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There is BMI (Body Mass Index) as an index showing the degree of obesity. The BMI value is calculated using the following formula.
BMI = weight (kg) / (height (m)) 2
The closer the BMI value is to the standard value, the more "ideal body shape" is con... |
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In Aramic language words can only represent objects.
Words in Aramic have special properties: A word is a root if it does not contain the same letter more than once. A root and all its permutations represent the same object. The root $x$ of a word ... |
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International Coding Procedures Company (ICPC) writes all its code in Jedi Script (JS) programming language. JS does not get compiled, but is delivered for execution in its source form. Sources contain comments, extra whitespace (including trailing and ... |
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n! = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) × ... × 3 × 2 × 1
Is called the factorial of n. For example, the factorial of 12
12! = 12 x 11 x 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 479001600
And there are two consecutive 0s at the end.
Write a program that inputs t... |
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The Tower of Hanoi is a well-known mathematical puzzle. It consists of three rods, and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any rod. The puzzle starts with the disks in a neat stack in ascending order of size on one rod, the smalles... |
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Do you have in mind the good old TicTacToe?
Assuming that you get all the data in one array, you put a space around each value, `|` as a columns separator and multiple `-` as rows separator, with something like `["O", "X", " ", " ", "X", " ", "X", "O",... |
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N people run a marathon. There are M resting places on the way. For each resting place, the i-th runner takes a break with probability P_i percent. When the i-th runner takes a break, he gets rest for T_i time.
The i-th runner runs at constant speed V_... |
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Arpa is researching the Mexican wave.
There are n spectators in the stadium, labeled from 1 to n. They start the Mexican wave at time 0.
At time 1, the first spectator stands. At time 2, the second spectator stands. ... At time k, the k-th spect... |
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Pak Chanek has $n$ blank heart-shaped cards. Card $1$ is attached directly to the wall while each of the other cards is hanging onto exactly one other card by a piece of string. Specifically, card $i$ ($i > 1$) is hanging onto card $p_i$ ($p_i < i$).
I... |
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A robot is standing at the origin of the infinite two-dimensional plane. Each second the robot moves exactly $1$ meter in one of the four cardinal directions: north, south, west, and east. For the first step the robot can choose any of the four directio... |
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As a tradition, every year before IOI all the members of Natalia Fan Club are invited to Malek Dance Club to have a fun night together. Malek Dance Club has 2^{n} members and coincidentally Natalia Fan Club also has 2^{n} members. Each member of MDC is ... |
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Demiurges Shambambukli and Mazukta love to watch the games of ordinary people. Today, they noticed two men who play the following game.
There is a rooted tree on n nodes, m of which are leaves (a leaf is a nodes that does not have any children), edges ... |
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Create a function which checks a number for three different properties.
- is the number prime?
- is the number even?
- is the number a multiple of 10?
Each should return either true or false, which should be given as an array. Remark: The Haskell vari... |
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For a set $S$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that each value in $S$ must be unique.
* insert($x$): Insert $x$ to $S$ and report the number of elements in $S$ after the operation.
* find($x$): Report the number of $x$ ... |
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Maria participates in a bicycle race.
The speedway takes place on the shores of Lake Lucerne, just repeating its contour. As you know, the lake shore consists only of straight sections, directed to the north, south, east or west.
Let's introduce a sys... |
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You've got a robot, its task is destroying bombs on a square plane. Specifically, the square plane contains n bombs, the i-th bomb is at point with coordinates (x_{i}, y_{i}). We know that no two bombs are at the same point and that no bomb is at point ... |
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Let $f(x)$ be the sum of digits of a decimal number $x$.
Find the smallest non-negative integer $x$ such that $f(x) + f(x + 1) + \dots + f(x + k) = n$.
-----Input-----
The first line contains one integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 150$) — the number of test ... |
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Almost every text editor has a built-in function of center text alignment. The developers of the popular in Berland text editor «Textpad» decided to introduce this functionality into the fourth release of the product.
You are to implement the alignment... |
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Johnny is a farmer and he annually holds a beet farmers convention "Drop the beet".
Every year he takes photos of farmers handshaking. Johnny knows that no two farmers handshake more than once. He also knows that some of the possible handshake combinat... |
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< PREVIOUS KATA
NEXT KATA >
## Task:
You have to write a function `pattern` which returns the following Pattern(See Examples) upto desired number of rows.
* Note:```Returning``` the pattern is not the same as ```Printing``` the pattern.
