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In the army, it isn't easy to form a group of soldiers that will be effective on the battlefield. The communication is crucial and thus no two soldiers should share a name (what would happen if they got an order that Bob is a scouter, if there are two B... |
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Beroffice text editor has a wide range of features that help working with text. One of the features is an automatic search for typos and suggestions of how to fix them.
Beroffice works only with small English letters (i.e. with 26 letters from a to z).... |
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Evlampiy has found one more cool application to process photos. However the application has certain limitations.
Each photo i has a contrast vi. In order for the processing to be truly of high quality, the application must receive at least k photos wit... |
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Students went into a class to write a test and sat in some way. The teacher thought: "Probably they sat in this order to copy works of each other. I need to rearrange them in such a way that students that were neighbors are not neighbors in a new seatin... |
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When registering in a social network, users are allowed to create their own convenient login to make it easier to share contacts, print it on business cards, etc.
Login is an arbitrary sequence of lower and uppercase latin letters, digits and underline... |
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An atom of element X can exist in n distinct states with energies E1 < E2 < ... < En. Arkady wants to build a laser on this element, using a three-level scheme. Here is a simplified description of the scheme.
Three distinct states i, j and k are selec... |
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You're given a tree with n vertices.
Your task is to determine the maximum possible number of edges that can be removed in such a way that all the remaining connected components will have even size.
Input
The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤... |
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Again a simple task from Oz! He has given you two strings STR1 and STR2. Each character of both strings is from the set {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J}. You can perform 3 types of conversions on string STR1 :
Replace a character(except 'J') by next chara... |
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After a furious battle Pirate Jack won a battle against Captain Luthur. Pirate Jack found a golden chest from Luthur's treasures. But the problem is that Luthur's coders have locked this chest. You have found the function which Luthurs Coders wrote to l... |
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You are the top spy of AtCoder Kingdom. To prevent the stolen secret from being handed to AlDebaran Kingdom, you have sneaked into the party where the transaction happens.
There are N attendees in the party, and they are given attendee numbers from 1 t... |
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At an arcade, Takahashi is playing a game called RPS Battle, which is played as follows:
* The player plays N rounds of Rock Paper Scissors against the machine. (See Notes for the description of Rock Paper Scissors. A draw also counts as a round.)
* Ea... |
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In 2020, AtCoder Inc. with an annual sales of more than one billion yen (the currency of Japan) has started a business in programming education.
One day, there was an exam where a one-year-old child must write a program that prints `Hello World`, and a ... |
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You are given sequences A and B consisting of non-negative integers. The lengths of both A and B are N, and the sums of the elements in A and B are equal. The i-th element in A is A_i, and the i-th element in B is B_i.
Tozan and Gezan repeats the follo... |
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Takahashi is an expert of Clone Jutsu, a secret art that creates copies of his body.
On a number line, there are N copies of Takahashi, numbered 1 through N. The i-th copy is located at position X_i and starts walking with velocity V_i in the positive ... |
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There is a string s of length 3 or greater. No two neighboring characters in s are equal.
Takahashi and Aoki will play a game against each other. The two players alternately performs the following operation, Takahashi going first:
* Remove one of the ... |
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There are N children in AtCoder Kindergarten. Mr. Evi will arrange the children in a line, then give 1 candy to the first child in the line, 2 candies to the second child, ..., N candies to the N-th child. How many candies will be necessary in total?
C... |
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Mr. Suzuki has opened a new mobile sales shop for freshly squeezed milk in the Aizu area. It is assumed that all the customers who come to buy that day are already in the store with bottles to take home and will not increase any more. Customers only ord... |
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Consider the following game. There are k pairs of n cards with numbers from 1 to n written one by one. Shuffle these kn cards well to make piles of k cards and arrange them in a horizontal row. The i-th (k-card) pile from the left of the n piles created... |
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Nantendo Co., Ltd. has released a game software called Packet Monster. This game was intended to catch, raise, and fight monsters, and was a very popular game all over the world.
This game had features not found in traditional games. There are two vers... |
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Amber Claes Maes, a patissier, opened her own shop last month. She decided to submit her work to the International Chocolate Patissier Competition to promote her shop, and she was pursuing a recipe of sweet chocolate bars. After thousands of trials, she... |
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Problem statement
There is a rational number sequence $ X_0, X_1, X_2, ..., X_N $. Each term is defined as follows.
