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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are an experienced Codeforces user. Today you found out that during your activity on Codeforces you have made y submissions, out of which x have been successful. Thus, your current success rate on Codeforces is equal to x / y.
Your favorite rationa... |
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A dragon symbolizes wisdom, power and wealth. On Lunar New Year's Day, people model a dragon with bamboo strips and clothes, raise them with rods, and hold the rods high and low to resemble a flying dragon.
A performer holding the rod low is represente... |
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You are given n strings. Each string consists of lowercase English letters. Rearrange (reorder) the given strings in such a way that for every string, all strings that are placed before it are its substrings.
String a is a substring of string b if it i... |
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Given an array a of N integers a1, a2, a3, ... aN you have to find the longest alternating sub-sequence of this array .
An alternating sequence b1, b2 ... bk, k ≥ 1 is a sequence that has the 2 following properties:
1.|b1|<|b2|<|b3|<.....<|bk|
2. The... |
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Monk has a very good friend, Puchi. As weird as his name, are the games he plays.
One fine day, they decided to play a game to test how diverse their choices are. Both of them choose exactly one integer each. Monk chooses an integer M and Puchi chooses... |
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Today professor Ka has given a string task to Oz and RK. He has given a string STR consisting only of characters '(' and ')' and asked them to convert the string STR into a closed one by adding parenthesis to start and/or end of string STR.
This means... |
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Roy is going to organize Finals of Coding Contest in his college's computer labs. According to the rules of contest, problem statements will be available on each computer as pdf file.
Now there are N number of computers and only one of them has the pdf... |
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Utkarsh is going to Cherrapunji to visit his brother Saharsh. Cherrapunji faces one of largest rainfall in the country. So, Saharsh and Utkarsh decided to measure this rainfall by T Rain Gauges. They were going to measure it by taking the product of the... |
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You will turn on the air conditioner if, and only if, the temperature of the room is 30 degrees Celsius or above.
The current temperature of the room is X degrees Celsius. Will you turn on the air conditioner?
Constraints
* -40 \leq X \leq 40
* X is ... |
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There is a circular pond with a perimeter of K meters, and N houses around them.
The i-th house is built at a distance of A_i meters from the northmost point of the pond, measured clockwise around the pond.
When traveling between these houses, you can... |
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N programmers are going to participate in the preliminary stage of DDCC 20XX. Due to the size of the venue, however, at most 9 contestants can participate in the finals.
The preliminary stage consists of several rounds, which will take place as follows... |
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E869120 has A 1-yen coins and infinitely many 500-yen coins.
Determine if he can pay exactly N yen using only these coins.
Constraints
* N is an integer between 1 and 10000 (inclusive).
* A is an integer between 0 and 1000 (inclusive).
Input
Input i... |
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We have a grid with N rows and M columns of squares. Initially, all the squares are white.
There is a button attached to each row and each column. When a button attached to a row is pressed, the colors of all the squares in that row are inverted; that ... |
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Joisino has a bar of length N, which has M marks on it. The distance from the left end of the bar to the i-th mark is X_i.
She will place several squares on this bar. Here, the following conditions must be met:
* Only squares with integral length side... |
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Rng is baking cookies.
Initially, he can bake one cookie per second.
He can also eat the cookies baked by himself. When there are x cookies not yet eaten, he can choose to eat all those cookies. After he finishes eating those cookies, the number of co... |
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"Fukusekiken" is a popular ramen shop where you can line up. But recently, I've heard some customers say, "I can't afford to have vacant seats when I enter the store, even though I have a long waiting time." I'd like to find out why such dissatisfaction... |
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There was a powerful school where powerful people gathered. At the athletic meet of the powerful school, powerful people march in a formation.
While the powerhouses always want to show off their power, most of them don't want to walk on their own. So I... |
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problem
You decide to invite your friends of the school and your friends of a friend to the Christmas party. The number of students in your school is n, and each student is assigned a number from 1 to n. Your number is 1. You have a list of who and who... |
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I came to the summer festival with the elementary school students in my neighborhood. To put it bluntly, it plays the role of a guardian, but the smell of yakisoba and takoyaki in the store, and the sound of fireworks that can be heard from time to time... |
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The surveyor starship Hakodate-maru is famous for her two fuel containers with unbounded capacities. They hold the same type of atomic fuel balls.