### Paramet... |
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You are the top spy of AtCoder Kingdom. To prevent the stolen secret from being handed to AlDebaran Kingdom, you have sneaked into the party where the transaction happens.
There are N attendees in the party, and they are given attendee numbers from 1 th... |
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Jafar has n cans of cola. Each can is described by two integers: remaining volume of cola a_{i} and can's capacity b_{i} (a_{i} ≤ b_{i}).
Jafar has decided to pour all remaining cola into just 2 cans, determine if he can do this or not!
-----Input-... |
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We have a long seat of width X centimeters.
There are many people who wants to sit here. A person sitting on the seat will always occupy an interval of length Y centimeters.
We would like to seat as many people as possible, but they are all very shy, an... |
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You have a simple undirected graph consisting of $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. The graph doesn't contain self-loops, there is at most one edge between a pair of vertices. The given graph can be disconnected.
Let's make a definition.
Let $v_1$ and $v_2$ ... |
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One foggy Stockholm morning, Karlsson decided to snack on some jam in his friend Lillebror Svantenson's house. Fortunately for Karlsson, there wasn't anybody in his friend's house. Karlsson was not going to be hungry any longer, so he decided to get som... |
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The time on the planet Lapituletti goes the same way it goes on Earth but a day lasts $h$ hours and each hour lasts $m$ minutes. The inhabitants of that planet use digital clocks similar to earth ones. Clocks display time in a format HH:MM (the number o... |
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Petya loves lucky numbers. We all know that lucky numbers are the positive integers whose decimal representations contain only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Petya recently learned to determi... |
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There is a trampoline park with $n$ trampolines in a line. The $i$-th of which has strength $S_i$.
Pekora can jump on trampolines in multiple passes. She starts the pass by jumping on any trampoline of her choice.
If at the moment Pekora jumps on tram... |
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You get an array of numbers, return the sum of all of the positives ones.
Example `[1,-4,7,12]` => `1 + 7 + 12 = 20`
Note: if there is nothing to sum, the sum is default to `0`.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def positive_sum(... |
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Fox Ciel is going to publish a paper on FOCS (Foxes Operated Computer Systems, pronounce: "Fox"). She heard a rumor: the authors list on the paper is always sorted in the lexicographical order.
After checking some examples, she found out that sometime... |
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Mike is trying rock climbing but he is awful at it.
There are n holds on the wall, i-th hold is at height a_{i} off the ground. Besides, let the sequence a_{i} increase, that is, a_{i} < a_{i} + 1 for all i from 1 to n - 1; we will call such sequence ... |
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Polycarp is a great fan of television.
He wrote down all the TV programs he is interested in for today. His list contains n shows, i-th of them starts at moment l_{i} and ends at moment r_{i}.
Polycarp owns two TVs. He can watch two different shows si... |
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The amount of information on the World Wide Web is growing quite rapidly. In this information explosion age, we must survive by accessing only the Web pages containing information relevant to our own needs. One of the key technologies for this purpose i... |
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# A History Lesson
Soundex is an interesting phonetic algorithm developed nearly 100 years ago for indexing names as they are pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite... |
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In an electric circuit, when two resistors R_1 and R_2 are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance R_3 can be derived from the following formula:
* \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} = \frac{1}{R_3}
Given R_1 and R_2, find R_3.
Constraints
* 1... |
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# Task
Call two arms equally strong if the heaviest weights they each are able to lift are equal.
Call two people equally strong if their strongest arms are equally strong (the strongest arm can be both the right and the left), and so are their weake... |
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Alice and Bob are going to celebrate Christmas by playing a game with a tree of presents. The tree has n nodes (numbered 1 to n, with some node r as its root). There are a_i presents are hanging from the i-th node.
Before beginning the game, a special ... |
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Alice and Bonnie are sisters, but they don't like each other very much. So when some old family photos were found in the attic, they started to argue about who should receive which photos. In the end, they decided that they would take turns picking phot... |
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One day in the IT lesson Anna and Maria learned about the lexicographic order.
String x is lexicographically less than string y, if either x is a prefix of y (and x ≠ y), or there exists such i (1 ≤ i ≤ min(|x|, |y|)), that xi < yi, and for any j (1 ≤ ... |
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A conglomerate consists of $n$ companies. To make managing easier, their owners have decided to merge all companies into one. By law, it is only possible to merge two companies, so the owners plan to select two companies, merge them into one, and contin... |
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Determine if an N-sided polygon (not necessarily convex) with sides of length L_1, L_2, ..., L_N can be drawn in a two-dimensional plane.