1. $ X_0 = 0 $
2. $ X_i = X_ {i-1} $ $ op_i $ $ Y_i $ ($ 1 \ leq i \ leq N $). However, $ op_i $ is $ + $, $ − $, $ × $, $ ÷ $ Either.... |
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Problem Statement
Do you know the data structure called BDD (Binary Decision Diagram)? In recent years, ZDD, which has become a hot topic in the video related to Combinatorial Explosion Sister, is a data structure derived from BDD. This problem is a ba... |
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Example
Input
3
aab
czc
baa
Output
aac
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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B: Dansunau www --Dance Now!-
story
Last lab life! Daigakuin! !! Dosanko Snow has won 9th place in the event "Master Idol World", which can be said to be the outpost of the biggest competition "Lab Life" where master idols compete. The sharp dance is ... |
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D: Two Colors Sort
problem
During the walk, umg found a sequence of length N, P_1, P_2, ..., P_N, which can be made by rearranging 1,2, ..., N.
umg can use mysterious powers to exchange places by choosing two different numbers painted in the same col... |
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Write a program which manipulates a sequence A = {a1, a2, . . . , an} with the following operations:
* add(s, t, x): add x to as, as+1, ..., at.
* getSum(s, t): report the sum of as, as+1, ..., at.
Note that the initial values of ai (i = 1, 2, . . .... |
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Natasha is going to fly on a rocket to Mars and return to Earth. Also, on the way to Mars, she will land on n - 2 intermediate planets. Formally: we number all the planets from 1 to n. 1 is Earth, n is Mars. Natasha will make exactly n flights: 1 → 2 → ... |
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Mr. F has n positive integers, a_1, a_2, …, a_n.
He thinks the greatest common divisor of these integers is too small. So he wants to enlarge it by removing some of the integers.
But this problem is too simple for him, so he does not want to do it by ... |
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Polycarp, Arkady's friend, prepares to the programming competition and decides to write a contest. The contest consists of n problems and lasts for T minutes. Each of the problems is defined by two positive integers a_i and p_i — its difficulty and the ... |
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As a German University in Cairo (GUC) student and a basketball player, Herr Wafa was delighted once he heard the news. GUC is finally participating in the Annual Basketball Competition (ABC).
A team is to be formed of n players, all of which are GUC s... |
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Petya loves lucky numbers. We all know that lucky numbers are the positive integers whose decimal representations contain only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Petya wonders eagerly what minimu... |
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At the first holiday in spring, the town Shortriver traditionally conducts a flower festival. Townsfolk wear traditional wreaths during these festivals. Each wreath contains exactly k flowers.
The work material for the wreaths for all n citizens of Sho... |
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Your favorite shop sells n Kinder Surprise chocolate eggs. You know that exactly s stickers and exactly t toys are placed in n eggs in total.
Each Kinder Surprise can be one of three types:
* it can contain a single sticker and no toy;
* it can c... |
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You are an environmental activist at heart but the reality is harsh and you are just a cashier in a cinema. But you can still do something!
You have n tickets to sell. The price of the i-th ticket is p_i. As a teller, you have a possibility to select t... |
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Byteburg Senate elections are coming. Usually "United Byteland", the ruling Byteland party, takes all the seats in the Senate to ensure stability and sustainable development. But this year there is one opposition candidate in one of the constituencies. ... |
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Alice has a cute cat. To keep her cat fit, Alice wants to design an exercising walk for her cat!
Initially, Alice's cat is located in a cell (x,y) of an infinite grid. According to Alice's theory, cat needs to move:
* exactly a steps left: from (u... |
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There are n candies in a row, they are numbered from left to right from 1 to n. The size of the i-th candy is a_i.
Alice and Bob play an interesting and tasty game: they eat candy. Alice will eat candy from left to right, and Bob — from right to left. ... |
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In Omkar's last class of math, he learned about the least common multiple, or LCM. LCM(a, b) is the smallest positive integer x which is divisible by both a and b.
Omkar, having a laudably curious mind, immediately thought of a problem involving the LC... |
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Boboniu gives you
* r red balls,
* g green balls,
* b blue balls,
* w white balls.
