Henry de PERCY 1st Baron of Alnwick445, Eleanor de WARENNE350, 6th Earl John de WARENNE of Surrey276, William IV PLANTAGENET Earl Of Warenne210, Isabel de WARENNE161, William de WARENNE 4th Earl of Surrey131, William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey77, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE48, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) died before 18 Feb 1379. Maud married 3rd Baron John de NEVILLE of Raby [121990] before 1362. John was born in 1337 in Raby Castle Staindrop Co. Durham England and died on 17 Oct 1388 at age 51. Children from this marriage were: + 722 i. 1st Earl Ralph NEVILLE of Westmorland [82234] was born in 1364 and died on 21 Oct 1425 at age 61. 723 ii. 5th Baron Thomas de NEVILLE Furnival [122020] . Thomas married Joan FURNIVAL [122021]. 724 iii. Alice de NEVILLE [122022] . Alice married 3rd Baron William de DEINCOURT Deincourt [122023]. 725 iv. Maud de NEVILLE [122024] . 726 v. Idonie de NEVILLE [122025] . 727 vi. Eleanor de NEVILLE [122026] . Eleanor married 1st Baron Ralph de LUMLEY Lumley [122027]. 728 vii. Elizabeh de NEVILLE [122028] . 641. Elizabeth de MEINILL [121863] (Alice ROS541, 1st Baron William de ROS of Helmsley447, Sir Robert de ROS Lord of Belvoir351, Lord William de ROS of Helmsley277, Isabel MacWILLIAM of Scotland211, King William "the Lion" MAC EANRIC of the Scots164, Countess Ada de WARRENE of Huntingdon132, William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey77, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE48, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). Elizabeth married Lord John DARCY of Knaith [121862]. John died about 1356. The child from this marriage was: + 729 i. Lord Phillip DARCY of Mennell [121809] died about 1399. 643. FITZGERALD 3rd Earl of Kildare [82209] (Lady Joan de BURGH548, Margaret de BURGH458, Cecilia de BALLIOL376, Dervorguilla de GALLOWAY284, Margaret HUNTINGDON214, 8th Earl David HUNTINGDON of Huntingdon168, Countess Ada de WARRENE of Huntingdon132, William II de WARRENE 3rd Earl of Surrey77, Princess Of England Gundred de NORMANDIE48, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). FITZGERALD married someone. His child was: + 730 i. Maurice FITZGERALD 4th Earl of Kildare [82207] . 645. 2nd Earl Hugh STAFFORD of Stafford [120411] (Countess Margaret AUDLEY de Stafford550, Countess Margaret de CLARE of Cornwall & Gloucester461, Countess Joan PLANTAGENET of Gloucester & Hertford386, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1336 and died on 16 Oct 1386 aged about 50. Hugh married Philippa BEAUCHAMP [120412]. The child from this marriage was: + 731 i. Margaret STAFFORD [120410] was born about 1364 and died on 9 Jun 1396 aged about 32. 646. Elizabeth STAFFORD [122051] (Countess Margaret AUDLEY de Stafford550, Countess Margaret de CLARE of Cornwall & Gloucester461, Countess Joan PLANTAGENET of Gloucester & Hertford386, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1340 and died on 7 Aug 1375 aged about 35. Elizabeth married Fulk le STRANGE [122233]. Elizabeth next married 4th Baron John de FERRERS Chartley [122050]. John was born about 1331 in Southhoe Huntingdonshire England and died on 3 Apr 1367 in Castille Spain aged about 36. General Notes: Wilipedia says: John de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (c. 1331 \endash 3 April 1367) was the son of Robert de Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Chartley and a woman named Margaret.[1] John de Ferrers was born in Southhoe, Huntingdonshire. He inherited the title of Baron Ferrers of Chartley upon his father's death in 1350 but was never summoned to parliament. Despite his youth, John fought in Gascony for Edward III in 1345 and married Elizabeth de Stafford (1342 \endash 7 August 1375) - widow of Fulk le Strange (Baron Strange) and daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret de Audley, a daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester. The couple had one son, Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. John de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley died on 3 April 1367 at the Battle of Nájera in Castile Noted events in his life were: Death: at the Battle of Najera, 3 Apr 1367, Castille Spain. The child from this marriage was: 732 i. 5th Baron Robert de FERRERS Chartley [122053] was born in 1358, died in 1413 at age 55, and was buried in Merevale Abbey Warwickshire England. General Notes: Wikipedia says: Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (c. 1358 \endash 1413) was the son of John de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley and Elizabeth de Stafford, a daughter of Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret de Audley. He inherited the title of Baron Ferrers of Chartley upon his father's death at the Battle of Nájera on 3 April 1367 but was never summoned to parliament. Robert married Margaret Le Despenser (born around 1360) a daughter of Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer, KG, and Lady Elizabeth Burghersh. The couple had one son Edmund, who became Edmund de Ferrers, 6th Baron Ferrers of Chartley upon the death of his father around 1412, and one daughter Philippe, who married Sir Thomas Greene, Sheriff of Northamptonshire (10 February 1399 \endash 18 January 1462), by whom she was the grandmother of Sir Thomas Green. Philippe and Sir Thomas are ancestors to Queen consort Catherine Parr, the last wife of King Henry VIII.[1] Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley died sometime around 1413 and is buried at Merevale Abbey in Warwickshire. Robert married Margaret le DESPENSER [122054]. Margaret was born about 1360 and died on 3 Nov 1415 aged about 55. Elizabeth next married 4th Baron Reginald de COBHAM Cobham [122234]. 650. Earl [3rd] James BUTLER of Ormonde [120900] (Earl [2nd] James BUTLER of Ormonde551, Countess Eleanor de BOHUN of Ormonde469, Princess Elizabeth PLANTAGENET of Rhuddlan391, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1359 and died on 7 Sep 1405 in Gowran Castle Gowran Co. Kilkenny Ireland aged about 46. General Notes: Wikipedia says of James, James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond (c. 1359 \endash 7 September 1405), was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland. He acceded to the title in 1382 and built Gowran Castle three years later in 1385 close to the centre of Gowran, making it his usual residence, whence his common epithet, The Earl of Gowran. James died in Gowran Castle in 1405 and is buried in St. Mary's Collegiate Church Gowran together with his father James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond, his grandfather James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond and his great great grandfather Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick and 6th Chief Butler of Ireland.[1] James the 2nd Earl was usually called The Noble Earl, being a great-grandson, through his mother, Eleanor de Bohun, of King Edward I of England. In 1391 he purchased Kilkenny Castle from the Despencer family.[2][3] He also built the castle of Dunfert (also called Danefort) and in 1386 founded a Friary of minorities at Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.[4] In 1384 he was deputy to Sir Philip Courtenay, the then Lieutenant of Ireland, who was the nephew of the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Courtenay. The two men for a time were united in opposition to Robert Wikeford, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, who resented the Butler dynasty's power and influence. Butler's title was Governor of Ireland. A rift occurred between them over the disagreement between the Archbishop of Canterbury and Richard II with Butler taking the side of the latter. Insurrection followed which prompted Richard II to an expedition under the banner of his close friend Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland to quell it. This enterprise was led by Sir John Stanley who was accompanied by Bishop Alexander de Balscot of Meath and Sir Robert Crull.[5] Butler joined them upon their arrival in Ireland. The result of its success was Stanley's appointment as Lieutenant of Ireland, Bishop Alexander as chancellor, Crull as treasurer, and Butler again as governor.[6] On 25 July 1392, he was appointed Lord Justice of Ireland as he was again in 1401. On the departure of Sir Stephen Scrope to England on 26 October 1404, by commission, dated at Carlow, 12 February 1388-9, he was appointed keeper of the peace and governor of counties Kilkenny and Tipperary. He was vested with full power to treat with, to execute, to protect, and to give safe conduct to any rebels, etc. In 1397 he assisted Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, the Lord Lieutenant, against O Brien, and in 1390 took prisoner Teige O Carrol, Prince of Elye. James married Countess Anne WELLES of Ormond [120904] about 1386. Anne was born in 1360 in Grainsby Lincolnshire England and died on 13 Nov 1397 at age 37. General Notes: Wikipedia says of Anne, Anne Butler, Countess of Ormond (née Welles; 1360 \endash 13 November 1397), was the first wife of Irish noble James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond, and the mother of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond. She was the first countess of Ormond to live at Kilkenny Castle, Ireland. Anne Welles was born in Grainsby, Lincolnshire, England in 1360, the daughter of John de Welles, 4th Baron Welles (23 August 1334 \endash 11 October 1361) and Maud de Ros (died 9 December 1388). She had an elder brother John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles (born 20 April 1352), who married Eleanor de Mowbray, by whom he had issue. She had a sister Margery de Welles, who married firstly, John de Huntingfield, 1st Baron Huntingfield and secondly, Stephen Scrope, 2nd Baron Scrope of Masham.[citation needed] Her paternal grandparents were Sir Adam de Welles, 3rd Baron Welles and Margaret Bardolf, and her maternal grandparents were William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros and Margery Badlesmere, the eldest daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare Children from this marriage were: 733 i. Anne BUTLER [120908] . Anne married John WOGAN [120909]. + 734 ii. Earl [4th] James BUTLER of Ormond [120907] was born on 23 May 1393 in Kilkenny Castle Co. Kilkenny Ireland and died on 23 Aug 1452 in Dublin Co. Dublin Ireland at age 59. 735 iii. Sir Richard BUTLER of Poulstown [120910] was born in 1395. Richard married Catherine O'REILLY [120911]. James next married Katherine FITZGERALD of Desmond [120912] in 1399. 657. Elizabeth FITZALAN [81796] (Elizabeth de BOHUN553, William de BOHUN Earl of Northampton472, Princess Elizabeth PLANTAGENET of Rhuddlan391, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1366 and died in 1425 at age 59. Another name for Elizabeth was Ellin FITZALAN. Elizabeth married Sir Robert GOUSHILL of Hoveringham [81797]. Robert was born in 1350 and died in 1404 at age 54. The child from this marriage was: + 736 i. Joan GOUSHILL [81798] was born in 1409 and died in 1449 at age 40. 658. 5th Countess Philippa PLANTAGENET of Ulster [124066] (1st Duke Lionel [of Antwerp] PLANTAGENET of Clarence558, King Edward III PLANTAGENET Of England478, King Edward II PLANTAGENET Of England392, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 16 Aug 1355 in Eltham Kent England and died on 5 Jan 1382 in Cork Co. Cork Munster Ireland at age 26. Noted events in her life were: Birth: at Eltham Palace, 16 Aug 1355, Eltham Kent England. Philippa married Sir Edmund "the Good" de MORTIMER 3rd Earl of March [124053]. Edmund was born on 1 Feb 1351 in Llyswen Breconshire Wales and died on 27 Dec 1381 in Cork Co. Cork Munster Ireland at age 30. Children from this marriage were: 737 i. Anne MORTIMER [124080] was born about 1370. + 738 ii. Baroness Elizabeth MORTIMER Camoys [124052] was born on 12 Feb 1371 in Usk Monmouthshire Wales and died on 20 Apr 1417 in King's Stanley Gloucestershire England at age 46. 739 iii. Lady Joan MORTIMER [124079] was born in 1372 in Usk Monmouthshire Wales and died on 8 Oct 1405 in Lenn Wiltshire England at age 33. 740 iv. 4th Earl Roger de MORTIMER of March [124076] was born on 11 Apr 1374 in Usk Monmouthshire Wales and died on 20 Jul 1398 in Kells Co. Meath Ireland at age 24. 741 v. Philippa de MORTIMER [124077] was born on 21 Nov 1375 in Ludlow Shropshire England and died on 24 Sep 1401 in Halnaker Sussex England at age 25. 742 vi. Sir Edmund MORTIMER [124078] was born about 9 Nov 1376 in Ludlow Shropshire England and died on 13 May 1411 in Harlech Merionethshire Wales aged about 34. 743 vii. Sir John MORTIMER [124081] was born in 1378 in Wigmore Kent England and died in 1424 at age 46. The cause of his death was Executed for Treason. 744 viii. George MORTIMER [124082] . 670. Joan de BEAUFORT [82235] (1st Duke John [of Gaunt] PLANTAGENET of Lancaster559, King Edward III PLANTAGENET Of England478, King Edward II PLANTAGENET Of England392, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1379 and died in 1440 at age 61. Joan married 2nd Baron Robert FERRERS Ferrers de Wemme [121813]. Children from this marriage were: + 745 i. Elizabeth FERRERS [121790] was born in 1393 and died in 1434 at age 41. 746 ii. Mary FERRERS [121921] . Mary married Sir Ralph NEVILLE of Westmoreland [120353]. Ralph died on 25 Feb 1458. Joan next married 1st Earl Ralph NEVILLE of Westmorland [82234] before 29 Nov 1396 in Château de Beaufort Maine-et-Loire Anjou France. Ralph was born in 1364 and died on 21 Oct 1425 at age 61. Children from this marriage were: 747 i. Katherine NEVILLE [121924] was born about 1397 and died about 1483 aged about 86. Katherine married 2nd Duke John de MOWBRAY of Norfolk [121925] on 12 Jan 1411. Katherine next married Sir Thomas STRANGWAYS [121926]. Katherine next married 1st Viscount John BEAUMONT Beaumont [121927]. Katherine next married Sir John WOODVILLE [121928]. John died on 12 Aug 1469. + 748 ii. Countess Eleanor NEVILLE of Northumberland [121929] was born in 1397 in Raby Co. Durham England and died on 11 Aug 1472 in Alnwick Northumberland England at age 75. + 749 iii. 5th Earl Richard NEVILLE of Salisbury [82232] was born in 1399 and died in 1460 at age 61. 750 iv. Henry NEVILLE [121934] was born about 1402. 751 v. Bishop Robert NEVILLE of Salisbury & Durham [121935] was born in 1404 and died in 1457 at age 53. 752 vi. 1st Earl William NEVILLE of Kent [121936] was born in 1405 and died in 1463 at age 58. 753 vii. John NEVILLE [121937] was born about 1406. 754 viii. ist Baron George NEVILLE Latimer [121938] was born about 1407 and died in 1469 aged about 62. 755 ix. Anne NEVILLE [121939] was born about 1408 and died in 1480 aged about 72. Anne married 1st Duke Humphrey STAFFORD of Buckingham [121940]. Anne next married 1st Baron Walter BLOUNT Mountjoy [121941]. 756 x. Thomas NEVILLE [121942] was born about 1410. 757 xi. Cuthbert NEVILLE [121943] was born about 1411. 758 xii. Joan NEVILLE [121944] was born about 1412 and died in 1453 aged about 41. 759 xiii. 3rd Baron Edward NEVILLE Bergavenny [121945] was born about 1414 and died in 1476 aged about 62. + 760 xiv. Cecily NEVILLE [39434] was born in 1415 and died in 1495 at age 80. 672. Lady Anne PLANTAGENET Of Gloucester [35188] (1st Duke Thomas [of Woodstock] PLANTAGENET of Gloucester566, King Edward III PLANTAGENET Of England478, King Edward II PLANTAGENET Of England392, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in Apr 1383, died on 16 Oct 1438 at age 55, and was buried in Llanthony Priory Monmouthshire Wales. Anne married Sir William BOURCHIER [35191]. The child from this marriage was: + 761 i. Sir John BOURCHIER [35192] was born about 1415 and died in 1474 aged about 59. 675. Lady Joan de MOWBRAY [120395] (Baroness Elizabeth de SEGRAVE568, Duchess Margaret PLANTAGENET of Norfolk483, 1st Earl Thomas PLANTAGENET of Norfolk393, King Edward I PLANTAGENET Of England286, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). Another name for Joan is Lady Catherine de MOWBRAY. Joan married Sir Thomas GREY of Heaton [120318]. Thomas was born in 1359 and died on 26 Nov 1400 at age 41. Children from this marriage were: 762 i. 1st Earl John GREY of Tankerville & 6th Lord Powys [120405] . 763 ii. William GREY [120406] . 764 iii. Henry GREY [120407] . + 765 iv. Maud GREY [120316] was born in 1382 in Wark on Tweed Northumberland England and died on 21 Aug 1451 in Redesdale Northumberland England at age 69. + 766 v. Sir Thomas GREY of Heton [120404] was born on 30 Nov 1384 in Alnwick Northumberland England and died on 2 Aug 1415 at age 30. 677. Joan LA WARRE [49538] (Eleanor MOWBRAY576, Joan de LANCASTER488, Henry PLANTAGENET 3rd Earl of Lancaster396, Edmund PLANTAGENET 1st Earl of Lancaster287, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). Joan married Sir Thomas WEST [49539]. The child from this marriage was: + 767 i. Reynold WEST 6th Baron la Warre [49540] . 680. Sir John BEAUMONT 4th Baronet Beaumont, K.G. P.C. [120688] (Sir Henry BEAUMONT 3rd Baronet Beaumont578, Lady Eleanor de LANCASTER Countess of Arundel & Warenne490, Henry PLANTAGENET 3rd Earl of Lancaster396, Edmund PLANTAGENET 1st Earl of Lancaster287, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1361 in Folkingham Lincolnshire England. Noted events in his life were: Birth: Falkingham [or Folkingham] Castle, 1361, Folkingham Lincolnshire England. Appointment: Constable of Dover Castle, 1392, Dover Kent England. Appointment: Ambassador to France, 1395. Knighted: 1396. John married Catherine de EVERINGHAM Baroness Beaumont [120689]. Children from this marriage were: 768 i. Sir Henry BEAUMONT 5th Baronet Beaumont [120691] was born in 1380 in Folkingham Lincolnshire England. + 769 ii. Sir Thomas BEAUMONT Seigneur de Basqueville [120684] . 770 iii. Richard BEAUMONT of Whitley Hall [120692] . 771 iv. Eleanor de BEAUMONT [120693] . 772 v. Elizabeth de BEAUMONT Baroness Botreaux [120694] . 683. Elizabeth HOLLAND [121915] (Lady Alice FITZALAN583, Lady Eleanor de LANCASTER Countess of Arundel & Warenne490, Henry PLANTAGENET 3rd Earl of Lancaster396, Edmund PLANTAGENET 1st Earl of Lancaster287, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). Elizabeth married Sir John NEVILLE [120413]. John was born about 1387 and died before May 1420. Children from this marriage were: 773 i. 2nd Earl Ralph NEVILLE of Westmoreland [121917] was born in 1406 and died in 1484 at age 78. 774 ii. Baron John NEVILLE Neville [121918] . 775 iii. Margaret NEVILLE [121920] was born about 1408 and died before 1434. 776 iv. Sir Thomas NEVILLE [121919] was born before 20 May 1420 and died in 1459. 685. Sir Henry "Hotspur" PERCY [124051] (1st Earl Henry PERCY of Northumberland & 4th of Alnwick586, Mary de LANCASTER491, Henry PLANTAGENET 3rd Earl of Lancaster396, Edmund PLANTAGENET 1st Earl of Lancaster287, King Henry III PLANTAGENET Of England225, John PLANTAGENET King Of England178, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 20 May 1364 in Alnwick Northumberland England and died on 21 Jul 1403 in Shrewsbury Shropshire England at age 39. General Notes: Wikipedia says of Sir Henry, amongst much more, Sir Henry Percy KG (20 May 1364 \endash 21 July 1403), nicknamed Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hotspur" was given to him by the Scots[citation needed] as a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack. The heir to a leading noble family in northern England, Hotspur was one of the earliest and prime movers behind the deposition of King Richard II in favour of Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. He later fell out with the new regime and rebelled, being slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 at the height of his fame. Noted events in his life were: Birth: at Warkworth Castle, 20 May 1364, Alnwick Northumberland England. Henry married Baroness Elizabeth MORTIMER Camoys [124052]. Elizabeth was born on 12 Feb 1371 in Usk Monmouthshire Wales and died on 20 Apr 1417 in King's Stanley Gloucestershire England at age 46. Children from this marriage were: 777 i. Countess Elizabeth PERCY of Westmoreland [124083] was born about Feb 1390 in Alnwick Northumberland England and died on 26 Oct 1437 in Staindrop Co. Durham England aged about 47. Elizabeth married 7th Baron John de CLIFFORD Clifford [122034]. John was born on 23 Apr 1389 in Appleby-in-Westmorland Cumberland England and died on 13 Mar 1422 in Meaux Seine-et-Marne Ile-de-France France at age 32. + 778 ii. 2nd Earl Henry PERCY of Northumberland [121932] was born on 3 Feb 1393 in Alnwick Castle Northumberland England and died on 22 May 1455 in St Albans Hertfordshire England at age 62. 692. Sir Roger de MORTIMER 2nd Earl of March, 4th Baron Mortimer [124054] (Elizabeth de BADLESMERE596, Margaret de CLARE501, Julian FITZMAURICE407, Emmaline LONGSPEE306, Earl Stephen de LONGESPEE of Salisbury237, 3rd Earl William LONGESPEE of Salisbury179, King Henry II PLANTAGENET Of England133, Matilda BEAUCLERC Empress Of Germany79, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 11 Nov 1328 in Ludlow Herefordshire England and died on 26 Feb 1360 in Rouvray Côte-d'Or Bourgogne-Franche-Comté France at age 31. Noted events in his life were: Birth: at Ludlow Castle, 11 Nov 1328, Ludlow Herefordshire England. Roger married Countess Philippa de MONTAGU of March [124058]. Philippa was born about 1332 in Salisbury Wiltshire England and died on 5 Jan 1382 in Bisham Berkshire England aged about 50. Children from this marriage were: + 779 i. Sir Edmund "the Good" de MORTIMER 3rd Earl of March [124053] was born on 1 Feb 1351 in Llyswen Breconshire Wales and died on 27 Dec 1381 in Cork Co. Cork Munster Ireland at age 30. 780 ii. Baroness Margery de MORTIMER of Markeaton [124059] was born in 1352 in Wigmore Herefordshire England and died on 3 Nov 1405 in Madeley Staffordshire England at age 53. 781 iii. Beatrice de MORTIMER [124060] was born in 1355 and died in 1383 at age 28. 696. Isobel ERGADIA [35107] (Jonet ISAAC597, Princess Of Scotland Maud BRUCE502, King Of Scotland Robert I de BRUS408, 3rd Countess Margery of Carrick307, 2nd Earl Niall of Carrick243, Duncan, Earl of CARRICK181, Gilbert GALLOWAY Of Carrick134, Princess Of England Elizabeth BEAUCLERC87, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1362 in Lorn Area Argylshire Scotland and died on 21 Dec 1439 aged about 77. Isobel married John STEWART [35106]. John was born about 1350 in Innermeath and Lorn Argylshire Scotland and died on 26 Apr 1421 aged about 71. The child from this marriage was: + 782 i. Robert STEWART [35104] was born about 1379 in Lorn Area Argylshire Scotland and died before 1449. 697. Alice ASTLEY [35182] (Elizabeth BEAUCHAMP598, Alice de TOENI504, Ralph VII de TOENI409, Roger de TOENI V308, Ralph de TOENI VI244, Constance de BEAUMONT182, Richard de BEAUMONT135, Viscountess Constance Mathilde FITZHENRY de Maine100, Henry I King Of England49, William "The Conqueror" (King Of England)33, Robert I "The Magnificent"20, Richard II10, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1). Alice married Sir Richard CHAMPERNOWNE [35189] about 1381. Richard was born about 1340 and died after 1394. The child from this marriage was: + 783 i. Alexander CHAMPERNOWNE [35190] was born about 1356 and died on 30 Jun 1441 aged about 85. 699. Margaret de NEVILLE [121993] (Alice de AUDLEY606, Isolde de MORTIMER513, 2nd Baron Edmund de MORTIMER of Wigmore421, Baroness Maud Matilda de BRAOSE Mortimer326, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 12 Feb 1329 and died on 12 May 1372 at age 43. Margaret married Lord William ROE of Helmsley [121994] about 1342. Margaret next married 1st Earl Henry PERCY of Northumberland & 4th of Alnwick [121995] in 1358. Henry was born on 10 Nov 1341 and died on 20 Feb 1408 at age 66. General Notes: Wikipedia says of Henry, Henry Percy was originally a follower of Edward III of England, for whom he held high offices in the administration of northern England. At a young age, he was made Warden of the Marches towards Scotland in 1362, with the authority to negotiate with the Scottish government. In February 1367, he was entrusted with the supervision of all castles and fortified places in the Scottish marches. He went on to support King Richard II, was formally created an Earl on Richard's coronation in 1377,[2] and was briefly given the title of Marshal of England. Between 1383 and 1384, he was appointed Admiral of the Northern Seas. After Richard elevated his rival Ralph Neville to the position of Earl of Westmorland in 1397, Percy and his son, also Henry and known as "Hotspur", supported the rebellion of Henry Bolingbroke, who became King as Henry IV. On King Henry IV's coronation, Henry Percy was appointed Constable of England and granted the lordship of the Isle of Man. Percy and Hotspur were given the task of subduing the rebellion of Owain Glyndwr, but their attempts to make peace with the Welsh rebels did not meet with the king's approval. (Duplicate Line. See Person 586) 702. 3rd Baron John de NEVILLE of Raby [121990] (Alice de AUDLEY606, Isolde de MORTIMER513, 2nd Baron Edmund de MORTIMER of Wigmore421, Baroness Maud Matilda de BRAOSE Mortimer326, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1337 in Raby Castle Staindrop Co. Durham England and died on 17 Oct 1388 at age 51. John married Maud PERCY [121912] before 1362. Maud died before 18 Feb 1379. (Duplicate Line. See Person 635) John next married Elizabeth LATIMER [122029] about Oct 1381. Elizabeth died on 5 Nov 1395. Children from this marriage were: 784 i. 6th Baron John de NEVILLE Latimer [122031] was born in 1382 and died on 10 Dec 1430 at age 48. John married Maud CLIFFORD [122032]. The marriage ended in divorce about 1413. Maud died on 26 Aug 1446. + 785 ii. Elizabeth NEVILLE [122035] was born about 1383. 711. 2nd Lord William de GREYSTOKE Greystoke [121838] (Alice de AUDLEY606, Isolde de MORTIMER513, 2nd Baron Edmund de MORTIMER of Wigmore421, Baroness Maud Matilda de BRAOSE Mortimer326, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 6 Jan 1321 and died on 10 Jul 1359 at age 38. William married Joane FITZHUGH [121839]. The child from this marriage was: + 786 i. 3rd Lord Ralph GREYSTOKE Greystoke [121811] was born on 18 Oct 1353 and died on 6 Apr 1418 at age 64. 712. 2nd Earl John HASTINGS of Pembroke [122011] (Countess Agnes MORTIMER of Pembroke616, 1st Earl Roger de MORTIMER of March515, 2nd Baron Edmund de MORTIMER of Wigmore421, Baroness Maud Matilda de BRAOSE Mortimer326, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born on 29 Aug 1347 and died on 16 Apr 1375 at age 27. General Notes: Wikipedia says: John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, KG (29 August 1347 \endash 16 April 1375), was a fourteenth-century English nobleman and soldier. He also held the title Baron Abergavenny. He was born in Sutton Valence, the son of Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and Agnes Mortimer. His father died when John Hastings was only a year old, and he became a ward of King Edward III whilst remaining in his mother's care. The King arranged for John to marry Edward's daughter Margaret in 1359, which drew John into the royal family. However, Margaret died two years later. John Hastings inherited his father's earldom, subsidiary titles and estates in 1368. The same year he made a second marriage, to Anne, daughter of Walter, Lord Mauny. The following year Pembroke commenced the career in royal service that was to consume the rest of his life. The Hundred Years' War had recently reignited in France, and in 1369 Pembroke journeyed to Aquitaine. There he took part in a sequence of raids, sieges, and counter-measures against the French, with both notable successes and failures. The latter were compounded by his apparent inability to work alongside the famed soldier Sir John Chandos, who, although head of the King's forces there, was far below Pembroke in rank. He was, however, far above Pembroke in ability, and his subsequent death led to even more problems for Pembroke in France. A couple of years later, the earl was summoned to parliament and returned to England. There, perhaps exasperated by the political failures of the king's ecclesiastical ministers, he was responsible for forcing them from power and being replaced by laymen. Pembroke was soon to return to France again, for what was to be the last time. In 1372 he set off with a small fleet, intending to raise a new army once in Aquitaine. However, his arrival had been anticipated by the Castilian navy (whose kingdom was then allied to France). Pembroke, outnumbered and outgunned, was forced to fight at the Battle of La Rochelle, where he went down to a crushing defeat. Captured and taken to Castile, he was imprisoned in harsh conditions. It took a further three years for a large ransom to be negotiated, but in 1375, he was finally released. Returning to England through France, he was taken ill near Paris and died before reaching home. He was about 28 years old; his wife survived him, as did a son, born in 1372, whom Pembroke had never seen.[note 1] Also named John, he would eventually inherit the earldom. Pembroke was buried in Hereford in spring 1375. John married Countess Margaret PLANTAGENET of Pembroke [122012]. Margaret was born on 20 Jul 1346 in Windsor Berkshire England and died in Dec 1361 in Spain at age 15. Noted events in her life were: Birth: at Windsor Castle, 20 Jul 1346, Windsor Berkshire England. John next married Annie MAUNY [122009] in 1368. (Duplicate Line. See Person 572) 713. Sir Thomas Mathias de LATHAM [81893] (Eleanor de FERRERS619, 1st Baron John de FERRERS of Chartley516, Countess Alianore de BOHUN of Derby423, Eleanor de BRAOSE327, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born in 1324 and died in 1382 at age 58. Thomas married Joan de VENABLES [81890]. Joan was born in 1328. The child from this marriage was: + 787 i. Isabel de LATHAM [81889] was born in 1355 and died in 1414 at age 59. 715. 4th Baron John de FERRERS Chartley [122050] (3rd Baron Robert de FERRERS of Chartley621, 1st Baron John de FERRERS of Chartley516, Countess Alianore de BOHUN of Derby423, Eleanor de BRAOSE327, Eva MARSHALL260, Countess Isabel de CLARE of Pembroke194, Richard FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (2nd Earl)147, Gilbert FitzGilbert "Strongbow" of Pembroke (1st Earl)114, Gilbert FitzRichard of Clare, Tonbridge & Cardigan (Lord)56, Richard FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge (Lord)37, Gilbert d'Eu (Comte)31, Geoffrey d'Eu and Brionne (Comte)17, Richard I8, William I of Normandy (Duke)6, Rollo1) was born about 1331 in Southhoe Huntingdonshire England and died on 3 Apr 1367 in Castille Spain aged about 36. General Notes: Wilipedia says: John de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (c. 1331 \endash 3 April 1367) was the son of Robert de Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Chartley and a woman named Margaret.[1] John de Ferrers was born in Southhoe, Huntingdonshire. He inherited the title of Baron Ferrers of Chartley upon his father's death in 1350 but was never summoned to parliament. Despite his youth, John fought in Gascony for Edward III in 1345 and married Elizabeth de Stafford (1342 \endash 7 August 1375) - widow of Fulk le Strange (Baron Strange) and daughter of Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret de Audley, a daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester. The couple had one son, Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. John de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley died on 3 April 1367 at the Battle of Nájera in Castile Noted events in his life were: Death: at the Battle of Najera, 3 Apr 1367, Castille Spain. John married Elizabeth STAFFORD [122051]. Elizabeth was born about 1340 and died on 7 Aug 1375 aged about 35.
21752	yago	0	25	https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-Henry-Hotspur-Percy/6000000001874251910	en	Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy	https://media.geni.com/p…c4e8b.1724309999	https://media.geni.com/p…c4e8b.1724309999	[ "https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif", "https://media.geni.com/p5/9696/5552/534448368bd3d211/Royal_-_Harry_Hotspur_Percy_medium.jpg?hash=f455067d8a06f2724929098d82855c159b0b9fa545231bc5250ff893f4d34ffd.1724309999&height=150&width=127", "https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262", "https://media.geni.com/p14/14/f4/83/dd/5344486539e05f41/img_5462_t2.jpg?hash=c7d9de4c658e2da17019ce2e47c6404829d11040eb065959f00e98dd9c34f732.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p13/21/01/03/c3/5344483ce3e2b445/wuq29ser_t2.jpg?attribution=Sodacan%2BVia%2BWikipedia%2Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FHenry_Percy_%2528Hotspur%2529%2523%252Fmedia%252FFile%253ACoat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%2528Hotspur%2529.svg%2BCreative%2BCommons%2BAttribution-Share%2BAlike%2B4.0&hash=5ed4e3bfcb10b81af9bb6de14e5087b4968a725a388753ec841c22dd89706249.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p6/4047/4802/53444836c702426b/p028017-002020_t2.jpg?hash=24cfa4fc3abec06c6915af9a8a85010a5a39c23a903a779623017154897b2973.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p14/3e/58/c5/82/534448623cebaee2/60b5c921-c201-434e-98ab-f27784e52e4c_t2.jpg?hash=eebbcccbb8e64ac65d5b86a700f0afabbf79c353b24d9b3f4006be6b3cd2384d.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p5/9696/5552/534448368bd3b2ec/Royal_-_Henry_Percy_2C_Earl_of_Northumberland_2C_Lord_of_Mann_t2.jpg?hash=db28c16a3f47f3219e781686714510f0a16e85360be906f387dc7f91c0aabe94.1724309999", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif", "https://media.geni.com/p14/5c/9e/00/e2/53444862445f8135/screen_shot_2023-01-05_at_6_t2.jpg?hash=b11a2118e9819d74cf1df212fc9117e3f8a6000f2ff6a4aff0e7621ebb40ac68.1724309999", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262" ]	[]	[]	[ "family tree", "genealogy", "trace your ancestry", "family tree maker", "family tree search", "family tree charts", "family statistics", "ancestors", "research" ]	null	[]	2022-04-26T15:03:16-07:00	Genealogy for Henry Percy (1364 - 1403) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.	en	/touch-icon-iphone.png	geni_family_tree	https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-Henry-Hotspur-Percy/6000000001874251910	a short summary from Wikipedia: Harry Hotspur (Sir Henry Percy) Spouse: Lady Elizabeth Mortimer Issue: Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland Lady Elizabeth Percy Noble family House of Percy Father: Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland Mother: Margaret Neville Born: 20 May 1364(1364-05-20) Spofforth, Yorkshire, England[1] Died: 21 July 1403 (aged 39) Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England ======================================================================================================================================================= "Sir Henry Percy KG (20 May 1364 – 21 July 1403), commonly known as Sir Harry Hotspur, or simply Hotspur, was the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby, and Alice de Audley. He was the most famous soldier of his day, but was slain leading the losing side at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403." ======================================================================================================================================================= Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_%27Hotspur%27_Percy http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=39440911 http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I2918&tree=E... http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I417&tree=Nixon http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I64228&tree=... http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I11045&tree=... http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/hotspur.htm http://www.mathematical.com/percyhenry1364.htm http://www.nndb.com/people/687/000097396/ http://www.thepeerage.com/p10726.htm#i107251 ===================================================================================================================================================== Citations / Sources: [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 95. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family. [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 550. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume IX, page 712. [S1257] #248 A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions or High Official Rank; but Uninvested with Heritable Honors (1834-1838), Burke, John, (4 volumes. London: Published for Henry Colburn, by R. Bentley, 1834-1838), FHL book 942 D2bc., vol. 4 p. 358. [S2420] #11886 The Golden Grove books of pedigrees (filmed 1970), (Manuscript, National Library of Wales manuscript number Castell Gorfod 7. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1950), FHL microfilms 104,349-104,351., book 9 p. G1134, 1186; book 16 p. M1925. [S2411] #11915 British Genealogy (filmed 1950), Evans, Alcwyn Caryni, (Books A to H. National Library of Wales MSS 12359-12360D. Manuscript filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1950), FHL microfilms 104,355 and 104,390 item 2., book 6 p. F4, 9. [S673] #1079 A History of Monmouthshire from the Coming of the Normans into Wales down to the Present Time (1904-1993), Bradney, Sir Joseph Alfred, (Publications of the South Wales Record Society, number 8. Five volumes in 13. London: Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke, 1904-1993), FHL book 942.43 H2b., vol. 3 p. 8. [S712] #1039 Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families: with Their Collateral Branches in Denbighshire, Merionethshire (1914), Griffith, John Edwards, (Horncastle, England: W.K. Morton, 1914), FHL book Folio 942.9 D2gr; FHL microfilm 468,334., p. I, 305. [S2] The Visitations of Yorkshire in the years 1563 and 1564, made by William Flower, esquire, Norroy king of arms, Flowers, William and Charles Best Norcliffe, (London : Harleian Society, 1881), FHL book 942 B4h vol. 16; microfilm 162,050 item 2., vol. 16, p. 242. [S452] #21 The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant (1910), Cokayne, George Edward (main author) and Vicary Gibbs (added author), (New edition. 13 volumes in 14. London: St. Catherine Press,1910-), vol. 2 p. 508; vol. 3 p. 293 [S266] #379 [7th edition, 1992] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Who Came to America Before 1700 (7th edition, 1992), Weis, Frederick Lewis, (7th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, c1992), FHL book 974 D2w 1992., p. 8 line 5:33, p. 23 line 19:32. [S394] #230 [5th edition, 1999] The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215 (5th edition, 1999), Adams, Arthur, (5th edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1999), FHL book 973 D2aa 1999., p. 46 line 36:10, p. 64 line 44:7.
21752	yago	3	27	http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PERCY.htm	en	PERCY			[ "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/images/Percy,Eleanor(BPowis)01_small.jpg", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/images/Percy,Dorothy(CLeicester)01_small.jpg", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Objetos/Escudos/tudor.gif", "http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Objetos/Image7.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	PERCY FAMILY Rollo Thurstan BRICO Born: ABT 885, Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway Married: Gerlotte De BLOIS (dau. of Theobald De Tours) ABT 936, Tillieres, Normandy, France Children: 1. Ansfred ROLLOSON 2. Rollo ROLLOSON Rollo ROLLOSON Born: ABT 945 Father: Rollo Thurstan BRICO Mother: Gerlotte ? Married: ¿? Children: 1. Mainfred De PERCY Mainfred De PERCY Born: ABT 980 Father: Rollo ROLLOSON Mother: ¿? Married: ¿? Children: 1. Geoffrey De PERCY Geoffrey De PERCY Born: ABT 1005 Father: Mainfred De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Margaret ? Children: 1. William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) 2. Serlo De PERCY (Abbot of Whitby) (b. ABT 1035) 3. Picot De PERCY (b. ABT 1050 - d. AFT 1125) William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Died: 1096 Buried: Mount Joy, Jerusalem Notes: Said to have accompanied Hugh d'Avranches, later Earl of Chester, from Normandy to England. See The Complete Peerage vol.X,p436. Father: Geoffrey De PERCY Mother: Margaret ? Married: Emma De PORT Children: 1. Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) 2. Walter De PERCY 3. William De PERCY (Abbot of Whitby) 4. Richard De PERCY Richard De PERCY Acceded: Dunsley Father: William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De PORT Married: Alice ? Children: 1. William De PERCY 2. Alexander De PERCY Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) Born: ABT 1069 Died: Dec 1135 Notes: A History of the House of Percy shows another generation, but The Complete Peerage Vol.X,p440, says different. The history of the house of Percy also shows a son Gosfrid. Father: William De PERCY (1º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De PORT Married: Emma De GANT Children: 1. William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Born: 1112 Died: 1133 Buried: Fountains Abbey Father: Alan De PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Emma De GANT Married: Alice De ROS Children: 1. William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) 2. Walter De PERCY de Rugemond 3. Henry De PERCY 4. Geoffrey De PERCY 5. Robert De PERCY 6. Alan De PERCY de Meschines Walter De PERCY de Rugemond Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS Married: Avice MESCHINES Alan De PERCY de Meschines Acceded: 1137, Allerton Notes: Present at the Battle of the Standard with King David of Scotland; "Alanus De Perci magni Alani filius nothus, miles strenuissimus et in militaribus negotiis probatissimus" The Complete Peerage,V.x,p439,note.e. Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Died: 1175 Father: William De PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De ROS Married 1: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Children: 1. Alan De PERCY (d. AFT 1166) 2. Maud De PERCY 3. Agnes De PERCY Married 2: Sibyl De VALOGNES ABT 1166 Children: 4. Walter De PERCY 5. Alice De PERCY 6. Emma De PERCY 7. William De PERCY Maud De PERCY Born: Catton, Stamford Bridge Died: ABT 1203 Buried: Fountains Abbey Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Married: William De NEWBURGH (3º E. Warwick) BEF 28 Dec 1175 Alice De PERCY Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Sibyl De VALOGNES Associated with: Hugh Du PUISET (Bishop of Durham) Children: 1. Henry Du PUISET Married: Richard De MORVILLE Children: 2. Alan De MORVILLE Emma De PERCY Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Sibyl De VALOGNES Married: William MALEBISE Children: 1. Richard MALEBISE Agnes De PERCY Died: BEF 13 Oct 1204 Father: William De PERCY (4º B. Percy) Mother: Alice De CLARE de Tonbridge Married: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN AFT 1154 Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) 3. Ralph De PERCY 4. Joscelin De PERCY 5. Eleanor De PERCY 6. Alice De PERCY 7. Maud De PERCY Godfrey "the Bearded" of LOUVAIN (D. Louvaine & Brabant) Acceded: 1106 Died: 25 Jan 1139 Notes: Stammtafeln shows that Ida was Adeliza's mother and other works agree. Brenan in his History of the House of Percy suggests that Clemantine was her mother and Ida was Jocleyn's mother. Stammtafeln does not list Jocelyn at all! The Complete Peerage, V.x,p445,note.l, says that Jocelyn's mother is unproven. Father: Henry II of Brabant Mother: Adela of THURINGA Married 1: Ida of NAMUR Children: 1. Joscelyn De LOUVAIN 2. Adeliza of LOUVAIN (Queen of England) (b. ABT 1105) 3. Godfrey II of Brabant (D. Brabant) 4. Ida of Lower Lorraine Married 2: Clemence of Burgundy AFT 1121 Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Died: 1180 Notes: Not shown in Stammtafeln. See The Complete Peerage Vol.x,p.445. Father: Godfrey "the Bearded" of LOUVAIN (D. Louvaine & Brabant) Mother: Ida of NAMUR Married: Agnes De PERCY AFT 1154 Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) 3. Ralph De PERCY 4. Joscelin De PERCY 5. Eleanor De PERCY 6. Alice De PERCY 7. Maud De PERCY Richard De PERCY (5º B. Percy) Died: Aug 1244 Buried: Fountains Abbey Notes: One of the 25 Barons to enforce the Magna Carta. Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married 1: Alice ? Married 2: Agnes De NEVILLE Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. Alexander De PERCY Ralph De PERCY Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: ¿? Children: 1. Brian De PERCY Brian De PERCY Notes: The Complete Peerage V.x,p.448 note e. Father: Ralph De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Gunnor ? Maud De PERCY Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: John De DAIVILLE Children: 1. Henry De DAIVILLE Henry De PERCY Died: 1198 Buried: St.Lô, Rouen Father: Joscelyn De LOUVAIN Mother: Agnes De PERCY Married: Isabel De BRUS Children: 1. Henry De PERCY 2. William De PERCY Henry De PERCY Died: BEF 12 Jan 1245 Notes: The Complete Peerage,V.x,p449,note a. Father: Henry De PERCY Mother: Isabel De BRUS William De PERCY Born: AFT 1202 Died: 28 Jul 1245 Buried: Sallay Abbey Father: Henry De PERCY Mother: Isabel De BRUS Married: Joan BRIWERE Children: 1. Joan PERCY de Ferlington 2. Agnes De PERCY 3. Alice De PERCY 4. Anastasia De PERCY 5. Dau. De PERCY Married 2: Ellen De BALLIOL Children: 6. Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) 7. Ingeram De PERCY (d. 24 Oct 1262) 8. William De PERCY (Canon of York) (b. ABT 1236) 9. Walter De PERCY 10. Alan De PERCY 11. Joscelin De PERCY Agnes De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Eustace De BALLIOL Alice De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Ralph BERMINGHAM Anastasia De PERCY Father: William De PERCY Mother: Joan BRIWERE Married: Ralph TAILBOYS Children: 1. Mary TAILBOYS Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Born: ABT 1235 Died: 29 Aug 1272 Buried: Sallay Notes: Some say born 1228. The Complete Peerage V.x,p455 says 1235. Father: William De PERCY Mother: Ellen De BALLIOL Married: Eleanor De WARREN 8 Sep 1268 Children: 1. John PERCY (8º B. Percy) 2. Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) John PERCY (8º B. Percy) Born: 1270 Died: BEF 20 Jul 1293 Father: Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Mother: Eleanor De WARREN Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) Born: 25 Mar 1273, Leconfield & Topcliff, York, England Died: 1314 Father: Henry PERCY (7º B. Percy) Mother: Eleanor De WARREN Married: Eleanor FITZALAN (B. Percy) ABT 1297 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Born: 6 Feb 1301, Alnwick, Northumberland, England/ Leconfield, Yorkshire Acceded: 1314 Died: 27 Feb 1351/2, Warkworth, England Buried: Alnwick, Northumberland, England Notes: Constable of Scarborough Castle, Warden of Marches of Scotland. REF FarisPA. B. of Topcliffe, B. of Alnwick, Eng.REF FarisPA. Descendant of Charlemagne.The Complete Peerage V.x,p459. Father: Henry PERCY (9º B. Percy/1º B. Alnwick) Mother: Eleanor FITZALAN (B. Percy) Married:Idoine CLIFFORD Children: 1. Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) 2. Maud PERCY (B. Neville of Raby) 3. Isabel PERCY 4. Eleanor PERCY 5. Thomas PERCY (Bishop of Norwich) 6. Roger PERCY 7. Margaret PERCY (B. Ferrers of Groby) 8. Robert PERCY 9. William PERCY Thomas PERCY (Bishop of Norwich) Notes: Bishop of Norwich (1356-1369). Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Maud PERCY (B. Neville of Raby) Born: ABT 1345, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: BEF 18 Feb 1378/9 Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married:John NEVILLE (3º B. Neville of Raby) Jul 1357, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Children: 1. Alice NEVILLE (B. Deincourt) 2. Eleanor NEVILLE (B. Lumley) 3. Thomas NEVILLE (6° B. Furnivall) 4. Idina (Iolande) NEVILLE 5. Ralph De NEVILLE (1° E. Westmoreland) 6. Maud (Matilda) NEVILLE 7. Elizabeth NEVILLE 8. Dau. NEVILLE 9. John NEVILLE (4° B. Neville of Raby) Isabel PERCY Died: 1368 Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married:William De ATON (B. Vesci/2º B. Aton) (b. 1299 - d. 1388) Eleanor PERCY Died: BEF 18 Oct 1361 Buried: Dunmow Priory Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married: John FITZWALTER (2º B. Fitzwalter) Children: 1. Walter FITZWALTER (3º B. Fitzwalter) (b. 31 May 1345) 2. Alice FITZWALTER Margaret PERCY (B. Ferrers of Groby) Died: 2 Sep 1375, Gyng (Buttsbury), Essex, England Buried: Friars Preachers, Chelmsford, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married: 1: Robert De UMFREVILLE (Sir) (son of Geoffrey De Umfreville and Joan Willoughby) 20 Jan 1339 Married: 2: William FERRERS (3º B. Ferrers of Groby) BEF 25 May 1368 Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Born: 1320, Seamer, North Riding, York, England Died: ABT 18 May 1368 Buried: Alnwick, Northumberland, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º B. Percy) Mother: Idoine CLIFFORD Married 1: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Children: 1. Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (1º E. Worcester) 3. Mary PERCY (B. Ros) Married: 2: Joan ORREBY (d. 1369) Thomas PERCY (1º E. Worcester) Born: ABT 1344 Died: 1403 Notes: Knight of the Garter. Served with Sir John Chandos in France. Joined his nephew Percy (Hotspur) and was taken prisoner at the battle of Shrewsbury and beheaded. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Mary PERCY (B. Ros) Born: 1360 Died: 1395 Notes: Weir indicates that Mary was her mother as does The Complete Peerage. Some sources show Joan Orreby as the mother. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Married: John De ROS (6º B. Ros of Hamlake) BEF Jun 1382 Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Born: 10 Nov 1341/2 Died: 19 Feb /29 Feb 1407/8, Bramham Moor, near Tadcaster, York, England Notes: Knight of the Garter. Killed in battle. 4º B. of Percy, Lord Marshall of England. Father: Henry PERCY (3º B. Percy) Mother: Mary PLANTAGENET (B. Percy) Married 1: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) 12 Jul 1358, Brancepeth, Durham, England Children: 1. Ralph PERCY (Sir) 2. Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) 3. Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Married 2: Maud LUCY (B. Lucy) (d. 1398) Ralph PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1359, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 15 Sep 1397, Battle In Holy Land Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married:Phillippa STRATHBOGIE (b. 1361 - d. 2 Nov 1395) (dau. of David De Strathbogie, E. Atholl, and Elizabeth Ferrers) 20 Mar 1376/1377, Strathbogie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: ABT 1366, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 1388 Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married: Elizabeth STRATHBOGIE (b. ABT 1370, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - d. AFT 1416) (dau. of David Strathbogie, E. Atholl, and Elizabeth Ferrers) (w. of John Scrope) ABT 1386, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: ABT 1387, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: 25 Oct 1433 Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth STRATHBOGIE Married 1: Elizabeth De BURGH (b. 1363, Burgh, Cambridgeshire, England - d. BEF 12 Feb 1451??) ABT 1407, Burgh, Cambridgeshire, England Married 2: Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) (b. ABT 1385, Grower, Kent, England - d. 1440) ABT 1411, Grower, Kent, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY 2. Margery PERCY (B. Grey of Codnor) 3. Margaret PERCY (b. ABT 1414, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland) Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1408, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: AFT 28 Sep 1455, Northumberland, England Notes: There were other parents. Her second husband was a member of a junior branch of the Warwickshire Lucy’s of Charlecote Park near Stratford-upon-Avon. Father: Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth De BURGH / Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) Married 1: Thomas BOROUGH of Gainsborough (Sir) ABT 1429, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Thomas BOROUGH (1° B. Borough of Gainsborough) Married 2: William LUCY (Sir Knight) BEF 1434 (b. 1404, Wapenham, Northampton, England - d. 10 Jul 1460, Northamptonshire, England) Margery PERCY (B. Grey of Codnor) Born: ABT 1409, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Died: 28 Sep 1464 Father: Henry PERCY (Sir Knight) Mother: Elizabeth BRUCE (BARDOLPH) Married 1: Henry GREY (6° B. Grey of Codnor) BEF 5 May 1434, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Children: 1. Henry GREY (7° B. Grey of Codnor) 2. Elizabeth GREY Married 2: Richard De VERE (Sir Knight) ABT 1463, Northumberland, England Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Born: 20 May 1364 Died: 21 Jul 1403, Shrewsbury Notes: Knight of the Garter. Called Hotspur. Present at the capture of Berwick-on-Tweed in 1378. Served later in further wars against the Scots and taken prisoner at the battle of Otterburn. Employed for a time in the war in France. Engaged in the suppression of the Welsh under Owen Glendower. Killed at the battle of Shrewsbury. Father: Henry PERCY (1º E. Northumberland) Mother: Margaret NEVILLE (B. Ros) Married:Elizabeth MORTIMER (b. 1370) (dau. of Edmund Mortimer, 3º E. March, and Phillippa Plantagenet) Children: 1. Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) 2. Elizabeth PERCY (B. Clifford/C. Westmoreland) 3. Matilda PERCY Matilda PERCY Notes: Not Shown in the Complete Peereage. Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married: John De SOUTHERAY (Sir) Elizabeth PERCY (B. Clifford/C. Westmoreland) Born: ABT 1390, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 26 Oct 1437 Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married 1: John CLIFFORD (7º B. Clifford) ABT 1412 Children: 1. Thomas CLIFFORD (8º B. Clifford) 2. Mary CLIFFORD 3. Henry CLIFFORD Married 2: Ralph NEVILLE (2° E. Westmoreland) 1426 Children: 3. John NEVILLE (B. Neville) Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Born: 3 Feb 1393, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 22 May 1455, St. Albans, Kent, England Buried: Abbey Church, St. Albans Notes: Killed in battle. Father: Henry "Hotspur" PERCY (B. Percy) Mother: Elizabeth MORTIMER Married: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) AFT Oct 1414, Berwick, Wiltshire, England Children: 1. Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (1º B. Egremont) 3. Catherine PERCY (C. Kent) 4. Richard PERCY 5. Anne PERCY 6. Joan PERCY 7. Ralph PERCY (Sir) 8. William PERCY (Bishop of Carlisle) 9. John PERCY (b. 8 Jul 1418) 10. George PERCY Thomas PERCY (1º B. Egremont) Born: 29 Nov 1422, Leconfield, Yorkshire Acceded: 20 Nov 1449 Died: 10 Jul 1460, Battle of Northampton Notes: The Complete Peerage vol.V,pp33-34. Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:¿? ABT 1457 , Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY (2º B. Egremont) John PERCY (2º B. Egremont) Born: ABT 1459 Acceded: 1460 Died: BEF 21 Mar 1495/6 Notes: The Complete Peerage vol.V,p.35 Father: Thomas PERCY (1° B. Egremont) Mother: ¿? Catherine PERCY (C. Kent) Born: 18/28 May 1423, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1475 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:Edmund GREY (1° E. Kent) BEF Jan 1458/9 Children: 1. Anthony GREY (4° B. Grey of Ruthin) 2. Elizabeth GREY 3. Anne GREY 4. George GREY (2° E. Kent) 5. John GREY 6. Edmund GREY (b. ABT 1457, Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales) Richard PERCY Born: ABT 1426/27, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 29 Mar 1461, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Catherine NEVILLE ABT 1453 , Towton, Yorkshire, England Anne PERCY Born: 1436 Died: 1522 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Ralph PERCY (Sir) Born: AFT 1424/11 Aug 1425, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 25 Apr 1464, Hedgeley Moor, Northumberland, England Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Eleanor ACTON ABT 1455, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Henry PERCY (Sir) 2. Margaret PERCY 3. Ralph PERCY 4. George PERCY (b. ABT 1460 - d. ABT 1500) 5. John PERCY Married 2: Jane TEYE Margaret PERCY Born: ABT 1462, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Father: Ralph PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor ACTON Married: Ralph HARBOTTLE (son of Bertram Harbottle and Joan Lumley) Children: 1. Guiscard HARBOTTLE (b. 6 Jan 1485 - d. 9 Sep 1513, Battle of Flodden, Branxton, Northumberland, England) (m. Jane Willoughby) 2. Alison HARBOTTLE 3. Eleanor HARBOTTLE 4. Isabel HARBOTTLE 5. Anne HARBOTTLE Henry PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1456, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 1486 Father: Ralph PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor ACTON Married:¿? Children: 1. Marjory PERCY Marjory PERCY Born: ABT 1482 Father: Henry PERCY (Sir) Mother: ¿? Married:Henry WIDDRINGTON (Sir) Children: 1. John WIDDRINGTON (b. 1507 - d. 1568) (m. Agnes Metcalffe 1522, Nappa, Yorkshire, England ) 2. Dorothy WIDDRINGTON (b. 1510 - d. AFT 1 Mar 1527) (m. Robert Ogle) William PERCY (Bishop of Carlisle) Born: 7 Apr 1428, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 1462 Notes: inducted Bishop of Carlisle in 1452. It would appear that nolo episcopari was not acted up to about this period, for we find it enacted, "that if any shall go or send out of the realm, to provide for himself a benefice, he shall be out of the king's protection, and the benefice shall be void; and if any shall accept such benefice, he shall be banished for ever, and his lands and goods forfeited to the king". Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) George PERCY Born: 24 Jul 1424, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 14 Nov 1474 Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Born: 25 Jul 1421, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Acceded: 1455 Died: 29 Mar 1461, battle of Towton Buried: St. Denis, Yorkshire, England Notes: The Complete Peerage,V.ix,p716. Father: Henry PERCY (2º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) 25 Jun 1435 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) 2. Anne PERCY 3. Margaret PERCY 4. Ralph PERCY (b. ABT 1440) 5. Elizabeth PERCY (B. Scrope of Bolton) 6. Mary PERCY 7. Eleanor PERCY Eleanor PERCY Born: ABT 1455, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married: Thomas WEST (3º B. De La Warr) Margaret PERCY Born: ABT 1447, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:William GASCOIGNE (Sir Knight) Gawthorpe, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. William GASCOIGNE 2. John GASCOIGNE 3. Thomas GASCOIGNE 4. Elizabeth GASCOIGNE 5. Margaret GASCOIGNE (B. Ogle) 6. Agnes GASCOIGNE 7. Dorothy GASCOIGNE 8. Eleanor GASCOIGNE 9. Anne GASCOIGNE 10. Joan GASCOIGNE 11. Maud GASCOIGNE Elizabeth PERCY (B. Scrope of Bolton) Born: ABT 1460, Leckonfield, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 20 May 1512 Buried: Wensley, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:Henry SCROPE (6º B. Scrope of Bolton) Children: 1. Henry SCROPE (7° B. Scrope of Bolton) 2. John SCROPE (Sir) 3. Agnes SCROPE 4. John SCROPE 5. Elizabeth SCROPE (b. ABT 1500) 6. Joan SCROPE (B. Lumley) 7. Eleanor SCROPE (b. ABT 1504) 8. Catherine SCROPE (b. ABT 1506) 9. Anne SCROPE Anne PERCY Born: 3 Feb 1444, Dunganess Died: 5 Jul 1522, London, England Buried: 9 Jul 1522, S t. Margaret, Westminster, Middlesex, England Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married 1: Thomas HUNGERFORD (Sir) BEF 16 Oct 1460 / 1465, Warkworth, Northumberland, England Children: 1. Mary HUNGERFORD (B. Hungerford and Moleyns) Married: 2: Laurence RAINSFORD (Sir) ABT 1473 Married: 3: Thomas VAUGHN (Sir) ABT 1483 Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1449, Leconfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 28 Apr 1489, Cock Lodge, near Topcliffe, England Buried: Beverley Minster, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (3º E. Northumberland) Mother: Eleanor POYNINGS (B. Poynings) Married:Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) ABT 1473/1476 Children: 1. Eleanor PERCY (D. Buckingham) 2. Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) 3. William PERCY (Sir Knight) 4. Allan PERCY (b. 1479) 5. Josceline PERCY 6. Arundel PERCY (b. 1483 - d. 1544) 7. Anne PERCY (C. Arundel) 8. Elizabeth PERCY Eleanor PERCY (D. Buckingham) Born: 1470, Leaconsfield, Yorkshire, England Died: 13 Feb 1530 Notes: See her Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Edward STAFFORD (3º D. Buckingham) 14 Dec 1490 Children: 1. Elizabeth STAFFORD (D. Norfolk) 2. Henry STAFFORD (1° B. Stafford) 3. Mary STAFFORD (B. Abergavenny) 4. Catherine STAFFORD (C. Westmoreland) Married: 2: John AUDLEY of Hodnill William PERCY (Sir Knight) Born: BEF 1478 Died: 15 Sep 1540 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married: 1: Agnes CONSTABLE BEF 1516 Married: 2: Margaret PERCY Anne PERCY (C. Arundel) Born: 27 Jul 1485 Died: 1552 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:William FITZALAN (17º E. Arundel) 15 Feb 1510/11//28 Dec 1510 Children: 1. Catherine FITZALAN 2. Henry FITZALAN (18° E. Arundel) 3. Margaret FITZALAN 4. Elizabeth FITZALAN Josceline PERCY Born: 1480 Died: 1532 Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:Margaret FROST Children: 1. Edward PERCY of Beverley Edward PERCY of Beverley Father: Josceline PERCY Mother: Margaret FROST Married:Elizabeth WATERTON Children: 1. Thomas PERCY Thomas PERCY Born: 1560, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Died: 9 Nov 1605, Holbeach House, Staffordshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Edward PERCY of Beverley Mother: Elizabeth WATERTON Married:Martha WRIGHT ABT 1594 Children: 1. Robert PERCY 2. Dau. PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1595, Taunton, Yorkshire, England Married: Emma MEAD 1615 Children: 1. Francis PERCY Dau. PERCY Born: ABT 1599, Ashby St. Legers, Northamptonshire, England Father: Thomas PERCY Mother: Martha WRIGHT Married:Robert CATESBY Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Born: 14 Jan 1478, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 19 May 1527 Buried: Beverley Minster, Beverley, Yorkshire, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (4º E. Northumberland) Mother: Maud HERBERT (C. Northumberland) Married:Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) BEF 1502 Children: 1. Henry Algernon PERCY (6º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY (Sir) 3. Margaret PERCY (C. Cumberland) 4. Maud PERCY 5. Ingelram PERCY (Sir) 6. William PERCY Margaret PERCY (C. Cumberland) Buried: 25 Nov 1540, Skipton, Yorkshire, England Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:Henry CLIFFORD (1º E. Cumberland) ABT 1516, Skipton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Henry CLIFFORD (2º E. Cumberland) 2. Catherine CLIFFORD (B. Scrope of Bolton) 3. Elizabeth CLIFFORD 4. Ingeram CLIFFORD (Sir Knight) 5. Maud CLIFFORD (B. Conyers of Hornby) 6. Jane CLIFFORD 7. Thomas CLIFFORD (b. ABT 1526) Ingelram PERCY (Sir) Born: AFT 1505 Died: 1538 Notes: A leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace. He was imprisoned in the Beauchamp Tower of the Tower of London. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:¿? Children: 1. Isabel PERCY Isabel PERCY Father: Ingelram PERCY (Sir) Mother: ¿? Married:Henry TEMPEST 7 Jul 1543 Henry Algernon PERCY (6º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1502 Died: 30 Jun 1537, Hackney, Middlesex, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married:Mary TALBOT (C. Northumberland) Jan 1524 Thomas PERCY (Sir) Born: ABT 1504, Alnwick, Northumberland, England Died: 2 Jun 1537, Tyburn Buried: Crutched Friars' Church, London Notes: married Eleanor Harbottle, widow of Sir Richard Holland. Between 15 Sep 1562 and 27 Jan 1563 Percy's step-daughter Mary Holland (d. BEF 16 Nov 1570), married Arthur Pole, without issue. Executed at Tyburn on 2nd Jun 1537 for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace - a traditionalist uprising in yorkshire against enclosures of common land, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Thomas Cromwell and the role of Parliament in passing his legislation. Father: Henry Algernon PERCY (5º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine SPENCER (C. Northumberland) Married: Eleanor HARBOTTLE (b. 1504, Beamish, England - d. 18 May 1566) (dau. of Guiscard Harbottle and Jane Willoughby) (w. of Sir Richard Holland of Denton) Children: 1. Joan PERCY 2. Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) 3. Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) 4. Guiscard PERCY 5. Richard PERCY 6. Mary PERCY 7. Catherine PERCY Joan PERCY Born: ABT 1521, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 22 Aug 1572, Southminster, Essex, England Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married: Arthur HARRIS of Pritwell (Sir) ABT 1549, Petworth, Sussex, England Children: 1. William HARRIS 2. Alice HARRIS Mary PERCY Born: 1532, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 1598 Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married:Francis SLINGSBY (Sir) (son of Thomas Slingsby and Joan Mallory) (w. of Elizabeth Ingleby) Children: 1. Henry SLINGSBY (Sir) (m. Frances Vavasour) 2. Thomas SLINGSBY 3. Francis SLINGSBY 4. Henry SLINGSBY Catherine PERCY Born: ABT 1534, Petworth, Sussex, England Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married 1: Ralph RYTHER Married 2: Henry BROWNE Children: 1. Margaret BROWNE Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Born: 1528/34, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 22 Aug 1572, York, Yorkshire Notes: See his Biography. Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) 12 Jun 1558, Raglan, Monmouthshire, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY 2. Thomas PERCY (b. 1560 - d. 1560) 3. Lucy PERCY 4. Joan PERCY 5. Mary PERCY Mary PERCY Born: 1563 / 11 Jun 1570, Old Aberdeen, Scotland Died: 1643 Notes: both parents were involved in the Northern Rebellion of 1569 and when it failed, six-year old Mary was left behind in England with her three sisters. They were taken in by Henry Percy, their father’s brother, who was granted the Northumberland title after Thomas Percy’s execution for treason. The girls were raised at Petworth with their cousins and apparently given an excellent education as Mary later assisted in translations from the French and received at least one dedication. Some sources have Mary wed to Sir Thomas Grey of Wark. Whether or not she was married earlier in life, Mary, according to Sir Cuthbert Sharp after the death of her mother, came into the low countries, to take possession of what was left her by the countess, but more by her desire to dedicate herself to the service of God, in holy religion. She became the founder of the Benedictine Dames, at Bruxelles, along with fellow English exiles Dorothy and Gertrude Arundell, which was dedicated on 21 Nov 1599 with Joan Berkeley as abbess. (Sharpe, 'The Rising in the North; The 1569 Rebellion' 1840; pp 349-350). In 1600, Mary took her vows and became a nun in that convent. In 1616 she was elected abbess. If this is true - Mary, being born on 11 Jun 1570 and coming to Flanders after the death of her mother in 1596 - it means that her mother must have left her newborn child behind in Scotland when she departed for Flanders in Aug 1570. However, all sources indicate that she took her child along with her. According to her epitaph, Mary “suffered imprisonment in England for a long time” for her faith before she was able to leave. Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Elizabeth PERCY Born: 1559 Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Richard WOODROFFE of Wolley Joan PERCY Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Henry SEYMOUR Lucy PERCY Father: Thomas PERCY (7º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne SOMERSET (C. Northumberland) Married:Edward STANLEY (Sir) Children: 1. Venetia Anastasia STANLEY 2. Frances STANLEY 3. Petronella STANLEY Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Born: ABT 1532, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: 21 Jun 1585, Tower of London Notes: See his Biography. Father: Thomas PERCY (Sir) Mother: Eleanor HARBOTTLE Married:Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) 28 Jan 1562 Children: 1. Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) 2. Thomas PERCY 3. William PERCY 4. Charles PERCY (Sir) 5. Lucy PERCY 6. Richard PERCY 7. Joscelyne PERCY (Sir) 8. Anne PERCY 9. Alan PERCY (Sir) 10. Eleanor PERCY 11. George PERCY Thomas PERCY Born: ABT 1566, Petworth House, Petworth, Sussex, England Died: Apr 1587 / 1648 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Charles PERCY (Sir) Died: 1628 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Lucy PERCY Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married 1: John WOTTON (Sir) Married 2: Hugh OWEN (Sir) Joscelyne PERCY (Sir) Died: 1631 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Alan PERCY (Sir) Died: 1613 Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married:Mary FITZ (chr. 1 Aug 1596 - d. 1671) (dau. of Sir John Fitzford and Bridget Courtenay) (m.2 Sir Charles Howard - m.3 Thomas Darcy - m.4 Richard Grenville) Eleanor PERCY Children: 1. Lucy HERBERT 2. Catherine HERBERT 3. Percy HERBERT (2° B. Powis) 4. Son HERBERT 5. Dau. HERBERT 6. Dau. HERBERT George PERCY Born: 4 Sep 1580, England Died: Mar 1632, England Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Anne FLOYD 1607, Virginia Children: 1. Anne PERCY Anne PERCY Born: 1608, Jamestown, Virginia Father: George PERCY Mother: Anne FLOYD Married: John WEST (Gov. of Virginia) 1613, Virginia Children: 1. John WEST Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Born: 27 Apr 1564, Tynemouth Castle Died: 5 Nov 1632 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Notes: See his Biography. Father: Henry PERCY (8º E. Northumberland) Mother: Catherine NEVILLE (C. Northumberland) Married: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) 1594 Children: 1. Dorothy PERCY (C. Leicester) 2. Lucy PERCY 3. Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) 4. Henry PERCY (B. Alnwick) Dorothy PERCY (C. Leicester) 1. Dorothy "Sacharissa" SIDNEY (b. 1617) (mar. 1639 to Henry Spencer, 1° E. Sunderland) 2. Phillip SIDNEY (3° E. Leicester) (b. 1619) 3. Algernon SIDNEY (Republican martyr, b. Penshurst 1621- executed 1683 along with William Russell) 4. Henry SIDNEY (1° E. Romney) 5. Lucy SIDNEY (mar. Sir John Pelham) 6. Robert SIDNEY Lucy PERCY Born: ABT 1600 Died: 5 Nov 1660, Little Cashiobury House Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Married:James HAY (E. Carlisle) 6 Nov 1617 Henry PERCY (B. Alnwick) Born: 1604 Died: 11 Mar 1705, Paris, France Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Born: 29 Sep 1602, Essex House, London, England Died: 13 Oct 1668 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Notes: Knight of the Garter. Third but first-surviving son of the Earl of Northumberland. Took his seat in the House of Lords as Lord Percy in 1626 and succeeded his father as Earl of Northumberland in 1632. Lord High Admiral. Father: Henry PERCY (9º E. Northumberland) Mother: Dorothy DEVEREUX (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) BEF 1630 Children: 1. Anne PERCY 2. Elizabeth PERCY Married 2: Elizabeth HOWARD (C. Northumberland) 1 Oct 1642 Children: 3. Josceline PERCY (11º E. Northumberland) 4. Mary PERCY Anne PERCY Born: 19 Dec 1633 Died: 29 Nov 1654 Buried: Petworth, Sussex, England Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) Married:Phillip STANHOPE 21 Jun 1652 Elizabeth PERCY Born: 1 Dec 1636 Died: 5 Feb 1717 Buried: Watford, Hertfordshire, England Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Anne CECIL (C. Northumberland) Married:Arthur CAPELL 19 May 1653, Petworth, Sussex, England Josceline PERCY (11º E. Northumberland) Born: 4 Jul 1644 Died: 21 May 1670, Torino, Italy Father: Algernon PERCY (10º E. Northumberland) Mother: Elizabeth HOWARD (C. Northumberland) Married 1: Audrey WRIOTHESLEY Married 2:Elizabeth WRIOTHESLEY 23 Dec 1662 Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY (b. 26 Jan 1667 - d. 23 Nov 1722) (m.1 Henry Cavendish Percy - m.2 Thomas Thynne - m.3 Charles Seymour) John De PERCY Born: 1290, Kildale, Yorkshire, England Father: Alexander De PERCY Mother: ¿? Married: Elizabeth De COLVILLE Children: 1. Julianna De PERCY Julianna De PERCY Born: 1316, Ormesby, Lincolnshire, England Father: John De PERCY Mother: Elizabeth De COLVILLE Married: Robert CONYERS of Ormesby (Sir) Children: 1. Robert CONYERS Constance PERCY Born: ABT 1447 Married: William EURE (Sir) AFT 1476 John PERCY Born: ABT 1331, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Married: Dau. BYRNAND ABT 1350, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1351, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1433 Father: John PERCY Mother: Dau. BYRNAND Married: Agnes NORMANVILLE ABT 1369, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. William PERCY 2. Richard PERCY 3. Robert PERCY 4. Thomas PERCY 5. Agnes PERCY 6. Joan PERCY William PERCY Born: ABT 1370, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Elizabeth De UMFREVILLE ABT 1400, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Elizabeth PERCY (b. ABT 1401) Joan PERCY Born: ABT 1378, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Ralph PULLEYN Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1373, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1459 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Agnes NORMANVILLE Married: Cecily METCALFFE ABT 1397, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY 2. William PERCY (b. ABT 1400) 3. Richard PERCY (b. ABT 1402) 4. Thomas PERCY (b. ABT 1404) Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1398, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1475 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Cecily METCALFFE Married: ¿? ABT 1428, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1429, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: 1485, Bosworth, Leicestershire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: ¿? Married1: Eleanor BEWLEY ABT 1459, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Married 2: Jocosa ? ABT 1462, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1460, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 1495 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Eleanor BEWLEY Married: Elizabeth NORTON ABT 1490, Norton Conyers, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Robert PERCY Robert PERCY Born: ABT 1491, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Elizabeth NORTON Married: Margaret SWALE ABT 1521, Staveley, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. Francis PERCY 2. John PERCY 3. Elizabeth PERCY 4. Barbara PERCY Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1526, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married 1: Christopher REDSHAW Married 2: Christopher BLAND Barbara PERCY Born: ABT 1528, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: Robert SEDGWICKE John PERCY Born: ABT 1524, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Buried: BEF 18 Oct 1610 Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: ¿? ABT 1554, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Francis PERCY Born: ABT 1522, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Father: Robert PERCY Mother: Margaret SWALE Married: Anne DRANSFIELD ABT 1552 Children: 1. Francis PERCY Francis PERCY Born: ABT 1554, Scotton, Yorkshire, England Died: 1634 Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Anne DRANSFIELD Married: Frances VAVASOUR ABT 1583, Hazelwood, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY 2. Bartholomew PERCY 3. Thomas PERCY 4. Robert PERCY 5. Josceline PERCY 6. Eleanor PERCY 7. Jane PERCY 8. Mary PERCY 9. Theodosia PERCY 10. Elizabeth PERCY 11. Lucy PERCY (b. ABT 1606 - bur. BEF 8 Apr 1669 - Unmd.) Eleanor PERCY Born: ABT 1596, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Henry OGLETHORPE Theodosia PERCY Born: ABT 1602, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Richard SHIERCLIFFE 2 Feb 1618/9 Elizabeth PERCY Born: ABT 1604, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Rowland REVELL John PERCY Born: 1584, Stubbs-Walden, Yorkshire, England Died: AFT 7 Aug 1665 Father: Francis PERCY Mother: Frances VAVASOUR Married: Frances YOUNG ABT 1626, Burne, Yorkshire, England Children: 1. John PERCY (b. ABT 1629 - d. 1648) 2. Dorothy PERCY (b. ABT 1631) 3. Frances PERCY (b. ABT 1633) 4. Ursula PERCY (b. ABT 1635 - bur. 29 Nov 1675) 5. Elizabeth PERCY (b. ABT 1637) 6. Thomas PERCY of Womersley (b. 1627 - d. Aug 1666) Hawise (Avice) De PERCY Born: ABT 1114 Married: Ralph De NEVILLE ABT 1132, Scotton, Lincolnshire, England Children: 1. Geoffrey De NEVILLE 2. Ralph De NEVILLE (b. 1143 - d. AFT 1201) Return to Peerage Page
21752	yago	2	10	https://www.whobegatwhom.co.uk/ind3081.html	en	Elizabeth MORTIMER			[ "https://www.whobegatwhom.co.uk/img550-a1-170x227-450x600.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Elizabeth MORTIMER ( - ) Second Generation 2. Lady Elizabeth PERCY, daughter of Sir Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) and Elizabeth MORTIMER, was born circa 1390. She married in 1404. She married John CLIFFORD in 1404. She died on 26 October 1437. They were great grandparents of Jane Seymour, wife of Henry VIII. John CLIFFORD, son of Thomas CLIFFORD (c. 1363-1391) and Elizabeth ROS (c. 1390-c. 1437), was born in 1388 in Appleby, Westmoreland. He had the title '7th Lord Clifford'. He died on [Julian] 13 March 1421 in Meaux. He was killed at the Siege of Meaux, Seine-et-Marne, France. He was buried in Bolton Abbey/Friars Minors, Ipswich, Suffolk. He and Elizabeth PERCY had the following children: +3 Thomas CLIFFORD (1414-1455) Third Generation 3. Thomas CLIFFORD, son of John CLIFFORD and Lady Elizabeth PERCY, was born in 1414. He had the title '8th Lord Clifford'. He married Joan DACRE circa 1424 in Skelton, Yorkshire. Thomas was killed at the Battle of St. Albans. When his father died at Meaux in France Thomas was only seven years old. He was commissioned in 1434/5 along with his uncle the Earl of Northumberland to array the northern counties against the Scots. In 1449 he was conservator of the truce between England and Scotland and in 1450-1he was one of three Ambassadors from Henry VI to James III of Scotland. In 1437 he laid siege to Pontoise near Paris. He dressed his soldiers in white and under the cover of a snowstorm they scaled the ramparts and captured the fortress. The King called on him again in 1452 and 1454 to muster men and ships from the north to relief Calais. The Hundred Years War with France drew to a close and Thomas returned home but by May 1455 the struggle for control of the English throne had erupted into violence and Thomas Clifford was killed at the first battle of St. Albans. Thomas 8th Lord Clifford had married Joan Dacre in 1424 and they had six children.
