gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-10100 | 5728341bff5b5019007d9ef2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In June 1970, Nasser accepted the US-sponsored Rogers Plan, which called for an end to hostilities and an Israeli withdrawal from Egyptian territory, but it was rejected by Israel, the PLO, and most Arab states except Jordan. Nasser had initially rejected the plan, but conceded under pressure from the Soviet Union, whi... | What did Nasser move to the canal zone? | What did Nasser move to the canal zone? | [
"What did Nasser move to the canal zone?"
] | {
"text": [
"SAM missiles"
],
"answer_start": [
839
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10101 | 572834c53acd2414000df6e5 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ... | When did Nasser die? | When did Nasser die? | [
"When did Nasser die?"
] | {
"text": [
"28 September 1970"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10102 | 572834c53acd2414000df6e6 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ... | How did Nasser die? | How did Nasser die? | [
"How did Nasser die?"
] | {
"text": [
"heart attack"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10103 | 572834c53acd2414000df6e7 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ... | Who was with Nasser when he died? | Who was with Nasser when he died? | [
"Who was with Nasser when he died?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10104 | 572834c53acd2414000df6e8 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ... | What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969? | What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969? | [
"What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?"
] | {
"text": [
"heart attacks"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10105 | 572834c53acd2414000df6e9 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ... | How old were Nasser's brothers when they died? | How old were Nasser's brothers when they died? | [
"How old were Nasser's brothers when they died?"
] | {
"text": [
"in their fifties"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10106 | 572835783acd2414000df6f9 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.... | How many people attended Nasser's funeral? | How many people attended Nasser's funeral? | [
"How many people attended Nasser's funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least five million"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10107 | 572835783acd2414000df6fa | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.... | At what landmark did the funeral procession begin? | At what landmark did the funeral procession begin? | [
"At what landmark did the funeral procession begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"the old RCC headquarters"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10108 | 572835783acd2414000df6fb | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.... | Who was the only Arab leader not to attend Nasser's funeral? | Who was the only Arab leader not to attend Nasser's funeral? | [
"Who was the only Arab leader not to attend Nasser's funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saudi King Faisal"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10109 | 572835783acd2414000df6fc | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.... | What leader twice fainted during the funeral? | What leader twice fainted during the funeral? | [
"What leader twice fainted during the funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muammar Gaddafi"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10110 | 572835783acd2414000df6fd | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.... | Who was the Soviet leader who attended Nasser's funeral? | Who was the Soviet leader who attended Nasser's funeral? | [
"Who was the Soviet leader who attended Nasser's funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexei Kosygin"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10111 | 57283627ff5b5019007d9f2e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen ... | How many eople died in Breuit because of unrest caused by Nasser's death? | How many eople died in Breuit because of unrest caused by Nasser's death? | [
"How many eople died in Breuit because of unrest caused by Nasser's death?"
] | {
"text": [
"Over a dozen"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10112 | 57283627ff5b5019007d9f2f | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen ... | How many people marched in Jerusalem? | How many people marched in Jerusalem? | [
"How many people marched in Jerusalem?"
] | {
"text": [
"75,000"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10113 | 57283627ff5b5019007d9f30 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen ... | Who said, "The world will never again see five million people crying together?" | Who said, "The world will never again see five million people crying together?" | [
"Who said, \"The world will never again see five million people crying together?\""
] | {
"text": [
"Sherif Hetata"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10114 | 57283627ff5b5019007d9f31 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen ... | What did a Lebanese publication call the Arabs following Nasser's death? | What did a Lebanese publication call the Arabs following Nasser's death? | [
"What did a Lebanese publication call the Arabs following Nasser's death?"
] | {
"text": [
"orphans"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10115 | 572836cc3acd2414000df71d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish social justice, which he deemed a prerequisite to liberal democracy. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprec... | What did Nasser completely eliminate from Egypt? | What did Nasser completely eliminate from Egypt? | [
"What did Nasser completely eliminate from Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"British influence"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10116 | 572836cc3acd2414000df71e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish social justice, which he deemed a prerequisite to liberal democracy. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprec... | What did Nasser work to put into place in Egypt? | What did Nasser work to put into place in Egypt? | [
"What did Nasser work to put into place in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"social justice"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10117 | 572836cc3acd2414000df71f | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish social justice, which he deemed a prerequisite to liberal democracy. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprec... | How were working conditions and employment at the end of Nasser's presidency? | How were working conditions and employment at the end of Nasser's presidency? | [
"How were working conditions and employment at the end of Nasser's presidency?"
