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Let T be arbitrary binary tree β tree, every vertex of which has no more than two children. Given tree is rooted, so there exists only one vertex which doesn't have a parent β it's the root of a tree. Every vertex has an integer number written on it. Fo... |
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You are given a sequence a1, a2, ..., an consisting of different integers. It is required to split this sequence into the maximum number of subsequences such that after sorting integers in each of them in increasing order, the total sequence also will b... |
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Recently Ivan noticed an array a while debugging his code. Now Ivan can't remember this array, but the bug he was trying to fix didn't go away, so Ivan thinks that the data from this array might help him to reproduce the bug.
Ivan clearly remembers tha... |
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During the winter holidays, the demand for Christmas balls is exceptionally high. Since it's already 2018, the advances in alchemy allow easy and efficient ball creation by utilizing magic crystals.
Grisha needs to obtain some yellow, green and blue ba... |
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Nian is a monster which lives deep in the oceans. Once a year, it shows up on the land, devouring livestock and even people. In order to keep the monster away, people fill their villages with red colour, light, and cracking noise, all of which frighten ... |
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Pikachu had an array with him. He wrote down all the non-empty subsequences of the array on paper. Note that an array of size n has 2n - 1 non-empty subsequences in it.
Pikachu being mischievous as he always is, removed all the subsequences in which M... |
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You are given a collection of words, say as in a dictionary.
You can represent it in the following compressed form:
The first word will be followed by a sequence of pair of a integer (x) and a word.
The number in the pair is the position till whic... |
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Roy's friends has been spying on his text messages, so Roy thought of an algorithm to encrypt text messages.
Encryption Algorithm is as follows:
We say message to be encrypted as Plain Text and encrypted form of message as Cipher.
Plain Text consists... |
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Given a string, find the length of string.
Input Format:
First line contains single integer t, the number of test-cases. Each of next t lines contains a string of lower case alphabets.
Output Format:
Output t lines, each containing the single integer,... |
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A string of length 6 consisting of lowercase English letters is said to be coffee-like if and only if its 3-rd and 4-th characters are equal and its 5-th and 6-th characters are also equal.
Given a string S, determine whether it is coffee-like.
Constra... |
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There are K blue balls and N-K red balls. The balls of the same color cannot be distinguished. Snuke and Takahashi are playing with these balls.
First, Snuke will arrange the N balls in a row from left to right.
Then, Takahashi will collect only the K... |
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Snuke has one biscuit and zero Japanese yen (the currency) in his pocket. He will perform the following operations exactly K times in total, in the order he likes:
* Hit his pocket, which magically increases the number of biscuits by one.
* Exchange A ... |
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There are N candles placed on a number line. The i-th candle from the left is placed on coordinate x_i. Here, x_1 < x_2 < ... < x_N holds.
Initially, no candles are burning. Snuke decides to light K of the N candles.
Now, he is at coordinate 0. He can... |
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In Republic of AtCoder, Snuke Chameleons (Family: Chamaeleonidae, Genus: Bartaberia) are very popular pets. Ringo keeps N Snuke Chameleons in a cage.
A Snuke Chameleon that has not eaten anything is blue. It changes its color according to the following... |
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There is a circle with a circumference of L. Each point on the circumference has a coordinate value, which represents the arc length from a certain reference point clockwise to the point. On this circumference, there are N ants. These ants are numbered ... |
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There is a grid with H rows and W columns.
The square at the i-th row and j-th column contains a string S_{i,j} of length 5.
The rows are labeled with the numbers from 1 through H, and the columns are labeled with the uppercase English letters from `A... |
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<image>
This figure shows railway tracks for reshuffling cars. The rail tracks end in the bottom and the top-left rail track is used for the entrace and the top-right rail track is used for the exit. Ten cars, which have numbers from 1 to 10 respectiv... |
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There is a set of cards with positive integers written on them. Stack the cards to make several piles and arrange them side by side. Select two adjacent piles of cards from them, and stack the left pile on top of the right pile. Repeat this operation un... |
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At Akabe High School, a programmer training school, there is a unique study session run by the students themselves. It is important for programmers to constantly adopt new technologies, so the aim of this activity is to develop the habit of self-study t... |
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problem
Taro bought 10 books. Later, I tried to find out the price based on the receipt, but the receipt was dirty and I could not read the price of a book. We decided to calculate the price of the book from the total price of 10 books and the prices o... |
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Haruna is a high school student. She must remember the seating arrangements in her class because she is a class president. It is too difficult task to remember if there are so many students.