He allows you to do the following operation as many times as you want:
* Pick a red ball, a green ball, and a blue ball and then change their color to... |
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Polycarp has a string s[1 ... n] of length n consisting of decimal digits. Polycarp performs the following operation with the string s no more than once (i.e. he can perform operation 0 or 1 time):
* Polycarp selects two numbers i and j (1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤... |
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The brave Knight came to the King and asked permission to marry the princess. The King knew that the Knight was brave, but he also wanted to know if he was smart enough. So he asked him to solve the following task.
There is a permutation p_i of numbers... |
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Polycarp came up with a new programming language. There are only two types of statements in it:
* "x := s": assign the variable named x the value s (where s is a string). For example, the statement var := hello assigns the variable named var the val... |
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Some dwarves that are finishing the StUDY (State University for Dwarven Youngsters) Bachelor courses, have been told "no genome, no degree". That means that all dwarves should write a thesis on genome. Dwarven genome is far from simple. It is represente... |
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John Doe has an n × m table. John Doe can paint points in some table cells, not more than one point in one table cell. John Doe wants to use such operations to make each square subtable of size n × n have exactly k points.
John Doe wondered, how many d... |
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The Little Elephant has an integer a, written in the binary notation. He wants to write this number on a piece of paper.
To make sure that the number a fits on the piece of paper, the Little Elephant ought to delete exactly one any digit from number a ... |
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Capitalization is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter. Your task is to capitalize the given word.
Note, that during capitalization all the letters except the first one remains unchanged.
Input
A single line contains a non-empty w... |
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Recently a serious bug has been found in the FOS code. The head of the F company wants to find the culprit and punish him. For that, he set up an organizational meeting, the issue is: who's bugged the code? Each of the n coders on the meeting said: 'I k... |
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DZY has a hash table with p buckets, numbered from 0 to p - 1. He wants to insert n numbers, in the order they are given, into the hash table. For the i-th number xi, DZY will put it into the bucket numbered h(xi), where h(x) is the hash function. In th... |
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Little X and Little Z are good friends. They always chat online. But both of them have schedules.
Little Z has fixed schedule. He always online at any moment of time between a1 and b1, between a2 and b2, ..., between ap and bp (all borders inclusive). ... |
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Hiking club "Up the hill" just returned from a walk. Now they are trying to remember which hills they've just walked through.
It is known that there were N stops, all on different integer heights between 1 and N kilometers (inclusive) above the sea lev... |
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Little Johnny has recently learned about set theory. Now he is studying binary relations. You've probably heard the term "equivalence relation". These relations are very important in many areas of mathematics. For example, the equality of the two number... |
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A team of furry rescue rangers was sitting idle in their hollow tree when suddenly they received a signal of distress. In a few moments they were ready, and the dirigible of the rescue chipmunks hit the road.
We assume that the action takes place on a ... |
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You are given the string s of length n and the numbers p, q. Split the string s to pieces of length p and q.
For example, the string "Hello" for p = 2, q = 3 can be split to the two strings "Hel" and "lo" or to the two strings "He" and "llo".
Note it ... |
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Grandma Laura came to the market to sell some apples. During the day she sold all the apples she had. But grandma is old, so she forgot how many apples she had brought to the market.
She precisely remembers she had n buyers and each of them bought exac... |
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You are given n points on a plane. All the points are distinct and no three of them lie on the same line. Find the number of parallelograms with the vertices at the given points.
Input
The first line of the input contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000) — th... |
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Masha wants to open her own bakery and bake muffins in one of the n cities numbered from 1 to n. There are m bidirectional roads, each of whose connects some pair of cities.
To bake muffins in her bakery, Masha needs to establish flour supply from some... |
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There is a square box 6 × 6 in size. It contains 36 chips 1 × 1 in size. Those chips contain 36 different characters — "0"-"9" and "A"-"Z". There is exactly one chip with each character.
You are allowed to make the following operations: you may choose ... |
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Vova again tries to play some computer card game.
The rules of deck creation in this game are simple. Vova is given an existing deck of n cards and a magic number k. The order of the cards in the deck is fixed. Each card has a number written on it; num... |
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Calculate the minimum number of characters you need to change in the string s, so that it contains at least k different letters, or print that it is impossible.
String s consists only of lowercase Latin letters, and it is allowed to change characters o... |
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Ivan has an array consisting of n elements. Each of the elements is an integer from 1 to n.
Recently Ivan learned about permutations and their lexicographical order. Now he wants to change (replace) minimum number of elements in his array in such a way... |
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Vasya the programmer lives in the middle of the Programming subway branch. He has two girlfriends: Dasha and Masha, who live at the different ends of the branch, each one is unaware of the other one's existence.
