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In BerSoft n programmers work, the programmer i is characterized by a skill r_i.
A programmer a can be a mentor of a programmer b if and only if the skill of the programmer a is strictly greater than the skill of the programmer b (r_a > r_b) and progra... |
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From the childhood we are taught that a comes before b then b comes before c and so on.So whenever we try to sort any given string we sort it in that manner only placing a before b and so on.But what happens if we initially change the pattern of sorting... |
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Shinchan and Kazama both are playing with numbers. Shinchan gives Kazama an array of numbers and asks him to tell the minimum possible last number of a non decreasing sequence of length L.
Note- Check the sample I/O for more clarity.
INPUT-
Input co... |
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Tanmay is a legendary spammer - everyone in the spamming world knows and admires his abilities to spam anyone, anytime, anywhere. He decided to guide one of his mentors, named Arjit, as part of the Apex body of spamming.
Tanmay has no doubts on his sk... |
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Given are a sequence of N positive integers A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N and another positive integer S.
For a non-empty subset T of the set \\{1, 2, \ldots , N \\}, let us define f(T) as follows:
* f(T) is the number of different non-empty subsets \\{x_1, x... |
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Given is a permutation P_1, \ldots, P_N of 1, \ldots, N. Find the number of integers i (1 \leq i \leq N) that satisfy the following condition:
* For any integer j (1 \leq j \leq i), P_i \leq P_j.
Constraints
* 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
* P_1, \ldot... |
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There are N integers, A_1, A_2, ..., A_N, arranged in a row in this order.
You can perform the following operation on this integer sequence any number of times:
Operation: Choose an integer i satisfying 1 \leq i \leq N-1. Multiply both A_i and A_{i+1}... |
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In some other world, today is December D-th.
Write a program that prints `Christmas` if D = 25, `Christmas Eve` if D = 24, `Christmas Eve Eve` if D = 23 and `Christmas Eve Eve Eve` if D = 22.
Constraints
* 22 \leq D \leq 25
* D is an integer.
Input
... |
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You are given a string s. Among the different substrings of s, print the K-th lexicographically smallest one.
A substring of s is a string obtained by taking out a non-empty contiguous part in s. For example, if s = `ababc`, `a`, `bab` and `ababc` are ... |
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You are given an integer sequence of length n, a_1, ..., a_n. Let us consider performing the following n operations on an empty sequence b.
The i-th operation is as follows:
1. Append a_i to the end of b.
2. Reverse the order of the elements in b.
... |
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Internet search engines, such as Google, automatically sort and categorize web pages around the world to create a huge database. It also parses the search keywords entered by the user and creates an inquiry statement for database search.
In each case, ... |
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Mr. Matsudaira is always careful about eco-friendliness in his life. Last month's water charge was 4280 yen, which exceeded the usual target of 4000 yen, so we have been trying to save water this month. How much have you saved on your water bill compare... |
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It’s still hot every day, but September has already come. It’s autumn according to the calendar. Looking around, I see two red dragonflies at rest on the wall in front of me. It’s autumn indeed.
When two red dragonflies’ positional information as measu... |
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On a clear night, a boy, Campanella looked up at the sky, there were many stars which have different colors such as red, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc. He was watching the stars and just lost track of time. Presently, he wondered,
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Today is the birthday of Mr. Bon Vivant, who is known as one of the greatest patissiers in the world. Those who are invited to his birthday party are gourmets from around the world. They are eager to see and eat his extremely creative cakes. Now a large... |
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The amount of information on the World Wide Web is growing quite rapidly. In this information explosion age, we must survive by accessing only the Web pages containing information relevant to our own needs. One of the key technologies for this purpose i... |
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Peace, which was supposed to last forever, suddenly ended. The Demon King, who had been sealed long ago, has finally revived. But when the world was about to be covered in darkness, a brave man appeared. The hero then set out on a journey to collect leg... |
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A robot in a two-dimensional maze again. The maze has an entrance and an exit this time, though.
Just as in the previous problem, the maze is made up of H × W grid cells, its upper side faces north, and each cell is either empty or wall. Unlike the pre... |
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K: Relief (Angel Relief)
Tenma, an angel, decides to save a city.
The city has a rectangular shape divided into north-south $ H $ parcels x east-west $ W $ parcels, with houses in each parcel.
The $ X $ th section from the north and the $ Y $ th sect... |
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For given a circle $c$ and a line $l$, print the coordinates of the cross points of them.