21752	yago	1	7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	en	Henry Percy (Hotspur)	https://upload.wikimedia…of_Otterburn.jpg	https://upload.wikimedia…of_Otterburn.jpg	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg/250px-Pennon_of_Sir_Henry_%28Hotspur%29_Percy%2C_Battle_of_Otterburn.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Harry_Hotspur_in_Alnwick.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%28Hotspur%29.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%28Hotspur%29.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wressle-Castle-29042011.jpg/290px-Wressle-Castle-29042011.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Warkworth_Castle_interior%2C_2007.jpg/290px-Warkworth_Castle_interior%2C_2007.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2002-08-15T23:08:52+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Percy_(Hotspur)	14th-century English noble (1364–1403) Sir Henry Percy (20 May 1364 – 21 July 1403), nicknamed Hotspur or Harry Hotspur, was an English knight who fought in several campaigns against the Scots in the northern border and against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The nickname "Hotspur" was given to him by the Scots as a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack. The heir to a leading noble family in northern England, Hotspur was one of the earliest and prime movers behind the deposition of King Richard II in favour of Henry Bolingbroke in 1399. He later fell out with the new regime and rebelled, and was slain at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 at the height of his fame. Career [edit] Henry Percy was born 20 May 1364 at either Alnwick Castle or Warkworth Castle in Northumberland, the eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 2nd Lord Neville of Raby, and Alice de Audley.[1] He was knighted by King Edward III in April 1377, together with the future kings Richard II and Henry IV.[2] In 1380, he was in Ireland with the Earl of March,[3] and in 1383, he travelled in Prussia.[4] He was appointed Warden of the East March either on 30 July 1384 or in May 1385,[4] and in 1385 accompanied Richard II on an expedition into Scotland.[1] "As a tribute to his speed in advance and readiness to attack" on the Scottish borders, the Scots bestowed on him the name 'Haatspore'.[2] In April 1386, he was sent to France to reinforce the garrison at Calais and led raids into Picardy. Between August and October 1387, he was in command of a naval force in an attempt to relieve the siege of Brest.[4] In appreciation of these military endeavours, at the age of 24 he was made a Knight of the Garter in 1388.[4] Reappointed as Warden of the East March, he commanded the English forces against James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, at the Battle of Otterburn on 10 August 1388, where he was captured, but soon ransomed for 7000 marks.[2] During the next few years Percy's reputation continued to grow. Although not 30, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Cyprus in June 1393 and appointed Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine (1394–98) on behalf of John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine.[2] He returned to England in January 1395, taking part in Richard II's expedition to Ireland, and was back in Aquitaine the following autumn. In the summer of 1396, he was again in Calais.[3] Percy's military and diplomatic service brought him substantial marks of royal favour in the form of grants and appointments,[4] but despite this, the Percy family decided to support Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV, in his rebellion against Richard II. On Henry's return from exile in June 1399, Percy and his father joined his forces at Doncaster and marched south with them. After King Richard's deposition, Percy and his father were "lavishly rewarded" with lands and offices.[3] Under the new king, Percy had extensive civil and military responsibility in both the East March towards Wales, where he was appointed High Sheriff of Flintshire in 1399, and in the north toward Scotland. In north Wales, he was under increasing pressure as a result of the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. In March 1402, Henry IV appointed Percy royal lieutenant in north Wales, and on 14 September 1402, Percy, his father, and the Earl of Dunbar and March defeated a Scottish force at the Battle of Homildon Hill. Among others, they made a prisoner of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas.[1] Rebellion, death and exhumation [edit] In spite of the favour that Henry IV showed the Percys in many respects, they became increasingly discontented with him. Among their grievances were: The king's failure to pay the wages due them for defending the Scottish border The king's favour towards Dunbar The king's demand that the Percys hand over their Scottish prisoners The king's failure to put an end to Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion through a negotiated settlement The king's increasing promotion of his son's (Prince Henry) military authority in Wales The king's failure to ransom Henry Percy's brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, whom the Welsh had captured in June 1402[5] Spurred by these grievances, the Percys rebelled in the summer of 1403 and took up arms against the king. According to J. M. W. Bean, it is clear that the Percys were in collusion with Glyndŵr. On his return to England shortly after the victory at Homildon Hill, Henry Percy issued proclamations in Cheshire accusing the king of 'tyrannical government'.[3] Joined by his uncle, Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, Percy marched to Shrewsbury, where he intended to do battle against a force there under the command of the Prince of Wales. The army of his father, however, was slow to move south, and it was without the assistance of his father that Henry Percy and Worcester arrived at Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403, where they encountered the king with a large army. The ensuing Battle of Shrewsbury was fierce, with heavy casualties on both sides but, when Henry Percy himself was struck down and killed, his own forces fled.[3] The circumstances of Percy's death differ in accounts. The chronicler Thomas Walsingham stated in his Historia Anglicana that "while he led his men in the fight rashly penetrating the enemy host, [Hotspur] was unexpectedly cut down, by whose hand is not known". Another account states that Percy was struck in the face by an arrow when he opened his vizor for a better view.[6] This is the view taken by Alnwick Castle, home of Hotspur’s descendants and place where a statue of him is exhibited. The legend that he was killed by the Prince of Wales seems to have been given currency by William Shakespeare, writing at the end of the following century. The Earl of Worcester was executed two days later.[7] King Henry, upon being brought Percy's body after the battle, is said to have wept. The body was taken by Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, to Whitchurch, Shropshire, for burial. However, when rumours circulated that Percy was still alive, the king "had the corpse exhumed and displayed it, propped upright between two millstones, in the market place at Shrewsbury".[3] That being done, Percy was subjected to posthumous execution. The king dispatched Percy's head to York, where it was impaled on the Micklegate Bar (one of the city's gates). His four-quarters were separately displayed in London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and Chester before they were finally delivered to his widow. She had the body buried in York Minster in November of that year.[9] In January 1404, Percy was posthumously attainted, declared guilty of high treason, and his titles and lands were declared forfeit to the Crown.[citation needed] Marriage and issue [edit] Henry Percy married Elizabeth Mortimer, the eldest daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and his wife, Philippa, the only child of Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster.[10] By her he had two children: Name Lifespan Notes Henry 3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455 2nd Earl of Northumberland; married Eleanor Neville, by whom he had issue. He was slain at the First Battle of St Albans during the Wars of the Roses.[11] Elizabeth c.1395 – 26 October 1436 Married firstly John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford, slain at the Siege of Meaux on 13 March 1422, by whom she had issue, and secondly Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland (d. 3 November 1484), by whom she had a son, Sir John Neville.[12] Sometime after 3 June 1406, Elizabeth Mortimer married, as her second husband, Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys, by whom she had a son, Sir Roger Camoys.[13] Thomas Camoys distinguished himself as a soldier in command of the rearguard of the English army at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415.[14] Legacy [edit] Henry Percy, 'Hotspur', is one of Shakespeare's best-known characters. In Henry IV, Part 1, Percy is portrayed as the same age as his rival, Prince Hal, by whom he is slain in single combat. In fact, he was 23 years older than Prince Hal, the future King Henry V, who was a youth of 16 at the date of the Battle of Shrewsbury. One of England's football clubs, Tottenham Hotspur F.C., is named after Hotspur, who lived in the region and whose descendants owned land in the neighbourhood of the club's first ground in the Tottenham Marshes. He was also well known for having a highly favoured enjoyment of watching cockfighting, hence the club's badge symbol. [15][16][17] A 14-foot (4.3 m) statue of Henry Percy was unveiled in Alnwick by the Duke of Northumberland in 2010.[18] Tom Glynn-Carney portrayed Hotspur in The King (2019). Sean Connery portrayed Hotspur with Robert Hardy as Prince Hal. The 1960 production was part of a BBC series An Age of Kings, a synthesis of Shakespeare's histories, with the episodes (3 & 4) featuring Hotspur first broadcast in summer 1960. References [edit] Bean, J. M. W. (2004). "Percy, Henry, first earl of Northumberland (1341–1408)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21932 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)(subscription required) Brown, A. L. (2004). "Percy, Thomas, earl of Worcester (c.1343–1403)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21955 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)(subscription required) Cokayne, George Edward (1912). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. II. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 506–510. Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 713–714. Holmes, George (2004). "Mortimer, Edmund (III), third earl of March and earl of Ulster (1352–1381)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19342 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). "Percy, Henry (1364-1403)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Leland, John L. (2004). "Camoys, Thomas, Baron Camoys (c.1350–1420/21)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4461 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required) Pugh, T. B. (1988). Henry V and the Southampton Plot of 1415. Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-541-8 Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6637-3 Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1-4499-6639-X Tout, T. F., rev. R. R. Davies (2004). "Mortimer, Sir Edmund (IV) (1376–1408/9)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19343 . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Walker, Simon (2004). "Percy, Sir Henry (1364–1403), soldier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21931. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
21752	yago	2	91	https://swansondirecting.com/henry-iv-part-1/	en	Elizabeth Swanson, Theater Director	https://swansondirecting…Henry-hero-4.png	https://swansondirecting…Henry-hero-4.png	[ "https://swansondirecting.com/logo-5-y.svg", "https://swansondirecting.com/logo-5-y.svg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Henry-hero-4.png", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ppaw.jpg.png", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ppaw.jpg.png", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HenryIV2010Poster-300x194.jpeg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HenryIV2010Poster-300x194.jpeg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Henry-2-300x205.jpg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Henry-2-300x205.jpg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Henry-IV-part-1-274x300.jpg", "https://swansondirecting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Henry-IV-part-1-274x300.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-07-23T19:44:46+00:00		en	/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png	Elizabeth Swanson, Theater Director	https://swansondirecting.com/henry-iv-part-1/	Shakespeare’s “Henry IV: Part I” is brought to life by an excellent cast Though the Princeton Shakespeare Company’s production of “Henry IV: Part 1” is occasionally stilted and confusing, a sterling cast makes for an undoubtedly fun and thought-provoking evening out. “Henry IV: Part 1” is one of Shakespeare’s least known but most effective history plays — and in this production, director Elizabeth Swanson ’12 makes the bold decision to modernize the setting. King Henry IV’s eldest son, Hal (Nicolas Hybel ’12), has rebelled and is now hanging out in a bar with outlaws such as Falstaff (Joshua Zeitlin ’11) and Poins (Evan Thompson ’14). An upstart son isn’t all the king’s got on his hands, however. Henry IV is also trying to suppress a revolt of the Percies clan, one of whom — Mortimer — may have a claim to the throne. At the play’s emotional climax, Hal goes to his father and repents, and vows to kill Hotspur (Tadesh Inagaki ’14), leader of the Percies revolt. Hal’s reconciliation with his father – which provides the play’s main emotional arc – is effectively staged. When Hal eventually greets his father, he genuinely does seem to be seeking forgiveness. The friendship between Hal and Falstaff is the show’s most poignantly-depicted relationship. Hybel and Zeitlin banter in an utterly convincing manner, exchanging teasing quips with the habit of old friends. Hal and Poins (who walks with a very specific bow-legged swagger) plot to rob Falstaff and others of their recently acquired loot, and Hal listens to Falstaff’s exaggerated tale of his encounter with two, now four, now eleven enemies before laughingly rebuking him and proving Falstaff’s story wrong. Then Hal and Falstaff are suddenly role-playing Hal’s apology and reconciliation with his father, Henry IV. All these exchanges are pulled off with zest by the performers. As Falstaff, Zeitlin is responsible for much of the play’s comedy. His performance complicates our perception of Falstaff as a mere clown, however. Zeitlin is able to play both the humor (as when he rolls Hotspur across the stage, having stabbed the already dead man once again in the thigh so as to get credit for his death) and the grimmer aspects of Falstaff’s character with an even hand. Sir Henry Percy (or Hotspur) and Lady Katherine Percy (Julia Keimach ‘12) were also fun to watch, as the actors created a sense of relaxed intimacy that rung true to their characters’ relationship. Despite the strength of the cast, there were some elements of the production that left me cold. Most notably, the decision to modernize the setting of the play wasn’t easy to follow. For much of the play, Hal, Poins and Falstaff seem to have come from some ‘50s biker flick, cruising around on motorbikes and pulling out guns to rob people. But for the final battle scenes, the very same characters were suddenly using swords and daggers in one-on-one combat. At the same time, however, the choice of costumes was effective in differentiating between the play’s many different groups of characters, creating a strong sense of social hierarchy. At Mistress Quickly’s pub, actors wore jeans and a white t-shirt; in Henry IV’s meetings they wore dark business suits; and for the battle scenes, they wore a color-coded shirt (white for Henry IV’s side, black for the Percies), and cargo pants. The lighting and set emphasized the differences between Hal’s new environment and his old one. The battle scenes were well-choreographed and fun to watch. Despite an extremely short rehearsal process, the Princeton Shakespeare Company has produced an enjoyable production of one of the Bard’s most under-rated plays. It’s definitely worth a trip to the Frist Performance Theater tonight or tomorrow, even though you may walk out with a few unanswered questions. 3.5 Paws Pros: acting and details of characterization were very strong. Cons: parts were inconsistent, also some lingering questions and unexplained details
21752	yago	3	65	https://www.litcharts.com/shakescleare/shakespeare-translations/henry-iv-part-1/act-2-scene-3	en	Henry IV, Part 1 Act 2, Scene 3 Translation	https://cdn.litcharts.co…and-wordmark.png	https://cdn.litcharts.co…and-wordmark.png	[ "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/shakespeare-translation/shakescleare-logo-purple-0bfaf8d50649948049608660f9a64cdc2c4b176be90b0e73e6632d3b6e422358.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-a5f71ddf742efc8224556c5af660e50a78055adc5f4beaf27d9b589498298326.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-d71cd5872ace5b08338457c0c8121a6dff2dc6c96c8d6b1e872cffb38a9a4c84.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/pdf-downloads-75c06148cea63e2260e73ef26ed7f5a40621da89b65622ab42e07ba5441e8eeb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/shakespeare-translations/pdf-fan-images/henry-iv-part-1.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/shakespeare-translations/pdf-fan-images/henry-iv-part-1.png", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/shakespeare-translation/line-mapping-blank-2af0823b4f51c199141e93520f2ad25a00aaa82b0b846a269b7b2cdb186844bc.svg", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/shakespeare-translation/line-mapping-color-e2baae4ca880c39110162915f30e80188cefb4855e8b99e0e9a6c22b6604f6b8.svg", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/shakespeare-translation/line-mapping-blank-2af0823b4f51c199141e93520f2ad25a00aaa82b0b846a269b7b2cdb186844bc.svg", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/shakespeare-translation/line-mapping-color-e2baae4ca880c39110162915f30e80188cefb4855e8b99e0e9a6c22b6604f6b8.svg", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/reskin/small-logo-a-plus-64b162584658b5e2901dafcfd458b3d262eabea75732f74c21da78bd429644ae.svg", "https://dj370vm06al1l.cloudfront.net/assets/reskin/small-logo-a-plus-64b162584658b5e2901dafcfd458b3d262eabea75732f74c21da78bd429644ae.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-1eee5b45c729cbf6745e513c5a79ad5a2d79965f39b17bb3bcaf50e4018af6a1.svg", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/small-logo-and-wordmark-a-plus-83548be00983d87610186203b69ca75b45d421f8322f657c1cbfcae18e35bbe3.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/quotes-explanations-44fb789b981be803714e6e9c1a98411f774f30586347143f6fc0c5fe87b38617.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/pdf-downloads-75c06148cea63e2260e73ef26ed7f5a40621da89b65622ab42e07ba5441e8eeb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/line-by-line-6a2a3ae26dfab475d7b0c25e33dbf8c102c79e4494eff5ae5336b3d7cf844abb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/advanced-search-60c2e7906be7bed2dd17e4392b29f9bc052e09ca97a1bca8862b7b89fbb913d8.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/line-by-line-6a2a3ae26dfab475d7b0c25e33dbf8c102c79e4494eff5ae5336b3d7cf844abb.png", "https://assets.litcharts.com/assets/reskin/promo/advanced-search-60c2e7906be7bed2dd17e4392b29f9bc052e09ca97a1bca8862b7b89fbb913d8.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Actually understand Henry IV, Part 1 Act 2, Scene 3. Read every line of Shakespeare’s original text alongside a modern English translation.	en	https://cdn.litcharts.com/favicon.ico	LitCharts	https://www.litcharts.com/shakescleare/shakespeare-translations/henry-iv-part-1/act-2-scene-3	HOTSPUR But, for mine own part, my lord, I could be well contented to be there, in respect of the love I bear your house. He could be contented; why is he not, then? In respect of the love he bears our house—he shows in this he loves his own barn better than he loves our house. Let me see some more. The purpose you undertake is dangerous. Why, that’s certain. 'Tis dangerous to take a cold, to sleep, to drink; but I tell you, my lordfool, out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower,safety. The purpose you undertake is dangerous, the friends you have named uncertain, the time itself unsorted, and your whole plot too light for the counterpoise of so great an opposition. Say you so, say you so? I say unto you again, you are a shallow, cowardly hind, and you lie. What a lack-brain is this! By the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever was laid, our friends true and constant—a good plot, good friends,and full of expectation; an excellent plot, very good friends. What a frosty-spirited rogue is this! Why, my Lord of York commends the plot and the general course ofthe action. Zounds, an I were now by this rascal, I could brain him with his lady’s fan. Is there not my father, my uncle, and myself? Lord Edmund Mortimer, my Lord of York, and Owen Glendower? Is there not besides the Douglas? Have I not all their letters to meet me in arms by the ninth of the next month, and are they not some of them set forward already? What a pagan rascal isthis—an infidel! Ha, you shall see now in very sincerity of fear and cold heart, will he to the King and lay open all our proceedings. O, I could divide myself and go to buffets, for moving such a dish of skimmilk with so honorable an action! Hang him, let him tell the King. We are prepared. I will set forward tonight. HOTSPUR "As for me, my lord, I would be happy to be there, because of the love I have for your family." If he is happy to be here, then why isn't he? Because of the love I have for your family—it's clear he loves his own house more than he loves mine. I'll read some more. "Your mission is dangerous." Well, that's true, but it's also dangerous to catch a cold, to sleep, to drink. I can tell you, my silly lord, that even though stinging nettles are dangerous, we will be able to safely find the flower within them. "Your mission is dangerous, your allies are unreliable, the time unsuitable, and your whole conspiracy is too light to counterbalance an opponent like the King." Is that so? Is it? I will say it again, you are a silly, weak coward, and these are just lies. What an idiot he is! By God, our plan is as good as any plan that's ever been made; our allies are honest and reliable. It's a good plot, with good allies, and it's full of promise. It's even an excellent plan, with very good allies. What a cold-hearted idiot he is! Why, the Archbishop of York supports my plan and how the mission is developing. Heavens, if I was close to this rascal right now, I would smack him with his wife's fan. Don't we have the support of my father, my uncle, and myself?! Lord Edmund Mortimer, the Archbishop of York, and Owen Glendower?! And don't we also have Douglas? Don't I have letters from all of them agreeing to meet me with their armies by the ninth of next month, and some of them have even set off already? What an unbelievable idiot he is—a non-believer! Ha, just wait for him to run to the King and tell him all about our plan, he'll be so filled with fear. Oh, if only I could split myself in half and tell my other half how angry I am that I trusted such an unworthy person with such important news. To hell with him—let him tell the King! We're ready. I will set off tonight. LADY PERCY O my good lord, why are you thus alone? For what offense have I this fortnight been A banished woman from my Harry’s bed? Tell me, sweet lord, what is ’t that takes from thee Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth And start so often when thou sit’st alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks And given my treasures and my rights of thee To thick-eyed musing and curst melancholy? In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watched, And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars, Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed, Cry “Courage! To the field!” And thou hast talk’d Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets, Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, Of prisoners' ransom and of soldiers slain, And all the currents of a heady fight. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow Like bubbles in a late-disturbèd stream, And in thy face strange motions have appeared, Such as we see when men restrain their breath On some great sudden hest. O, what portents are these? Some heavy business hath my lord in hand, And I must know it, else he loves me not. LADY PERCY Oh my good lord, why are you always alone? Why have you banned me from your bed for the past two weeks? Tell me, sweet lord, what has taken away your appetite, your desire, and your precious sleep? Why do you stare at the ground so much, and jump so often when you are sitting alone? Why have you lost the color in your cheeks? Why have you taken away the intimacy that is my pleasure and my right as your wife, and instead given it to this dark way of thinking and bad-tempered sadness? I have watched you in your restless sleep, and have heard you murmuring stories about war, as if you are giving commands to an army. You have cried out, "Have courage! To the field!" You have talked about advances and retreats, about trenches, tents, barriers, ramparts, defensive walls. You have talked about different cannons, about prisoners being ransomed, soldiers dying, and all of the things that happen in a violent battle. Your soul has also been at war, and has been disturbing you in your sleep. There have been beads of sweat on your forehead, that look like bubbles in a swirling stream. There have been strange expressions on your face, like the types we see when men hold their breath at a terrible, sudden request. Oh, what do these signs mean? You are plotting something serious, and I want to know what it is, or else you do not love me. HOTSPUR Come on, will you come and say goodbye? When I am on horseback, I will swear to love you forever. But listen, Kate. From now on you must not question me about where I am going, or the reasons why. If I must go, then I must. That's that. Therefore this evening I must leave you, dear Kate. I know you are wise, but you can only be as wise as the wife of Harry Percy should be; I know you are loyal, but you are still a woman. And no woman can keep a secret like you can, especially since you will not be able to speak about something you don't know. So that is as far as I will trust you, sweet Kate.
21752	yago	1	93	http://www.friede-abrahamson-genealogy.com/p1357.htm	en	Abrahamson Genealogy Site			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Life EventDateDescriptionBirthcirca 1291Ralph Neville was born circa 1291.He was the son of Ralph Neville and Euphemia de Clavering.Marriage14 January 1326Ralph Neville married Alice de Audley, daughter of Hugh de Audley I and Isolda de Mortimer, on 14 January 1326.Death5 August 1367Ralph Neville died on 5 August 1367. Life EventDateDescriptionBirth25 March 1273Henry de Percy was born on 25 March 1273 at seven months after his father's death.He was the son of Henry de Percy and Eleanor de Warenne.Marriagecirca 1294Henry de Percy married Eleanor Fitzalan, daughter of Richard Fitzalan and Alasia de Saluzzo, circa 1294.Death1314Henry de Percy died in 1314.
21752	yago	1	85	https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/2019/09/26/queen-of-the-north-by-anne-obrien/	en	📖 Queen of the North by Anne O’Brien (2018) ⭐⭐⭐	https://thebookwormchron…8_ios.jpg?w=1200	https://thebookwormchron…8_ios.jpg?w=1200	[ "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/blog-header-2.jpg", "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20190911_163530408_ios.jpg?w=656&h=492", "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/10-books-of-summer.jpg?w=150&h=150", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/80c7d88ea11404552b9aac6ac57528a8929a9a91d2470222778f397290d5f6f5?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/930792a4c2b23649ac902d9006f53b6176da9d8ee14f8667e98003ac23167e8b?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c2c562ff4731bc5c594251716b1fe2b413112fdc22162a759bfce0366991a37e?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/689f1b7756f1e85b257241ebc5f6cc36895ce737e6a3d2b019c081e91a262472?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c02f7ad5137994c653671a318a4898a58c8d197081b940574cd1f947bbc359de?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8464e96e99a9155035d11dbc6bfcf4051e1573336b23ef39914e3d6adcf1dfcd?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e339929f252545a9c5b077b7c6b9597aee251997cdccd23fdfd9f9e34aca3c6e?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://thebookwormchronicles.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/8b683b908585b93833b71e028729687c.jpeg.jpg?w=150", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/20240504_191701606_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/2b50.svg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200811_184749362_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200808_150857055_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/10-books-of-summer.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/83e945742cf2e9ed5ecc919edd03b32c2f833f8a", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/f8df6eb5d4d80a5b3ff0a68b8f237d9dd6461425", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/348f8f31cc5151a3aeb6d58dade6d9fb54f2a36b", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/14955a52193727315d2dfe7ee6fc1fdc6882ec25", "https://shereadsnovels.files.wordpress.com/2020/02/a-murder-is-announced.jpg?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://i0.wp.com/lynns-books.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/tsv.jpeg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://shereadsnovels.files.wordpress.com/2022/04/ttt-new6-768x308-1.png?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://746books.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/20-books.png?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://i0.wp.com/shereadsnovels.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/the-kings-mother.png?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-09-26T00:00:00	Over the last couple of years, Anne O'Brien has become my go-to-author when I want my historical fix, with her wonderfully researched novels told from the perspective of the powerful, often overlooked, women of history. Queen of the North is the fourth novel of Anne O’Brien's I've read, which was published just last year. In…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=32		https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/2019/09/26/queen-of-the-north-by-anne-obrien/	Over the last couple of years, Anne O’Brien has become my go-to-author when I want my historical fix, with her wonderfully researched novels told from the perspective of the powerful, often overlooked, women of history. Queen of the North is the fourth novel of Anne O’Brien’s I’ve read, which was published just last year. In Queen of the North, O’Brien sweeps us back to the great upheaval of 1399 and introduces us to a little remembered key-player, Elizabeth Mortimer. Elizabeth was the wife of the tempestuous Henry ‘Hotspur’ Percy; great-granddaughter of Edward III; and cousin to both Richard II and Henry IV. With her royal blood and advantageous marriage, Elizabeth was a woman of power, wealth and influence, who played an almost forgotten, but key role in the ensuing turmoil for the throne. And the only literary reference to this is her, incorrect, portrayal as Lady Kate Percy in William Shakespeare’s Henry IV. It was for this reason that O’Brien was so keen to write Elizabeth’s story. O’Brien portrays Elizabeth as a proud, clever and ambitious woman, who has a great love for her children and shares a passionate love with her first husband, Henry. When her cousin, Henry Bolingbroke landed in England, in 1399, with an army to bring their cousin Richard II to heel, he has the full support of Elizabeth’s powerful father-in-law, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and his eldest son, her husband. However Elizabeth very much has her own mind and that is if anyone else is to sit upon the throne, it should be her nephew, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March. And for this belief she is willing to risk everything in dangerous scheming and eventually outright treason – more than once! I didn’t particularly ‘like’ Elizabeth, but I did find her fascinating and her story truly moved me. I was heartbroken with Elizabeth, as Henry is brutally slain at the disastrous Battle of Shrewsbury; as she rides under his severed head on the gates of York; as she begs for his despoiled body to be returned; as she is separated from her children; and as she forced into a second marriage. So much sorrow, so much suffering, and yet it is worse because I knew, as much as she does but doesn’t want to admit, that she brought a lot of it upon herself. Previously, I have not read anything about Elizabeth, so this was as much a history lesson as it was an entertaining read. A history lesson that O’Brien has again brought to life in glorious detail – from the sumptuous dress and life of court, to the daily life of a medieval woman writing her letters, using her still room and hosting guests; to the bloody battlefield. Something else I love about her writing is how characters overlap in her books, which makes it possible for us as readers to see the bigger picture of the time period. In this case, Henry IV and Thomas de Camoys were both in previous novels, The King’s Sister and The Queen’s Choice. Overall, I thought Queen of the North was an evocative tragedy of love, loss, loyalty and betrayal, through the eyes of the fascinating Elizabeth Mortimer – she certainly wasn’t your dull, dutiful wife! Tantalisingly, in this book, we also met Constance of York, Lady Despenser, who is the protagonist of O’Brien’s newest novel, A Tapestry of Treason; which I’m excited to read. Great read. Thank you to the publishers for providing a copy of this book via NetGalley in exchange for my honest opinion. I’d love to hear your thoughts: Have you read this? Have you read any of Anne O’Brien’s other novels?
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"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wressle_Castle.jpg/444px-Wressle_Castle.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Blason_Lucy_de_Cockermouth_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg/100px-Blason_Lucy_de_Cockermouth_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2005-01-31T19:46:56+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_family	English noble family PercyParent houseHouse of Brabant (since the late 12th century) House of Smithson (since the mid 18th century)CountryKingdom of England, United KingdomFounded1067; 957 years ago ( )FounderWilliam de Percy (d.1096), 1st feudal baron of TopcliffeCurrent headRalph Percy, 12th Duke of NorthumberlandSeatAlnwick CastleTitles Duke of Northumberland Earl of Worcester Earl of Egremont Baron Percy Estate(s) Warkworth Castle Northumberland House Petworth House Stanwick Park Prudhoe Castle Albury Park Syon House Topcliffe Castle Kielder Castle The Percy family is an ancient English noble family. They were among the oldest and most powerful noble families in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages. The noble family is known for its long rivalry with the House of Neville, another family powerful in northern England during the 15th century. The feud between the two families, known as the Percy-Neville feud led to the Wars of the Roses, at the time known as the Civil Wars, in England. The House of Percy descends from William de Percy (d. 1096), a Norman who crossed to England after William the Conqueror in early December 1067.[dubious – discuss] William de Percy was created as the 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire.[4] He was rebuilding York Castle in 1070. The Percy surname derives[dubious – discuss] from the manor of Percy-en-Auge in Normandy, the home of the Percy family at the time of the Norman Conquest.[5] Family members have held the titles of Earl of Northumberland or Duke of Northumberland to this day, in addition to Baron Percy and others. The Percy surname twice died out in the male line only to be re-adopted later by the husband or son of a Percy heiress. In the 12th century, the original Percy line was represented by Agnes de Percy, whose son by her husband Joscelin of Louvain adopted the surname. Again in the 18th century, the heiress Elizabeth Seymour married Sir Hugh Smithson, who adopted the surname Percy and was created Duke of Northumberland.[6] Earls of Northumberland [edit] Part of this section is transcluded from Earl of Northumberland. William de Percy, 1st Baron Percy, was in the train of William I.[citation needed] After arriving in England following the Harrying of the North (1069–70), he was bestowed modest estates in Yorkshire by Hugh d'Avranches. However, by the reign of Henry II the family was represented by only an heiress, Agnes de Percy (died 1203) following the death of the third feudal baron. As her dowry contained the manor of Topcliffe in Yorkshire, Adeliza of Louvain, the widowed and remarried second wife of Henry I, arranged the marriage of Agnes with her own young half-brother, Joscelin of Louvain. After their wedding, the nobleman from the Duchy of Brabant in the Holy Roman Empire settled in England. He adopted the surname Percy and his descendants were later created Earls of Northumberland. The Percys' line would go on to play a large role in the history of both England and Scotland. As nearly every Percy was a Warden of the Marches, Scottish affairs were often of more concern than those in England.[9] 1309: 1st Baron Percy [edit] In 1309, Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy purchased Alnwick Castle from Antony Bek, Bishop of Durham. The castle had been founded in the late 11th century by Ivo de Vesci, a nobleman from Vassy or Vichy. A descendant of Ivo de Vesci, John de Vesci, succeeded to his father's titles and estates upon his father's death in Gascony in 1253. These included the barony of Alnwick and a large property in Northumberland and considerable estates in Yorkshire, including Malton. Due to being under age, King Henry III of England conferred the wardship of John's estates to a foreign kinsman, which caused great offence to the de Vesci family. The family's property and estates had been put into the guardianship of Bek, who sold them to the Percys. From this time, the fortunes of the Percys, although they still held their Yorkshire lands and titles, were linked permanently with Alnwick and its castle.[citation needed] 1316: 2nd Baron Percy [edit] Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy, who was granted the lands of Patrick IV, Earl of March, in Northumberland, by Edward II in 1316, began to improve the size and defences of the castle. He was appointed to Edward III's Council in 1327 and was given the manor and castle of Skipton. Was granted, by Edward III, the castle and barony of Warkworth in 1328. He was at the siege of Dunbar and the Battle of Halidon Hill and was subsequently appointed constable of Berwick-upon-Tweed. In 1346, Henry commanded the right wing of the English Army which defeated a larger Scottish force at the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham. His son, Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy married Mary of Lancaster, an aunt of John of Gaunt's wife Blanche of Lancaster.[9] In 1377, the next Henry Percy was created Earl of Northumberland, a title given to him after the coronation of Richard II. He supported the takeover by Henry IV but subsequently rebelled against the new king, leading to his estates being forfeited under attainder. In his rebellion he was aided by his son, the most famous Percy of all, Henry "Hotspur", who was slain at Shrewsbury in the lifetime of his father.[9] Both the 1st Earl of Northumberland as well as his son Hotspur play a chief role in Shakespeare's Henry IV. Henry V restored Hotspur's son, the second Earl, to his family honours, and the Percys were staunch Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses which followed, the third Earl and three of his brothers losing their lives in the cause.[9] The fourth Earl was involved in the political manoeuvrings of the last Yorkist kings Edward IV and Richard III. Through either indecision or treachery he did not respond in a timely manner at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and thus helped cause his ally Richard III's defeat at the hands of Henry Tudor (who became Henry VII). In 1489, he was pulled from his horse and murdered by some of his tenants.[citation needed] The fifth Earl displayed magnificence in his tastes, and being one of the richest magnates of his day, kept a very large household establishment.[citation needed] Henry Percy, the sixth Earl of Northumberland, loved Anne Boleyn, and was her accepted suitor before Henry VIII married her. He married later to Mary Talbot, the daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury, but as he died without a son, his nephew Thomas Percy became the seventh Earl.[9] Thereafter, a succession of plots and counterplots—the Rising of the North, the plots to liberate Mary Queen of Scots, and the Gunpowder Plot – each claimed a Percy among their adherents. On this account the eighth and ninth Earls spent many years in the Tower, but the tenth Earl, Algernon, fought against King Charles in the Civil War, the male line of the Percy-Louvain house ending with Josceline, the eleventh Earl. The heiress to the vast Percy estates married the Duke of Somerset; and her granddaughter married a Yorkshire knight, Sir Hugh Smithson, who in 1766 was created the first Duke of Northumberland and Earl Percy, and it is their descendants who now represent the famous old house.[9] The current duke lives at Alnwick Castle and Syon House, just outside London. Dukes of Northumberland [edit] Part of this section is transcluded from Duke of Northumberland. The title was created for the third time in 1766 for Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset (1684–1750), whose mother Lady Elizabeth Percy (1667–1722) was the last of the senior blood line of the ancient House of Percy, being the only surviving child of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670). In 1749 King George II created Algernon (who had inherited the Dukedom of Somerset in 1748) Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, of Warkworth Castle in the County of Northumberland, with special remainder to his son-in-law Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet.[10][11] The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset, which at that time was about to see its largest removal – to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created Earl of Egremont at the same time, with a different remainder.[12] In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title Lord Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son Lord Algernon Percy,[13] who succeeded and who was created Earl of Beverley in 1790, and thus it too became a courtesy title.[14] The 1st Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son, Hugh, the 2nd Duke, a lieutenant-general in the British Army. The 2nd Duke was in his turn succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh, the 3rd Duke, who in 1812, five years before he succeeded in the dukedom, had been summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Percy.[15] The 3rd Duke later held office as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1829 to 1830. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, Algernon, 1st Baron Prudhoe, the 4th Duke, who in 1814 had been created Baron Prudhoe, of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[16] The 4th Duke was an admiral in the Royal Navy and notably served as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1852. He was also childless and on his death in 1865 the barony of Prudhoe became extinct while the barony of Percy (which could be passed on through the female line) was inherited by his great-nephew, John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl. The Admiral was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his first cousin, George, the 2nd Earl of Beverley, eldest son of the second son of the 1st Duke. The barony of Lovaine and earldom of Beverley have since been merged in the dukedom as courtesy titles. The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, Algernon, the 6th Duke, who notably served as Lord Privy Seal between 1879 and 1880 under Lord Beaconsfield. The 6th Duke's eldest son, Henry, the 7th Duke, was summoned to the House of lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Lord Lovaine in 1887.[17] The 7th Duke's eldest son, Henry Percy, Earl Percy, predeceased him. He was succeeded by his fourth but eldest surviving son, Alan, the 8th Duke, whose eldest son, Henry, the 9th Duke, was killed during the retreat to Dunkirk during the Second World War. Henry was succeeded by his younger brother, Hugh, the 10th Duke. In 1957, on the death of his fourth cousin once removed, James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl, Hugh succeeded as 9th Baron Percy, the title thus re-merging with the Dukedom. As of 2012 the titles are held by his second son, Ralph, the 12th Duke, who succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1995. Northumberland Estates manages 100,000 acres (400 km2): directly managing 4,000 acres (16 km2) of forestry and 20,000 acres (81 km2) of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.[18][19][20] Other members of the Percy family [edit] Further information: Percy family Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction. Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, wife of the third Duke, was governess of the future Queen Victoria. Lord Josceline Percy, second son of the fifth Duke, was a politician. Lord Henry Percy, third son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier. Lord Algernon Percy, second son of the sixth Duke, was a politician. Lord Eustace Percy, seventh son of the seventh Duke, was a politician who was raised to the peerage as Baron Percy of Newcastle in 1953. Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, wife of the twelfth Duke, is Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland since 2009. See also Earl of Beverley for younger sons of the first Earl of Beverley. Family residences [edit] The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is Alnwick Castle, which is located in Alnwick, Northumberland.[21] The family's London residence is Syon House in Brentford, which replaced, as their London residence, the demolished Northumberland House in the Strand.[22] Warkworth and Prudhoe castles were the residences of the Earls of Northumberland in the Middle Ages, and ownership was retained by the later Dukes. Both are now in the custody of English Heritage. Albury Park is a former residence which has been converted into apartments, while the surrounding estate is still directly owned by the Duke.[23] The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the Northumberland Vault in Westminster Abbey in London, the Percys thus being the last family to maintain such a privilege. Their family vault is however nearly full, and a new private graveyard has been created in Hulne Park near Alnwick. Recurring names [edit] Recurring names in the Percy genealogy include: Henry (first borne by the 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe and his 10 immediate successors, including the 1st Earl and Harry Hotspur) Hugh (first borne by the 1st Duke) Joscelin/Josceline (first borne by Joscelin of Louvain) Algernon (first borne by the 1st Baron as a nickname: Aux Gernons or "with moustaches"). Prominent members [edit] Prominent members of the family include: William de Percy (d.1096) [fr] (d. 1096), 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, Yorkshire,[4] nicknamed "Aux Gernons" ("with moustaches"), a Norman who emigrated to England at the time of the Conquest Alan de Percy, 2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. circa 1130–5)[4] William II de Percy, 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. 1174–5), who left two daughters Maud and Agnes as co-heiresses.[24] Agnes de Percy (1134-1205), married Joscelin of Louvain (d.1180).[24] He was a son of Godfrey I, Count of Louvain of the House of Louvain, ancestor of the Dukes of Brabant , House of Hesse, and so the Mountbattens) either by his second wife, Clementia of Burgundy, or by a mistress (see Dukes of Brabant family tree). He was also brother-in-law to King Henry I, whose second wife was Joscelin's step-sister Adeliza of Louvain. Richard de Percy (d. 1244),[24] 5th feudal baron of Topcliffe, signatory to Magna Carta. Died childless. Succeeded his elder brother Henry de Percy (d.1198), the 4th Baron Topcliffe, whose son William III de Percy (1197-1245) became Richard's heir.[24] William de Percy, (1197–1245), 6th feudal baron of Topcliffe Henry de Percy, 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe (1228–1272) Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick (1273–1314), 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe and 1st baron by writ. Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1299–1352) Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (see below) Thomas Percy (d. 1369), Bishop of Norwich Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1320–1368) Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408) (forfeit 1405), helped Henry IV seize the throne, later rebelled against him Henry Percy (1364/1366–1403), also called Harry Hotspur, helped Henry IV seize the throne but later rebelled against him, killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (see below) Lady Elizabeth Percy (c. 1390 – 1437) Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1394–1455), supporter of King Henry VI, killed at the beginning of the Wars of the Roses Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (see below) Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont (1422–1460) Katherine Percy, Countess of Kent (1423 – c. 1475) Ralph Percy (d.1464), knight, Lancastrian supporter in the Wars of the Roses William Percy (1428–1462), Bishop of Carlisle Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1421–1461) (forfeit 1461), Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses, killed at the Battle of Towton Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (see below) Margaret Percy (b. c. 1447) Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (1449–1489) (restored 1470), aligned with Yorkists, present but inactive at the Battle of Bosworth Field Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (see below) Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham (1474–1530), daughter of the 4th Earl Alan Percy (c. 1480 – 1560), son of the 4th Earl, English churchman and academic Anne FitzAlan, Countess of Arundel (1485–1552), daughter of the 4th Earl Thomas Percy (1560–1605), great-grandson of the 4th Earl, participated in the Gunpowder Plot Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (1478–1527) Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1502–1537), betrothed to Anne Boleyn Thomas Percy (c. 1504 – 1537), participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt Blessed Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1528–1572) (forfeit 1571; restored 1572), led the Rising of the North Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (see below) Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (1532–1585) Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (see below) George Percy (1580–1632), explorer, author, early governor of Virginia Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632), known as "The Wizard Earl" for his intellectual pursuits, imprisoned after the Gunpowder Plot Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Leicester (c. 1598 – 1659) Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle (1599–1660) Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland (see below) Henry Percy, Baron Percy of Alnwick (d.1659), royalist in the English Civil War Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland (1602–1668), Lord High Admiral of England, later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670), no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom. Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1667–1722), only daughter and heiress of the 11th Earl Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1684–1750), son of Elizabeth Seymour Elizabeth Percy (née Seymour), Duchess of Northumberland, 2nd Baroness Percy (1716–1776), daughter and heiress of the 7th Duke of Somerset, married Sir Hugh Smithson (who adopted the name Percy) Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1714–1786), né Smithson Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817), British army officer during the American Revolutionary War Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847) Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865) Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830), second son of the 1st Duke George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland (see below) Algernon Percy (1779–1833), diplomat Hugh Percy (1784–1856), bishop Josceline Percy (1784–1856), Royal Navy officer William Henry Percy (1788–1855), Royal Navy officer George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867), politician Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (see below) Lord Josceline Percy (1811–1881), politician Lord Henry Percy (1817–1877), lieutenant-general in the British Army Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899), politician Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (see below) Lord Algernon Percy (1851–1933), politician Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918), politician Henry Percy, Earl Percy (1871–1909), politician Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (see below) Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle (1887–1958), politician Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940), killed in World War II Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (see below) Elizabeth Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon (1916–2008) Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988) Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995) Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956) Lady Katie Percy (b. 1982) George Dominic Percy, Earl Percy (b. 1984) Lady Melissa Jane Percy (b. 1987) Lord Max Percy (b. 1990), husband of Princess Nora zu Oettingen-Spielberg Family tree [edit] part of this is taken from the article on the Duke of Northumberland William de Perci aux Gernons ("with whiskers", later became a common name in the family, "Algernon") arrived in England from Normandy 1067 from Percy-en-Auge in Normandy 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, North Yorkshire (d. 1096/9) Alan de Perci 2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. circa 1130/5) William II de Perci (d. 1174/5) 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe Godfrey I, Count of LouvainIda of Chiny (1078–1117) Agnes de Perci (1134-1205)Joscelin of Louvain (d.1180) 4th feudal baron of Topcliffe Adeliza of Louvain2. King Henry I of England 1.Matilda of ScotlandDukes of Brabant Henry de PerciRichard de Perci (d. 1244) 5th feudal baron of Topcliffe Empress MatildaWilliam AdelinHouse of Hesse Mountbattens William III de Perci (1197-1245) 6th feudal baron of Topcliffe King Henry II "FitzEmpress" of England Henry de Perci (1228–1272) 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe Henri de Perci 8th feudal baron of Topcliffe 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick by writ. (1273–1314) Henry de Percy 9th feudal baron of Topcliffe 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1299–1352) Henry de Percy 10th feudal baron of Topcliffe 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1320–1368)Mary of Lancaster Thomas Percy bishop of Norwich (d. 1369) Margaret NevilleHenry Percy 11th feudal baron of Topcliffe 4th Baron Percy of Alnwick 1st Earl of Northumberland, 1377 forfeit 1405 (1341–1408) Maud Lucy heiress of Egremont Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester (1343 – 1403) Henry Percy (Hotspur) (1364 – 1403) Thomas PercyRalph PercyAlan PercyMary Percy Elizabeth (c. 1390 – 1437)Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 1416 (1394–1455) Henry 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1421 - 1461 )Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (1422 – 1460)Katherine (1423 Aft. 1475 )George Percy (1424 - 1474 )Ralph Percy ( 1425 - 1464)Richard PercyWilliam Percy Bishop of Carlisle (1428 – 1462)Joan Percy (1430 - 1482) married Lord Edmund d'Aganet, 8th Baron of Blyth Anne Percy (1436 - 1522) married Thomas Hungerford of Rowden Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland (1449–1489) (restored 1470) Sir Ralph PercyPeter PercySir Henry PercyGeorge PercyJohn Percy Henry Algernon Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland (1478–1527)Alan Percy (c. 1480 – 1560)Joscelin PercyRichard Pearce Henry Percy 6th Earl of Northumberland (1502–1537) betrothed to Anne BoleynThomas Percy (c. 1504 – 1537) participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revoltEdward Percy Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland (forfeit 1571; restored 1572) led the Rising of the North (1528–1572)Henry Percy 8th Earl of Northumberland (1532–1585)Thomas Percy convicted in the Gunpowder Plot (c. 1560 – 1605) Henry Percy 9th Earl of Northumberland "the Wizard Earl" (1564–1632)Thomas PercyWilliam PercySir Charles PercyRichard PercySir Joscelin PercySir Alan PercySir George Percy explorer, author, gov. of Virginia (1580–1632) Algernon Percy 10th Earl of Northumberland (1602–1668) Lord High Admiral of England, later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil WarHenry Percy Baron Percy of Alnwick (d.1659) royalist in the English Civil War Joceline Percy 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670) no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom Henry Percy Lord Percy (1668–1669) only son and heir apparentElizabeth Percy suo jure Baroness Percy (1667 – 1722)Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset Baron Percy (1684 – 1750) created Earl of Northumberland, with remainder to his son-in-law George Seymour Viscount Beauchamp (1725 – 1744)Elizabeth Percy suo jure 2nd Baroness Percy (1730 - 1776)Sir Hugh Percy né Smithson 4th Baronet 2nd Earl of Northumberland by special remainder, 1750, and 1st Duke of Northumberland by creation 1766 (1714 – 1786) This summary genealogical tree shows how the current house of Percy is related: Family tree of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland and Earls of Beverley King Henry III 1207–1272 Baron Percy of Alnwick (2nd creation), 1299 Henry de Percy 1273–1314 8th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 1st Baron PercyEdmund Crouchback 1245–1296 Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lancaster, Earl of DerbyKing Edward I 1239–1307 Henry de Percy 1300–1351 9th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 2nd Baron PercyHenry c. 1281–1345 Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lancaster, Earl of DerbyKing Edward II 1284–1327 Henry de Percy 1320–1368 3rd Baron PercyMary of Lancaster c. 1320–1321–1362Henry of Grosmont c. 1310–1361 Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Lancaster, 4th Earl of LeicesterKing Edward III 1312–1377 Earl of Northumberland (1st creation), 1377Earl of Worcester Henry Percy 1341–1408 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron PercyThomas Percy 1343–1403 Earl of WorcesterBlanche of Lancaster 1342–1368John of Gaunt 1340–1399 Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Earl of Richmond (attainted 1405) Henry Percy "Hotspur" c. 1365–1403Joan Beaufort c. 1379–1440John Beaufort c. 1370–1410 Earl of Somerset Earl of Northumberland (2nd creation), 1416 Henry Percy 1394–1455 2nd Earl of NorthumberlandEleanor Neville c. 1398–1472Richard Neville 1400–1460 Earl of SalisburyJohn Beaufort 1404–1444 1st Duke of SomersetEdmund Beaufort 1406–1455 2nd Duke of Somerset Earl of Northumberland (3rd creation), 1464 Henry Percy 1421–1461 3rd Earl of NorthumberlandJohn Neville c. 1431–1471 Earl of NorthumberlandEleanor Beaufort 1431–1501Margaret Beaufort 1443–1509 (forfeit 1461)(released 1470) (restored 1470) Henry Percy 1449–1489 4th Earl of NorthumberlandKing Henry VII 1457–1509 Henry Algernon Percy 1478–1527 5th Earl of NorthumberlandKatherine Spencer 1477–1542Mary Tudor (Queen of France) 1496–1533 m.(2) Charles Brandon Duke of SuffolkMargaret Tudor 1489–1541 Duke of Northumberland (1st creation), 1551 Henry Percy 1502–1537 6th Earl of NorthumberlandThomas Percy c. 1504–1537John Dudley 1504–1553 1st Duke of NorthumberlandFrances Brandon 1517–1559 m. Henry Grey Duke of SuffolkJames V of Scotland 1512–1542 (attainted 1537)(extinct 1553) Earl of Northumberland (2nd creation) restored and Baron Percy of Alnwick (3rd creation), 1557 Thomas Percy 1528–1572 7th Earl of Northumberland, 1st Baron PercyHenry Percy 1532–1585 8th Earl of Northumberland, 2nd Baron PercyGuildford Dudley c. 1535–1554Jane Grey c. 1537–1554Lady Katherine Grey 1540–1568 m. Edward Seymour Earl of HertfordMary, Queen of Scots 1542–1587 Henry Percy 1564–1632 9th Earl of Northumberland, 3rd Baron PercyEdward Seymour 1561–1612 Viscount BeauchampKing James VI and I 1566–1625 Algernon Percy 1602–1668 10th Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron PercyFrancis Seymour c. 1590–1664 Baron Seymour of TrowbridgeKing Charles I 1600–1649 Josceline Percy 1644–1670 11th Earl of Northumberland, 5th Baron PercyCharles Seymour c. 1621–1665 Baron Seymour of TrowbridgeKing Charles II 1630–1685 Earldom of Northumberland and Barony Percy extinct, 1670 Earl of Northumberland (4th creation), Viscount Falmouth (1st creation), and Baron of Pontefract, 1674 Duke of Northumberland (2nd creation), 1683 Elizabeth Seymour 1667–1722Charles Seymour 1662–1748 Duke of SomersetGeorge FitzRoy 1665–1716 Duke of Northumberland, Earl of Northumberland, Viscount Falmouth, Baron of Pontefract Earldom of Northumberland and Dukedom of Northumberland extinct, 1716 Baron Percy (4th creation) created erroneously, 1722 Earl of Northumberland (5th creation) and Baron Warkworth, 1749 Algernon Seymour 1684–1750 Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 1st Baron Percy Duke of Northumberland (3rd creation), 1766 Lord Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland Hugh Percy formerly Hugh Smithson 1714–1786 1st Duke of Northumberland, 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 1st Baron Lovaine, 4th Baronet SmithsonElizabeth Seymour 1716–1776 2nd Baroness Percy suo jure Earl of Beverley, 1790 Hugh Percy 1742–1817 2nd Duke of Northumberland, 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 3rd Baron PercyAlgernon Percy 1750–1830 1st Earl of Beverley, 2nd Baron Lovaine Baron Prudhoe, of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, 1814 Hugh Percy 1785–1847 3rd Duke of Northumberland, 4th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 4th Baron PercyEmily Frances Percy 1789–1844Algernon Percy 1792–1865 4th Duke of Northumberland, 5th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 1st Baron Prudhoe, 5th Baron PercyGeorge Percy 1778–1867 5th Duke of Northumberland, 6th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 3rd Baron Lovaine Barony Prudhoe extinct, 1865 George Augustus Frederick John Murray 1814–1864 6th Duke of Atholl, 11th Baron StrangeAlgernon George Percy 1810–1899 6th Duke of Northumberland, 7th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 3rd Earl of Beverley, 4th Baron Lovaine John James Hugh Henry Stewart-Murray 1840–1917 7th Duke of Atholl, 12th Baron Strange, 6th Baron PercyHenry George Percy 1846–1918 7th Duke of Northumberland, 8th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 4th Earl of Beverley, 5th Baron Lovaine John George Stewart-Murray 1871–1942 8th Duke of Atholl, 13th Baron Strange, 7th Baron PercyJames Thomas Stewart-Murray 1879–1957 9th Duke of Atholl, 14th Baron Strange, 8th Baron PercyAlan Ian Percy 1880–1930 8th Duke of Northumberland, 9th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 5th Earl of Beverley, 6th Baron Lovaine Henry George Alan Percy 1912–1940 9th Duke of Northumberland, 10th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 6th Earl of Beverley, 7th Baron LovaineHugh Algernon Percy 1914–1988 10th Duke of Northumberland, 11th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 7th Earl of Beverley, 8th Baron Lovaine, 9th Baron Percy Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy 1953–1995 11th Duke of Northumberland, 12th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 8th Earl of Beverley, 9th Baron Lovaine, 10th Baron PercyRalph George Algernon Percy b. 1956 12th Duke of Northumberland, 13th Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, 9th Earl of Beverley, 10th Baron Lovaine, 11th Baron Percy George Dominic Percy b. 1984 styled Earl Percy Heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland This shows the descent of the present Percy family from the current creation of the 1st Duke of Northumberland: DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1766 Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1714–1786) formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt.Elizabeth Seymour, 2nd Baroness Percy (1716–1776) Earl of Beverley Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817)Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830) Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847)Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865)George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867) Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899) Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918) Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940)Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988) Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995)Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956) Coats of arms [edit] Paternal arms of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (1273–1314): Azure, five fusils in fess or,[25]("Percy ancient") which he abandoned in favour of right: Or, a lion rampant azure ("Percy modern"/Brabant)[26] Both arms were quartered by the Percy Earls of Northumberland and remain quartered by the present Duke of Northumberland Arms of original de Perci family Arms of the Percy family descended from Joscelin de Louvain Sir Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, KG Coat of arms of Percy and Lucy families quartered, arms of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland. Henry Percy, "Hotspur" Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, KG.png Sir Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, KG Sir Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, KG Sir Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, KG Sir Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, KG Sir Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, KG Sir Algernon Percy, 10 Earl of Northumberland, KG Arms of Smithson of Stanwick, Yorkshire (ancient): Argent, a chevron engrailed sable between three oak leaves erect slipped vert[27] Augmented arms of Smithson Baronets of Stanwick to Sir Hugh Smithson, 1st Baronet by King Charles II of England for loyalty: Or, on a chief embattled azure three suns proper[28] Arms of Hugh (Smithson) Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland. Duke of Northumberland Current duke of Northumberland Buildings associated with the Percy family [edit] Topcliffe Castle, Yorkshire, recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as held by William I de Percy (d.1096), whom it served as the caput of the feudal barony of Topcliffe. The Percy family's most ancient English seat. Petworth, Sussex, acquired by Joscelin of Louvain (d.1180), husband of Agnes de Percy, one of the two daughters and co-heiresses of William II de Percy (d.1174–5), feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire (grandson of William I de Percy (d.1096)). Jocelin's younger son Richard "de Percy" (d.1244) adopted the surname "de Percy" and inherited his father's estate of Petworth and a moiety of his maternal barony of Topcliffe. Richard died without progeny when his estates descended to his nephew William III "de Percy" (1197-1245), grandson of Jocelin de Louvain, who had inherited the other moiety of Topcliffe from his great-aunt Maud de Percy.[30] Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, purchased in 1309 by Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (1273–1314) from Anthony Bek, Prince Bishop of Durham.[31] Warkworth Castle, Northumberland Cockermouth Castle, Cumbria, inherited by Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341-1408) and his heirs male, from his 2nd wife Maud de Lucy, sister and heiress of Anthony de Lucy, 3rd Baron Lucy (d.1368), on condition that they should bear the arms of Lucy (Gules, three lucies hauriant argent) quarterly with their own.[32] Egremont Castle, Cumbria, purchased in 1529 by Henry Percy, 15th Earl of Northumberland from Robert Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Sussex (1483–1542).[33] Leconfield Castle, Yorkshire. Syon House, Isleworth, Middlesex, the former Syon Monastery, acquired in 1594 by Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564-1632). Following the death of his grandson Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset in 1750, the former Percy estates were split between the Smithson ("Percy", Duke of Northumberland) and Wyndham (Earl of Egremont) families See also [edit] Percy (surname) Percy (given name) Percy (disambiguation) References [edit]