There, however, is an inconvenience. The shapes of the fuel containers #1 and #2 are always cubic and reg... |
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There is a tree that has n nodes and n-1 edges. There are military bases on t out of the n nodes. We want to disconnect the bases as much as possible by destroying k edges. The tree will be split into k+1 regions when we destroy k edges. Given the purpo... |
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Problem
Gaccho loses motivation as the final exam approaches and often misses school.
There are N days left until the final exam.
Gaccho's motivation on day i is Xi, and the motivation needed to go to school on day i is Yi.
Gaccho goes to school only o... |
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Write a program which reads an directed graph $G = (V, E)$, and finds the shortest distance from vertex $1$ to each vertex (the number of edges in the shortest path). Vertices are identified by IDs $1, 2, ... n$.
Constraints
* $1 \leq n \leq 100$
Inp... |
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Write a program which reads the two dices constructed in the same way as Dice I, and determines whether these two dices are identical. You can roll a dice in the same way as Dice I, and if all integers observed from the six directions are the same as th... |
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Recently, you bought a brand new smart lamp with programming features. At first, you set up a schedule to the lamp. Every day it will turn power on at moment 0 and turn power off at moment M. Moreover, the lamp allows you to set a program of switching i... |
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Is there anything better than going to the zoo after a tiresome week at work? No wonder Grisha feels the same while spending the entire weekend accompanied by pretty striped zebras.
Inspired by this adventure and an accidentally found plasticine pack ... |
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Someone give a strange birthday present to Ivan. It is hedgehog — connected undirected graph in which one vertex has degree at least 3 (we will call it center) and all other vertices has degree 1. Ivan thought that hedgehog is too boring and decided to ... |
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Petya loves lucky numbers. We all know that lucky numbers are the positive integers whose decimal representations contain only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Unfortunately, not all numbers ar... |
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Vivek initially has an empty array a and some integer constant m.
He performs the following algorithm:
1. Select a random integer x uniformly in range from 1 to m and append it to the end of a.
2. Compute the greatest common divisor of integers i... |
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And now the numerous qualifying tournaments for one of the most prestigious Russian contests Russian Codec Cup are over. All n participants who have made it to the finals found themselves in a huge m-floored 108-star hotel. Of course the first thought t... |
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There is a country with n citizens. The i-th of them initially has a_{i} money. The government strictly controls the wealth of its citizens. Whenever a citizen makes a purchase or earns some money, they must send a receipt to the social services mention... |
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The final match of the Berland Football Cup has been held recently. The referee has shown n yellow cards throughout the match. At the beginning of the match there were a_1 players in the first team and a_2 players in the second team.
The rules of sendi... |
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You are playing a game where your character should overcome different obstacles. The current problem is to come down from a cliff. The cliff has height h, and there is a moving platform on each height x from 1 to h.
Each platform is either hidden insid... |
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You are given a binary string of length n (i. e. a string consisting of n characters '0' and '1').
In one move you can swap two adjacent characters of the string. What is the lexicographically minimum possible string you can obtain from the given one i... |
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Asterix, Obelix and their temporary buddies Suffix and Prefix has finally found the Harmony temple. However, its doors were firmly locked and even Obelix had no luck opening them.
A little later they found a string s, carved on a rock below the temple'... |
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The spring is coming and it means that a lot of fruits appear on the counters. One sunny day little boy Valera decided to go shopping. He made a list of m fruits he wanted to buy. If Valera want to buy more than one fruit of some kind, he includes it in... |
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Wu got hungry after an intense training session, and came to a nearby store to buy his favourite instant noodles. After Wu paid for his purchase, the cashier gave him an interesting task.
You are given a bipartite graph with positive integers in all ve... |
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You are given an array of integers a_1,a_2,…,a_n. Find the maximum possible value of a_ia_ja_ka_la_t among all five indices (i, j, k, l, t) (i<j<k<l<t).
Input
The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains an integer t (1≤ t≤ 2 ⋅ 1... |
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You are a paparazzi working in Manhattan.
Manhattan has r south-to-north streets, denoted by numbers 1, 2,…, r in order from west to east, and r west-to-east streets, denoted by numbers 1,2,…,r in order from south to north. Each of the r south-to-north... |
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The only difference between the easy and hard versions is that tokens of type O do not appear in the input of the easy version.