Constraints
* $p1$ and $p2$ are different
* The circle and line have at least one cross point
* $1 \leq q \leq 1,000$
* $-10,000 \leq cx, cy, x1, y1, x2, y2 \leq... |
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Natasha travels around Mars in the Mars rover. But suddenly it broke down, namely — the logical scheme inside it. The scheme is an undirected tree (connected acyclic graph) with a root in the vertex 1, in which every leaf (excluding root) is an input, a... |
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In Disgaea as in most role-playing games, characters have skills that determine the character's ability to use certain weapons or spells. If the character does not have the necessary skill, he cannot use it. The skill level is represented as an integer ... |
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Arkady coordinates rounds on some not really famous competitive programming platform. Each round features n problems of distinct difficulty, the difficulties are numbered from 1 to n.
To hold a round Arkady needs n new (not used previously) problems, o... |
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You are given an array a consisting of 500000 integers (numbered from 1 to 500000). Initially all elements of a are zero.
You have to process two types of queries to this array:
* 1 x y — increase a_x by y;
* 2 x y — compute ∑_{i ∈ R(x, y)} a_i, ... |
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You are given n k-digit integers. You have to rearrange the digits in the integers so that the difference between the largest and the smallest number was minimum. Digits should be rearranged by the same rule in all integers.
Input
The first line conta... |
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You are given two positive integers a and b.
In one move, you can change a in the following way:
* Choose any positive odd integer x (x > 0) and replace a with a+x;
* choose any positive even integer y (y > 0) and replace a with a-y.
You can ... |
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You are given a string s such that each its character is either 1, 2, or 3. You have to choose the shortest contiguous substring of s such that it contains each of these three characters at least once.
A contiguous substring of string s is a string tha... |
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You are given a chessboard consisting of n rows and n columns. Rows are numbered from bottom to top from 1 to n. Columns are numbered from left to right from 1 to n. The cell at the intersection of the x-th column and the y-th row is denoted as (x, y). ... |
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You are given n strings s_1, s_2, …, s_n consisting of lowercase Latin letters.
In one operation you can remove a character from a string s_i and insert it to an arbitrary position in a string s_j (j may be equal to i). You may perform this operation a... |
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This is the hard version of the problem. The difference between the versions is in the number of possible operations that can be made. You can make hacks if and only if you solved both versions of the problem.
You are given a binary table of size n × m... |
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Argus was charged with guarding Io, which is not an ordinary cow. Io is quite an explorer, and she wanders off rather frequently, making Argus' life stressful. So the cowherd decided to construct an enclosed pasture for Io.
There are n trees growing al... |
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You are given a number n (divisible by 3) and an array a[1 ... n]. In one move, you can increase any of the array elements by one. Formally, you choose the index i (1 ≤ i ≤ n) and replace a_i with a_i + 1. You can choose the same index i multiple times ... |
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In some country live wizards. They love to ride trolleybuses.
A city in this country has a trolleybus depot with n trolleybuses. Every day the trolleybuses leave the depot, one by one and go to the final station. The final station is at a distance of d... |
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Scientists say a lot about the problems of global warming and cooling of the Earth. Indeed, such natural phenomena strongly influence all life on our planet.
Our hero Vasya is quite concerned about the problems. He decided to try a little experiment an... |
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Phone number in Berland is a sequence of n digits. Often, to make it easier to memorize the number, it is divided into groups of two or three digits. For example, the phone number 1198733 is easier to remember as 11-987-33. Your task is to find for a gi... |
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Farmer John has just given the cows a program to play with! The program contains two integer variables, x and y, and performs the following operations on a sequence a1, a2, ..., an of positive integers:
1. Initially, x = 1 and y = 0. If, after any st... |
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Two players are playing a game. First each of them writes an integer from 1 to 6, and then a dice is thrown. The player whose written number got closer to the number on the dice wins. If both payers have the same difference, it's a draw.
The first play... |
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Jzzhu is the president of country A. There are n cities numbered from 1 to n in his country. City 1 is the capital of A. Also there are m roads connecting the cities. One can go from city ui to vi (and vise versa) using the i-th road, the length of this... |
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Vasya decided to learn to play chess. Classic chess doesn't seem interesting to him, so he plays his own sort of chess.
The queen is the piece that captures all squares on its vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines. If the cell is located on the same ... |
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Anya has bought a new smartphone that uses Berdroid operating system. The smartphone menu has exactly n applications, each application has its own icon. The icons are located on different screens, one screen contains k icons. The icons from the first to... |
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Vector Willman and Array Bolt are the two most famous athletes of Byteforces. They are going to compete in a race with a distance of L meters today.