21752	yago	3	73	http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/D1.htm	en				[ "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/D1.htm6.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Next.jpg", "http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~cnoelldunc/genealogy/Medieval/Plantagenet/Prev.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Descendants of: The Plantagenet Kings of England 1113-1350 Nine Generations First Generation 1. Geoffrey V "The Fair" Plantagenet, Count of Anjou & Maine , son of Foulques V , Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem and Ermengard of Maine , was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Maine, France, died in 1158 in Chateau du Loire, Eure-et-Loire, France, and was buried in Cathedral, Le Mans, France. Geoffrey married Matilda "Beauclerc" , Empress of Germany, Queen of England , daughter of Henry I "Beauclerc" , King of England and Matilda Edith Atheling, Princess of Scotland , on 26 Aug 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Matilda was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Royal Palace In Sutton Courtenay (Berkshire), died on 10 Sep 1169 in Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine Inferieure, France, and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Maine, France. Children: + 2 M i. Henry II Fitzempress Curtmantle Plantagenet was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Anjou, Maine, France, and was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Maine, France. Children: + 3 M i. Hamelin Plantagenet, Earl of Surrey was born in 1130 in Normandy, France, died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England, and was buried on 7 May 1202 in Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England. Second Generation 2. Henry II Fitzempress Curtmantle Plantagenet was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Maine, France, died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Anjou, Maine, France, and was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Maine, France. Henry II, the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Henry I's daughter Matilda, was the first in a long line of 14 Plantagenet kings, stretching from Henry II's accession through to Richard III's death in 1485. Within that line, however, four distinct Royal Houses can be identified: Angevin, Plantagenet, Lancaster and York. The first Angevin King, Henry II, began the period as arguably the most powerful monarch in Europe, with lands stretching from the Scottish borders to the Pyrenees. In addition, Ireland was added to his inheritance, a mission entrusted to him by Pope Adrian IV (the only English Pope). A new administrative zeal was evident at the beginning of the period and an efficient system of government was formulated. The justice system developed. However there were quarrels with the Church, which became more powerful following the murder of Thomas ï¿½ Becket. As with many of his predecessors, Henry II spent much of his time away from England fighting abroad. This was taken to an extreme by his son Richard, who spent only 10 months of a ten-year reign in the country due to his involvement in the crusades. The last of the Angevin kings was John, whom history has judged harshly. By 1205, six years into his reign, only a fragment of the vast Angevin empire acquired by Henry II remained. John quarrelled with the Pope over the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury, eventually surrendering. He was also forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, which restated the rights of the church, the barons and all in the land. John died in ignominy, having broken the contract, leading the nobles to summon aid from France and creating a precarious position for his heir, Henry III. Henry married Eleanor of Aquitaine , Duchess of Aquitaine , daughter of Guillaume (William) X "The Toulousan" , Duke of Aquitaine & Guyenne and Eleanor de Chatellerault , on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, France. Eleanor was born in 1122 in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France, died on 19 Dec 1154 in Mirabell Castle, Tarn-Et-Garonne, France, and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Maine, France. Children: + 4 F i. Eleanor Plantagenet, Princess of England, Queen of Castile was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandy, France, died on 25 Oct 1214 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain, and was buried in Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Spain. + 5 M ii. John I "Lackland" Plantagenet, King of England & Ireland was born on 24 Dec 1167 in King's Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Bishop of Lincoln's Castle at Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, England. 3. Hamelin Plantagenet, Earl of Surrey was born in 1130 in Normandy, France, died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England, and was buried on 7 May 1202 in Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England. Hamelin married Isabel de Warenne, Countess of Surrey , daughter of William III de Warenne and Adelia de Talvas , in Apr 1164 in East Surrey, England. Isabel was born in 1143 in Surrey, England, died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England, and was buried in Chapter House, Lewes, Sussex, Canterbury, England. Children: + 6 F i. Ida (Isabel) Plantagenet, Countess of Norfolk,Suffolk was born in 1154 in Thetford Castle, Norfolk, England and died in Thetford Norfolk England. Third Generation 4. Eleanor Plantagenet, Princess of England, Queen of Castile was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandy, France, died on 25 Oct 1214 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain, and was buried in Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Spain. Eleanor married Alfonso VIII "the Noble" , King of Castile , son of Sancho III "the Desired" Alfonsez , King of Castile and Blanca , Princess of Navarre , on 22 Sep 1177 in Burgos, Castile, Spain. Alfonso was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Soria, Castile, Spain, died on 6 Oct 1214 in Gutierre Munoz, Avila, Castile, Spain, and was buried in Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. Children: + 7 F i. Berengaria of Leon Queen of Castile was born in Aug 1181 in Segovia, Castile, Spain and died on 8 Nov 1244 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. 5. John I "Lackland" Plantagenet, King of England & Ireland was born on 24 Dec 1167 in King's Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, died on 19 Oct 1216 in Bishop of Lincoln's Castle at Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, and was buried in Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, England. John married Agatha de Ferrers , daughter of William de Ferrers, Lord of Oakham and Sibilla de Braose. Agatha was born in 1168 in Charltey, Staffordshire, England. Children: + 8 F i. Joan Plantagenet, Princess of Nor was born on 22 Jul 1188 in Coucy, Alsne, France, died on 2 Feb 1237 in Aberconwy, Arllechwedd Isaf, Caernarvonshire, Wales, and was buried in Llan-Faes, Dindaethwy, Anglesey, Wales. John married Isabel Fitzrichard de Clare, Countess of Pembroke & Strigoil , daughter of Richard "Strongbow" Fitzgilbert de Clare and Aoife Eva MacMurchada, Princess of Leinster , on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire. Isabel was born in 1171 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales, died on 14 Oct 1217 in Caversham Manor, Berkshire, England, and was buried on 18 Nov 1217 in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthshire, Wales. John married Isabella Taillefer, Queen of England , daughter of Aymer de Valence Taillefer, of Angouleme and Alice de Courtney Capet , on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux. Isabella was born about 1188 in Angouleme, Aquitaine, France, died on 31 May 1246 in Maine-et-Loire, France, and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, Maine, France. Children: + 9 M i. Henry III Plantagenet, King of England was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in St. Edmunds, Middlesex, England, and was buried on 20 Nov 1272 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. 6. Ida (Isabel) Plantagenet, Countess of Norfolk,Suffolk was born in 1154 in Thetford Castle, Norfolk, England and died in Thetford Norfolk England. Ida married Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk,Suffolk Magna Charta Surety , son of Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk & Suffolk and Juliana de Vere, Countess of Norfolk & Suffolk . Roger was born about 1150 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England, died on 2 Aug 1221 in Thetford Norfolk England, and was buried in Thetford Norfolk England. Children: + 10 M i. Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk & Suffolk, Magna Carta Surety was born in 1186 in Thetford Norfolk England and died in Feb 1224 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Fourth Generation 7. Berengaria of Leon Queen of Castile was born in Aug 1181 in Segovia, Castile, Spain and died on 8 Nov 1244 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. Berengaria married Alfonso IX "the Slobberer" , King of Leon in Dec 1197 in Valladolid, Spain. Alfonso was born on 15 Aug 1171 in Zamora, Leon, Spain and died on 24 Sep 1230 in Villanueva de Sarria, Castile, Spain. Children: + 11 M i. Fernando III "The Saint" King of Castile & Leon was born on 5 Aug 1201 in Castile, Spain, died on 30 May 1252 in Seville Spain, and was buried in Cathedral of Seville, Andalucia, Southern Spain. + 12 F ii. Constanza Alfï¿½nsez Princess of Castile & Leon was born in Zamora, Leon, Spain and died on 4 Oct 1160. 8. Joan Plantagenet, Princess of Nor was born on 22 Jul 1188 in Coucy, Alsne, France, died on 2 Feb 1237 in Aberconwy, Arllechwedd Isaf, Caernarvonshire, Wales, and was buried in Llan-Faes, Dindaethwy, Anglesey, Wales. Joan married Llewellyn 'The Great' , Prince of North Wales , son of Iowerth ap Owain , Prince of Gwynedd & North Wales and Margred verch Madog , in 1205 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. Llewellyn was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Aberffraw, island of Anglesey, Wales, died on 11 Apr 1240 in Caernarvonshire, North Wales, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland. Children: + 13 F i. Margaret Llywelyn Princess of North Wales was born about 1218 in Gwynedd, Caernarvonshire, Wales, died after 1263 1264 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Herefordshjire, England, and was buried in Priory Church, Aconbury, Herefordshire, England. 9. Henry III Plantagenet, King of England was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England, died on 16 Nov 1272 in St. Edmunds, Middlesex, England, and was buried on 20 Nov 1272 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Henry married Eleonore , Countess of Provence, Queen of England , daughter of Berenger V , Count of Provence and Beatrice , Countess of Savoie , on 14 Jan 1235 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England. Eleonore was born about 1223 in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-Du-Rhone, France, died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England, and was buried on 11 Sep 1291 in Monastery, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. Children: + 14 M i. Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King Of England was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, Middlesex, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. + 15 M ii. Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet, Prince of England--1st Earl of Leicester was born on 16 Jan 1244 in London, England and died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne. 10. Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk & Suffolk, Magna Carta Surety was born in 1186 in Thetford Norfolk England and died in Feb 1224 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Hugh married Maude Matilda Marshall, Countess of Pembroke,Strigoil , daughter of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster and Isabel Fitzrichard de Clare, Countess of Pembroke & Strigoil , in 1207. Maude was born about 1190 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales, died on 27 Mar 1248 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England, and was buried in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthshire, Wales. Children: + 16 F i. Isabel (Alice) Bigod was born in 1210 in Thetford Norfolk England, died in 1230 in Worcester, England, and was buried in Greyfriars Parish Church, Reading, Berkshire, England. Fifth Generation 11. Fernando III "The Saint" King of Castile & Leon was born on 5 Aug 1201 in Castile, Spain, died on 30 May 1252 in Seville Spain, and was buried in Cathedral of Seville, Andalucia, Southern Spain. Fernando married Joanna de Dammartin, Queen of Castile , daughter of Simon II de Dammartin, Count of Dammartin and Marie Jeanne , Countess of Ponthieu , in 1237 in Burgos, Spain. Joanna was born in 1216 in Dammartin, Seine-et-Marne, France and died on 16 Mar 1278 in Abbeville, Somme, France. Children: 17 F i. Eleanor of Castile de Ponthieu, Queen of England was born in 1244 in Burgos, Castille, Spain, died on 24 Nov 1290 in Heredeby, Lincolnshire, England, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Eleanor married Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King Of England , son of Henry III Plantagenet, King of England and Eleonore , Countess of Provence, Queen of England , in Oct 1254 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. Edward was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, Middlesex, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. 12. Constanza Alfï¿½nsez Princess of Castile & Leon was born in Zamora, Leon, Spain and died on 4 Oct 1160. Constanza married Louis VII Capet, King of France , son of Louis VI "The Fat" Capet, King of France and Alix de Maurienne , Comtesse de Savoie . Louis was born about 1120 in Fontainebleu, France and died on 18 Sep 1180 in Paris, Seine, France. Children: + 18 F i. Anna Capet, Princess of France was born about 1138 in Paris, Seine, France and died about 1240 in Constantinople, Turkey. 13. Margaret Llywelyn Princess of North Wales was born about 1218 in Gwynedd, Caernarvonshire, Wales, died after 1263 1264 in Clifford Castle, Clifford, Herefordshjire, England, and was buried in Priory Church, Aconbury, Herefordshire, England. Margaret married John Tadody de Braose, Lord of Bramber , son of William "The Younger" de Braose and Maud Matilda de Clare . John was born in 1198 in Bramber, Sussexshire, England and died on 18 Jul 1232 in Bramber, Sussexshire, England. Children: + 19 M i. Sir Richard de Braose, Lord of Stinton Manor was born about 1232 in Bramber, Sussex, England and died about 1292 in Stinton Hall, Norfolk, Norfolk, England. 14. Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King Of England was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, Middlesex, London, England, died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Edward married Eleanor of Castile de Ponthieu, Queen of England , daughter of Fernando III "The Saint" , King of Castile & Leon and Joanna de Dammartin, Queen of Castile , in Oct 1254 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. Eleanor was born in 1244 in Burgos, Castille, Spain, died on 24 Nov 1290 in Heredeby, Lincolnshire, England, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Children: + 20 F i. Joan "of Acre" Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester & Hereford was born in 1272 in Acre, Palestine, Hazafon, Israel, Northern Kingdom, died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England, and was buried on 26 Apr 1307 in Austin Friars', Clare, Suffolk, England. + 21 F ii. Elizabeth Plantagenet was born in Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Flint, Wales and died on 5 May 1316 in Guendon, Essex, England. 15. Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet, Prince of England--1st Earl of Leicester was born on 16 Jan 1244 in London, England and died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne. Edmund married Blanche Capet-Artois , daughter of Robert I Capet-Artois, Count of Artois and Mahaut Maud Matilda de Brabant . Blanche was born about 1248 in Arras, France and died in May 1302 in Paris, Seine, France. Children: + 22 M i. Henry Plantagenet-Lancaster, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 22 Sep 1345, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicester. 16. Isabel (Alice) Bigod was born in 1210 in Thetford Norfolk England, died in 1230 in Worcester, England, and was buried in Greyfriars Parish Church, Reading, Berkshire, England. Isabel married Sir John Gernon , son of Sir John de Gernon, Lord of Lexton and Alice de Coleville , in 1332. John was born in 1314 in Leeys Manor, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 13 Jan 1383 in England. Children: + 23 F i. Margaret Gernon was born in 1350 in Leeys Manor, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 6 Jun 1413 in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Isabel married John Fitz Geoffrey, Justiciar of Ireland , son of Geoffrey Fitz Piers, Earl of Essex and Avelina de Clare . John Fitz Geoffrey, Justiciar of Ireland died on 23 Nov 1258. Children: + 24 F i. Maud Fitz John died about 7 May 1301. Sixth Generation 18. Anna Capet, Princess of France was born about 1138 in Paris, Seine, France and died about 1240 in Constantinople, Turkey. Anna married Aldhelm de Mortaigne , son of William de Mortaigne, Earl Of Cornwall and Isabel Fitz Richard de Clare . Aldhelm was born about 1085 in Cornwall, England. Children: + 25 M i. William de Burgh was born about 1157 in Burgh-Next-Aylash, Norfolk, England and died about 1198 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Anna married William III de Ponthieu on 20 Aug 1195 in Castile, Spain. William was born in 1179 in Roches, France and died in 1221 in Roches, France. Children: + 26 F i. Marie Jeanne Countess of Ponthieu was born on 17 Apr 1191 in Aumale, Seine, Maritime, France and died in Sep 1250. 19. Sir Richard de Braose, Lord of Stinton Manor was born about 1232 in Bramber, Sussex, England and died about 1292 in Stinton Hall, Norfolk, Norfolk, England. Richard married Alice de Rus , daughter of William de Rus, of Stinton and Agatha de Clare , in Sep 1265. Alice was born about 1245 in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England and died on 28 Jan 1301 in Woodbridge, Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. Children: + 27 F i. Margaret de Braose was born in 1260 in Pipton, Breconshire, Ireland and died on 12 May 1335 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England. 20. Joan "of Acre" Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester & Hereford was born in 1272 in Acre, Palestine, Hazafon, Israel, Northern Kingdom, died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England, and was buried on 26 Apr 1307 in Austin Friars', Clare, Suffolk, England. Joan married Gilbert "The Red" de Clare, 3rd Earl of Gloucester , son of Sir Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Margaret de Burgh, Princess of Scotland , on 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Gilbert was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England and died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouth, Wales. Children: + 28 F i. Margaret de Clare was born in 1292 in Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England, died on 13 Apr 1342 in Roches, France, and was buried in Tunbridge Priory, Kent, Kent County, England. Joan married Baron Thomas de Clifford, 8th Lord Clifford , son of John de Clifford, 7th Baron Clifford, Sheriff of Westmoreland, M.P. and Lady Elizabeth de Percy . Thomas was born on 25 Mar 1414 in Lancaster, England, died on 14 May 1455 in St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England, and was buried in Abbey Church, St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Children: + 29 F i. Elizabeth de Clifford was born about 1437 in Lancaster, England. 21. Elizabeth Plantagenet was born in Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Flint, Wales and died on 5 May 1316 in Guendon, Essex, England. Elizabeth married Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford , son of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Maud de Fiennes , on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster, Middlesex, London, England. Humphrey was born in 1276 in Hereford, England, died on 16 Mar 1322 in Baronghbridge, Yorkshire, England, and was buried in Priarking, Friare, Yorkshire, England. Children: + 30 F i. Margaret de Bohun was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391, and was buried on 27 Dec 1391 in Exeter Cathedral, Exeter, Devonshire, England. 22. Henry Plantagenet-Lancaster, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 22 Sep 1345, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicester. Henry married Maud de Chaworth , daughter of Patrick de Chaworth and Isabel de Beauchamp , in 1298. Maud was born in 1280. Children: + 31 F i. Eleanor Plantagenet-Lancaster died on 11 Jan 1372. + 32 F ii. Mary Plantagenet-Lancaster was born in 1320 and died in Jul 1369. 23. Margaret Gernon was born in 1350 in Leeys Manor, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 6 Jun 1413 in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Margaret married Sir John de Peyton, of Peyton Hall . John was born in 1346 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died in 1394 in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 33 M i. Sir John de Peyton was born in 1364 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died in 1394 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. 24. Maud Fitz John died about 7 May 1301. Maud married William de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick , son of William de Beauchamp, 5th Baron of Elmley Castle and Isabel Mauduit . William was born in 1237 in Castle Elmley, Worcestershire, England and died on 22 Jun 1298 in Castle Elmley, Worcestershire, England. Children: + 34 F i. Isabel de Beauchamp died before 30 May 1306. Seventh Generation 25. William de Burgh was born about 1157 in Burgh-Next-Aylash, Norfolk, England and died about 1198 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. William married Juliana d' Aisnel , daughter of Robert d' Aisnel and Unknown . Juliana was born about 1112 in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: + 35 M i. Walter de Burgh was born about 1133 in Burgh-Next-Aylash, Norfolk, England and died in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. 26. Marie Jeanne Countess of Ponthieu was born on 17 Apr 1191 in Aumale, Seine, Maritime, France and died in Sep 1250. Marie married Simon II de Dammartin, Count of Dammartin about 1212 in Aumale, Seine, Maritime, France. Simon was born in 1180 in Dammartin, Seine-et-Marne, France and died on 11 Sep 1239 in Abbeville, Somme, France. Children: 36 F i. Joanna de Dammartin, Queen of Castile was born in 1216 in Dammartin, Seine-et-Marne, France and died on 16 Mar 1278 in Abbeville, Somme, France. Joanna married Fernando III "The Saint" , King of Castile & Leon , son of Alfonso IX "the Slobberer" , King of Leon and Berengaria of Leon , Queen of Castile , in 1237 in Burgos, Spain. Fernando was born on 5 Aug 1201 in Castile, Spain, died on 30 May 1252 in Seville Spain, and was buried in Cathedral of Seville, Andalucia, Southern Spain. 27. Margaret de Braose was born in 1260 in Pipton, Breconshire, Ireland and died on 12 May 1335 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England. Margaret married Sir M. Roger de Coleville, Lord Colville , son of Walter de Coleville and Isabella de Albiniaco . M. was born in 1251 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England, died on 6 Mar 1287 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England, and was buried in Stanford, Lincolnshire, England. Children: + 37 F i. Alice de Coleville was born about 1286 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England and died on 28 Feb 1334. 28. Margaret de Clare was born in 1292 in Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England, died on 13 Apr 1342 in Roches, France, and was buried in Tunbridge Priory, Kent, Kent County, England. Margaret married Hugh de Audley, Earl Of Gloucester . Hugh was born about 1298 in Stratton Audley, Oxford, England, died on 10 Nov 1347 in Roches, France, and was buried in Tonbridge Priory, Kent, England. Children: + 38 F i. Baroness Margaret de Audley was born about 1315 in Stafford, Staffordshire, England and died on 7 Sep 1349 in Staffordshire, England. + 39 F ii. Alice de Audley was born about 1326 in Stratton Audley, Oxford, England. 29. Elizabeth de Clifford was born about 1437 in Lancaster, England. Elizabeth married Sir William Plumpton, Magna Charta Surety , son of Sir William Plumpton and Elizabeth Stapleton . William was born in 1435 in Knaresborough, West Riding, Yorkshire, England and died in 1462. Children: + 40 F i. Elizabeth Plumpton was born in 1451 in Plumpton, Yorkshire, England and died on 21 Sep 1506 in Stockfaston, Leicester, England. 30. Margaret de Bohun was born on 3 Apr 1311 in Northamptonshire, England, died on 16 Dec 1391, and was buried on 27 Dec 1391 in Exeter Cathedral, Exeter, Devonshire, England. The marriage of Sir Hugh Courtenay to Margaret de Bohun, Edward I's granddaughter, in 1325, spread the royal blood through the West Country. Margaret married Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon on 11 Aug 1325. Hugh was born on 12 Jul 1303 in Okehampton, Devonshire, England, died on 2 May 1377 in Devonshire, England, and was buried in Exeter Cathedral, Devon, England, England. Children: + 41 F i. Margaret de Courtenay, Baroness of Cobham was born in 1329 in Exeter, Devon, Devonshire, England and died on 2 Aug 1385 in Devonshire, England. 31. Eleanor Plantagenet-Lancaster died on 11 Jan 1372. Eleanor married Richard Fitz Alan . Richard Fitz Alan died on 24 Jan 1375. Children: + 42 F i. Alice Fitz Alan died on 17 Mar 1416. 32. Mary Plantagenet-Lancaster was born in 1320 and died in Jul 1369. Mary married Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron of Alnwick , son of Baron Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron de Percy and Idoine de Clifford . Henry was born in 1320 in York, England and died about 18 May 1368. Children: + 43 M i. Henry de Percy, 4th Lord Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 10 Nov 1341 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England and died on 19 Feb 1407 in Bramham Moor, Tadcaster, York, England. 33. Sir John de Peyton was born in 1364 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died in 1394 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. John married Lady Joan Sutton , daughter of Sir Hamon Sutton and Margaret Vavaxour . Joan was born in 1368 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 44 M i. Sir John de Peyton, of Peyton Hall was born in 1392 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 6 Oct 1416 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. 34. Isabel de Beauchamp died before 30 May 1306. Isabel married Patrick de Chaworth . Patrick was born in 1253 in Kidwelle, Wales and died about 7 Jul 1283. Children: 45 F i. Maud de Chaworth was born in 1280. Maud married Henry Plantagenet-Lancaster, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester , son of Edmund "Crouchback" Plantagenet, Prince of England--1st Earl of Leicester and Blanche Capet-Artois , in 1298. Henry was born about 1281 in Grosmont Castle, Monmouthshire, England, died on 22 Sep 1345, and was buried in Newark Abbey, Leicester. Eighth Generation 35. Walter de Burgh was born about 1133 in Burgh-Next-Aylash, Norfolk, England and died in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Walter married Alice (de Burgh) about 1157 in Aylsham, Norfolk, England. Alice was born in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died in Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: + 46 M i. Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Chief Justiciar of England was born about 1169 in Kent County, England, died on 12 May 1243 in Banstead, Surry, England, and was buried in Black Friars Church, Holborn, London, England. 37. Alice de Coleville was born about 1286 in Castle Bytham, Stanford, Lincolnshire, England and died on 28 Feb 1334. Alice married Sir John de Gernon, Lord of Lexton , son of William de Gernon, of Bakewell, East Thorpe, Essex and Hawise de Tregoz , in 1313. John was born in 1297 in East Thorpe & Lexton Hundred, Essex, England and died in 1334. Children: 47 M i. Sir John Gernon was born in 1314 in Leeys Manor, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 13 Jan 1383 in England. John married Isabel (Alice) Bigod , daughter of Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk & Suffolk, Magna Carta Surety and Maude Matilda Marshall, Countess of Pembroke,Strigoil , in 1332. Isabel was born in 1210 in Thetford Norfolk England, died in 1230 in Worcester, England, and was buried in Greyfriars Parish Church, Reading, Berkshire, England. 38. Baroness Margaret de Audley was born about 1315 in Stafford, Staffordshire, England and died on 7 Sep 1349 in Staffordshire, England. Margaret married Ralph Stafford, Earl Of Stafford , son of Edmund Stafford and Margaret Basset . Ralph was born on 24 Sep 1301 in Tunbridge, Staffordshire, England and died on 31 Aug 1372 in Tunbridge, Staffordshire, England. Children: + 48 F i. Katherine (Catherine) Stafford was born about 1340 in Tunbridge, Staffordshire, England and died about 25 Dec 1361 in Staffordshire, England. 39. Alice de Audley was born about 1326 in Stratton Audley, Oxford, England. Alice married Lord Ralph de Neville, K.G., 4th Lord Neville of Raby , son of Baron John de Neville, 3rd Lord Neville and Maud de Percy . Ralph was born about 1335 in Raby, Durham, England and died on 21 Oct 1425 in Castle Raby, Raby, Durham, England. Children: 49 F i. Margaret de Neville was born about 1349 in Raby, Durham, England and died in May 1372. Margaret married Henry de Percy, 4th Lord Percy, Earl of Northumberland , son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron of Alnwick and Mary Plantagenet-Lancaster . Henry was born on 10 Nov 1341 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England and died on 19 Feb 1407 in Bramham Moor, Tadcaster, York, England. 40. Elizabeth Plumpton was born in 1451 in Plumpton, Yorkshire, England and died on 21 Sep 1506 in Stockfaston, Leicester, England. Elizabeth married John Sothill , son of Henry Sotehyll and Anne Boyvill . John was born in 1440 in Stockfaston, Leicestershire, England and died before 7 Oct 1494 in Stockfaston, Leicester, England. Children: + 50 M i. Henry Sothill, Attorney-general to Henry VII was born in Stoke Faston, Leicester County, England and died before 16 May 1506. 41. Margaret de Courtenay, Baroness of Cobham was born in 1329 in Exeter, Devon, Devonshire, England and died on 2 Aug 1385 in Devonshire, England. Margaret married John de Cobham . John was born about 1333 in England, died on 10 Jan 1407, and was buried in Greyfriars Parish Church, Reading, Berkshire, England. Children: + 51 F i. Joan de Cobham was born about 1359 in England and died about 1388. 42. Alice Fitz Alan died on 17 Mar 1416. Alice married Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent on 10 Apr 1364. Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent died on 23 Apr 1397. Children: + 52 F i. Eleanor de Holland . 43. Henry de Percy, 4th Lord Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 10 Nov 1341 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England and died on 19 Feb 1407 in Bramham Moor, Tadcaster, York, England. Henry married Margaret de Neville , daughter of Lord Ralph de Neville, K.G., 4th Lord Neville of Raby and Alice de Audley . Margaret was born about 1349 in Raby, Durham, England and died in May 1372. Children: + 53 M i. Sir Henry "Hotspur" de Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 20 May 1364 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England and died on 21 Jul 1403 in Battle of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. 44. Sir John de Peyton, of Peyton Hall was born in 1392 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 6 Oct 1416 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. John married Grace Burgoyne , daughter of John Burgoyne, of Drayton, Cambridge and Ellen Mallory . Grace was born in 1392 in Drayton, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 6 May 1439 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 54 M i. Sir Thomas Peyton was born on 14 Feb 1416 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 30 Jul 1484 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. 55 M ii. John Peyton was born in 1412 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 29 Oct 1432. Ninth Generation 46. Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Chief Justiciar of England was born about 1169 in Kent County, England, died on 12 May 1243 in Banstead, Surry, England, and was buried in Black Friars Church, Holborn, London, England. Hubert married Margaret , Princess of Scotland , daughter of William I "The Lion" , King of Scotland and Ermengarde de Beaumont , in Jun 1221 in Scotland. Margaret was born about 1200 in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland and died in 1259 in England. Children: + 56 F i. Margaret de Burgh, Princess of Scotland was born about 1226 in Galway, Ireland and died in Nov 1237 in Ashenfield Manor, Waltham, Kent, England. Hubert married Isabel Fitzrichard de Clare, Countess of Pembroke & Strigoil , daughter of Richard "Strongbow" Fitzgilbert de Clare and Aoife Eva MacMurchada, Princess of Leinster , about Oct 1217. Isabel was born in 1171 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales, died on 14 Oct 1217 in Caversham Manor, Berkshire, England, and was buried on 18 Nov 1217 in Tintern Abbey, Chapel Hill, Monmouthshire, Wales. 48. Katherine (Catherine) Stafford was born about 1340 in Tunbridge, Staffordshire, England and died about 25 Dec 1361 in Staffordshire, England. Katherine married John III Sutton , son of John Dudly II Sutton and Isabelle de Cherleton . John was born on 25 Dec 1401 in Dudley Castle, Dudley, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England and died on 13 Sep 1487 in Staffordshire, England. Children: + 57 M i. Sir John IV Sutton was born on 6 Dec 1361 in Dudley Castle, Dudley, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England and died on 10 Mar 1396 in Staffordshire, England. 50. Henry Sothill, Attorney-general to Henry VII was born in Stoke Faston, Leicester County, England and died before 16 May 1506. Henry married Jane (Joan) Empson , daughter of Richard Empson and Jane (Empson) . Jane was born about 1466 in Stokerstone, England. Children: + 58 F i. Elizabeth Sothill was born in Leicester, Leicestershire, England and died on 19 May 1575 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England. 51. Joan de Cobham was born about 1359 in England and died about 1388. Joan married Sir John de la Pole , son of Sir William de la Pole and Margaret Peveral . John was born about 1357 in Chriswell, Essex, England. Children: + 59 F i. Joan de la Pole, Baroness of Cobham was born about 1372 in Chrishall, Essex, England, died on 13 Jan 1434 in Cobham, Kent, England, and was buried in Mary Magdalen, Cobham, Kent, England. 52. Eleanor de Holland . Eleanor married Thomas de Montagu, Earl of Salisbury . Thomas de Montagu, Earl of Salisbury died in 1421. Children: + 60 F i. Alice Montagu died in 1463. 53. Sir Henry "Hotspur" de Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 20 May 1364 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England and died on 21 Jul 1403 in Battle of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. Henry married Elizabeth de Mortimer , daughter of Edward de Mortimer, Earl of March and Lady Philippa Plantagenet . Elizabeth was born on 12 Feb 1370 in Usk, Monmouth, England and died on 20 Apr 1417. Children: + 61 F i. Lady Elizabeth de Percy was born about 1390 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England, died on 26 Oct 1437, and was buried in Staindrop, Durham, England. + 62 M ii. Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland died in 1455 in killed at St. Albans. 54. Sir Thomas Peyton was born on 14 Feb 1416 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 30 Jul 1484 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Thomas married Margaret Bernard , daughter of Sir John Bernard and Ellen Mallory . Margaret was born in 1420 in Suffolk, England and died in 1470 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 63 M i. Thomas Peyton was born about 1445 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died in 1529 in Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in St. Giles, Cripplegate, England. Tenth Generation 56. Margaret de Burgh, Princess of Scotland was born about 1226 in Galway, Ireland and died in Nov 1237 in Ashenfield Manor, Waltham, Kent, England. Margaret married Sir Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester , son of Sir Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, Magna Charta Surety and Lady Isabella Marshall , in 1236 in St Edmund's, Wexford, Ireland. Richard was born on 4 Aug 1222 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England, died on 15 Jul 1262 in Ashenfield Manor, Waltham, Kent, England, and was buried on 28 Jul 1262 in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England. Children: 64 M i. Gilbert "The Red" de Clare, 3rd Earl of Gloucester was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England and died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouth, Wales. Gilbert married Joan "of Acre" Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester & Hereford , daughter of Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King Of England and Eleanor of Castile de Ponthieu, Queen of England , on 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Joan was born in 1272 in Acre, Palestine, Hazafon, Israel, Northern Kingdom, died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England, and was buried on 26 Apr 1307 in Austin Friars', Clare, Suffolk, England. 57. Sir John IV Sutton was born on 6 Dec 1361 in Dudley Castle, Dudley, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England and died on 10 Mar 1396 in Staffordshire, England. John married Alice Despencer , daughter of Baron Philip Despencer and Elizabeth (Despenser) . Alice was born in 1364 in Carlington, England and died in 1392 in Staffordshire, England. Children: + 65 M i. Robert Sutton was born about 1355 in Dudley Castle, Dudley, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England and died in Coleshill, Warwickshire, England. 58. Elizabeth Sothill was born in Leicester, Leicestershire, England and died on 19 May 1575 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England. Elizabeth married Sir William Drury , son of Sir Robert Drury and Unknown . William was born about 1500 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England, died on 11 Jan 1557 1558 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England, and was buried in Church of Hawstead, Suffolk County, England. Children: + 66 F i. Bridget Drury was born on 11 Sep 1534 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England and died in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. 59. Joan de la Pole, Baroness of Cobham was born about 1372 in Chrishall, Essex, England, died on 13 Jan 1434 in Cobham, Kent, England, and was buried in Mary Magdalen, Cobham, Kent, England. Children: + 67 F i. Joan Braybrooke, Baroness of Cobham was born about 1395 in Cobham, Kent, England and died on 25 Nov 1442. 60. Alice Montagu died in 1463. Children: 68 F i. Lady Eleanor Nevil was born in 1401 and died in 1463. Eleanor married Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland , son of Sir Henry "Hotspur" de Percy, Earl of Northumberland and Elizabeth de Mortimer . Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland died in 1455 in killed at St. Albans. 61. Lady Elizabeth de Percy was born about 1390 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England, died on 26 Oct 1437, and was buried in Staindrop, Durham, England. Children: 69 M i. Baron Thomas de Clifford, 8th Lord Clifford was born on 25 Mar 1414 in Lancaster, England, died on 14 May 1455 in St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England, and was buried in Abbey Church, St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Thomas married Joan "of Acre" Plantagenet, Countess of Gloucester & Hereford , daughter of Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King Of England and Eleanor of Castile de Ponthieu, Queen of England . Joan was born in 1272 in Acre, Palestine, Hazafon, Israel, Northern Kingdom, died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England, and was buried on 26 Apr 1307 in Austin Friars', Clare, Suffolk, England. 62. Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland died in 1455 in killed at St. Albans. Children: + 70 M i. Henry Percy de Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 25 Jul 1421 and died on 29 Mar 1461 in Towton, England, killed in battle. 63. Thomas Peyton was born about 1445 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died in 1529 in Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in St. Giles, Cripplegate, England. Thomas married Joan Yerde , daughter of Thomas Yerde. Joan was born about 1450 in England and died in Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 71 M i. Sir Robert Peyton was born in 1468 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 16 Mar 1517 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Eleventh Generation 65. Robert Sutton was born about 1355 in Dudley Castle, Dudley, Stourbridge, West Midlands, England and died in Coleshill, Warwickshire, England. Robert married Agnes (Sutton) . Agnes was born about 1357 in England. Children: + 72 M i. Sir Hamon Sutton was born about 1380 in Burton, By-Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. 66. Bridget Drury was born on 11 Sep 1534 in Hawstead, Suffolk County, England and died in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Bridget married Henry Yelverton , son of William Yelverton and Anne Fermour , about 1556 in Hawsted, Suffolk, England. Henry was born in 1533 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 26 Apr 1601 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: + 73 M i. William Yelverton was born about 1558 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 30 Oct 1631 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. 67. Joan Braybrooke, Baroness of Cobham was born about 1395 in Cobham, Kent, England and died on 25 Nov 1442. Joan married Thomas Brooke , son of Thomas Brooke, Sheriff of Somerset and Johanna Hanham , on 20 Feb 1409 in Cooling Castle, Cobham, Kent, England. Thomas was born in 1391 1392 in Brooke, Somerset & Holdrich, Devon, England and died on 12 Aug 1439 by Thorncombe, Devon, England. Children: + 74 M i. Reginald Brooke was born in 1414 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England and died in 1482 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. 70. Henry Percy de Percy, Earl of Northumberland was born on 25 Jul 1421 and died on 29 Mar 1461 in Towton, England, killed in battle. Henry married Lady Eleanor Poynings , daughter of Richard Poynings and Alianore Berkeley . Eleanor was born about 1422 and died on 10 Feb 1482. Children: + 75 F i. Lady Margaret de Percy . 71. Sir Robert Peyton was born in 1468 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 16 Mar 1517 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. ï¿½ Resided: Estates of Peyton Hall, Calthorpe Hall, Leyham Hall, & Water Hall, Cambridge, England. ï¿½ High Sheriff of Cambridge: 1498. ï¿½ Will Proved: 28 Apr 1518. Robert married Elizabeth Clere , daughter of Sir Robert Clere, Sheriff of Norfolk and Anne Hopton . Elizabeth was born in 1466 in Ormsby, Norfolk, England and died in 1522 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 76 M i. Sir Robert Peyton was born in 1498 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 1 Aug 1550 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in St. Andrew's, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Twelfth Generation 72. Sir Hamon Sutton was born about 1380 in Burton, By-Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. Hamon married Margaret Vavaxour , daughter of Henry Vavaxour and Margaret Skipwith . Margaret was born about 1375 in Cockerington, Lincolnshire, England and died in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. Children: 77 F i. Lady Joan Sutton was born in 1368 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England and died in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Joan married Sir John de Peyton , son of Sir John de Peyton, of Peyton Hall and Margaret Gernon . John was born in 1364 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died in 1394 in Peyton Hall, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. 73. William Yelverton was born about 1558 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 30 Oct 1631 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. William married Dionysia Stubbs , daughter of Richard Stubbs, Esq. and Unknown . Dionysia was born about 1572 in Sedgefield, Norfolk, England and died in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: + 78 M i. Sir William Yelverton was born about 1590 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 19 Jul 1648 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. 74. Reginald Brooke was born in 1414 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England and died in 1482 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. Reginald married Anne Everton , daughter of Everton and Unknown , about 1440. Anne was born about 1425 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. Children: + 79 M i. Edward Brooke was born about 1440 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. 75. Lady Margaret de Percy . Margaret married Sir William Gascoigne . Children: + 80 F i. Elizabeth Gascoigne . 76. Sir Robert Peyton was born in 1498 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 1 Aug 1550 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in St. Andrew's, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Robert married Frances Hasilden , daughter of Francis Hasilden and Elizabeth Calthorpe , in 1515 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Frances was born about 1494 in Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 18 Mar 1581 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in St. Andrew's, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 81 M i. Robert Peyton, Esq. was born in 1523 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 19 Oct 1590 in London, Middlesex, England, and was buried on 12 Nov 1590 in South Chapel, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Thirteenth Generation 78. Sir William Yelverton was born about 1590 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 19 Jul 1648 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. William married Ursula Richardson , daughter of Sir Thomas Richardson and Ursula Southwell , on 12 Jun 1614 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Ursula was born on 7 Dec 1591 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died on 20 Mar 1656 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: + 82 F i. Elizabeth Yelverton was born in 1618 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England, died on 3 Jun 1668 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. 79. Edward Brooke was born about 1440 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. Edward married Florence Ashfield , daughter of Robert Ashfield and Alice Jermyn . Florence was born about 1442 in Stowlangtoft, Suffolk, England. Children: + 83 M i. George Brooke was born in 1496 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. 80. Elizabeth Gascoigne . Elizabeth married Sir George Telboise . Children: + 84 F i. Lady Anne Telboise was born about 1510 in Lincolnshire, England and died about 1566 in Scrivelsby Court, Lincolnshire, England. 81. Robert Peyton, Esq. was born in 1523 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 19 Oct 1590 in London, Middlesex, England, and was buried on 12 Nov 1590 in South Chapel, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Robert married Elizabeth Rich , daughter of Barron Richard Rich, Lord Chancellor of England and Elizabeth Jenks , on 12 Apr 1557. Elizabeth was born on 12 Apr 1557 in London, Middlesex, England, died on 17 Oct 1591 in Iselham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried on 26 Oct 1591 in South Chapel, Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: + 85 M i. Sir John Peyton, Sheriff of Cambridgeshire, 1st Baronet was born in 1560 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 19 Dec 1616 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Fourteenth Generation 82. Elizabeth Yelverton was born in 1618 in Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England, died on 3 Jun 1668 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Elizabeth married Thomas Peyton , son of Sir Edward Peyton and Jane Calthorpe . Thomas was born in 1617 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, died on 12 Oct 1683 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried in Bracon Ash Church, Humble Yard Hundred, Norfolk, England. ï¿½ Resided: Rougham, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England. Children: 86 M i. Major Robert Peyton was born in 1640 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 15 Mar 1686 in Gloucester County, Mathews, Virginia. ï¿½ Emigrated to Virginia: 1677, Cambridgeshire, England. ï¿½ He was granted land 1000 acres by order of Colo. John Lewis, being part of a dividend of 900 acres formerly granted to Thomas Watkin and Wm. Rickett and part of another dividend of 600 acres joining to the aforesd. 900 acres. 23 Apr 1681 in New Kent County, Virginia. ï¿½ He was granted land 150 acres beginning &c., at the head of the land formerly belonging to Edmund Welch, dec'd., lying on the north side of Black water creek. . 28 Feb 1683 in "of the County of Gloster". ï¿½ He was granted land 1000 acres beg.g at a corner white oak by William Ricketts path, formerly an Indian path, joining to the land of Mr. Brereton. 20 Sep 1683 in New Kent County, Virginia. Robert married (name unknown). 83. George Brooke was born in 1496 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. George married Ann Carew , daughter of John Carew, about 1542 in England. Ann was born about 1509 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England. Children: 87 M i. George Brooke was born in 1544 in Aspall-Stoneham, Suffolk, England and died on 18 Dec 1600 in Suffolk, England. George married Alice Tyrrell , daughter of John Tyrrell and Elizabeth Mundy . Alice was born about 1544 in Gripping, Suffolk, England and died in 1580 in Suffolk, England. 84. Lady Anne Telboise was born about 1510 in Lincolnshire, England and died about 1566 in Scrivelsby Court, Lincolnshire, England. Anne married Sir Edmond "Hereditary Champion of England" Dymoke, Master of Scrivelsby Court . Edmond was born about 1508 in Scrivelsby Court, Lincolnshire, England and died on 16 Sep 1566 in Scrivelsby Court, Lincolnshire, England. Children: 88 F i. Frances Dymoke was born on 20 Aug 1566 in Scrivelsby Court, Lincolnshire, England. Frances married Sir Thomas Windebank, "Clerk of the Signet, to the good Queen Bess." on 20 Oct 1586 in England. Thomas was born about 1556 in Haines Hillhurst, Berkshire, England and died on 24 Oct 1607 in Lincolnshire, England. 85. Sir John Peyton, Sheriff of Cambridgeshire, 1st Baronet was born in 1560 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died on 19 Dec 1616 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. ï¿½ Member of Parliament: for Cambridgeshire, England, 1604. ï¿½ Created 1st Baronet: 22 May 1611. John married Alice Osborne , daughter of Sir Edward Osborne and Anne Hewett , on 29 Jun 1580 in St.Dionis, London, Middlesex, England. Alice was born on 4 Mar 1562 in St. Dionis, Backchurch, London, England, died in 1616 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England, and was buried on 19 Dec 1616 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. Children: 89 M i. Sir Edward Peyton was born in 1578 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England and died in 1657 in Wicken, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England. ï¿½ Educated at Cambridge: ï¿½ Member of Parliament: for Cambridgeshire, 1621. Edward married Jane Calthorpe , daughter of Sir James Calthorpe and Barbara Bacon , on 5 Jun 1614. Jane was born on 30 Nov 1589 in Cockthorpe, Norfolk, Norfolkshire, England and died in Dec 1638 in Isleham, Cambridgeshire, Essex, England.
21752	yago	0	26	https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-86	en	Elizabeth (Percy) Neville (abt.1395-1436)	https://www.wikitree.com…ges/og-image.png	https://www.wikitree.com…ges/og-image.png	[ "https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/female.gif.pagespeed.ce._HpxLyYvZO.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/6/62/Noland-166.jpg/75px-Noland-166.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/2/2a/Holland-3338.jpg/75px-Holland-3338.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "family tree of Elizabeth Percy", "Elizabeth Neville genealogy" ]	null	[]	1436-10-26T00:00:00	Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Elizabeth (Percy) Neville born abt. 1395 Alnwick, Northumberland, England died 1436 including ancestors + descendants + 4 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.	en	/favicon.ico		https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-86	Elizabeth Neville formerly Percy aka Clifford Born about 1395 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England Ancestors Sister of Henry Percy and Roger de Camoys [half] Wife of John Clifford KG — married about 1404 (to 13 Mar 1422) [location unknown] Wife of Ralph Neville — married before 20 Jul 1426 in England Descendants Died 26 Oct 1436 at about age 41 [location unknown] Profile last modified 11 Jul 2024 \| Created 3 Apr 2011 This page has been accessed 14,488 times. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Royal Ancestors 1.2 Parents 1.3 Marriage 2 Sources Biography Royal Ancestors Through her mother: William I, "The Conqueror", King of England[1] - 10th great grandfather. * Henry II, King of England[2] - 7th great grandfather. * Philippe IV, King of France [3] - 4th great grandfather. Edward I, "Longshanks", King of England[4] - 4th great grandfather. Edward III, King of England[5] - 2th great grandfather. * from mother and father due to pedigree collapse Elizabeth Percy[6] d. 26 Oct 1436 bur. St Mary's Collegiate Church, Staindrop, Brancepeth parish, Durham. Died probably at Raby Castle. Parents Sir Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy KG KB and Elizabeth Mortimer (b. 12 Feb 1371 Uske;[6] Father: Sir Edmund, 3rd Earl of March). Issue: Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (b. 03 Feb 1393)[6] Elizabeth Marriage m.1st: (btw Aug 1403 and 5 Nov 1412, probably in 1404) Sir John Clifford,[6] 7th Baron Clifford (b. c. 1390 - d. 1421/2 Meaux). Issue: 4 (2 sons, 2 dau) Thomas, 8th Baron Henry Mary m. Sir Philip Wentworth of Nettlestead Blanche m. Sir Robert Waterton m.2nd: (1426) Elizabeth (as his 1st wife) Sir Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland[6] (contract dated 7th May, license 20 July, retrospective dispensation 28 Nov, 3rd and 4th degrees).[7] Issue: 1 son Sir John m. Anne Holland. No issue. Sources ↑ Great grandfather of Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror) ↑ Great grandfather of Edward I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England) ↑ Maternal grandfather of Edward III of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France) ↑ Grandfather of Edward III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England) ↑ Mahler, Leslie: "Samuel Levis, Quaker Immigrant to Pennsylvania", The Genealogist, Spring 1999, Vol 13, No 1, p. 30-36 (PDF download) ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Collins & Brydges, 1812 ↑ Her husband Ralph later married Margaret Cobham. See also: Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 246 Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 507 Ancestral Roots 8th ed. 2004 F.L. Weis Line 26-34 page 36 Collins, A. & Brydges, E. (1812). "Percy, Duke of Northumberland." Collins's Peerage of England Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, (Vol. II. pp. 273). London: F.C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and Son. Google Books. Lewis, M. (n.d.). our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. Web. Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry, (2nd ed. Vol. I pp. 507). Salt Lake City. Google Books. Richardson, D. (2011). Plantagenet Ancestry, (2ed, Vol. 1, pp. 541) Google Books. TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 Wikipedia: Lady Elizabeth Percy This week's featured connections are Redheads: Elizabeth is 6 degrees from Catherine of Aragón, 19 degrees from Clara Bow, 27 degrees from Julia Gillard, 15 degrees from Nancy Hart, 17 degrees from Rutherford Hayes, 18 degrees from Rita Hayworth, 21 degrees from Leonard Kelly, 17 degrees from Rose Leslie, 20 degrees from Damian Lewis, 20 degrees from Maureen O'Hara, 25 degrees from Jopie Schaft and 20 degrees from Eirik Thorvaldsson on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members. WIKITREE HOME \| ABOUT \| G2G FORUM \| HELP \| SEARCH IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. © 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.
21752	yago	3	24	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1	en	Henry IV, Part 1	https://upload.wikimedia…px-thumbnail.jpg	https://upload.wikimedia…px-thumbnail.jpg	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Edwin_Austin_Abbey_-_King_Henry_IV%2C_Part_I%2C_The_King_to_the_Prince_of_Wales%2C_%E2%80%9CThou_shalt_have_charge_and_sovereign_trust_herein.%E2%80%9D%2C_%28Act_III%2C_Scene_ii%29_-_1937.1171_-_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Henry4thHal.jpg/200px-Henry4thHal.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%27Henry_IV%27%2C_Part_I%2C_Act_I%2C_Scene_3%2C_Hotspur_and_the_Fop_Samuel_John_Egbert_Jones_%281797%E2%80%931861%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg/290px-%27Henry_IV%27%2C_Part_I%2C_Act_I%2C_Scene_3%2C_Hotspur_and_the_Fop_Samuel_John_Egbert_Jones_%281797%E2%80%931861%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Eduard_von_Gr%C3%BCtzner_-_Falstaff_%281906%29.jpg/220px-Eduard_von_Gr%C3%BCtzner_-_Falstaff_%281906%29.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Henry_Fuseli_%281741-1825%29_-_Dispute_between_Hotspur%2C_Glendower%2C_Mortimer_and_Worcester_%28from_William_Shakespeare%27s_%27Henry_IV_Part_I%27%29_-_1947P6_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Falstaff_plays_the_king.jpg/280px-Falstaff_plays_the_king.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%27Henry_IV%27%2C_Part_I%2C_Act_V%2C_Scene_4%2C_Falstaff_and_the_Dead_Body_of_Hotspur_Robert_Smirke_%281753%E2%80%931845%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg/220px-%27Henry_IV%27%2C_Part_I%2C_Act_V%2C_Scene_4%2C_Falstaff_and_the_Dead_Body_of_Hotspur_Robert_Smirke_%281753%E2%80%931845%29_Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/1587_printing_of_Holinshed%27s_Chronicles.jpg/220px-1587_printing_of_Holinshed%27s_Chronicles.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/First-page-first-folio-1henry4.jpg/250px-First-page-first-folio-1henry4.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/The_Dering_Manuscript.jpg/260px-The_Dering_Manuscript.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/William_Blake_%27As_if_an_angel_dropped_down_from_the_clouds%27%2C_illustration_to_%27Henry_IV.jpg/220px-William_Blake_%27As_if_an_angel_dropped_down_from_the_clouds%27%2C_illustration_to_%27Henry_IV.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henry_IV_Part_1_quarto.jpg/220px-Henry_IV_Part_1_quarto.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hotspur%27s_plan.jpeg/220px-Hotspur%27s_plan.jpeg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/John_Jack_plays_Falstaff.jpg/220px-John_Jack_plays_Falstaff.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/75px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2003-08-05T03:24:12+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1	Play by Shakespeare Henry IV, Part 1 (often written as 1 Henry IV) is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written not later than 1597. The play dramatises part of the reign of King Henry IV of England, beginning with the battle at Homildon Hill late in 1402, and ending with King Henry's victory in the Battle of Shrewsbury in mid-1403.[1] In parallel to the political conflict between King Henry and a rebellious faction of nobles, the play depicts the escapades of King Henry's son, Prince Hal (the future King Henry V), and his eventual return to court and favour. Henry IV, Part 1 is the first of Shakespeare's two plays that deal with the reign of Henry IV (the other being Henry IV, Part 2), and the second play in the Henriad, a modern designation for the tetralogy of plays that deal with the successive reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. From its first performance on, it has been an extremely popular work both with the public and critics.[2] Characters [edit] Synopsis [edit] The play follows three groups of characters who initially interact only indirectly. These groups grow closer as the play progresses, coming together at the climax during the Battle of Shrewsbury. The first is centred around King Henry IV and his immediate council, who contrive to suppress a growing rebellion. The second is the group of rebel lords, led by Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, and including his brother, the Earl of Northumberland, and energetic nephew, Harry Percy ("Hotspur"). The Scottish Earl of Douglas, the Welshman Owen Glendower, and Edmund Mortimer also join. The third group, the comic centre of the play, consists of the young Prince Hal (King Henry's eldest son) and his companions, Falstaff, Poins, Bardolph, and Peto. From the play's outset, Henry IV's reign is beset by problems: His personal disquiet at having usurped the throne from Richard II would be solved by a crusade to the Holy Land, but trouble on his borders with Scotland and Wales make such an act impossible. Moreover, he is increasingly at odds with the Percy family, who helped him to his throne, and with Edmund Mortimer, Richard II's chosen heir. King Henry is also troubled by the behaviour of his eldest son and heir, Hal (the future Henry V). Hal spends little time in the royal court, preferring instead to drink in taverns with lowborn and dishonourable companions. This makes him an object of scorn to the nobles and jeopardises his legitimacy as heir; early in the play, King Henry laments that he can "See riot and dishonour stain the brow of young Harry."[3] Hal's chief friend is Sir John Falstaff, a cowardly, drunken, but quick-witted knight whose charisma and zest for life captivate the Prince. In the first scene, the political action of the play is set in motion. King Henry and Hotspur fall out after a disagreement over the treatment of hostages: Hotspur withholds, against the King's orders, hostages taken in recent action against the Scots at the Battle of Homildon Hill, while King Henry refuses to pay Owen Glendower (a Welsh rebel) the ransom for Hotspur's brother-in-law, Edmund Mortimer. This disagreement, and the King's harsh treatment of the House of Percy generally, drives them to ally with Welsh and Scot rebels, resolving to depose "this ingrate and cankered Bolingbroke."[4] Meanwhile, Hal meets with Falstaff and his associates at the Boar's Head Tavern. Falstaff and Hal are close, but Hal enjoys insulting Falstaff, and, in a soliloquy, makes it clear that he does not plan to continue in his present lifestyle forever: Hal aims to re-assume his high place in court by proving himself to his father. Indeed, Hal reasons that by suddenly changing his ways he will be even more popular among the nobility than if he had behaved conventionally all his life. Nevertheless, he is happy to carry out a plot against Falstaff: after performing a highway robbery, Hal and Poins will slip away from Falstaff, disguise themselves, and rob Falstaff, purely for the fun of hearing the older man lie about it later, after which Hal will return the stolen money. The plot is carried out successfully. As the revolt of Mortimer and the House of Percy grows, the Prince makes up with his father and is given the command of an army. He vows to fight and kill the rebel Hotspur, and orders Falstaff to recruit and lead a group of foot soldiers. Falstaff uses the appointment to enrich himself by taking bribes from those who do not want to be pressed into service, and, in the end, recruits only the very poor, whose wages he withholds.[5] All the parties meet at the Battle of Shrewsbury, a crucial moment for all involved: If the rebels are not defeated outright, they will gain a considerable advantage; other forces (under Northumberland, Glendower, Mortimer, and the Archbishop of York) can be called upon in the event of a stalemate or a victory for the rebels. Though Henry outnumbers the rebels,[6] Hotspur, wild and skilled in battle, leads the opposing army personally. As the battle drags on, the king is hunted by Douglas. Prince Hal and Hotspur duel, and, in an important moment of noble virtue for the young prince, Hal prevails, killing Hotspur in single combat. Left on his own during Hal's battle with Hotspur, Falstaff dishonourably feigns death to avoid an attack by Douglas. After Hal leaves Hotspur's body on the field, Falstaff revives in a mock miracle. Seeing he is alone, he stabs Hotspur's corpse in the thigh and claims credit for the kill.[7] Hal allows Falstaff to claim the honour of the kill. Soon after Hal's generous gesture, Falstaff states that he wants to amend his life and begin "to live cleanly as a nobleman should do".[8] The play ends at Shrewsbury, after the battle. The loss of Hotspur and the fight has dealt a serious blow to the rebel cause.[9] King Henry is pleased with the outcome, not least because it gives him a chance to execute Thomas Percy, the Earl of Worcester, one of his chief enemies (though previously one of his greatest friends). Meanwhile, Hal demonstrates his mercy by ordering Douglas—now a prisoner of war—to be released without ransom.[10] However, the rebellion continues, now led by the Archbishop of York and the Earl of Northumberland. This inconclusive ending sets the stage for Henry IV, Part 2. Sources [edit] Shakespeare's primary source for Henry IV, Part 1, as for most of his chronicle histories, was the second edition (1587) of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles, which in turn drew on Edward Hall's The Union of the Two Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York. Scholars have also assumed that Shakespeare was familiar with Samuel Daniel's poem on the civil wars. Another source for this (and the following Henry plays) is the anonymous The Famous Victories of Henry V. 1 Henry IV was almost certainly in performance by 1597, given the wealth of allusions and references to the Falstaff character.[further explanation needed][12] The earliest recorded performance occurred on the afternoon of 6 March 1600, when the play was acted at court before the Flemish Ambassador. Other court performances followed in 1612 and 1625. The play was entered into the Register of the Stationers Company on 25 Feb. 1598 and first printed in quarto later that year by stationer Andrew Wise. The play was Shakespeare's most popular printed text: new editions appeared in 1599, 1604, 1608, 1613, 1622, 1632, 1639, and 1692. The Dering Manuscript [edit] The Dering Manuscript, the earliest extant manuscript text of any Shakespeare play,[14] provides a single-play version of both Part 1 and Part 2 of Henry IV. The consensus of Shakespeare scholars is that the Dering Manuscript represents a redaction prepared around 1623, perhaps for family or amateur theatrics, by Edward Dering (1598–1644), of Surrenden Manor, Pluckley, Kent, where the manuscript was discovered. A few dissenters have argued that the Dering MS. may indicate that Shakespeare's Henry IV was originally a single play, which the poet later expanded into two parts to capitalise on the popularity of the Sir John Falstaff character. The Dering MS. is part of the collection of the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C.[15] Criticism and analysis [edit] Themes and interpretations [edit] At its first publication in 1597 or 1598, the play was titled The History of Henrie the Fourth, and its title page advertised only the presence of Henry Percy and the comic Sir John Falstaff; Prince Hal was not mentioned. Indeed, throughout most of the play's performance history, Hal has been staged as a secondary figure, and popular actors, beginning with James Quin and David Garrick, often preferred to play Hotspur. It was only in the twentieth century that readers and performers began to see the central interest as the coming-of-age story of Hal, who is now seen as the starring role. In the "coming-of-age" interpretation, Hal's acquaintance with Falstaff and the tavern lowlife humanises him and provides him with a more complete view of life. At the outset, Prince Hal seems to pale in comparison with the fiery Henry Percy, the young noble lord of the North (whom Shakespeare portrays as considerably younger than he was in history in order to provide a foil for Hal). Many readers interpret the history as a tale of Prince Hal growing up, evolving into King Henry V,[17] in what is a tale of the prodigal son adapted to the politics of medieval England.[18] The low proportion of scenes featuring the title character, the king, has also been noted, with some authors suggesting that the play contrasts the authority of Henry IV, and his struggle to stay in control of the situation, with the chaotic forces of the rebels and Falstaff. Honor and Falstaff's Catechism [edit] A major theme in Henry IV Part 1 is the expression of honour and the intersection and contrasts between honour and war. In Act 5 scene 1, Falstaff delivers a soliloquy, scholastically referred to as Falstaff's Catechism, which asserts his pragmatic and matter-of-fact perspective on war. The soliloquy reads: ’Tis not due yet. I would be loath to pay Him before His day. What need I be so forward with Him that calls not on me? Well, ’tis no matter. Honor pricks me on. Yea, but how if honor prick me off when I come on? How then? Can honor set to a leg? No. Or an arm? No. Or take away the grief of a wound? No. Honor hath no skill in surgery, then? No. What is honor? A word. What is in that word “honor”? What is that “honor”? Air. A trim reckoning. Who hath it? He that died o’ Wednesday. Doth he feel it? No. Doth he hear it? No. ’Tis insensible, then? Yea, to the dead. But will ⌜it⌝ not live with the living? No. Why? Detraction will not suffer it. Therefore, I’ll none of it. Honor is a mere scutcheon. And so ends my catechism. (5.1.128-142) In this soliloquy, Falstaff dismisses honour as an abstract concept that has no tangible benefits. His repetition of the word "honor" and the subsequent reduction of it to "air" underscores his cynical perspective, suggesting that honour is an empty, meaningless concept that holds no practical value. He questions whether honour can "set to a leg" or "an arm," implying that honour cannot heal wounds or restore life. This practical viewpoint starkly contrasts with the romanticised notion of honour as a noble pursuit worth dying or seriously injuring oneself for. Falstaff's rhetorical questions serve to undermine the glorification of honour in martial society, pointing out its inability to provide any real, physical benefit to those who seek it. The passage contrasts the other views expressed in the play, and is also unique for its deviation from Falstaff's character, giving him a moment of philosophy distinct from his usual dismissive prose. Shakespeare’s intent with the soliloquy has been debated between academics.[19] While some believe that the passage serves to juxtapose Falstaff’s pragmatic philosophy with the romantic, valour driven views of the rest of the cast, others assert that Falstaff’s catechism highlights his cowardice and can be played comedically.[20] Professor Clifford Davidson drew parallels between Philippe de Mornay’s 1582 treatise De la verité de la religion chrestienne,[21] which would have already been translated into English at the time of writing Henry IV Part 1: They that attaine to honor, are in continuali torment, spightfull or spighted, doing mischiefe, or receiving mischiefe, over-mated, or over-mating. What is this but many evils for one, and a multiplying of miseries without number, for the obtainment of one silly shadow of felicity? We will leave the residue to declamers: what are the fruits of these hellish torments, what are they? Forsooth Honor, Reputation, and Power or Authority. What is all this but winde , which cannot fill us, nor scarcely puffe us up? I shall be saluted as I goe abroad, I shall sit highest at meetings. In having these things, what have I, which a wicked man may not rather have than I? And if it be a good thing, how is it given to evill men? De Moray’s passage and Falstaff’s catechism use similar language, both reducing honour to “air” and following a catechetical structure. As de Moray’s passage highlights the dangers of pursuing honour for reputational benefits rather than out of virtue, so Shakespeare uses Falstaff to critique the ill-intentioned pursuit of honour in early modern England. Davidson writes, “Who will pursue the ‘shadow’ of reputation rather than the ‘body’ of virtue?” Falstaff seemingly rejects both the “body” and the “shadow,” denouncing both the virtue of honour and the praise that comes with it. However, at the end of the play, Falstaff accepts praise for Hotspur’s death, suggesting that his wisdom may in fact be a facade for pure cowardice. In the broader context of "Henry IV, Part 1," Falstaff's soliloquy offers a counterpoint to the play's exploration of heroism and honour. His catechism challenges the audience to reconsider the true value of honour and to question the societal pressure to uphold it. Through his catechism, Falstaff juxtaposes both Hotspur’s misguided and vengeful pursuit of honour and Hal’s virtue. Oldcastle controversy [edit] Henry IV, Part 1 caused controversy on its first performances in 1597, because the comic character now known as "Falstaff" was originally named "Oldcastle" and was based on John Oldcastle, a famous proto-Protestant martyr with powerful living descendants in England. Although the character is called Falstaff in all surviving texts of the play, there is abundant external and internal evidence that he was originally called Oldcastle. The change of names is mentioned in seventeenth-century works by Richard James ("Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier", c. 1625) and Thomas Fuller (Worthies of England, 1662). It is also indicated in detail in the early texts of Shakespeare's plays. In the quarto text of Henry IV, Part 2 (1600), one of Falstaff's speech prefixes in Act I, Scene ii is mistakenly left uncorrected, "Old." instead of "Falst." In III, ii, 25-6 of the same play, Falstaff is said to have been a "page to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk"—a statement that is true of the historical Oldcastle. In Henry IV, Part 1, I, ii, 42, Prince Hal calls Falstaff "my old lad of the castle". An iambic pentameter verse line in Henry IV, Part 1 is irregular when using the name "Falstaff", but regular with "Oldcastle". Finally, there is the explicit disclaimer at the close of Henry IV, Part 2 that discriminates between the two figures: "for Oldcastle died [a] martyr, and this is not the man" (Epilogue, 29–32). There is evidence that Falstaff was originally called Oldcastle in The Merry Wives of Windsor as well, the only play (outside of the two parts Henry IV) that contains the character. When the First Folio and quarto texts of that play are compared, it appears that the joke in V.v.85–90 is that Oldcastle/Falstaff incriminates himself by calling out the first letter of his name, "O, O, O!," when his fingertips are singed with candles—which of course works for "Oldcastle" but not "Falstaff." There is also the "castle" reference in IV.v.6 of the same play.[22] The name change and the Epilogue disclaimer were required, it is generally thought,[by whom?] because of political pressure: the historical Oldcastle was not only a Protestant martyr but a nobleman with powerful living descendants in Elizabethan England. These were the Lords Cobham: William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (died 6 March 1597), Warden of the Cinque Ports (1558–97), Knight of the Order of the Garter (1584), and member of the Privy Council (1586–97); his son Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, Warden of the Cinque Ports and Knight of the Order of the Garter; and Frances Brooke, the 10th Baron's wife, and 11th Baron's mother, a close personal favourite of Queen Elizabeth I. The elder Lord Cobham is known to have had a strongly negative impact on the lives of Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the theatre. The company of actors formed by Shakespeare (the Lord Chamberlain's Men) in 1594 enjoyed the patronage of Henry Carey, first Lord Hunsdon, then serving as Lord Chamberlain. When Carey died on 22 July 1596, the post of Lord Chamberlain was given to William Brooke, Lord Cobham, who withdrew what official protection they had enjoyed. The players were left to the care of the local officials of the City of London, who had long wanted to drive the companies of actors out of the city. Thomas Nashe, in a contemporary letter, complained that the actors were "piteously persecuted by the Lord Mayor and the aldermen" during this period. The interval did not last; when Cobham died less than a year later, the post of Lord Chamberlain went to Henry Carey's son George, 2nd baron Hunsdon, and the actors regained their previous patronage.[23] The name was changed to "Falstaff", based on Sir John Fastolf, a historical person with a reputation for cowardice at the Battle of Patay, whom Shakespeare had previously represented in Henry VI, Part 1. Fastolf had died without descendants, making him safe for a playwright's use. Shortly afterward, a team of playwrights wrote a two-part play entitled Sir John Oldcastle, which presents a heroic dramatisation of Oldcastle's life and was published in 1600. In 1986, the Oxford Shakespeare edition of Shakespeare's works rendered the character's name as Oldcastle, rather than Falstaff, in Henry IV, Part 1 (although not, confusingly, in Part 2), as a consequence of the editors' aim to present the plays as they would have appeared during their original performances. No other published editions have followed suit. Adaptations [edit] There have been three BBC television films of Henry IV, Part 1. In the 1960 mini-series An Age of Kings, Tom Fleming starred as Henry IV, with Robert Hardy as Prince Hal, Frank Pettingell as Falstaff, and Sean Connery as Hotspur.[24] The 1979 BBC Television Shakespeare version starred Jon Finch as Henry IV, David Gwillim as Prince Hal, Anthony Quayle as Falstaff, and Tim Pigott-Smith as Hotspur.[25] In the 2012 series The Hollow Crown, Henry IV, Part 1 was directed by Richard Eyre and starred Jeremy Irons as Henry IV, Tom Hiddleston as Prince Hal, Simon Russell Beale as Falstaff and Joe Armstrong as Hotspur.[26] Orson Welles's Chimes at Midnight (1965) compiles the two Henry IV plays into a single, condensed storyline, while adding a handful of scenes from Henry V and dialogue from Richard II and The Merry Wives of Windsor. The film stars Welles himself as Falstaff, John Gielgud as King Henry, Keith Baxter as Hal, Margaret Rutherford as Mistress Quickly, Jeanne Moreau as Doll Tearsheet and Norman Rodway as Hotspur. BBC Television's 1995 Henry IV also combines the two Parts into one adaptation. Ronald Pickup played the King; David Calder, Falstaff; Jonathan Firth, Hal; and Rufus Sewell, Hotspur. Adapted scenes in flashback from Henry IV are included in the 1989 film version of Henry V (1989) with Robbie Coltrane portraying Sir John Falstaff and Kenneth Branagh playing the young Prince Hal. Gus Van Sant's 1991 film My Own Private Idaho is loosely based on Part 1 of Henry IV, as well as Henry IV, Part 2 and Henry V. The one-man hip-hop musical Clay is loosely based on Henry IV.[27] In 2014, playwright and actor Herbert Sigüenza adapted the play to El Henry, a post-apocalyptic Chicano gang version set in "the year 2045, and to a place identified as 'Aztlan City, Aztlan. Formerly San Diego.'"[28] In 2015, The Michigan Shakespeare Festival produced an award-winning combined production—directed and adapted by Janice L. Blixt—of the two plays[29] focusing on the relationship between Henry IV and Prince Hal. In 2016, Graham Abbey combined Richard II and Henry IV, Part 1 into a single play called Breath of Kings: Rebellion. Henry IV, Part II and Henry V together became Breath of Kings: Redemption. Both adaptations were staged at the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario. Abbey, in the productions, played Henry IV (Bolingbroke). The 2016 app Cycle of Kings features the entire play Henry IV, Part 1 in interactive form, as well as a modern English translation. In 2019, Netflix released the film The King, an adaptation of the play directed by David Michôd and starring Timothée Chalamet, Robert Pattinson and Joel Edgerton. Legacy [edit] The famous Sherlock Holmes catchphrase "The game is afoot" is taken from Act I, Scene 3, line 615, where the Earl of Northumberland says: "Before the game is afoot, thou still let'st slip." The phrase was also later used by Shakespeare in Henry V, Act III, Scene 1, by the title character: "I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. The game's afoot: Follow your spirit, and upon this charge Cry 'God for Harry, England, and Saint George!'" Notes [edit] References [edit] Barker, Roberta. "Tragical-Comical-Historical Hotspur." Shakespeare Quarterly 54.3 (2003): 288–307. Bevington, David, ed. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Updated Fourth Edition. University of Chicago, 1997. Bulman, James C. (2002). "Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2". In Hattaway, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's History Plays. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 158–176. doi:10.1017/CCOL052177277X.010. ISBN 9781139000116 – via Cambridge Core. Duthie, George Ian. Shakespeare. London: Routledge, 1954. Greenblatt, Stephen. "Invisible Bullets: Renaissance Authority and Its Subversion in Henry IV and Henry V." In Political Shakespeare, edited by Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield, 18–47. 1985. Halliday, F. E. A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964. Baltimore, Penguin, 1964. Saccio, Peter, Shakespeare's English Kings, 2nd edn, 2000. Sanders, Norman. "The True Prince and the False Thief." Shakespeare Survey 30 (1977). Weil, Herbert and Judith Weil, eds. The First Part of King Henry IV, 1997 (New Cambridge Shakespeare). Wright, Louis B, and Virginia A. LaMar, eds. The Folger Library General Reader's Shakespeare: Henry IV, Part I. Kastan, David Scott, ed. (2002). King Henry IV, Part 1. Third Series. Arden Shakespeare. ISBN 9781904271352.
21752	yago	1	11	https://www.monchique.com/Ochanoff/ohanov/ochanoff/10038.htm	en	Elizabeth MORTIMER			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Family Links Spouses/Children: 1. Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir Elizabeth PERCY+ Elizabeth MORTIMER Born: 12 Feb 1371, Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales Marriage (1): Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir Died: 20 Apr 1417 aged 46 Buried: St. George's Church, Trotton, Sussex General Notes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Mortimer Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys (12 February 1371 '96 20 April 1417) was an English noblewoman, the granddaughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and great-granddaughter of King Edward III. Her first husband was Sir Henry Percy, known to history as 'Hotspur'. She married secondly Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. She is represented as 'Kate, Lady Percy,' in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1, and briefly again as 'Widow Percy' in Henry IV, Part 2. Elizabeth married Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir, son of Henry PERCY 1st Earl of Northumberland and Margaret NEVILLE. (Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir was born on 20 May 1364 in Northumberland, England and died on 21 Jul 1403 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.)