That is the reason why seating rearrangement is depress task ... |
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Description
In 200X, the mysterious circle K, which operates at K University, announced K Poker, a new game they created on the 4th floor of K East during the university's cultural festival.
At first glance, this game is normal poker, but it is a deepe... |
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Example
Input
3
0 2 7
2 0 4
5 8 0
Output
11
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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Escape
An undirected graph with positive values ββat the vertices is given. The vertices are numbered from 1 to N, and the i-th vertex has a value of w_i. You can start from the first vertex and move on the graph with the constraint that you cannot pas... |
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Mr. Endo wanted to write the code that performs breadth-first search (BFS), which is a search algorithm to explore all vertices on an undirected graph. An example of pseudo code of BFS is as follows:
1: $current \leftarrow \{start\_vertex\}$
2: $visit... |
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Problem
GPA is an abbreviation for "Galaxy Point of Aizu" and takes real numbers from 0 to 4.
GPA rock-paper-scissors is a game played by two people. After each player gives a signal of "rock-paper-scissors, pon (hoi)" to each other's favorite move, go... |
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There are two standard ways to represent a graph $G = (V, E)$, where $V$ is a set of vertices and $E$ is a set of edges; Adjacency list representation and Adjacency matrix representation.
An adjacency-list representation consists of an array $Adj[|V|]$... |
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Since Sonya is interested in robotics too, she decided to construct robots that will read and recognize numbers.
Sonya has drawn n numbers in a row, a_i is located in the i-th position. She also has put a robot at each end of the row (to the left of th... |
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You are given n rectangles on a plane with coordinates of their bottom left and upper right points. Some (n-1) of the given n rectangles have some common point. A point belongs to a rectangle if this point is strictly inside the rectangle or belongs to ... |
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Two friends are travelling through Bubble galaxy. They say "Hello!" via signals to each other if their distance is smaller or equal than d_1 and
* it's the first time they speak to each other or
* at some point in time after their last talk their... |
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Polycarp is working on a new operating system called BerOS. He asks you to help with implementation of a file suggestion feature.
There are n files on hard drive and their names are f_1, f_2, ..., f_n. Any file name contains between 1 and 8 characters,... |
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Vova's family is building the Great Vova Wall (named by Vova himself). Vova's parents, grandparents, grand-grandparents contributed to it. Now it's totally up to Vova to put the finishing touches.
The current state of the wall can be respresented by a ... |
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Every superhero has been given a power value by the Felicity Committee. The avengers crew wants to maximize the average power of the superheroes in their team by performing certain operations.
Initially, there are n superheroes in avengers team having ... |
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Vasya has written some permutation p_1, p_2, β¦, p_n of integers from 1 to n, so for all 1 β€ i β€ n it is true that 1 β€ p_i β€ n and all p_1, p_2, β¦, p_n are different. After that he wrote n numbers next_1, next_2, β¦, next_n. The number next_i is equal to ... |
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You are fighting with Zmei Gorynich β a ferocious monster from Slavic myths, a huge dragon-like reptile with multiple heads!
<image>
Initially Zmei Gorynich has x heads. You can deal n types of blows. If you deal a blow of the i-th type, you decrease... |
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Polycarp lives on the coordinate axis Ox and travels from the point x=a to x=b. It moves uniformly rectilinearly at a speed of one unit of distance per minute.
On the axis Ox at the point x=c the base station of the mobile operator is placed. It is kno... |
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You are given a simple weighted connected undirected graph, consisting of n vertices and m edges.
A path in the graph of length k is a sequence of k+1 vertices v_1, v_2, ..., v_{k+1} such that for each i (1 β€ i β€ k) the edge (v_i, v_{i+1}) is present i... |
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There are n + 2 towns located on a coordinate line, numbered from 0 to n + 1. The i-th town is located at the point i.
You build a radio tower in each of the towns 1, 2, ..., n with probability 1/2 (these events are independent). After that, you want t... |
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You have a statistic of price changes for one product represented as an array of n positive integers p_0, p_1, ..., p_{n - 1}, where p_0 is the initial price of the product and p_i is how the price was increased during the i-th month.
Using these price... |
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Alexey is travelling on a train. Unfortunately, due to the bad weather, the train moves slower that it should!