<image>
Willman and Bolt have exactly the same speed, so when they compete the result is always a tie.... |
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After the piece of a devilish mirror hit the Kay's eye, he is no longer interested in the beauty of the roses. Now he likes to watch snowflakes.
Once upon a time, he found a huge snowflake that has a form of the tree (connected acyclic graph) consistin... |
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Fox Ciel saw a large field while she was on a bus. The field was a n × m rectangle divided into 1 × 1 cells. Some cells were wasteland, and other each cell contained crop plants: either carrots or kiwis or grapes.
After seeing the field carefully, Cie... |
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Attention: we lost all the test cases for this problem, so instead of solving the problem, we need you to generate test cases. We're going to give you the answer, and you need to print a test case that produces the given answer. The original problem is ... |
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You are given an array a with n distinct integers. Construct an array b by permuting a such that for every non-empty subset of indices S = {x1, x2, ..., xk} (1 ≤ xi ≤ n, 0 < k < n) the sums of elements on that positions in a and b are different, i. e.
... |
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Bash likes playing with arrays. He has an array a1, a2, ... an of n integers. He likes to guess the greatest common divisor (gcd) of different segments of the array. Of course, sometimes the guess is not correct. However, Bash will be satisfied if his g... |
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The weather is fine today and hence it's high time to climb the nearby pine and enjoy the landscape.
The pine's trunk includes several branches, located one above another and numbered from 2 to y. Some of them (more precise, from 2 to p) are occupied b... |
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You are given an array of positive integers. While there are at least two equal elements, we will perform the following operation. We choose the smallest value x that occurs in the array 2 or more times. Take the first two occurrences of x in this array... |
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The Monk wants to buy some cities. To buy two cities, he needs to buy the road connecting those two cities. Now, you are given a list of roads, bought by the Monk. You need to tell how many cities did the Monk buy.
Input:
First line contains an integer... |
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Roy frequently needs to use his old Nokia cell phone for texting whose keypad looks exactly as shown below.
You may be already familiar with the working of the keypad, however if you're not we shall see a few examples.
To type "b", we need to pres... |
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Let f(n) be the number of triples of integers (x,y,z) that satisfy both of the following conditions:
* 1 \leq x,y,z
* x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + xy + yz + zx = n
Given an integer N, find each of f(1),f(2),f(3),\ldots,f(N).
Constraints
* All values in input... |
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Given are a positive integer N and a sequence of length 2^N consisting of 0s and 1s: A_0,A_1,\ldots,A_{2^N-1}. Determine whether there exists a closed curve C that satisfies the condition below for all 2^N sets S \subseteq \\{0,1,\ldots,N-1 \\}. If the ... |
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The squirrel Chokudai has N acorns. One day, he decides to do some trades in multiple precious metal exchanges to make more acorns.
His plan is as follows:
1. Get out of the nest with N acorns in his hands.
2. Go to Exchange A and do some trades.
3. G... |
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You have three tasks, all of which need to be completed.
First, you can complete any one task at cost 0.
Then, just after completing the i-th task, you can complete the j-th task at cost |A_j - A_i|.
Here, |x| denotes the absolute value of x.
Find t... |
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You have A 500-yen coins, B 100-yen coins and C 50-yen coins (yen is the currency of Japan). In how many ways can we select some of these coins so that they are X yen in total?
Coins of the same kind cannot be distinguished. Two ways to select coins ar... |
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There are N towns in the State of Atcoder, connected by M bidirectional roads.
The i-th road connects Town A_i and B_i and has a length of C_i.
Joisino is visiting R towns in the state, r_1,r_2,..,r_R (not necessarily in this order).
She will fly to ... |
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We will call a string x good if it satisfies the following condition:
* Condition: x can be represented as a concatenation of two copies of another string y of length at least 1.