When Vasya has some free time, he goes t... |
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The following problem is well-known: given integers n and m, calculate
<image>,
where 2n = 2·2·...·2 (n factors), and <image> denotes the remainder of division of x by y.
You are asked to solve the "reverse" problem. Given integers n and m, calculat... |
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Fafa owns a company that works on huge projects. There are n employees in Fafa's company. Whenever the company has a new project to start working on, Fafa has to divide the tasks of this project among all the employees.
Fafa finds doing this every time... |
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Akshara is a Maths teacher at Dynamic Public School.One day she decided to take an unusual test of all her students.She took all her students to a fair.There she took them to a candy room.The room had 2 doors and behind each door was unlimited supply of... |
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An altar enshrines N stones arranged in a row from left to right. The color of the i-th stone from the left (1 \leq i \leq N) is given to you as a character c_i; `R` stands for red and `W` stands for white.
You can do the following two kinds of operati... |
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We have a tree with N vertices numbered 1 to N. The i-th edge in this tree connects Vertex a_i and b_i. For each k=1, ..., N, solve the problem below:
* Consider writing a number on each vertex in the tree in the following manner:
* First, write 1 on V... |
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Given are a positive integer N and a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.
Determine whether the string is a concatenation of two copies of some string. That is, determine whether there is a string T such that S = T + T.
Constr... |
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Determine if an N-sided polygon (not necessarily convex) with sides of length L_1, L_2, ..., L_N can be drawn in a two-dimensional plane.
You can use the following theorem:
Theorem: an N-sided polygon satisfying the condition can be drawn if and only ... |
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The number 105 is quite special - it is odd but still it has eight divisors. Now, your task is this: how many odd numbers with exactly eight positive divisors are there between 1 and N (inclusive)?
Constraints
* N is an integer between 1 and 200 (incl... |
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Input Format
N K
a_1 a_2 a_3 ... a_N
Output Format
Print the minimum cost in one line. In the end put a line break.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ K ≤ N ≤ 15
* 1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9
Scoring
Subtask 1 [120 points]
* N = K
Subtask 2 [90 points]
* N ≤ 5
* a_i... |
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Prime numbers are widely applied for cryptographic and communication technology. A twin prime is a prime number that differs from another prime number by 2. For example, (5, 7) and (11, 13) are twin prime pairs.
In this problem, we call the greater num... |
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She was worried. The grades are not good. Although she forced her parents to enroll in a dormitory school, her talent never blossomed. Or maybe he didn't have the talent in the first place, but it was possible that he didn't want to think about it as mu... |
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Example
Input
3 3 1 2 4
1 2
2 3
3 1
Output
IMPOSSIBLE
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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There is a frog living in a big pond. He loves jumping between lotus leaves floating on the pond. Interestingly, these leaves have strange habits. First, a leaf will sink into the water after the frog jumps from it. Second, they are aligned regularly as... |
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In 21XX, an annual programming contest, Japan Algorithmist GrandPrix (JAG) has become one of the most popular mind sports events.
JAG is conducted as a knockout tournament. This year, $N$ contestants will compete in JAG. A tournament chart is represent... |
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Write a program which reads an integer $S$ [second] and converts it to $h:m:s$ where $h$, $m$, $s$ denote hours, minutes (less than 60) and seconds (less than 60) respectively.
Constraints
* $0 \leq S \leq 86400$
Input
An integer $S$ is given in a l... |
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Don't you tell me what you think that I can be
If you say that Arkady is a bit old-fashioned playing checkers, you won't be right. There is also a modern computer game Arkady and his friends are keen on. We won't discuss its rules, the only feature imp... |
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This is an interactive problem
You are given a grid n× n, where n is odd. Rows are enumerated from 1 to n from up to down, columns are enumerated from 1 to n from left to right. Cell, standing on the intersection of row x and column y, is denoted by (x... |
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This is an easier version of the problem. In this version, n ≤ 500.
Vasya is an experienced developer of programming competitions' problems. As all great minds at some time, Vasya faced a creative crisis. To improve the situation, Petya gifted him a st... |
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You are given two integers n and m. Calculate the number of pairs of arrays (a, b) such that:
* the length of both arrays is equal to m;
* each element of each array is an integer between 1 and n (inclusive);
* a_i ≤ b_i for any index i from 1 ... |
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Input
The input consists of a single string of uppercase letters A-Z. The length of the string is between 1 and 10 characters, inclusive.