You can use the following theorem:
Theorem: an N-sided polygon satisfying the condition can be drawn if and only if... |
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###BACKGROUND:
Jacob recently decided to get healthy and lose some weight. He did a lot of reading and research and after focusing on steady exercise and a healthy diet for several months, was able to shed over 50 pounds! Now he wants to share his succe... |
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You need to find if a number can be expressed as sum of two perfect powers. That is, given x find if there exists non negative integers a, b, m, n such that am + bn = x.
Input
First line of the input contains number of test cases T. It is followed by ... |
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Iroha loves Haiku. Haiku is a short form of Japanese poetry. A Haiku consists of three phrases with 5, 7 and 5 syllables, in this order.
To create a Haiku, Iroha has come up with three different phrases. These phrases have A, B and C syllables, respecti... |
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## Problem
Determine whether a positive integer number is **colorful** or not.
`263` is a colorful number because `[2, 6, 3, 2*6, 6*3, 2*6*3]` are all different; whereas `236` is not colorful, because `[2, 3, 6, 2*3, 3*6, 2*3*6]` have `6` twice.
So t... |
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When a warrior wants to talk with another one about peace or war he uses a smartphone. In one distinct country warriors who spent all time in training kata not always have enough money. So if they call some number they want to know which operator serv... |
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You are given a string S of length N consisting of A, C, G and T. Answer the following Q queries:
- Query i (1 \leq i \leq Q): You will be given integers l_i and r_i (1 \leq l_i < r_i \leq N). Consider the substring of S starting at index l_i and endin... |
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Let $n$ be an integer. Consider all permutations on integers $1$ to $n$ in lexicographic order, and concatenate them into one big sequence $p$. For example, if $n = 3$, then $p = [1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1]$. The length of thi... |
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A chess board is normally played with 16 pawns and 16 other pieces, for this kata a variant will be played with only the pawns. All other pieces will not be on the board.
For information on how pawns move, refer [here](http://www.chesscorner.com/tuto... |
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Astronaut Natasha arrived on Mars. She knows that the Martians are very poor aliens. To ensure a better life for the Mars citizens, their emperor decided to take tax from every tourist who visited the planet. Natasha is the inhabitant of Earth, therefor... |
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You are wandering in the explorer space of the 2050 Conference.
The explorer space can be viewed as an undirected weighted grid graph with size n× m. The set of vertices is \{(i, j)|1≤ i≤ n, 1≤ j≤ m\}. Two vertices (i_1,j_1) and (i_2, j_2) are connecte... |
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Hint
In solving this problem, the following may be referred to. Shows how to convert an integer value to a string. Assign value as a string to str.
For C
include <stdio.h>
int main () {
int value = 123; // Convert this value to a string
char str [6... |
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Chouti was tired of the tedious homework, so he opened up an old programming problem he created years ago.
You are given a connected undirected graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ weighted edges. There are $k$ special vertices: $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_k$.
Le... |
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A famous gang of pirates, Sea Dogs, has come back to their hideout from one of their extravagant plunders. They want to split their treasure fairly amongst themselves, that is why You, their trusted financial advisor, devised a game to help them:
All o... |
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Mr. Suzuki has opened a new mobile sales shop for freshly squeezed milk in the Aizu area. It is assumed that all the customers who come to buy that day are already in the store with bottles to take home and will not increase any more. Customers only ord... |
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Given an array A of N numbers, find the number of distinct pairs (i, j) such that j ≥i and A[i] = A[j].
First line of the input contains number of test cases T. Each test case has two lines, first line is the number N, followed by a line consisting of ... |
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Joy is a short and lazy guy, he uses elevator to reach his flat. But unfortunately elevator is not working today and he became sad. Suddenly God came and made the stairs magical, such that he can jump on it in a magical way. Initially he can take 1 or 2... |
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Alan decided to get in shape for the summer, so he created a precise workout plan to follow. His plan is to go to a different gym every day during the next N days and lift X[i] grams on day i. In order to improve his workout performance at the gym, he c... |
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When Masha came to math classes today, she saw two integer sequences of length $n - 1$ on the blackboard. Let's denote the elements of the first sequence as $a_i$ ($0 \le a_i \le 3$), and the elements of the second sequence as $b_i$ ($0 \le b_i \le 3$).... |
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# Definition
A **_Tidy number_** *is a number whose* **_digits are in non-decreasing order_**.