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21752	yago	3	49	https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/category/home-page/page/3/	en	Home Page « The Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries	https://blogs.valpo.edu/…0-2-1024x683.jpg		[ "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/04/1993-Q-32-2-1024x683.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/04/1993-Q-30-2-200x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/04/1993-R-15-2-1024x690.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/04/1993-R-17-2-1024x811.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2018/09/Usurper-Front-Cover-2-199x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/03/454px-Lollardmap-227x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2018/09/Usurper-Front-Cover-2-199x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/02/2001-SC-D22-2-200x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/02/1993-J-23-2-1024x733.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/01/1989-RR-34-2-213x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/01/Minstrelsofbeverley.gif", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/01/1989-RR-7-2-200x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/01/1990-B-26-2-1024x571.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2022/01/800px-2016-01_Ocarina_front.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2018/10/Usurper-Epub-Cover-2-199x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/12/Hippocrates-204x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/12/Galenus-181x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/11/Illumination_of_Henry_IV_cropped.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/11/HenryBolingbrokeClaimsThrone.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/11/Henry_IV_Coronation.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2016/07/Richard-front-cover-2-199x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/11/2014-LA-01-6-286x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/11/2016-LA-02-3-668x1024.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/1993-NP-167-3-154x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2002-A7-30-2-1024x683.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2013-04-040-1-1024x768.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-091-2-1024x672.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-021-1-1024x768.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-010-1-225x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-111-2-1009x1024.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-085-2-197x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-01-437-1-1024x768.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/10/2014-03-313-3-768x1024.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/09/2014-03-405-1-225x300.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/09/2014-03-419-1-1024x768.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/09/2014-03-346-1-1024x768.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/03/2013-PP-01-3-150x150.jpg", "https://blogs.valpo.edu/ellenfoster/files/2021/09/2014-03-408-1-1024x768.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null	Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we continue examining topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. In this monthly posting, I am writing of the rebellion of Sir Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, a real person, who makes an appearance in Usurper’s Curse. Henry Percy had royal blood as a descendant of Henry III. He was born in 1341 the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy and died in 1408, two years after my novel is set. He grew up in the reign of King Edward III, becoming the 4th Baron Percy among his other titles and was given considerable authority by King Edward III in handling England’s problems with Scotland. King Richard II made Percy the 1st Earl of Northumberland in 1377. The Percy family resided for many centuries in Alnwick Castle in Northumberland. This ancient castle still stands today and is shown in various pictures in this posting. The main gateway is shown on the left while the picture at the bottom is one I shot of my husband, Lou, photographing the castle from a distance. Alnwick Castle has been used as a setting for many television programs and movies including two of the first Harry Potter films as the site of Quiddtich matches. Sir Henry Percy was a high-ranking nobleman with royal ancestors and title. As such, he would often support the king but would also challenge the monarch at other times. In the reign of King Richard II, both Henry Percy and his son, known as Hotspur, were unhappy with Richard II and early on threw their support to Henry Bollingbrook in 1397. When Henry usurped the crown from Richard in 1399 to become King Henry IV, Henry Percy was appointed Constable of England and granted the lordship of the Isle of Mann. Sadly, this good relationship between King Henry and the earl did not last long. After Percy and Hotspur were given the task of finding peace with Welsh rebels such as Owain Glyndwr, they started to disagree with Henry IV. In 1402 at the Battle of Homildon Hill, they captured many Scottish nobles and then disagreed with Henry IV about whether those nobles should be ransomed. The following year Henry Percy and Hotspur conspired against Henry IV in favor of Edmund Mortimer. The Percy Rebellion failed, and Hotspur was killed in the Battle of Shrewsbury. Percy lost his title as Constable of England and began to conspire with Owain Glyndwr and Edmund Mortimer against the king. The three of them signed an agreement in 1405 indicating how they would divide up England if the usurper, Henry IV, could be overthrown. Percy, however, became a fugitive for the rest of his life, and it is in this role that he appears in Usurper’s Curse. I hope you find of interest how this fugitive encountered my heroine, the Lady Apollonia of Aust. Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we continue examining topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. In this monthly posting, I am writing of “Lollardy”, a topic that makes an important appearance in this story. “Lollardy” is a term referring to the reformed religious followers in England of the Oxford scholar John Wycliffe. The term “Lollardy” was first used in England in 1387 by the Bishop of Worcester in whose diocese Usurper’s Curse is set. The green areas in the map, shown below on the right, indicate that Lollardy had taken hold in Gloucestershire in the years before my novel is set there. Some of Wycliffe’s ideas that appealed to Lollards were that scripture is the reliable guide to religious truth, that monastic life and the papacy were corrupt, and that transubstantiation during the mass and the sacrament of confession were untrue teachings. John Wycliffe was the Prebend of Aust when Lady Apollonia was raising her five sons and, in my story, Wycliffe had an influence on the Lady’s middle son Thomas’ later decision to become a priest. Wycliffe appeared in Effigy of the Cloven Hoof and “Lollardy”, appears again in Memento Mori among the merchant colleagues of Richard Windemere, Apollonia’s third husband. Thomas Arundel, the Archbishop of Canterbury who also became Chancellor of England, plays an important role in Usurper’s Curse. By the time of my story in 1406, Arundel had been a champion for many years of finding and punishing Lollards as heretics, and his pursuit of heretics is a recurring theme throughout Usurper’s Curse. Nine years later, the Council of Constance declared that Wycliffe’s books should be burned, and later his body was taken from his grave and burned in 1428, 44 years after he died. A well-known leader of the Lollard movement and its center in Bristol at the time of my story was John Purvey, a real-life character, who is introduced as a good friend to the fictional knight, Sir Julian Thurgood. Although Wycliffe is credited with producing the first English translation of the bible in 1382, Purvey tried to make it more accessible and comprehensible in his revision of 1388. Then, in 1401, he recanted when threatened with being burnt at the stake. By the time of Usurper’s Curse, he had regretted his recantation and was again preaching Lollard ideas. The next year, 1407, he was arrested and later died in prison from natural causes. Another fictional character, Mark Marimon, a friend of Sir Julian Thurgood, meets Lady Apollonia while he is on the run because Marimon is suspected of being a Lollard heretic. Purvey comes into my story because Sir Julian Thurgood was staying with him in Bristol, and it is Thurgood whom Apollonia seeks to come to Aust at the request of Mark Marimon. Lady Apollonia’s brother, Ferdinand, Earl of Marshfield, was suspicious of Lollards. Neither the Lady Apollonia nor anyone in her affinity identified themselves as Lollards, but she and several others were sympathetic to many on Wycliffe’s ideas about what needed reforming in the Roman Catholic Church. Lollards persisted into the 16th century and beyond and were largely absorbed into the various branches of Protestantism. Please join us again next month. Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we continue examining topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. In this monthly posting, I am writing of chivalry and knights, topics that make important appearances in this story. Two fictitious knights appear in my novel who represent very different concepts of medieval knighthood. Sir Julian Thurston of Wiltshire considers himself to be a knight errant while Sir Hardolph of Leicester is an example of a mercenary knight. One of the most famous mercenary medieval knights in real life was John Hawkwood who was so honored in Florence, Italy, that his equestrian statue, shown below on the right, is featured in the nave of that city’s duomo. The term “knight errant” came into use in the 14th century for a romantic notion of knighthood that developed in earlier centuries as the knights of the round table or knights seeking the holy grail. Sir Julian Thurston may have considered himself a knight errant, but the term “errant” refers to wandering or roving the countryside. He did not wander around seeking knightly duels or courtly love, however. Rather, he wanted to be of service to his king and would go wherever, to serve as needed. The historian Ian Mortimer estimates there were about 1100 knights in England in the 14th century. Their rank in the nobility was ususally below that of barons but above esquires and gentlemen. The armor they wore for fighting in combat or tournaments weighed between 80 and 100 pounds. The effigy shown at the end of this posting is a 14th century knight in his armor. Mercenaries were people hired by a private individual or company for operations which may not relate to their king’s needs. This idea goes back to ancient times and continued through the Middle Ages. My heroine, the Lady Apollonia, suspects that Sir Hardolph had been hired by someone who was not acting in the best interests of King Henry IV of England. Part of the mystery for her was whether her suspicions were true and, if so, who had hired Sir Hardolph. Medieval chivalry is defined in the glossary of my novel as rules and ideal qualifications for a medieval knight: courage, courtesy, generosity, valour, and dexterity in arms. This listing is obvious except for courtesy which had a somewhat different meaning in medieval times. In the glossary of some of my novels, courtesy is described: “in the understanding of those followers of Julian of Norwich from about 1400, courtesy means loving respect implying not only indulgence of another but also goodness granted freely despite sinful behavior. Mother Julian describes God as our ‘Courteous Lord’”. A knight such as Sir Julian Thurston would have aspired to the idea of medieval chivalry while a mercenary knight such as Sir Hardolph would not. The young man, named Waldef in my novel, aspired to chivalry as the dominating force guiding his life, extraordinary goals for a teenager. For more details, read Usurper’s Curse. Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we continue examining topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. During this new year, I will be posting monthly and this time, I am writing of medieval minstrels who make an important appearance in my story. The term “minstrel” came into use in the 13th century for an entertainer, that is: a juggler, an acrobat, a singer, or even a fool. However, as early as Anglo-Saxon England, there were professional poets who sang their own poems. Minstrels mainly performed, sang, and played music but also told tales and poetry. These versatile entertainers could also perform acrobatics, juggling, and dancing. The picture on the left shows the tumbler corbel in Exeter Cathedral in which an upside-down tumbler is atop a viol player, seeking to entertain the baby Jesus and his mother, Mary, who are depicted in another Exeter corbel just opposite them in the nave. These minstrels believed that their talented performance was the greatest gift they could give to the newborn child and his mother. Minstrel singers performed songs telling stories of distant places and events, both imaginary and historical. Some of the instruments they used are shown above in a woodcut of the Beverley Minstrels. From left to right, the instruments they are playing are area pipe and tabor, a fiddle, a wind instrument, a lute, and a shawm. All these instruments are related to modern ones, but for example, the medieval violins did not have the waist or indentations on the sides which allow freer bowing on the modern instrument. This lack of indentation can be seen in the fiddle held by the second Beverley minstrel in the drawing above as well as in the picture on the right of the fiddle from the Minstrel’s Gallery in Exeter Cathedral. This is played by the fourth angel from the left of the dozen angel musicians on the front of that gallery which is shown below. Since a medieval minstrel was an entertainer, his costume also represented this image. Thus, it was common for medieval minstrels to wear bright multi-colored costumes and even the horses of medieval minstrels would display a colorful costume. Minstrels were regularly employed by royalty and nobility, while others wandered about the country to find work. It was such a troop in Usurper’s Curse that annually visited Ferdinando, the Earl of Marshfield and brother of Lady Apollonia, my heroine. This troop of five men was led by Gero Hewyn. Reg, Gero’s son-in-law, played the flute and drum. Tibur, Reg’s brother, played the shawm and ocarina while the youngest member, Kew, played the viol. The shawm was a precursor of the oboe and is played by the Beverley minstrel at the far right of the Beverley woodcut near the top of this posting. It is also played by the third angel from the right in the Exeter Minstrel’s Gallery picture. The ocarina is a modern name for a type of flute sometimes called a sweet potato flute as pictured below. Notice how its shape differs from the tubular shape of a traditional flute. Hope to see you again next month. Link to license by which this picture is shown; Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we continue examining topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. This time I will speak of medieval medicine because it plays an important part in my story. There are several medical problems that occur in Usurper’s Curse, not the least of which was the illness of King Henry IV and how it was treated. Medieval medicine owed much to the ancient Greeks, especially Hippocrates, shown to the right, and Galen. It also owed much to the Byzantine and Muslim worlds. Muslim contributions included both the transmission of Greek medical wisdom and new ideas which they developed. Hippocrates, living in the 5th and early 4th centuries BCE, was considered the Father of Medicine. Much of what we know about him was passed down to us by Galen who was born in 129 CE and died around 216 CE. Galen’s concepts of keeping the four body humors–blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm–in balance continued to be very important in medieval medicine. An image of Galen is shown on the left. Methods such as bloodletting, enemas, and even vomiting were used to try to balance Galen’s four humors from the first millennium right on through the medieval period. Galen was also a skilled surgeon, even doing operations like modern cataract procedures. His medical practice emphasized checking the pulse and examining the urine of a patient. Turning to the Muslim contribution, there is a five-volume medical encyclopedia, The Canon of Medicine, authored by Ibn Sina at the beginning of the 11th century. It was used as a standard medieval text until the 18th century in both the Muslim world and in Europe. Despite these advances in formal medical practice over the centuries, it is true that superstition, astrology, folk remedies, and prayers to certain saints for intercession and healing played a major role in medical treatment in medieval England. This led to practitioners consulting the signs of the zodiac, and it led to people often seeing illness as God’s judgment on some perceived sin. Persons who were seen as helpful were often called healers. Medieval healers ranged from those who were university trained doctors to surgeons who were trained by craft-guilds and on to barber-surgeons. The first western school to be recognized in medicine was in Salerno, Italy, but by the time of my novel, there were other universities in Western Europe that were also important in this field. An English Doctor of Physic, one who treated King Henry in my story, had been trained at Salerno. Another medical practitioner in my novel, an Italian of dubious background, also plays a role. He is eventually barred from treating King Henry IV, something which I based on a real event that occurred in the treatment of King Henry IV. In the Middle Ages, surgery was not usually practiced by the university-trained doctors but by other practitioners as mentioned above. Barbers were needed to do tonsures for medieval monks as well as haircuts for civilians. They had the tools to cut into human flesh for medical reasons, including amputations that were often needed in military campaigns. While other surgeons were apprenticed by craft guilds, university-trained doctors usually were limited to consulting about surgeries. A doctor of physic, as mentioned above, was a medieval term commonly used for a physician or a medical doctor. Join us next time when I will continue my discussion of topics from Usurper’s Curse. Greetings again and thanks for joining us as we begin to examine topics which arise in Usurper’s Curse, the seventh book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries Series. We begin our topics with King Henry IV, the accused usurper in my book title, shown above in the only portrait ever done in his lifetime, a miniature from about 1402. In my blog posting of October 25, 2021, I referred to him as Henry Bolingbroke, a designation which reflects that Henry was born in Bolingbroke Castle. His father was John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and third son of King Edward III, who referred to Henry as Henry of Lancaster. Because Henry of Lancaster was King of England from 1399 to 1406 when Usurper’s Curse is set, here he is called King Henry IV. In my October blog posting, I gave a brief description of his usurpation of the crown from his cousin King Richard II in 1399. The picture shown below depicts Henry claiming the throne as he is flanked by his lords, both spiritual and noble. King Henry IV was the first of four kings in just 84 years who usurped the throne of England, the others being Edward IV in 1461 and again in 1471, Richard III in 1483, and finally Henry VII in 1485. As with other kings of that period, Henry IV is best known to many of us through Shakespeare’s so-called histories. Shakespeare wrote plays that were influenced by the propaganda of the Tudor kings. The Tudors sought to justify the usurpation of Henry Tudor who could not claim the throne through inheritance but claimed it through conquest at the Battle of Bosworth against Richard III and became King Henry VII. The subject of this post, however, the Lancastrian King Henry IV, was a much more complicated ruler than Shakespeare portrays in parts 1 or 2 of his history plays. Some have called Henry IV the most enigmatic ruler since the Norman Conquest. Others say he was the most intellectual of the medieval kings of England. His model for kingship was his grandfather King Edward III, not his despotic cousin, King Richard II. There is a great contrast between Henry’s life before his coronation in 1399, shown on the left, and his 13 years as ruler. In the first 32 years of his life before he became king in 1399, he was a man of good health who was a famous knight, one of the most admired in England at jousting. There was great competition between top knights of England and those of France in 1390. Henry was judged by the French to be the best of the English in the tournament. A devout man, Henry of Lancaster went on crusades to Latvia and Lithuania as well as a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. He later vowed that he would lead a crusade to once again free Jerusalem from the infidels. All of this is in great contrast with the thirteen years of his reign after usurping the English throne from King Richard II. He was plagued by sickness through most of that reign, especially troubled with serious skin problems, though most scholars believe he did not suffer from leprosy. As Henry IV is monarch of England at the time of the setting of Usurper’s Curse, I have brought him and other real persons into my story, also used such facts that foreign doctors were eventually banned from serving the sickly king, and that the king spent some time recuperating in Lambeth Palace under the auspices of the Archbishop of Canterbury Arundel. A great contrast to Henry’s earlier vigorous life as a knight, such unmanning sickness and suffering was viewed by some as a curse upon him for his usurpation of the throne and his likely cause of the death of Richard II. Many at that time believed that such human struggles were punishment from God for acts that a person had committed. Please join us next time when we will continue discussing topics from Usurper’s Curse. Greetings! Thanks for joining us as we finish examining topics which arise in King Richard’s Sword, the sixth book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries. Each of my books has a glossary to define medieval terms which may be unfamiliar to the modern reader or had different meanings than in the present time. For example, chivalry is defined as “Rules and ideal qualifications of a medieval knight: courage, courtesy, generosity, valour and dexterity in arms.” In turn, courtesy “In the understanding of those followers of Julian of Norwich from about 1400, is not meant to be understood as excellence of manners or polite behaviour. Courtesy means loving respect implying not only indulgence of another but also goodness granted freely regardless of sinful behaviour. Mother Julian describes God as our ‘Courteous Lord’”. As you can see, the medieval word “courtesy” had connotations beyond Emily Post and others influencing our manners. A drawing of my heroine, the Lady Apollonia of Aust who is a fan of Mother Julian, is shown on the lower right. Lady Apollonia is described as a vowess in several of my novels. This vocation is the choice she makes after having been widowed a third time, as described in Templar’s Prophecy, set in 1395, and in my novels which are set later, such as King Richard’s Sword. In the glossary, vowess is defined as “A ceremony performed before witnesses during mass where a kneeling widow was asked by the bishop if she desired to be a spouse of Christ. The vow was restricted to the obligation of perpetual chastity and in no way curtailed the activities of the vowess. She was able to remain in the world and not be confined to a monastic life.” The motivation for Apollonia to become a vowess included several aspects of the definition. By becoming a spouse of Christ, she was able to protect herself from another marriage. As a wealthy widow, she was vulnerable to being involuntarily grabbed by a powerful man to be his wife, simply for her money. By remaining single, she retained her independence and control of her many assets. The Lady was a devout Christian, but being a vowess did not require her to go into a convent. Therefore, she could remain in the world and deal with various mysterious problems that came her way. A drawing of Lady Apollonia as a vowess appears at the end of this blog post. “Gangs” is another term that occurs in many of my novels, including King Richard’s Sword. It is not in my glossary, for in modern life, criminal gangs have been a major problem yet have not been a problem just for our day. Gangs were also a threatening part of medieval life in England. We are all aware of the Robin Hood stories from the medieval period with their romantic plots of robbing the rich and helping the poor. Gangs may have inspired some of the Robin Hood tales, but the reality more frequently was that medieval gangs in England performed their criminal acts for their own benefit and often these gangs were led by noble persons and others of exalted position. So, I have used the idea of gangs in many of my novels, including King Richard’s Sword where I have used a disreputable monk leading a gang. Two of the worst villains in my series are female gang leaders but I have even employed competing gangs in the same story. This use of gangs in my stories is not out of line with the actual history of medieval England. Greetings! Please join me today as we continue to examine topics which arise in King Richard’s Sword, the sixth book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries. This post will focus upon King Richard II of England whose reign of two decades ended during the time in which King Richard’s Sword is set. King Richard II is probably least known of the three Richards who have ruled England, even though his reign was about a decade longer than that of Kings Richard I and III combined. Many of us were taught that King Richard I, known as King Richard the Lionheart, was famous as a Crusader. Yet, he spent little of his almost ten years as king in England itself. Similarly, we often learned of King Richard III through Shakespeare’s play about him. This drama is a view of Richard III’s short reign from 1483-1485 which is greatly biased toward the viewpoint of the Tudors who overthrew him. Few of us as Americans learned much in school about England’s King Richard II who came to the throne at the age of 10 on June 22, 1377, and he gave it up on September 29, 1399. He was ruling England by 1380, the year when I set my second book, Plague of a Green Man. The end of his reign in 1399 occurred during the time when King Richard’s Sword was set. His portrait from the mid-1390’s is shown on the upper left, one of the first portraits of an English monarch that was done in the monarch’s lifetime. Richard was the last hereditary ruler of England who traced his lineage back to William the Conqueror. His father, the so-called Black Prince, died in 1376, the year before the death of his grandfather, King Edward III. Richard, next in line, was always determined to be a great king, but physically unable to be a great knight like his father. No official regent was named when he became king at age ten; instead regency councils, heavily influenced by his uncles including the wealthy John of Gaunt, guided the country. When, in 1381 at age 14, Richard faced his first great crisis, the Peasants’ Revolt, he played a critical role in suppressing that uprising. That revolt was primarily to the south and east of London, and as it moved into London itself, Richard began to assert his independence in dealing personally with the crisis. Richard II was less inclined to militarism than his father or grandfather and instead created a more refined atmosphere in court. In the Wilton Diptych, shown above and painted in his lifetime, we see Richard, kneeling on the left, with several saints: John the Baptist, Edward the Confessor, and Edmund the Martyr. The latter two were patron saints of England before the 15th century when St. George assumed that role. The left panel of the diptych faces the Virgin Mother and infant Jesus on the right panel surrounded by a group of angels. In early 1382, Richard II married Anne of Bohemia who was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor. This marriage was important for diplomatic reasons but was childless. It turned into a marriage of love, however, and Richard became quite dependent on Anne. When she died from the plague in 1394, he was devasted. Richard II’s early military ventures came to naught, yet he did seek to end the Hundred Years’ War in France. However, as king, he depended on a small number of courtiers and a private retinue for protection. This was not popular with much of the nobility. Richard’s relationship with John of Gaunt was helpful but deteriorated when Gaunt departed England in 1386 to pursue a claim as King of Castile. For these and other reasons, a crisis developed in 1387 when a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant seized control of the government for two years. By 1389, Richard was 22 years old and regained control, in part due to mistakes made by the Lords Appellant. He ruled the next eight years working with the Appellants and others. John of Gaunt, returned to England and was supportive. His uncle’s rebuilding of Kenilworth Castle may have inspired Richard to rebuild Westminster Hall into its present form. Westminster Hall is the oldest part of the present British Parliament Building. A picture of its vast, open interior without support columns is shown below. In 1394-1395, Richard intervened successfully in Ireland to bring troublesome Irish into line. Still, this generally peaceful period was not without its problems. Betrothal for a second marriage was arranged for Richard, this time with six-year-old Isabella, daughter of King Charles VI of France. Meanwhile, Richard was secretly waiting for an opportunity to take revenge on the Lords Appellant, and he did just that in 1377 by arranging for Parliament to revoke their pardons of eight years earlier. The king developed his personal bodyguard of archers in Chester, and as he became pressed financially, he seized the sizable inheritance of John of Gaunt’s son, Henry Bolingbrook, Duke of Hereford, who was in exile after his father’s death. Exhibiting a false sense of security and self-confidence, Richard grew more unpopular even though by 1399 he was requiring loyalty oaths from many people. In 1399, the king embarked on another expedition to Ireland, but this time, rebellion began in England, led by Henry Bolingbrook, returned from exile, and seeking to regain his inheritance. As support mounted against the king in England, Richard returned to Wales from Ireland. Bolingbrook’s strong forces moved westward into Wales where Richard and his weak forces were intercepted. At Flint, Richard resigned his throne on September 29, 1399, leading to Bolingbrook becoming King Henry IV. Richard was held, eventually in Pontefract Castle where he died around February 1400, probably from starvation. Please join us next time when I will deal with several other interesting medieval topics from King Richard’s Sword. Greetings! Today, we continue to examine some of the topics which arise in King Richard’s Sword, the sixth book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mystery series. We are currently discussing the ancient city of Worcester, the setting for the novel. This posting will continue the medieval history of Worcester by focusing on Worcester Cathedral. I mentioned in my posting of August 23, 2021, that Worcester Cathedral has a history going back to AD 680. That is 1341 years ago, over a millennium and a third. Those of us who are Americans find such longevity amazing and can hardly imagine an organization existing and thriving for such a period. It is true that there are no longer any remnants of the first cathedral building in Worcester, but the cathedra, that is, the throne of the Bishop of Worcester, has been at this same site throughout these many centuries. In my earlier postings about Worcester, I mentioned that two Saxon bishops, Oswald and Wulfstan, later became saints after each contributed to the development of the cathedral. Oswald, in the late 10th century, brought the running of the cathedral under a single monastic order, the Benedictines. Thus, Worcester Priory and Worcester Cathedral became linked together before the end of the first millennium, a situation that continued up to and beyond the time of my novel at the end of the 14th century. Wulfstan started a new church building, a model of which is shown above at the start of this post. The crypt of that 11th century church does survive under today’s mostly Gothic church building. King John of Magna Carta fame took a special interest in Worcester. On his deathbed, he added a codicil to his will stipulating that he wished to be buried in Worcester Cathedral. His death occurred in AD 1216 and his wishes were honored, so his tomb, as pictured above, sits today in front of the high altar of Worcester Cathedral. The present building, called the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Mary the Virgin, of Worcester, was constructed between AD 1084 (the crypt) and 1504 and represents architectural styles from Norman to Early English Gothic right through to Perpendicular Gothic. In the picture to the left, I am sitting in the nave taking in the splendid Gothic interior as it would have appeared at the time of King Richard’s Sword. The medieval version of the church was much as we see it today, but it did feature a separate tower called the Clochium on the north side of the church. The Clochium was a massive, octagonal stone structure with a spire on top, probably used to toll the hours of the Opus Dei before the central tower of the Gothic structure was built. The drawing of the medieval cathedral and priory above shows how the Clochium was higher than any other feature of the medieval buildings. Early in my novel, when the Lady Apollonia visited the priory, she had to walk past the Clochium to enter the cathedral through the north door. In 1987, the remains of a medieval pilgrim were found in Worcester Cathedral. Objects found with his remains indicated that he had traveled to Santiago de Compostela in Spain and made other pilgrimages as well. He had been wounded on his journeys, but the quality of his clothes indicated that he was comparatively wealthy, although probably not a knight or nobleman. A drawing of the so-called Worcester Pilgrim is shown on the left. The pilgrim inspired one of my characters in King Richard’s Sword, a wealthy merchant named Robert Kenwood. This next picture shows me examining some ruins next to the eastern south transept off the Choir of Worcester Cathedral. This was once the east wall of the Guesten Hall in Worcester Priory where visitors were lodged under the care of the priory’s Hospitaller. In my novel, I chose it as a place for Brandon Landow, the pardoner, to stay when he was trying to sell a fake relic to the monks of Worcester Priory. Please join us next time when I will tell of some of the characteristics of King Richard II whose loss of his crown by usurpation occurred at the time of my story. For now, however, I leave you with a picture below of the glorious Worcester Cathedral as it appears from across the River Severn. Greetings! Today, we continue to examine some of the topics which arise in King Richard’s Sword, the sixth book in my Lady Apollonia West Country Mysteries. We are focusing on the ancient city of Worcester, the setting for the novel. In my last post, I began to discuss the medieval history of Worcester from the time of the Norman Conquest in AD 1066; this will continue that history. I have mentioned that Worcester was well situated on a trade route from England to Wales. In the medieval period, guilds began to develop in some trades. The Guild of Merchants in Worcester was incorporated in the 13th century and was the dominant guild by the time of my novel. There are many houses remaining in Worcester from the medieval period. A number of them were built by wealthy merchants and inspired my image of the city as I wrote the story. For example, an ancient jettied house on New Street is shown above on the left. Several of these medieval houses are on Friary Street and one, in particular, stands out. It is called Greyfriars House and was my inspiration for Aust House in my story. This house and Friary Street are named for the defunct Greyfriars Friary which was in this part of the city. It was once thought that Greyfriars House served guests of the priory, but it was, in fact, built by a merchant. The building is now run by the National Trust. Its exterior is shown on the right side of the picture above while its back garden appears below. Another building on Friary Street is shown at the end of this posting. Worcester Cathedral is a glorious medieval building with both Norman and Gothic architecture in its construction. I will deal with it specifically in the next posting. Other city buildings from the medieval period include the Commandery which I mentioned in my last posting. There was a Jewish presence in Worcester, but they were much persecuted in the 13th century and expelled in AD 1275. This had implications for my story because I create a Worcester character in King Richard’s Sword who becomes friends with my heroine, Lady Apollonia. She learns that he is troubled by the recent revelation that one of his ancestors was a Jew who converted to Christianity to prevent being expelled in the 13th century. Another implication of the Jewish expulsion involves the lending of money. Before AD 1275, the Jews in Worcester had been useful as money lenders because the Roman Catholic Church frowned on Christians lending money and charging interest. As the merchant class was growing in the 14th century people needed to borrow money to grow their businesses. When Jews were no longer resident in England, the only lenders were individuals who did not feel bound by the Christian sanction against lending. This led to some despicable characters who practiced usury, the lending of money at unreasonably high rates of interest. Some of the villains in my story were usurious and took advantage of Worcester people who needed money, trapping them in the exorbitant interest rates they charged. Please join us next time when I will focus on the ancient history of Worcester Cathedral.
21752	yago	1	50	https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/House_of_Percy	en	House of Percy	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e7/Henry_Hotspur.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20150219212833	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e7/Henry_Hotspur.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20150219212833	[ "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210916044045", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/e/e7/Henry_Hotspur.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150219212833", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Alternative History" ]	null	Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, a well-known and successful English soldier, had helped overthrow King Richard II (who later died in 1400) in support of Henry of Lancaster. As a result, Henry of Lancaster became King Henry IV. When Hotspur became discontented with the Lancasters, Hotspur decided to rebel...	en	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210916203836	Alternative History	https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/House_of_Percy	Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, a well-known and successful English soldier, had helped overthrow King Richard II (who later died in 1400) in support of Henry of Lancaster. As a result, Henry of Lancaster became King Henry IV. When Hotspur became discontented with the Lancasters, Hotspur decided to rebel against the king. The POD, Instead of being killed, Hotspur's forces were able to hold on long enough for Hotspur's father (the Earl of Northumberland) to arrive with his forces. When the Earl arrives, the Battle of Shrewsbury ends with the death of Henry, Prince of Wales. The result creates more tension for the throne of England, pushing back the start of the War of the Roses from 1455 to 1431. 1403—1405: Rebellion[] After the Battle, Hotspur gained considerably support, especially among the Yorkist forces. He turned his attention to King Henry IV. A battle north of London occurred on August 3, 1405 after Hotspur's forces met the forces of Henry IV. The battle was intense and both sides had numerous casualties. However, when the King was slain in battle, his forces fled. Thomas of Lancaster, the 2nd son of Henry IV, ascended to the the English throne after his father was killed. However, Yorkist forces ran him out of town and Thomas went into exile. 1405: Hotspur ascends the throne[] In right of his wife, Elizabeth Mortimer, a descendant of Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, second son of King Edward III, Hotspur ascends to the English throne. 1405—12: War in France[] An excellent soldier, as Hotspur commanded all of England's forces, he led an invasion into France, which was more successful than any other military expeditions into the continent than in any other French wars. Upon taking Paris, King Philip IV went into exile. Hotspur named his son Henry as heir to the throne and also granted northern France to his daughter's family. John Clifford, his son-in-law, became the 1st Duke of France. 1412—31[] The period following the War in France was succeeded by an era of peace and prosperity. The exiled Henry Bolingbroke died in 1413. Hotspur ruled England until his death in 1431. He was succeeded by his son Henry, who became King Henry VI. However, the claim to the throne would be held by more members of the descendants of Edward III. 1431—1461: War of the Roses[] 1431—1450: Charles' War[] Upon the death of Hotspur, his son took the throne as Henry VI. Catherine Capet of France, daughter of the exiled Charles Valois and mother of 10-year-old Henry Lancaster, claimant to the throne of England, had several supporters in France to regain control of the English throne and knock the Clifford and Percys off the throne. In 1431, her brother, Charles Valois, pretender to the French throne, launched a force from southern France to retake the country. This resulted in a period of civil war called "Charles' War" between the supports of the Valois family and the supporters of the Clifford family. Thomas Clifford, 2nd Duke of France, had several losses in the early part of the war. Sir Philip Wentworth, who upon marriage to Thomas' sister Mary Clifford became, Earl of Suffolk, aided him in his campaigns beginning in 1447. They were able to successfully put down the rebellion by 1450. 1439—1461: English Civil War[] Meanwhile in England, tensions between different branches of the Plantagenet family increased. List of rulers[] 1431-1537: 106 Years of Henry Percys[] Plantagenet Henry IV (killed August 3, 1405) Thomas I (1405) Percy Henry V (1405-1431) Henry VI (1431-1455) Henry VII (1455-1461) Henry VIII (1461-1489) Henry IX (1489-1527) Henry X (1527-1537) Dukes of France John Clifford, 1st Duke of France (1412-1422) Thomas Clifford, 2nd Duke of France (1422-1455) John Clifford, 3rd Duke of France (1455-1461) Henry Clifford, 4th Duke of France (1461-1523) Henry Clifford, 5th Duke of France (1523-1542) Henry Clifford, 6th Duke of France (1542-1570) Pretenders of France Charles (VI) Capet (1380-1422) Charles (VII) Valois (1422-1461) h Louis (XI) Valois (1461-1483) Charles (VIII) Valois (1483-1498) Louis (XII) Valois (1498-1515) Francis (I) (1515-1547) 1537-1544: War Against the Duchy of France[] After the unpopular King Henry X died without issue in 1537, there was a growing tension between the Kingdom of England and the Duchy of France. Henry X was succeeded by his brother, King Thomas II. Up until the 1520s, the Duke of France ruled the country from a comfortable castle in southern England. However, the for many years, the French continued to get hostile and demand the return of their Pretender, Francis Valois. Henry Clifford, the 5th Duke, had to relocate to Paris to have a better control of the country. The country fell into turmoil, especially as Henry's illness caused him to retire. He handed over his titles to his son, Henry, the 6th Duke, in 1542 and died shortly afterward. The 6th Duke, Henry, effectively lost the Duchy of France to Francis Valois, when he took Paris in 1544. Knowing that the reconquering of France would mean war with England, Duke Henry made a deal with Francis, to take the Kingdom of England from Thomas and in return Duke Henry would grant France to Francis Valois. When Henry Clifford fled to the court of Thomas I to urge him to not go to war against France, Thomas ignored him and sent an army to France. The bloody battle that ensured resulted in a French victory. Francis furthermore made an attempt to invade England, without success.
21752	yago	3	69	https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/jun/19/sylvestra-le-touzel-monologue-women-in-shakespeare	en	Sylvestra Le Touzel: why actresses feel shortchanged by Shakespeare	https://i.guim.co.uk/img…b678449eafcb0e3d	https://i.guim.co.uk/img…b678449eafcb0e3d	[ "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=Royal+Shakespeare+Company%2CCulture%2CTheatre%2CWilliam+Shakespeare%2CStage", "https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/6/18/1403087283604/Owen-Teale-and-Sylvestra--011.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none", "https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/6/18/1403101540482/Robert-Stephens-as-Falsta-001.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Guardian staff", "Sylvestra Le Touzel" ]	2014-06-19T00:00:00	<p>Playing Hotspur's wife in Henry IV, I learned how Shakespeare put passion into his roles for women – but not enough lines</p>	en	https://assets.guim.co.u…e-touch-icon.svg	the Guardian	https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/jun/19/sylvestra-le-touzel-monologue-women-in-shakespeare	Inhabiting Shakespeare's women can be frustrating, not because he lacked insight into the female condition but because he didn't give us enough space in which to play. "Have you ever felt that one of your scenes is missing?" Elizabeth Bell once asked me as she adjusted Gertrude's lipstick, rose from her chair and exited with resignation to meet Hamlet in her closet. In 1991, I was playing Lady Percy, wife of the impetuous Hotspur, in Adrian Noble's production of Henry IV parts I & II. There are five named women in these plays, and 50 men. For about the first 45 minutes of the play, only male voices are heard. Then in act 2 scene 3 Kate Percy arrives and speaks for 28 lines without pausing for breath. Her outpouring is a challenge to her husband to tell her what's going on. While driving to Stratford during the run of the play, I heard on the radio an army wife whose husband was involved in the first Gulf war. She said she and her husband usually argued the night before he left home on a posting, because the tension was just too much. Shakespeare accurately wrote the scenes between the Percys as a passionate argument. Robert Stephens, playing Falstaff, was returning to the stage after a long absence due to ill health. His rakish body seemed to endow Falstaff with a knowledge of "sack" that was deep, heartfelt and carnal. His listing gait, from an old fall, gave Falstaff the battered determination of the Fighting Temeraire being towed downstream to be broken up. One Friday we gathered in our Clapham rehearsal room for the final run through. The kettle drums, which had arrived some days before, were positioned at the back of the room ready for the battle. I sat on the floor at the front almost under Adrian's desk, as if I were a child at primary school on the story carpet. There were one or two pieces of furniture, some odd costumes and two or three huge flagpoles. Robert had a cape and a battered hat and, thin without the Falstaff padding, he shambled with broken strides across the floor, whacked the tavern door frame almost off its hinges and barked with a voice that could have stripped paint from the back wall. We watched open-jawed as the magnificent structure of the play unfolded. The kettle drums shook the floor as the men in battle howled and ran across the bare boards. It was an astounding afternoon, inspirational, whether watching or playing we all felt part of an organism we had not known existed. When we got to Stratford the women were banished, three of us in a tiny upstairs dressing room. Actresses in Shakespeare are in an exceptional position, detached from the action, yet linked to it. We hear the play again and again over the PA; new things strike us, we wonder if Shakespeare understood how it feels to be pushed into a position that seems peripheral. As Henry IV wore on, our talk was underscored by the insistent rumble of drums and the cries of battle. Actors come to depend on backstage rituals, building patterns and pathways echoing the onstage life of a play. I don't know how it happened that the men started to come to our room, bloody in their battle dress during breaks in the fighting. There was barely space. They filled the vacant seats then sat on the counters, chain mail among Kleenex and rouge. Rules were observed, weapons had to be left in the corridor. What did we talk about? I don't remember. About life rather than death, about what had happened in the tavern a few minutes before. I know there was laughter, and I know we invariably paused to hear Robert on the loudspeaker ask: "What is honour? A word." Though the conversations are lost to me now, I know that these moments were valuable to all of us. Finally we'd hear the call "Standby for the tableau", and the men would leave, not for real battle, but to pretend. Later I thought about Kate Percy, whose insistence drives her husband to take her to the field of battle to silence her. Like many women, she exists in a war zone without being able to influence the outcome. Many years later, while working on one of her speeches with a drama student, we came to a section where the pentameter has an unexpected rhythm. I'd skipped over it 20 years before, but working on it again we found the underlying beat of a drum woven into the sentence structure. You can work on a speech for years and still find new insights. More from Monologue Samantha Bond: When I kissed Branagh as Romeo we both blushed scarlet Zöe Wanamaker: Je ne regrette rien about Piaf Sinéad Cusack: How Jeremy Irons helped me sneak into the RSC Fiona Shaw: Playing Electra in Derry helped me see the power of tragedy
21752	yago	0	1	https://www.folger.edu/blogs/shakespeare-and-beyond/lady-percy-lady-mortimer-henry-iv-part-1/	en	Lady Percy and Lady Mortimer in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1	https://images.folger.ed…?fit=1024%2C1024	https://images.folger.ed…?fit=1024%2C1024	[ "https://www.folger.edu/themes/childtheme//assets/images/folger-logo--large.svg", "https://www.folger.edu/themes/childtheme//assets/images/folger-logo--small.svg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/SENSE_369_TWood-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2022/09/FSL_WestGarden2.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/Shakespeares-Birthday-2017-517-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2022/09/McKee-Scholars-0049-cr-lloyd-wolf.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/TSI_Vivid_Teachers_ReadingRoom_015_crJamesRBrantley-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/BrewsAndBanter_5C9A8510web.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/007854.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/008945.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/034438.jpg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/025973.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/036473.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/034361.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/142684.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/036299.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6658.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/115230.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/115233.jpg", "https://www.folger.edu/admin/wp-includes/images/spinner.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-09-24T10:00:00	In Henry IV, Part 1, Shakespeare created Lady Percy and Lady Mortimer out of the fragments of history, giving them voices that appeal freshly to us today.	en	https://www.folger.edu/s…e-touch-icon.png		https://www.folger.edu/blogs/shakespeare-and-beyond/lady-percy-lady-mortimer-henry-iv-part-1/	“This is a play which all men admire, and which most women dislike,” wrote actress and writer Elizabeth Inchbald in her diary in 1807 about Henry IV, Part 1. She objects to “many revolting expressions in the comic parts,” and thinks that a female audience would rather see Prince Hal as a lady killer, than an associate of the “traitor” Percy. The diary says nothing about Lady Percy (whom Inchbald portrayed onstage) or the other female characters in the play, except to comment that Percy pays more attention to his horse than to his wife. But though the play’s action focuses on the male characters and the build-up to their confrontations on the battlefield, the noblewomen affected by their husbands’ actions stake their own claims to the audience’s attention: feisty Lady Percy gives as good as she gets from her husband, and Lady Mortimer, who was silently cut from performances for hundreds of years, has been revived in modern productions. Shakespeare created these heroines out of the fragments of history, giving them voices that appeal freshly to us today. Although Lady Percy’s husband Henry Percy or “Hotspur” calls her “Kate,” she was actually Elizabeth, the sister of Edmund Mortimer. She and Lady Mortimer are barely footnotes in Holinshed’s Chronicle, Shakespeare’s major source for the story of Henry IV. Nevertheless, Shakespeare created from imagination the sort of woman he thought could match the impetuous character of Hotspur the warrior. It’s interesting that he has Hotspur call her “Kate,” as she seems to reflect something of Shakespeare’s other “Kate,” the headstrong wife in The Taming of the Shrew, which was likely written a few years earlier than Henry IV. There is also a long tradition relating her to Portia, the wife of Julius Caesar, who similarly confronts her husband to learn what has been so troubling his sleep. Unlike Portia, however, who wounds herself to prove her trustworthiness, Lady Percy ultimately gives in to her husband’s misogynistic refusal to tell her what is on his mind. The nineteenth-century essayist, Anna Jameson (1794-1860), whose study of Shakespeare’s heroines was widely read, says that Lady Percy “has no real influence” over her husband: “he has no confidence in her.” Jameson compares “Lady Percy’s fond upbraidings, and her half playful, half pouting entreaties,” with Portia’s “matronly dignity and tenderness.” Romantic and Victorian period illustrations of Lady Percy tend to play up this “sprightly, feminine, and fond” aspect of her character, depicting her as a doting wife, seen in these images: The French artist, Alexandre Bida (1813-1895), has a better sense of the tension in the scene, placing a physical distance between Hotspur with one foot in the saddle, and Lady Percy who twists around awkwardly to look at him. His outstretched arm keeps her at bay. Jameson remarks that “almost every one knows by heart Lady Percy’s celebrated address to her husband.” The speech occurs in Act 2, scene 3, where her husband has been pacing up and down, reading a disturbing letter from someone who has backed down from joining him, Mortimer, and other rebels against Henry IV. It is a “set” speech of almost 30 lines which was published many times in selections of “Beauties of Shakespeare,” meant to be memorized by school children and by those at home learning good elocution. Today the speech is not as familiar, but we bring to it a new context. As Lady Percy asks what takes her lord from his bed, why he is musing and melancholy, why he talks in his sleep “of iron wars . . . Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, /Of prisoners’ ransom, and of soldiers slain,” we recognize the helpless feeling of a woman whose husband is suffering from PTSD. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow . . . And in thy face strange motions have appeared Such as we see when men restrain their breath. (2.3. 58-60, 62-63) She wants to know what’s bothering him, but like many men today who have experienced the horrors of war, and who know of more to come, Percy cannot and will not tell her. When he resists, her tone lightens as she tries to tease it out of him: Come, come, you paraquito [little parrot], answer me Directly unto this question that I ask. In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry, An if thou wilt not tell me all things true. (2.3.90-93) He banters with her but refuses to say where he is going, only that she will follow him the next day. The German artist Johann Ramberg (1763-1840) catches the moment perfectly with Hotspur, armed, whip in hand, waiting for his lively horse, and Lady Percy holding his shoulder and twisting his finger. The couple turn up again with Owen Glendower, his son-in-law Mortimer (Lady Percy’s brother), and Mortimer’s wife, Glendower’s daughter, in Act 3, scene 1. This lady has plenty to say, but there is no written dialogue given, as she speaks in Welsh. It is thought that Shakespeare may have created the part for a Welsh boy in his acting company, who also had a good voice, since the lady sings beautifully. Productions of the play in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries tended to cut Lady Mortimer’s part completely, but she has now been reinstated and serves as a contrast to Lady Percy, and also as a voice for a British minority. Lady Mortimer — called “The Lady” in the play — is presented as a doting wife, who “makes Welsh as sweet as ditties highly penned,/ Sung by a fair queen in a summer’s bower” (3.1.215-16). She asks her husband to sit down with his head on her lap, while she sings him to sleep. The restful quality of their relationship is in stark contrast to the restless sleep of Hotspur as described earlier by his wife. “Lie still,” she says to him now, “and hear the lady sing in Welsh.” Hotspur doesn’t like Welsh and is too wound up to lie still; on her part, Kate refuses to sing, and he in turn accuses her of speaking oaths mouthed by London street vendors. Shakespeare uses the different characters of the two women to highlight the contrast between their husbands, summarized by Owen Glendower, who says of his son-in-law Mortimer, “You are as slow/ As hot Lord Percy is on fire to go.” Lady Mortimer’s Welsh points to Shakespeare’s growing interest in exploring multiple languages, as seen in his later Henry V where Prince Hal, now as king, stumbles to woe Katherine of France in her own tongue, and Welsh, Scots, and Irish soldiers, each speak in their own accents. Under Queen Elizabeth, Shakespeare’s plays were a celebration of Tudor history, and the Tudor line traced its ancestry to the Welsh Owen Tudur [sic] who married Katherine after the death of Henry V. The celebration and exploration of such linguistic richness begins here in Henry IV, Part 1. Lady Mortimer is not seen again in Shakespeare’s plays, but Lady Percy turns up in Henry IV, Part 2 where she eulogizes her husband, who was killed by Prince Hal at the end of Part 1. Speaking to her father-in-law, the Earl of Northumberland, she reminds him how he did not support Hotspur in his initial revolt, and she remembers her lord as one who . . . by his light Did all the chivalry of England move To do brave acts. He was indeed the glass Wherein the noble youth did dress themselves. (Henry IV, Part 2, 2.3.19-22) “Kate” to her husband, Lady Percy now passes out of the plays as a grieving widow who ends as she began with a powerful speech.
21752	yago	3	53	http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryiv/full.html	en	Henry IV, part 1: Entire Play			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	The First part of King Henry the Fourth Shakespeare homepage \| Henry IV, part 1 \| Entire play ACT I SCENE I. London. The palace. Enter KING HENRY, LORD JOHN OF LANCASTER, the EARL of WESTMORELAND, SIR WALTER BLUNT, and others KING HENRY IV So shaken as we are, so wan with care, Find we a time for frighted peace to pant, And breathe short-winded accents of new broils To be commenced in strands afar remote. No more the thirsty entrance of this soil Shall daub her lips with her own children's blood; Nor more shall trenching war channel her fields, Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs Of hostile paces: those opposed eyes, Which, like the meteors of a troubled heaven, All of one nature, of one substance bred, Did lately meet in the intestine shock And furious close of civil butchery Shall now, in mutual well-beseeming ranks, March all one way and be no more opposed Against acquaintance, kindred and allies: The edge of war, like an ill-sheathed knife, No more shall cut his master. Therefore, friends, As far as to the sepulchre of Christ, Whose soldier now, under whose blessed cross We are impressed and engaged to fight, Forthwith a power of English shall we levy; Whose arms were moulded in their mothers' womb To chase these pagans in those holy fields Over whose acres walk'd those blessed feet Which fourteen hundred years ago were nail'd For our advantage on the bitter cross. But this our purpose now is twelve month old, And bootless 'tis to tell you we will go: Therefore we meet not now. Then let me hear Of you, my gentle cousin Westmoreland, What yesternight our council did decree In forwarding this dear expedience. WESTMORELAND My liege, this haste was hot in question, And many limits of the charge set down But yesternight: when all athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news; Whose worst was, that the noble Mortimer, Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against the irregular and wild Glendower, Was by the rude hands of that Welshman taken, A thousand of his people butchered; Upon whose dead corpse there was such misuse, Such beastly shameless transformation, By those Welshwomen done as may not be Without much shame retold or spoken of. KING HENRY IV It seems then that the tidings of this broil Brake off our business for the Holy Land. WESTMORELAND This match'd with other did, my gracious lord; For more uneven and unwelcome news Came from the north and thus it did import: On Holy-rood day, the gallant Hotspur there, Young Harry Percy and brave Archibald, That ever-valiant and approved Scot, At Holmedon met, Where they did spend a sad and bloody hour, As by discharge of their artillery, And shape of likelihood, the news was told; For he that brought them, in the very heat And pride of their contention did take horse, Uncertain of the issue any way. KING HENRY IV Here is a dear, a true industrious friend, Sir Walter Blunt, new lighted from his horse. Stain'd with the variation of each soil Betwixt that Holmedon and this seat of ours; And he hath brought us smooth and welcome news. The Earl of Douglas is discomfited: Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights, Balk'd in their own blood did Sir Walter see On Holmedon's plains. Of prisoners, Hotspur took Mordake the Earl of Fife, and eldest son To beaten Douglas; and the Earl of Athol, Of Murray, Angus, and Menteith: And is not this an honourable spoil? A gallant prize? ha, cousin, is it not? WESTMORELAND In faith, It is a conquest for a prince to boast of. KING HENRY IV Yea, there thou makest me sad and makest me sin In envy that my Lord Northumberland Should be the father to so blest a son, A son who is the theme of honour's tongue; Amongst a grove, the very straightest plant; Who is sweet Fortune's minion and her pride: Whilst I, by looking on the praise of him, See riot and dishonour stain the brow Of my young Harry. O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged In cradle-clothes our children where they lay, And call'd mine Percy, his Plantagenet! Then would I have his Harry, and he mine. But let him from my thoughts. What think you, coz, Of this young Percy's pride? the prisoners, Which he in this adventure hath surprised, To his own use he keeps; and sends me word, I shall have none but Mordake Earl of Fife. WESTMORELAND This is his uncle's teaching; this is Worcester, Malevolent to you in all aspects; Which makes him prune himself, and bristle up The crest of youth against your dignity. KING HENRY IV But I have sent for him to answer this; And for this cause awhile we must neglect Our holy purpose to Jerusalem. Cousin, on Wednesday next our council we Will hold at Windsor; so inform the lords: But come yourself with speed to us again; For more is to be said and to be done Than out of anger can be uttered. WESTMORELAND I will, my liege. Exeunt SCENE II. London. An apartment of the Prince's. Enter the PRINCE OF WALES and FALSTAFF FALSTAFF Now, Hal, what time of day is it, lad? PRINCE HENRY Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack and unbuttoning thee after supper and sleeping upon benches after noon, that thou hast forgotten to demand that truly which thou wouldst truly know. What a devil hast thou to do with the time of the day? Unless hours were cups of sack and minutes capons and clocks the tongues of bawds and dials the signs of leaping-houses and the blessed sun himself a fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta, I see no reason why thou shouldst be so superfluous to demand the time of the day. FALSTAFF Indeed, you come near me now, Hal; for we that take purses go by the moon and the seven stars, and not by Phoebus, he,'that wandering knight so fair.' And, I prithee, sweet wag, when thou art king, as, God save thy grace,--majesty I should say, for grace thou wilt have none,-- PRINCE HENRY What, none? FALSTAFF No, by my troth, not so much as will serve to prologue to an egg and butter. PRINCE HENRY Well, how then? come, roundly, roundly. FALSTAFF Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king, let not us that are squires of the night's body be called thieves of the day's beauty: let us be Diana's foresters, gentlemen of the shade, minions of the moon; and let men say we be men of good government, being governed, as the sea is, by our noble and chaste mistress the moon, under whose countenance we steal. PRINCE HENRY Thou sayest well, and it holds well too; for the fortune of us that are the moon's men doth ebb and flow like the sea, being governed, as the sea is, by the moon. As, for proof, now: a purse of gold most resolutely snatched on Monday night and most dissolutely spent on Tuesday morning; got with swearing 'Lay by' and spent with crying 'Bring in;' now in as low an ebb as the foot of the ladder and by and by in as high a flow as the ridge of the gallows. FALSTAFF By the Lord, thou sayest true, lad. And is not my hostess of the tavern a most sweet wench? PRINCE HENRY As the honey of Hybla, my old lad of the castle. And is not a buff jerkin a most sweet robe of durance? FALSTAFF How now, how now, mad wag! what, in thy quips and thy quiddities? what a plague have I to do with a buff jerkin? PRINCE HENRY Why, what a pox have I to do with my hostess of the tavern? FALSTAFF Well, thou hast called her to a reckoning many a time and oft. PRINCE HENRY Did I ever call for thee to pay thy part? FALSTAFF No; I'll give thee thy due, thou hast paid all there. PRINCE HENRY Yea, and elsewhere, so far as my coin would stretch; and where it would not, I have used my credit. FALSTAFF Yea, and so used it that were it not here apparent that thou art heir apparent--But, I prithee, sweet wag, shall there be gallows standing in England when thou art king? and resolution thus fobbed as it is with the rusty curb of old father antic the law? Do not thou, when thou art king, hang a thief. PRINCE HENRY No; thou shalt. FALSTAFF Shall I? O rare! By the Lord, I'll be a brave judge. PRINCE HENRY Thou judgest false already: I mean, thou shalt have the hanging of the thieves and so become a rare hangman. FALSTAFF Well, Hal, well; and in some sort it jumps with my humour as well as waiting in the court, I can tell you. PRINCE HENRY For obtaining of suits? FALSTAFF Yea, for obtaining of suits, whereof the hangman hath no lean wardrobe. 'Sblood, I am as melancholy as a gib cat or a lugged bear. PRINCE HENRY Or an old lion, or a lover's lute. FALSTAFF Yea, or the drone of a Lincolnshire bagpipe. PRINCE HENRY What sayest thou to a hare, or the melancholy of Moor-ditch? FALSTAFF Thou hast the most unsavoury similes and art indeed the most comparative, rascalliest, sweet young prince. But, Hal, I prithee, trouble me no more with vanity. I would to God thou and I knew where a commodity of good names were to be bought. An old lord of the council rated me the other day in the street about you, sir, but I marked him not; and yet he talked very wisely, but I regarded him not; and yet he talked wisely, and in the street too. PRINCE HENRY Thou didst well; for wisdom cries out in the streets, and no man regards it. FALSTAFF O, thou hast damnable iteration and art indeed able to corrupt a saint. Thou hast done much harm upon me, Hal; God forgive thee for it! Before I knew thee, Hal, I knew nothing; and now am I, if a man should speak truly, little better than one of the wicked. I must give over this life, and I will give it over: by the Lord, and I do not, I am a villain: I'll be damned for never a king's son in Christendom. PRINCE HENRY Where shall we take a purse tomorrow, Jack? FALSTAFF 'Zounds, where thou wilt, lad; I'll make one; an I do not, call me villain and baffle me. PRINCE HENRY I see a good amendment of life in thee; from praying to purse-taking. FALSTAFF Why, Hal, 'tis my vocation, Hal; 'tis no sin for a man to labour in his vocation. Enter POINS Poins! Now shall we know if Gadshill have set a match. O, if men were to be saved by merit, what hole in hell were hot enough for him? This is the most omnipotent villain that ever cried 'Stand' to a true man. PRINCE HENRY Good morrow, Ned. POINS Good morrow, sweet Hal. What says Monsieur Remorse? what says Sir John Sack and Sugar? Jack! how agrees the devil and thee about thy soul, that thou soldest him on Good-Friday last for a cup of Madeira and a cold capon's leg? PRINCE HENRY Sir John stands to his word, the devil shall have his bargain; for he was never yet a breaker of proverbs: he will give the devil his due. POINS Then art thou damned for keeping thy word with the devil. PRINCE HENRY Else he had been damned for cozening the devil. POINS But, my lads, my lads, to-morrow morning, by four o'clock, early at Gadshill! there are pilgrims going to Canterbury with rich offerings, and traders riding to London with fat purses: I have vizards for you all; you have horses for yourselves: Gadshill lies to-night in Rochester: I have bespoke supper to-morrow night in Eastcheap: we may do it as secure as sleep. If you will go, I will stuff your purses full of crowns; if you will not, tarry at home and be hanged. FALSTAFF Hear ye, Yedward; if I tarry at home and go not, I'll hang you for going. POINS You will, chops? FALSTAFF Hal, wilt thou make one? PRINCE HENRY Who, I rob? I a thief? not I, by my faith. FALSTAFF There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good fellowship in thee, nor thou camest not of the blood royal, if thou darest not stand for ten shillings. PRINCE HENRY Well then, once in my days I'll be a madcap. FALSTAFF Why, that's well said. PRINCE HENRY Well, come what will, I'll tarry at home. FALSTAFF By the Lord, I'll be a traitor then, when thou art king. PRINCE HENRY I care not. POINS Sir John, I prithee, leave the prince and me alone: I will lay him down such reasons for this adventure that he shall go. FALSTAFF Well, God give thee the spirit of persuasion and him the ears of profiting, that what thou speakest may move and what he hears may be believed, that the true prince may, for recreation sake, prove a false thief; for the poor abuses of the time want countenance. Farewell: you shall find me in Eastcheap. PRINCE HENRY Farewell, thou latter spring! farewell, All-hallown summer! Exit Falstaff POINS Now, my good sweet honey lord, ride with us to-morrow: I have a jest to execute that I cannot manage alone. Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto and Gadshill shall rob those men that we have already waylaid: yourself and I will not be there; and when they have the booty, if you and I do not rob them, cut this head off from my shoulders. PRINCE HENRY How shall we part with them in setting forth? POINS Why, we will set forth before or after them, and appoint them a place of meeting, wherein it is at our pleasure to fail, and then will they adventure upon the exploit themselves; which they shall have no sooner achieved, but we'll set upon them. PRINCE HENRY Yea, but 'tis like that they will know us by our horses, by our habits and by every other appointment, to be ourselves. POINS Tut! our horses they shall not see: I'll tie them in the wood; our vizards we will change after we leave them: and, sirrah, I have cases of buckram for the nonce, to immask our noted outward garments. PRINCE HENRY Yea, but I doubt they will be too hard for us. POINS Well, for two of them, I know them to be as true-bred cowards as ever turned back; and for the third, if he fight longer than he sees reason, I'll forswear arms. The virtue of this jest will be, the incomprehensible lies that this same fat rogue will tell us when we meet at supper: how thirty, at least, he fought with; what wards, what blows, what extremities he endured; and in the reproof of this lies the jest. PRINCE HENRY Well, I'll go with thee: provide us all things necessary and meet me to-morrow night in Eastcheap; there I'll sup. Farewell. POINS Farewell, my lord. Exit Poins PRINCE HENRY I know you all, and will awhile uphold The unyoked humour of your idleness: Yet herein will I imitate the sun, Who doth permit the base contagious clouds To smother up his beauty from the world, That, when he please again to be himself, Being wanted, he may be more wonder'd at, By breaking through the foul and ugly mists Of vapours that did seem to strangle him. If all the year were playing holidays, To sport would be as tedious as to work; But when they seldom come, they wish'd for come, And nothing pleaseth but rare accidents. So, when this loose behavior I throw off And pay the debt I never promised, By how much better than my word I am, By so much shall I falsify men's hopes; And like bright metal on a sullen ground, My reformation, glittering o'er my fault, Shall show more goodly and attract more eyes Than that which hath no foil to set it off. I'll so offend, to make offence a skill; Redeeming time when men think least I will. Exit SCENE III. London. The palace. Enter the KING, NORTHUMBERLAND, WORCESTER, HOTSPUR, SIR WALTER BLUNT, with others KING HENRY IV My blood hath been too cold and temperate, Unapt to stir at these indignities, And you have found me; for accordingly You tread upon my patience: but be sure I will from henceforth rather be myself, Mighty and to be fear'd, than my condition; Which hath been smooth as oil, soft as young down, And therefore lost that title of respect Which the proud soul ne'er pays but to the proud. EARL OF WORCESTER Our house, my sovereign liege, little deserves The scourge of greatness to be used on it; And that same greatness too which our own hands Have holp to make so portly. NORTHUMBERLAND My lord.-- KING HENRY IV Worcester, get thee gone; for I do see Danger and disobedience in thine eye: O, sir, your presence is too bold and peremptory, And majesty might never yet endure The moody frontier of a servant brow. You have good leave to leave us: when we need Your use and counsel, we shall send for you. Exit Worcester You were about to speak. To North NORTHUMBERLAND Yea, my good lord. Those prisoners in your highness' name demanded, Which Harry Percy here at Holmedon took, Were, as he says, not with such strength denied As is deliver'd to your majesty: Either envy, therefore, or misprison Is guilty of this fault and not my son. HOTSPUR My liege, I did deny no prisoners. But I remember, when the fight was done, When I was dry with rage and extreme toil, Breathless and faint, leaning upon my sword, Came there a certain lord, neat, and trimly dress'd, Fresh as a bridegroom; and his chin new reap'd Show'd like a stubble-land at harvest-home; He was perfumed like a milliner; And 'twixt his finger and his thumb he held A pouncet-box, which ever and anon He gave his nose and took't away again; Who therewith angry, when it next came there, Took it in snuff; and still he smiled and talk'd, And as the soldiers bore dead bodies by, He call'd them untaught knaves, unmannerly, To bring a slovenly unhandsome corse Betwixt the wind and his nobility. With many holiday and lady terms He question'd me; amongst the rest, demanded My prisoners in your majesty's behalf. I then, all smarting with my wounds being cold, To be so pester'd with a popinjay, Out of my grief and my impatience, Answer'd neglectingly I know not what, He should or he should not; for he made me mad To see him shine so brisk and smell so sweet And talk so like a waiting-gentlewoman Of guns and drums and wounds,--God save the mark!-- And telling me the sovereign'st thing on earth Was parmaceti for an inward bruise; And that it was great pity, so it was, This villanous salt-petre should be digg'd Out of the bowels of the harmless earth, Which many a good tall fellow had destroy'd So cowardly; and but for these vile guns, He would himself have been a soldier. This bald unjointed chat of his, my lord, I answer'd indirectly, as I said; And I beseech you, let not his report Come current for an accusation Betwixt my love and your high majesty. SIR WALTER BLUNT The circumstance consider'd, good my lord, Whate'er Lord Harry Percy then had said To such a person and in such a place, At such a time, with all the rest retold, May reasonably die and never rise To do him wrong or any way impeach What then he said, so he unsay it now. KING HENRY IV Why, yet he doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception, That we at our own charge shall ransom straight His brother-in-law, the foolish Mortimer; Who, on my soul, hath wilfully betray'd The lives of those that he did lead to fight Against that great magician, damn'd Glendower, Whose daughter, as we hear, the Earl of March Hath lately married. Shall our coffers, then, Be emptied to redeem a traitor home? Shall we but treason? and indent with fears, When they have lost and forfeited themselves? No, on the barren mountains let him starve; For I shall never hold that man my friend Whose tongue shall ask me for one penny cost To ransom home revolted Mortimer. HOTSPUR Revolted Mortimer! He never did fall off, my sovereign liege, But by the chance of war; to prove that true Needs no more but one tongue for all those wounds, Those mouthed wounds, which valiantly he took When on the gentle Severn's sedgy bank, In single opposition, hand to hand, He did confound the best part of an hour In changing hardiment with great Glendower: Three times they breathed and three times did they drink, Upon agreement, of swift Severn's flood; Who then, affrighted with their bloody looks, Ran fearfully among the trembling reeds, And hid his crisp head in the hollow bank, Bloodstained with these valiant combatants. Never did base and rotten policy Colour her working with such deadly wounds; Nor could the noble Mortimer Receive so many, and all willingly: Then let not him be slander'd with revolt. KING HENRY IV Thou dost belie him, Percy, thou dost belie him; He never did encounter with Glendower: I tell thee, He durst as well have met the devil alone As Owen Glendower for an enemy. Art thou not ashamed? But, sirrah, henceforth Let me not hear you speak of Mortimer: Send me your prisoners with the speediest means, Or you shall hear in such a kind from me As will displease you. My Lord Northumberland, We licence your departure with your son. Send us your prisoners, or you will hear of it. Exeunt King Henry, Blunt, and train HOTSPUR An if the devil come and roar for them, I will not send them: I will after straight And tell him so; for I will ease my heart, Albeit I make a hazard of my head. NORTHUMBERLAND What, drunk with choler? stay and pause awhile: Here comes your uncle. Re-enter WORCESTER HOTSPUR Speak of Mortimer! 'Zounds, I will speak of him; and let my soul Want mercy, if I do not join with him: Yea, on his part I'll empty all these veins, And shed my dear blood drop by drop in the dust, But I will lift the down-trod Mortimer As high in the air as this unthankful king, As this ingrate and canker'd Bolingbroke. NORTHUMBERLAND Brother, the king hath made your nephew mad. EARL OF WORCESTER Who struck this heat up after I was gone? HOTSPUR He will, forsooth, have all my prisoners; And when I urged the ransom once again Of my wife's brother, then his cheek look'd pale, And on my face he turn'd an eye of death, Trembling even at the name of Mortimer. EARL OF WORCESTER I cannot blame him: was not he proclaim'd By Richard that dead is the next of blood? NORTHUMBERLAND He was; I heard the proclamation: And then it was when the unhappy king, --Whose wrongs in us God pardon!--did set forth Upon his Irish expedition; From whence he intercepted did return To be deposed and shortly murdered. EARL OF WORCESTER And for whose death we in the world's wide mouth Live scandalized and foully spoken of. HOTSPUR But soft, I pray you; did King Richard then Proclaim my brother Edmund Mortimer Heir to the crown? NORTHUMBERLAND He did; myself did hear it. HOTSPUR Nay, then I cannot blame his cousin king, That wished him on the barren mountains starve. But shall it be that you, that set the crown Upon the head of this forgetful man And for his sake wear the detested blot Of murderous subornation, shall it be, That you a world of curses undergo, Being the agents, or base second means, The cords, the ladder, or the hangman rather? O, pardon me that I descend so low, To show the line and the predicament Wherein you range under this subtle king; Shall it for shame be spoken in these days, Or fill up chronicles in time to come, That men of your nobility and power Did gage them both in an unjust behalf, As both of you--God pardon it!--have done, To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose, An plant this thorn, this canker, Bolingbroke? And shall it in more shame be further spoken, That you are fool'd, discarded and shook off By him for whom these shames ye underwent? No; yet time serves wherein you may redeem Your banish'd honours and restore yourselves Into the good thoughts of the world again, Revenge the jeering and disdain'd contempt Of this proud king, who studies day and night To answer all the debt he owes to you Even with the bloody payment of your deaths: Therefore, I say-- EARL OF WORCESTER Peace, cousin, say no more: And now I will unclasp a secret book, And to your quick-conceiving discontents I'll read you matter deep and dangerous, As full of peril and adventurous spirit As to o'er-walk a current roaring loud On the unsteadfast footing of a spear. HOTSPUR If he fall in, good night! or sink or swim: Send danger from the east unto the west, So honour cross it from the north to south, And let them grapple: O, the blood more stirs To rouse a lion than to start a hare! NORTHUMBERLAND Imagination of some great exploit Drives him beyond the bounds of patience. HOTSPUR By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap, To pluck bright honour from the pale-faced moon, Or dive into the bottom of the deep, Where fathom-line could never touch the ground, And pluck up drowned honour by the locks; So he that doth redeem her thence might wear Without corrival, all her dignities: But out upon this half-faced fellowship! EARL OF WORCESTER He apprehends a world of figures here, But not the form of what he should attend. Good cousin, give me audience for a while. HOTSPUR I cry you mercy. EARL OF WORCESTER Those same noble Scots That are your prisoners,-- HOTSPUR I'll keep them all; By God, he shall not have a Scot of them; No, if a Scot would save his soul, he shall not: I'll keep them, by this hand. EARL OF WORCESTER You start away And lend no ear unto my purposes. Those prisoners you shall keep. HOTSPUR Nay, I will; that's flat: He said he would not ransom Mortimer; Forbad my tongue to speak of Mortimer; But I will find him when he lies asleep, And in his ear I'll holla 'Mortimer!' Nay, I'll have a starling shall be taught to speak Nothing but 'Mortimer,' and give it him To keep his anger still in motion. EARL OF WORCESTER Hear you, cousin; a word. HOTSPUR All studies here I solemnly defy, Save how to gall and pinch this Bolingbroke: And that same sword-and-buckler Prince of Wales, But that I think his father loves him not And would be glad he met with some mischance, I would have him poison'd with a pot of ale. EARL OF WORCESTER Farewell, kinsman: I'll talk to you When you are better temper'd to attend. NORTHUMBERLAND Why, what a wasp-stung and impatient fool Art thou to break into this woman's mood, Tying thine ear to no tongue but thine own! HOTSPUR Why, look you, I am whipp'd and scourged with rods, Nettled and stung with pismires, when I hear Of this vile politician, Bolingbroke. In Richard's time,--what do you call the place?-- A plague upon it, it is in Gloucestershire; 'Twas where the madcap duke his uncle kept, His uncle York; where I first bow'd my knee Unto this king of smiles, this Bolingbroke,-- 'Sblood!-- When you and he came back from Ravenspurgh. NORTHUMBERLAND At Berkley castle. HOTSPUR You say true: Why, what a candy deal of courtesy This fawning greyhound then did proffer me! Look,'when his infant fortune came to age,' And 'gentle Harry Percy,' and 'kind cousin;' O, the devil take such cozeners! God forgive me! Good uncle, tell your tale; I have done. EARL OF WORCESTER Nay, if you have not, to it again; We will stay your leisure. HOTSPUR I have done, i' faith. EARL OF WORCESTER Then once more to your Scottish prisoners. Deliver them up without their ransom straight, And make the Douglas' son your only mean For powers in Scotland; which, for divers reasons Which I shall send you written, be assured, Will easily be granted. You, my lord, To Northumberland Your son in Scotland being thus employ'd, Shall secretly into the bosom creep Of that same noble prelate, well beloved, The archbishop. HOTSPUR Of York, is it not? EARL OF WORCESTER True; who bears hard His brother's death at Bristol, the Lord Scroop. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know Is ruminated, plotted and set down, And only stays but to behold the face Of that occasion that shall bring it on. HOTSPUR I smell it: upon my life, it will do well. NORTHUMBERLAND Before the game is afoot, thou still let'st slip. HOTSPUR Why, it cannot choose but be a noble plot; And then the power of Scotland and of York, To join with Mortimer, ha? EARL OF WORCESTER And so they shall. HOTSPUR In faith, it is exceedingly well aim'd. EARL OF WORCESTER And 'tis no little reason bids us speed, To save our heads by raising of a head; For, bear ourselves as even as we can, The king will always think him in our debt, And think we think ourselves unsatisfied, Till he hath found a time to pay us home: And see already how he doth begin To make us strangers to his looks of love. HOTSPUR He does, he does: we'll be revenged on him. EARL OF WORCESTER Cousin, farewell: no further go in this Than I by letters shall direct your course. When time is ripe, which will be suddenly, I'll steal to Glendower and Lord Mortimer; Where you and Douglas and our powers at once, As I will fashion it, shall happily meet, To bear our fortunes in our own strong arms, Which now we hold at much uncertainty. NORTHUMBERLAND Farewell, good brother: we shall thrive, I trust. HOTSPUR Uncle, Adieu: O, let the hours be short Till fields and blows and groans applaud our sport! Exeunt ACT II SCENE I. Rochester. An inn yard. Enter a Carrier with a lantern in his hand First Carrier Heigh-ho! an it be not four by the day, I'll be hanged: Charles' wain is over the new chimney, and yet our horse not packed. What, ostler! Ostler [Within] Anon, anon. First Carrier I prithee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point; poor jade, is wrung in the withers out of all cess. Enter another Carrier Second Carrier Peas and beans are as dank here as a dog, and that is the next way to give poor jades the bots: this house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. First Carrier Poor fellow, never joyed since the price of oats rose; it was the death of him. Second Carrier I think this be the most villanous house in all London road for fleas: I am stung like a tench. First Carrier Like a tench! by the mass, there is ne'er a king christen could be better bit than I have been since the first cock. Second Carrier Why, they will allow us ne'er a jordan, and then we leak in your chimney; and your chamber-lie breeds fleas like a loach. First Carrier What, ostler! come away and be hanged! Second Carrier I have a gammon of bacon and two razors of ginger, to be delivered as far as Charing-cross. First Carrier God's body! the turkeys in my pannier are quite starved. What, ostler! A plague on thee! hast thou never an eye in thy head? canst not hear? An 'twere not as good deed as drink, to break the pate on thee, I am a very villain. Come, and be hanged! hast thou no faith in thee? Enter GADSHILL GADSHILL Good morrow, carriers. What's o'clock? First Carrier I think it be two o'clock. GADSHILL I pray thee lend me thy lantern, to see my gelding in the stable. First Carrier Nay, by God, soft; I know a trick worth two of that, i' faith. GADSHILL I pray thee, lend me thine. Second Carrier Ay, when? can'st tell? Lend me thy lantern, quoth he? marry, I'll see thee hanged first. GADSHILL Sirrah carrier, what time do you mean to come to London? Second Carrier Time enough to go to bed with a candle, I warrant thee. Come, neighbour Mugs, we'll call up the gentleman: they will along with company, for they have great charge. Exeunt carriers GADSHILL What, ho! chamberlain! Chamberlain [Within] At hand, quoth pick-purse. GADSHILL That's even as fair as--at hand, quoth the chamberlain; for thou variest no more from picking of purses than giving direction doth from labouring; thou layest the plot how. Enter Chamberlain Chamberlain Good morrow, Master Gadshill. It holds current that I told you yesternight: there's a franklin in the wild of Kent hath brought three hundred marks with him in gold: I heard him tell it to one of his company last night at supper; a kind of auditor; one that hath abundance of charge too, God knows what. They are up already, and call for eggs and butter; they will away presently. GADSHILL Sirrah, if they meet not with Saint Nicholas' clerks, I'll give thee this neck. Chamberlain No, I'll none of it: I pray thee keep that for the hangman; for I know thou worshippest St. Nicholas as truly as a man of falsehood may. GADSHILL What talkest thou to me of the hangman? if I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows; for if I hang, old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no starveling. Tut! there are other Trojans that thou dreamest not of, the which for sport sake are content to do the profession some grace; that would, if matters should be looked into, for their own credit sake, make all whole. I am joined with no foot-land rakers, no long-staff sixpenny strikers, none of these mad mustachio purple-hued malt-worms; but with nobility and tranquillity, burgomasters and great oneyers, such as can hold in, such as will strike sooner than speak, and speak sooner than drink, and drink sooner than pray: and yet, zounds, I lie; for they pray continually to their saint, the commonwealth; or rather, not pray to her, but prey on her, for they ride up and down on her and make her their boots. Chamberlain What, the commonwealth their boots? will she hold out water in foul way? GADSHILL She will, she will; justice hath liquored her. We steal as in a castle, cocksure; we have the receipt of fern-seed, we walk invisible. Chamberlain Nay, by my faith, I think you are more beholding to the night than to fern-seed for your walking invisible. GADSHILL Give me thy hand: thou shalt have a share in our purchase, as I am a true man. Chamberlain Nay, rather let me have it, as you are a false thief. GADSHILL Go to; 'homo' is a common name to all men. Bid the ostler bring my gelding out of the stable. Farewell, you muddy knave. Exeunt SCENE II. The highway, near Gadshill. Enter PRINCE HENRY and POINS POINS Come, shelter, shelter: I have removed Falstaff's horse, and he frets like a gummed velvet. PRINCE HENRY Stand close. Enter FALSTAFF FALSTAFF Poins! Poins, and be hanged! Poins! PRINCE HENRY Peace, ye fat-kidneyed rascal! what a brawling dost thou keep! FALSTAFF Where's Poins, Hal? PRINCE HENRY He is walked up to the top of the hill: I'll go seek him. FALSTAFF I am accursed to rob in that thief's company: the rascal hath removed my horse, and tied him I know not where. If I travel but four foot by the squier further afoot, I shall break my wind. Well, I doubt not but to die a fair death for all this, if I 'scape hanging for killing that rogue. I have forsworn his company hourly any time this two and twenty years, and yet I am bewitched with the rogue's company. If the rascal hath not given me medicines to make me love him, I'll be hanged; it could not be else: I have drunk medicines. Poins! Hal! a plague upon you both! Bardolph! Peto! I'll starve ere I'll rob a foot further. An 'twere not as good a deed as drink, to turn true man and to leave these rogues, I am the veriest varlet that ever chewed with a tooth. Eight yards of uneven ground is threescore and ten miles afoot with me; and the stony-hearted villains know it well enough: a plague upon it when thieves cannot be true one to another! They whistle Whew! A plague upon you all! Give me my horse, you rogues; give me my horse, and be hanged! PRINCE HENRY Peace, ye fat-guts! lie down; lay thine ear close to the ground and list if thou canst hear the tread of travellers. FALSTAFF Have you any levers to lift me up again, being down? 