For example, `aa` and `bubobubo` are good; an empty string, `a`, `abca... |
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You are given a permutation p of the set {1, 2, ..., N}. Please construct two sequences of positive integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_N and b_1, b_2, ..., b_N satisfying the following conditions:
* 1 \leq a_i, b_i \leq 10^9 for all i
* a_1 < a_2 < ... < a_N
* ... |
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Write a program that extracts n different numbers from the numbers 0 to 9 and outputs the number of combinations that add up to s. Each n number is from 0 to 9, and the same number cannot be used in one combination. For example, if n is 3 and s is 6, th... |
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An autumn sports festival is held. There are four events: foot race, ball-carrying, obstacle race, and relay. There are n teams participating, and we would like to commend the team with the shortest total time in this 4th event as the "winner", the next... |
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problem
At the JOI pasta shop, the recommended pasta for lunch and the set menu of freshly squeezed juice are popular. When ordering this set menu, choose one from each of the three pasta and two juices of the day. The price is the total price of pasta... |
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After having drifted about in a small boat for a couple of days, Akira Crusoe Maeda was finally cast ashore on a foggy island. Though he was exhausted and despaired, he was still fortunate to remember a legend of the foggy island, which he had heard fro... |
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Example
Input
4 3
1000 1
2000 2
3000 3
Output
2 3 4 4
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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C: Acrophobia
Yayoi Takasugi is a super-selling idol. There is one thing she is not good at. It's a high place ... She is extremely afraid of heights. This time, due to the producer's inadequacy, she decided to take on the following challenges on a var... |
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C --Dowsing Machine
Story
People make noise with X and Y, but the coming era will be "D". "Paklin Monster D" is a very popular game in which "D people" search for treasure using the "D machine" developed by the secret society "R team".
In this game, ... |
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B： 階層的計算機 (Hierarchical Calculator)
Problem
Ebi-chan has N formulae: y = a_i x for i =1, ..., N (inclusive). Now she considers a subsequence of indices with length k: s_1, s_2, ..., s_k. At first, let x_0 be 1 and evaluate s_1-th formulae with x = x_0... |
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Draw a rectangle which has a height of H cm and a width of W cm. Draw a 1-cm square by single '#'.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ H ≤ 300
* 1 ≤ W ≤ 300
Input
The input consists of multiple datasets. Each dataset consists of two integers H and W separated by a si... |
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Kattapa, as you all know was one of the greatest warriors of his time. The kingdom of Maahishmati had never lost a battle under him (as army-chief), and the reason for that was their really powerful army, also called as Mahasena.
Kattapa was known to be... |
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You are given an integer sequence a_1, a_2, ..., a_n.
Find the number of pairs of indices (l, r) (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n) such that the value of median of a_l, a_{l+1}, ..., a_r is exactly the given number m.
The median of a sequence is the value of an element... |
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You are given an array a, consisting of n positive integers.
Let's call a concatenation of numbers x and y the number that is obtained by writing down numbers x and y one right after another without changing the order. For example, a concatenation of n... |
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...Once upon a time a man came to the sea. The sea was stormy and dark. The man started to call for the little mermaid to appear but alas, he only woke up Cthulhu...
Whereas on the other end of the world Pentagon is actively collecting information tryi... |
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Vasya has got an array consisting of n integers, and two integers k and len in addition. All numbers in the array are either between 1 and k (inclusive), or equal to -1. The array is good if there is no segment of len consecutive equal numbers.
Vasya w... |
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Recently a Golden Circle of Beetlovers was found in Byteland. It is a circle route going through n ⋅ k cities. The cities are numerated from 1 to n ⋅ k, the distance between the neighboring cities is exactly 1 km.
Sergey does not like beetles, he loves... |
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Alice and Bob are playing a game on a line with n cells. There are n cells labeled from 1 through n. For each i from 1 to n-1, cells i and i+1 are adjacent.
Alice initially has a token on some cell on the line, and Bob tries to guess where it is.
Bob... |
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There are n products in the shop. The price of the i-th product is a_i. The owner of the shop wants to equalize the prices of all products. However, he wants to change prices smoothly.
In fact, the owner of the shop can change the price of some product... |
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Amugae is in a very large round corridor. The corridor consists of two areas. The inner area is equally divided by n sectors, and the outer area is equally divided by m sectors. A wall exists between each pair of sectors of same area (inner or outer), b... |
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Ujan has a lot of useless stuff in his drawers, a considerable part of which are his math notebooks: it is time to sort them out. This time he found an old dusty graph theory notebook with a description of a graph.
It is an undirected weighted graph on... |
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You are given two integers n and k. Your task is to find if n can be represented as a sum of k distinct positive odd (not divisible by 2) integers or not.
You have to answer t independent test cases.
Input
The first line of the input contains one int... |
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Leo has developed a new programming language C+=. In C+=, integer variables can only be changed with a "+=" operation that adds the right-hand side value to the left-hand side variable. For example, performing "a += b" when a = 2, b = 3 changes the valu... |
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Let's call left cyclic shift of some string t_1 t_2 t_3 ... t_{n - 1} t_n as string t_2 t_3 ... t_{n - 1} t_n t_1.