___
# Task
**_Given_** a number, **_Find if it is Tidy or not_** .
____
# Warm-up (Highly recommended)
# [Playing With Numbers Series](https://www.code... |
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Snuke can change a string t of length N into a string t' of length N - 1 under the following rule:
* For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ N - 1), the i-th character of t' must be either the i-th or (i + 1)-th character of t.
There is a string s consisting of lowerca... |
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Once upon a time Mike and Mike decided to come up with an outstanding problem for some stage of ROI (rare olympiad in informatics). One of them came up with a problem prototype but another stole the idea and proposed that problem for another stage of th... |
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Counting was a difficult task in ancient Rome. The Arabic numerals 0,1,2,3,…, 9 have not yet been disseminated. Instead, the following symbols were used:
Arabic numerals | Roman numerals | Arabic numerals | Roman numerals | Arabic numerals | Roman nume... |
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Oh, no!
The coronavirus has caught you, and now you're sitting in a dark cellar, with tied legs (but not hands). You have a delicious cookie, a laptop in front of you, and your ideal development environment is open. The coronavirus convinces you to sol... |
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Mr.X, who the handle name is T, looked at the list which written N handle names, S_1, S_2, ..., S_N.
But he couldn't see some parts of the list. Invisible part is denoted `?`.
Please calculate all possible index of the handle name of Mr.X when you sort... |
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Mishka is decorating the Christmas tree. He has got three garlands, and all of them will be put on the tree. After that Mishka will switch these garlands on.
When a garland is switched on, it periodically changes its state — sometimes it is lit, someti... |
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Natasha travels around Mars in the Mars rover. But suddenly it broke down, namely — the logical scheme inside it. The scheme is an undirected tree (connected acyclic graph) with a root in the vertex 1, in which every leaf (excluding root) is an input, a... |
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Baby Badawy's first words were "AND 0 SUM BIG", so he decided to solve the following problem. Given two integers $n$ and $k$, count the number of arrays of length $n$ such that:
all its elements are integers between $0$ and $2^k-1$ (inclusive);
the bi... |
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Some time ago Mister B detected a strange signal from the space, which he started to study.
After some transformation the signal turned out to be a permutation p of length n or its cyclic shift. For the further investigation Mister B need some basis, t... |
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Your task is to develop a tiny little part of spreadsheet software.
Write a program which adds up columns and rows of given table as shown in the following figure:
<image>
Input
The input consists of several datasets. Each dataset consists of:
n... |
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For given integers m and n, compute mn (mod 1,000,000,007). Here, A (mod M) is the remainder when A is divided by M.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ m ≤ 100
* 1 ≤ n ≤ 109
Input
m n
Two integers m and n are given in a line.
Output
Print mn (mod 1,000,000,007)... |
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"You must lift the dam. With a lever. I will give it to you.
You must block the canal. With a rock. I will not give the rock to you."
Danik urgently needs rock and lever! Obviously, the easiest way to get these things is to ask Hermit Lizard for them... |
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The season for Snuke Festival has come again this year. First of all, Ringo will perform a ritual to summon Snuke. For the ritual, he needs an altar, which consists of three parts, one in each of the three categories: upper, middle and lower.
He has N ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
Given a string S consisting of only 1s and 0s, find the number of substrings which start and end both in 1.
In this problem, a substring is defined as a sequence of continuous characters S_{i... |
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$k$ people want to split $n$ candies between them. Each candy should be given to exactly one of them or be thrown away.
The people are numbered from $1$ to $k$, and Arkady is the first of them. To split the candies, Arkady will choose an integer $x$ an... |
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A robot cleaner is placed on the floor of a rectangle room, surrounded by walls. The floor consists of $n$ rows and $m$ columns. The rows of the floor are numbered from $1$ to $n$ from top to bottom, and columns of the floor are numbered from $1$ to $m$... |
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You are given $n$ points on the plane. The polygon formed from all the $n$ points is strictly convex, that is, the polygon is convex, and there are no three collinear points (i.e. lying in the same straight line). The points are numbered from $1$ to $n$... |
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Bob watches TV every day. He always sets the volume of his TV to $b$. However, today he is angry to find out someone has changed the volume to $a$. Of course, Bob has a remote control that can change the volume.