Errichto gave Monogon the following challenge in order to intimidate him from taking his top contributor spot on Codeforces.... |
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In the 2022 year, Mike found two binary integers a and b of length n (both of them are written only by digits 0 and 1) that can have leading zeroes. In order not to forget them, he wanted to construct integer d in the following way:
* he creates an ... |
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Petya loves football very much, especially when his parents aren't home. Each morning he comes to the yard, gathers his friends and they play all day. From time to time they have a break to have some food or do some chores (for example, water the flower... |
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<image>
William is a huge fan of planning ahead. That is why he starts his morning routine by creating a nested list of upcoming errands.
A valid nested list is any list which can be created from a list with one item "1" by applying some operations. E... |
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Ilya plays a card game by the following rules.
A player has several cards. Each card contains two non-negative integers inscribed, one at the top of the card and one at the bottom. At the beginning of the round the player chooses one of his cards to pl... |
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To celebrate the second ABBYY Cup tournament, the Smart Beaver decided to throw a party. The Beaver has a lot of acquaintances, some of them are friends with each other, and some of them dislike each other. To make party successful, the Smart Beaver wan... |
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The Little Elephant loves playing with arrays. He has array a, consisting of n positive integers, indexed from 1 to n. Let's denote the number with index i as ai.
Additionally the Little Elephant has m queries to the array, each query is characterised... |
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Polycarpus just has been out of luck lately! As soon as he found a job in the "Binary Cat" cafe, the club got burgled. All ice-cream was stolen.
On the burglary night Polycarpus kept a careful record of all club visitors. Each time a visitor entered th... |
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Emuskald is a well-known illusionist. One of his trademark tricks involves a set of magical boxes. The essence of the trick is in packing the boxes inside other boxes.
From the top view each magical box looks like a square with side length equal to 2k ... |
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A system of n vessels with water is given. Several pairs of vessels are connected by tubes with transfusion mechanisms. One may transfer an integer amount of liters of water between two vessels connected by such tube (tube works in both directions). The... |
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Iahub is so happy about inventing bubble sort graphs that he's staying all day long at the office and writing permutations. Iahubina is angry that she is no more important for Iahub. When Iahub goes away, Iahubina comes to his office and sabotage his re... |
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Fox Ciel studies number theory.
She thinks a non-empty set S contains non-negative integers is perfect if and only if for any <image> (a can be equal to b), <image>. Where operation xor means exclusive or operation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusi... |
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You are given a mysterious language (codenamed "Secret") available in "Custom Invocation" tab. Figure out what this language is and write a program which prints its name. Note that the program must be written in this language.
Input
This program has o... |
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Parmida is a clever girl and she wants to participate in Olympiads this year. Of course she wants her partner to be clever too (although he's not)! Parmida has prepared the following test problem for Pashmak.
There is a sequence a that consists of n in... |
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Imagine that you are in a building that has exactly n floors. You can move between the floors in a lift. Let's number the floors from bottom to top with integers from 1 to n. Now you're on the floor number a. You are very bored, so you want to take the ... |
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Many years have passed, and n friends met at a party again. Technologies have leaped forward since the last meeting, cameras with timer appeared and now it is not obligatory for one of the friends to stand with a camera, and, thus, being absent on the p... |
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Let's define the permutation of length n as an array p = [p1, p2, ..., pn] consisting of n distinct integers from range from 1 to n. We say that this permutation maps value 1 into the value p1, value 2 into the value p2 and so on.
Kyota Ootori has just... |
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Kefa decided to celebrate his first big salary by going to the restaurant.
He lives by an unusual park. The park is a rooted tree consisting of n vertices with the root at vertex 1. Vertex 1 also contains Kefa's house. Unfortunaely for our hero, the p... |
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When Xellos was doing a practice course in university, he once had to measure the intensity of an effect that slowly approached equilibrium. A good way to determine the equilibrium intensity would be choosing a sufficiently large number of consecutive d... |
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There are n problems prepared for the next Codeforces round. They are arranged in ascending order by their difficulty, and no two problems have the same difficulty. Moreover, there are m pairs of similar problems. Authors want to split problems between ... |
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Efim just received his grade for the last test. He studies in a special school and his grade can be equal to any positive decimal fraction. First he got disappointed, as he expected a way more pleasant result. Then, he developed a tricky plan. Each seco... |
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Little girl Alyona is in a shop to buy some copybooks for school. She study four subjects so she wants to have equal number of copybooks for each of the subjects. There are three types of copybook's packs in the shop: it is possible to buy one copybook ... |
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Since the giant heads have appeared in the sky all humanity is in danger, so all Ricks and Mortys from all parallel universes are gathering in groups to find a solution to get rid of them.