'Sblood, I'll not bear mine own flesh so far afoot again for all the coin in thy father's exchequer. What a plague mean ye to colt me thus? PRINCE HENRY Thou liest; thou art not colted, thou art uncolted. FALSTAFF I prithee, good Prince Hal, help me to my horse, good king's son. PRINCE HENRY Out, ye rogue! shall I be your ostler? FALSTAFF Go, hang thyself in thine own heir-apparent garters! If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. An I have not ballads made on you all and sung to filthy tunes, let a cup of sack be my poison: when a jest is so forward, and afoot too! I hate it. Enter GADSHILL, BARDOLPH and PETO GADSHILL Stand. FALSTAFF So I do, against my will. POINS O, 'tis our setter: I know his voice. Bardolph, what news? BARDOLPH Case ye, case ye; on with your vizards: there 's money of the king's coming down the hill; 'tis going to the king's exchequer. FALSTAFF You lie, ye rogue; 'tis going to the king's tavern. GADSHILL There's enough to make us all. FALSTAFF To be hanged. PRINCE HENRY Sirs, you four shall front them in the narrow lane; Ned Poins and I will walk lower: if they 'scape from your encounter, then they light on us. PETO How many be there of them? GADSHILL Some eight or ten. FALSTAFF 'Zounds, will they not rob us? PRINCE HENRY What, a coward, Sir John Paunch? FALSTAFF Indeed, I am not John of Gaunt, your grandfather; but yet no coward, Hal. PRINCE HENRY Well, we leave that to the proof. POINS Sirrah Jack, thy horse stands behind the hedge: when thou needest him, there thou shalt find him. Farewell, and stand fast. FALSTAFF Now cannot I strike him, if I should be hanged. PRINCE HENRY Ned, where are our disguises? POINS Here, hard by: stand close. Exeunt PRINCE HENRY and POINS FALSTAFF Now, my masters, happy man be his dole, say I: every man to his business. Enter the Travellers First Traveller Come, neighbour: the boy shall lead our horses down the hill; we'll walk afoot awhile, and ease our legs. Thieves Stand! Travellers Jesus bless us! FALSTAFF Strike; down with them; cut the villains' throats: ah! whoreson caterpillars! bacon-fed knaves! they hate us youth: down with them: fleece them. Travellers O, we are undone, both we and ours for ever! FALSTAFF Hang ye, gorbellied knaves, are ye undone? No, ye fat chuffs: I would your store were here! On, bacons, on! What, ye knaves! young men must live. You are Grand-jurors, are ye? we'll jure ye, 'faith. Here they rob them and bind them. Exeunt Re-enter PRINCE HENRY and POINS PRINCE HENRY The thieves have bound the true men. Now could thou and I rob the thieves and go merrily to London, it would be argument for a week, laughter for a month and a good jest for ever. POINS Stand close; I hear them coming. Enter the Thieves again FALSTAFF Come, my masters, let us share, and then to horse before day. An the Prince and Poins be not two arrant cowards, there's no equity stirring: there's no more valour in that Poins than in a wild-duck. PRINCE HENRY Your money! POINS Villains! As they are sharing, the Prince and Poins set upon them; they all run away; and Falstaff, after a blow or two, runs away too, leaving the booty behind them PRINCE HENRY Got with much ease. Now merrily to horse: The thieves are all scatter'd and possess'd with fear So strongly that they dare not meet each other; Each takes his fellow for an officer. Away, good Ned. Falstaff sweats to death, And lards the lean earth as he walks along: Were 't not for laughing, I should pity him. POINS How the rogue roar'd! Exeunt SCENE III. Warkworth castle Enter HOTSPUR, solus, reading a letter HOTSPUR 'But for mine own part, my lord, I could be well contented to be there, in respect of the love I bear your house.' He could be contented: why is he not, then? In respect of the love he bears our house: he shows in this, he loves his own barn better than he loves our house. Let me see some more. 'The purpose you undertake is dangerous;'--why, that's certain: 'tis dangerous to take a cold, to sleep, to drink; but I tell you, my lord fool, out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety. 'The purpose you undertake is dangerous; the friends you have named uncertain; the time itself unsorted; and your whole plot too light for the counterpoise of so great an opposition.' Say you so, say you so? I say unto you again, you are a shallow cowardly hind, and you lie. What a lack-brain is this! By the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever was laid; our friends true and constant: a good plot, good friends, and full of expectation; an excellent plot, very good friends. What a frosty-spirited rogue is this! Why, my lord of York commends the plot and the general course of action. 'Zounds, an I were now by this rascal, I could brain him with his lady's fan. Is there not my father, my uncle and myself? lord Edmund Mortimer, My lord of York and Owen Glendower? is there not besides the Douglas? have I not all their letters to meet me in arms by the ninth of the next month? and are they not some of them set forward already? What a pagan rascal is this! an infidel! Ha! you shall see now in very sincerity of fear and cold heart, will he to the king and lay open all our proceedings. O, I could divide myself and go to buffets, for moving such a dish of skim milk with so honourable an action! Hang him! let him tell the king: we are prepared. I will set forward to-night. Enter LADY PERCY How now, Kate! I must leave you within these two hours. LADY PERCY O, my good lord, why are you thus alone? For what offence have I this fortnight been A banish'd woman from my Harry's bed? Tell me, sweet lord, what is't that takes from thee Thy stomach, pleasure and thy golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, And start so often when thou sit'st alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks; And given my treasures and my rights of thee To thick-eyed musing and cursed melancholy? In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watch'd, And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars; Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed; Cry 'Courage! to the field!' And thou hast talk'd Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets, Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, Of prisoners' ransom and of soldiers slain, And all the currents of a heady fight. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war And thus hath so bestirr'd thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow Like bubbles in a late-disturbed stream; And in thy face strange motions have appear'd, Such as we see when men restrain their breath On some great sudden hest. O, what portents are these? Some heavy business hath my lord in hand, And I must know it, else he loves me not. HOTSPUR What, ho! Enter Servant Is Gilliams with the packet gone? Servant He is, my lord, an hour ago. HOTSPUR Hath Butler brought those horses from the sheriff? Servant One horse, my lord, he brought even now. HOTSPUR What horse? a roan, a crop-ear, is it not? Servant It is, my lord. HOTSPUR That roan shall by my throne. Well, I will back him straight: O esperance! Bid Butler lead him forth into the park. Exit Servant LADY PERCY But hear you, my lord. HOTSPUR What say'st thou, my lady? LADY PERCY What is it carries you away? HOTSPUR Why, my horse, my love, my horse. LADY PERCY Out, you mad-headed ape! A weasel hath not such a deal of spleen As you are toss'd with. In faith, I'll know your business, Harry, that I will. I fear my brother Mortimer doth stir About his title, and hath sent for you To line his enterprise: but if you go,-- HOTSPUR So far afoot, I shall be weary, love. LADY PERCY Come, come, you paraquito, answer me Directly unto this question that I ask: In faith, I'll break thy little finger, Harry, An if thou wilt not tell me all things true. HOTSPUR Away, Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: We must have bloody noses and crack'd crowns, And pass them current too. God's me, my horse! What say'st thou, Kate? what would'st thou have with me? LADY PERCY Do you not love me? do you not, indeed? Well, do not then; for since you love me not, I will not love myself. Do you not love me? Nay, tell me if you speak in jest or no. HOTSPUR Come, wilt thou see me ride? And when I am on horseback, I will swear I love thee infinitely. But hark you, Kate; I must not have you henceforth question me Whither I go, nor reason whereabout: Whither I must, I must; and, to conclude, This evening must I leave you, gentle Kate. I know you wise, but yet no farther wise Than Harry Percy's wife: constant you are, But yet a woman: and for secrecy, No lady closer; for I well believe Thou wilt not utter what thou dost not know; And so far will I trust thee, gentle Kate. LADY PERCY How! so far? HOTSPUR Not an inch further. But hark you, Kate: Whither I go, thither shall you go too; To-day will I set forth, to-morrow you. Will this content you, Kate? LADY PERCY It must of force. Exeunt SCENE IV. The Boar's-Head Tavern, Eastcheap. Enter PRINCE HENRY and POINS PRINCE HENRY Ned, prithee, come out of that fat room, and lend me thy hand to laugh a little. POINS Where hast been, Hal? PRINCE HENRY With three or four loggerheads amongst three or four score hogsheads. I have sounded the very base-string of humility. Sirrah, I am sworn brother to a leash of drawers; and can call them all by their christen names, as Tom, Dick, and Francis. They take it already upon their salvation, that though I be but the prince of Wales, yet I am king of courtesy; and tell me flatly I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle, a good boy, by the Lord, so they call me, and when I am king of England, I shall command all the good lads in Eastcheap. They call drinking deep, dyeing scarlet; and when you breathe in your watering, they cry 'hem!' and bid you play it off. To conclude, I am so good a proficient in one quarter of an hour, that I can drink with any tinker in his own language during my life. I tell thee, Ned, thou hast lost much honour, that thou wert not with me in this sweet action. But, sweet Ned,--to sweeten which name of Ned, I give thee this pennyworth of sugar, clapped even now into my hand by an under-skinker, one that never spake other English in his life than 'Eight shillings and sixpence' and 'You are welcome,' with this shrill addition, 'Anon, anon, sir! Score a pint of bastard in the Half-Moon,' or so. But, Ned, to drive away the time till Falstaff come, I prithee, do thou stand in some by-room, while I question my puny drawer to what end he gave me the sugar; and do thou never leave calling 'Francis,' that his tale to me may be nothing but 'Anon.' Step aside, and I'll show thee a precedent. POINS Francis! PRINCE HENRY Thou art perfect. POINS Francis! Exit POINS Enter FRANCIS FRANCIS Anon, anon, sir. Look down into the Pomgarnet, Ralph. PRINCE HENRY Come hither, Francis. FRANCIS My lord? PRINCE HENRY How long hast thou to serve, Francis? FRANCIS Forsooth, five years, and as much as to-- POINS [Within] Francis! FRANCIS Anon, anon, sir. PRINCE HENRY Five year! by'r lady, a long lease for the clinking of pewter. But, Francis, darest thou be so valiant as to play the coward with thy indenture and show it a fair pair of heels and run from it? FRANCIS O Lord, sir, I'll be sworn upon all the books in England, I could find in my heart. POINS [Within] Francis! FRANCIS Anon, sir. PRINCE HENRY How old art thou, Francis? FRANCIS Let me see--about Michaelmas next I shall be-- POINS [Within] Francis! FRANCIS Anon, sir. Pray stay a little, my lord. PRINCE HENRY Nay, but hark you, Francis: for the sugar thou gavest me,'twas a pennyworth, wast't not? FRANCIS O Lord, I would it had been two! PRINCE HENRY I will give thee for it a thousand pound: ask me when thou wilt, and thou shalt have it. POINS [Within] Francis! FRANCIS Anon, anon. PRINCE HENRY Anon, Francis? No, Francis; but to-morrow, Francis; or, Francis, o' Thursday; or indeed, Francis, when thou wilt. But, Francis! FRANCIS My lord? PRINCE HENRY Wilt thou rob this leathern jerkin, crystal-button, not-pated, agate-ring, puke-stocking, caddis-garter, smooth-tongue, Spanish-pouch,-- FRANCIS O Lord, sir, who do you mean? PRINCE HENRY Why, then, your brown bastard is your only drink; for look you, Francis, your white canvas doublet will sully: in Barbary, sir, it cannot come to so much. FRANCIS What, sir? POINS [Within] Francis! PRINCE HENRY Away, you rogue! dost thou not hear them call? Here they both call him; the drawer stands amazed, not knowing which way to go Enter Vintner Vintner What, standest thou still, and hearest such a calling? Look to the guests within. Exit Francis My lord, old Sir John, with half-a-dozen more, are at the door: shall I let them in? PRINCE HENRY Let them alone awhile, and then open the door. Exit Vintner Poins! Re-enter POINS POINS Anon, anon, sir. PRINCE HENRY Sirrah, Falstaff and the rest of the thieves are at the door: shall we be merry? POINS As merry as crickets, my lad. But hark ye; what cunning match have you made with this jest of the drawer? come, what's the issue? PRINCE HENRY I am now of all humours that have showed themselves humours since the old days of goodman Adam to the pupil age of this present twelve o'clock at midnight. Re-enter FRANCIS What's o'clock, Francis? FRANCIS Anon, anon, sir. Exit PRINCE HENRY That ever this fellow should have fewer words than a parrot, and yet the son of a woman! His industry is upstairs and downstairs; his eloquence the parcel of a reckoning. I am not yet of Percy's mind, the Hotspur of the north; he that kills me some six or seven dozen of Scots at a breakfast, washes his hands, and says to his wife 'Fie upon this quiet life! I want work.' 'O my sweet Harry,' says she, 'how many hast thou killed to-day?' 'Give my roan horse a drench,' says he; and answers 'Some fourteen,' an hour after; 'a trifle, a trifle.' I prithee, call in Falstaff: I'll play Percy, and that damned brawn shall play Dame Mortimer his wife. 'Rivo!' says the drunkard. Call in ribs, call in tallow. Enter FALSTAFF, GADSHILL, BARDOLPH, and PETO; FRANCIS following with wine POINS Welcome, Jack: where hast thou been? FALSTAFF A plague of all cowards, I say, and a vengeance too! marry, and amen! Give me a cup of sack, boy. Ere I lead this life long, I'll sew nether stocks and mend them and foot them too. A plague of all cowards! Give me a cup of sack, rogue. Is there no virtue extant? He drinks PRINCE HENRY Didst thou never see Titan kiss a dish of butter? pitiful-hearted Titan, that melted at the sweet tale of the sun's! if thou didst, then behold that compound. FALSTAFF You rogue, here's lime in this sack too: there is nothing but roguery to be found in villanous man: yet a coward is worse than a cup of sack with lime in it. A villanous coward! Go thy ways, old Jack; die when thou wilt, if manhood, good manhood, be not forgot upon the face of the earth, then am I a shotten herring. There live not three good men unhanged in England; and one of them is fat and grows old: God help the while! a bad world, I say. I would I were a weaver; I could sing psalms or any thing. A plague of all cowards, I say still. PRINCE HENRY How now, wool-sack! what mutter you? FALSTAFF A king's son! If I do not beat thee out of thy kingdom with a dagger of lath, and drive all thy subjects afore thee like a flock of wild-geese, I'll never wear hair on my face more. You Prince of Wales! PRINCE HENRY Why, you whoreson round man, what's the matter? FALSTAFF Are not you a coward? answer me to that: and Poins there? POINS 'Zounds, ye fat paunch, an ye call me coward, by the Lord, I'll stab thee. FALSTAFF I call thee coward! I'll see thee damned ere I call thee coward: but I would give a thousand pound I could run as fast as thou canst. You are straight enough in the shoulders, you care not who sees your back: call you that backing of your friends? A plague upon such backing! give me them that will face me. Give me a cup of sack: I am a rogue, if I drunk to-day. PRINCE HENRY O villain! thy lips are scarce wiped since thou drunkest last. FALSTAFF All's one for that. He drinks A plague of all cowards, still say I. PRINCE HENRY What's the matter? FALSTAFF What's the matter! there be four of us here have ta'en a thousand pound this day morning. PRINCE HENRY Where is it, Jack? where is it? FALSTAFF Where is it! taken from us it is: a hundred upon poor four of us. PRINCE HENRY What, a hundred, man? FALSTAFF I am a rogue, if I were not at half-sword with a dozen of them two hours together. I have 'scaped by miracle. I am eight times thrust through the doublet, four through the hose; my buckler cut through and through; my sword hacked like a hand-saw--ecce signum! I never dealt better since I was a man: all would not do. A plague of all cowards! Let them speak: if they speak more or less than truth, they are villains and the sons of darkness. PRINCE HENRY Speak, sirs; how was it? GADSHILL We four set upon some dozen-- FALSTAFF Sixteen at least, my lord. GADSHILL And bound them. PETO No, no, they were not bound. FALSTAFF You rogue, they were bound, every man of them; or I am a Jew else, an Ebrew Jew. GADSHILL As we were sharing, some six or seven fresh men set upon us-- FALSTAFF And unbound the rest, and then come in the other. PRINCE HENRY What, fought you with them all? FALSTAFF All! I know not what you call all; but if I fought not with fifty of them, I am a bunch of radish: if there were not two or three and fifty upon poor old Jack, then am I no two-legged creature. PRINCE HENRY Pray God you have not murdered some of them. FALSTAFF Nay, that's past praying for: I have peppered two of them; two I am sure I have paid, two rogues in buckram suits. I tell thee what, Hal, if I tell thee a lie, spit in my face, call me horse. Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay and thus I bore my point. Four rogues in buckram let drive at me-- PRINCE HENRY What, four? thou saidst but two even now. FALSTAFF Four, Hal; I told thee four. POINS Ay, ay, he said four. FALSTAFF These four came all a-front, and mainly thrust at me. I made me no more ado but took all their seven points in my target, thus. PRINCE HENRY Seven? why, there were but four even now. FALSTAFF In buckram? POINS Ay, four, in buckram suits. FALSTAFF Seven, by these hilts, or I am a villain else. PRINCE HENRY Prithee, let him alone; we shall have more anon. FALSTAFF Dost thou hear me, Hal? PRINCE HENRY Ay, and mark thee too, Jack. FALSTAFF Do so, for it is worth the listening to. These nine in buckram that I told thee of-- PRINCE HENRY So, two more already. FALSTAFF Their points being broken,-- POINS Down fell their hose. FALSTAFF Began to give me ground: but I followed me close, came in foot and hand; and with a thought seven of the eleven I paid. PRINCE HENRY O monstrous! eleven buckram men grown out of two! FALSTAFF But, as the devil would have it, three misbegotten knaves in Kendal green came at my back and let drive at me; for it was so dark, Hal, that thou couldst not see thy hand. PRINCE HENRY These lies are like their father that begets them; gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Why, thou clay-brained guts, thou knotty-pated fool, thou whoreson, obscene, grease tallow-catch,-- FALSTAFF What, art thou mad? art thou mad? is not the truth the truth? PRINCE HENRY Why, how couldst thou know these men in Kendal green, when it was so dark thou couldst not see thy hand? come, tell us your reason: what sayest thou to this? POINS Come, your reason, Jack, your reason. FALSTAFF What, upon compulsion? 'Zounds, an I were at the strappado, or all the racks in the world, I would not tell you on compulsion. Give you a reason on compulsion! If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon compulsion, I. PRINCE HENRY I'll be no longer guilty of this sin; this sanguine coward, this bed-presser, this horseback-breaker, this huge hill of flesh,-- FALSTAFF 'Sblood, you starveling, you elf-skin, you dried neat's tongue, you bull's pizzle, you stock-fish! O for breath to utter what is like thee! you tailor's-yard, you sheath, you bowcase; you vile standing-tuck,-- PRINCE HENRY Well, breathe awhile, and then to it again: and when thou hast tired thyself in base comparisons, hear me speak but this. POINS Mark, Jack. PRINCE HENRY We two saw you four set on four and bound them, and were masters of their wealth. Mark now, how a plain tale shall put you down. Then did we two set on you four; and, with a word, out-faced you from your prize, and have it; yea, and can show it you here in the house: and, Falstaff, you carried your guts away as nimbly, with as quick dexterity, and roared for mercy and still run and roared, as ever I heard bull-calf. What a slave art thou, to hack thy sword as thou hast done, and then say it was in fight! What trick, what device, what starting-hole, canst thou now find out to hide thee from this open and apparent shame? POINS Come, let's hear, Jack; what trick hast thou now? FALSTAFF By the Lord, I knew ye as well as he that made ye. Why, hear you, my masters: was it for me to kill the heir-apparent? should I turn upon the true prince? why, thou knowest I am as valiant as Hercules: but beware instinct; the lion will not touch the true prince. Instinct is a great matter; I was now a coward on instinct. I shall think the better of myself and thee during my life; I for a valiant lion, and thou for a true prince. But, by the Lord, lads, I am glad you have the money. Hostess, clap to the doors: watch to-night, pray to-morrow. Gallants, lads, boys, hearts of gold, all the titles of good fellowship come to you! What, shall we be merry? shall we have a play extempore? PRINCE HENRY Content; and the argument shall be thy running away. FALSTAFF Ah, no more of that, Hal, an thou lovest me! Enter Hostess Hostess O Jesu, my lord the prince! PRINCE HENRY How now, my lady the hostess! what sayest thou to me? Hostess Marry, my lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door would speak with you: he says he comes from your father. PRINCE HENRY Give him as much as will make him a royal man, and send him back again to my mother. FALSTAFF What manner of man is he? Hostess An old man. FALSTAFF What doth gravity out of his bed at midnight? Shall I give him his answer? PRINCE HENRY Prithee, do, Jack. FALSTAFF 'Faith, and I'll send him packing. Exit FALSTAFF PRINCE HENRY Now, sirs: by'r lady, you fought fair; so did you, Peto; so did you, Bardolph: you are lions too, you ran away upon instinct, you will not touch the true prince; no, fie! BARDOLPH 'Faith, I ran when I saw others run. PRINCE HENRY 'Faith, tell me now in earnest, how came Falstaff's sword so hacked? PETO Why, he hacked it with his dagger, and said he would swear truth out of England but he would make you believe it was done in fight, and persuaded us to do the like. BARDOLPH Yea, and to tickle our noses with spear-grass to make them bleed, and then to beslubber our garments with it and swear it was the blood of true men. I did that I did not this seven year before, I blushed to hear his monstrous devices. PRINCE HENRY O villain, thou stolest a cup of sack eighteen years ago, and wert taken with the manner, and ever since thou hast blushed extempore. Thou hadst fire and sword on thy side, and yet thou rannest away: what instinct hadst thou for it? BARDOLPH My lord, do you see these meteors? do you behold these exhalations? PRINCE HENRY I do. BARDOLPH What think you they portend? PRINCE HENRY Hot livers and cold purses. BARDOLPH Choler, my lord, if rightly taken. PRINCE HENRY No, if rightly taken, halter. Re-enter FALSTAFF Here comes lean Jack, here comes bare-bone. How now, my sweet creature of bombast! How long is't ago, Jack, since thou sawest thine own knee? FALSTAFF My own knee! when I was about thy years, Hal, I was not an eagle's talon in the waist; I could have crept into any alderman's thumb-ring: a plague of sighing and grief! it blows a man up like a bladder. There's villanous news abroad: here was Sir John Bracy from your father; you must to the court in the morning. That same mad fellow of the north, Percy, and he of Wales, that gave Amamon the bastinado and made Lucifer cuckold and swore the devil his true liegeman upon the cross of a Welsh hook--what a plague call you him? POINS O, Glendower. FALSTAFF Owen, Owen, the same; and his son-in-law Mortimer, and old Northumberland, and that sprightly Scot of Scots, Douglas, that runs o' horseback up a hill perpendicular,-- PRINCE HENRY He that rides at high speed and with his pistol kills a sparrow flying. FALSTAFF You have hit it. PRINCE HENRY So did he never the sparrow. FALSTAFF Well, that rascal hath good mettle in him; he will not run. PRINCE HENRY Why, what a rascal art thou then, to praise him so for running! FALSTAFF O' horseback, ye cuckoo; but afoot he will not budge a foot. PRINCE HENRY Yes, Jack, upon instinct. FALSTAFF I grant ye, upon instinct. Well, he is there too, and one Mordake, and a thousand blue-caps more: Worcester is stolen away to-night; thy father's beard is turned white with the news: you may buy land now as cheap as stinking mackerel. PRINCE HENRY Why, then, it is like, if there come a hot June and this civil buffeting hold, we shall buy maidenheads as they buy hob-nails, by the hundreds. FALSTAFF By the mass, lad, thou sayest true; it is like we shall have good trading that way. But tell me, Hal, art not thou horrible afeard? thou being heir-apparent, could the world pick thee out three such enemies again as that fiend Douglas, that spirit Percy, and that devil Glendower? Art thou not horribly afraid? doth not thy blood thrill at it? PRINCE HENRY Not a whit, i' faith; I lack some of thy instinct. FALSTAFF Well, thou wert be horribly chid tomorrow when thou comest to thy father: if thou love me, practise an answer. PRINCE HENRY Do thou stand for my father, and examine me upon the particulars of my life. FALSTAFF Shall I? content: this chair shall be my state, this dagger my sceptre, and this cushion my crown. PRINCE HENRY Thy state is taken for a joined-stool, thy golden sceptre for a leaden dagger, and thy precious rich crown for a pitiful bald crown! FALSTAFF Well, an the fire of grace be not quite out of thee, now shalt thou be moved. Give me a cup of sack to make my eyes look red, that it may be thought I have wept; for I must speak in passion, and I will do it in King Cambyses' vein. PRINCE HENRY Well, here is my leg. FALSTAFF And here is my speech. Stand aside, nobility. Hostess O Jesu, this is excellent sport, i' faith! FALSTAFF Weep not, sweet queen; for trickling tears are vain. Hostess O, the father, how he holds his countenance! FALSTAFF For God's sake, lords, convey my tristful queen; For tears do stop the flood-gates of her eyes. Hostess O Jesu, he doth it as like one of these harlotry players as ever I see! FALSTAFF Peace, good pint-pot; peace, good tickle-brain. Harry, I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy time, but also how thou art accompanied: for though the camomile, the more it is trodden on the faster it grows, yet youth, the more it is wasted the sooner it wears. That thou art my son, I have partly thy mother's word, partly my own opinion, but chiefly a villanous trick of thine eye and a foolish-hanging of thy nether lip, that doth warrant me. If then thou be son to me, here lies the point; why, being son to me, art thou so pointed at? Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a micher and eat blackberries? a question not to be asked. Shall the sun of England prove a thief and take purses? a question to be asked. There is a thing, Harry, which thou hast often heard of and it is known to many in our land by the name of pitch: this pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile; so doth the company thou keepest: for, Harry, now I do not speak to thee in drink but in tears, not in pleasure but in passion, not in words only, but in woes also: and yet there is a virtuous man whom I have often noted in thy company, but I know not his name. PRINCE HENRY What manner of man, an it like your majesty? FALSTAFF A goodly portly man, i' faith, and a corpulent; of a cheerful look, a pleasing eye and a most noble carriage; and, as I think, his age some fifty, or, by'r lady, inclining to three score; and now I remember me, his name is Falstaff: if that man should be lewdly given, he deceiveth me; for, Harry, I see virtue in his looks. If then the tree may be known by the fruit, as the fruit by the tree, then, peremptorily I speak it, there is virtue in that Falstaff: him keep with, the rest banish. And tell me now, thou naughty varlet, tell me, where hast thou been this month? PRINCE HENRY Dost thou speak like a king? Do thou stand for me, and I'll play my father. FALSTAFF Depose me? if thou dost it half so gravely, so majestically, both in word and matter, hang me up by the heels for a rabbit-sucker or a poulter's hare. PRINCE HENRY Well, here I am set. FALSTAFF And here I stand: judge, my masters. PRINCE HENRY Now, Harry, whence come you? FALSTAFF My noble lord, from Eastcheap. PRINCE HENRY The complaints I hear of thee are grievous. FALSTAFF 'Sblood, my lord, they are false: nay, I'll tickle ye for a young prince, i' faith. PRINCE HENRY Swearest thou, ungracious boy? henceforth ne'er look on me. Thou art violently carried away from grace: there is a devil haunts thee in the likeness of an old fat man; a tun of man is thy companion. Why dost thou converse with that trunk of humours, that bolting-hutch of beastliness, that swollen parcel of dropsies, that huge bombard of sack, that stuffed cloak-bag of guts, that roasted Manningtree ox with the pudding in his belly, that reverend vice, that grey iniquity, that father ruffian, that vanity in years? Wherein is he good, but to taste sack and drink it? wherein neat and cleanly, but to carve a capon and eat it? wherein cunning, but in craft? wherein crafty, but in villany? wherein villanous, but in all things? wherein worthy, but in nothing? FALSTAFF I would your grace would take me with you: whom means your grace? PRINCE HENRY That villanous abominable misleader of youth, Falstaff, that old white-bearded Satan. FALSTAFF My lord, the man I know. PRINCE HENRY I know thou dost. FALSTAFF But to say I know more harm in him than in myself, were to say more than I know. That he is old, the more the pity, his white hairs do witness it; but that he is, saving your reverence, a whoremaster, that I utterly deny. If sack and sugar be a fault, God help the wicked! if to be old and merry be a sin, then many an old host that I know is damned: if to be fat be to be hated, then Pharaoh's lean kine are to be loved. No, my good lord; banish Peto, banish Bardolph, banish Poins: but for sweet Jack Falstaff, kind Jack Falstaff, true Jack Falstaff, valiant Jack Falstaff, and therefore more valiant, being, as he is, old Jack Falstaff, banish not him thy Harry's company, banish not him thy Harry's company: banish plump Jack, and banish all the world. PRINCE HENRY I do, I will. A knocking heard Exeunt Hostess, FRANCIS, and BARDOLPH Re-enter BARDOLPH, running BARDOLPH O, my lord, my lord! the sheriff with a most monstrous watch is at the door. FALSTAFF Out, ye rogue! Play out the play: I have much to say in the behalf of that Falstaff. Re-enter the Hostess Hostess O Jesu, my lord, my lord! PRINCE HENRY Heigh, heigh! the devil rides upon a fiddlestick: what's the matter? Hostess The sheriff and all the watch are at the door: they are come to search the house. Shall I let them in? FALSTAFF Dost thou hear, Hal? never call a true piece of gold a counterfeit: thou art essentially mad, without seeming so. PRINCE HENRY And thou a natural coward, without instinct. FALSTAFF I deny your major: if you will deny the sheriff, so; if not, let him enter: if I become not a cart as well as another man, a plague on my bringing up! I hope I shall as soon be strangled with a halter as another. PRINCE HENRY Go, hide thee behind the arras: the rest walk up above. Now, my masters, for a true face and good conscience. FALSTAFF Both which I have had: but their date is out, and therefore I'll hide me. PRINCE HENRY Call in the sheriff. Exeunt all except PRINCE HENRY and PETO Enter Sheriff and the Carrier Now, master sheriff, what is your will with me? Sheriff First, pardon me, my lord. A hue and cry Hath follow'd certain men unto this house. PRINCE HENRY What men? Sheriff One of them is well known, my gracious lord, A gross fat man. Carrier As fat as butter. PRINCE HENRY The man, I do assure you, is not here; For I myself at this time have employ'd him. And, sheriff, I will engage my word to thee That I will, by to-morrow dinner-time, Send him to answer thee, or any man, For any thing he shall be charged withal: And so let me entreat you leave the house. Sheriff I will, my lord. There are two gentlemen Have in this robbery lost three hundred marks. PRINCE HENRY It may be so: if he have robb'd these men, He shall be answerable; and so farewell. Sheriff Good night, my noble lord. PRINCE HENRY I think it is good morrow, is it not? Sheriff Indeed, my lord, I think it be two o'clock. Exeunt Sheriff and Carrier PRINCE HENRY This oily rascal is known as well as Paul's. Go, call him forth. PETO Falstaff!--Fast asleep behind the arras, and snorting like a horse. PRINCE HENRY Hark, how hard he fetches breath. Search his pockets. He searcheth his pockets, and findeth certain papers What hast thou found? PETO Nothing but papers, my lord. PRINCE HENRY Let's see what they be: read them. PETO [Reads] Item, A capon,. . 2s. 2d. Item, Sauce,. . . 4d. Item, Sack, two gallons, 5s. 8d. Item, Anchovies and sack after supper, 2s. 6d. Item, Bread, ob. PRINCE HENRY O monstrous! but one half-penny-worth of bread to this intolerable deal of sack! What there is else, keep close; we'll read it at more advantage: there let him sleep till day. I'll to the court in the morning. We must all to the wars, and thy place shall be honourable. I'll procure this fat rogue a charge of foot; and I know his death will be a march of twelve-score. The money shall be paid back again with advantage. Be with me betimes in the morning; and so, good morrow, Peto. Exeunt PETO Good morrow, good my lord. ACT III SCENE I. Bangor. The Archdeacon's house. Enter HOTSPUR, WORCESTER, MORTIMER, and GLENDOWER MORTIMER These promises are fair, the parties sure, And our induction full of prosperous hope. HOTSPUR Lord Mortimer, and cousin Glendower, Will you sit down? And uncle Worcester: a plague upon it! I have forgot the map. GLENDOWER No, here it is. Sit, cousin Percy; sit, good cousin Hotspur, For by that name as oft as Lancaster Doth speak of you, his cheek looks pale and with A rising sigh he wisheth you in heaven. HOTSPUR And you in hell, as oft as he hears Owen Glendower spoke of. GLENDOWER I cannot blame him: at my nativity The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes, Of burning cressets; and at my birth The frame and huge foundation of the earth Shaked like a coward. HOTSPUR Why, so it would have done at the same season, if your mother's cat had but kittened, though yourself had never been born. GLENDOWER I say the earth did shake when I was born. HOTSPUR And I say the earth was not of my mind, If you suppose as fearing you it shook. GLENDOWER The heavens were all on fire, the earth did tremble. HOTSPUR O, then the earth shook to see the heavens on fire, And not in fear of your nativity. Diseased nature oftentimes breaks forth In strange eruptions; oft the teeming earth Is with a kind of colic pinch'd and vex'd By the imprisoning of unruly wind Within her womb; which, for enlargement striving, Shakes the old beldam earth and topples down Steeples and moss-grown towers. At your birth Our grandam earth, having this distemperature, In passion shook. GLENDOWER Cousin, of many men I do not bear these crossings. Give me leave To tell you once again that at my birth The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes, The goats ran from the mountains, and the herds Were strangely clamorous to the frighted fields. These signs have mark'd me extraordinary; And all the courses of my life do show I am not in the roll of common men. Where is he living, clipp'd in with the sea That chides the banks of England, Scotland, Wales, Which calls me pupil, or hath read to me? And bring him out that is but woman's son Can trace me in the tedious ways of art And hold me pace in deep experiments. HOTSPUR I think there's no man speaks better Welsh. I'll to dinner. MORTIMER Peace, cousin Percy; you will make him mad. GLENDOWER I can call spirits from the vasty deep. HOTSPUR Why, so can I, or so can any man; But will they come when you do call for them? GLENDOWER Why, I can teach you, cousin, to command The devil. HOTSPUR And I can teach thee, coz, to shame the devil By telling truth: tell truth and shame the devil. If thou have power to raise him, bring him hither, And I'll be sworn I have power to shame him hence. O, while you live, tell truth and shame the devil! MORTIMER Come, come, no more of this unprofitable chat. GLENDOWER Three times hath Henry Bolingbroke made head Against my power; thrice from the banks of Wye And sandy-bottom'd Severn have I sent him Bootless home and weather-beaten back. HOTSPUR Home without boots, and in foul weather too! How 'scapes he agues, in the devil's name? GLENDOWER Come, here's the map: shall we divide our right According to our threefold order ta'en? MORTIMER The archdeacon hath divided it Into three limits very equally: England, from Trent and Severn hitherto, By south and east is to my part assign'd: All westward, Wales beyond the Severn shore, And all the fertile land within that bound, To Owen Glendower: and, dear coz, to you The remnant northward, lying off from Trent. And our indentures tripartite are drawn; Which being sealed interchangeably, A business that this night may execute, To-morrow, cousin Percy, you and I And my good Lord of Worcester will set forth To meet your father and the Scottish power, As is appointed us, at Shrewsbury. My father Glendower is not ready yet, Not shall we need his help these fourteen days. Within that space you may have drawn together Your tenants, friends and neighbouring gentlemen. GLENDOWER A shorter time shall send me to you, lords: And in my conduct shall your ladies come; From whom you now must steal and take no leave, For there will be a world of water shed Upon the parting of your wives and you. HOTSPUR Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, In quantity equals not one of yours: See how this river comes me cranking in, And cuts me from the best of all my land A huge half-moon, a monstrous cantle out. I'll have the current in this place damm'd up; And here the smug and silver Trent shall run In a new channel, fair and evenly; It shall not wind with such a deep indent, To rob me of so rich a bottom here. GLENDOWER Not wind? it shall, it must; you see it doth. MORTIMER Yea, but Mark how he bears his course, and runs me up With like advantage on the other side; Gelding the opposed continent as much As on the other side it takes from you. EARL OF WORCESTER Yea, but a little charge will trench him here And on this north side win this cape of land; And then he runs straight and even. HOTSPUR I'll have it so: a little charge will do it. GLENDOWER I'll not have it alter'd. HOTSPUR Will not you? GLENDOWER No, nor you shall not. HOTSPUR Who shall say me nay? GLENDOWER Why, that will I. HOTSPUR Let me not understand you, then; speak it in Welsh. GLENDOWER I can speak English, lord, as well as you; For I was train'd up in the English court; Where, being but young, I framed to the harp Many an English ditty lovely well And gave the tongue a helpful ornament, A virtue that was never seen in you. HOTSPUR Marry, And I am glad of it with all my heart: I had rather be a kitten and cry mew Than one of these same metre ballad-mongers; I had rather hear a brazen canstick turn'd, Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree; And that would set my teeth nothing on edge, Nothing so much as mincing poetry: 'Tis like the forced gait of a shuffling nag. GLENDOWER Come, you shall have Trent turn'd. HOTSPUR I do not care: I'll give thrice so much land To any well-deserving friend; But in the way of bargain, mark ye me, I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair. Are the indentures drawn? shall we be gone? GLENDOWER The moon shines fair; you may away by night: I'll haste the writer and withal Break with your wives of your departure hence: I am afraid my daughter will run mad, So much she doteth on her Mortimer. Exit GLENDOWER MORTIMER Fie, cousin Percy! how you cross my father! HOTSPUR I cannot choose: sometime he angers me With telling me of the mouldwarp and the ant, Of the dreamer Merlin and his prophecies, And of a dragon and a finless fish, A clip-wing'd griffin and a moulten raven, A couching lion and a ramping cat, And such a deal of skimble-skamble stuff As puts me from my faith. I tell you what; He held me last night at least nine hours In reckoning up the several devils' names That were his lackeys: I cried 'hum,' and 'well, go to,' But mark'd him not a word. O, he is as tedious As a tired horse, a railing wife; Worse than a smoky house: I had rather live With cheese and garlic in a windmill, far, Than feed on cates and have him talk to me In any summer-house in Christendom. MORTIMER In faith, he is a worthy gentleman, Exceedingly well read, and profited In strange concealments, valiant as a lion And as wondrous affable and as bountiful As mines of India. Shall I tell you, cousin? He holds your temper in a high respect And curbs himself even of his natural scope When you come 'cross his humour; faith, he does: I warrant you, that man is not alive Might so have tempted him as you have done, Without the taste of danger and reproof: But do not use it oft, let me entreat you. EARL OF WORCESTER In faith, my lord, you are too wilful-blame; And since your coming hither have done enough To put him quite beside his patience. You must needs learn, lord, to amend this fault: Though sometimes it show greatness, courage, blood,-- And that's the dearest grace it renders you,-- Yet oftentimes it doth present harsh rage, Defect of manners, want of government, Pride, haughtiness, opinion and disdain: The least of which haunting a nobleman Loseth men's hearts and leaves behind a stain Upon the beauty of all parts besides, Beguiling them of commendation. HOTSPUR Well, I am school'd: good manners be your speed! Here come our wives, and let us take our leave. Re-enter GLENDOWER with the ladies MORTIMER This is the deadly spite that angers me; My wife can speak no English, I no Welsh. GLENDOWER My daughter weeps: she will not part with you; She'll be a soldier too, she'll to the wars. MORTIMER Good father, tell her that she and my aunt Percy Shall follow in your conduct speedily. Glendower speaks to her in Welsh, and she answers him in the same GLENDOWER She is desperate here; a peevish self-wind harlotry, one that no persuasion can do good upon. The lady speaks in Welsh MORTIMER I understand thy looks: that pretty Welsh Which thou pour'st down from these swelling heavens I am too perfect in; and, but for shame, In such a parley should I answer thee. The lady speaks again in Welsh I understand thy kisses and thou mine, And that's a feeling disputation: But I will never be a truant, love, Till I have learned thy language; for thy tongue Makes Welsh as sweet as ditties highly penn'd, Sung by a fair queen in a summer's bower, With ravishing division, to her lute. GLENDOWER Nay, if you melt, then will she run mad. The lady speaks again in Welsh MORTIMER O, I am ignorance itself in this! GLENDOWER She bids you on the wanton rushes lay you down And rest your gentle head upon her lap, And she will sing the song that pleaseth you And on your eyelids crown the god of sleep. Charming your blood with pleasing heaviness, Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep As is the difference betwixt day and night The hour before the heavenly-harness'd team Begins his golden progress in the east. MORTIMER With all my heart I'll sit and hear her sing: By that time will our book, I think, be drawn GLENDOWER Do so; And those musicians that shall play to you Hang in the air a thousand leagues from hence, And straight they shall be here: sit, and attend. HOTSPUR Come, Kate, thou art perfect in lying down: come, quick, quick, that I may lay my head in thy lap. LADY PERCY Go, ye giddy goose. The music plays HOTSPUR Now I perceive the devil understands Welsh; And 'tis no marvel he is so humorous. By'r lady, he is a good musician. LADY PERCY Then should you be nothing but musical for you are altogether governed by humours. Lie still, ye thief, and hear the lady sing in Welsh. HOTSPUR I had rather hear Lady, my brach, howl in Irish. LADY PERCY Wouldst thou have thy head broken? HOTSPUR No. LADY PERCY Then be still. HOTSPUR Neither;'tis a woman's fault. LADY PERCY Now God help thee! HOTSPUR To the Welsh lady's bed. LADY PERCY What's that? HOTSPUR Peace! she sings. Here the lady sings a Welsh song HOTSPUR Come, Kate, I'll have your song too. LADY PERCY Not mine, in good sooth. HOTSPUR Not yours, in good sooth! Heart! you swear like a comfit-maker's wife. 'Not you, in good sooth,' and 'as true as I live,' and 'as God shall mend me,' and 'as sure as day,' And givest such sarcenet surety for thy oaths, As if thou never walk'st further than Finsbury. Swear me, Kate, like a lady as thou art, A good mouth-filling oath, and leave 'in sooth,' And such protest of pepper-gingerbread, To velvet-guards and Sunday-citizens. Come, sing. LADY PERCY I will not sing. HOTSPUR 'Tis the next way to turn tailor, or be red-breast teacher. An the indentures be drawn, I'll away within these two hours; and so, come in when ye will. Exit GLENDOWER Come, come, Lord Mortimer; you are as slow As hot Lord Percy is on fire to go. By this our book is drawn; we'll but seal, And then to horse immediately. MORTIMER With all my heart. Exeunt SCENE II. London. The palace. Enter KING HENRY IV, PRINCE HENRY, and others KING HENRY IV Lords, give us leave; the Prince of Wales and I Must have some private conference; but be near at hand, For we shall presently have need of you. Exeunt Lords I know not whether God will have it so, For some displeasing service I have done, That, in his secret doom, out of my blood He'll breed revengement and a scourge for me; But thou dost in thy passages of life Make me believe that thou art only mark'd For the hot vengeance and the rod of heaven To punish my mistreadings. Tell me else, Could such inordinate and low desires, Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempts, Such barren pleasures, rude society, As thou art match'd withal and grafted to, Accompany the greatness of thy blood And hold their level with thy princely heart? PRINCE HENRY So please your majesty, I would I could Quit all offences with as clear excuse As well as I am doubtless I can purge Myself of many I am charged withal: Yet such extenuation let me beg, As, in reproof of many tales devised, which oft the ear of greatness needs must hear, By smiling pick-thanks and base news-mongers, I may, for some things true, wherein my youth Hath faulty wander'd and irregular, Find pardon on my true submission. KING HENRY IV God pardon thee! yet let me wonder, Harry, At thy affections, which do hold a wing Quite from the flight of all thy ancestors. Thy place in council thou hast rudely lost. Which by thy younger brother is supplied, And art almost an alien to the hearts Of all the court and princes of my blood: The hope and expectation of thy time Is ruin'd, and the soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall. Had I so lavish of my presence been, So common-hackney'd in the eyes of men, So stale and cheap to vulgar company, Opinion, that did help me to the crown, Had still kept loyal to possession And left me in reputeless banishment, A fellow of no mark nor likelihood. By being seldom seen, I could not stir But like a comet I was wonder'd at; That men would tell their children 'This is he;' Others would say 'Where, which is Bolingbroke?' And then I stole all courtesy from heaven, And dress'd myself in such humility That I did pluck allegiance from men's hearts, Loud shouts and salutations from their mouths, Even in the presence of the crowned king. Thus did I keep my person fresh and new; My presence, like a robe pontifical, Ne'er seen but wonder'd at: and so my state, Seldom but sumptuous, showed like a feast And won by rareness such solemnity. The skipping king, he ambled up and down With shallow jesters and rash bavin wits, Soon kindled and soon burnt; carded his state, Mingled his royalty with capering fools, Had his great name profaned with their scorns And gave his countenance, against his name, To laugh at gibing boys and stand the push Of every beardless vain comparative, Grew a companion to the common streets, Enfeoff'd himself to popularity; That, being daily swallow'd by men's eyes, They surfeited with honey and began To loathe the taste of sweetness, whereof a little More than a little is by much too much. So when he had occasion to be seen, He was but as the cuckoo is in June, Heard, not regarded; seen, but with such eyes As, sick and blunted with community, Afford no extraordinary gaze, Such as is bent on sun-like majesty When it shines seldom in admiring eyes; But rather drowzed and hung their eyelids down, Slept in his face and render'd such aspect As cloudy men use to their adversaries, Being with his presence glutted, gorged and full. And in that very line, Harry, standest thou; For thou has lost thy princely privilege With vile participation: not an eye But is a-weary of thy common sight, Save mine, which hath desired to see thee more; Which now doth that I would not have it do, Make blind itself with foolish tenderness. PRINCE HENRY I shall hereafter, my thrice gracious lord, Be more myself. KING HENRY IV For all the world As thou art to this hour was Richard then When I from France set foot at Ravenspurgh, And even as I was then is Percy now. Now, by my sceptre and my soul to boot, He hath more worthy interest to the state Than thou the shadow of succession; For of no right, nor colour like to right, He doth fill fields with harness in the realm, Turns head against the lion's armed jaws, And, being no more in debt to years than thou, Leads ancient lords and reverend bishops on To bloody battles and to bruising arms. What never-dying honour hath he got Against renowned Douglas! whose high deeds, Whose hot incursions and great name in arms Holds from all soldiers chief majority And military title capital Through all the kingdoms that acknowledge Christ: Thrice hath this Hotspur, Mars in swathling clothes, This infant warrior, in his enterprises Discomfited great Douglas, ta'en him once, Enlarged him and made a friend of him, To fill the mouth of deep defiance up And shake the peace and safety of our throne. And what say you to this? Percy, Northumberland, The Archbishop's grace of York, Douglas, Mortimer, Capitulate against us and are up. But wherefore do I tell these news to thee? Why, Harry, do I tell thee of my foes, Which art my near'st and dearest enemy? Thou that art like enough, through vassal fear, Base inclination and the start of spleen To fight against me under Percy's pay, To dog his heels and curtsy at his frowns, To show how much thou art degenerate. PRINCE HENRY Do not think so; you shall not find it so: And God forgive them that so much have sway'd Your majesty's good thoughts away from me! I will redeem all this on Percy's head And in the closing of some glorious day Be bold to tell you that I am your son; When I will wear a garment all of blood And stain my favours in a bloody mask, Which, wash'd away, shall scour my shame with it: And that shall be the day, whene'er it lights, That this same child of honour and renown, This gallant Hotspur, this all-praised knight, And your unthought-of Harry chance to meet. For every honour sitting on his helm, Would they were multitudes, and on my head My shames redoubled! for the time will come, That I shall make this northern youth exchange His glorious deeds for my indignities. Percy is but my factor, good my lord, To engross up glorious deeds on my behalf; And I will call him to so strict account, That he shall render every glory up, Yea, even the slightest worship of his time, Or I will tear the reckoning from his heart. This, in the name of God, I promise here: The which if He be pleased I shall perform, I do beseech your majesty may salve The long-grown wounds of my intemperance: If not, the end of life cancels all bands; And I will die a hundred thousand deaths Ere break the smallest parcel of this vow. KING HENRY IV A hundred thousand rebels die in this: Thou shalt have charge and sovereign trust herein. Enter BLUNT How now, good Blunt? thy looks are full of speed. SIR WALTER BLUNT So hath the business that I come to speak of. Lord Mortimer of Scotland hath sent word That Douglas and the English rebels met The eleventh of this month at Shrewsbury A mighty and a fearful head they are, If promises be kept on every hand, As ever offer'd foul play in the state. KING HENRY IV The Earl of Westmoreland set forth to-day; With him my son, Lord John of Lancaster; For this advertisement is five days old: On Wednesday next, Harry, you shall set forward; On Thursday we ourselves will march: our meeting Is Bridgenorth: and, Harry, you shall march Through Gloucestershire; by which account, Our business valued, some twelve days hence Our general forces at Bridgenorth shall meet. Our hands are full of business: let's away; Advantage feeds him fat, while men delay. Exeunt Scene III Eastcheap. The Boar's-Head Tavern. Enter FALSTAFF and BARDOLPH FALSTAFF Bardolph, am I not fallen away vilely since this last action? do I not bate? do I not dwindle? Why my skin hangs about me like an like an old lady's loose gown; I am withered like an old apple-john. Well, I'll repent, and that suddenly, while I am in some liking; I shall be out of heart shortly, and then I shall have no strength to repent. An I have not forgotten what the inside of a church is made of, I am a peppercorn, a brewer's horse: the inside of a church! Company, villanous company, hath been the spoil of me. BARDOLPH Sir John, you are so fretful, you cannot live long. FALSTAFF Why, there is it: come sing me a bawdy song; make me merry. I was as virtuously given as a gentleman need to be; virtuous enough; swore little; diced not above seven times a week; went to a bawdy-house once in a quarter--of an hour; paid money that I borrowed, three of four times; lived well and in good compass: and now I live out of all order, out of all compass. BARDOLPH Why, you are so fat, Sir John, that you must needs be out of all compass, out of all reasonable compass, Sir John. FALSTAFF Do thou amend thy face, and I'll amend my life: thou art our admiral, thou bearest the lantern in the poop, but 'tis in the nose of thee; thou art the Knight of the Burning Lamp. BARDOLPH Why, Sir John, my face does you no harm. FALSTAFF No, I'll be sworn; I make as good use of it as many a man doth of a Death's-head or a memento mori: I never see thy face but I think upon hell-fire and Dives that lived in purple; for there he is in his robes, burning, burning. If thou wert any way given to virtue, I would swear by thy face; my oath should be 'By this fire, that's God's angel:' but thou art altogether given over; and wert indeed, but for the light in thy face, the son of utter darkness. When thou rannest up Gadshill in the night to catch my horse, if I did not think thou hadst been an ignis fatuus or a ball of wildfire, there's no purchase in money. O, thou art a perpetual triumph, an everlasting bonfire-light! Thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and torches, walking with thee in the night betwixt tavern and tavern: but the sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years; God reward me for it! BARDOLPH 'Sblood, I would my face were in your belly! FALSTAFF God-a-mercy! so should I be sure to be heart-burned. Enter Hostess How now, Dame Partlet the hen! have you inquired yet who picked my pocket? Hostess Why, Sir John, what do you think, Sir John? do you think I keep thieves in my house? I have searched, I have inquired, so has my husband, man by man, boy by boy, servant by servant: the tithe of a hair was never lost in my house before. FALSTAFF Ye lie, hostess: Bardolph was shaved and lost many a hair; and I'll be sworn my pocket was picked. Go to, you are a woman, go. Hostess Who, I? no; I defy thee: God's light, I was never called so in mine own house before. FALSTAFF Go to, I know you well enough. Hostess No, Sir John; You do not know me, Sir John. I know you, Sir John: you owe me money, Sir John; and now you pick a quarrel to beguile me of it: I bought you a dozen of shirts to your back. FALSTAFF Dowlas, filthy dowlas: I have given them away to bakers' wives, and they have made bolters of them. Hostess Now, as I am a true woman, holland of eight shillings an ell. You owe money here besides, Sir John, for your diet and by-drinkings, and money lent you, four and twenty pound. FALSTAFF He had his part of it; let him pay. Hostess He? alas, he is poor; he hath nothing. FALSTAFF How! poor? look upon his face; what call you rich? let them coin his nose, let them coin his cheeks: Ill not pay a denier. What, will you make a younker of me? shall I not take mine case in mine inn but I shall have my pocket picked? I have lost a seal-ring of my grandfather's worth forty mark. Hostess O Jesu, I have heard the prince tell him, I know not how oft, that ring was copper! FALSTAFF How! the prince is a Jack, a sneak-cup: 'sblood, an he were here, I would cudgel him like a dog, if he would say so. Enter PRINCE HENRY and PETO, marching, and FALSTAFF meets them playing on his truncheon like a life How now, lad! is the wind in that door, i' faith? must we all march? BARDOLPH Yea, two and two, Newgate fashion. Hostess My lord, I pray you, hear me. PRINCE HENRY What sayest thou, Mistress Quickly? How doth thy husband? I love him well; he is an honest man. Hostess Good my lord, hear me. FALSTAFF Prithee, let her alone, and list to me. PRINCE HENRY What sayest thou, Jack? FALSTAFF The other night I fell asleep here behind the arras and had my pocket picked: this house is turned bawdy-house; they pick pockets. PRINCE HENRY What didst thou lose, Jack? FALSTAFF Wilt thou believe me, Hal? three or four bonds of forty pound apiece, and a seal-ring of my grandfather's. PRINCE HENRY A trifle, some eight-penny matter. Hostess So I told him, my lord; and I said I heard your grace say so: and, my lord, he speaks most vilely of you, like a foul-mouthed man as he is; and said he would cudgel you. PRINCE HENRY What! he did not? Hostess There's neither faith, truth, nor womanhood in me else. FALSTAFF There's no more faith in thee than in a stewed prune; nor no more truth in thee than in a drawn fox; and for womanhood, Maid Marian may be the deputy's wife of the ward to thee. Go, you thing, go Hostess Say, what thing? what thing? FALSTAFF What thing! why, a thing to thank God on. Hostess I am no thing to thank God on, I would thou shouldst know it; I am an honest man's wife: and, setting thy knighthood aside, thou art a knave to call me so. FALSTAFF Setting thy womanhood aside, thou art a beast to say otherwise. Hostess Say, what beast, thou knave, thou? FALSTAFF What beast! why, an otter. PRINCE HENRY An otter, Sir John! Why an otter? FALSTAFF Why, she's neither fish nor flesh; a man knows not where to have her. Hostess Thou art an unjust man in saying so: thou or any man knows where to have me, thou knave, thou! PRINCE HENRY Thou sayest true, hostess; and he slanders thee most grossly. Hostess So he doth you, my lord; and said this other day you ought him a thousand pound. PRINCE HENRY Sirrah, do I owe you a thousand pound? FALSTAFF A thousand pound, Ha! a million: thy love is worth a million: thou owest me thy love. Hostess Nay, my lord, he called you Jack, and said he would cudgel you. FALSTAFF Did I, Bardolph? BARDOLPH Indeed, Sir John, you said so. FALSTAFF Yea, if he said my ring was copper. PRINCE HENRY I say 'tis copper: darest thou be as good as thy word now? FALSTAFF Why, Hal, thou knowest, as thou art but man, I dare: but as thou art prince, I fear thee as I fear the roaring of a lion's whelp. PRINCE HENRY And why not as the lion? FALSTAFF The king is to be feared as the lion: dost thou think I'll fear thee as I fear thy father? nay, an I do, I pray God my girdle break. PRINCE HENRY O, if it should, how would thy guts fall about thy knees! But, sirrah, there's no room for faith, truth, nor honesty in this bosom of thine; it is all filled up with guts and midriff. Charge an honest woman with picking thy pocket! why, thou whoreson, impudent, embossed rascal, if there were anything in thy pocket but tavern-reckonings, memorandums of bawdy-houses, and one poor penny-worth of sugar-candy to make thee long-winded, if thy pocket were enriched with any other injuries but these, I am a villain: and yet you will stand to if; you will not pocket up wrong: art thou not ashamed? FALSTAFF Dost thou hear, Hal? thou knowest in the state of innocency Adam fell; and what should poor Jack Falstaff do in the days of villany? Thou seest I have more flesh than another man, and therefore more frailty. You confess then, you picked my pocket? PRINCE HENRY It appears so by the story. FALSTAFF Hostess, I forgive thee: go, make ready breakfast; love thy husband, look to thy servants, cherish thy guests: thou shalt find me tractable to any honest reason: thou seest I am pacified still. Nay, prithee, be gone. Exit Hostess Now Hal, to the news at court: for the robbery, lad, how is that answered? PRINCE HENRY O, my sweet beef, I must still be good angel to thee: the money is paid back again. FALSTAFF O, I do not like that paying back; 'tis a double labour. PRINCE HENRY I am good friends with my father and may do any thing. FALSTAFF Rob me the exchequer the first thing thou doest, and do it with unwashed hands too. BARDOLPH Do, my lord. PRINCE HENRY I have procured thee, Jack, a charge of foot. FALSTAFF I would it had been of horse. Where shall I find one that can steal well? O for a fine thief, of the age of two and twenty or thereabouts! I am heinously unprovided. Well, God be thanked for these rebels, they offend none but the virtuous: I laud them, I praise them. PRINC
21752	yago	2	48	https://www.thepeerage.com/p10726.htm	en	Person Page			[ "https://www.thepeerage.com/welcome.png", "https://www.thepeerage.com/home.jpg", "https://www.thepeerage.com/surnameindex.jpg", "https://www.thepeerage.com/masterindex.jpg", "https://www.thepeerage.com/places.jpg", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/kiak.png", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/kiak.png", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/docicon.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/kiak.png", "https://www.thepeerage.com/docicon.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "https://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif", "http://www.google.com/images/poweredby_transparent/poweredby_FFFFFF.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Genealogy Royal Noble Peer Duke Count Lord Baron Baronet Sir Peer Database Family Tree Europe Nobility Knight Peerage Marquess Earl				null	Henry Percy, Lord Percy1 M, #107251, b. 20 May 1364, d. 21 July 1403 Last Edited=13 Nov 2019 Consanguinity Index=0.18% Henry Percy, Lord Percy was born on 20 May 1364 at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England .2 He was the son of Henry de Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and Margaret de Neville.3 He married Elizabeth de Mortimer, daughter of Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster, before 1 May 1380.1 He died on 21 July 1403 at age 39 at Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England , killed in action.2 Henry Percy, Lord Percy also went by the nick-name of Harry 'Hotspur'.4 He was styled as Lord Percy between 1368 and 1404.4 He was appointed Knight in 1377.3 In 1378 he accompanied his father in retaking Berwick Castle from the Scots.3 He held the office of Joint Warden of the Marches in 1384.3 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) in 1388.3 He fought in the Battle of Otterburn in August 1388 at Cheviot Hills, Northumberland, England , where he and his brother, Sir Ralph Percy, were made prisoners, and James, Earl of Douglas was slain.3 He held the office of Warden of Carlisle and Western March between 1389 and 1394.3 He held the office of Governor of Bordeaux between 1393 and 1395.3 He held the office of Warden of Eastern March in 1399.3 He held the office of Governor of Berwick and Roxburgh in 1399.3 He held the office of Justiciar of Cheshire from 1400 to 1401.3 He was a commissioner to treat for peace with the Scots in 1401.3 He fought in the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402.3 He fought in the Battle of Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403.1 In January 1403/4 His insurrection was declared treason, and he was attainted and his titles forfeited.5 Children of Henry Percy, Lord Percy and Elizabeth de Mortimer Elizabeth Percy+4 d. 26 Oct 1437 Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland+1 b. 3 Feb 1392/93, d. 22 May 1455 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 95. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005. [S37] BP2003 volume 2, page 2939. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 550. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume IX, page 712. Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland1 M, #107252, b. 3 February 1392/93, d. 22 May 1455 Last Edited=4 Jul 2015 Consanguinity Index=1.44% Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland was born on 3 February 1392/93 at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England .2 He was the son of Henry Percy, Lord Percy and Elizabeth de Mortimer.1 He married Lady Eleanor de Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Lady Joan de Beaufort, after October 1414 at Alnwick, Northumberland, England .3 He died on 22 May 1455 at age 62 at St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England , killed in action.4 He was buried at Abbey of St. Albans, St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England .5 He was created 1st Earl of Northumberland [England] on 16 March 1415/16.6,7 He held the office of Warden of the Eastern March in 1417.4 He was commissioner to negotiate peace with the Scots in February 1423/24.4 He was commissioner to monitor violations of a truce with the Scots in 1433.4 He was Member of the Council Regency on the death of King Henry V.4 He held the office of Lord High Constable [England] between May 1450 and September 1450.4 He was commissioner to negotiate peace with the Scots in 1452.4 He fought in the First Battle of St. Albans on 22 May 1455.4 Children of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and Lady Eleanor de Neville Hon. John Percy4 b. 8 Jul 1418 Lady Joan Percy4 b. c 1420 Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland+4 b. 25 Jul 1421, d. 29 Mar 1461 Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont+8 b. 29 Nov 1422, d. 10 Jul 1460 Lady Catherine Percy+9 b. 28 May 1423, d. a 1475 Hon. George Percy4 b. 24 Jul 1424, d. 14 Nov 1474 Sir Ralph Percy4 b. 1425, d. 25 Apr 1464 Sir Richard Percy4 b. c 1426, d. 29 Mar 1461 Hon. William Percy4 b. 7 Apr 1428, d. 26 Apr 1462 Hon. Alan Percy4 b. c 1430 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 95. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005. [S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 17. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8] [S37] BP2003 volume 2, page 2940. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S1545] Mitchell Adams, "re: West Ancestors," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 6 December 2005 - 19 June 2009. Hereinafter cited as "re: West Ancestors." [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 96. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume IX, page 715. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume V, page 33. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume VI, page 180. Katheleen Cullen1 F, #107253 Last Edited=20 Nov 2015 Katheleen Cullen married John Bernard Petre, son of Francis John Petre and Patricia Josephine Corcoran, in 1972.1 From 1972, her married name became Petre.1 Citations [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3120. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham1 M, #107254, b. 4 September 1455, d. 2 November 1483 Last Edited=26 Dec 2017 Consanguinity Index=3.15% Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham was born on 4 September 1455.2 He was the son of Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford and Margaret Beaufort.1 He married Katherine Woodville, daughter of Richard Wydevill, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta de Luxembourg, circa February 1466.3 He died on 2 November 1483 at age 28 at Salisbury, Wiltshire, England , beheaded for treason and attainted, without a trial.2 He was buried at Grey Friars, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England .2 He held the office of Constable of Nottingham Castle on 17 June 1460.2 He succeeded as the 2nd Duke of Buckingham [E., 1444] on 10 July 1460.2 He succeeded as the 4th Earl of Buckingham [E., 1377] on 10 July 1460.2 He succeeded as the 2nd Count of Perche [Normandy, 1431] on 10 July 1460. He was Knight, Order of the Bath (K.B.) in 1465.4 He was appointed Knight on 26 May 1465.2 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) in 1474.2 He held the office of Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1483.2 He held the office of Hereditary Lord High Constable on 15 July 1483.2 He joined in the plot to place the Earl of Richmond on the throne.2 Children of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville Lady Elizabeth Stafford+3 d. 1532 Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham+3 b. 3 Feb 1477/78, d. 15 May 1521 Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire3 b. c 1479, d. 6 Mar 1523 Humphrey Stafford3 b. c 1480 Lady Anne Stafford+3 b. 1483, d. 1544 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 105. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 388. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 130. [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3707. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] Sir Thomas de Camoys, 1st Lord Camoys1 M, #107255, b. circa 1360, d. 28 March 1421 Last Edited=4 Jan 2013 Sir Thomas de Camoys, 1st Lord Camoys was born circa 1360 at Bourne, Cambridgeshire, England .2 He was the son of Sir John Camoys and Elizabeth de Latimer.3,2 He married, firstly, Elizabeth Louches, daughter of William Louches.1 He married, secondly, Elizabeth de Mortimer, daughter of Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March and Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster, after June 1406.1,2 He died on 28 March 1421.4,1 He was buried at Trotton, Sussex, England .5 He was appointed Knight Banneret before 1383.5 He was created 1st Lord Camoys [England by writ] on 20 August 1383.1 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) circa 1415.1 He fought in the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415, where he commanded the left wing of the English Army.1 He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.6 Children of Sir Thomas de Camoys, 1st Lord Camoys and Elizabeth Louches Alice de Camoys+3 d. 1455 Sir Richard de Camoys+3 b. 1375, d. b 1421 Child of Sir Thomas de Camoys, 1st Lord Camoys and Elizabeth de Mortimer Sir Roger de Camoys7 b. c 1406, d. a 9 Aug 1473 Citations [S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 657. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S3470] Marian Hastings, "re: Hastings Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 31 Deember 2008. Hereinafter cited as "re: Hastings Family." [S37] BP2003. [S37] [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 96, says 1419. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 507. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995), Camoys, Thomas de. Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 96. Sir Roger de Camoys1 M, #107256, b. circa 1406, d. after 9 August 1473 Last Edited=9 Feb 2011 Sir Roger de Camoys was born circa 1406.1 He was the son of Sir Thomas de Camoys, 1st Lord Camoys and Elizabeth de Mortimer.2 He married, firstly, Isabel (?) before 3 March 1437/38.3 He married, secondly, Isabel de Beaunoy in 1448 in a by Papal licence marriage.1 He died after 9 August 1473.4 He was appointed Knight before February 1427.5 In 1428 he was in possession of his father’s estates in various counties including Huntingdonshire. He was described in April 1429 as ‘Roger lord de Camoys’ but never summoned to Parliament, although this description and similar others in numerous documents suggest he was recognized as a lord.1 In 1436 he helped to relieve the garrison at Calais.5 Before November 1444 he was captured by his enemies and held in various prisons.5 He held the office of Seneschal of Guienne, France in July 1453.1 On 9 August 1473 he remitted all action outstanding against William, Lord Hastings.4 Citations [S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 657. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 96. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 138. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV. [S2] Peter W. Hammond, The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV, page 139. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 511. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. Sir John Grey, 1st Comte de Tancarville1 M, #107257, b. after 1384, d. 22 March 1420/21 Last Edited=30 Nov 2008 Sir John Grey, 1st Comte de Tancarville was born after 1384.2 He was the son of Sir Thomas Grey and Joan de Mowbray.3 He married Joan de Cherleton, daughter of Edward Cherleton, 5th Baron Cherleton and Alianore de Holand, Countess of March.1 He died on 22 March 1420/21 at Beaugé, killed in action.4 He fought in the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.4 He held the office of Captain of Mortagne in October 1417.4 In November 1417 he was granted the castle and seigneurie of Tilly by King HEnry V.4 He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) in 1418.5,4 He was created 1st Comte de Tancarville [Normandy] on 31 January 1418/19.6,1 He fought in the Battle of Beaugé on 22 March 1420/21.4 He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.7 Child of Sir John Grey, 1st Comte de Tancarville and Joan de Cherleton Sir Henry Grey, 2nd Comte de Tancarville+4 b. c 1418, d. 13 Jan 1449/50 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 96. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume VI, page 136. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S37] BP2003 volume 2, page 1660. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S37] BP2003. [S37] [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume III, page 162. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume VI, page 137. [S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995). Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography. Joyce de Cherleton1 F, #107258, b. circa 1403, d. 22 September 1446 Last Edited=1 Dec 2008 Consanguinity Index=0.47% Joyce de Cherleton was born circa 1403.1 She was the daughter of Edward Cherleton, 5th Baron Cherleton and Alianore de Holand, Countess of March.1 She married John Tiptoft, 1st Lord Tiptoft, son of Sir Payn Tiptoft, after 28 February 1422.1 She died on 22 September 1446.2 From after 28 February 1422, her married name became Tiptoft. After her marriage, Joyce de Cherleton was styled as Baroness Tiptoft in 1426. Children of Joyce de Cherleton and John Tiptoft, 1st Lord Tiptoft Philippa Tiptoft+ b. c 1423 Joan Tiptoft+3 b. c 1425 Joyce Tiptoft+3 b. a 1425, d. b 1485 John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester+4 b. 8 May 1427, d. 18 Oct 1470 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 96. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 843. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 846. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 842. Jean II, Vicomte de Beaumont1 M, #107259 Last Edited=12 May 2004 Jean II, Vicomte de Beaumont is the son of Robert, Vicomte de Beaumont and Marie, Dame de Chastelais.1 He married, firstly, Isabel d'Harcourt, daughter of Jean III 'le Boîteux' d'Harcourt, sire d'Harcourt, vicomte de Châtellerault, seigneur d'Elbeuf, de Brionne, de Cailleville, de Lillebonne et de Beauficel and Alix de Brabant-Aarschot, Vrouwe van Aarschot.1 He married Marguerite de Poitiers, daughter of Aymer IV, Comte de Valentinois.1 He gained the title of Vicomte de Beaumont.1 Citations [S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 227. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8]
21752	yago	1	8	https://www.geni.com/people/Elizabeth-Mortimer-Baroness-Camoys/6000000003649630665	en	Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys	https://media.geni.com/p…d5df1.1724309999	https://media.geni.com/p…d5df1.1724309999	[ "https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif", "https://media.geni.com/p14/14/f4/83/dd/5344486539e05f41/img_5462_medium.jpg?hash=187b85347804032affc5647ac60c978ed15709477f1bbceca8b4360fbfe00c70.1724309999&height=150&width=150", "https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/citation_note.gif?1723492262", "https://media.geni.com/p5/9696/5552/534448368bd3d211/Royal_-_Harry_Hotspur_Percy_t2.jpg?hash=a9c4d8b87d0c7fc689bc9d03e7d447cc39984e92720ace47be284e8f780b12d4.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p13/21/01/03/c3/5344483ce3e2b445/wuq29ser_t2.jpg?attribution=Sodacan%2BVia%2BWikipedia%2Bhttps%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FHenry_Percy_%2528Hotspur%2529%2523%252Fmedia%252FFile%253ACoat_of_Arms_of_Henry_Percy_%2528Hotspur%2529.svg%2BCreative%2BCommons%2BAttribution-Share%2BAlike%2B4.0&hash=5ed4e3bfcb10b81af9bb6de14e5087b4968a725a388753ec841c22dd89706249.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p6/4047/4802/53444836c702426b/p028017-002020_t2.jpg?hash=24cfa4fc3abec06c6915af9a8a85010a5a39c23a903a779623017154897b2973.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p13/d7/89/b7/78/5344483c8412f734/hay22fum_t2.jpg?hash=7a335a9f80022a4fcf862a2986b26f79c895b8e3a39901b2ec377d93754008e4.1724309999", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://media.geni.com/p13/85/df/2b/9b/5344483a33dabebe/edmund_mortimer_t2.jpg?hash=b6e7198ccef6058b5a20f3c7c88a49cd37ba23086c47b2e60f643038d427f3a3.1724309999", "https://media.geni.com/p10/7d/c8/34/bb/534448382a1d3a1e/Roger_Mortimer_4th_Earl_March_1374_-_1398_t2.jpg?hash=e457be386abf721be7d63c42a6c092652d5467425849ddb35e8634130449d56a.1724309999", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif", "https://assets10.geni.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif", "https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262", "https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262" ]	[]	[]	[ "family tree", "genealogy", "trace your ancestry", "family tree maker", "family tree search", "family tree charts", "family statistics", "ancestors", "research" ]	null	[]	2024-02-16T17:47:07-08:00	Genealogy for Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys (1371 - 1417) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.	en	/touch-icon-iphone.png	geni_family_tree	https://www.geni.com/people/Elizabeth-Mortimer-Baroness-Camoys/6000000003649630665	Also Known As: "Lady Percy"
21752	yago	3	12	https://www.stagemilk.com/lady-percy-monologue-act-2-scene-3/	en	Lady Percy Monologue (Act 2, Scene 3)	https://www.stagemilk.co…-2.3-scaled.jpeg	https://www.stagemilk.co…-2.3-scaled.jpeg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1218447108811544&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/stagemilk-logo.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Lady-Percy-2.3-630x300.jpeg", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/team-author.jpg", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/club-stagemilk.jpg", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/facebook-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/instagram-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/youtube-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/twitter-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/A-message-from-andrew-hearle-1.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/facebook-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/instagram-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/youtube-80.png", "https://www.stagemilk.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/twitter-80.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "StageMilk Team" ]	2022-11-29T02:31:24+00:00	This Lady Percy Monologue is great for exploring emotional highs and lows with great imagery and language.	en	https://www.stagemilk.co…2016/03/fav1.png	StageMilk	https://www.stagemilk.com/lady-percy-monologue-act-2-scene-3/	Today we’re going to take a look at Lady Percy’s Monologue from Act 2, Scene 3 of Williams Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part 1. In this monologue we see Lady Percy question her Husband, Hotspur, pleading for answers. This is a great monologue for exploring emotional highs and lows with great imagery and language. Let’s take a look… Context So the artist formerly known as Henry Bollingbroke, now more commonly referred to as King Henry the IV or “Your Majesty”, has recently usurped King Richard the II and is having a pretty not so chill time as the new King of England. Now this new King thinks that a lot of his troubles could be solved by beginning a new crusade to the Holy Land, otherwise known as a Holy War. However, there are troubles at not one, but two of England’s two total borders which renders this idea ‘not so good’ given they’d have to leave the country, leaving the Kingdom vulnerable. He is also not too popular at the moment with the Percy family who helped him to the throne and Edmund Mortimer (The Earl of March), the guy who was supposed to be King, according to the last King. He is also at odds with his son and heir apparent, Prince Hal, who’s been making himself look rather silly by constantly getting drunk with his mates, including but not limited to Sir John Falstaff. Falstaff is Hal’s closest friend and companion. And it’s not too clear who’s the worse influence on who at this stage. So there’s three main crews you need to wrap your head around. The King and his Court, who we’ve met. Then there is the Percy family, which includes a whole bunch of folks, but the ones we’re gonna focus on are Harry Percy or ‘Hotspur’, his Father, the ‘Earl of Northumberland’, and their leader, Hotspurs Uncle, Thomas Percy the ‘Earl of Worcester’. To make things easier lets just call that group ‘The Rebels’ And last but certainly not least, that rag tag bunch of drunks at the pub, Prince Hal, Falstaff and their merry band of friends who are really at the centre of this play. At the beginning of the play, The King is angry with Hotspur for refusing him the prisoners taken in a recent battle against Scotland. Hotspur tries to negotiate but is shot down by the King, and as Michael Jordan would say: he took that personally. They decide to side against the King and join forces with the Welsh and the Scots. Meanwhile, Prince Hal and chums are playing pranks on old Falstaff by disguising themselves and robbing them after they’ve robbed someone. You know, as friends do. It does end happily though when upon hearing Falstaff’s tall tales about it later, Hal returns the stolen money to him. And after this lighthearted romp in the forest we come back to the Hotspurs. Hotspur is reading a letter about the rebellion when Lady Percy presses him for answers. Original Text O my good lord, why are you thus alone? For what offence have I this fortnight been A banished woman from my Harry’s bed? Tell me, sweet lord, what is it that takes from thee Thy stomach, pleasure, and thy golden sleep? Why dost thou bend thine eyes upon the earth, And start so often when thou sittest alone? Why hast thou lost the fresh blood in thy cheeks, And given my treasures and my rights of thee To thick-eyed musing, and curst melancholy? In thy faint slumbers I by thee have watched And heard thee murmur tales of iron wars, Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed, Cry ‘Courage! To the field!’ And thou hast talked Of sallies, and retires, of trenches, tents, Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets, Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, Of prisoners’ ransom, and of soldiers slain, And all the currents of a heady fight. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow Like bubbles in a late-disturbed stream, And in thy face strange motions have appeared, Such as we see when men restrain their breath On some great sudden hest. O, what portents are these? Some heavy business hath my lord in hand, And I must know it, else he loves me not. Unfamiliar Language Stomach: Appetite Bend Thine Eyes: Look towards/Stare Start: Jump in fright Treasure: Marital intimacy/Love/Affection Slumbers: Sleeping Manage: Commands/Orders Steed: Horse Sallies: Advances Retires: Retreats Palisadoes: Barriers Frontiers: Ramparts Parapets: Defensive Walls Basilisks, Cannon, Culverin: Different Canons Brow: Forehead Motion: Expressions Hest: Request Portents: Signs Heavy Business: Serious Modern Translation Oh my good Lord, why are you always alone? What have I done wrong to be not allowed into our bed these past two weeks? Tell me my sweet lord what’s taken away your appetite, your desires and your sleep? Why do you stare at the ground and jump in fright so often when you’re sitting alone? Why have you lost the colour in your cheeks and given away the intimacy of our marriage, which is my right as your wife to some deep, dark, melancholy? I’ve watched you sleep and heard you murmur tales of war. I’ve heard you command your horse. Scream out: “Courage!”, “To the field!” and you’ve talked about advances, retreats, trenches, tents, barricades, ramparts and walls. You’ve talked about different types canons, prisoners of war, soldiers who’ve been killed, and all the ups and downs of a battle. Your soul has been at war so much and because of that you’ve slept so badly that beads of sweat have come onto your forehead like bubbles in disturbed water. You’ve made strange expressions like a man who’s been given some sudden request. What are these signs of? You’ve got something serious in your hands and you must tell me it or you don’t love me. Notes on Performance Objective is key here. Lady Percy is trying desperately to get some answers out of her husband so use that to your advantage. Chase your objective and let it drive you through the speech. High emotional content means digging deep! So don’t be afraid to dive in but always do it safely. However this is a great opportunity to explore those heightened emotions and stakes that Shakespeare always offers. Lastly, try to flesh out in your mind what this relationship really is between these two. It is a history play so there are certain things to take into account. How often do they see each other, was this marriage arranged, and is there a lot of love and affection usually in this relationship.