Analogically, let's call right cyclic shift of string t as string t_n t_1 t_2 t_3 ... t_{n - 1}.
Let's say string t is good if its left ... |
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You have a string s consisting of n characters. Each character is either 0 or 1.
You can perform operations on the string. Each operation consists of two steps:
1. select an integer i from 1 to the length of the string s, then delete the character s... |
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There is a binary string a of length n. In one operation, you can select any prefix of a with an equal number of 0 and 1 symbols. Then all symbols in the prefix are inverted: each 0 becomes 1 and each 1 becomes 0.
For example, suppose a=0111010000.
... |
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Parsa has a humongous tree on n vertices.
On each vertex v he has written two integers l_v and r_v.
To make Parsa's tree look even more majestic, Nima wants to assign a number a_v (l_v ≤ a_v ≤ r_v) to each vertex v such that the beauty of Parsa's tree... |
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There are n piles of stones of sizes a1, a2, ..., an lying on the table in front of you.
During one move you can take one pile and add it to the other. As you add pile i to pile j, the size of pile j increases by the current size of pile i, and pile i ... |
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Lenny is playing a game on a 3 × 3 grid of lights. In the beginning of the game all lights are switched on. Pressing any of the lights will toggle it and all side-adjacent lights. The goal of the game is to switch all the lights off. We consider the tog... |
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The city Valera lives in is going to hold elections to the city Parliament.
The city has n districts and n - 1 bidirectional roads. We know that from any district there is a path along the roads to any other district. Let's enumerate all districts in s... |
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'Jeopardy!' is an intellectual game where players answer questions and earn points. Company Q conducts a simplified 'Jeopardy!' tournament among the best IT companies. By a lucky coincidence, the old rivals made it to the finals: company R1 and company ... |
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Today s kilometer long auto race takes place in Berland. The track is represented by a straight line as long as s kilometers. There are n cars taking part in the race, all of them start simultaneously at the very beginning of the track. For every car is... |
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Appleman has n cards. Each card has an uppercase letter written on it. Toastman must choose k cards from Appleman's cards. Then Appleman should give Toastman some coins depending on the chosen cards. Formally, for each Toastman's card i you should calcu... |
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For a positive integer n let's define a function f:
f(n) = - 1 + 2 - 3 + .. + ( - 1)nn
Your task is to calculate f(n) for a given integer n.
Input
The single line contains the positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1015).
Output
Print f(n) in a single line.
... |
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The on-board computer on Polycarp's car measured that the car speed at the beginning of some section of the path equals v1 meters per second, and in the end it is v2 meters per second. We know that this section of the route took exactly t seconds to pas... |
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Today on a lecture about strings Gerald learned a new definition of string equivalency. Two strings a and b of equal length are called equivalent in one of the two cases:
1. They are equal.
2. If we split string a into two halves of the same size... |
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Mikhail the Freelancer dreams of two things: to become a cool programmer and to buy a flat in Moscow. To become a cool programmer, he needs at least p experience points, and a desired flat in Moscow costs q dollars. Mikhail is determined to follow his d... |
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Consider a linear function f(x) = Ax + B. Let's define g(0)(x) = x and g(n)(x) = f(g(n - 1)(x)) for n > 0. For the given integer values A, B, n and x find the value of g(n)(x) modulo 109 + 7.
Input
The only line contains four integers A, B, n and x (1... |
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"Night gathers, and now my watch begins. It shall not end until my death. I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children. I shall wear no crowns and win no glory. I shall live and die at my post. I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Some people leave the lights at their workplaces on when they leave that is a waste of resources. As a hausmeister of DHBW, Sagheer waits till all students and professors leave the university building, then goes and turns all the lights off.
The buildi... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Mayor of city S just hates trees and lawns. They take so much space and there could be a road on the place they occupy!
The Mayor thinks that one of the main city streets could be considerably widened on account of lawn nobody needs anyway. Moreover, t... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Consider a [billiard table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiard_table) of rectangular size n × m with four pockets. Let's introduce a coordinate system with the origin at the lower left corner (see the picture).
<image>
There is one ball at the po... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Ashima's mid term exams are just over. Since, its raining heavily outside, she can't go shopping.
So, she and her best friend Aishwarya have now decided to chill out by eating pizza, chocolates, biscuits, etc.. and playing some indoor games.
The pizza g... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Rufus wants to go to the Lily's birthday party to surprise Lily. But Lily's party invitation has a unique code on it which is in the form X-Y(e.g. 123-456). So Rufus need a invitation but he fails to get the invitation.
So he decided to make a invitati... |
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