There are n parallel universes participating in this event (n ... |
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An atom of element X can exist in n distinct states with energies E1 < E2 < ... < En. Arkady wants to build a laser on this element, using a three-level scheme. Here is a simplified description of the scheme.
Three distinct states i, j and k are selec... |
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<image>
You have one chip and one chance to play roulette. Are you feeling lucky?
Output
Print your bet. Your chip must be placed entirely within some square (not on an edge or a corner shared by adjacent squares).
The input will be give
Read the i... |
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In a far away kingdom lived the King, the Prince, the Shoemaker, the Dressmaker and many other citizens. They lived happily until great trouble came into the Kingdom. The ACMers settled there.
Most damage those strange creatures inflicted upon the king... |
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Ikshu and his machine gun
To celebrate his new year Ikshu went to play "beyond to beyond" (abbreviated as BOB) with his friends.
BOB can be described as follows :
It consists of Infinite boxes arranged one over another, Lowest box being 1.
Given a list... |
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Rahul likes to play with mathematics and geometry and when it comes for 2D geometry, he just can’t stop himself doing experiments. While working with 2D geometry, he came up with an interesting pattern of numbers as shown below.
He started at the point... |
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Everyone has got to know that HELL and Printf{} use cheats while playing Counter-Strike 1.6. Everyone decides to give them a punishment.
They are going to be made to paint all the rooms of the ground floor of the hostel.
There are a total of N rooms o... |
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You have a string S of length N. Initially, all characters in S are `1`s.
You will perform queries Q times. In the i-th query, you are given two integers L_i, R_i and a character D_i (which is a digit). Then, you must replace all characters from the L_... |
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You start with the number 0 and you want to reach the number N.
You can change the number, paying a certain amount of coins, with the following operations:
* Multiply the number by 2, paying A coins.
* Multiply the number by 3, paying B coins.
* Multi... |
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Given is a sequence of N integers A_1, \ldots, A_N.
Find the (multiplicative) inverse of the sum of the inverses of these numbers, \frac{1}{\frac{1}{A_1} + \ldots + \frac{1}{A_N}}.
Constraints
* 1 \leq N \leq 100
* 1 \leq A_i \leq 1000
Input
Input ... |
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There are two buttons, one of size A and one of size B.
When you press a button of size X, you get X coins and the size of that button decreases by 1.
You will press a button twice. Here, you can press the same button twice, or press both buttons once... |
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You are given an integer N. Among the divisors of N! (= 1 \times 2 \times ... \times N), how many Shichi-Go numbers (literally "Seven-Five numbers") are there?
Here, a Shichi-Go number is a positive integer that has exactly 75 divisors.
Constraints
*... |
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Snuke found a record of a tree with N vertices in ancient ruins. The findings are as follows:
* The vertices of the tree were numbered 1,2,...,N, and the edges were numbered 1,2,...,N-1.
* Edge i connected Vertex a_i and b_i.
* The length of each edge ... |
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Snuke is playing a puzzle game. In this game, you are given a rectangular board of dimensions R × C, filled with numbers. Each integer i from 1 through N is written twice, at the coordinates (x_{i,1},y_{i,1}) and (x_{i,2},y_{i,2}).
The objective is to ... |
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Snuke has a calculator. It has a display and two buttons.
Initially, the display shows an integer x. Snuke wants to change this value into another integer y, by pressing the following two buttons some number of times in arbitrary order:
* Button A: Wh... |
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We have a rectangular parallelepiped of size A×B×C, built with blocks of size 1×1×1. Snuke will paint each of the A×B×C blocks either red or blue, so that:
* There is at least one red block and at least one blue block.
* The union of all red blocks for... |
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Takayuki and Kazuyuki are good twins, but their behavior is exactly the opposite. For example, if Takayuki goes west, Kazuyuki goes east, and if Kazuyuki goes north, Takayuki goes south. Currently the two are in a department store and are in different l... |
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Let's play a game using a robot on a rectangular board covered with a square mesh (Figure D-1). The robot is initially set at the start square in the northwest corner facing the east direction. The goal of this game is to lead the robot to the goal squa... |
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Numbers of black and white points are placed on a plane. Let's imagine that a straight line of infinite length is drawn on the plane. When the line does not meet any of the points, the line divides these points into two groups. If the division by such a... |
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Square Route
Square root
English text is not available in this practice contest.