21752	yago	0	10	https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LD33-CF9/elizabeth-mortimer-1371-1417	en	FamilySearch.org	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.	en	https://edge.fscdn.org/a…o_favicon_sq.png		null
21752	yago	3	45	https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/2019/09/26/queen-of-the-north-by-anne-obrien/	en	📖 Queen of the North by Anne O’Brien (2018) ⭐⭐⭐	https://thebookwormchron…8_ios.jpg?w=1200	https://thebookwormchron…8_ios.jpg?w=1200	[ "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/blog-header-2.jpg", "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20190911_163530408_ios.jpg?w=656&h=492", "https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/10-books-of-summer.jpg?w=150&h=150", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/80c7d88ea11404552b9aac6ac57528a8929a9a91d2470222778f397290d5f6f5?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/930792a4c2b23649ac902d9006f53b6176da9d8ee14f8667e98003ac23167e8b?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c2c562ff4731bc5c594251716b1fe2b413112fdc22162a759bfce0366991a37e?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/689f1b7756f1e85b257241ebc5f6cc36895ce737e6a3d2b019c081e91a262472?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c02f7ad5137994c653671a318a4898a58c8d197081b940574cd1f947bbc359de?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8464e96e99a9155035d11dbc6bfcf4051e1573336b23ef39914e3d6adcf1dfcd?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/e339929f252545a9c5b077b7c6b9597aee251997cdccd23fdfd9f9e34aca3c6e?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ced3d6dca8ff7a0bd21691049ff06a7b5f04d6fa2b936f4bf70dec93f10f5cab?s=60&d=identicon&r=G", "https://thebookwormchronicles.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/8b683b908585b93833b71e028729687c.jpeg.jpg?w=150", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/20240504_191701606_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/2b50.svg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200811_184749362_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200808_150857055_ios.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/10-books-of-summer.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/83e945742cf2e9ed5ecc919edd03b32c2f833f8a", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/f8df6eb5d4d80a5b3ff0a68b8f237d9dd6461425", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/348f8f31cc5151a3aeb6d58dade6d9fb54f2a36b", "https://www.netgalley.co.uk/badge/14955a52193727315d2dfe7ee6fc1fdc6882ec25", "https://shereadsnovels.files.wordpress.com/2020/02/a-murder-is-announced.jpg?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://i0.wp.com/lynns-books.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/tsv.jpeg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://shereadsnovels.files.wordpress.com/2022/04/ttt-new6-768x308-1.png?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://746books.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/20-books.png?w=800&resize=40%2C40", "https://i0.wp.com/shereadsnovels.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/the-kings-mother.png?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-09-26T00:00:00	Over the last couple of years, Anne O'Brien has become my go-to-author when I want my historical fix, with her wonderfully researched novels told from the perspective of the powerful, often overlooked, women of history. Queen of the North is the fourth novel of Anne O’Brien's I've read, which was published just last year. In…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/a053ed568d276cd4659f235611ce81cc00ba2f1e892f96f43868d7e7a08c4cbe?s=32		https://thebookwormchronicles.wordpress.com/2019/09/26/queen-of-the-north-by-anne-obrien/	Over the last couple of years, Anne O’Brien has become my go-to-author when I want my historical fix, with her wonderfully researched novels told from the perspective of the powerful, often overlooked, women of history. Queen of the North is the fourth novel of Anne O’Brien’s I’ve read, which was published just last year. In Queen of the North, O’Brien sweeps us back to the great upheaval of 1399 and introduces us to a little remembered key-player, Elizabeth Mortimer. Elizabeth was the wife of the tempestuous Henry ‘Hotspur’ Percy; great-granddaughter of Edward III; and cousin to both Richard II and Henry IV. With her royal blood and advantageous marriage, Elizabeth was a woman of power, wealth and influence, who played an almost forgotten, but key role in the ensuing turmoil for the throne. And the only literary reference to this is her, incorrect, portrayal as Lady Kate Percy in William Shakespeare’s Henry IV. It was for this reason that O’Brien was so keen to write Elizabeth’s story. O’Brien portrays Elizabeth as a proud, clever and ambitious woman, who has a great love for her children and shares a passionate love with her first husband, Henry. When her cousin, Henry Bolingbroke landed in England, in 1399, with an army to bring their cousin Richard II to heel, he has the full support of Elizabeth’s powerful father-in-law, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and his eldest son, her husband. However Elizabeth very much has her own mind and that is if anyone else is to sit upon the throne, it should be her nephew, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March. And for this belief she is willing to risk everything in dangerous scheming and eventually outright treason – more than once! I didn’t particularly ‘like’ Elizabeth, but I did find her fascinating and her story truly moved me. I was heartbroken with Elizabeth, as Henry is brutally slain at the disastrous Battle of Shrewsbury; as she rides under his severed head on the gates of York; as she begs for his despoiled body to be returned; as she is separated from her children; and as she forced into a second marriage. So much sorrow, so much suffering, and yet it is worse because I knew, as much as she does but doesn’t want to admit, that she brought a lot of it upon herself. Previously, I have not read anything about Elizabeth, so this was as much a history lesson as it was an entertaining read. A history lesson that O’Brien has again brought to life in glorious detail – from the sumptuous dress and life of court, to the daily life of a medieval woman writing her letters, using her still room and hosting guests; to the bloody battlefield. Something else I love about her writing is how characters overlap in her books, which makes it possible for us as readers to see the bigger picture of the time period. In this case, Henry IV and Thomas de Camoys were both in previous novels, The King’s Sister and The Queen’s Choice. Overall, I thought Queen of the North was an evocative tragedy of love, loss, loyalty and betrayal, through the eyes of the fascinating Elizabeth Mortimer – she certainly wasn’t your dull, dutiful wife! Tantalisingly, in this book, we also met Constance of York, Lady Despenser, who is the protagonist of O’Brien’s newest novel, A Tapestry of Treason; which I’m excited to read. Great read. Thank you to the publishers for providing a copy of this book via NetGalley in exchange for my honest opinion. I’d love to hear your thoughts: Have you read this? Have you read any of Anne O’Brien’s other novels?
21752	yago	2	3	https://www.historiamag.com/discovering-elizabeth-mortimer/	en	Discovering Elizabeth Mortimer – Historia Magazine	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico	[ "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Ludlow-Castle-©-Ian-Capper.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/roger-mortimer.jpeg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Elizabeth-Mortimer-Brass.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Hotspur-Alnwick-Castle.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Queen-of-the-North.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/google.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/email.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/twitter.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/plugins/simple-share-buttons-adder/buttons/somacro/facebook.png", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Leaving-Fatherland-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Artists-War-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Heir-of-Venus-cover-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Chris-Lloyd-750-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Alex-2-body-750-100x100.jpg", "https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Glenfin-L-Sheil-1-750-100x100.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anne O'Brien" ]	2018-08-09T09:00:25+01:00		en	https://www.historiamag.com/wp-content/themes/magazine-pro/magazine-pro/images/favicon.ico		https://www.historiamag.com/discovering-elizabeth-mortimer/	Anne O’Brien brings us a tale of ambition, treachery and betrayal in the reign of King Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer was one of the powerful medieval Mortimer family that dominated the Welsh Marches where I now live. It is difficult to ignore them round here if you have an interest in medieval history. I am surrounded by Mortimer castles, such as the impressive bulk of Ludlow (above), the much ruined Wigmore to the north, or Usk to the south; churches which the Mortimers enhanced with their tombs and stained glass, as at Much Marcle; the battlefields, notably Mortimer’s Cross, where they fought to enforce their power. Since coming to live in this part of the world twenty years ago my Mortimer interest has bloomed. The real Mortimer power was established in the early years of the 14th century by Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March, although his execution in 1330 for his role in the deposition of King Edward II could easily have destroyed it. A lenient Edward III restored the property and wealth to Roger’s widow, her grandson Roger became the second Earl of March, and future Mortimers made their loyalties to the Plantagenets clear. Thus the Mortimers received royal acclaim and so were not eclipsed. Their power was centred at Wigmore Castle on its rocky outcrop, the family buried at Wigmore Priory, until they moved their main base to Ludlow which Earl Roger had made into luxurious living accommodation as well as a formidable fortress. So who was Elizabeth Mortimer? What do we know about her? It has to be said, very little is on record in factual terms. History has reduced her to no more than a footnote in the history of her Mortimer menfolk. How often is this the case with medieval women, even from the most prominent of families? Elizabeth was born in 1371, probably at the Mortimer castle of Usk, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and Philippa of Clarence, grand-daughter of King Edward III. She married Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur), heir to the Earl of Northumberland, when she was eight years old and Hotspur fifteen – a dynastic alliance between two great houses. They had two children together: Henry and Elizabeth. Caught up in the conflicts of Henry IV’s turbulent reign, Hotspur was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, fighting against King Henry, leaving Elizabeth a widow. Elizabeth’s son Henry, now heir to the earldom of Northumberland, was sent into exile to the royal court of Scotland to keep him out of King Henry’s hands. Hotspur’s body, quarters of which were exhibited around England while his head was placed on Micklegate Bar in York, was formally delivered to Elizabeth by King Henry for burial. In 1406 Elizabeth was remarried to Thomas, Baron de Camoys, with whom she had a son, Roger. She pre-deceased Thomas de Camoys and died in 1417 at the age of forty six. She was buried in the Church of St George at Trotton in Sussex, with a fine memorial brass showing them both, hand in hand. Very little to conjure with here. So why would I consider her for the main female protagonist in an historical novel? What was it that brought her to my notice? Quite simply, Elizabeth is given two thought-provoking, and indeed magical, scenes with Hotspur in Shakespeare’s Henry IV Part One and then briefly, when widowed, in Part Two. Although Shakespeare calls her Lady Kate, here is Elizabeth: Lady Kate: In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry, An if thou wilt not tell me all things true. Hotspur: Away, Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: We must have bloody noses and crack’d crowns … William Shakespeare: Henry IV Part 1 And then, with Elizabeth as a widow: Lady Percy: He was the mark and glass, copy and book, That fashion’d others. And him, O wondrous him! O miracle of men! William Shakespeare Henry IV Part 2 It is a relationship full of conflict of personality but also of wit, deep affection and respect, a relationship to explore. As for Hotspur, he was such a mercurial figure, brave and courageous, winning glory on the battlefield, but he was also flawed, bringing his own downfall. I could not resist writing about them, and for me Elizabeth became the perfect protagonist for Queen of the North because of her family connections and her place in the events of the reign of Henry IV. During Elizabeth’s lifetime England underwent a period of great upheaval. King Richard II was deposed in 1399 by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, who took the throne as King Henry IV, the first of the Lancastrian Kings. Although Richard was soon conveniently dead, it did not prove to be a peaceful reign for Henry. Supporters of Richard, claiming that he was still alive, led plots and insurrection in England, while in Wales the mighty Owain Glyn Dwr was bidding to become Prince of Wales. It was a time of bloody civil war that must have torn families apart. Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second surviving son. Because of this royal connection, the Mortimer family had a viable claim to the English throne even though it came through a female line which had been disinherited by Edward III in his final days. This placed Elizabeth in the very centre of the struggle for power after the death of Richard II, the Mortimers claiming pre-eminence over King Henry IV, descended from the third son, John of Gaunt. The young boy Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, with the strongest claim was Elizabeth’s nephew. King Henry, well aware of the boy’s dangerous bloodline, kept him and his younger brother in captivity in Windsor Castle. For Elizabeth, if Richard II was no longer king, then the true heir to the throne must be her nephew. To complicate matters, Elizabeth’s family became embroiled in the struggle for power of Owain Glyn Dwr who claimed the title and authority of Prince of Wales. Elizabeth’s younger brother Sir Edmund Mortimer, head of the family in the Welsh March during his nephew’s minority, was defeated at the battle of Bryn Glas and taken prisoner by Glyn Dwr’s forces. Kept a prisoner in Glyn Dwr’s household at Sycharth when King Henry refused to ransom him, Sir Edmund married one of Glyn Dwr’s daughters, changed sides and became one of the rebels. Where did the the Percys stand in this turbulence? Regarding themselves as Kings in the North, ruling the northern March between England and Scotland, snatching territory from the Scots whenever possible, initially they strongly supported King Henry. This would put Elizabeth and her husband on opposite sides of the fence, until King and Hotspur came to blows over Henry’s interference in Percy authority in the north and his inability to pay the Percys for their service in providing troops. This resulted in a showdown between Henry and Hotspur of major proportions, after which there was no going back. Hotspur joined forces with Sir Edmund Mortimer and Owain Glyn Dwr. This is the world in which Elizabeth would have lived, and here is the place, in a novel, for some well-founded historical speculation. How difficult was it for Elizabeth, in the midst of such a keen rivalry for power as she and Hotspur were drawn deeper into the maelstrom of high politics and betrayal, to keep a balance between her loyalties to family, husband, and new king? How much influence would she have on Hotspur’s change of allegiance? Was she engaged in the negotiations between her brother, husband, and Owain Glyn Dwr? All came to a tragic denouement at the battle of Shrewsbury where Hotspur and King Henry met in the field. Nor was this the end for Elizabeth. As a Mortimer and a traitor’s widow, it would not be in King Henry’s interests to allow her freedom to instigate further rebellion. Elizabeth was left to pay the price for her treachery, as well as accepting her own part in her husband’s death. So why was I compelled to write about Elizabeth? She was a woman who took on the role of traitor to the crown in support of her Mortimer nephew. She would know at first hand the resulting struggle between family loyalty and a desire to pursue what she saw as the rightful claim to the throne of England, despite all the pain it would bring her. She would also learn the ultimate constraints on her freedom, common to all medieval women, when as a potentially dangerous widow she was married to de Camoys, one of Henry IV’s close friends. What a compelling drama of power and treason, of betrayal and death this promised to be. It can of course be stated by those concerned only with facts that we have no evidence of Elizabeth’s motives or involvement in these events. I am unable to argue against this. How true is this of most medieval women, even those from powerful magnate families? Yet I cannot believe that they are as voiceless or as powerless as they seem. How many alliances and ambitions were hammered out over a platter of roast venison or in a more personal tete-a-tete between husband and wife? What must be omitted in the historical record of non-fiction can be explored in historical fiction, as long as the end result remains true to those facts and the characters are realistically accurate. Is that not the nature of historical fiction, to use the facts that we have of events and character and weave them into a page-turning story? Queen of the North is out now, published by HQ. Anne O’Brien is the bestselling author of 10 historical novels. Find out more at anneobrienbooks.com. Images:
21752	yago	3	44	https://www.holdinghistory.org/post/did-a-failed-performance-shape-how-we-see-hotspur	en	Did A Failed Performance Shape How We See Hotspur?	https://static.wixstatic…eda8a67e~mv2.jpg	https://static.wixstatic…eda8a67e~mv2.jpg	[ "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/bb3148_a9aa2361e9d743369dc3ca0c104f6102~mv2.png/v1/crop/x_0,y_54,w_750,h_563/fill/w_84,h_63,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/HH_Book_3_Black_edited.png", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8278f7_3eaf4a99bc6e4d27bf917a94eda8a67e~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_185,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8278f7_3eaf4a99bc6e4d27bf917a94eda8a67e~mv2.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8278f7_0b59298c21a441428708970e234840da~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_212,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8278f7_0b59298c21a441428708970e234840da~mv2.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8278f7_9303fe5968d846c4aa848b2463f4292f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_191,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8278f7_9303fe5968d846c4aa848b2463f4292f~mv2.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8278f7_5bc1862fee5042c69486264a8f9003d0~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_229,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8278f7_5bc1862fee5042c69486264a8f9003d0~mv2.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/8278f7_2660ef86ce4b418c98ff6ed975cc3e4f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_195,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/8278f7_2660ef86ce4b418c98ff6ed975cc3e4f~mv2.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/008ffe_89456b643dc74bc5ae755175c85c53fc~mv2.jpeg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/008ffe_89456b643dc74bc5ae755175c85c53fc~mv2.webp", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/008ffe_89456b643dc74bc5ae755175c85c53fc~mv2.jpeg/v1/fill/w_292,h_165,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/008ffe_89456b643dc74bc5ae755175c85c53fc~mv2.webp", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/f5b766_589d1bb7f4e44a8e8b92b4dd1ae08289~mv2.jpeg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/f5b766_589d1bb7f4e44a8e8b92b4dd1ae08289~mv2.webp", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/f5b766_589d1bb7f4e44a8e8b92b4dd1ae08289~mv2.jpeg/v1/fill/w_292,h_165,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/f5b766_589d1bb7f4e44a8e8b92b4dd1ae08289~mv2.webp", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/41f9cd_8d95e879d3aa487baf5531698bba0729~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_292,h_165,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_auto/41f9cd_8d95e879d3aa487baf5531698bba0729~mv2.webp", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/bb3148_72253c5d70f1434184908f7b5dfd6095~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_114,h_114,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_3,enc_auto/HH%2520Black%2520Sticker%2520Transparent_edite.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "CJ Rockwell" ]	2023-06-07T13:57:03.269000+00:00	Did a theatrical disaster shape Hotspur on stage? C. Rockwell describes how learning through failure applies to even Shakespeare.	en	https://static.wixstatic…500_1500_s_2.png	Holding History	https://www.holdinghistory.org/post/did-a-failed-performance-shape-how-we-see-hotspur	by CJ Rockwell Henry the IV, Part I was defining for William Shakespeare, partly because of the popularity of its characters. It features his most popular character, Lord Falstaff, the snarky, bumbling deuteragonist whose antics contrast the bleak tone of the historical drama. However, a very different man struck a chord for both players and audiences: the fiery, prideful Harry Percy, best known as Hotspur. For, while Falstaff can easily grab one’s attention, Hotspur’s variability commands it. What Makes a Character Variable? Lord Falstaff is a dependable favorite through his consistency—a quick quip here, a quicker excuse there, and we have our oft-beloved comic relief. But Hotspur, in many ways Falstaff’s opposite, became an underdog favorite for fans and actors alike because he almost always differs between interpretations. He’s cunning and logical, with surprisingly compelling motivations, but he’s also egotistical, angry, and wields sharp judgment with an even sharper tongue. His character is a balance of these traits, and weighing which traits take center stage gives us a wildly varied antagonist, or even tragic anti-hero, in stark contrast to bumbling Falstaff or the forced maturation of protagonist Prince Hal. One scholar commented that "given that Romantic critics so often argued that private reading allowed for more imaginative, complex, and genuinely Shakespearean interpretations than the stage permitted… many imitated the theater in identifying Hotspur as one of the play's centers of dramatic interest” (Barker 291). Take for example Hotspur’s relationship to Lady Hotspur, as explored in Act II, Scene III. He declares he doesn’t love her, then says he does as long as he can get his horse, then says he cannot trust her with why he needs a horse anyway, as she is a woman and may spill his secrets—all within about twenty-seven lines. Hotspur: Away, Away, you trifler! Love! I love thee not, I care not for thee, Kate: this is no world To play with mammets and to tilt with lips: We must have bloody noses and crack'd crowns, And pass them current too. God's me, my horse! What say'st thou, Kate? what would'st thou have with me? Lady Percy. Do you not love me? do you not, indeed? […] Nay, tell me if you speak in jest or no. Hotspur. Come, wilt thou see me ride? And when I am on horseback, I will swear I love thee infinitely. But hark you, Kate; I must not have you henceforth question me Whither I go, nor reason whereabout: Whither I must, I must; and, to conclude, This evening must I leave you, gentle Kate. I know you wise, but yet no farther wise Than Harry Percy's wife: constant you are, But yet a woman: and for secrecy, No lady closer; for I well believe Thou wilt not utter what thou dost not know; And so far will I trust thee, gentle Kate. Lady Percy.How! so far? Hotspur.Not an inch further. (Henry the IV, Part 1, II.III.96-122) In this moment, we see Hotspur caught between his plans to wage war, his pride, his frustration, and his obligations as a husband. We also know the choice he makes: he most values his pride, synonymous with his identity as a soldier, and therefore refuses to show his hand to the person he could potentially trust most (“I know you wise, but yet no farther wise / Than Harry Percy’s wife”). Already we are gifted with the boon of a complex character. But that says nothing of his tone. Hotspur’s language could be indicative of anything in this moment. Hotspur can be further seen as cold and cunning, or so distracted by scheming he cannot help but move around. He could even be full of poorly controlled rage. For example, his dismissal of Lady Percy could be interpreted as proof he does not love her at all, or as a dedication to his stance as a soldier, rejecting her kindness out of deep belief (“this is no world/To play with mammets and to tilt with lips”). All is possible: Hotspur is only as wild as one reads—and plays—him. This is where his potential lies. Yet this understanding of Hotspur is a gift of modern interpretation, and it had to start somewhere. In fact, there may exist one portrayal so influential precisely because it was the first to try. There was at one point a mold to be broken for Hotspur, when alternate depictions would never be considered for theater. I realized when reading this play that I wanted to find when this moment happened—surely there was some performance of Hotspur that explored this potential. And after studying archives of past Shakespearean performances, I realized I may have found the moment Hotspur’s variability was first captured—in the footnotes of a PLMAarticle from 1950, barely more than a few lines long. It detailed a performance that didn’t make Hotspur very capturingat all. It took me quite some time to accept that modern Hotspur, as we know him, could have potentially started with a theatrical flop. How might this have happened? To understand this hypothesis, we must dig through the archives in search of Hotspur’s first major appearances—starting with the post-1660 period of Shakespearean theater, and with one Thomas Betterton. Bombast and Flare A luminary of vast acting prowess, actor-manager Thomas Betterton was a massive force in reviving Shakespeare within England after the Anglo-Dutch War. Under his guidance, Henry IV and many plays like it “became more a story about interesting individuals than the story of a nation” (Best). This was in part due to his portrayal of Falstaff, for which he was best known. But Betterton actually began with Hotspur, around 1682. Any discussion of Hotspur adaptations must start with Betterton, both because of his influence as a manager—he was the one who set the tone in theater—and because of his tendency to portray his villains with a particularly short temper. And as Hotspur, Betterton was all too happy to show off his temper (Gildon). Eyewitnesses said that “those wild impatient Starts, that fierce and flashing Fire which he threw into Hotspur” (Cibber 40) left them intimidated and hungry for more. Audiences loved to see the ill-tempered and sharp-tongued soldier, especially when he was at his sharpest. All is possible: Hotspur is only as wild as one reads—and plays—him. This is where his potential lies. In fact, Betterton’s harsh rage defined half a century of how many believed Hotspur should be played. Not only that, but his 1700 portrayal of Falstaff, a rarity for its lack of censorship, cemented one of the character’s trademarks: high, floppy boots, something that was never within the original text but can still be seen in performances today (Gildon). It made sense for many to follow his impressions, both for Falstaff and, indeed, for Hotspur. This belief lasted far into the 18th century. It could have lasted for far longer—if not for one man. Enter Garrick It would be an understatement to say David Garrick is a legendary Shakespearean actor. He understood the playwright so well that many critics regularly approached him just for advice on understanding Shakespeare, a man he never met (Murphy). Not only that, Garrick’s acting style was a revolutionary point in theater for the time, and his greatest legacy, stimulating the 18th-century Shakespeare revitalization. Most scholars agree that Garrick “presented a new type of acting, natural and realistic, which emphasized psychological understanding of the characters, which opposed the declamatory style in possession of the stage until 1741, and which vividly impressed his audiences” (Stone 187). This understated style forever influenced how audiences view not only Shakespeare, but modern theater itself. Garrick also changed how Shakespeare was staged, how his works were preserved, and how they were interpreted (Murphy). His acting style was the focal point of this revolution. Yet, in all honesty, Garrick’s 1746 adaption of Henry IV, Part I hardly rivaled Betterton’s. He only ever adapted the play once, and for good reason. His Hotspur is considered one of his greatest failures. Unlike the giant, booming Betterton (Gildon), Garrick was short and slight. His small stature became his biggest target for critics. One wrote that “the person of Garrick was not formed to give a just idea of the gallant and noble Hotspur. The mechanic, or bulky, part was wanting; nor could the fine flexibility of his voice entirely conquer the high rant and continued rage of the enthusiastic warrior” (Woods 76). However, Garrick did not completely abandon his trademark style during the performance, and Hotspur’s cunningness took center stage. But Garrick could not make his Hotspur seem convincingly angry, and since an angry Hotspur was what critics adored with Betterton, it became what they saw most lacking. Consequently, research on Garrick’s 1746 performance in Henry IV is highly limited. At first, I didn't think anything of his rendition. After all, if this version was such a flop, then how could Garrick’s portrayal have actually changed Hotspur? Legacy Versus a Lost Battle As stated before, I had no knowledge of the importance of Garrick's failure. Not, at least, until I stumbled across the letters of one John Philip Kemble. Kemble was a notable actor-manager who first took to the stage in the 1770s, a few decades after Garrick and Betterton. Although undoubtedly influenced by both men, Kemble admitted in private correspondence to admiring Garrick greatly (Wells). Widely considered a scholar of Garrick’s, Kemble was quick to become the next major champion of Shakespearean theater after his mentor’s passing. Many commentators were quick to compare the two—even his fiercest critics, such as Leigh Hunt: “If Mr. Kemble has not succeeded Garrick in all tragic excellence, as some of his admirers pretend, he has worthily succeeded him in one important respect, that of loving Shakespeare and keeping him before the public” (Jones 191). Kemble’s 1817 Hotspur, although poorly received by critics, was much better received by audiences. His refined dignity hid bubbling anger; his rapidly changing temperament at times depicted a man mere seconds away from losing all composure (Best). Otherwise, he was reserved and cunning - not unlike Garrick's usual style. Additionally, there is evidence that Kemble’s rendition was much more popular. Finding sketches of early 19th century Henry IV Part I, without Kemble, was surprisingly laborious. Accessing sites dedicated to preserving Shakespeare, such as LUNA by Folger Shakespeare Library or JSTOR, gave plenty of examples of Kemble as Hotspur—and very few others—for the early 19th century, with many other depictions of Hotspur resembling Kemble’s gaunt face and thin frame. Some included a black mustache and goatee that he at one point sported for the role, as seen at the beginning of this very article. It was at this moment that I realized that his performance must have certainly had some impact, although there are of course sketches of Hotspur portrayed by different actors, Kemble’s features are easily spotted in several 19th-century depictions. Garrick’s model of acting shaped Kemble’s Hotspur as much as he shaped Kemble. But Kemble was tall and severe, as evidenced by the myriad paintings and drawings dedicated to his performance. If their styles of acting were as similar as critics claimed, was Garrick’s a fault of his performance, or merely his height? This question has greater implications for theater. In spite of the Romantic criticism (Barker 291) that plays are best consumed by reading them by ourselves, the theater still influences how we view Shakespearean plays. Since Hotspur features great variability in performance, his character becomes the perfect litmus test for that influence. Garrick’s Hotspur undeniably failed to impress, and even Kemble was critically panned for his portrayal (Best), but they still questioned how Hotspur should be portrayed. The two actors—Garrick especially—revitalized Shakespearean theater by bringing it to new audiences. That revitalization still includes their renditions of Hotspur, and their renditions still opened him up for audiences to see his great variability, popular or not. A failed performance didn’t shape Hotspur traditionally, but it did break the mold Betterton had previously set. A Word on Impact Many scholars have written about the effects these three men, Garrick especially, had on theater beyond just Shakespeare. The difference between them lies in the accessibility of critique, specifically criticism from their time periods. Trying to find proof of Garrick’s failures was far more difficult than finding proof of Kemble’s. I only found harsh criticism of his performances when I explicitly searched for his Henry the IV, Part I adaptation, and even then not a lot of criticism extended beyond that role. It seemed as if everyone, even Garrick himself, wanted to forget about his rendition. To an extent, I understand why that’s the case. Nobody wants to obsess over the failures of a man like Garrick, not when his role in revitalizing Shakespeare was so important. But at the same time, there exists a measurable value of failure, even if that value only extends to its novelty. There was worth to Garrick’s rendition, even for only breaking the mold Betterton set. Hotspur doesn’t have to be overly imposing to work: that variability is part of what makes him interesting, after all. In fact, an overall weaker rendition of the character, whose insecurities would become impossible to miss, would be a fascinating challenge to prior adaptations. I realized that no version of Hotspur should be as outright dismissed as Garrick’s performance was, nor Kemble’s – nor even Betterton’s, whose Hotspur is typically ignored in favor of his Falstaff. Arguably, the audience’s response to any play is what determines its worth – and some versions of a play will always be more popular and more frequently revisited than others – but I think that the negative response to Garrick’s version is misleading. If anything, he proves there is value in adaptations that audiences find disappointing. His role, as shown by Kemble’s rendition, was influential in shaping further performances of Hotspur simply by questioning the lack of change. I believe we are continuing to see the effects of such adaptations today. This essay is part of the Shakespeare, Sort Of series, a project exploring archival research and Shakespearean adaptations. Find every SSO essay here. About the Author C. Rockwell is a contract editor, writer, and literary scholar, having graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a degree in English literature in late 2022. Born and raised in Kalamazoo, Michigan, they have lived in the Midwest all their life. At a young age, with nothing surrounding them but corn fields, clouds, and trees, the author decided to stay inside, pick up a book, and start reading. Doing so ultimately determined their career choices, ability to socialize, and life going forwards. Like many English graduates, they spend their spare time chewing their nails and being frightened by loud noises. C. Rockwell has a pet Brazilian red and white tarantula named Aubrey III, who appears to have gone missing, and three roommates who are afraid of large spiders.
21752	yago	2	2	https://www.folger.edu/blogs/shakespeare-and-beyond/lady-percy-lady-mortimer-henry-iv-part-1/	en	Lady Percy and Lady Mortimer in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1	https://images.folger.ed…?fit=1024%2C1024	https://images.folger.ed…?fit=1024%2C1024	[ "https://www.folger.edu/themes/childtheme//assets/images/folger-logo--large.svg", "https://www.folger.edu/themes/childtheme//assets/images/folger-logo--small.svg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/SENSE_369_TWood-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2022/09/FSL_WestGarden2.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/Shakespeares-Birthday-2017-517-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2022/09/McKee-Scholars-0049-cr-lloyd-wolf.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/TSI_Vivid_Teachers_ReadingRoom_015_crJamesRBrantley-scaled.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2023/01/BrewsAndBanter_5C9A8510web.jpg?resize=10%2C20&gravity", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6410_web.jpg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/007854.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/008945.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/034438.jpg", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/025973.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://images.folger.edu/uploads/2019/09/036473.jpg?fit=300%2C300", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/034361.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/142684.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/036299.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/CSH_6658.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/115230.jpg", "https://d3k85wy3v9cru9.cloudfront.net/uploads/2019/09/115233.jpg", "https://www.folger.edu/admin/wp-includes/images/spinner.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-09-24T10:00:00	In Henry IV, Part 1, Shakespeare created Lady Percy and Lady Mortimer out of the fragments of history, giving them voices that appeal freshly to us today.	en	https://www.folger.edu/s…e-touch-icon.png		https://www.folger.edu/blogs/shakespeare-and-beyond/lady-percy-lady-mortimer-henry-iv-part-1/	“This is a play which all men admire, and which most women dislike,” wrote actress and writer Elizabeth Inchbald in her diary in 1807 about Henry IV, Part 1. She objects to “many revolting expressions in the comic parts,” and thinks that a female audience would rather see Prince Hal as a lady killer, than an associate of the “traitor” Percy. The diary says nothing about Lady Percy (whom Inchbald portrayed onstage) or the other female characters in the play, except to comment that Percy pays more attention to his horse than to his wife. But though the play’s action focuses on the male characters and the build-up to their confrontations on the battlefield, the noblewomen affected by their husbands’ actions stake their own claims to the audience’s attention: feisty Lady Percy gives as good as she gets from her husband, and Lady Mortimer, who was silently cut from performances for hundreds of years, has been revived in modern productions. Shakespeare created these heroines out of the fragments of history, giving them voices that appeal freshly to us today. Although Lady Percy’s husband Henry Percy or “Hotspur” calls her “Kate,” she was actually Elizabeth, the sister of Edmund Mortimer. She and Lady Mortimer are barely footnotes in Holinshed’s Chronicle, Shakespeare’s major source for the story of Henry IV. Nevertheless, Shakespeare created from imagination the sort of woman he thought could match the impetuous character of Hotspur the warrior. It’s interesting that he has Hotspur call her “Kate,” as she seems to reflect something of Shakespeare’s other “Kate,” the headstrong wife in The Taming of the Shrew, which was likely written a few years earlier than Henry IV. There is also a long tradition relating her to Portia, the wife of Julius Caesar, who similarly confronts her husband to learn what has been so troubling his sleep. Unlike Portia, however, who wounds herself to prove her trustworthiness, Lady Percy ultimately gives in to her husband’s misogynistic refusal to tell her what is on his mind. The nineteenth-century essayist, Anna Jameson (1794-1860), whose study of Shakespeare’s heroines was widely read, says that Lady Percy “has no real influence” over her husband: “he has no confidence in her.” Jameson compares “Lady Percy’s fond upbraidings, and her half playful, half pouting entreaties,” with Portia’s “matronly dignity and tenderness.” Romantic and Victorian period illustrations of Lady Percy tend to play up this “sprightly, feminine, and fond” aspect of her character, depicting her as a doting wife, seen in these images: The French artist, Alexandre Bida (1813-1895), has a better sense of the tension in the scene, placing a physical distance between Hotspur with one foot in the saddle, and Lady Percy who twists around awkwardly to look at him. His outstretched arm keeps her at bay. Jameson remarks that “almost every one knows by heart Lady Percy’s celebrated address to her husband.” The speech occurs in Act 2, scene 3, where her husband has been pacing up and down, reading a disturbing letter from someone who has backed down from joining him, Mortimer, and other rebels against Henry IV. It is a “set” speech of almost 30 lines which was published many times in selections of “Beauties of Shakespeare,” meant to be memorized by school children and by those at home learning good elocution. Today the speech is not as familiar, but we bring to it a new context. As Lady Percy asks what takes her lord from his bed, why he is musing and melancholy, why he talks in his sleep “of iron wars . . . Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, /Of prisoners’ ransom, and of soldiers slain,” we recognize the helpless feeling of a woman whose husband is suffering from PTSD. Thy spirit within thee hath been so at war, And thus hath so bestirred thee in thy sleep, That beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow . . . And in thy face strange motions have appeared Such as we see when men restrain their breath. (2.3. 58-60, 62-63) She wants to know what’s bothering him, but like many men today who have experienced the horrors of war, and who know of more to come, Percy cannot and will not tell her. When he resists, her tone lightens as she tries to tease it out of him: Come, come, you paraquito [little parrot], answer me Directly unto this question that I ask. In faith, I’ll break thy little finger, Harry, An if thou wilt not tell me all things true. (2.3.90-93) He banters with her but refuses to say where he is going, only that she will follow him the next day. The German artist Johann Ramberg (1763-1840) catches the moment perfectly with Hotspur, armed, whip in hand, waiting for his lively horse, and Lady Percy holding his shoulder and twisting his finger. The couple turn up again with Owen Glendower, his son-in-law Mortimer (Lady Percy’s brother), and Mortimer’s wife, Glendower’s daughter, in Act 3, scene 1. This lady has plenty to say, but there is no written dialogue given, as she speaks in Welsh. It is thought that Shakespeare may have created the part for a Welsh boy in his acting company, who also had a good voice, since the lady sings beautifully. Productions of the play in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries tended to cut Lady Mortimer’s part completely, but she has now been reinstated and serves as a contrast to Lady Percy, and also as a voice for a British minority. Lady Mortimer — called “The Lady” in the play — is presented as a doting wife, who “makes Welsh as sweet as ditties highly penned,/ Sung by a fair queen in a summer’s bower” (3.1.215-16). She asks her husband to sit down with his head on her lap, while she sings him to sleep. The restful quality of their relationship is in stark contrast to the restless sleep of Hotspur as described earlier by his wife. “Lie still,” she says to him now, “and hear the lady sing in Welsh.” Hotspur doesn’t like Welsh and is too wound up to lie still; on her part, Kate refuses to sing, and he in turn accuses her of speaking oaths mouthed by London street vendors. Shakespeare uses the different characters of the two women to highlight the contrast between their husbands, summarized by Owen Glendower, who says of his son-in-law Mortimer, “You are as slow/ As hot Lord Percy is on fire to go.” Lady Mortimer’s Welsh points to Shakespeare’s growing interest in exploring multiple languages, as seen in his later Henry V where Prince Hal, now as king, stumbles to woe Katherine of France in her own tongue, and Welsh, Scots, and Irish soldiers, each speak in their own accents. Under Queen Elizabeth, Shakespeare’s plays were a celebration of Tudor history, and the Tudor line traced its ancestry to the Welsh Owen Tudur [sic] who married Katherine after the death of Henry V. The celebration and exploration of such linguistic richness begins here in Henry IV, Part 1. Lady Mortimer is not seen again in Shakespeare’s plays, but Lady Percy turns up in Henry IV, Part 2 where she eulogizes her husband, who was killed by Prince Hal at the end of Part 1. Speaking to her father-in-law, the Earl of Northumberland, she reminds him how he did not support Hotspur in his initial revolt, and she remembers her lord as one who . . . by his light Did all the chivalry of England move To do brave acts. He was indeed the glass Wherein the noble youth did dress themselves. (Henry IV, Part 2, 2.3.19-22) “Kate” to her husband, Lady Percy now passes out of the plays as a grieving widow who ends as she began with a powerful speech.
21752	yago	0	11	https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/percy-elizabeth-1371-1417	en	Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417)			[ "https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Percy", "Elizabeth (1371–1417)English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer." ]	null	[]	null	Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417)English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer. Source for information on Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.	en	/sites/default/files/favicon.ico		https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/percy-elizabeth-1371-1417	English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer. Born on February 12, 1371, in Usk, Gwent, Wales; died in April 1417 at Trotton, West Sussex, England; buried in Trotton; daughter of Edmund Mortimer (1352–1381), 3rd earl of March, and Philippa Mortimer (1355–1382); sister of Edmund Mortimer (1376–1438); married Henry Percy (1364–1403), also known as Harry Percy or Hotspur (son of the 1st earl of Northumberland); married Thomas, 1st baron Camoys; children: (first marriage) Henry Percy (1392–1455), 2nd earl of Northumberland (r. 1415–1455); Elizabeth Percy (d. 1437). A noblewoman and rebel, Elizabeth Percy was immortalized by William Shakespeare as "Kate Percy" in Henry IV. Little historical information has survived about the real Elizabeth. Born into an aristocratic English family, she was the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, and Philippa Mortimer , and the great-granddaughter of King Edward III. She thus claimed royal descent on her mother's side and was of Welsh descent on her father's side. Her parents arranged a marriage for her with Sir Henry Percy, the eldest son of the earl of Northumberland. Henry Percy, called Harry "Hotspur" because of his boldness in battle, was an important military leader who aided Henry Bolingbroke's (Henry IV) successful rebellion against King Richard II in 1399. But by 1402, Harry had turned against his former ally. With Elizabeth's support, Harry led a massive rebellion against Henry IV which almost toppled him. This rebellion sought to put Elizabeth's brother Edmund Mortimer on the throne as the rightful heir to England. In 1403, Harry was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury; his death effectively ended the organized opposition to Henry IV's rule. Trying to recover his authority, Henry IV sought to imprison or kill the remaining leaders of the rebels. One of those whom Henry punished was Hotspur's widow Elizabeth, who was arrested shortly after the Battle of Shrewsbury as a traitor to the king. She was eventually released, although she and her two children were stripped of all rights to Hotspur's properties. But Elizabeth, a resilient woman, remained loyal to Hotspur's memory, and managed to have his remains buried in the tomb of the Northumberland family in York Minster. She did remarry, however, probably compelled by need to provide for her own and her children's future. Her second husband was a minor noble, Thomas Lord Camoys, who had served in her first husband's army. Thomas was eventually reconciled to the crown, and was in the English army under Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt in 1413. Lady Elizabeth died four years later at age 46 and is buried next to her second husband in the Church of Saint George in Trotton, West Sussex. sources: Bevan, Brian. Henry IV. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
21752	yago	3	13	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/hotspur/	en	The History Jar	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	[ "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/cropped-IMG_0160.jpg", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/lionel-of-antwerp.jpg?resize=201%2C422&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mortimer-family-tree-part-one.jpg?resize=584%2C368&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/P6090409.jpg?resize=292%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/P6090410.jpg?resize=361%2C481&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0030.jpg?resize=584%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0042.jpg?resize=335%2C503&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0047.jpg?resize=421%2C632&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Joan-Beaufort.jpg?resize=392%2C546&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jane-seymour-emblem.png?resize=224%2C324&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/panther-close-blog.jpg?resize=213%2C500&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2014/09/white-rose.jpg?resize=226%2C223&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2013/04/images-8.jpeg?resize=196%2C257&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/glossary-of-words.png?fit=282%2C300&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/coin.jpg?fit=223%2C226&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/robert-dudley-mine.jpg?w=580&h=580&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kingmakers-women.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/medieval-mistresses.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/isabel-de-clare.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image001-1024x206.png", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/image002-1024x204.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00	Posts about Hotspur written by JuliaH	en	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	The History Jar	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/hotspur/	Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated. Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words. There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult. Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys. Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III. If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior. In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother – During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law. No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses. Like this: Like Loading... In 1415 there were about 78 peel or pele towers in Northumberland. These towers were essentially private fortifications for protection in the event of Scottish raids – or neighbours you didn’t necessarily agree with. The idea was that you could secure your family and portable valuables until it was safe to emerge or help arrived – beacons were kept on the top of the towers which could be lit to summon help and to worn the surrounding countryside of danger. Peel towers were an architecture that resulted from the Scottish Wars of Independence. Some of the peel towers were not ordinarily used as dwellings – rather they should be considered refuges in times of trouble whilst at the other end of the spectrum places like Aydon Castle near Hexham resemble castles. Preston Tower was built by Sir Robert Harbottle at the end of the fourteenth century. Sir Robert was a man of his time. He was part of the affinity of Sir Mathew Radmayne of Levens and rose in Redmayne’s service. When Harbottle murdered a man in Methley in Yorkshire in 1392 it was Redmayne and his successor who secured Harbottle’s pardon. You’d have thought that Harbottle would have kept his head down but it wasn’t long before he came to the attention of the law once again when he took part in a raid on the Yorkshire property of Isabel Fauconberg stealing her property as well as the property of her tenants. A commission was set up to investigate but somehow or other Harbottle escaped the consequence of his crimes once more. Henry IV, having taken the crown from his cousin Richard II, made him constable of Dunstanburgh Castle in 1399 – clearly not having read his cv beforehand. He even managed to acquire one of the wardenship of the east march – essentially turning Harbottle into the law. Perhaps it’s not surprising that since he did so well from the Red Rose monarchs that Harbottle was loyal to both Henry IV and Henry V even when the Percy family rebelled against them. Having bagged himself an heiress in the form of Isabel Monbourcher, Harbottle had risen from henchman to man of wealth and influence. When Hotspur rebelled against Henry IV, Harbottle was able to claim a better share of his wife’s inheritance – so it would appear that luck was on his side as well. In between times Harbottle had served in Henry IV’s army in 1400 against the Scots and became a member for parliament. In short he had become part of the gentry in the north and had a good stout peel tower to prove it. Preston Tower has walls which are over two metres thick, is three storeys high and has rooms off the main chamber at each level. It was described by Pevsner as one of the best bits of medieval architecture in the country. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/harbottle-robert-1419 Like this: Like Loading... Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role. As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth. Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne. It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV. The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr. It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester. Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster. Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV. The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor. Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time. For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html Like this: Like Loading... Eleanor was born in about 1397 to Joan Beaufort and Ralph Neville, 1st earl of Westmorland. Eleanor, like the rest of her sisters, was married off to another cousin – Richard le Despenser- who if you want to be exact was her second cousin. His mother was Constance of York who was the daughter of John of Gaunt’s younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York. The pair were married some time after 1412 but he died in 1414 aged only seventeen. He’s buried in Tewkesbury Abbey along with his other more notorious Despenser ancestors – his two times great grandfather was Hugh Despenser who was Edward II’s favourite. Once again though the Nevilles’ had made a wealthy match for their child. The Despensers were amongst the wealthiest families in the country and were also Plantagenet in ancestry thanks to Constance. Richard’s early death meant that the title of Baron Burghersh, which he had inherited from Constance, passed to Richard’s sister Isabella. Just from point of interest it is worth noting that she would marry the Earl of Warwick and in turn her daughter, Anne Beauchamp, would marry a certain Richard Neville – better known to history as the Kingmaker – demonstrating once again that very few families held the reins of power during the medieval period and that they were all interconnected. Eleanor meanwhile married into one of the great northern families – the Percy family – which must have caused her heartbreak in later years given that the Percy-Neville feud would be one of the triggers for the Wars of the Roses. Henry Percy, the 2nd Earl of Northumberland was the son of “Hostpur.” In a strange twist his family hadn’t done terribly well under the Lancastrian kings despite supporting Henry Bolingbroke against his cousin Richard II. The Percys had been rewarded in the first instance but had become disillusioned by Henry IV. Both Henry Percy’s father and grandfather had been killed as a result of rebelling against Henry IV. It was only when Henry V ascended the throne that our particular Henry Percy was able to return from exile in Scotland in 1413. It was at the same time that Eleanor’s parents arranged the marriage between Henry and Eleanor. It says something that Joan Beaufort who was the king’s aunt when all was said and done was able to work at a reconciliation between the king and the house of Percy whilst at the same time strengthening the Neville affinity in the north. Percy, having returned to the fold, did what fifteenth century nobility did – he fought the Scots and the French. He was also a member of the privy council during Henry VI’s minority. But by the 1440s Percy was in dispute with various northerners over land. He had a disagreement of the violent kind with the Archbishop of York and then fell out with the Nevilles which was unfortunate because not only was he married to Eleanor but he’d married his sister to the 2nd earl of Westmorland (let’s just set aside the Neville-Neville feud for the moment). The problem between the Percys and the Nevilles arose from a disagreement over land. Eleanor’s brother, the Earl of Salisbury married his son Thomas to Maud Stanhope who was the niece of Lord Cromwell. Wressle Castle passed into the hands of the Nevilles as a result of the marriage. The Percy family was not pleased as the castle was traditionally one of their properties. Eleanor’s husband did not become involved in a physical fight with his in-laws but his younger son Thomas, Lord Egremont did. He attacked Thomas Neville and Maud Stanhope’s wedding party at Heworth Moor in August 1453. The two families were forced to make the peace with one another but the hostility continued to mount. The Nevilles were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy faction adhered to York’s opponents who happened to be best represented by Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset of represented Henry VI. The feuding which was really about dominance in the north was a bit like a set of dominoes knocking against one another until the whole affair moved from local to national significance. Each side became more and more determined to support their “national” representative in the hope that either York or Somerset would gain the upper hand and the patronage system would see rewards in the form of confirmation of landownership. Henry Percy was with the king on 22 May 1455 at St Albans and was killed. At the time it was regarded as the Earl of Salisbury’s way of dealing with the problem- meaning that he targeted and killed his own brother-in-law. This in its turn escalated the hostility between the two factions. The death of Eleanor’s husband made the Percy family Lancastrians to the back-bone and would ensure that the feud continued across the battle fields of the Wars of the Roses. Eleanor and Henry had ten children. Their eldest son called John died young. The next boy – inevitably called Henry- became the 3rd Earl of Northumberland upon his father’s death in 1455 and he in his turn was killed in 1461 at the Battle of Towton along with his brother Richard. Eleanor’s son Henry had his own feud with the Nevilles on account of his marriage into the Poynings family. This Henry was present at the council meeting in 1458 that demanded recompense for the events of St Albans in 1455. He took part in the so-called Love-day orchestrated by Henry VI to demonstrate an end of the feuding but in reality Henry worked politically to have his Neville relations attainted of treason by the Coventry Parliament and he was on hand to take his revenge at Wakefield in 1460 when Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury were killed. Thomas Percy, Baron Egremont, the Percy responsible for the attack at Heworth Moor, was killed in 1460 at the Battle of Northampton. Ralph Percy was killed in 1464 at the Battle of Hedgeley Moor near Hexham leaving George who died in 1474 and William Percy who was the Bishop of Carlisle ( he died in 1462). Rather unfortunately for the troubled family, Eleanor’s daughter Katherine was married to Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent – the name may be familiar. He was the man who laid down his weapons in the middle of the Battle of Northampton costing Henry VI the battle. Another daughter Anne, lost her first husband in 1469 after he joined with the Earl of Warwick in conspiring to put Henry VI back on the throne and finally as you might expect there was a daughter called Joan who married into the northern gentry. Eleanor’s son Henry was posthumously attainted of treason after Towton by Edward IV. Her grandson, another Henry, was packed off to prison and would only be released when Edward IV shook off the influence of the Kingmaker in 1470. The Percy family lost the earldom of Northumberland in the short term to the Neville family as a result of their loyalty to Henry VI in 1464 when Edward IV handed it over to the Nevilles in the form of John Neville Lord Montagu but unfortunately for Montagu Northumberland’s tenantry did not take kindly to the change in landlord and Edward IV found himself reappointing the Percys to the earldom – which contributed massively to the Kingmaker throwing his toys from his pram and turning coat. The new Earl of Northumberland – the fourth Henry Percy to hold the title had learned a lot from his father and grandfather. Instead of rushing out wielding weapons Eleanor’s grandson was much more considered in his approach. He did not oppose Edward IV and he did not support Richard III despite the fact that Richard returned lands which Edward IV had confiscated. This particular Earl of Northumberland was on the battlefield at Bosworth but took no part in the conflict. Once again the locals had the final word though – the fourth earl was killed in 1489 in Yorkshire by rioters complaining about the taxes…and possibly the earl’s failure to support the last white rose king. Eleanor died in 1472 having outlived her husband and most of her children. Michael Hicks makes the point that securing an inheritance and a title was extremely important to the medieval mindset. Once these had been gained the aim was to hold onto them. The Neville clan headed by Joan Beaufort appear to have been increasingly single-minded about the retention of title and property and this was the key deciding factor in the variety of feuds they became involved with. (Hicks:325). Just Cecily to go… Hicks, Michael, (1991)Richard III and His Rivals: Magnates and Their Motives in the Wars of the Roses. London: Bloomsbury Wagner, John A. (2001). The Encyclopaedia of the Wars of the Roses. Oxford: ABC Like this: Like Loading... Jane Seymour, perhaps the original Plain Jane if Chapuys comments are to be believed, became wife number three on 30th May 1536. She was another descendent of Edward III via Hotspur. She’d also been a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon and also to Anne Boleyn. One story said that Anne was deeply distressed to encounter Jane sitting on Henry’s lap. Her chosen motto was “Bound to serve and obey” – a wise choice given Henry’s complaints about wife number two and presumably wife number one’s implacable logic and argument. Her emblem is the phoenix rising from a tower surrounded by those burgeoning roses reflecting both a Plantagenet and Lancastrian inheritance. The pheonix is a symbol of love and renewal. Jane is the renewed Tudor hope for an heir. Jane would also be the queen who oversaw Henry’s return to a more traditional set of beliefs. She tried to reconcile him to Princess Mary and also interceded on behalf of the catholic pilgrims who’d revolted during the Pilgrimage of Grace. Her clemency wasn’t welcome so far as Henry was concerned and she swiftly retreated from the political field. It was February 1536 when word of Henry’s interest in Jane Seymour was first mentioned in ambassadorial dispatches and it wasn’t long before her brothers found themselves being rewarded with important posts and preferments. In 1537 Jane fell pregnant, a fact recorded by Edward Hall. The rejoicing must have been a little bit cautious given all the previous disappointments but on the 12 October she produced a boy, Edward, and then promptly died from complications on 24th October. Cromwell would later blame her attendants for giving her rich food and sweets but in reality it was likely to have been childbed fever that carried Jane off. Jane was very different from her predecessor, although Anne’s leopard was very swiftly adapted into Jane’s other symbol – the panther. The panther, heraldically speaking, is a more gentle animal than a leopard and can also represent Christ. He was also white and covered in multicoloured spots rather than being black. Examples can be found at Hampton Court looking rather splendid but it should also be remembered that Henry VI used a panther as a symbol as did the Beauforts. Double click on the image of the panther to find out more about the garden at Hampton Court. Jane wasn’t particularly well educated and reverted to older fashion styles when she became queen. Perhaps she thought that the higher neck lines would stop Henry being too attracted to her own ladies-in-waiting, she had after all had plenty of opportunity to watch what went on at court. Historians can’t agree as to whether she was an active player in inveigling Henry away from Anne or whether she was a pawn in the hands of her family. She kept her own counsel and did not live long enough to prove a disappointment to Henry. Like this: Like Loading... Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York. Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin. There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it. But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III. Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt. Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned). Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates. Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances. Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned! Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs. Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned. However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer. Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught. If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed. However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI. Like this: Like Loading... Young Henry Bolingbroke was just eleven years old when he carried the ceremonial sword at his cousin Richard II’s coronation. The king was a year younger than Henry. Henry, named after one of his father’s (John of Gaunt) Lincolnshire castles was also known as Henry of Lancaster. His mother was Blanche of Lancaster and as his father’s heir the title is one that makes sense. However, just to confused things he was also created the Earl of Derby and upon his marriage to Mary Bohun he was created Earl of Hereford – oh yes, then he deposed his cousin and became known as King Henry IV. Henry’s variety of names is confusing enough but his familial relations look like spaghetti rather than a tree. Henry’s grandfather was King Edward III, his father John of Gaunt and his mother Blanche of Lancaster. So, far so good. However, when Henry married Mary Bohun, who was just eleven at the time and remained at home with her widowed mother after the wedding, Henry’s aunt became his sister-in-law! Edward III’s youngest son Thomas of Woodstock was already married to Mary’s older sister Eleanor. They were the co-heiresses of the Earl of Hereford. Henry’s mother-in-law was the widow of the earl and the daughter of Richard FitzAlan third Earl of Arundel. As Richard II grew to manhood he became convinced about the authority of kings. It was this king who introduced the terms ‘Majesty’ and ‘Highness’. It was this king who demanded that anyone entering his presence should bow three times before they approached him. This high handed attitude, not to mention failure to go to war with France, didn’t win him friends within his family. Nor did his preference for ‘new men’ such as his chancellor Michael de La Pole help matters very much. Inevitably there were plots. Eventually in 1387 the Lords Appellant, as they became known, forced Richard to tow the line. He spent some time in the Tower – possibly on the naughty step. Amongst the Lords Appellant were Thomas of Woodstock (Henry’s uncle and brother-in-law) and Richard Fitzalan, the fourth Earl of Arundel (Henry’s uncle-in-law), Thomas Beauchamp (Earl of Warwick), Thomas Mowbray (Earl of Nottingham) and Henry himself. Of course, Richard didn’t take kindly to being told what to do by the nobility even if he was related to most of them. Eventually he regained his power and had Thomas of Woodstock sent to Calais where he ordered his royal uncle to be murdered. The man who organized this was another of Thomas’s nephews ….it’s always nice to see a happy extended family, isn’t it? Henry’s uncle-in-law, Arundel, was given a show trial and executed. The Earl of Warwick must have heaved a huge sigh of relief when he found himself on a slow boat to the Isle of Man with instructions not to come back. The king seized the estates of all three of these Lords Appellent. Henry and Mowbray seemed, at least for the time being, to have escaped Richard’s wrath. However, Mowbray suggested that the king would do to him and Henry what he’d done to the other three lords. The conversation was not a particularly private one and inevitably word got back to the king that Mowbray was plotting again. Henry denounced Mowbray before he could be accused of being involved. He went on to challenge Mowbray to trial by combat. The two men were to have met at Coventry on the 16th September 1398. They were just about to attack one another when Richard banned the combat and exiled its combatants: Mowbray for life, Henry for ten years – demonstrating that Mowbray had been right all along. Then John of Gaunt died. Richard changed Henry’s exile to life and claimed Lancaster’s estates as his own. Henry landed at Ravenspur in July 1399. Men flocked to his banner. Richard, who was in Ireland at the time, hurried to meet his cousin but by the time he reached Conway Castle it was evident that Richard had lost his kingdom to his cousin. Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV by popular acclaim. If Richard’s abdication was real rather than forced – and the deposed king was to die very soon afterwards in Pontefract Castle. The next rightful heir was eight-year-old Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March- and no one wanted another child on the throne. Henry however, did not claim his right to rule exclusively from his grandfather. He claimed his right to rule through his mother Blanche of Lancaster. Blanche was descended from Edmund Crouchback, the second surviving son of Henry III. Henry IV allowed it to be known that rather than being the second born, Edmund Crouchback was actually the first born child but had been set aside in favour of his brother Edward (King Edward I) on account of his ‘crouchback’. Given that crouchback meant cross-back it was probably a reference to his crusading zeal rather than any physical deformity. Henry did not have a peaceful reign. Owen Glendower rose with the Welsh in rebellion and the Earl of Northumberland joined in with his son ‘Hotspur’. Hotspur was the husband of Ann Mortimer and therefore uncle to Edmund Mortimer (the child with a better claim to the throne than Henry). It would be nice to think that he was outraged that his nephews Edmund and Roger Mortimer were being imprisoned simply because of their ancestry but it is much more likely that he, together with his father Northumberland, was furious that they hadn’t received what they perceived to be their dues for supporting Henry when he arrived at Ravenspur. They were also expected to guard the border with Scotland more efficiently now that Henry was on the throne. In any event, Henry had to quell rebellions, assassination attempts, deal with financial difficulties, his own heir’s apparent waywardness and his poor health. It was widely reported that he became a leper- he certainly suffered from an unpleasant skin disease of some description. He had difficulty walking and had a fit whilst praying in Westminster Abbey before dying on the 20 March 1413. He left a warrior son to become King Henry V. Unfortunately for England, King Henry died when his own son by Katherine of Valois was an infant. The Mortimers had not forgotten their claim to the throne (though Edmund and Roger died without children- their sister Ann had married and had children). Their claim to the throne was better than baby Henry VI’s. The stage was set for The Cousins War or as we know it, thanks to Sir Walter Scott, the Wars of the Roses – which strange though it may seem given that I’ve cantered through the reigns of both Richard II and his cousin Henry IV, is what I’m warming up for with this post. Like this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	1	9	https://www.whobegatwhom.co.uk/ind3079.html	en	Elizabeth PERCY			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Lady Elizabeth PERCY (c. 1390-1437) 1. Lady Elizabeth PERCY, daughter of Sir Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) (1364-1403) and Elizabeth MORTIMER ( - ), was born circa 1390. She married in 1404. She married John CLIFFORD in 1404. She died on 26 October 1437. They were great grandparents of Jane Seymour, wife of Henry VIII. John CLIFFORD, son of Thomas CLIFFORD (c. 1363-1391) and Elizabeth ROS (c. 1390-c. 1437), was born in 1388 in Appleby, Westmoreland. He had the title '7th Lord Clifford'. He died on [Julian] 13 March 1421 in Meaux. He was killed at the Siege of Meaux, Seine-et-Marne, France. He was buried in Bolton Abbey/Friars Minors, Ipswich, Suffolk. He and Elizabeth PERCY had the following children: +2 Thomas CLIFFORD (1414-1455) Second Generation 2. Thomas CLIFFORD, son of John CLIFFORD and Lady Elizabeth PERCY, was born in 1414. He had the title '8th Lord Clifford'. He married Joan DACRE circa 1424 in Skelton, Yorkshire. Thomas was killed at the Battle of St. Albans. When his father died at Meaux in France Thomas was only seven years old. He was commissioned in 1434/5 along with his uncle the Earl of Northumberland to array the northern counties against the Scots. In 1449 he was conservator of the truce between England and Scotland and in 1450-1he was one of three Ambassadors from Henry VI to James III of Scotland. In 1437 he laid siege to Pontoise near Paris. He dressed his soldiers in white and under the cover of a snowstorm they scaled the ramparts and captured the fortress. The King called on him again in 1452 and 1454 to muster men and ships from the north to relief Calais. The Hundred Years War with France drew to a close and Thomas returned home but by May 1455 the struggle for control of the English throne had erupted into violence and Thomas Clifford was killed at the first battle of St. Albans. Thomas 8th Lord Clifford had married Joan Dacre in 1424 and they had six children. Joan DACRE was born circa 1418. She died circa 1455. She and Thomas CLIFFORD had the following children: +3 John CLIFFORD (1435-1461) Third Generation 3. Lord John CLIFFORD, son of Thomas CLIFFORD and Joan DACRE, was born in 1435. He was baptised on 8 April 1435 in Conisborough Castle. He had the title '9th Lord Clifford'. He married Margaret BROMFLETE circa 1453. He died on 28 March 1461 in Towton (Ferrybridge). He was killed at the battle of Towton, Ferrybridge, Yorkshire. John, ninth lord Clifford, was one of the principal leaders of the party of the house of Lancaster, and for his cruelty and inhumanity obtained the surname of the Butcher. He stabbed in cold blood, after the defeat of the Yorkists in the battle of Wakefield 24 December 1460, Edmund earl of Rutland, next brother to king Edward the fourth, who was at that time seventeen years of age, in pretended revenge of the death of his father. This nobleman married Margaret, daughter and heiress of Henry Bromflete baron Bromflete and baron Vesci; in consequence of which marriage the title of Vesci descended to the family of Clifford. He was killed at the battle of Towton 29 March 1461 in the twenty-sixth year of his age. In fact, the stories of his cruelty may well have been exaggerated, and the stabbing in cold blood may not have happened. Henry, his son, obtained a reversal of his attainder from Henry VII.
