question large_stringlengths 265 13.2k |
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Let's introduce the designation <image>, where x is a string, n is a positive integer and operation " + " is the string concatenation operation. For example, [abc, 2] = abcabc.
We'll say that string s can be obtained from string t, if we can remove som... |
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Your task is to create a new implementation of `modpow` so that it computes `(x^y)%n` for large `y`. The problem with the current implementation is that the output of `Math.pow` is so large on our inputs that it won't fit in a 64-bit float.
You're also... |
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NN is an experienced internet user and that means he spends a lot of time on the social media. Once he found the following image on the Net, which asked him to compare the sizes of inner circles: [Image]
It turned out that the circles are equal. NN wa... |
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An atom of element X can exist in n distinct states with energies E1 < E2 < ... < En. Arkady wants to build a laser on this element, using a three-level scheme. Here is a simplified description of the scheme.
Three distinct states i, j and k are selec... |
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Anadi has a set of dominoes. Every domino has two parts, and each part contains some dots. For every $a$ and $b$ such that $1 \leq a \leq b \leq 6$, there is exactly one domino with $a$ dots on one half and $b$ dots on the other half. The set contains e... |
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How many integer sequences A_1,A_2,\ldots,A_N of length N satisfy all of the following conditions?
- 0 \leq A_i \leq 9
- There exists some i such that A_i=0 holds.
- There exists some i such that A_i=9 holds.
The answer can be very large, so output i... |
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We have N voting papers. The i-th vote (1 \leq i \leq N) has the string S_i written on it.
Print all strings that are written on the most number of votes, in lexicographical order.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
- S_i (1 \leq i \... |
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Jenny is 9 years old. She is the youngest detective in North America. Jenny is a 3rd grader student, so when a new mission comes up, she gets a code to decipher in a form of a sticker (with numbers) in her math notebook and a comment (a sentence) in her... |
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B: Periodic Sequence-
problem
Dr. Period, a professor at H University, is studying a property called the cycle that is supposed to be hidden in all things. As a generally known basic cycle, a cycle hidden in a sequence may be considered. That is, if t... |
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Generous sponsors of the olympiad in which Chloe and Vladik took part allowed all the participants to choose a prize for them on their own. Christmas is coming, so sponsors decided to decorate the Christmas tree with their prizes.
They took n prizes f... |
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Beroffice text editor has a wide range of features that help working with text. One of the features is an automatic search for typos and suggestions of how to fix them.
Beroffice works only with small English letters (i.e. with 26 letters from a to z).... |
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Create a function which accepts one arbitrary string as an argument, and return a string of length 26.
The objective is to set each of the 26 characters of the output string to either `'1'` or `'0'` based on the fact whether the Nth letter of the alpha... |
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One day Kefa found n baloons. For convenience, we denote color of i-th baloon as s_{i} — lowercase letter of the Latin alphabet. Also Kefa has k friends. Friend will be upset, If he get two baloons of the same color. Kefa want to give out all baloons to... |
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The translation from the Berland language into the Birland language is not an easy task. Those languages are very similar: a berlandish word differs from a birlandish word with the same meaning a little: it is spelled (and pronounced) reversely. For exa... |
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Alice and Bob decided to eat some fruit. In the kitchen they found a large bag of oranges and apples. Alice immediately took an orange for herself, Bob took an apple. To make the process of sharing the remaining fruit more fun, the friends decided to pl... |
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You are given two lists of segments $[al_1, ar_1], [al_2, ar_2], \dots, [al_n, ar_n]$ and $[bl_1, br_1], [bl_2, br_2], \dots, [bl_n, br_n]$.
Initially, all segments $[al_i, ar_i]$ are equal to $[l_1, r_1]$ and all segments $[bl_i, br_i]$ are equal to $... |
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It is a balmy spring afternoon, and Farmer John's n cows are ruminating about link-cut cacti in their stalls. The cows, labeled 1 through n, are arranged so that the i-th cow occupies the i-th stall from the left. However, Elsie, after realizing that sh... |
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In this Kata, you will be given a number and your task will be to rearrange the number so that it is divisible by `25`, but without leading zeros. Return the minimum number of digit moves that are needed to make this possible. If impossible, return `-1`... |
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You have a part to play in the Wars to Come.
As everyone knows, Lord Stannis Baratheon (First of His Name, King of the Andals and the First Men, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms and Protector of the Realm) is one true king. Now, he wants to conquer the North... |
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Asterix, Obelix and their temporary buddies Suffix and Prefix has finally found the Harmony temple. However, its doors were firmly locked and even Obelix had no luck opening them.