Alexey took the train at the railroad terminal. Let's say that the train starts from the terminal at the moment 0. Also, let's say that the t... |
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"Contestant who earns a score equal to or greater than the k-th place finisher's score will advance to the next round, as long as the contestant earns a positive score..." β an excerpt from contest rules.
A total of n participants took part in the cont... |
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In the popular spreadsheets systems (for example, in Excel) the following numeration of columns is used. The first column has number A, the second β number B, etc. till column 26 that is marked by Z. Then there are two-letter numbers: column 27 has numb... |
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A bracket sequence is a string, containing only characters "(", ")", "[" and "]".
A correct bracket sequence is a bracket sequence that can be transformed into a correct arithmetic expression by inserting characters "1" and "+" between the original cha... |
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It's a beautiful April day and Wallace is playing football with his friends. But his friends do not know that Wallace actually stayed home with Gromit and sent them his robotic self instead. Robo-Wallace has several advantages over the other guys. For e... |
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Greg has a weighed directed graph, consisting of n vertices. In this graph any pair of distinct vertices has an edge between them in both directions. Greg loves playing with the graph and now he has invented a new game:
* The game consists of n steps... |
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Email address in Berland is a string of the form A@B, where A and B are arbitrary strings consisting of small Latin letters.
Bob is a system administrator in Β«BersoftΒ» company. He keeps a list of email addresses of the company's staff. This list is as... |
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Mad scientist Mike is busy carrying out experiments in chemistry. Today he will attempt to join three atoms into one molecule.
A molecule consists of atoms, with some pairs of atoms connected by atomic bonds. Each atom has a valence number β the number... |
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The research center Q has developed a new multi-core processor. The processor consists of n cores and has k cells of cache memory. Consider the work of this processor.
At each cycle each core of the processor gets one instruction: either do nothing, or... |
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Devu is a renowned classical singer. He is invited to many big functions/festivals. Recently he was invited to "All World Classical Singing Festival". Other than Devu, comedian Churu was also invited.
Devu has provided organizers a list of the songs an... |
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Little beaver is a beginner programmer, so informatics is his favorite subject. Soon his informatics teacher is going to have a birthday and the beaver has decided to prepare a present for her. He planted n flowers in a row on his windowsill and started... |
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You are given a sequence a consisting of n integers. Find the maximum possible value of <image> (integer remainder of ai divided by aj), where 1 β€ i, j β€ n and ai β₯ aj.
Input
The first line contains integer n β the length of the sequence (1 β€ n β€ 2Β·10... |
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Berland, 2016. The exchange rate of currency you all know against the burle has increased so much that to simplify the calculations, its fractional part was neglected and the exchange rate is now assumed to be an integer.
Reliable sources have informed... |
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Arthur has bought a beautiful big table into his new flat. When he came home, Arthur noticed that the new table is unstable.
In total the table Arthur bought has n legs, the length of the i-th leg is li.
Arthur decided to make the table stable and rem... |
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City X consists of n vertical and n horizontal infinite roads, forming n Γ n intersections. Roads (both vertical and horizontal) are numbered from 1 to n, and the intersections are indicated by the numbers of the roads that form them.
Sand roads have l... |
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There are n pictures delivered for the new exhibition. The i-th painting has beauty ai. We know that a visitor becomes happy every time he passes from a painting to a more beautiful one.
We are allowed to arranged pictures in any order. What is the max... |
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100 years have passed since the last victory of the man versus computer in Go. Technologies made a huge step forward and robots conquered the Earth! It's time for the final fight between human and robot that will decide the faith of the planet.
The fol... |
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Programmer Sasha has recently begun to study data structures. His coach Stas told him to solve the problem of finding a minimum on the segment of the array in <image>, which Sasha coped with. For Sasha not to think that he had learned all, Stas gave him... |
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Vanya is managed to enter his favourite site Codehorses. Vanya uses n distinct passwords for sites at all, however he can't remember which one exactly he specified during Codehorses registration.
Vanya will enter passwords in order of non-decreasing th... |
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Mahmoud has n line segments, the i-th of them has length ai. Ehab challenged him to use exactly 3 line segments to form a non-degenerate triangle. Mahmoud doesn't accept challenges unless he is sure he can win, so he asked you to tell him if he should a... |
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Haiku is a genre of Japanese traditional poetry.
A haiku poem consists of 17 syllables split into three phrases, containing 5, 7 and 5 syllables correspondingly (the first phrase should contain exactly 5 syllables, the second phrase should contain exac... |
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Students went into a class to write a test and sat in some way. The teacher thought: "Probably they sat in this order to copy works of each other. I need to rearrange them in such a way that students that were neighbors are not neighbors in a new seatin... |
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A classroom in a school has six rows with 3 desks in each row. Two people can use the same desk: one sitting on the left and one sitting on the right.