21752	yago	0	46	https://kids.kiddle.co/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland	en	Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland facts for kids	https://kids.kiddle.co/i…keep%2C_2007.jpg	https://kids.kiddle.co/i…keep%2C_2007.jpg	[ "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/60/Warkworth_Castle%27s_keep%2C_2007.jpg/300px-Warkworth_Castle%27s_keep%2C_2007.jpg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/9b/20040409-003-abbey-gateway.jpg/300px-20040409-003-abbey-gateway.jpg", "https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Learn Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland facts for kids	en	/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png		https://kids.kiddle.co/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland	Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455) was an English nobleman and military commander in the lead up to the Wars of the Roses. He was the son of Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and the grandson of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. His father and grandfather were killed in different rebellions against Henry IV in 1403 and 1408 respectively, and the young Henry spent his minority in exile in Scotland. Only after the death of Henry IV in 1413 was he reconciled with the Crown, and in 1414 he was created Earl of Northumberland. In the following years, Northumberland occasionally served with the king in France, but his main occupation was the protection of the border to Scotland. At the same time, a feud with the Neville family was developing, particularly with Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. This feud became entangled with the conflict between the Dukes of York and Somerset over control of national government. The conflict culminated in the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, at St Albans, where both Somerset and Northumberland were killed. Family-background Henry Percy was the son of Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer. Elizabeth was the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa, Countess of Ulster, daughter of Elizabeth de Burgh and Lionel of Antwerp, son of Edward III. Hotspur's father – the young Henry's grandfather – was also called Henry Percy, and in 1377 became the first of the Percy family to hold the title of Earl of Northumberland. Both Hotspur and his father were early and active supporters of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from Richard II in 1399, and became King Henry IV. They were initially richly rewarded, but soon grew disillusioned with the new regime. Hotspur rose up in rebellion, and was killed at Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403. Hotspur's father, the earl, was not present at the battle, but there is little doubt that he participated in the rebellion. After a short imprisonment, he was pardoned, and in June 1404 he delivered his grandson into the king's custody at Doncaster. By May 1405, however, the earl was involved in another rebellion. His plans failed, and he was forced to flee to Scotland, taking his grandson with him. The following years were marked by an itinerant life and further plotting, while the young Henry remained in the custody of the Duke of Albany. On 19 February 1408, the first earl of Northumberland was killed in the Battle of Bramham Moor, leaving the young Henry Percy as heir apparent to the earldom. Henry remained in Scotland until the accession of Henry V in 1413, when he tried to claim his grandfather's title. His cause was aided by the king's aunt, Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, who arranged his marriage to her daughter Eleanor. It was in Henry V's interest to reconcile with the Percys, with their vast network in the north of England; on 11 May 1414, Henry Percy was restored to the Earldom of Northumberland, followed by a formal creation on 16 March 1416. Service to the king Northumberland served occasionally in Henry V's wars in France over the following years. He joined the king on an expedition to the Continent in 1416, and sent a minor contingent of soldiers the next year. His main task, however, was the defence of the Scottish Borders, and on 16 December 1416 he was appointed Warden of the East March. In late August 1417, the Scots invaded northern England; while Albany laid siege to Berwick Castle, the Earl of Douglas attempted to take Roxburgh Castle. Percy lifted the siege of Berwick, and forced both Albany and Douglas across the border. At the same time, he was also involved in national political affairs, and acted as steward at the coronation of Henry's queen Catherine on 24 February 1421. When Henry V died in 1422, Northumberland was appointed a member of the council appointed to govern during the minority of Henry VI. He might have been involved in an embassy to the Council of Siena in 1423, but still, his main area of responsibility lay in the border region. In the council, he seems to have belonged to Bishop Henry Beaufort's social circle, and he followed Beaufort – now cardinal – to peace negotiations at Berwick in 1429. As Warden of the East March, he was constantly occupied with peace negotiations and defence of northern England, but his efforts were constantly frustrated, and in 1434 he resigned his commission. The next year, Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, equally exasperated by the lack of royal support, gave up his commission as Warden of the West March. Northumberland was appointed joint warden with the earl of Huntingdon of both marches for one year, during which time, although suffering defeat by the Earl of Angus at the Battle of Piperdean, he was able to repel a siege on Roxburgh by James I of Scotland. In 1440 he was once more appointed Warden of the West March, and this time held the position until his death. Feud with Neville family Initially, Northumberland's relations with the other great northern family, the Nevilles, were friendly. He was already connected to the Beaufort-Nevilles through his marriage with Eleanor Neville, and in 1426 he married his sister Elizabeth to the young Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland. In the early 1440s, Northumberland was involved in other disputes. A conflict over land with the Archbishop of York escalated into open violence. The king intervened on the archbishop's side, though Northumberland remained in favour at court. Nevertheless, he spent less time involved in central affairs at Westminster in the later 1440s. In the early 1450s, the relationship between the Percy family and the Earl of Salisbury – Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland's son by his second wife Joan Beaufort – started to deteriorate. What triggered the conflict was the marriage between Salisbury's son Thomas and Maud Stanhope, niece and heiress of Lord Cromwell. By this marriage Wressle Castle, which had traditionally been in the possession of the Percy family, would pass to the Nevilles. At the same time, the Neville-Cromwell wedding had led Huntingdon (now Duke of Exeter) to join the cause of the Percys, because of a territorial dispute with Cromwell. Northumberland himself, who was nearing sixty, did not take action at the time, but one of his younger sons did. Thomas Percy had been created Baron Egremont in 1449, relating to his possessions in the Neville-dominated county of Cumberland. On 24 August 1453, Thomas attacked the Neville-Cromwell wedding party at Heworth near York with a force of over 700 men. No one was killed in the skirmish, and the wedding party escaped intact. The conflict, however, continued over the following years. On 8 October, Northumberland and Salisbury were summoned to court and ordered to end the conflict, but the warnings were ignored. Instead, the collective forces of the Percy and Neville families gathered at their Yorkshire strongholds of Topcliffe and Sand Hutton respectively, only a few miles apart. Both sides had ignored royal commands to disband, and battle seemed inevitable, but eventually a truce ensued and the forces withdrew. Then, in October 1454, Thomas Percy and his brother Richard were captured by the Nevilles in a battle at Stamford Bridge. The conflict was escalating, and converging with events in national politics. Towards civil war Discontent was brewing in England against the personal rule of Henry VI, who had been declared of age in 1437. The main antagonists were Richard, Duke of York, and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. Somerset enjoyed great influence over the king, but after Henry had been incapacitated by mental illness in 1453, York was appointed protector in 1454. The Nevilles were by this time closely associated with York, so the natural option for Northumberland was to side with Somerset and the king. Attempts were made to reconcile Northumberland and Salisbury in the north, but little was accomplished. In December, the king rallied sufficiently to resume control of government, and York's protectorate was terminated. With Somerset back at the centre of power, civil war seemed imminent. In May 1455, Northumberland was travelling with the king and Somerset to a great council at Leicester, when the party was intercepted by York and the Nevilles. On 22 May 1455, at the First Battle of St Albans, the royal forces clashed with the forces loyal to the Duke of York, in what has been described as the first battle of the Wars of the Roses. The battle was a complete victory for the Yorkist side, and led to another reversal of the political situation. The king was taken captive, and Somerset was killed. Northumberland was also among the casualties, and was buried at the nearby St Albans Abbey. A suggestion made by a contemporary chronicler, and supported by modern-day historians, said that the true purpose of the battle was to settle personal scores. Once York and Salisbury had killed Somerset and Northumberland respectively, the battle was effectively over. Estates and family The Percy estates were primarily located in the northern counties of Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Cumberland. Even though the title was restored in 1416, and the Percy estates were officially regranted, this did not mean the immediate return of all the family possessions. Protracted legal battles followed, particularly with John, Duke of Bedford. Even at the time of his death, Northumberland had not recovered all the estates once held by his grandfather. Northumberland's marriage to Eleanor Neville produced at least ten children. Henry Percy was succeeded by his son Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, who himself died fighting in the Wars of the Roses, at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461.
21752	yago	2	49	https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2017/12/family-affair	en	A family affair	https://vitabrevis.ameri…ns-213x300-1.jpg	https://vitabrevis.ameri…ns-213x300-1.jpg	[ "https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/hs-fs/hubfs/Imported_Blog_Media/Hans-Holbein-the-Younger-workship-Wikimedia-Commons-213x300-1.jpg?width=213&height=300&name=Hans-Holbein-the-Younger-workship-Wikimedia-Commons-213x300-1.jpg", "https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/hubfs/Imported%20images/david-2-XL.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "David Allen Lambert" ]	null	One of the features of the recently-announced engagement of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry of Wales is the news that they are distant cousins...	en	https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/hubfs/favicon.ico		https://vitabrevis.americanancestors.org/2017/12/family-affair	One of the features of the recently-announced engagement of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry of Wales is the news that they are distant cousins, descendants of Sir Philip Wentworth (d. 1464) and Mary Clifford. It is remarkable to think of this remote pair, who lived 550 years ago, being represented today by the engaged couple, both born as recently as the 1980s. So who were they, Sir Philip and Lady Wentworth? Philip Wentworth was born about 1424 to Roger Wentworth, Esq. (d. 1462) of Parlington, Yorkshire, and Nettlestead, Suffolk, and his wife Margery le Despencer (widow of John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros). Philip would become Usher of the King’s Chamber, King’s Sergeant, Esquire of the Body, King’s Carver, and Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. The Constable of Llansteffann and Clare Castles, Sir Philip was also a Knight of the Shire of Suffolk. Sadly, Sir Philip Wentworth was beheaded 18 May 1464 at Middleham, Yorkshire, three days after his capture during the Battle of Hexham, Northumberland, which marked the end of the Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the War of the Roses. He was in the service of House of Lancaster with the Army of King Henry VI. (The king was his wife’s third cousin once removed; the leader of the Yorkists, King Edward IV, was another family connection.) Mary Clifford was the daughter of John Clifford, 7th Lord Clifford, hereditary Sheriff of Westmorland, who was slain at the Siege of Meaux in France 13 March 1421/22, and supposedly was buried at Bolton Priory, Yorkshire, a great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson of King John I. Sir Philip and Lady Wentworth had three children, two of whom would become the direct ancestors of Harry and Meghan. Clifford’s wife was Elizabeth Percy (d. 1437), whom he married between August 1403 and 5 November 1412, a great-great-granddaughter of King Edward III. Elizabeth married (2) by contract dated 7 May 1426 her cousin Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, who was a Captain in the Marches towards Scotland in 1436.[1] Elizabeth, Countess of Westmorland, was the daughter of Henry “Hotspur” Percy, by courtesy Lord Percy, and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, by his wife Philippa, Countess of Ulster in her own right, a granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Lady Westmorland died 26 October 1436, and was buried at Staindrop, Durham. Mary (Clifford), Lady Wentworth, was buried at the (Blackfriars) Friars Minor at Ipswich, Suffolk; however, the gravesite is no longer visible. Sir Philip and Lady Wentworth had three children, two of whom would become the direct ancestors of Harry and Meghan.[2] Perhaps the engaged couple will make a visit to the tombs of their common ancestors, King Edward III and his queen, Philippa of Hainault, at Westminster Abbey before their upcoming wedding in London. Notes [1] Westmorland’s aunt of the half blood was Lady Cecily Neville, later Duchess of York, mother of King Edward IV and King Richard III, and grandmother of Elizabeth of York, Henry VII’s queen.
21752	yago	1	30	https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-86	en	Elizabeth (Percy) Neville (abt.1395-1436)	https://www.wikitree.com…ges/og-image.png	https://www.wikitree.com…ges/og-image.png	[ "https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/female.gif.pagespeed.ce._HpxLyYvZO.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/6/62/Noland-166.jpg/75px-Noland-166.jpg", "https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/2/2a/Holland-3338.jpg/75px-Holland-3338.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "family tree of Elizabeth Percy", "Elizabeth Neville genealogy" ]	null	[]	1436-10-26T00:00:00	Is this your ancestor? Explore genealogy for Elizabeth (Percy) Neville born abt. 1395 Alnwick, Northumberland, England died 1436 including ancestors + descendants + 4 genealogist comments + more in the free family tree community.	en	/favicon.ico		https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Percy-86	Elizabeth Neville formerly Percy aka Clifford Born about 1395 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England Ancestors Sister of Henry Percy and Roger de Camoys [half] Wife of John Clifford KG — married about 1404 (to 13 Mar 1422) [location unknown] Wife of Ralph Neville — married before 20 Jul 1426 in England Descendants Died 26 Oct 1436 at about age 41 [location unknown] Profile last modified 11 Jul 2024 \| Created 3 Apr 2011 This page has been accessed 14,489 times. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Royal Ancestors 1.2 Parents 1.3 Marriage 2 Sources Biography Royal Ancestors Through her mother: William I, "The Conqueror", King of England[1] - 10th great grandfather. * Henry II, King of England[2] - 7th great grandfather. * Philippe IV, King of France [3] - 4th great grandfather. Edward I, "Longshanks", King of England[4] - 4th great grandfather. Edward III, King of England[5] - 2th great grandfather. * from mother and father due to pedigree collapse Elizabeth Percy[6] d. 26 Oct 1436 bur. St Mary's Collegiate Church, Staindrop, Brancepeth parish, Durham. Died probably at Raby Castle. Parents Sir Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy KG KB and Elizabeth Mortimer (b. 12 Feb 1371 Uske;[6] Father: Sir Edmund, 3rd Earl of March). Issue: Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (b. 03 Feb 1393)[6] Elizabeth Marriage m.1st: (btw Aug 1403 and 5 Nov 1412, probably in 1404) Sir John Clifford,[6] 7th Baron Clifford (b. c. 1390 - d. 1421/2 Meaux). Issue: 4 (2 sons, 2 dau) Thomas, 8th Baron Henry Mary m. Sir Philip Wentworth of Nettlestead Blanche m. Sir Robert Waterton m.2nd: (1426) Elizabeth (as his 1st wife) Sir Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland[6] (contract dated 7th May, license 20 July, retrospective dispensation 28 Nov, 3rd and 4th degrees).[7] Issue: 1 son Sir John m. Anne Holland. No issue. Sources ↑ Great grandfather of Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror) ↑ Great grandfather of Edward I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England) ↑ Maternal grandfather of Edward III of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France) ↑ Grandfather of Edward III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England) ↑ Mahler, Leslie: "Samuel Levis, Quaker Immigrant to Pennsylvania", The Genealogist, Spring 1999, Vol 13, No 1, p. 30-36 (PDF download) ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Collins & Brydges, 1812 ↑ Her husband Ralph later married Margaret Cobham. See also: Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. II p. 246 Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. I p. 507 Ancestral Roots 8th ed. 2004 F.L. Weis Line 26-34 page 36 Collins, A. & Brydges, E. (1812). "Percy, Duke of Northumberland." Collins's Peerage of England Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, (Vol. II. pp. 273). London: F.C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and Son. Google Books. Lewis, M. (n.d.). our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. Web. Richardson, D. (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry, (2nd ed. Vol. I pp. 507). Salt Lake City. Google Books. Richardson, D. (2011). Plantagenet Ancestry, (2ed, Vol. 1, pp. 541) Google Books. TAG 275 Vol. 69 No. 3 Wikipedia: Lady Elizabeth Percy This week's featured connections are Redheads: Elizabeth is 6 degrees from Catherine of Aragón, 19 degrees from Clara Bow, 27 degrees from Julia Gillard, 15 degrees from Nancy Hart, 17 degrees from Rutherford Hayes, 18 degrees from Rita Hayworth, 21 degrees from Leonard Kelly, 17 degrees from Rose Leslie, 20 degrees from Damian Lewis, 20 degrees from Maureen O'Hara, 25 degrees from Jopie Schaft and 20 degrees from Eirik Thorvaldsson on our single family tree. Login to see how you relate to 33 million family members. WIKITREE HOME \| ABOUT \| G2G FORUM \| HELP \| SEARCH IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. © 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.
21752	yago	3	29	https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Hotspur-In-Shakespeares-Henry-IV-0C73EBD1FD049C63	en	Hotspur In Shakespeare's Henry IV - 626 Words			[ "https://assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/logos/bartleby/logo-home.svg", "https://assets.bartleby.com/1.17/images/placeholders/essay_preview.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Free Essay: Throughout Henry IV, Part 1 the character of Henry Percy is a brazen war hero that has been set up from the beginning as one to act first and...				https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Hotspur-In-Shakespeares-Henry-IV-0C73EBD1FD049C63	Throughout Henry IV, Part 1 the character of Henry Percy is a brazen war hero that has been set up from the beginning as one to act first and think later. In the first scenes of the play, his personality and interactions are explosive and fiery, befitting him the nickname of Hotspur. In the crux of Act 2, Shakespeare introduces Kate, the wife of Hotspur, who serves to humanize Hotspur and his glories. In her speech during Scene 3, Kate offers an intimate view of Hotspur that removes him from his main role as a soldier and places him into one of a civilian, allowing the reader to see his character in a new light. Shakespeare uses a spousal point of view offered by Kate’s monologue to emphasize Hotspur as a symbol of war through his inability …show more content… Kate’s monologue highlights the more personable areas of her husband’s character, as his wife, the most intimate relationship he has. In Act 2 Scene 3, Hotspur has just finished discussing a letter from a noble regarding his plans for his rebellion, when his wife enters, and he pays her little regard beyond demanding what she wants. Lady Percy confronts her husband, as he tells her he must leave, with an immediate concern for her husband and his business: “why are you thus alone? / for what offense have I this fortnight been/ a banished woman from my Harry’s bed?” (2.3.32-34). Kate’s immediate concern with her marriage bed implies her husband has been home from battle long enough for them to have been intimate regularly, and the sudden lack of sex concerns her. This obviously intimate beginning to the speech addresses the nature of their relationship to be one were both parties are forward and honest with each other, and as a problem arises Kate can address it. Hotspur has been neglecting his duties as a husband and instead been brooding to himself, robbing Kate of her “rights” as his wife (2.3.40-41). In his neglect of his wife Hotspur allowed his marriage to fall into a state of disrepair since he has been home from war. All Kate asks of her husband is what ails him and his absence from their marriage as
21752	yago	0	0	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/the-mortimers-and-the-tudors/	en	Family Connections: Percy, Mortimer, - and Tudor?	https://www.anneobrienbo…kery-300x200.jpg	https://www.anneobrienbo…kery-300x200.jpg	[ "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Joe-Armstrong-and-Michelle-Dockery-300x200.jpg", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/220px-Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Jane_Seymour_Queen_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project-187x300.jpg", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Hardcover-Book-MockUp2-209x300.png", "https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/wp-content/themes/anneobrien/assets/images/about_anne.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anne O'Brien" ]	2019-03-19T16:35:39+00:00	Queen of the North The two main protagonists in my novel Queen of the North are Sir Henry Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer. For those readers who have a keen enjoyment...	en	https://www.anneobrienbo…h-icon-57x57.png	Anne O'Brien Books	https://www.anneobrienbooks.com/the-mortimers-and-the-tudors/	Queen of the North The two main protagonists in my novel Queen of the North are Sir Henry Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer. For those readers who have a keen enjoyment in following the adventures of the Tudors, is there any connection between this famous pair and the Tudors? Hotspur, Sir Henry Percy, heir to the 1st Earl of Northumberland, needs little introduction, such a dynamic, mercurial, glamorous figure in our history. His father was another Sir Henry Percy who was created Earl of Northumberland on the occasion of the coronation of King Richard II. His mother was Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 2nd Baron Neville of Raby Elizabeth was very much a Plantagenet. Great-grand-daughter of King Edward III, Elizabeth inherited her royal Plantagenet blood through her mother Philippa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence, King Edward III’s second son. Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March. This placed Elizabeth in the centre of the struggle for power for the throne, by the Mortimer claimants, after the death of King Richard II and the usurpation of King Henry IV. All royal cousins, this makes Queen of the North a compelling family saga of power and treason, of betrayal and death. The Mortimer Earls of March had a strong claim to the throne even if it was through the female line of Philippa of Clarence. Nor was Hotspur without his own royal connections. His grandmother was Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, who was grandson of King Henry III and first cousin to King Edward II. Sadly we have no contemporary images of either Hotspur or Elizabeth. Nor are there any written descriptions. It is a matter for our imaginations. This is Joe Armstrong and Michelle Dockery playing the roles in Shakespeare’s King Henry IV Part One in the BBC Hollow Crown Series. I think they look just right! What connection, then, does this dynamic couple have with the Tudors? At first glance, none, since they lived their dramatic lives in the first turbulent decade of the fifteenth century. In fact they have a critical connection. Here it is: Elizabeth Percy, only daughter of Elizabeth Mortimer and Hotspur, married as her first husband John Clifford, Baron Clifford. One of their daughters, Lady Mary Clifford, married Sir Philip Wentworth of Nettlestead in Suffolk. Mary and Philip’s son, Sir Henry Wentworth, wed Anne Say, the daughter of Sir John Say and Elizabeth Cheyney, by whom they had two sons, Richard and Edward, and four daughters. Here comes the vital connection. One of these daughters, Margery Wentworth, married Sir John Seymour ofWulfhall, Savernake Forest in Wiltshire. They had ten children together. One of these children was Jane Seymour, who famously became the third wife and thus queen consort of King Henry VIII. She was mother of King Edward VI. And of course we do have a contemporary portait of Jane Seymour by Hans Holbein the Younger. Thus the far distant Plantagenet blood of Elizabeth Mortimer and Sir Henry Percy ran through the veins of Jane Seymour and her young son. Elizabeth Mortimer and Hotspur provide a splendid story for us in their own right, offering a marvellous window into the ambitions of medieval power-hungry magnates in the years before the Tudors came upon the scene. No less fascinating for all of that.
21752	yago	3	68	https://themortimersblog.wordpress.com/2017/09/21/anne-mortimer/	en	Anne Mortimer	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/14f3995a43e82a235796a074d8f728dda6ea11a40c42e1a39f5bc314799e10f8?s=200&ts=1724221013	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/14f3995a43e82a235796a074d8f728dda6ea11a40c42e1a39f5bc314799e10f8?s=200&ts=1724221013	[ "https://themortimersblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/master-logo-combo-landscape.jpg?w=300", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/14f3995a43e82a235796a074d8f728dda6ea11a40c42e1a39f5bc314799e10f8?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/14f3995a43e82a235796a074d8f728dda6ea11a40c42e1a39f5bc314799e10f8?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-09-21T00:00:00	Anne Mortimer On this day in 1389, the eighth anniversary of her grandfather’s death, Lady Anne Mortimer died. She was the eldest child of Roger Mortimer 4th earl of March and his wife Lady Eleanor Holland. She was born at New Forest, Hampshire.* At the time of her birth, Anne's Father Roger Mortimer was 15…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/14f3995a43e82a235796a074d8f728dda6ea11a40c42e1a39f5bc314799e10f8?s=32		https://themortimersblog.wordpress.com/2017/09/21/anne-mortimer/	On this day in 1389, the eighth anniversary of her grandfather’s death, Lady Anne Mortimer died. She was the eldest child of Roger Mortimer 4th earl of March and his wife Lady Eleanor Holland. She was born at New Forest, Hampshire.* At the time of her birth, Anne’s Father Roger Mortimer was 15 years old and his wife, around 19. Eleanor was the niece of King Richard II by his uterine half-brother Thomas Holland, 2nd earl of Kent who had acted as Roger’s guardian after the premature death of his Father Edmund Mortimer, 3rd earl of March. Roger came of age at nineteen and immediately began a tour of his Irish lands. He had been named as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in childhood, with his illegitimate uncle Sir Thomas Mortimer acting as his deputy until he came of age. During the 1390’s Roger spent much of his time in Ireland and it is likely that all of his children after the second born Edmund were born in Ireland and were to spend their extreme childhoods in there. Roger appears to identified with his Irish subjects and adopted the native Irish custom of dress despite this being illegal. He was killed in an ambush by the O’Brien family near Kells, Co. Meath in July 1398 aged just 24. After the death of her Father, Anne was in the custody of her Mother Eleanor alongside her younger sister. Her brothers, Edmund, now 5th earl, aged 6, appears to have lived in the household of Richard II’s child-Queen Isabella along with his younger brother Richard. Anne and Eleanor lived with their Mother who remarried to Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton in June 1399. Cherleton was a major land holder in Powys, Wales and therefore, a Marcher lord, who already had close connections with the Mortimer family. In 1399 Richard II was overthrown by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke who became Henry IV. The two Mortimer boys Edmund and Roger continued to live in the royal household, alongside Henry IV’s younger children, however well treated they were; they were still prisoners. When Eleanor died in October 1405, King Henry IV made no provisions for Anne or her sister and by all accounts they were left “destitute.” This ill treatment probably stemmed from the fact that Anne’s uncle Sir Edmund Mortimer had allianced himself with Owain Glyn Dwr and married Glyn Dwr’s daughter Catrin in 1402, a day shy of a fortnight later Sir Edmund sent out letters declaring that he would restore Richard II to the throne if he was still alive; if not, then his nephew, Anne’s younger brother Edmund 5th earl was the rightful King of England and Sir Edmund, alongside Glyn Dwr would put him on the throne of England {Glyn Dwr taking Wales}. In July 1403 the Battle of Shrewsbury was fought with Henry IV meeting Henry “Hotspur” Percy and his uncle Thomas Percy, earl of Worcester was executed afterwards. It is presumed that the forced of Sir Edmund Mortimer with Glyn Dwr were to have joined the battle alongside the forces of Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland {Hotspurs Father} who did not get to Shrewsbury in time. It should be remembered that Hotspurs wife was Elizabeth Mortimer, Anne’s aunt and Hotspurs son and heir; Anne’s first cousin. Elizabeth Mortimer was arrested by Sir Robert Waterton in October 1403. On the 13th of February 1405 Edmund Mortimer, 5th earl of March and his younger brother Roger were kidnapped by Constance of York, Lady Despencer, from Windsor Castle. This daring plan may have been instigated by Lady Despencers older brother, Edward, duke of York. She certainly pointed the finger of blame at him and he was to spend time ‘honourably confined’ for ten months after he admitted that he had known of his sisters’ intentions. The plan was to get the two boys to their uncle Sir Edmund Mortimer and his Father in law Glyn Dwr in Wales. Whether Anne’s Mother knew of this plot is not known. Whatever the case; Lady Despencer, her young son Richard, a Welsh squire called Morgan and the two Mortimer boys were captured after a brief fight outside of Cheltenham. The Mortimer boys were then sent to Pevensey Castle under the keeping of Sir John Pelham where they would remain for three years. Shortly after this, in the same month, Glyn Dwr, Henry, earl of Northumberland and Sir Edmund Mortimer reached an agreement known as the ‘Tripartite Indenture’ which was effectively to carve up England and Wales between them, with the Mortimer family taking England, Northumberland taking the north of England and Glyn Dwr taking Wales and much of Herefordshire and Shropshire. Had the Mortimer boys been in the hands of their uncle Edmund and Glyn Dwr at this point in time, much of southern England could have rebelled. All of this may have contributed towards Henry IV’s attitude towards Anne and her younger sister. He may have suspected that they and their Mother had known of the plot. Whatever the truth, the Houses of York and Mortimer appear to have been working together far earlier than scholars tend to acknowledge. Anne married Richard of Conisbrough, the younger brother of Edward duke of York at some point between 1406 and 1408. They married without parental consent, in haste and without informing their closest relatives until afterwards. It may well be that their marriage was agreed upon during the events of 1405. However, they were too closely related to marry without a dispensation, which they had not done, so the marriage was invalid. Perhaps Anne was pregnant at the time of their marriage, or they had fallen in love and would not wait. We do not know. There were no financial benefits to the match for Richard of Conisbrough was as poor as Anne and with two brothers and a sister it was unlikely that she would ever inherit the Mortimer wealth, lands and titles in full, if at all. On May 23rd 1408 Pope Gregory XII granted permission for their marriage and they were forced to live apart for a short while, do penance and then marry again. Their daughter Isabel was born the following year. If there was an earlier child, then Anne either miscarried or the child was stillborn or died in early infancy. There is sometimes a Henry recorded, but this cannot be verified. Perhaps this mysterious Henry was their first child, and named after Henry IV to please him. In early 1409 after a lengthy siege, Harlech Castle in Wales fell. Anne’s uncle Sir Edmund Mortimer had been killed during the siege and his wife Catrin, son Lionel and three daughters were all sent to the Tower of London. It is not known what happened to Glyn Dwr himself, he quite simply vanished into Wales- and history. Anne herself lived at Conisbrough Castle with her husband and daughter in extreme financial straits. Even their home was theirs through the kindness of her brother in law Edward duke of York. The marriage itself however; appears to have been happy. Anne died circa September 22nd 1411 aged 21, giving birth to a son Richard. She was buried at Kings Langley with her husbands parents. In 1877 the tomb was opened and three coffins discovered, two quickly identified as Edmund of Langley and his wife Isabella of Castile. The third, presumed to be that of Anne, revealed a small woman under the age of thirty with long auburn hair. Anne is largely forgotten by history. However, had she of lived to a ripe old age she would have seen her only son Richard become the duke of York as well as the earl of March, and just maybe, she might have seen her grandson Edward, earl of March become King Edward IV. Although she lived for just 21 years, Anne is an ancestor of every King and Queen of Britain from 1509. * Anne’s year of birth is commonly thought to have occurred in 1390 however the family chronicle clearly states that she was born in the 12th year of Richard II’s reign, that is 1389. We have no exact date for Anne’s death but it is presumed to have taken place either during or shortly after the birth of her son Richard on 21st/22nd September. Anne’s parents were underage at the time of her birth and were most certainly not in Ireland. She was born in Hampshire where the Mortimers held lands.
21752	yago	1	26	https://www.goodreads.com/characters/1024684-elizabeth-mortimer-baroness-camoys	en	Profile for Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys from King Henry IV, Part 1 (page 1)			[ "https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/siteheaderbannerimages/1722529902i/427.jpg", "https://s.gr-assets.com/assets/gr/icons/icon_close_white-dbf4152deeef5bd3915d5d12210bf05f.svg", "https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/books/1347520897i/13020._SY75_.jpg", "https://s.gr-assets.com/assets/loading-trans-ced157046184c3bc7c180ffbfc6825a4.gif", "https://s.gr-assets.com/assets/loading-trans-ced157046184c3bc7c180ffbfc6825a4.gif", "https://s.gr-assets.com/assets/loading-trans-ced157046184c3bc7c180ffbfc6825a4.gif", "https://i.gr-assets.com/images/S/compressed.photo.goodreads.com/books/1347810541i/34431._SY75_.jpg", "https://images.gr-assets.com/characters/1569164111p1/1012638.jpg", "https://images.gr-assets.com/characters/1569137516p1/101320.jpg", 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21752	yago	1	51	https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/tag/edmund-mortimer/	en	Edmund Mortimer – Adventures of a Tudor Nerd	https://adventuresofatud…r-nerd.png?w=200	https://adventuresofatud…r-nerd.png?w=200	[ "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/cropped-8cd659f66c14a16bf100c87e155409851.jpg", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/richarddukeofyork-243x300.gif?w=640", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/mw03074.jpg?w=228&h=318", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/mw03072.jpg?w=254&h=331", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/mw05302.jpg?w=247&h=325", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/adventures-of-a-tudor-nerd.png?w=50", "https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/adventures-of-a-tudor-nerd.png?w=50", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-08-15T00:04:04+00:00	Posts about Edmund Mortimer written by hmalagisi	en	https://adventuresofatud…or-nerd.png?w=32	Adventures of a Tudor Nerd	https://adventuresofatudornerd.com/tag/edmund-mortimer/	Also known as Richard Plantagenet. (Born September 21, 1411- Died December 30, 1460). Son of Richard Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. Married to Cecily Neville. Father of Anne, Duchess of Exeter, Edward IV, King of England, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, George, Duke of Clarence, and Richard III, King of England. Richard Duke of York was the one who became Lord Protector to Henry VI, but when he didn’t get the respect he thought he deserved, challenged the king and claimed that he should be king, and started the Wars of the Roses. Richard of York was born on 21 September 1411. He was the son of Richard, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, by his wife Anne de Mortimer, the daughter of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March. Anne Mortimer was the great-granddaughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the second surviving son of King Edward III. After the death in 1425 of Anne’s brother Edmund, the 5th Earl of March, this supplied Richard, of the House of York, with a claim to the English throne that was, under English law, arguably superior to that of the reigning House of Lancaster, descended from John of Gaunt, the third son of King Edward III. On his father’s side, Richard had a claim to the throne in a direct male line of descent from his grandfather Edmund, 1st Duke of York, fourth surviving son of King Edward III and founder of the House of York. Richard’s claim through his mother made him more eligible to be king than Henry VI, thus he adopted the last name “Plantagenet” in 1448 to mark his claim to the throne. Richard’s mother is said to have died giving birth to him and his father was executed in 1415 for his part in the Southampton plot that tried to remove Henry V from the throne and replace him with Edmund Mortimer. His father’s titles were forfeited, but not attainted, which meant that Richard at 4 years old, became his father’s heir. A few months later, Richard’s uncle Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, was slain at the Battle of Agincourt on October 25, 1415. Henry V decided to give the lands of the Duchy of York to Richard. Richard was an orphan and he was considered property of the crown. His wardship was a very valued gift of the crown and it was granted to Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland. Ralph Neville had a large family, 20 children who survived infancy, with many daughters who needed husbands, so in 1424, Neville betrothed Richard to his daughter Cecily Neville. On February 2, 1425, Richard was created Duke of York, after his uncle Edmund Mortimer died. In October 1425, Ralph Neville died and his widow Joan Beaufort was given the wardship of Richard, which was even more valuable since Richard was now the Duke of York. On May 19, 1426 he was knighted at St Mary de Castro in Leicester by John, Duke of Bedford, the younger brother of King Henry V. In October 1429 or earlier, Richard and Cecily were married. York was there for Henry VI’s coronation on November 6, 1430 and he was also at Henry VI’s coronation in France when he became king of France on December 16, 1431. Finally, on May 12, 1432, York was finally given full control over his estates. York was loyal to Henry VI and the Lancasters in the beginning. He worked with John Duke of Bedford, who was the English regent in France. Bedford died in 1435 and York took on the responsibility of being governor of France and Normandy from 1436 to 1437 and 1440 to 1445. At this time, York was neutral in politics, but he seemed to have sided with Humphrey Duke of Gloucester in the idea of continuing the war with France. York wanted to apart of Henry VI’s council, but he was not allowed. On his return to England in 1450 York was seen as the opponent of the Duke of Somerset. He was as popular as Somerset was not and York had powerful allies in the Nevilles. In 1451, there was a claim in Parliament that York should be the next heir to the throne because the king did not have a son. This claim was not taken seriously and the one who proposed this was imprisoned. In 1452, York declared that he wanted to be the next heir to the throne so he summoned an army to march on London. It didn’t go well and York was placed on house arrest for two weeks and then he was forced to give an oath of allegiance to the king and promised that if he did want to pursue his claim, he would do it in a legal manner. In the summer of 1453, York had lost all hope of becoming king and changing the government for the better as Margaret of Anjou became pregnant and the king’s half brother Edmund Tudor married Margaret Beaufort. Then in August of 1453, Henry VI had his first bout with mental illness reared its ugly head. He heard about the Battle of Castillon in Gascony, which ended the English hopes of winning the Hundred Years’ War, sending him into an unresponsive state. The Council decided to elect York as Lord Protector and one of the first things he did was to have Somerset arrested and placed in the Tower. In October of the same year, the son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, Edward of Westminster Prince of Wales, was born dashing York’s chances of becoming the heir by peaceful means. York remained Lord Protector until 1455 when Henry VI recovered. Henry VI released Somerset and basically reversed every decision that York had made while he was Protector. This was the last straw for York. York and his Neville allies, including Richard Neville, Duke of Warwick, marched to St. Albans where they faced off against Somerset and the Lancastrian forces that supported the king. Somerset was killed during the First Battle of St Albans on May 22, 1455, and shortly after, the king had another bout of mental illness. York was declared Lord Protector yet again, but was removed from his post when the king recovered in 1456, but the king had accepted York and the Nevilles as an important part of the government. This reconciliation would not last long. It was then that Margaret of Anjou took up her husband’s cause. She encouraged the new duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort to fight against York. The battlelines were being drawn. The Yorkists were led by Richard duke of York, Richard Neville earl of Salisbury and his son Richard Neville earl of Warwick. The Lancastrians were under Henry VI, but led by Margaret of Anjou, Somerset, and Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland. In 1459, at the battle of Ludlow, the Lancastrians won and sent the Yorkists into hiding; however the Yorkists came back with a vengeance at the battle of Northampton. In 1460 York officially declared his claim to the throne. After much discussion, it was agreed that after the king died, York and his sons would be the heirs to the throne, removing Edward of Westminster from the line of succession. Henry VI seemed to have been okay with this arrangement, but Margaret was beyond upset. She led the Lancastrian forces to face off against York at the battle of Wakefield on December 30, 1460. York and his son Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed in the battle. York was beheaded, his head was put on a spike wearing a paper crown and was displayed over Micklegate Bar at York. Share this: Like Loading... (Born September 16, 1387- Died August 31, 1422). Son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. Married to Katherine of Valois. He only had one son Henry VI. Henry V was a soldier from birth. He did so much for his country, yet he died too soon, leaving his kingdom in the incapable hands of his baby son Henry VI. At the age of fifteen, Henry V fought alongside his father against the Welsh rebels under Owain Glyn Dwr and the English rebels under Edmund Mortimer and Henry “Hotspur” Percy. Henry’s relationship with his father in the later years of Henry IV’s life was not great. The two argued about many issues, but it was mostly about the English involvement in France. Henry IV wanted to press his claim to the French throne while France was in the midst of a civil war between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs; Henry IV supported the Armagnacs while Henry V supported the Burgundians. This issue would never be resolved between them as Henry IV would die in 1413 and Henry V became king. As king, Henry V desired to regain the lands in France that he believed was rightfully his, but unlike his father, he was able to get the full support of Parliament to do so. Henry V tried to negotiate with the French to regain all of the old Angevin Empire, but when that failed, he invaded on August 11, 1415. On October 25, 1415, the Battle of Agincourt took place. Even though the French had the English outnumbered, the English had longbowmen. The French lost some 6,000 men whereas the English only lost 400 men. Agincourt was a tremendous victory for the English, but the French refused to fall. Henry V gained support from Sigismund, the Holy Roman Emperor and John, duke of Burgundy and started a new campaign in August 1417. In the spring of 1419, Normandy fell to Henry V. In May 1420, Henry V signed the Treaty of Troyes with the Burgundians which recognized him and his heirs as heir to the French throne. In order to cement this new alliance, he married the daughter of the French King Katherine of Valois. Everything seemed right in Henry’s kingdom, but he still wanted to gain more French land. In 1421, he went back to France and was able to gain control of the Dauphin’s stronghold of Meaux in May 1422. Unfortunately, in the winter of 142, Henry V fell ill from dysentery and died on August 31, 1422. He left his kingdom in the hands of his infant son Henry VI. Even though Henry V’s reign was one of the shortest of any English king since the Norman Conquest, it was one of the most successful. England was in a position of power on the world stage thanks to the actions of Henry V. Share this: Like Loading... (Born April 3, 1367- Died March 20, 1413). Son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster. Married to Mary de Bohun and Joan of Navarre. He had 7 children with Mary, including the future Henry V. He was the 1st king from the house of Lancaster. Henry was the son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster and was born at Bolingbroke Castle on April 3, 1367. Early in his life, he became one of the Lords Appellant who were opposed to the rule of Richard II. He stepped down from this role in 1389 and in 1390, went on his first adventure, journeying with the Teutonic Knights to Lithuania. Two years later, he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. During this time, he visited numerous courts in Europe and was held in high regards. He was a handsome young man, but it was early in life where Henry’s ill health that plagued him during his reign started to appear. Henry was a good person to help the king, however the only one who failed to realize this was Richard II. He banished Henry in 1398 for ten years, but when John of Gaunt died the following year and Henry became the next Duke of Lancaster, Richard II took all of his lands and banished him forever. This was the last straw for Henry. While Richard was occupied with unrest in Ireland, Henry took his chance and invaded England, forcing Richard to abdicate. The next one in line to the throne was Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, but he was only eight years old, so Parliament agreed that Henry would be a better choice to be king. His reign as Henry IV began on September 30, 1399. However, not everyone was happy with Henry as king. Henry IV’s first rebellion that he had to deal with was by the earls of Kent, Salisbury and Huntingdon, just a month after he became king. Henry took care of this rebellion quickly and violently. It is also believed that this was around the same time that Henry ordered the death of Richard II. A few months after the first rebellion, Henry IV had to deal with a second rebellion in Wales, where Owain Glyn Dwr was declared Prince of Wales in September 1400. This revolt was quickly put down, but Owain evaded capture for several years, leading to guerrilla style warfare. Owain’s supporters grew not only amongst Welsh barons, but English ones as well, including the Mortimers who were upset that Henry was king and not Edmund, who was Owain’s son in law after he married Owain’s daughter. Another supporter was Henry “Hotspur” Percy, the son of the earl of Northumberland who believed that he did not get the recognition that he deserved after he fought against the Scots. These forces came together and fought against Henry at the battle of Shrewsbury on July 21, 1403, where Henry defeated Hotspur easily and killed him. Henry was not going to let the rebel army get away and by 1408, they were all but eliminated. Two years before this, in 1406, Henry IV took James I of Scotland hostage and his young heir was sent to France. James was in the English court for 17 years as a hostage and for that time, the relationships between England, Scotland and France were good. Things were looking up for Henry IV, except for his health. Starting in 1406, his health was in decline and there was a serious concern for his life. He tried to govern, but he became more reliant on his Parliament. In 1409, Henry’s son Prince Henry was made chancellor over Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury. Arundel returned in 1411 when Henry and his council were debating if he should step down in favor of Prince Henry, which Henry refused to do. Henry died in 1413 from some sort of wasting disease at the age of 45. His son Prince Henry would succeed him as Henry V. Share this: Like Loading... (Born January 6, 1367- Died on or about February 14, 1400). Son of Edward the Black Prince and Joan 4th Countess of Kent. Married to Anne of Bohemia and Isabella of Valois. He had no children. Richard II was the second son of Edward the Black Prince, but when his older brother Edward died when Richard was three, Richard became second in line to the throne after his father. When Edward the Black Prince and Edward III died, Richard II became king at the tender age of 10. There was no formal regent that could help guide Richard II, but his uncle John of Gaunt did the best that he could, taking a more active political role. Richard II and his government decided to start taxing the people with poll taxes to pay for the wars in France and the campaigns in Scotland. At first, they were tolerated, but then the people got mad. In June 1381, a man named Wat Tyler had enough and killed a tax collector and raised a force of around 100,000 to march against the king. When the two forces finally met, Wat Tyler was killed by the Lord Mayor of London William Walworth. Richard at the age of 14 stopped the Peasants’ Revolt by promising the people reforms that he, in the end, did not fulfill the reforms. He was the champion of England, but inside his court, things were more divisive. Richard II had two very close advisors, Robert de Vere earl of Oxford and Michael de la Pole. He granted favors upon the two men, causing anger in the court. Richard also sought military glory in Scotland, which ended up being a disaster. To top it all off in 1386, Richard made Robert de Vere duke of Ireland and Michael de la Pole was made a chancellor, without consulting Parliament first. This was the last straw for those who opposed Richard II. They decided to act. Five of his strongest opponents; Thomas duke of Gloucester, the earl of Arundel, Thomas Beauchamp, the earl of Warwick, Thomas Mowbray, and Henry Bolingbroke the son of John of Gaunt, became known as the Lords Appellant. They took over the country and they tried to convince Richard to give up his courtiers. He did comply for a little while, until he became of age. His first wife Anne of Bohemia died in 1394 from the plague, leaving Richard heartbroken. He married his second wife Isabella of Valois as part of a peace treaty with France, strengthening his position in his own country. He went after the Lords Appellant. Most of them were killed, except for Mowbray and Henry Bolingbroke. Mowbray was exiled for life while Henry was exiled for ten years. During his reign “The Canterbury Tales” by Geoffrey Chaucer was published and literature was on the rise. In 1399, John of Gaunt died and instead of pardoning his son Henry Bolingbroke, Richard banished him for life. Richard left later that same year to quell the unrest in Ireland and Henry Bolingbroke took his chance to invade. Richard’s support dwindled and on August 19, 1399, Richard II forfeited to Henry and he was imprisoned in the Tower of London. The next in line for the throne, since Richard II had no children, was Edmund Mortimer earl of March, who was only 8 years old at the time. Parliament did not want a similar situation than the one that they were in, so they forced Richard II to abdicate and on September 29, 1399, Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV. Richard II was moved to Pontefract Castle and on or around February 14, 1400, he died. Some believe that he starved to death as there was no evidence of a physical murder. With Richard II’s abdication and Henry IV’s accession came the rise of the House of Lancaster. Share this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	1	5	https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/percy-elizabeth-1371-1417	en	Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417)			[ "https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Percy", "Elizabeth (1371–1417)English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer." ]	null	[]	null	Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417)English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer. Source for information on Percy, Elizabeth (1371–1417): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.	en	/sites/default/files/favicon.ico		https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/percy-elizabeth-1371-1417	English noblewoman. Name variations: Elizabeth Mortimer. Born on February 12, 1371, in Usk, Gwent, Wales; died in April 1417 at Trotton, West Sussex, England; buried in Trotton; daughter of Edmund Mortimer (1352–1381), 3rd earl of March, and Philippa Mortimer (1355–1382); sister of Edmund Mortimer (1376–1438); married Henry Percy (1364–1403), also known as Harry Percy or Hotspur (son of the 1st earl of Northumberland); married Thomas, 1st baron Camoys; children: (first marriage) Henry Percy (1392–1455), 2nd earl of Northumberland (r. 1415–1455); Elizabeth Percy (d. 1437). A noblewoman and rebel, Elizabeth Percy was immortalized by William Shakespeare as "Kate Percy" in Henry IV. Little historical information has survived about the real Elizabeth. Born into an aristocratic English family, she was the daughter of Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, and Philippa Mortimer , and the great-granddaughter of King Edward III. She thus claimed royal descent on her mother's side and was of Welsh descent on her father's side. Her parents arranged a marriage for her with Sir Henry Percy, the eldest son of the earl of Northumberland. Henry Percy, called Harry "Hotspur" because of his boldness in battle, was an important military leader who aided Henry Bolingbroke's (Henry IV) successful rebellion against King Richard II in 1399. But by 1402, Harry had turned against his former ally. With Elizabeth's support, Harry led a massive rebellion against Henry IV which almost toppled him. This rebellion sought to put Elizabeth's brother Edmund Mortimer on the throne as the rightful heir to England. In 1403, Harry was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury; his death effectively ended the organized opposition to Henry IV's rule. Trying to recover his authority, Henry IV sought to imprison or kill the remaining leaders of the rebels. One of those whom Henry punished was Hotspur's widow Elizabeth, who was arrested shortly after the Battle of Shrewsbury as a traitor to the king. She was eventually released, although she and her two children were stripped of all rights to Hotspur's properties. But Elizabeth, a resilient woman, remained loyal to Hotspur's memory, and managed to have his remains buried in the tomb of the Northumberland family in York Minster. She did remarry, however, probably compelled by need to provide for her own and her children's future. Her second husband was a minor noble, Thomas Lord Camoys, who had served in her first husband's army. Thomas was eventually reconciled to the crown, and was in the English army under Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt in 1413. Lady Elizabeth died four years later at age 46 and is buried next to her second husband in the Church of Saint George in Trotton, West Sussex. sources: Bevan, Brian. Henry IV. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
21752	yago	1	10	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/	en	Elizabeth Mortimer	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…201%2C2201&ssl=1	[ "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cropped-wars-of-roses.jpg", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/lionel-of-antwerp.jpg?resize=201%2C422&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mortimer-family-tree-part-one.jpg?resize=584%2C368&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0030.jpg?resize=584%2C389&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0042.jpg?resize=335%2C503&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DSC_0047.jpg?resize=421%2C632&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Harry-Hotspur-Alnwick.jpg?resize=431%2C574&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Joan-Beaufort.jpg?resize=374%2C521&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/2014/09/white-rose.jpg?resize=226%2C223&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/glossary-of-words.png?fit=282%2C300&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/coin.jpg?fit=223%2C226&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/robert-dudley-mine.jpg?w=580&h=580&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/kingmakers-women.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/medieval-mistresses.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/isabel-de-clare.jpg?w=190&h=190&crop=1&ssl=1", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/image001-1024x206.png", "https://thehistoryjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/image002-1024x204.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-12-05T23:07:34+00:00	Posts about Elizabeth Mortimer written by JuliaH	en	https://i0.wp.com/thehis…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	The History Jar	https://thehistoryjar.com/tag/elizabeth-mortimer/	Lionel (1338-1368) was Edward III’s second surviving son. He was the one who managed to get himself poisoned by his new -in-laws when he went to Milan – not that anything has ever been definitively proved. So far so straight forward. However, this is where Edward III’s descendants start to become less easy to track and the familial intermarriages more complicated. Lionel was married in the first instance to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. It was a marriage designed to provide Lionel with cash. The marriage took place when Lionel was four. Elizabeth was nine. And you probably won’t be surprised to discover that Elizabeth was a grand daughter of Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster – so a great great grand daughter of Henry III. Yet another cousin in other words. There was one child from the marriage – Philippa of Clarence born in 1355. When her mother died in 1363 Philippa became the 5th Countess of Ulster in her own right. Five years later Philippa married Edmund Mortimer 3rd Earl of March in Reading Abbey. Between 1377 and 1388 Philippa now The Countess of March was considered by some sources to be her cousin Richard II’s heir presumptive although Edward III appears to have favoured John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke for this particular position in the hierarchy when it became apparent that he would die before Richard was an adult. Philippa had four children: first was a daughter Elizabeth Mortimer who was born on 12 February 1371. She died in 1417. She married Sir Henry “Hotspur” Percy and they had two children, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Percy who was married into the Earl of Westmorland’s family in a bid to stem the developing feud between the Percys and the Nevilles. Obviously the Percy and Neville links complicate the family story somewhat but illustrates rather beautifully the familial ties that bound the country’s leading families whether they were on friendly terms or not. Her second husband was Thomas de Camoys, and there was another child Lord Roger de Camoys. Philippa’s son Roger Mortimer was born in 1374. He became the 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster. He became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on January 24th, 1382 and was killed at the Battle of Kells in 1398. This was not good news for the Mortimer claim to the throne. His heirs were still children. There’s a further tangle in the skein in that he married Eleanor Holland. She was Joan of Kent’s grand daughter. This meant that Richard II was Eleanor’s uncle and her husband’s first cousin once removed. And just to make things that little bit more Plantagenet Eleanor’s mother was Alice FitzAlan, the daughter of the Earl of Arundel. Alice fitzAlan was also descended from Henry III. If you look at the family tree taken together with the content of the post you will spot that Richard FitzAlan was Eleanor Holland’s Uncle. Philippa Mortimer was some thirty years her husband’s junior. In the next generation Roger Mortimer and Eleanor’s daughter Ann who isn’t on the family tree will marry yet another cousin – Richard of Conisburgh the son of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York – providing the Yorkists with their claim to the throne via Lionel of Antwerp who was Edmund of Langley’s big brother – During the reign of Henry IV, Hotspur would revolt against the man he’d helped put on the throne because the Percy’s didn’t get the recognition they felt they deserved from Henry IV for siding with him, they found themselves out of pocket in terms of military expenses sustained on the borders and in Wales in the Glyn Dwr (Glyndower) Rising and to make matters worse when Edmund Mortimer was captured by Owen Glyndower Henry IV refused to pay the ransom. Ultimately this caused Edmund Mortimer to swap sides and for Hotspur to join with his brother-in-law. No one ever said it was going to be straight forward! On one hand it is relatively straight forward to ascribe a political faction to a person on the other it is more difficult to identify the impact of family dynamics on the decisions taken within a very dysfunctional family and the repercussions of those decisions on the way that extended families related to one another….I don’t know about you but I’m glad I don’t have to work out where they would all sit at a family meal…and we’re still two generations away from the Wars of the Roses. Like this: Like Loading... Warkworth Castle was not always in the hands of the Percy family. It was presented to them in 1332 by Edward III. Our interest today is in the 1st earl of Northumberland who was so created at the coronation of Richard II. The earl’s mother was Mary of Lancaster, a great granddaughter of Henry III. Ultimately the 1st earl sided with his cousin Henry Bolingbroke and helped to topple Richard II from power in 1399. Henry, who had been exiled by Richard II returned to Ravenspur after his father’s death ostensibly to claim the Duchy of Lancaster which Richard had decided to confiscate upon John of Gaunt’s death. Richard II was in Ireland at the time of Henry’s arrival at Ravenspur. Richard returned to England via Wales. He found himself in Conway Castle having a discussion with the Earl of Northumberland and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From there he found himself in the Tower of London, deposed by Parliament on an assortment of charges agains this realm and from there sent to Pontefract where he died- either because he was starved, forgotten about or refused to eat. Henry IV did not see himself as a usurper because legally the throne became vacant when Richard was deposed by Parliament. He had merely stepped up to take the role. As is the way of these things relations soured between the Earl of Northumberland and Henry IV. Given that there were family links as well as ties of affinity and education it is perhaps unexpected. However, this is where the story becomes more complicated and not just in terms of the politics of power. Hotspur was married to Elizabeth Mortimer. The Mortimers were descended from Lionel of Antwerp who was John of Gaunt’s older brother – thus even though the throne may have been legally vacant Henry Bolingbroke really and truly shouldn’t have become king. The title should have gone to the earl of March – Edmund Mortimer- who was the son of Elizabeth Mortimer’s brother Roger who had been killed by the Irish in 1398. Edmund who was a rather youthful eight at the time. Realpolitik must have noted that Richard II’s minority hadn’t been without its issues. Better a grown man than a youth. Now in 1403 the initially pro-Lancastrian Percies needed a reason to turn against Henry IV as they discovered that their courses were not running in parallel. They had initially supported Henry Bolingbroke to regain what was rightfully his but he had then taken matters further and toppled Richard II from the throne – or so they said- demonstrating the History is about stories and that one person’s story is another person’s work of fiction. Having been badly disappointed in Henry IV who had taken what was not his, the Percies now decided that it was only right and proper that they help put Mortimer on the throne. It should be noted that Henry IV had not treated Mortimer or his younger brother badly. They were in receipt of a good education and were, for part of the time raised with the king’s own children. Matters became complicated when Hotspur’s brother-in-law, Sir Edmund Mortimer, managed to get himself captured by Owen Glyndwr and then changed sides – or was at least accused of changing sides by Henry IV. It probably didn’t help when Glyndwr married his daughter to Sir Edmund and that Sir Edmund wrote that his nephew, young Edmund Mortimer was actually the correct king of England rather than Henry IV. The truth is that it was during the fourteenth century that the North of England saw the Percy family expand their territory and their power. The accession of Henry IV saw Percy being made Constable of England. This bred much resentment both nationally and locally. The start of the fifteenth century was a time when the monarch wished to curtail the Percy power base. Meanwhile there were the local politics to contend with – the Nevilles of Raby were snapping at Percy heels. The Percies became increasingly aggrieved. They were irritated because they had not been properly paid for their protection of the Scottish borders, Henry IV had confiscated their Scottish captives after the Battle of Homildon Hill and thus deprived them of rich ransoms, Henry IV was offering favour to men like Neville and also to George Dunbar who had sought exile in England after a slight to his family honour in Scotland. Sir Edmund had been captured in 1402 and had not been ransomed. It could be argued that Sir Edmund had taken steps to gain his freedom when he reached an understanding with Glyndwr. It was at Warkworth that the earl plotted the rebellion that led to the death of his son Henry “Hotspur” at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 and his own exile and loss of title and lands. The key conspirators were related to the Mortimers by marriage: Elizabeth Mortimer was married to Hotspur. Sir Edmund Mortimer was married to Glyndwr’s daughter Catherine. They decided to divide the kingdom in three – Mortimer would rule the south, Glyndwr would rule Wales and the Percies would take control of the North. The earl sent his son Henry and his brother Thomas (the earl of Worcester) on ahead of the earl. They raised their standard at Chester. Dunbar, loyal to Henry IV raised an army as he marched after his Percy adversaries. Hotspur was killed at the battle of Shrewsbury whilst Thomas was executed two days later. Hotspur was initially buried in Whitchurch but when Henry IV heard rumours that Hotspur was still alive he had the body disinterred and then placed between millstones so that it could be viewed. He then had the head displayed on the Micklegate in York. Eventually Hotspur’s remains were entombed in York Minster. Dunbar was created the Earl of the March of Scotland and given Thomas Percy’s estates as a reward by Henry IV. The grief-stricken earl of Northumberland made his peace with Henry IV on that occasion but it was not long before he rebelled once again, fled to Scotland with his grandson and finally returned to die at Bramham Moor. Warkworth did not immediately hand itself over to the Crown. It was briefly besieged although just seven canon shots were required to bring its surrender and then handed into the custody of Henry IV’s younger son John who history would best know as the Duke of Bedford. Eventually when Henry IV died the earl’s grandson who had lived in exile in Scotland was restored to his property although a marriage to Eleanor Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort was negotiated first – in part to keep Ralph sweet as he had acquired much of the Percy lands and offices in the intervening time. For more information on Warkworth follow this link: http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/2879.html Like this: Like Loading... I had thought three parts to this little series but having written today’s post which is largely about the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries I shall be extending it to four parts. Generation 10 of Topcliffe/2 of Alnwick: Henry Percy Junior was only sixteen when his father died in 1314. Initially John de Felton held his lands in ward but by the time he was twenty Edward II had granted Henry more lands in Northumbria than his father held. These had been part of Patrick Earl of March’s territory. Patrick was Scottish and the land offer reflects the way in which northern territories fluctuated between Scotland and England during troubled times. Henry was no more impressed with Edward II’s choice of male favourite than his father had been nor with the foreign policy and military prowess that saw the Scots raiding deep into Yorkshire. In no particular order, Percy conspired against the Despensers and was made governor of both Pickering and Scarborough Castle. The northern Percy powerhouse was further built upon when he married into the Clifford family and Edward III granted him Warkwarth Castle. In 1346 he was one of the English commanders at the Battle of Neville’s Cross near Durham against the Scots which must have been a bit irritating given that he had gone to Scotland in 1327 to help negotiate a peace treaty with them. Generation 3 of Alnwick: The next generation Henry Percy was at the Battle of Crecy – so should probably be regarded as the Hundred Years War Percy. His correct title was the 3rdBaron Percy of Alnwick. His first wife was Mary of Lancaster – the best way of thinking of her is as Blanche of Lancaster’s aunt. Blanche was the first wife of John of Gaunt who is commemorated in the Book of the Duchess by Chaucer and whose land ensured that Gaunt was the wealthiest man in the country. Mary was a daughter of Henry III. With each marriage the Percy family made the wealth and the prestige of the family rose, as did the amount of land that they held and their proximity to the throne. Generation 4 of Alnwick – 1st Earl of Northumberland: The Percy family now found itself elevated to the earldom of Northumberland – after all Mary of Lancaster was a Plantagenet princess so it is only reasonable to suppose that her first born son should have a sufficiently impressive title. The first earl, yet another Henry Percy, was born in 1341. He supported Edward III and then he supported Richard II in his various official capacities on the borders. It was Richard who created him an earl at his coronation in 1377. Unfortunately despite being having been married to Margaret Neville, Percy was distinctly un-amused when his power base was eroded by Richard II who created his rival (and nephew-in-law) Ralph Neville the earl of Westmorland. The First Earl of Northumberland now had a hissy fit because of the creation of the First Earl of Westmorland. He swapped sides. Instead of backing Richard II against his enemies he supported Henry of Bolingbroke, John of Gaunt’s son, against Richard II. Bolingbroke duly became Henry IV and Percy found himself swaggering around with the title Constable of England. Unfortunately in 1403 the earl swapped sides once more. He was slightly irritated by the outcome of the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402. It was an English-Scots match that the English won. Percy stood to make rather a lot of cash from ransoming his Scottish prisoners. Unfortunately Henry IV was feeling the financial pinch and besides which felt that the Percys had too much power in the north. So he demanded all the hostages and gave Percy a fraction of their value. The earl was underwhelmed but didn’t immediately voice his irritation. Having been given the task of subduing the Welsh in 1403, Percy and his son Harry Hotspur now joined with Owain Glyndwr. Hotspur died at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 but Henry IV couldn’t pin anything on the earl who hadn’t taken part in the battle. The most that Henry IV could do was remove the office of constable from Percy who didn’t learn the lesson and continued to conspire against Henry IV. In 1405 Percy decided to take a long holiday in Scotland for the sake of his health. He took Hotspur’s son with him. The earl returned to England in 1408 where he managed to get himself killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor near Tadcaster. This was the final battle in the Percy family rebellion against cousin Henry IV. 2nd Earl of Northumberland: Hotspur’s son another Henry had spent most of his childhood in Scotland because both his father and grandfather were at loggerheads with the monarch. Very sensibly after his grandfather was killed the second earl remained safely in Scotland. It was only when Henry IV died that Henry Percy took the opportunity to be reconciled with the Crown. He was officially recognised as the 2ndearl in 1413. He arrived back in England and settled down to a spot of feuding with his Neville relations. The Nevilles, particularly Richard Neville (aka the Kingmaker) and his father the Earl of Salisbury were associated with Richard of York so naturally the Percy family supported Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset. Ironically the 2ndearl’s mother was Elizabeth Mortimer, the grand-daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, so you would have thought that he would have been more sympathetic to Richard of York who based his claims on his descent from Lionel. Not only that but his return to the earldom had been smoothed by Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. She also arranged his marriage to Eleanor Neville – her second daughter with the Earl of Westmorland – making the Earl of Salisbury Percy’s brother-in-law and the Kingmaker his nephew. Talk about a tangled family web. I’ve blogged about Eleanor Neville and the Battle of Heworth Moor before so there is no need to write about it again. Enough to say that it demonstrates the depths to which the feud had sunk. And things were about to get worse. The earl was born in 1393 and died on 22 May 1455 at the First Battle of St Albans. It was a comprehensive victory for the Yorkists and according to the chronicles of the time an opportunity for Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, to settle some personal scores – the death of the Earl of Northumberland being on his “to do” list. Obviously it didn’t help the relations between the Percy and Neville families as the Wars of the Roses spiralled towards the bloodiest battle in English history. 3rd Earl of Northumberland: Another Henry Percy, swearing vengeance for his father’s death was one of the commanders of the army that surrounded Richard of York and the Earl of Salisbury at Wakefield. The deaths of Richard, his son Edmund and the Earl of Salisbury on the 30 December 1460 were part of the continuing vendetta. The victors of Wakefield were now joined by Margaret of Anjou’s army. They marched south and won the Second Battle of St Albans but stopped short of taking London. Various armies marched back and forth but for the purposes of this post the next time we need to focus is at the Battle of Ferrybridge – 27 March 1461. Northumberland was supposed to stop the Yorkists from crossing the River Aire at Castleford whilst Lord Clifford held Ferrybridge for the Lancastrians. Lets just say that Northumberland arrived at Castleford late allowing Lord Fauconberg and his men to cross the river and come around behind the Lancastrians who retreated to Dintingdale (28th March) where Lord Clifford was killed by an arrow. On the 29thMarch 1461, blinded by a snowstorm the 3rdEarl commanded the van of the Lancastrian army. Closing with the enemy he was killed. Edward IV was now the only king in England and issued an act of attainder against all the Lancastrian nobility who had fought at Towton. Edward now rewarded the Nevilles who supported the House of York and punished the Percys who supported the house of Lancaster. John Neville, Earl of Northumberland. John was the Kingmaker’s younger brother. He was created Earl of Northumberland in 1464 after he had spent three years finishing off the Lancastrian threat in the north. Unfortunately for John, the Kingmaker became increasingly dissatisfied with Edward IV who, in return, became increasingly suspicious of his cousin. In 1470 Edward removed John from post and gave him the tile the Marquis of Montagu and assorted lands to compensate for the loss of the earldom of Northumberland. It did not go down well with the Neville family who did not see any need for the balance of power in the North to be restored by the return of the Percy family. Edward was forced to flee his realm in October 1470 but returned in 1471. John had not regained his title to Northumberland despite his brother effectively ruling England with a puppet king in the form of Henry VI on the throne. Rather than attack Edward when he landed at Ravenspur, Neville simply shadowed the returned Yorkist king. Ulitmately Neville would died at the Battle of Barnet along with his brother. 4th Earl of Northumberland: Henry Percy (what a surprise) was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison in the aftermath of Towton (he was about 12 at the time) and from there he was sent to the Tower in 1464. In 1469 after swearing fealty to Edward IV he was released. He then set about trying to get his estates returned. He petitioned for the reversal of his father’s attainder though this was not granted by Parliament until 1473. Interestingly his wife was Maud Herbert, the girl who Henry Tudor should have married had events not unfolded as they did in 1470. They had eleven children. Henry Percy went back to doing what the Earls of Northumberland had been doing for a very long time – i.e. ruling vast tracts of land and skirmishing with the Scots. He held many of the important government posts in the north of England which were traditional in his family including from 10 May 1483, as protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, confirmed the fourth earl of Northumberland’s appointment as warden-general of the east and middle marches ‘during the space and time of a whole year’, after which it was renewed for five months but perhaps it would appear not as much power from Richard III as he had hoped. Naturally enough he fought at Bosworth where he commanded the right wing of Richard III’s army. The Percys were naturally Lancastrian by inclination. Percy’s father and grandfather had died for Henry VI. Some historians says that Percy betrayed Richard III by holding his forces back from action. Percy’s northern levies weren’t committed to the battle. If Northumberland had been a metaphorical spoke in Richard’s wheel he wasn’t very well rewarded by Henry Tudor who now became Henry VII. Northumberland, along with the earls of Westmoreland and Surrey was taken into custody and kept in prison for several months, being released only under strict conditions of good behaviour. He was restored to his position as warden but with curtailed powers. Henry may not have trusted him but Percy knew how to protect England’s northern border. He was also at hand to help defeat the Yorkist forces that gathered during the Lambert Simnel rebellion in 1487. In 1489 Northumberland was part of the king’s administration gathering £100,000 of tax. This led to the Yorkshire Rebellion. Northumberland had to deal with the resistance of Yorkshiremen to the tenth of incomes demanded for Henry’s Breton war and for the raising of a force against the Scots. Things can’t have gone well for the Earl as his own tenants were up in arms. He was so alarmed that on Saturday, 24 April, he wrote to Sir Robert Plumpton from Seamer, close to Scarborough, ordering him to secretly bring as many armed men as he could to Thirsk by the following Monday. It didn’t do him much good. On Wednesday, 28 April, having gathered a force estimated at eight hundred men, he came into conflict with the commons, whose ringleader was one John a Chamber, near Thirsk, at a place variously called Cockledge or Blackmoor Edge, and was killed. Popular history claims it wasn’t so much the tax collection that irritated the locals as the fact that as good Yorkshire men their loyalty lay with Richard III. Like this: Like Loading... Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (born in 1391), was descended from the second surviving son of King Edward III – Lionel of Antwerp. Lionel had only one legitimate child (well at least that’s straight forward). Her name was Philippa. Her mother was Elizabeth de Burgh, Daughter of the Earl of Ulster. Edmund is not a York claimant to the throne. He is a Mortimer claimant – but he is the link that takes us from the Mortimers to the House of York. Philippa, Lionel’s daughter, married Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March – his grandfather had run off with her great-grandmother (Isabella of France) and plotted to overthrow and possibly murder her great-grandfather (Edward II). Philippa had four children. The one we are interested in for the purposes of this post is her eldest son Roger although the others will get a mention before the end. He became the 4th Earl of March as well as Earl of Ulster. So far so good – the Mortimer claim to the succession is good – though female in origin. There are no Salic Laws in England to prevent a female claim to the throne. Henry IV tried to argue that his claim was better than Philippa’s and her descendents because he was a male. However, this was the same man who fought in France basing the English claim to the French throne on the fact the Edward III was Isabella of France’s son. When Charles IV of France died, Isabella and her descendants were the next closest claimants to the French throne – a fact which the French refused to accept based on their Salic Law. Henry IV was essentially trying to have his cake and eat it. But back to the Mortimers – Roger, Philippa’s son, married Eleanor Holland- who adds to the blue blood running through the veins of the Mortimers with the blood of the Earls of Arundel and Henry III. Roger, managed to get himself killed by the Irish when young Edmund, who this blog is about, was just six. This was unfortunate because Roger Mortimer’s claim to the throne was better than that of Henry Bolingbroke who went on to become King Henry IV. Roger was descended from the second son of Edward III while Henry was descended from the third son- John of Gaunt. Richard II had recognized Roger as heir to the throne in 1385 according to one source. Other accounts suggest that Roger was walking a difficult tightrope in his cousin Richard II’s affections from which he could have easily fallen. Certainly after Roger’s death Mortimer’s lands were swiftly set upon by an avaricious king (Richard II as averse to Henry IV who was just as bad so far as Mortimer land was concerned). Things went from bad to worse after Henry Bolingbroke usurped the throne. Edmund (now the 5th Earl of March) and his younger brother Roger became royal wards – they were in line for the succession after all and family as well… In reality, they were largely brought up in Windsor as prisoners. Edmund was not permitted anywhere near his estates. Henry IV did have reason to feel nervous of the Mortimers. The boys had an uncle- helpfully also called Edmund- who felt that young Edmund had a better claim to the throne than Henry. Uncle Edmund felt so strongly about it that he joined up with Owain Glyndwr to rebel against Henry IV. Elizabeth Mortimer- the 5th earl’s aunt, wasn’t to be trusted either. She had been married to Henry “Hotspur” Percy who had died at the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). In short Henry IV must have looked at his Mortimer cousins and regarded them as treacherous nuisances. Just to complicate things that little bit further another cousin, Constance Plantagenet who was the daughter of Edmund of Langley, the 4th surviving son on Edward III, attempted to free Edmund and Roger Mortimer from Windsor in 1405. She thought if she could get them to Wales and Glyndwr that Edmund could be declared king. She wasn’t terribly keen on Henry IV although she’d kept her feelings hidden long enough to be trusted to care for Edmund and Roger. She was the widow of Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester who was executed for treason in 1400. Cousin Constance managed to get the two boys as far as Cheltenham before Henry IV caught up with them. What a happy family reunion it must have been for all concerned! Things changed somewhat when Henry V ascended the throne in 1413. Edmund was knighted and finally allowed to inherit his estates. He married Anne Stafford, the daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and appears to have done so without asking Henry V’s permission because he was fined a huge amount of money for doing so. Interestingly there is no evidence that it was paid. In any event the 5th Earl of March, perhaps because of his somewhat dysfunctional childhood and adolescence, was a loyal and quiet subject to the Lancastrian Henry V before he died of plague in Ireland – and I’m sure by this stage you’re just as pleased as the regency council of baby Henry VI must have been- without any heirs. Edmund’s younger brother Roger also died without an heir. So that was that, so far as a direct Mortimer claim to the throne was concerned. However, a claim remained within the family – (I’ve nearly arrived at the York claim to the throne – hurrah!) Roger, the 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland had four or five children – Edmund, the 5th Earl who died without an heir in 1425; Roger who died sometime around 1410 without an heir; Eleanor who did get married but when widowed became a nun – died without an heir; Alice, who according to Alison Weir might not even have existed and finally the eldest child of the family – Anne Mortimer. Perhaps Henry IV would have been better locking her up because she married another cousin – Richard, Duke of Cambridge the son of Edmund of Langley. Edmund of Langley (the fourth surviving son of Edward III) was also the Duke of York. Richard’s sister was the rather daring Constance who managed to extract two small boys from their imprisonment in Windsor and get to Cheltenham with them before she was caught. If Plantagenet family gatherings look as though they might have been somewhat difficult by the time of Henry VI’s birth in 1421 it is also worth remembering that Richard, Duke of Cambridge was part of the Southampton Plot of 1415. The plan was that the plotters would get rid of Henry V and replace him with Richard’s brother-in-law – i.e. Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund may have been involved in the plot up to his neck or there again he might not. The information is lost somewhere down the back of the sofa of history. Clearly Edmund got to thinking about the chances of the plot succeeding. He didn’t have to worry about hurting his sister’s feelings. She’d died four years previously. Edmund went to see Henry V to tell him all about the plot. Richard of Cambridge was executed. However – Anne Mortimer left a son called Richard. He became Duke of York and never forgot that his claim to the throne was much better than that of King Henry VI. Like this: Like Loading...