A little later they found a string s, carved on a rock below the temple'... |
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Your task is to write an update for a lottery machine. Its current version produces a sequence of random letters and integers (passed as a string to the function). Your code must filter out all letters and return **unique** integers as a string, in thei... |
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ZS the Coder loves to read the dictionary. He thinks that a word is nice if there exists a substring (contiguous segment of letters) of it of length 26 where each letter of English alphabet appears exactly once. In particular, if the string has length s... |
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A permutation is a sequence of integers from 1 to n of length n containing each number exactly once. For example, (1), (4, 3, 5, 1, 2), (3, 2, 1) are permutations, and (1, 1), (4, 3, 1), (2, 3, 4) are not.
There are many tasks on permutations. Today y... |
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Barney lives in NYC. NYC has infinite number of intersections numbered with positive integers starting from 1. There exists a bidirectional road between intersections i and 2i and another road between i and 2i + 1 for every positive integer i. You can c... |
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Vasya got really tired of these credits (from problem F) and now wants to earn the money himself! He decided to make a contest to gain a profit.
Vasya has $n$ problems to choose from. They are numbered from $1$ to $n$. The difficulty of the $i$-th prob... |
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You are given a permutation p consisting of n integers 1, 2, ..., n (a permutation is an array where each element from 1 to n occurs exactly once).
Let's call an array a bipartite if the following undirected graph is bipartite:
* the graph consists ... |
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Given is a sequence of integers A_1, A_2, ..., A_N.
If its elements are pairwise distinct, print YES; otherwise, print NO.
-----Constraints-----
- 2 ≤ N ≤ 200000
- 1 ≤ A_i ≤ 10^9
- All values in input are integers.
-----Input-----
Input is given fr... |
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Tokitsukaze has two colorful tapes. There are $n$ distinct colors, numbered $1$ through $n$, and each color appears exactly once on each of the two tapes. Denote the color of the $i$-th position of the first tape as $ca_i$, and the color of the $i$-th p... |
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Lena is the most economical girl in Moscow. So, when her dad asks her to buy some food for a trip to the country, she goes to the best store — "PriceFixed". Here are some rules of that store:
The store has an infinite number of items of every product.... |
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You are given a positive integer X.
Find the largest perfect power that is at most X.
Here, a perfect power is an integer that can be represented as b^p, where b is an integer not less than 1 and p is an integer not less than 2.
-----Constraints-----
... |
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In the previous Kata we discussed the OR case.
We will now discuss the AND case, where rather than calculating the probablility for either of two (or more) possible results, we will calculate the probability of receiving all of the viewed outcomes.
Fo... |
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Having read half of the book called "Storm and Calm" on the IT lesson, Innocentius was absolutely determined to finish the book on the maths lessons. All was fine until the math teacher Ms. Watkins saw Innocentius reading fiction books instead of solvin... |
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Bob and Alice are often participating in various programming competitions. Like many competitive programmers, Alice and Bob have good and bad days. They noticed, that their lucky and unlucky days are repeating with some period. For example, for Alice da... |
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Of course our child likes walking in a zoo. The zoo has n areas, that are numbered from 1 to n. The i-th area contains a_{i} animals in it. Also there are m roads in the zoo, and each road connects two distinct areas. Naturally the zoo is connected, so ... |
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Dice Stamp
Dice stamp
At a local fair, you found a game store you've never seen before. This is a game in which N 6-sided dice are dropped and rolled on the board. More precisely, N buttons are tied to N dice on a one-to-one basis, and pressing the bu... |
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For a given sequence A = {a0, a1, ... , an-1}, find the length of the longest increasing subsequnece (LIS) in A.
An increasing subsequence of A is defined by a subsequence {ai0, ai1, ... , aik} where 0 ≤ i0 < i1 < ... < ik < n and ai0 < ai1 < ... < aik... |
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## Snail Sort
Given an `n x n` array, return the array elements arranged from outermost elements to the middle element, traveling clockwise.
```
array = [[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]]
snail(array) #=> [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]
```
For better... |
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Petya is a beginner programmer. He has already mastered the basics of the C++ language and moved on to learning algorithms. The first algorithm he encountered was insertion sort. Petya has already written the code that implements this algorithm and sort... |
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On a certain meeting of a ruling party "A" minister Pavel suggested to improve the sewer system and to create a new pipe in the city.
The city is an n × m rectangular squared field. Each square of the field is either empty (then the pipe can go in it),... |
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Vasya decided to learn to play chess. Classic chess doesn't seem interesting to him, so he plays his own sort of chess.