Some places are already occupied, and some places are vacant. Petya has just entered the class and w... |
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Let's call a string adorable if its letters can be realigned in such a way that they form two consequent groups of equal symbols (note that different groups must contain different symbols). For example, ababa is adorable (you can transform it to aaabb, ... |
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Mr Keks is a typical white-collar in Byteland.
He has a bookshelf in his office with some books on it, each book has an integer positive price.
Mr Keks defines the value of a shelf as the sum of books prices on it.
Miraculously, Mr Keks was promoted... |
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Sometimes inventing a story for the problem is a very hard task.
Fortunately for us, Limak has just been kidnapped by an insane mathematician.
We need some name for the mathematician and let it be Mathew.
Limak is a little polar bear.
He has been kidna... |
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Ross and Rachel are on a date. Ross, being the super geek he is, takes Rachel to see dinosaur exhibits.
Each dinosaur has a name and K attributes which are described by an ordered K-tuple ( A1, A2, A3,..., AK ). Each attribute Ai is an integer between ... |
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Recently Ram got to know about a secret place where he can play many games to win lot of prize. Games are very easy, so he can easily win high prize, but he can play a limited number of games.
He want to win the maximum amount of prize.So he wants to ch... |
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You are given an two integers i and j such that i β€ j.
Task is to find the sum of all integers from i to j (both inclusive).
For example:
i = 3
j = 5
then sum from i to j will be 3+4+5 = 12
Input:
Single line containing two space separated integer... |
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Little PandeyG is a curious student, studying in HEgwarts. Being smarter, faster and displaying more zeal for magic than any other student, one by one he managed to impress the three hidden witches of the school. They knew his secret desire to be a warr... |
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Given are integers a,b,c and d. If x and y are integers and a \leq x \leq b and c\leq y \leq d hold, what is the maximum possible value of x \times y?
Constraints
* -10^9 \leq a \leq b \leq 10^9
* -10^9 \leq c \leq d \leq 10^9
* All values in input ar... |
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The Kingdom of Takahashi has N towns, numbered 1 through N.
There is one teleporter in each town. The teleporter in Town i (1 \leq i \leq N) sends you to Town A_i.
Takahashi, the king, loves the positive integer K. The selfish king wonders what town h... |
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We have a string S of length N consisting of uppercase English letters.
How many times does `ABC` occur in S as contiguous subsequences (see Sample Inputs and Outputs)?
Constraints
* 3 \leq N \leq 50
* S consists of uppercase English letters.
Input
... |
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There is a directed graph with N vertices numbered 1 to N and M edges. The i-th edge is directed from Vertex A_i to Vertex B_i, and there are C_i coins placed along that edge. Additionally, there is a button on Vertex N.
We will play a game on this gr... |
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On the Planet AtCoder, there are four types of bases: `A`, `C`, `G` and `T`. `A` bonds with `T`, and `C` bonds with `G`.
You are given a letter b as input, which is `A`, `C`, `G` or `T`. Write a program that prints the letter representing the base that... |
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You are given an integer N. Determine if there exists a tuple of subsets of \\{1,2,...N\\}, (S_1,S_2,...,S_k), that satisfies the following conditions:
* Each of the integers 1,2,...,N is contained in exactly two of the sets S_1,S_2,...,S_k.
* Any two ... |
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Sitting in a station waiting room, Joisino is gazing at her train ticket.
The ticket is numbered with four digits A, B, C and D in this order, each between 0 and 9 (inclusive).
In the formula A op1 B op2 C op3 D = 7, replace each of the symbols op1, o... |
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You are taking a computer-based examination. The examination consists of N questions, and the score allocated to the i-th question is s_i. Your answer to each question will be judged as either "correct" or "incorrect", and your grade will be the sum of ... |
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You are given a string S consisting of lowercase English letters. Another string T is initially empty. Determine whether it is possible to obtain S = T by performing the following operation an arbitrary number of times:
* Append one of the following at... |
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Books are indexed. Write a program which reads a list of pairs of a word and a page number, and prints the word and a list of the corresponding page numbers.