Output
Output "YES" or "NO".
Examples
Input
GENIUS
Output
YES
Input
DOCTOR
Output
NO
Input
... |
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This is the hard version of the problem. The difference between versions is the constraints on n and a_i. You can make hacks only if all versions of the problem are solved.
First, Aoi came up with the following idea for the competitive programming prob... |
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Everyone knows that agents in Valorant decide, who will play as attackers, and who will play as defenders. To do that Raze and Breach decided to play t matches of a digit game...
In each of t matches of the digit game, a positive integer is generated. ... |
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You got a job as a marketer in a pet shop, and your current task is to boost sales of cat food. One of the strategies is to sell cans of food in packs with discounts.
Suppose you decided to sell packs with a cans in a pack with a discount and some cus... |
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In recent years John has very successfully settled at his new job at the office. But John doesn't like to idly sit around while his code is compiling, so he immediately found himself an interesting distraction. The point of his distraction was to mainta... |
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Polycarp has n friends, the i-th of his friends has a_i candies. Polycarp's friends do not like when they have different numbers of candies. In other words they want all a_i to be the same. To solve this, Polycarp performs the following set of actions e... |
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The Smart Beaver from ABBYY came up with another splendid problem for the ABBYY Cup participants! This time the Beaver invites the contest participants to check out a problem on sorting documents by their subjects. Let's describe the problem:
You've go... |
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One day Vasya was going home when he saw a box lying on the road. The box can be represented as a rectangular parallelepiped. Vasya needed no time to realize that the box is special, as all its edges are parallel to the coordinate axes, one of its verti... |
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Momiji has got a rooted tree, consisting of n nodes. The tree nodes are numbered by integers from 1 to n. The root has number 1. Momiji decided to play a game on this tree.
The game consists of several steps. On each step, Momiji chooses one of the rem... |
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You are given a rectangle grid. That grid's size is n × m. Let's denote the coordinate system on the grid. So, each point on the grid will have coordinates — a pair of integers (x, y) (0 ≤ x ≤ n, 0 ≤ y ≤ m).
Your task is to find a maximum sub-rectangle... |
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Let's assume that
* v(n) is the largest prime number, that does not exceed n;
* u(n) is the smallest prime number strictly greater than n.
Find <image>.
Input
The first line contains integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 500) — the number of testscases.
Each... |
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During a recent research Berland scientists found out that there were n cities in Ancient Berland, joined by two-way paths. Any two cities are joined by no more than one path. No path joins a city with itself. According to a well-known tradition, the ro... |
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Polycarpus likes giving presents to Paraskevi. He has bought two chocolate bars, each of them has the shape of a segmented rectangle. The first bar is a1 × b1 segments large and the second one is a2 × b2 segments large.
Polycarpus wants to give Paraske... |
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An army of n droids is lined up in one row. Each droid is described by m integers a1, a2, ..., am, where ai is the number of details of the i-th type in this droid's mechanism. R2-D2 wants to destroy the sequence of consecutive droids of maximum length.... |
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There is an infinite sequence consisting of all positive integers in the increasing order: p = {1, 2, 3, ...}. We performed n swap operations with this sequence. A swap(a, b) is an operation of swapping the elements of the sequence on positions a and b.... |
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Little Lesha loves listening to music via his smartphone. But the smartphone doesn't have much memory, so Lesha listens to his favorite songs in a well-known social network InTalk.
Unfortunately, internet is not that fast in the city of Ekaterinozavods... |
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BerOilGasDiamondBank has branches in n cities, at that n is an even number. The bank management wants to publish a calendar with the names of all those cities written in two columns: the calendar should consist of exactly n / 2 lines of strictly equal l... |
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Each month Blake gets the report containing main economic indicators of the company "Blake Technologies". There are n commodities produced by the company. For each of them there is exactly one integer in the final report, that denotes corresponding reve... |
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Author has gone out of the stories about Vasiliy, so here is just a formal task description.
You are given q queries and a multiset A, initially containing only integer 0. There are three types of queries:
1. "+ x" — add integer x to multiset A.
2... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A stowaway and a controller play the following game.
The train is represented by n wagons which are numbered with positive integers from 1 to n from the head to the tail. The stowaway and the controller are initially in some two different wagons. Ever... |
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