The queen is the piece that captures all squares on its vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines. If the cell is located on the same ... |
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Polycarpus is sure that his life fits the description: "first there is a white stripe, then a black one, then a white one again". So, Polycarpus is sure that this rule is going to fulfill during the next n days. Polycarpus knows that he is in for w good... |
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Arkady wants to water his only flower. Unfortunately, he has a very poor watering system that was designed for $n$ flowers and so it looks like a pipe with $n$ holes. Arkady can only use the water that flows from the first hole.
Arkady can block some o... |
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A lot of people in Berland hates rain, but you do not. Rain pacifies, puts your thoughts in order. By these years you have developed a good tradition — when it rains, you go on the street and stay silent for a moment, contemplate all around you, enjoy f... |
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Berland year consists of $m$ months with $d$ days each. Months are numbered from $1$ to $m$. Berland week consists of $w$ days. The first day of the year is also the first day of the week. Note that the last week of the year might be shorter than $w$ da... |
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A stick is balanced horizontally on a support. Will it topple over or stay balanced? (This is a physics problem: imagine a real wooden stick balanced horizontally on someone's finger or on a narrow table, for example).
The stick is represented as a li... |
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There are b blocks of digits. Each one consisting of the same n digits, which are given to you in the input. Wet Shark must choose exactly one digit from each block and concatenate all of those digits together to form one large integer. For example, if ... |
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Consider a sequence made up of the consecutive prime numbers. This infinite sequence would start with:
```python
"2357111317192329313741434753596167717379..."
```
You will be given two numbers: `a` and `b`, and your task will be to return `b` elements... |
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Little Petya has recently started attending a programming club. Naturally he is facing the problem of choosing a programming language. After long considerations he realized that Java is the best choice. The main argument in favor of choosing Java was th... |
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Count the number of divisors of a positive integer `n`.
Random tests go up to `n = 500000`.
## Examples
```python
divisors(4) == 3 # 1, 2, 4
divisors(5) == 2 # 1, 5
divisors(12) == 6 # 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
divisors(30) == 8 # 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15,... |
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Many cats live on the campus of a school. Natsume's daily routine is to pet those cats. However, the cats may be capricious and go for a walk off campus.
The campus site is a rectangle with each side parallel to the x-axis or y-axis and is surrounded b... |
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## The Story
Green Lantern's long hours of study and practice with his ring have really paid off -- his skills, focus, and control have improved so much that now he can even use his ring to update and redesign his web site. Earlier today he was focusing... |
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There are $ n $ acitivities with start times $ \\ {s_i \\} $ and finish times $ \\ {t_i \\} $. Assuming that a person can only work on a single activity at a time, find the maximum number of activities that can be performed by a single person.
Constrai... |
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Write a function
```python
vowel_2_index```
that takes in a string and replaces all the vowels [a,e,i,o,u] with their respective positions within that string.
E.g:
```python
vowel_2_index('this is my string') == 'th3s 6s my str15ng'
vowel_2_index(... |
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Let's call an array $t$ dominated by value $v$ in the next situation.
At first, array $t$ should have at least $2$ elements. Now, let's calculate number of occurrences of each number $num$ in $t$ and define it as $occ(num)$. Then $t$ is dominated (by $... |
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ZS the Coder and Chris the Baboon are travelling to Udayland! To get there, they have to get on the special IOI bus. The IOI bus has n rows of seats. There are 4 seats in each row, and the seats are separated into pairs by a walkway. When ZS and Chris c... |
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For a given weighted graph G(V, E) and a source r, find the source shortest path to each vertex from the source (SSSP: Single Source Shortest Path).
Constraints
* 1 ≤ |V| ≤ 100000
* 0 ≤ di ≤ 10000
* 0 ≤ |E| ≤ 500000
* There are no parallel edges
* The... |
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Toad Pimple has an array of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$.
We say that $y$ is reachable from $x$ if $x<y$ and there exists an integer array $p$ such that $x = p_1 < p_2 < \ldots < p_k=y$, and $a_{p_i}\, \&\, a_{p_{i+1}} > 0$ for all integers $i$ suc... |
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You are given an array $a$ consisting of $n$ integers. For each $i$ ($1 \le i \le n$) the following inequality is true: $-2 \le a_i \le 2$.
You can remove any number (possibly $0$) of elements from the beginning of the array and any number (possibly $0... |
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Sometimes, I want to quickly be able to convert miles per imperial gallon into kilometers per liter.
Create an application that will display the number of kilometers per liter (output) based on the number of miles per imperial gallon (input).