You can assume that a word consists of at most 30 characters, and the page number is less than... |
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Food contains three nutrients called "protein", "fat" and "carbohydrate", which are called three major nutrients. It is calculated that protein and carbohydrate are 4 kcal (kilocalories) and fat is 9 kcal per 1 g (gram). For example, according to the ta... |
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There are two cameras which observe the up line and the down line respectively on the double lane (please see the following figure). These cameras are located on a line perpendicular to the lane, and we call the line 'monitoring line.' (the red line in ... |
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Do you know the famous series of children's books named "Where's Wally"? Each of the books contains a variety of pictures of hundreds of people. Readers are challenged to find a person called Wally in the crowd.
We can consider "Where's Wally" as a kin... |
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G, a college student living in a certain sky city, has a hornworm, Imotaro. He disciplined Imotaro to eat all the food in order with the shortest number of steps. You, his friend, decided to write a program because he asked me to find out if Imotaro was... |
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This is a story of a world somewhere far from the earth. In this world, the land is parted into a number of countries ruled by empires. This world is not very peaceful: they have been involved in army race.
They are competing in production of missiles ... |
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At the school where the twins Ami and Mami attend, the summer vacation has already begun, and a huge amount of homework has been given this year as well. However, the two of them were still trying to go out without doing any homework today. It is obviou... |
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D: Rescue a Postal Worker
story
You got a job at the post office, which you have long dreamed of this spring. I decided on the delivery area I was in charge of, and it was my first job with a feeling of excitement, but I didn't notice that there was a... |
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problem
The point $ P $ is placed at the origin on the coordinate plane. I want to move the point $ P $ to a position where the Manhattan distance from the origin is as far as possible.
First, the string $ S = s_1s_2 \ cdots s_ {| S |} $ ($ | S | $ is... |
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Set
Given the sequence a_1, a_2, .., a_N.
How many values ββare there in this sequence?
input
N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N
output
Output the number of types of values ββin the sequence.
Constraint
* 1 \ leq N \ leq 10 ^ 5
* 1 \ leq a_i \ leq 10 ^ 9
In... |
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There is a sequence $A = a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}$. You are given the following information and questions.
* relate$(x, y, z)$: $a_y$ is greater than $a_x$ by $z$
* diff$(x, y)$: report the difference between $a_x$ and $a_y$ $(a_y - a_x)$
Constraints
*... |
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Multiplication of Big Integers II
Given two integers $A$ and $B$, compute the product, $A \times B$.
Input
Two integers $A$ and $B$ separated by a space character are given in a line.
Output
Print the product in a line.
Constraints
* $-1 \times 1... |
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Leonid is developing new programming language. The key feature of his language is fast multiplication and raising to a power operations. He is asking you to help with the following task.
You have an expression S and positive integer M. S has the follow... |
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Some programming contest problems are really tricky: not only do they
require a different output format from what you might have expected, but
also the sample output does not show the difference. For an example,
let us look at permutations.
A permutatio... |
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Maxim wants to buy some games at the local game shop. There are n games in the shop, the i-th game costs c_i.
Maxim has a wallet which can be represented as an array of integers. His wallet contains m bills, the j-th bill has value a_j.
Games in the s... |
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At a break Vanya came to the class and saw an array of n k-bit integers a_1, a_2, β¦, a_n on the board. An integer x is called a k-bit integer if 0 β€ x β€ 2^k - 1.
Of course, Vanya was not able to resist and started changing the numbers written on the b... |
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Makoto has a big blackboard with a positive integer n written on it. He will perform the following action exactly k times:
Suppose the number currently written on the blackboard is v. He will randomly pick one of the divisors of v (possibly 1 and v) an... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is the constraints.
Polycarp has to write a coursework. The coursework consists of m pages.
Polycarp also has n cups of coffee. The coffee in the i-th cup Polycarp has a_i caffeine in it. Polycarp can... |
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[Thanos sort](https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/182221/implement-the-thanos-sorting-algorithm) is a supervillain sorting algorithm, which works as follows: if the array is not sorted, snap your fingers* to remove the first or the second half ... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is constraints.
Ivan plays a computer game that contains some microtransactions to make characters look cooler. Since Ivan wants his character to be really cool, he wants to use some of these microtran... |
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Heidi found out that the Daleks have created a network of bidirectional Time Corridors connecting different destinations (at different times!). She suspects that they are planning another invasion on the entire Space and Time. In order to counter the in... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given an array a consisting of n integers.
Your task is to say the number of such positive integers x such that x divides each number from the array. In other words, you have to find the number of common divisors of all elements in the array.
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