21752	yago	2	86	https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9910112112102121	en	The first part of King Henry the Fourth with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur	https://web.library.wisc…avicon-32x32.png	https://web.library.wisc…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://search.library.wisc.edu/assets/document/video-b595c1359ae71b5257ef13c2303b3d7ad5841ca7af103a2fbd70f04eb10f8bdd.svg", "https://search.library.wisc.edu/assets/gbs_preview_button-ca6001e18294d475cffa1946c53714f6d9113820986b7ff9b0e052b423642576.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://web.library.wisc…e-touch-icon.png		null	After the murder of Richard II, Henry assumes the throne, and is immediately confronted with rebellion by Owen Glendower, Douglas of Scotland, Northumberland and his son Hotspur. The play also treats the moral development of the king's son Hal (later Henry V) as he appears to waste his youth in London taverns in the company of the irresponsible Sir John Falstaff.
21752	yago	0	27	https://www.monchique.com/Ochanoff/ohanov/graham-thomas/10038.htm	en	Elizabeth MORTIMER			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Family Links Spouses/Children: 1. Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir Elizabeth PERCY+ Elizabeth MORTIMER Born: 12 Feb 1371, Usk, Monmouthshire, Wales Marriage (1): Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir Died: 20 Apr 1417 aged 46 Buried: St. George's Church, Trotton, Sussex General Notes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Mortimer Elizabeth Mortimer, Baroness Camoys (12 February 1371 '96 20 April 1417) was an English noblewoman, the granddaughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, and great-granddaughter of King Edward III. Her first husband was Sir Henry Percy, known to history as 'Hotspur'. She married secondly Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys. She is represented as 'Kate, Lady Percy,' in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1, and briefly again as 'Widow Percy' in Henry IV, Part 2. Elizabeth married Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir, son of Henry PERCY 1st Earl of Northumberland and Margaret NEVILLE. (Henry (Hotspur) PERCY Sir was born on 20 May 1364 in Northumberland, England and died on 21 Jul 1403 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.)
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complete profile", "Brad Verity" ]	null	This blog's focus is on medieval and peerage genealogy. It chronicles my madcap research into the Descendants of Edward I of England, with an emphasis on 1300-1500. Follow me as I library dive into the published chancery rolls, visitation pedigrees, and peerage works of the 19th century, and try to mold it in with the explosion in historical research into medieval England that's occurred in the last fifty years.		https://royaldescent.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		https://royaldescent.blogspot.com/2010/02/	This blog's focus is on medieval and peerage genealogy. It chronicles my madcap research into the Descendants of Edward I of England, with an emphasis on 1300-1500. Follow me as I library dive into the published chancery rolls, visitation pedigrees, and peerage works of the 19th century, and try to mold it in with the explosion in historical research into medieval England that's occurred in the last fifty years.
21752	yago	3	72	https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/ugoretz15/author/vaughntitus1721/	en	Vaughn Titus – Art is About Not Knowing Where You Are Going	https://files.eportfolio…_NEW-favicon.png	https://files.eportfolio…_NEW-favicon.png	[ "http://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/ugoretz15/files/2015/08/Screen-Shot-2015-08-09-at-4.01.16-PM.png", "https://files.eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5099/2015/10/16072719/lolol-300x200.jpg", "https://files.eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5099/2015/10/16072754/physgraffiti.jpeg", "https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/ugoretz15/wp-content/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/dist/images/gdpr-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Vaughn Titus" ]	null		en	https://files.eportfolio…_NEW-favicon.png		null	When I walked inside, I immediately saw the half court line, the cameras up above, and realized that this warehouse used to be a basketball court. I thought it was funny that a court used for coaches to make basketball plays was where new actors and writers would make plays. I thought the mise en scene was very interesting and very hip. It felt very chill and I thought it was interesting how they had the steel drums and a dj on the side to add to the play. In regards to the actual play, until the end, I was fearing whether the actors were actual prisoners or not. Then, when I looked in the cast and saw the guards were actors, I found it very interesting. I found it interesting first that the guards were sort of “patriarchal” in my head, always watching over these women as they were acting, watching over them making sure no one did anything. In a play of all women, the only men were guards. That may have been by accident but nothing ever is. I think it was a symbol of patriarchy, if anything, unless this was completely by accident. Also, the fact that they were acting Henry IV in the prison made me wonder if the “accidents” were on purpose or not. They were very good but I wondered if the actors’ slips were purposeful or if they were just actual slip-ups. The actual slip-ups happened when Hal called the mistress lady a “cunt” and was insulting her for being their “whore” in the play and when Hal and King Henry were having a father-son talk until Falstaff came in playing something in a comedic manner. I feel like they were intentional, however, to take us out of the play and bring us back to the reality of the prison. Especially with the ending scene of lockdown, I think the play is supposed to bridge the two to show that the prisoners can put on a show as such but also, they are prisoners and Lloyd always reminds of as such. Towards the actual plot and the writing, I thought it was brilliantly written. I thought it was interesting how in the beginning scene, Clare Dunne (Hal) exclaims that she is being released in 3 weeks with a lot of energy. She is almost about to be released, as her character Hal is the heir to the throne. It brings forth how she is always going to leave so in the end, she reigns on top of the other characters as the king and as the next one to leave prison. Also, although it is supposed to be a Shakespearian play, there are a lot of modern twists. For example, instead of battling with swords or even an old gun, they have nerf guns/fake guns and a fake knife and fake money. This takes us out of the play’s false reality and brings us back to the reality of the prison, to further convey that these are props on a set for a prison play. Also, when they draw out the maps to split land between Henry Percy, Glendower, and the other character they were dividing land with, they used spray cans and string to divvy up the lands instead of having an actual map, which again brings us back to the reality that they are in prison. To bridge the gap between prison life and this Shakespearian play takes a brilliant writer and I think Lloyd wrote this beautifully. My last point is in regards to the overarching fact that the play is of all woman characters. These women portray the men and women of the play. However, the only real women that were played by women were treated so poorly. The play Henry IV’s main women are Lady Percy and the hostess lady. Lady Percy is, domestically, treated poorly and abused verbally frequently by Hotspur when all she wants is his love and affection. Lady Percy stays at home with their kids while Hotspur goes out trying to be king but he shows no affection to his wife or children when he’s at home. In the play, Lady Percy says that Hotspur hasn’t slept well, hasn’t eaten well, and they haven’t had sex in a while. He’s neglecting her and when she tries to confront him and ask questions about his whereabouts and what he has been doing, he ignores her and just asks for their maid to get the horse. Even when threatening to hurt his penis, he just attacks her verbally saying he doesn’t love her and his true ambition is to be king. He says only when he is king, he will love her. He only treats his wife as if she is second to his true ambitions, or even third if you may. He doesn’t trust her at all and he doesn’t want to satisfy her obvious sexual needs. In regards to the hostess, she is basically Falstaff and Hal’s whore in their household and is treated only as if she is a whore just there to clean, cook, and fulfill their sexual desires. I feel that when she stormed off stage in tears, it showed not just her offense to Falstaff’s comments, but it showed how she really felt being their whore and servant as a woman. The only two women in the play were treated as almost less than human, unable to do anything except be subservient to their male master/husband. This displays the role of women in the Renaissance and in England. That was the most important theme to me; that even in a play of women, they were still subservient and forced to comply to the orders of men, even though the men were women. That made the play even more powerful to me and it showed the real power of patriarchy in one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays. It further displays how opinionated Shakespeare was, how ahead of his time he was, and how brilliant of a writer he was. In closing, even though I wasn’t supposed to write an essay, I think this play was very interesting to me. I won’t lie but it’s the only show we’ve been to that I could stay awake for the whole thing so I didn’t miss a single beat. Every line, punchline/joke, and every metaphor was deeply understood by me, even though it went by very fast. I didn’t always understand their English but I understood quite a bit. I really loved this and this play, so far, was my favorite seminar production that I’ve ever been to. It was so amazing, well-written, and powerful. The only thing I would change is add more prison scenes to bring us even further into the reality of them being in prison. Also, although she was ill, Susan Wakoma’s script in hand took away a bit for me. However, I will forever love when she threw the script away so passionately and spoke the rest of her lines in the Hotspur/Lady Percy scene. I give this play 8.99/10 fake guns for it’s amazing writing and wonderful acting. I thoroughly enjoyed this play. My ballet experiences have been nothing but dreadful for my entire life. I was not a big fan of ballet or dance in general. I would always respect the ability, athleticism, and compassion of the dancers but I have never really have an “enjoyable” time watching a ballet, or dance in general. I never seemed to find a purpose in any type of dance except for it’s beauty. I couldn’t fathom what so many people but me enjoyed about ballet. However, in this ballet, I was so intrigued. I will not lie; I did find myself bored at times but also, I was very impressed and sucked in to the intensity of the ballet. The binoculars helped me a lot to see everyone in the orchestra and in the show. I got to see the concertmaster, the clarinet section, the times the orchestra would talk. I even saw the fly-aways of the concertmaster and the conductor. It helped keep this ballet interesting for me, especially since I am one to lose interest quickly and nod off. The orchestra, for me, was the best part of the ballet. They exhibited certain qualities of an orchestra that show how professional they were and how ridiculously good they were. First, they were never “loud”, almost like very loud noise that disrupts you. They had such amazing dynamics and contrast in every style. When dancers were on their tip-toes or performing very delicate maneuvers, the orchestra had amazing articulation, almost accenting every step in the proper way for the move. I also think that their control of how soft and loud they were was very exceptional, which ties in with that they were never loud. It seemed as though even when they were forte, they were not blasting or too loud. In a lot of high school and middle school and even in college bands/orchestras, their age shows through the control, intonation, and the dynamics of the group. However, this professional orchestra amazed me in every way. The introduction to the second movement of the show was one of my favorite parts of the show. The clarinet and oboe and the violins had a particular soli that was absolutely beautiful. It was very pretty and had interesting lines that showed how modern it was. It foreshadowed the “weirdness” but more-so the modern style/costumes the dancers would portray/wear. No matter how much I loved the orchestra in the second movement, I loved the third movement the most. I didn’t get the program for the ballet but it felt good to assume what this was about. The first scene and last scene confused me greatly but I loved the warfare scenes and the dancer representing death/war in some way. I really enjoyed the repetition of the dance moves and all of the dancing in that part. The dancers made it clear what was happening in every scene without spelling it out to us. The pianists were also crazy good and their dynamics were very good. They had very good verbal & non verbal communication and I respected their musicianship greatly. In general, after walking by Lincoln Center every day to go to school, I never thought I would be ever so intrigued in one if it wasn’t for jazz or a musical. However, I was rather pleased with the American Ballet Theatre’s performance and I respect their artistic ability. Although I can never, ever do what they did that night, I can understand and see that they are some of the best dancers in the world.
21752	yago	3	7	https://theidlewoman.net/2013/08/04/henry-iv-parts-1-and-2-2/	en	Henry IV: Parts 1 and 2 (c1597): William Shakespeare	https://theidlewoman.net…08/henry4_02.jpg	https://theidlewoman.net…08/henry4_02.jpg	[ "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/logo_mini.png?w=100", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henry4_02.jpg?w=620&h=388", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/3de4b-henry4_04.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henry-iv.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henry-iv-1-031.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/f9a7a-henryivpt2_03.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henry-iv-1-021.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henry-iv-2.jpg?w=620", "https://theidlewoman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/henryivpt2_05.jpg?w=620", "https://www.netgalley.com/badge/9c50e81c4f462860fe2b5077a8abf5faa24f2a5b", "https://www.netgalley.com/badge/8727e98d324b0ded4c96babc8b349a4827ce6256", "https://www.netgalley.com/badge/5d72891c5c5a809d403888b39ec2cdeb7ae762e2", "https://www.netgalley.com/badge/7ddc17cb0f37f47042cf88fddc2808d309770a86", "https://www.netgalley.com/badge/0b947a165852c80a74eac13413d6e087b57075a2", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2013-08-04T00:00:00	In the wake of Henry V, I ventured back to the two instalments of The Hollow Crown which I should have watched before: Henry IV Parts 1 and 2. These were entirely new to me: I had never seen them before, either on the stage or on screen, and never read them either. I've always…	en	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	The Idle Woman	https://theidlewoman.net/2013/08/04/henry-iv-parts-1-and-2-2/	In the wake of Henry V, I ventured back to the two instalments of The Hollow Crown which I should have watched before: Henry IV Parts 1 and 2. These were entirely new to me: I had never seen them before, either on the stage or on screen, and never read them either. I’ve always felt a little daunted by the history plays in general, and I steered particularly clear of anything with multiple parts (Henry VI Parts 1, 2 and 3 remain to be tackled on a future occasion). As the two plays form two halves of the same story and have the same cast, I wanted to deal with them together – and yet to consider each separately. Henry IV: Part 1 · Henry IV Part 2 HENRY IV: PART 1 ★★★★ Yet herein will I imitate the sun, Who doth permit the base contagious clouds To smother up his beauty from the world, That when he please again to be himself, Being wanted, he may be more wonder’d at, By breaking through the foul and ugly mists Of vapours that did seem to strangle him. (Hal, Act I, Scene 2) King Henry IV is disappointed in his eldest son. Fifteen years into his reign, the effects of his usurpation rumble on, as the nobles who helped him to power resent the firm hand of his rule. The country’s security rests on a knife edge: the Scots are causing unrest in the north, while Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, makes common cause with the troublesome Welsh, led by Owen Glendower. The one person who is fighting to preserve the realm, as far as Henry can see, is Harry Percy – nicknamed Hotspur. This fiery young man is the same age as Henry’s wayward Hal, but while the one wins great victories and takes prisoners, the other spends his days distracted by bad company in the stews of Cheapside. But soon even Henry’s fantasy son disappoints him: Hotspur refuses to give up his lucrative prisoners to the king for ransom and, on being commanded, storms off to throw in his lot with his brother-in-law Mortimer. Rumours of the discontent even reach young Hal, in his usual place at the Boar’s Head Tavern, surrounded by his merry, irresponsible friends – Falstaff, Bardolph, Poins, Mistress Quickly and Doll Tearsheet. As the country comes to arms, Hal realises that the time has come for him to shrug off his idleness and take his place at the right hand of the king – showing his father that Hotspur is not the only worthy Harry in the kingdom. The budget is still pretty limited – whenever there’s a battle, as I noted with Agincourt, there’s only ever about fifty people on the field – but the production values are impressive. There may not be much, but what there is looks good, solid and convincing. The Boar’s Head Tavern is a great set and always populated with lots of roistering low-lives; the battles are satisfyingly violent and gritty; and Tom Hiddleston’s Hal, on the field at Shrewsbury, is virtually unrecognisable under layers of mud, blood and chainmail. Furthermore, I’m consistently amazed at the cast they’ve managed to assemble. There are plenty of familiar faces: this is the BBC at its best, marshalling the premier league of character actors. Top of the billing is Jeremy Irons, whom I always find gripping, and who is here gruff and bearlike as Henry IV. Simon Russell Beale plays Falstaff, a character who actually surprised me by being far more calculating and subtly unpleasant than I’d expected: knowing Falstaff only by hearsay, I thought he was just a cheerful fat drunkard, and I was (pleasantly) surprised to find him much more complicated than that. He’s a clown in many ways – pompous and self-important – but he’s also a deeply pernicious influence on young Hal: out for all he can get, for the smallest possible amount of effort. As for Hotspur: I don’t know how he’s usually played, but I thought that Joe Armstrong was a bit too blunt and sullen to command the kind of respect that he has from his followers. He was good at striding around shouting, but I didn’t see a great leader in him. (Amusingly, his on-screen father Northumberland was played by his real-life father, Alun Armstrong.) All other parts were well-played; although, being of a flighty turn of mind, I was easily distracted by the appearance of actors whom I know better from other things. For example, Owen Glendower disconcertingly turned out to be Robert Pugh: Craster from Game of Thrones, while his ally Mortimer was played by Harry Lloyd, another graduate of the School of Unpleasant Westerosi Deaths (as Viserys Targaryen); Lady Percy, Hotspur’s wife, was Michelle Dockery of Downton Abbey fame (I couldn’t help thinking she’d make a fine Lady Macbeth one day). I’m aware that, as a lover of so many Shakespeare plays, it makes me look ignorant to admit that this is the first time I’ve seen Henry IV; but all I can say is that it was definitely worth the wait, and so much more fun than I’d expected. And I’d never realised that Hal plays such a large part in these plays. I’d always thought that his escapades with Falstaff were a comic sideshow, prior to him coming into his full glory in Henry V, but in fact Henry IV is as much Hal’s story as it is Henry’s. This is the story of youthful folly, repentance and rehabilitation: the boy is nowhere near as much of a fool as everyone thinks he is, and he’s just waiting for his moment to show his quality. I actually liked Tom Hiddleston even more as Hal than as Henry V – and I liked him well enough there, though I sometimes felt he was concentrating so hard on the verse as to make his performance strikingly understated and calm. But here he was largely freed from iambic pentameter and given the chance to revel in prose. He also got to show off more of his abilities as a physical and emotional actor, and this is the area where he really shone for me. He suggested Hal’s underlying psychology and the depth of his intelligence, while on the surface he cavorted with his friends: one minute a drunken madcap; the next giving an impressively accurate impression of Jeremy Irons’s king. That scene, in which he and Falstaff role-play Hal’s eventual return to court to see his father, was wonderful. As Hal played the king, you could gradually see his levity seep away as, through imagining his father’s words, he grew to understand the good sense of them, and to question his attachment to Falstaff – even as Falstaff stands before him. And so, Hal goes to the wars with his father and, in the final act, comes face to face with Hotspur, as dramatic license demands. The two Harrys meet in single combat and Hal fights not only for his life but for his good name, against the man whom his father once publicly desired to have as son instead. Each blow Hal strikes is not only for himself, but for his crown and kingdom: I am the Prince of Wales; and think not, Percy, To share with me in glory any more: Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere; Nor can one England brook a double reign. (Hal, Act V, Scene 2) HENRY IV: PART 2 ★★★½ O sleep! O gentle sleep! Nature’s soft nurse, how have I frighted thee, That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down And steep my senses in forgetfulness? … Wilt thou upon the high and giddy mast Seal up the ship-boy’s eyes, and rock his brains In cradle of the rude imperious surge… And in the calmest and most stillest night, With all appliances and means to boot, Deny it to a king? Then, happy low, lie down! Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. (Act III, Scene 1) King Henry IV is dying. As he grows frail from apoplexy, he frets over the future of the realm. For all that Hal has proved his mettle at the Battle of Shrewsbury, he still goes off cavorting in London with unsuitable friends like Poins. For Henry, there is an unwelcome juxtaposition between Hal and his more dutiful, sober younger brothers; but, having come by the crown by irregular means himself, he must ensure that it passes in smooth succession to his eldest son, and so he must hope for the best. To make matters worse, the realm is far from peaceful in the aftermath of Hotspur’s death. His father Northumberland itches for vengeance, and the northern lords grieve the loss of their charismatic young leader. Even the Archbishop of York has lent his support to Northumberland, and incipient rebellion simmers in the air. While Henry worries and weakens, Hal himself is facing his own difficult decisions. He is becoming aware that his youthful follies mean that the nobles and advisers of the realm think him weak, misguided and easily swayed. Moreover, he soon discovers that his former ‘friends’, such as Falstaff, think the same of him, stringing him along in the hope of future gain and power. Hal weighs fleeting pleasure and false friendship against the call of duty; and, when the crown finally comes to him, he puts off his youthful frivolities and decides to become the kind of king that will make England proud of him. Once again, I watched this blind, without knowing the text or the story; and I actually enjoyed this less than the first part. This may have been partly due to the cutting or editing: I thought the narrative was weaker and the scenes jumped around all over the place. There were also more self-consciously comic scenes of the kind that always set my teeth slightly on edge (I think of them as ‘Dogberry’ scenes). For example, the scene of Falstaff reviewing Sir Robert Shallow’s recruits for the militia; or the scene where Pistol blunders into the Boar’s Head tavern and causes a brawl… Both of these, in the edited adaptation, felt extraneous. Generally speaking, the different threads of story came together more successfully in the second half of this part, as Hal faces up to his destiny and decides to put aside his former friends. I have to say that I thought he was slightly cruel in this – his displeasure falling on people like Mistress Quickly and Doll Tearsheet, whose only faults were in running the places he liked to go – but I can’t say that I felt sorry for Falstaff, even though Simon Russell Beale played the final scenes marvellously, conveying Sir John’s dazed disbelief and the puncturing of all his hopes. The cast was much the same as in the first part, although here there were more unexpected faces popping up: Geoffrey Palmer as the Lord Chief Justice; but, most distractingly, Ian Glen as Warwick, who looked and sounded exactly the same as he does as Jorah Mormont. Jeremy Irons continued to be very fine; and although Tom Hiddleston didn’t get quite as much range here – with fewer rambunctious scenes and greater gravity – he was still impressive. There are still moments where he audibly speaks in verse, when actors like Irons or (the nonpareil) Kenneth Branagh can make iambic pentameter as unobtrusive as everyday speech, but any slight stiffness in the recitation was balanced out by the sheer quality of his emotional acting. The scene I found most touching was the moment after he thinks his father has died, when he takes the hated crown and, placing it on his head, curls up in the throne – the camera is right up in his face, and you can just watch his poise slowly crumple and his eyes filling with tears as the enormity of the situation dawns on him. And yet, moments later, it turns out that he’s been mistaken – his father wasn’t dead, merely deeply asleep, and when Henry storms in and finds Hal enthroned and crowned, the sheer shock and awkwardness of it is almost painful. I hope Hiddleston gets to do more like this in the future – he’s very easy on the eye, but he also seems to have a kind of emotional intelligence that not many actors of my generation do. Plus, he doesn’t have conventional square-jawed good looks: his face is more striking and should mean that he gets to do more interesting character work rather than just being pigeonholed as a romantic lead. Let’s hope. Oh, and by the by: this adaptation moves Act II, Scene 2 from ‘London. Another street’ to a bathhouse, so those of an excitable disposition should be warned that you do get to see slightly more of Hal and Poins than Shakespeare intended (indeed, judging by the Google Image results for the programme, this scene struck a lot of people). But let’s try to end on a slightly more elevated note. We leave Hal as a newly-crowned king: the young Henry V, whose deeds we will shortly see much more of (or we would, if we were watching this in the right order; being of a contrary nature, I’m not). Turning to his grieving brothers, he promises that, through him, England will finally find some peace: This new and gorgeous garment, majesty Sits not so easy on me as you think. Brothers, you mix your sadness with some fear: This is the English, not the Turkish court… I’ll be your father and your brother too; Let me but bear your love, I’ll bear your cares: Yet weep that Harry’s dead, and so will I; But Harry lives that shall convert those tears By number into hours of happiness. (Act V, Scene 2) I’m so pleased I’ve finally got round to watching all the episodes in this series (I’ll have to post on Richard II at some future date when I watch it for a second time). The BBC have done a great job in my opinion, creating a manageable and logical sequence of plays which show us the history plays as they should be watched – segments of a continuous story. Of course, the same thing was done by the Royal Shakespeare Company a couple of years ago, but I found it somehow less daunting to settle down with a DVD and make my first acquaintance with these plays in my own time and at my own pace. In due course, I’d like to watch the DVDs of the Globe’s Henry IV from a couple of years ago, with Jamie Parker as Hal (having seen his Henry V last year), and see how the performances compare. In particular I’d like to see Roger Allam’s Falstaff. But I feel that The Hollow Crown has been a fantastic way of breaking myself in, with strong performances, beautiful cinematography (despite the modest budget) and generally excellent editing and direction, which make the complex plays easy to understand for those of us who haven’t studied them or seen them before. If only the BBC would go on to do more of this! – perhaps a new Shakespeare project to replace the cycle of filmed plays from thirty / forty years ago? Now that would be a marvellous thing! Buy the series
21752	yago	2	90	https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/henry-iv-part-i	en	Henry IV, Part I			[ "https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Henry IV", "Part Iby William ShakespeareTHE LITERARY WORK A play set in England during the year 1402; probably first performed in 1597.SYNOPSIS" ]	null	[]	null	Henry IV, Part Iby William ShakespeareTHE LITERARY WORK A play set in England during the year 1402; probably first performed in 1597.SYNOPSIS Source for information on Henry IV, Part I: Literature and Its Times dictionary.	en	/sites/default/files/favicon.ico		https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/henry-iv-part-i	by William Shakespeare THE LITERARY WORK A play set in England during the year 1402; probably first performed in 1597. SYNOPSIS King Henry IV, a recent successor to the English throne, battles rebels and attempts to teach his son the lessons of leadership. Events in History at the Time the Play Takes Place The Play in Focus Events in History at the Time the Play Was Written For More Information Although he may have learned some aspects of successful play writing from other dramatists of his time, William Shakespeare remains a major innovator of the English history play. Such early Shakespeare plays as Henry VI and Richard III were among the first to achieve any sort of commercial success. In Henry IV, Part I, Shakespeare continues his tradition of re-enacting the history of his native land. Events in History at the Time the Play Takes Place The reign of Henry IV Because he had actively opposed Richard II, the reigning king of England from 1376 to 1399, Henry Bolingbroke was living in exile when he succeeded his father as Duke of Lancaster. Immediately following this inheritance, King Richard seized Henry’s lands and his title and ordered him into exile for life. Henry soon returned to England with a band of supporters and sought to usurp the kingship. Charging Richard with whimsical and oppressive rule, the rebels rather easily overthrew his regime in 1399. Although Richard had named Edmund Mortimer as his successor, Henry’s leadership during the revolt earned him the crown. The distribution of England’s political power following the revolution, however, made it difficult for Henry to maintain his authority. There was a division of loyalties best explained, perhaps, by the complicated lineage from which both Henry and Richard descended. The following family tree helps to clarify this point. As the family tree indicates, Henry had, in fact, overthrown his cousin when he dethroned the king. According to rights of inheritance, the throne should then have passed to the second-eldest son in the family line, Edmund Mortimer. Because Edmund had died in 1381 and Roger, his eldest son, had died in 1385, Richard’s rightful successor should have been Roger Mortimer’s son Edmund. The boy was too young to rule or resist, however, so Henry claimed the title. By ignoring the established royal lineage, Henry knew that it could prove difficult for him to maintain his seat on the English throne for long. He would, in fact, reign from 1399-1419, when he died at age forty-six. During the revolution and the early years of Henry’s reign, the Percy family acted as his chief supporters. In the north, Harry Percy, known as “Hotspur,” led the English military against Scottish revolters. Elsewhere, Henry Percy, the Earl of Northumberland, assisted King Henry IV in matters of the court. Henry Percy’s brother Thomas, the Earl of Worcester, counseled Henry IV as well, even though Thomas had previously assisted Richard II. The loyalty that the Percys originally exhibited, however, did not last for any great length of time. Hotspur’s marriage to Elizabeth Mortimer (called Kate in Henry IV, Part I), a woman from a family unfriendly to Henry IV, created a serious breach. King Henry could only be suspicious of an ally who would so readily marry into his rival’s family. King Henry’s subsequent refusal to ransom Elizabeth’s brother Edmund after his capture by the Welsh, combined with his demand for Scottish prisoners that Hotspur had claimed, served to burn the shaky bridges of loyalty that Henry had established. His government, new and weakened from the previous civil strife, faced rebellion in 1402. Edmund Mortimer’s father-in-law, Owen Glendower, led the revolt. Given their new ties to the Mortimer family via Hotspur’s marriage, the Percy clan quickly joined the rebels. The events of their rebellion are portrayed in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part I. Henry’s first defeat of the rebel group took place at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, in which Hotspur was killed. Although the curtain of Shakespeare’s play closes without the promise of victory for Henry IV, by 1408 all of his enemies had met with defeat. England and Scotland One of the principle reasons why Henry could not unite his nation was the constant wars that England faced along its borders. Since the reign of Edward I of England (1272-1307), Scotland had lived under English rule. Although the Scots had managed to defeat the English in 1314, England took advantage of weak Scottish leaders to restore its claim. The rule of Henry IV occurred during what became a seesaw period of constant struggle between the two forces. Having known autonomy for a brief time, Scotland attempted to assert its independence. England, however, unwilling to relinquish one of its holdings, refused to lose Scotland again. In the opening of Shakespeare’s work, the king receives a briefing on the condition of the Scottish uprising. Although Hotspur does quell the attempt, the debate over the fate of his prisoners eventually causes the internal rebellion against Henry. Pilgrims In Shakespeare’s play, Falstaff, one of the drama’s comedic figures, attempts to rob a group of pilgrims making their way to Canterbury. The Catholic Church often ordered such pilgrimages as penance for sins. In 1170 Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, had been cruelly murdered inside his cathedral walls. For the members of the congregation who had looked to Becket as a spiritual leader, the murder elevated him to the status of a martyr. Two years following his death, Thomas Becket was canonized as a saint, and the English faithful began making journeys to his burial place. Such pilgrimages involved long and often dangerous travel. Along the way, the travelers stayed at inns and private hostels. Since they had to pay for all their food and lodging, pilgrim parties often carried relatively large sums of money. By the fifteenth century, pilgrimages had evolved into festive events. These elaborate parties proved tempting to thieves such as Shakespeare’s Falstaff. Education of Henry V Although Shakespeare paints young Prince Hal (Henry V) as a novice soldier, the actual Henry V (1387-1422) received an extensive education in the skills of a knight. Records show that on Henry’s tenth birthday he participated in a tournament at Pleshey Castle in Essex that tested skills such as horse riding and archery. In 1403, at the age of sixteen, Henry was called on to assist his father in battling the rebels. While the playwright credits Hal with the slaying of Hotspur, in actuality this slaying was accomplished by an unnamed figure. The real Henry V, though he fought with vigor in other wars, was not present at the Battle of Shrewsbury. Nonetheless, from his first moment on the battlefield, Henry V established himself as both a prominent soldier and leader. He would reign in England from 1413-1422 and become the subject of Shakespeare’s later history play Henry V. The Play in Focus The plot The action of Henry IV, Part I begins where Shakespeare’s Richard II leaves off. A chronological series, Shakespeare’s histories are connected to one another. The opening of Henry IV, Part 1, therefore, finds a newly seated Henry who has not fully established his authority. With the civil distress of the revolt against Richard in the recent past, Henry desires to unite his countrymen in a crusade to the Holy Land. He cannot accomplish this ambition, however, due to the several wars England is waging on its own fronts. In the north, a Scottish uprising threatens the English borders, while in the west, the Welsh present a similar problem. Although his noble compatriots, Harry Percy (“Hotspur”), Henry Percy (the Earl of Northumberland), Thomas Percy (the Earl of Worcester), and Edmund Mortimer (the Earl of March) ably lead the king’s armies into battle, civil unrest clearly exists. Since Richard II left no direct heir to the English throne, Henry IV realizes that the Mortimer family is his chief rival. At the opening of Henry IV, Part I, the rift between Henry IV and the Mortimers is already a significant one. Phillippa Mortimer’s son Edmund has been captured by the Welsh. King Henry IV, much to the distress of Edmund’s relatives, refuses to ransom him. Henry IV’s problems, however, do not stem solely from political affairs. His son Hal provides the king with several domestic concerns. An untried soldier, Hal possesses neither the ambition nor the acclaim enjoyed by Hotspur. He prefers to spend his days with his tavern friends, chief among them the portly thief John Falstaff. During one episode, Falstaff and his men rob a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury. For amusement, Hal and another man, in turn, rob Falstaff. While these events provide great fun for the young Prince of Wales, they do not amuse his father. During a soliloquy in Act I, however, Hal recognizes his seemingly immature behavior. He promises that his wildness will make his future behavior “show more goodly and attract more eyes /Than that which hath no foil to set it off” (Shakespeare, Henry IV, 1.2.202-03). Incensed over both the king’s refusal to ransom Edmund and the king’s rather despotic rule, Hotspur, Glendower (Edmund’s father-in-law), and a few others plot their revolt. They divide the map of England according to who shall rule which territory after their victory. Once Henry IV receives word of the conspiracy, he speaks with his son. For almost the entire conversation, the king expresses disapproval of the prince. He marvels at how barren pleasures and rude company could please a man of Hal’s position. In response Hal vows to “salve / The long-grown wounds of my intemperature” (Henry IV, 3.2. 155-56). Joining with those still loyal to the crown, the king and his son plan their military strategy. Hal even enlists Falstaffs aid in defending his father. The two armies meet at Shrewsbury in western England. Through one of his messengers, Henry IV tells the rebels that he will pardon their conduct if they abandon their plans. Hotspur, the rash leader of the band, refuses the offer. He sends the rebel Earl of Worcester as a messenger to inform the king of his decision. In a bid to avoid mass bloodshed, Prince Hal offers to fight Hotspur in one-on-one combat to settle the grievances. But Hal’s father, King Henry, dismisses this idea, instead offering the rebels one last chance to surrender with a promise not to punish them. Because Worcester fears for his life, he does not inform Hotspur of these developments. He worries that Hotspur may be tempted to surrender and that the king would then punish an old rebel such as himself despite the promise of amnesty. A battle ensues, costing many men their lives. In one of the final scenes, Hal kills Hotspur. The prince receives no credit for this victory, however, due to the ever-scheming Falstaff. After losing their leader, the rebels Worcester and Vernon surrender to the enemy and the gallows. Although the close of the play does not entirely FALSTAFF The character of Falstaff proved the most problematic for Shakespeare when the play first went into production. Originally the rogue bore the name of Sir John Oldcastle, The real Sir Oldcastle had been executed for heresy against the Catholic Church. Although revered by the Protestants, he endured many posthumous attacks by the Catholics, who described him as a “ruffian-knight” (Parsons in Kay, p. 213). In presenting this figure as a comedic one, Shakespeare offended Oldcastle’s living descendants and ran the risk of angering Protestants. William Brooke, one of Oldcastle’s relatives, served as one of Queen Elizabeth’s advisers and therefore also as a patron of Shakespeare’s company. In order to avoid conflict, the name of the character was changed to Falstaff in both public performance and print. resolve the conflict, the king expresses confidence that his side will crush the remaining forces that oppose him. More importantly perhaps, the king acknowledges Hal’s progress: “Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion, / And showed thou mak’st some tender of my life” (Henry IV, 5.4.47-8). Shakespeare’s morality play Although drama had become a more sophisticated art form by Shakespeare’s time than it once was, some vestiges of fifteenth-century theater still remained. Shakespeare added to these, developing a livelier, more complicated play. In Middle English times, the main focus of the theater was the morality play. These productions featured universal characters, with names like “Lechery,” who attempted to lead the protagonists astray from moral behavior. Shakespeare both drew and deviated from this structure within his work. The corpulent figure of Falstaff, for instance, resembles physically the character “Gluttony” who appears in several older works such as The Castle of Perseverance and Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. Likewise, Falstaffs drunkenness finds its roots in similar stock characters. Although not as clearly allegorical as these figures, Falstaff’s lifestyle represents the immoral world into which Hal may fall. Within morality plays, the alternatives of vanity and vice are presented to the protagonist in the form of a choice. The scenes alternate between serious probabilities and ridiculous representations of the immoral world. Henry IV, Part I similarly alternates between the serious scenes of the court and the ridiculous ones of the tavern. Until Act 3, Scene 2, when Hal promises a reformation to his father, this pattern does not falter. In this manner Falstaff becomes a foil against which the figure of the king is played. Both men offer role models to young Hal; in the end the prince must choose whom to follow. Sources Because Shakespeare based his play on English history, all characters and events come from historical works. The playwright relied heavily on the third volume of Raphael Holinshed’s The Chronicles of England, published in 1587. Most critics agree, however, that Shakespeare’s play far outreaches its historical roots. Other than a brief account of conflict between King Henry IV and his son found in The Chronicles of England, this entire subplot comes from the playwright’s own imagination. Shakespeare, not history, described the familial strife between the king and the prince. In addition, the conflict that Henry IV faces with his nobles seems to have been embellished, or even misrepresented, in Shakespeare’s play. Like Holinshed, Shakespeare confused which of the Edmund Mortimers could lay rightful claim to the English throne. In reality, the first Edmund Mortimer’s grandson (the son of his second son), not his third son, would have been next in line for the position of king. Throughout the play, however, Shakespeare indicates that Owen Glendower’s son-in-law, the second Edmund Mortimer, would inherit the throne. The playwright cannot be faulted entirely for this error; his source, Holinshed, misrepresented this situation as well. Shakespeare seems to take poetic license in his interpretation of Hotspur as well. Indeed, the man’s hot-tempered disposition, as well as his prominent contribution to the rebellion, appear to have been entirely the work of the playwright. Moreover, the rivalry between Hal and Hotspur could not have been so intense. The real-life Hotspur, aged thirty-nine when he died in 1403, was quite a few years older than Hal, then aged sixteen, so the two men probably had only limited interactions with each other. Certainly Hal never challenged Hotspur to one-on-one combat. Another of Shakespeare’s sources, Samuel Daniel’s The First Four Books of the Civil Wars, does credit the prince with the slaying of Hotspur, but both the historian and the playwright are incorrect in this regard, as they interpreted preceding historical texts. Events in History at the Time the Play Was Written England and Scotland in Shakespeare’s lifetime By the time of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (1558-1603), England had become a rather small country and did not have large holdings in other areas. The English empire in the Americas had only just begun to take shape with the settlement of Virginia in the 1580s. Although England still ruled Wales and Ireland, the English crown no longer held the lands it had once controlled on the continent of Europe. Scotland had also managed to gain its independence from England in 1314 and did not become a part of Great Britain until 1707. In fact, 1603 would see the ascension of a Scot (King James I) to the English throne. The rule of King James I resulted from the tangled lineage of English and Scottish royalty. Because Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII by his second wife, Anne Boleyn, many Roman Catholics would not recognize her as the proper inheritor of the throne. They considered Henry’s second marriage invalid because it contradicted Catholic law. Instead of Elizabeth, the Catholic faction recognized Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, as the proper queen of England. Her claim to the throne lay also with Henry VIII. Mary’s grandmother, Margaret Tudor, was Henry VIII’s sister. She and Elizabeth 1, therefore, were cousins of sorts. Following Henry VIII’s death in 1547, his only son, the boy king Edward VI, ruled until 1553. After his death, Mary Tudor, Edward VI’s older sister, ascended to the throne. Because Mary died childless in 1558, the throne then passed to Elizabeth I. In 1587 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, found herself implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth I. She was beheaded at Elizabeth’s command for her alleged participation. When Elizabeth I died without an heir in 1603, James I, the son of the executed Mary, protested his mother’s wrongful death and gained the throne. He began the Stuart dynasty that retained control of the English throne for about eighty years. The Stuart monarchy ruled the territories possessed by both England and Scotland. After Scotland lost this family connection with the English throne, it resumed its battle for independence from England. Elizabethan history plays Queen Elizabeth, despite the power struggle that preceded her rule, managed to unite England as no monarch had before her. When a 1570 papal decree excommunicated Elizabeth I from the Catholic Church, her subjects rallied around her in opposing the placement of Mary Stuart on the throne. Elizabeth’s advancement of England’s commercial profits overseas further strengthened this feeling of national unity. The climate proved perfect for the birth of the history play. Because such productions took their characters and scenes from the pages of English history, their popularity was virtually assured. The nature of the historical productions enhanced the importance of the royal dynasty and the transfer of royal power. This question of inheriting the throne proved to be of vital interest to the people of England. Most critics agree that Shakespeare addresses this interest best in his two cycles of history plays. His Henry IV, Part 1 is perhaps his supreme achievement in this regard. The popularity of such productions in Shakespeare’s time was due partly to a unique aspect of Elizabeth’s rule. Known as the “Virgin Queen,” Elizabeth would remain unmarried and childless, insisting that England was her only spouse. Questions and speculation about the eventual successor to the throne after Elizabeth’s death were thus fairly common. Corruption from abroad For the Elizabethans, increased trade mearit increased contact with foreign influences. While these new markets provided the English with exciting goods such as new clothing and spices, they also exposed England to what moralists would call foreign corruption. Contemporaries of Shakespeare such as John Marston and Thomas Middleton wrote plays that centered on Italian debauchery and styles of murder. Other angry Englishmen condemned the French for introducing vanity in dress. Foreign influence in general was credited for bringing cosmetics, tobacco, gambling, wine, and a variety of other vices to the English shores. Shakespeare himself seems to touch on these issues in Henry IV, Part 1. His character Hotspur shows no tolerance for a fawning member of Henry’s court who comes to the battlefield to deliver a message from the king. His contempt for the man, who is “perfumed like a milliner,” exemplifies the general dislike of those who took too many pains in primping themselves (Henry IV, 1.3.36). Fathers and sons To Elizabethan parents, a child’s first duty was loving obedience. At the same time, new thoughts of individual freedom were gaining ground. Elizabeth’s father, King Henry VIII, had defied the Catholic Church by marrying her mother Anne Boleyn, an act that boldly gave precedence to individual preference over established rules. Outside court, people strayed more willingly from their social class. In England a noblewoman might marry a commoner, whereas in other countries, such as Germany, social conventions remained fixed in this regard. People in these other countries insisted that proper marriages required husband and wife to be of equal social rank. Perhaps the wildness of Prince Hal in Shakespeare’s play reflects, to some degree, the greater tendency to experiment and satisfy personal whims in Elizabethan England. Certainly Hal was not the only wayward son in Elizabethan drama. The playwright Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour, includes a father’s considerations of how to deal with his son’s wildness. He resolves “not to stop his journey; / Nor practice any violent means to stay / The unbridled course of youth in him” (Johnson, Every Man in His Humour, 1.2. 122-24). Shakespeare’s King Henry IV seems to adopt a similar stance with Prince Hal, although his son’s misbehavior pains him. Reception of the play First staged, scholars believe, in 1597, Henry IV, Part 1 enjoyed continued popularity among playgoers until 1642, when the government closed theaters during the political upheaval of the civil wars. After the monarchy was restored and the theaters were reopened in 1660, Henry IV became one of the first plays to resurface. Performances occurred in 1660 and periodically thereafter, with the play again enjoying popularity. Public approval, however, faded in the second half of the 1800s during Queen Victoria’s reign. The proper English audiences of this period took offense at the rogue Falstaff s coarse and bawdy brand of humor. Interest in the play revived with a superior production in 1896 and has persisted ever since. For More Information Earle, Peter. The Life and Times of Henry V. 1972. Reprint, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993. Johnson, Ben. Every Man in His Humour. 1601. Reprint, London: Methuen, 1986. Kay, Dennis. Shakespeare: His Life, Work, and Era. New York: William Morrow, 1992. Loxton, Howard. Pilgrimage to Canterbury. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1978.
21752	yago	3	33	https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/staging-female-characters-in-shakespeares-english-history-plays/from-the-margins/DA0FC900039E2C4F53155A24CBEBC775	en	Staging Female Characters in Shakespeare's English History Plays	https://www.cambridge.or…hare_600x600.jpg	https://www.cambridge.or…hare_600x600.jpg	[ "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/icn_circle__btn_close_white.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/logo_core.png", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/logo_core.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/logo_core.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/logo_core.svg", "https://assets.cambridge.org/97810093/56138/cover/9781009356138.jpg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/page-component/img/share-icon.cbcfad8.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/page-component/img/close-icon.194b28a.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/page-component/img/cite-icon.44eaaa4.svg", "https://www.cambridge.org/core/cambridge-core/public/images/cambridge_logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Hailey Bachrach", "Roehampton University" ]	null	Staging Female Characters in Shakespeare's English History Plays - November 2023	en	/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico	Cambridge Core	https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/staging-female-characters-in-shakespeares-english-history-plays/from-the-margins/DA0FC900039E2C4F53155A24CBEBC775	To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
21752	yago	2	23	http://annisbetweenworlds.blogspot.com/2010/06/lady-percys-tomb.html	en	Between Worlds: Hotspur and Lady Percy's tombs	http://annisbetweenworlds.blogspot.com/favicon.ico	http://annisbetweenworlds.blogspot.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif", "http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png", "http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png", "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy7rFWTMrALFN9KuT8oXapNish30ApDXUpMOUdj1Sjqq4BaQTDL5lhUvMzha0LAkEPAw9sglUTBlh71cUj40cM3vffP9ZrYYp2kGI0baT6qOB_ZKz83IUS9X64OsYWBBwkPidWNSG0p54-/s150/twoworlds.gif", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dhiiiSGT4cg/T05qKhRABHI/AAAAAAAADeU/B84lEsaLdfk/s200/Genevan_Psalter_200_eng.png.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "View my complete profile" ]	null	I ruminated today upon the end of Harry Hotspur who was the Duke of Northumberland's son. He died at The Battle of Shrewsbury. According to ...	en	http://annisbetweenworlds.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		http://annisbetweenworlds.blogspot.com/2010/06/lady-percys-tomb.html
21752	yago	3	80	http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-orebys.html	en	Edward II: The Orebys	http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/favicon.ico	http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif", "http://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_delete13.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif", "http://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5HTmmEoZ96q51vZ5-83rwcv9ETmgPRg-_FpRciZm5RJWeFmUbUo-jwzZdEzQeJgUZFQJC6xBdHZ6U6oP2HiANFK_MihB1X4b0oh-_SO4nm-v6J9F-KLNpzrHTrESLw/s45-c/KathrynWarnerBBC.jpg", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_delete13.gif", "http://resources.blogblog.com/img/blank.gif", "https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_delete13.gif", "http://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin5HTmmEoZ96q51vZ5-83rwcv9ETmgPRg-_FpRciZm5RJWeFmUbUo-jwzZdEzQeJgUZFQJC6xBdHZ6U6oP2HiANFK_MihB1X4b0oh-_SO4nm-v6J9F-KLNpzrHTrESLw/s113/KathrynWarnerBBC.jpg", "http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Q6PmQYl50Ns/SubjqWYT2RI/AAAAAAAABes/QQZ0FYF7EPk/S150/edward_ii_detail.jpg", "http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Q6PmQYl50Ns/SubjZjr0BOI/AAAAAAAABek/-O2Al-BvHSU/S150/SDC11562.JPG", "http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/7129/2385/180/gse_multipart50726.jpg", "http://www.maploco.com/vmap/s/3914183.png", "http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/7129/2385/180/gse_multipart40044.jpg", "http://photos1.blogger.com/x/blogger2/7129/2385/180/301624/gse_multipart44051.jpg", "http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/7129/2385/180/gse_multipart40043.jpg", "http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Q6PmQYl50Ns/SvFpdBVysUI/AAAAAAAABe0/8x90wrsOSlY/S150/Gloucestershire+057.jpg", "http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/7129/2385/180/gse_multipart50728.jpg", "http://photos1.blogger.com/x/blogger2/7129/2385/180/267940/gse_multipart56586.jpg", "http://static.technorati.com/pix/fave/btn-fave2.png", "http://c.statcounter.com/9429731/0/c1df0d48/1/" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Kathryn Warner", "View my complete profile" ]	null	A post about a little-known family of the fourteenth century, the Orbys or Orebys or Orrebys, who owned lands and manors in Lincolnshire, ...	en	http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/favicon.ico		http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-orebys.html
21752	yago	1	76	https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p430.htm	en	Ancestors & Cousins: Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner (over 193,000 names).			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Children Elizabeth Deincourt+ Margaret Deincourt+6 d. a Nov 1417 Ralph Deincourt, 4th Lord Deincourt7 b. 24 Jun 1380, d. 7 Nov 1384 Sir John Deincourt, 5th Lord Deincourt+8,3,4 b. 28 Feb 1382, d. 11 May 1406 Children Lt. Thomas Johnson+ b. 1632, d. 5 Feb 1719 Elizabeth Johnson b. 1632 Timothy Johnson b. c 1635, d. 1698 Hannah Johnson b. c 1636 Mary Johnson b. c 1638 Stephen Johnson b. 1640, d. 30 Mar 1690 Joanna Johnson b. c 1641 Joseph Johnson b. c 1643 Susanna Johnson b. c 1646, d. 3 Jun 1684 Returne Johnson b. c 1648, d. 15 Mar 1707 Caleb Johnson b. c 1650 William Johnson b. 1652, d. 4 Jun 1727 Children Lt. Thomas Johnson+ b. 1632, d. 5 Feb 1719 Elizabeth Johnson b. 1632 Timothy Johnson b. c 1635, d. 1698 Hannah Johnson b. c 1636 Mary Johnson b. c 1638 Stephen Johnson b. 1640, d. 30 Mar 1690 Joanna Johnson b. c 1641 Joseph Johnson b. c 1643 Susanna Johnson b. c 1646, d. 3 Jun 1684 Returne Johnson b. c 1648, d. 15 Mar 1707 Caleb Johnson b. c 1650 William Johnson b. 1652, d. 4 Jun 1727 Children Joan Skipwith+7 b. c 1482, d. c 1518 Sir William Skipwith, Sheriff of Lincolnshire+2,3,6 b. c 1488, d. 7 Jul 1547 Children Eleanor Percy Sir Henry Percy, 3rd Earl Northumberland, 6th Lord Percy+17,7,13 b. 25 Jul 1421, d. 29 Mar 1461 Sir Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont b. 29 Nov 1422, d. 10 Jul 1460 Katherine Percy+17,18,4,7,10,13 b. 28 May 1423, d. bt 2 May 1493 - 17 Oct 1493 Sir Ralph Percy, Seneschal at Alnwick, Governor of Bamburgh Castle+ b. 11 Aug 1425, d. 25 Apr 1464 Sir Richard Percy b. c 1427, d. 29 Mar 1461 Anne Percy+19,17,5,7,8,11,13 b. c 1440, d. 5 Jul 1522 Children Eleanor Percy Sir Henry Percy, 3rd Earl Northumberland, 6th Lord Percy+3,11,19 b. 25 Jul 1421, d. 29 Mar 1461 Sir Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont b. 29 Nov 1422, d. 10 Jul 1460 Katherine Percy+3,25,6,7,11,12,15,16,19,20 b. 28 May 1423, d. bt 2 May 1493 - 17 Oct 1493 Sir Ralph Percy, Seneschal at Alnwick, Governor of Bamburgh Castle+ b. 11 Aug 1425, d. 25 Apr 1464 Sir Richard Percy b. c 1427, d. 29 Mar 1461 Anne Percy+26,3,4,8,9,11,13,17,19 b. c 1440, d. 5 Jul 1522 Children Sir Thomas Percy+3,7,9,14 d. c 1388 Sir Ralph Percy4,7,10,14 d. 1400 Isolda Percy+21 b. c 1362 Sir Henry 'Harry Hotspur' Percy, Justice of Chester, North Wales, & Flintshire+2,7,14 b. 20 May 1364, d. 21 Jul 1403 Margaret Percy2 b. c 1368 Alan Percy2 b. c 1372 Children Sir Thomas Percy+19,4,7,9,13 d. c 1388 Sir Ralph Percy20,5,7,10,13 d. 1400 Isolda Percy+ b. c 1362 Sir Henry 'Harry Hotspur' Percy, Justice of Chester, North Wales, & Flintshire+3,7,13 b. 20 May 1364, d. 21 Jul 1403 Margaret Percy3 b. c 1368 Alan Percy3 b. c 1372
21752	yago	0	7	http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/1114-1115.htm	en	Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer			[ "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Grand parents Gen.=+21 Henry, 3rd Lord Percy d. 1368 m. Mary Lancaster Ralph, 2nd Lord Neville b. 1291 d. 5 AUG 1367 m. Alice Audley m. Lionel, Duke of Clarence b. 29 NOV 1338 d. 7 OCT 1368 m. Elizabeth de Burgh b. 6 JUL 1332 d. 10 DEC 1363 Children Gen.=+18 Elizabeth m. John Lord, K.G. Clifford b. 1389 d. 13 MAR 1422 Siege of Meaux Siege of Meaux Henry, 2nd Earl of Northumberland b. 3 FEB 1392 Alnwick Castle d. 22 MAY 1455 Battle of St. Albans m. Eleanor, Lady Neville b. ABT 1397 d. 1472
21752	yago	2	19	http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/1114-1115.htm	en	Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Lady Elizabeth Mortimer			[ "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/w3.gif", "http://www-leeper.ch.cam.ac.uk/FamilyTree/i3.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	Grand parents Gen.=+21 Henry, 3rd Lord Percy d. 1368 m. Mary Lancaster Ralph, 2nd Lord Neville b. 1291 d. 5 AUG 1367 m. Alice Audley m. Lionel, Duke of Clarence b. 29 NOV 1338 d. 7 OCT 1368 m. Elizabeth de Burgh b. 6 JUL 1332 d. 10 DEC 1363 Children Gen.=+18 Elizabeth m. John Lord, K.G. Clifford b. 1389 d. 13 MAR 1422 Siege of Meaux Siege of Meaux Henry, 2nd Earl of Northumberland b. 3 FEB 1392 Alnwick Castle d. 22 MAY 1455 Battle of St. Albans m. Eleanor, Lady Neville b. ABT 1397 d. 1472
21752	yago	3	55	https://britainsbestguides.org/blogs/the-other-de-bohun-girl/	en	The Other de Bohun Girl	https://britainsbestguid…etmrlondoner.jpg	https://britainsbestguid…etmrlondoner.jpg	[ "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/themes/bgtg/img/logo.png", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Westminster-Abbeys-great-north-window-@meetmrlondoner.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sir-John-and-Lady-Elizabeth-Russell-keep-eternal-vigil-over-the-Chapel-of-St-Edmund.-@meetmrlondoner-300x225.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/440px-Edward_I_-_Westminster_Abbey_Sedilia-225x300.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JPEG-image-4E4E-8BAB-F6-0-242x300.jpeg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/HenryBolingbrokeClaimsThrone-300x235.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/PHOTO-2024-03-06-13-10-45-225x300.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Screenshot-2024-06-14-at-10.16.59-285x300.png", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gary-from-Frock-U-styles-Mila-a-fashion-student-from-Austin-Texas-@meetmrlondoner.jpg", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2.png", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/12.png", "https://britainsbestguides.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-design-and-flow-of-a-mosiac-is-described-as-andamento-@Meetmrlondoner.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-07-17T18:30:24+00:00	Mr Londoner explores the lives of two forgotten medieval sisters at the heart of royal power and patronage.	en	https://britainsbestguid…d_favi-32x32.png	British Guild of Tourist Guides	https://britainsbestguides.org/blogs/the-other-de-bohun-girl/	Mr Londoner explores the lives of two forgotten medieval sisters at the heart of royal power and patronage. Westminster Abbey is a leading London attraction for visitors from both the UK and overseas. It is a treasure trove of fascinating stories about the people who shaped the UK and, in some cases, the world. At the heart of this nearly 1,000 year-old building is the St Edmund Chapel. The unusually-designed hexagonal construction is a truly striking place. It’s full of history, atmosphere and intrigue. The chapel houses the incredible Elizabethan tombs of Sir John Russell and his wife, Lady Elizabeth. Sir John’s effigy, in his ermine robes, exudes grandeur and self-importance. It resembles that of a fallen idol. At his feet is the body of his infant son, Francis, who pre-deceased him in 1581. Lady Elizabeth’s realistic likeness is carved in alabaster marble. She is depicted sitting. It’s said this is the first seated tomb in England. On the other side of the chapel rests the 13th century knight, Guillaume de Valance, 1st Earl of Pembroke. This is one of the earliest tombs to feature the use of enamel, applied here to great dramatic effect. Sir John and Lady Elizabeth Russell keep eternal vigil over the Chapel of St Edmund. Copyright @meetmrlondoner Britain’s first Brexit St Edmund’s is a former chantry chapel. ‘Chantry’ derives from the French word chanson and its English equivalent, chanting. It was here, in England’s Catholic days, that the Benedictine brothers of Westminster Abbey prayed and said mass over the bodies of recently-deceased nobles and minor aristocracy. This devotional act was performed in exchange for a tidy sum to support the church and its community. This was to help expedite otherwise lengthy journeys from purgatory, fast-tracking the moneyed dead through the gates of heaven. Henry VIII broke with Rome and the Catholic Church in the 1530s. He looked instead to a reformed English church, of which he would become its chief defender. This was Britain’s first Brexit. Many similarly-themed arguments were used to justify the UK’s shock separation from the European Union, in 2016. One of Henry’s stronger arguments for suddenly – and somewhat unexpectedly – championing the Protestant Reformation was the inherent corruption of undeserving, but wealthy, people attempting to monetise their place in paradise. The shift from Catholicism to Protestantism signalled the death-knell for Catholic idolatry. The saints were expunged from churches, shrines attacked – and chantry chapels either demolished or re-configured for other purposes. At Westminster Abbey they became smaller side chapels. Additionally they were used as burial places for general interments rather than chantry chapels for the exclusive use of individuals or a family. King Edward I, possibly from the Sedilia. Image © 2024 Dean and Chapter of Westminster Between the Russell and de Valance monuments, is the fine bronze-plated grave of Eleanor de Bohun. It’s easy to locate. The de Bohun family crest features an elegant swan, which can be seen to this day in the brass, as a small, but beautifully-detailed circular design. Eleanor was descended from King Edward I. She enjoyed a string of titles. She was Duchess of Gloucester, Duchess of Aumale, Countess of Buckingham and Countess of Essex. Her ancestor King Edward, is himself buried just a few feet away by the Shrine of St Edward – otherwise know as Edward the Confessor – the man who built the Abbey in the first place. Cash-strapped Aged just seven, Eleanor inherited a vast fortune from her late father, Thomas de Bohun in 1373. In 1376 (aged just ten!) she married the prominent noblemen Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Woodstock and, later, the Duke of Gloucester. Woodstock was the fifth and youngest son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. Like most junior Royals, he was perennially cash-strapped. Woodstock would have been glad of the significant dowry that the marriage would bring and he and his new wife were rather looking forward to spending her inheritance on some lovely things. However, Eleanor had to share her fortune with her younger sister Mary. She harboured a hope that Mary would pack her bags, renounce her worldly goods and head off to a nunnery, leaving Eleanor as the sole inheritor of the de Bohun fortune. Eleanor de Bohun, depicted in her widow’s robes, on her tomb’s brass plate in Westminster Abbey. Copyright @meetmrlondoner Pressure was put on a much younger Mary to do exactly this. Matters took a different course fact. Mary’s aunt cooked up a plot, along with mover-and-shaker John of Gaunt, to spirit Mary away from the family pile at Pleshey Castle in Essex to Arundel Castle to marry John’s son, Henry Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke would go on to depose (and eventually murder) his cousin, Richard II, and become Henry IV, King of England, in 1399. The unfortunate Richard is buried at Westminster Abbey. Henry, died in Westminster Abbey but lies in Canterbury Cathedral. Henry of Bolingbroke, flanked by the lords spiritual and temporal, claims the throne in 1399. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Dynasty Henry was utterly ruthless in his ambition not only to get to the throne – but to keep hold of it. He crushed the rebellion of the last Welsh Prince of Wales – Owain Glyndŵr – and then defeated Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur) at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. Consolidating a power base, putting down any opposition and producing a son and heir was the pre-occupation of every medieval king of England. It was all about dynasty. To this end, Mary was barely 12 years old when she married Henry Bolingbroke in 1381. Five years later Mary gave birth to Henry, the first of her six children. He went on to become Henry V – King of England from 1413 and the hero of the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Henry remains one of England’s most enigmatic monarchs. Mary died in childbirth, when her daughter Philippa was born in 1394. Far from the contemplative life, Mary’s days mapped out very differently. And today she remains a key, if somewhat lesser-known, footnote in British history. The Portrait of Richard II of England (1390s). Westminster Abbey. Photo copyright Danny Parlour Eleanor’s own life took an equally unexpected – and somewhat ironic turn. Her husband was murdered in France, on the orders of King Richard II. Some accounts suggest her unfortunate spouse was suffocated by a feather pillow by persons unknown. Act 1, Scene 2 of Richard II by William Shakespeare, features Eleanor trying in vain to convince John of Gaunt to avenge her husband’s murder. Back in the real world, a distraught Eleanor de Bohun was beside herself with grief. The fine brass plate on her tomb depicts the 36-year-old Eleanor in her widows’ veil. Most ironically of all, she spent the final two years of her life in Barking Abbey, having become a nun. About the Author
21752	yago	0	41	https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Elizabeth_Percy_(14)	en	Person:Elizabeth Percy (14)			[ "https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/new-wr-logo-sm.png", "https://www.werelate.org/w/skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" ]	[ "https://www.myheritage.com/FP/partner-widget.php?partnerName=werelate&clientId=3401&campaignId=werelate_widgets_+aug19&widget=records_carousel&width=728&height=90&onSitePlacement=Search+People_728x90_records&tr_ifid=werelate_252927986&firstName=Elizabeth&lastName=Percy&tr_device=c&size=728x90" ]	[]	[ "Person:Elizabeth Percy (14)", "Citation needed", "Assertions", "Alnwick", "Northumberland", "England", "England", "Staindrop", "Durham", "England", "Elizabeth de Mortimer (1)", "Henry Percy (112)", "Henry Percy (120)", "John de Clifford (1)", "John de Neville (1)" ]	null	[]	null		en	/favicon.ico		null	Facts and Events Name Lady Elizabeth Percy, Baroness Clifford Gender Female Birth Alnwick, Northumberland, England Marriage to John de Clifford, 7th de Clifford Marriage to Ralph de Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland Death[2] England Reference Number Q6470129? the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia Lady Elizabeth Percy (c. 1395 – 26 October 1436) was the daughter of Sir Henry Percy, known to history as 'Hotspur', and Elizabeth Mortimer, the eldest daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and his wife, Philippa, the only child of Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence, and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster. After the death of Sir Henry Percy, Elizabeth Mortimer married, sometime after 3 June 1406, Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys, who later commanded the rearguard of the English army at the Battle of Agincourt. By her mother's first marriage to Sir Henry Percy, Elizabeth Percy had one brother, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 1393 – 22 May 1455), who married Eleanor Neville (died c. 1473), widow of Richard le Despenser, and daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by his second wife, Joan Beaufort, legitimated daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. They had nine sons and three daughters. He was slain at the First Battle of St Albans during the Wars of the Roses. Elizabeth Percy also had a brother of the half blood, Sir Roger Camoys, the son of her mother's second marriage to Thomas de Camoys. Elizabeth Percy died 26 October 1436. She was buried at Staindrop, Durham. Through her daughter, Mary Clifford, Elizabeth Percy was the great-great-grandmother of Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII. This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Lady Elizabeth Percy. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. References
21752	yago	3	14	https://www.torforgeblog.com/2020/01/03/queering-shakespeare-tessa-gratton-on-lady-hotspur/	en	Queering Shakespeare: Tessa Gratton on Lady Hotspur	https://www.torforgeblog…ed-TOr-32x32.png	https://www.torforgeblog…ed-TOr-32x32.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1068637376519766&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/headerlogo-1.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/LH-Cover-e1576531503773.jpg", "https://images.macmillan.com/folio-assets/macmillan_us_frontbookcovers_1000H/9780765392497.jpg", "https://torforgeblog.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/amazon.png", "https://torforgeblog.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/bandn.png", "https://torforgeblog.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/bam.png", "https://torforgeblog.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ibooks2.png", "https://torforgeblog.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/indiebound.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/10-330x170.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/8-330x170.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/9-330x170.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Blood-of-the-Old-Kings-4-330x170.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Blood-of-the-Old-Kings-6-330x170.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/facebook.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/twitter.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/tumblr.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/goodreads.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/instagram.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pinterest.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/rss.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/whatmakes-150x150.jpg", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/darklingsea-150x150.jpg", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/emperorsblades-150x150.jpg", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/sb-instagram-feed-images/torbooks.jpg", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/facebook.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/twitter.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/tumblr.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/goodreads.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/instagram.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pinterest.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/rss.png", "https://www.torforgeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/privacyoptions.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "admin" ]	2020-01-03T00:00:00	Lady Hotspur author Tessa Gratton on how and why she wrote a queer, gender-swapped version of Henry IV, Part I.	en	https://www.torforgeblog…ed-TOr-32x32.png	Tor/Forge Blog - Science Fiction, Fantasy, Horror, Mystery, Thriller & Suspense, and Other Speculative Fiction	https://www.torforgeblog.com/2020/01/03/queering-shakespeare-tessa-gratton-on-lady-hotspur/	Lady Hotspur author Tessa Gratton is no stranger to adapting Shakespeare. She took on King Lear in her 2018 novel The Queens of Innis Lear, and with Lady Hotspur, she’s taken on Henry IV, Part I. Tessa joined us to talk adaptations, queer reimaginings, and her unconventional favorite Shakespeare play. By Tessa Gratton I’v e been obsessed with Prince Hal and his mirror/foil Hotspur ever since I studied Henry IV, Part I in a college class called “Weird Shakespeare” during my freshman year in 2000. For the final, another young woman and I performed their confrontation—broadswords and all. I played Hal—playful, self-loathing, ambitious Hal—and he’s never left me. I’ve gone through phases where my obsession shifted to the forthright, blustering warrior Hotspur, or Hotspur’s sharp, passionate wife Kate Percy, and have taken every opportunity to see performances of Part I in particular, though any of the Henriad will do it for me. I’ve liked to imagine different endings to the play, wondered what would have changed had Hal and Hotspur met before the battle that destroyed Hotspur, or how Lady Percy might’ve acted to shift the arc of the story. I imagined Hal and Hotspur childhood lovers, now made enemies for the sake of their kingmaker fathers. Over the years I sought out some fanfic to read, toyed with rewriting scenes myself, and assumed someday I’d make a novel of my obsessions. After finishing The Queens of Innis Lear, my feminist fantasy adaptation of my least favorite Shakespeare play, I was finally ready to adapt my most favorite Shakespeare play, and one thing was immediately obvious: Hal and Hotspur would be women, and lovers, and maybe I could take everything that I loved in the play and, well, make it gayer. When writing a queer adaptation, the first thing I do is dig into the source material to find the queer space and threads of queerness that are already present. As it turns out, a lot of analysis of Henry IV, Part I includes queer readings, though not always overtly, or even intentionally. When you look at queer space as liminal space, and how space itself can be queered, you don’t even have to consider sexual desire or gender to find a queer reading. The play is the story of Prince Hal, a reluctant heir to the throne, dragging himself out of the gutter to take up his father’s mantle and defeat the rebellious Hotspur. Hal exists in three spaces: the court, the taverns, and the countryside, each ruled by another character. His father, the king, represents court and chivalry, familial duty, and secularism. Falstaff, the drunken, fat former knight, represents the taverns and debauchery, survival, brotherhood, and importantly, imagination and humor. Hotspur represents the old world where the lord and land are one, and the more ancient religious kinds of duty and the chivalry of nature. Hal was born into the court, fled to the taverns, and must confront the old world before he can triumph as a prince and earn his eventual crown. As a character he exists between these spaces, in the shadows, a trickster who alone has the capacity to go from debauchery to chivalry and back, from play to duty and back, and combine the skills he learns in each space to better perform in the others. His success at learning to maneuver through different spaces is shown when he superimposes the worlds of court and tavern over each other in the scene where he and Falstaff act out Hal’s meeting with the king, trading roles and jokes, and in that moment of queered space Hal is able to tell Falstaff a single true thing about their future; later, just before fighting Hotspur, Hal says to his rival, “all the budding honors on thy crest I’ll crop to make a garland for my head.” He will take onto himself everything that Hotspur was, by confronting and killing him. He will become Hotspur, taking over his space and triumphant identity. This is just one possible queer reading of Hal, but it’s one I like because I’m interested in carving queer space within existing power structures, and so I used this reading specifically in developing my adaptation. Additionally, since I was setting the story in the same world as The Queens of Innis Lear, I also knew I wanted to use themes I’d begun pulling apart in my King Lear adaptation to continue investigating connections between power, patriarchy, and rebellion, and nature, relationships, and magic. Except this time, I was going to center queer narratives. That became my foundational goal: to adapt Henry IV, Part I with an eye toward integrating queer lives into narratives of power. First of all, I took the men in the play and made them women or pushed them a lot closer toward woman on the gender spectrum, and did the reverse for the few women in the source material. Second, I gave nearly all the main characters some variety of queer desire. When it came to building my world and story so that I could focus on queering narratives and structures of power, I returned to the queer analysis of Prince Hal as a trickster moving between spaces. My Hal is a young cis lesbian desperately in love with the bright warrior woman Hotspur, but she doesn’t know how to be what her mother needs her to be for the stability of their new order, nor can she remain debauched in the shadows with her Falstaff—Oldcastle, in my version. I kept two of the three spaces central to the play: court and taverns. The court is ruled by Hal’s mother the queen, who struggles to maintain a traditional, secular patriarchy when she herself has rebelled against it and has been betrayed by it, because she can’t imagine any other kind of power structure. The taverns are ruled by Lady Ianta Oldcastle, a lesbian and former-knight who has also been betrayed by those same power structures that harmed the queen. Ianta encourages debauchery and small playful rebellions because she no longer believes there is space for queer women in the halls of power, so queer women should focus on survival and find pleasure where and how they can. But the third space is not merely the old world, the landscape, it is the island of Lear. For a hundred years power on Innis Lear has existed in direct opposition to Hal’s country Aremoria: on Innis Lear they do not rely on that old heteronormative institute of marriage for their lines of succession; their magic comes from a wilder, freer union between earth and wind and stars; genderfluid witches care for the forests; the dead are caught between life and heaven; the current rulers include a queen and her sister, an openly queer crown prince, and a transgender princess. These are the landscapes Hal must map out for herself in my adaptation, must learn to commune with, finding ways to be herself, carving space for her friends and loved ones to claim identities outside the traditionally accepted without giving up any her/their power. It isn’t an option for her to burn everything down, but she is uniquely positioned to reframe the narrative of her entire country, if she can survive with her heart intact. Lady Hotspur is a big, sprawling fantasy that delves in to the relationships and humor and politics of Henry IV, Part I that obsessed me for nearly twenty years. But throughout every round of writing and revision I tried to keep that core tension present: Hal and Hotspur loving and hating and loving and fighting each other. In the original text, Hal says to Hotspur that he will take everything Hotspur was and make it part of himself through necessary violence; in my adaptation, Hal says to her Hotspur, “What if I love you so well it changes the very landscape of our world?” Both of these positions have a different relationship with power: one is patriarchal and consuming and violent; the other is queer and creative and playful. It’s that difference in approaches to power and the tension of possibility created in their clashing that is at the heart of what I was trying to do by centering queerness in my adaptation. I hope I at least succeeded in writing a dramatic, wild, and passionate story that engages with the source material in new ways. It’s amazing to me that after twenty years of thinking about a four-hundred-year-old play I can still find so many threads and spaces to pull or inhabit, but I’m happy to be part of the long story of Shakespeare’s plays and what keeps them alive through new interpretations.