Make sur... |
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In the 2050 Conference, some people from the competitive programming community meet together and are going to take a photo. The n people form a line. They are numbered from 1 to n from left to right. Each of them either holds a cardboard with the letter... |
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problem
Taro bought 10 books. Later, I tried to find out the price based on the receipt, but the receipt was dirty and I could not read the price of a book. We decided to calculate the price of the book from the total price of 10 books and the prices o... |
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Mr. Yamada Springfield Tanaka was appointed as Deputy Deputy Director of the National Land Readjustment Business Bureau. Currently, his country is in the midst of a major land readjustment, and if this land readjustment can be completed smoothly, his pr... |
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As usual, Sereja has array a, its elements are integers: a[1], a[2], ..., a[n]. Let's introduce notation:
$f(a, l, r) = \sum_{i = l}^{r} a [ i ] ; m(a) = \operatorname{max}_{1 \leq l \leq r \leq n} f(a, l, r)$
A swap operation is the following sequenc... |
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While playing yet another strategy game, Mans has recruited $n$ Swedish heroes, whose powers which can be represented as an array $a$.
Unfortunately, not all of those mighty heroes were created as capable as he wanted, so that he decided to do somethin... |
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There are 2^N players, numbered 1, 2, ..., 2^N. They decided to hold a tournament.
The tournament proceeds as follows:
* Choose a permutation of 1, 2, ..., 2^N: p_1, p_2, ..., p_{2^N}.
* The players stand in a row in the order of Player p_1, Player p_... |
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- Input: Integer `n`
- Output: String
Example:
`a(4)` prints as
```
A
A A
A A A
A A
```
`a(8)` prints as
```
A
A A
A A
A A
A A A A A
A A
A A
A ... |
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A new Berland businessman Vitaly is going to open a household appliances' store. All he's got to do now is to hire the staff.
The store will work seven days a week, but not around the clock. Every day at least k people must work in the store.
Berland ... |
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Ivan wants to play a game with you. He picked some string $s$ of length $n$ consisting only of lowercase Latin letters.
You don't know this string. Ivan has informed you about all its improper prefixes and suffixes (i.e. prefixes and suffixes of lengt... |
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Create a function that takes a Number as its argument and returns a Chinese numeral string. You don't need to validate the input argument, it will always be a Number in the range `[-99999.999, 99999.999]`, rounded to 8 decimal places.
Simplified Chines... |
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You are given two strings a and b. You have to remove the minimum possible number of consecutive (standing one after another) characters from string b in such a way that it becomes a subsequence of string a. It can happen that you will not need to remov... |
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The Aizu Wakamatsu city office decided to lay a hot water pipeline covering the whole area of the city to heat houses. The pipeline starts from some hot springs and connects every district in the city. The pipeline can fork at a hot spring or a district... |
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You're given a string containing a sequence of words separated with whitespaces. Let's say it is a sequence of patterns: a name and a corresponding number - like this:
```"red 1 yellow 2 black 3 white 4"```
You want to turn it into a different **strin... |
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Indian summer is such a beautiful time of the year! A girl named Alyona is walking in the forest and picking a bouquet from fallen leaves. Alyona is very choosy — she doesn't take a leaf if it matches the color and the species of the tree of one of the ... |
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Recently a top secret mission to Mars has taken place. As a result, scientists managed to obtain some information about the Martian DNA. Now we know that any Martian DNA contains at most m different nucleotides, numbered from 1 to m. Special characteris... |
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Takahashi loves palindromes. Non-palindromic strings are unacceptable to him. Each time he hugs a string, he can change one of its characters to any character of his choice.
Given is a string S. Find the minimum number of hugs needed to make S palindrom... |
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Given a rational number n
``` n >= 0, with denominator strictly positive```
- as a string (example: "2/3" in Ruby, Python, Clojure, JS, CS, Go)
- or as two strings (example: "2" "3" in Haskell, Java, CSharp, C++, Swift)
- or as a rational or decim... |
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Solve the mystery.
Input
The first line contains T, the number of test cases.
T lines follow each containing a single integer N.
Output
Output the answer for each test case in a new line.
Constraints
1 ≤ T ≤ 10^5
1 ≤ N ≤ 365
NOTE
There is part... |
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Way to go! Heidi now knows how many brains there must be for her to get one. But throwing herself in the midst of a clutch of hungry zombies is quite a risky endeavor. Hence Heidi wonders: what is the smallest number of brains that must be in the chest ... |
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3R2 - Standby for Action
Our dear Cafe's owner, JOE Miller, will soon take part in a new game TV-show "1 vs. $n$"!