Millionaire Shinada, who has decided to build a new mansion, is wondering in which city to build the new mansion. To tell the truth, Mr. Shinada is a strange person who ... |
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All space-time unified dimension sugoroku tournament. You are representing the Earth in the 21st century in the tournament, which decides only one Sugoroku absolute champion out of more than 500 trillion participants.
The challenge you are currently ch... |
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A robot, a wall, and a goal are installed on the board, and a program that describes the behavior pattern of the robot is given.
The given program is represented by the following EBNF.
Program: = {statement};
Statement: = if statement | while stateme... |
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problem
A mysterious $ X $ [cm] plant grows in one place. This plant has the following mysterious properties.
* Say "nobiro" to this plant and it will grow $ A $ [cm].
* Say "tidime" to this plant and it will grow $ B $ [cm].
* If you say "karero" to ... |
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Find the edit distance between given two words s1 and s2.
The disntace is the minimum number of single-character edits required to change one word into the other. The edits including the following operations:
* insertion: Insert a character at a parti... |
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Find the union of two sets $A = \\{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\\}$ and $B = \\{b_0, b_1, ..., b_{m-1}\\}$.
Constraints
* $1 \leq n, m \leq 200,000$
* $0 \leq a_0 < a_1 < ... < a_{n-1} \leq 10^9$
* $0 \leq b_0 < b_1 < ... < b_{m-1} \leq 10^9$
Input
The in... |
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Chef has a special affection for sets of binary strings of equal length which have same numbers of 1's. Given three integers n, k and m, your task is to find the the lexicographically m^th smallest string among strings which have length n and have k 1... |
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Natasha is planning an expedition to Mars for n people. One of the important tasks is to provide food for each participant.
The warehouse has m daily food packages. Each package has some food type a_i.
Each participant must eat exactly one food packag... |
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Let's call some positive integer classy if its decimal representation contains no more than 3 non-zero digits. For example, numbers 4, 200000, 10203 are classy and numbers 4231, 102306, 7277420000 are not.
You are given a segment [L; R]. Count the numb... |
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Student Andrey has been skipping physical education lessons for the whole term, and now he must somehow get a passing grade on this subject. Obviously, it is impossible to do this by legal means, but Andrey doesn't give up. Having obtained an empty cert... |
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Recently, Olya received a magical square with the size of 2^n× 2^n.
It seems to her sister that one square is boring. Therefore, she asked Olya to perform exactly k splitting operations.
A Splitting operation is an operation during which Olya takes a ... |
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Not long ago Billy came across such a problem, where there were given three natural numbers A, B and C from the range [1, N], and it was asked to check whether the equation AB = C is correct. Recently Billy studied the concept of a digital root of a num... |
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Mike decided to teach programming to children in an elementary school. He knows that it is not an easy task to interest children in that age to code. That is why he decided to give each child two sweets.
Mike has n sweets with sizes a_1, a_2, …, a_n. A... |
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Linear Kingdom has exactly one tram line. It has n stops, numbered from 1 to n in the order of tram's movement. At the i-th stop ai passengers exit the tram, while bi passengers enter it. The tram is empty before it arrives at the first stop. Also, when... |
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Note that this is the first problem of the two similar problems. You can hack this problem only if you solve both problems.
You are given a tree with n nodes. In the beginning, 0 is written on all edges. In one operation, you can choose any 2 distinct ... |
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There are two types of burgers in your restaurant — hamburgers and chicken burgers! To assemble a hamburger you need two buns and a beef patty. To assemble a chicken burger you need two buns and a chicken cutlet.
You have b buns, p beef patties and f ... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is constraints.
The BerTV channel every day broadcasts one episode of one of the k TV shows. You know the schedule for the next n days: a sequence of integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ k), where a_... |
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Let's call two strings s and t anagrams of each other if it is possible to rearrange symbols in the string s to get a string, equal to t.
Let's consider two strings s and t which are anagrams of each other. We say that t is a reducible anagram of s if ... |
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Young boy Artem tries to paint a picture, and he asks his mother Medina to help him. Medina is very busy, that's why she asked for your help.
Artem wants to paint an n × m board. Each cell of the board should be colored in white or black.
Lets B be t... |
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You are given an array a of length n consisting of zeros. You perform n actions with this array: during the i-th action, the following sequence of operations appears:
1. Choose the maximum by length subarray (continuous subsegment) consisting only of... |
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