There are six buttons ($-5, -2, -1, +1, ... |
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The height of the student was measured at the medical examination. Create a program that takes height data as input, creates a frequency distribution, and outputs it. The frequency distribution is divided into 6 classes in 5 cm increments, and the numbe... |
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German mathematician Christian Goldbach (1690-1764) [conjectured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture) that every even number greater than 2 can be represented by the sum of two prime numbers. For example, `10` can be represented as `3... |
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Cirno_9baka has a paper tape with $n$ cells in a row on it. As he thinks that the blank paper tape is too dull, he wants to paint these cells with $m$ kinds of colors. For some aesthetic reasons, he thinks that the $i$-th color must be used exactly $a_i... |
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Paprika loves permutations. She has an array $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. She wants to make the array a permutation of integers $1$ to $n$.
In order to achieve this goal, she can perform operations on the array. In each operation she can choose two integers... |
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Let's denote as <image> the number of bits set ('1' bits) in the binary representation of the non-negative integer x.
You are given multiple queries consisting of pairs of integers l and r. For each query, find the x, such that l ≤ x ≤ r, and <image> i... |
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Taro is an elementary school student and has graffiti on the back of the leaflet. At one point, Taro came up with the next game.
* Write n × n grid-like squares.
* The initial state of each square is either marked or unmarked.
* Erase or write these ci... |
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Consider a linear function f(x) = Ax + B. Let's define g^{(0)}(x) = x and g^{(}n)(x) = f(g^{(}n - 1)(x)) for n > 0. For the given integer values A, B, n and x find the value of g^{(}n)(x) modulo 10^9 + 7.
-----Input-----
The only line contains four i... |
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Have you heard about the myth that [if you fold a paper enough times, you can reach the moon with it](http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2009/08/31/paper-folding-to-the-moon/)? Sure you have, but exactly how many? Maybe it's time to write a program... |
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Nikolay lives in a two-storied house. There are $n$ rooms on each floor, arranged in a row and numbered from one from left to right. So each room can be represented by the number of the floor and the number of the room on this floor (room number is an i... |
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Origami, or the art of folding paper
Master Grus is a famous origami (paper folding) artist, who is enthusiastic about exploring the possibility of origami art. For future creation, he is now planning fundamental experiments to establish the general th... |
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The finalists of the "Russian Code Cup" competition in 2214 will be the participants who win in one of the elimination rounds.
The elimination rounds are divided into main and additional. Each of the main elimination rounds consists of c problems, the ... |
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There is an automatic door at the entrance of a factory. The door works in the following way: when one or several people come to the door and it is closed, the door immediately opens automatically and all people immediately come inside, when one or se... |
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Gerald is setting the New Year table. The table has the form of a circle; its radius equals R. Gerald invited many guests and is concerned whether the table has enough space for plates for all those guests. Consider all plates to be round and have the s... |
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Given an array of integers.
Return an array, where the first element is the count of positives numbers and the second element is sum of negative numbers.
If the input array is empty or null, return an empty array.
# Example
For input `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5... |
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William has two numbers $a$ and $b$ initially both equal to zero. William mastered performing three different operations with them quickly. Before performing each operation some positive integer $k$ is picked, which is then used to perform one of the fo... |
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Little penguin Polo adores strings. But most of all he adores strings of length n.
One day he wanted to find a string that meets the following conditions:
1. The string consists of n lowercase English letters (that is, the string's length equals n),... |
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You are given a binary string $s$ (recall that a string is binary if each character is either $0$ or $1$).
Let $f(t)$ be the decimal representation of integer $t$ written in binary form (possibly with leading zeroes). For example $f(011) = 3, f(00101) ... |
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Giant chess is quite common in Geraldion. We will not delve into the rules of the game, we'll just say that the game takes place on an h × w field, and it is painted in two colors, but not like in chess. Almost all cells of the field are white and only ... |
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In 2028 and after a continuous growth, AtCoder Inc. finally built an empire with six cities (City 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)!
There are five means of transport in this empire:
- Train: travels from City 1 to 2 in one minute. A train can occupy at most A people.... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Story:
In the realm of numbers, the apocalypse has arrived. Hordes of zombie numbers have infiltrated and are ready to turn everything into undead. The properties of zombies are truly apocalyptic: they reproduce themselves unlimitedly and freely interac... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Given is an integer N.
Determine whether there is a pair of positive integers (A, B) such that 3^A + 5^B = N, and find one such pair if it exists.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq N \leq 10^{18}
- All values in input are integers.
-----Input-----
Inpu... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Alice gave Bob two integers $a$ and $b$ ($a > 0$ and $b \ge 0$). Being a curious boy, Bob wrote down an array of non-negative integers with $\operatorname{MEX}$ value of all elements equal to $a$ and $\operatorname{XOR}$ value of all elements equal to $... |
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