The game goes in rounds, where in each round the host asks JOE and his opponents a common question. All participants failing to answer a... |
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After years of hard work scientists invented an absolutely new e-reader display. The new display has a larger resolution, consumes less energy and its production is cheaper. And besides, one can bend it. The only inconvenience is highly unusual manageme... |
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In this Kata, you will be given a string and your task will be to return a list of ints detailing the count of uppercase letters, lowercase, numbers and special characters, as follows.
```Haskell
Solve("*'&ABCDabcde12345") = [4,5,5,3].
--the order is:... |
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Little penguin Polo adores integer segments, that is, pairs of integers [l; r] (l ≤ r).
He has a set that consists of n integer segments: [l_1; r_1], [l_2; r_2], ..., [l_{n}; r_{n}]. We know that no two segments of this set intersect. In one move Polo... |
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In Berland, $n$ different types of banknotes are used. Banknotes of the $i$-th type have denomination $10^{a_i}$ burles (burles are the currency used in Berland); the denomination of banknotes of the first type is exactly $1$.
Let's denote $f(s)$ as th... |
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Snuke has a calculator. It has a display and two buttons.
Initially, the display shows an integer x. Snuke wants to change this value into another integer y, by pressing the following two buttons some number of times in arbitrary order:
* Button A: Wh... |
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The marketing team is spending way too much time typing in hashtags.
Let's help them with our own Hashtag Generator!
Here's the deal:
- It must start with a hashtag (`#`).
- All words must have their first letter capitalized.
- If the final result ... |
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Entrance Examination
The International Competitive Programming College (ICPC) is famous for its research on competitive programming. Applicants to the college are required to take its entrance examination.
The successful applicants of the examination ... |
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Your goal is to create a function to format a number given a template; if the number is not present, use the digits `1234567890` to fill in the spaces.
A few rules:
* the template might consist of other numbers, special characters or the like: you nee... |
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Each New Year Timofey and his friends cut down a tree of n vertices and bring it home. After that they paint all the n its vertices, so that the i-th vertex gets color ci.
Now it's time for Timofey birthday, and his mother asked him to remove the tree.... |
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You are given a string s consisting of lowercase Latin letters. Character c is called k-dominant iff each substring of s with length at least k contains this character c.
You have to find minimum k such that there exists at least one k-dominant charact... |
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A prime number is a number which has exactly two distinct divisors: one and itself. For example, numbers 2, 7, 3 are prime, and 1, 6, 4 are not.
The next prime number after x is the smallest prime number greater than x. For example, the next prime numb... |
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4 different points on the plane Read the coordinates of $ A (x_a, y_a) $, $ B (x_b, y_b) $, $ C (x_c, y_c) $, $ D (x_d, y_d) $ and read those 4 points Create a program that outputs YES if there is no dent in the quadrangle $ ABCD $ with the coordinates ... |
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You are given two strings of equal length $s$ and $t$ consisting of lowercase Latin letters. You may perform any number (possibly, zero) operations on these strings.
During each operation you choose two adjacent characters in any string and assign the ... |
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A group of university students wants to get to the top of a mountain to have a picnic there. For that they decided to use a cableway.
A cableway is represented by some cablecars, hanged onto some cable stations by a cable. A cable is scrolled cyclicall... |
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Create a function that takes a list of one or more non-negative integers, and arranges them such that they form the largest possible number.
Examples:
`largestArrangement([4, 50, 8, 145])` returns 8504145 (8-50-4-145)
`largestArrangement([4, 40, 7])`... |
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After passing a test, Vasya got himself a box of $n$ candies. He decided to eat an equal amount of candies each morning until there are no more candies. However, Petya also noticed the box and decided to get some candies for himself.
This means the pro... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Kurt reaches nirvana when he finds the product of all the digits of some positive integer. Greater value of the product makes the nirvana deeper.
Help Kurt find the maximum possible product of digits among all integers from $1$ to $n$.
-----Input----... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
We will define Ginkgo numbers and multiplication on Ginkgo numbers.
A Ginkgo number is a pair <m, n> where m and n are integers. For example, <1, 1>, <-2, 1> and <-3,-1> are Ginkgo numbers.
The multiplication on Ginkgo numbers is defined by <m, n> * <... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Jump is a simple one-player game:
You are initially at the first cell of an array of cells containing non-negative integers;
At each step you can jump ahead in the array as far as the integer at the current cell, or any smaller number of cells.
You wi... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a sequence of positive integers a1, a2, ..., an. Find all such indices i, that the i-th element equals the arithmetic mean of all other elements (that is all elements except for this one).
Input
The first line contains the integer n (2 ≤... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The sports centre needs repair. Vandals have been kicking balls so hard into the roof that some of the tiles have started sticking up. The roof is represented by r.
As a quick fix, the committee have decided to place another old roof over the top, if t... |
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