] | {
"text": [
"improved considerably"
],
"answer_start": [
538
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10118 | 572836cd3acd2414000df720 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish social justice, which he deemed a prerequisite to liberal democracy. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprec... | What had drained resources from Nasser's social programs? | What had drained resources from Nasser's social programs? | [
"What had drained resources from Nasser's social programs?"
] | {
"text": [
"war effort"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10119 | 5728377f3acd2414000df72f | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recover... | What reform, initiated by Nasser, caused the Egyptian economy to grow? | What reform, initiated by Nasser, caused the Egyptian economy to grow? | [
"What reform, initiated by Nasser, caused the Egyptian economy to grow?"
] | {
"text": [
"agrarian"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10120 | 5728377f3acd2414000df730 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recover... | What are two infrastructure projects Nasser embarked on? | What are two infrastructure projects Nasser embarked on? | [
"What are two infrastructure projects Nasser embarked on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10121 | 5728377f3acd2414000df731 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recover... | How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to? | How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to? | [
"How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to?"
] | {
"text": [
"golden age"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10122 | 5728377f3acd2414000df732 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recover... | What was the most prominent thing Nasser nationalized? | What was the most prominent thing Nasser nationalized? | [
"What was the most prominent thing Nasser nationalized?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suez Canal"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10123 | 572838114b864d190016477a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi... | What type of political parties came about when Mubarek was president? | What type of political parties came about when Mubarek was president? | [
"What type of political parties came about when Mubarek was president?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasserist"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10124 | 572838114b864d190016477b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi... | What was the first Nasserist political party? | What was the first Nasserist political party? | [
"What was the first Nasserist political party?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab Democratic Nasserist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10125 | 572838114b864d190016477c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi... | What party came in third in the 2013 election? | What party came in third in the 2013 election? | [
"What party came in third in the 2013 election?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sabahi"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10126 | 572838114b864d190016477d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi... | What consolated party was formed from several Nasserist groups? | What consolated party was formed from several Nasserist groups? | [
"What consolated party was formed from several Nasserist groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Nasserist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
678
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10127 | 572838912ca10214002da0fc | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wro... | What was Nasser known for in regard to ordinary citizens? | What was Nasser known for in regard to ordinary citizens? | [
"What was Nasser known for in regard to ordinary citizens?"
] | {
"text": [
"availability to the public"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10128 | 572838912ca10214002da0fd | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wro... | How many speeches did Nasser give? | How many speeches did Nasser give? | [
"How many speeches did Nasser give?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,359"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10129 | 572838912ca10214002da0fe | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wro... | Who gave the most speeches of any Egyptian leader? | Who gave the most speeches of any Egyptian leader? | [
"Who gave the most speeches of any Egyptian leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10130 | 572838912ca10214002da0ff | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wro... | What institution helped cultivate Nasser's positive public image? | What institution helped cultivate Nasser's positive public image? | [
"What institution helped cultivate Nasser's positive public image?"
] | {
"text": [
"press"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10131 | 572839254b864d1900164792 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and al... | Who was most critical of Nasser's rule? | Who was most critical of Nasser's rule? | [
"Who was most critical of Nasser's rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian intellectuals"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10132 | 572839254b864d1900164793 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and al... | What event generated criticism of Nasser from Egypt's elite? | What event generated criticism of Nasser from Egypt's elite? | [
"What event generated criticism of Nasser from Egypt's elite?"
] | {
"text": [
"Six-Day War"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10133 | 572839254b864d1900164794 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and al... | During whose presidency were Egyptians nostalgic for Nasser? | During whose presidency were Egyptians nostalgic for Nasser? | [
"During whose presidency were Egyptians nostalgic for Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mubarak"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10134 | 572839254b864d1900164795 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and al... | What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident? | What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident? | [
"What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident?"
] | {
"text": [
"national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10135 | 5728408d4b864d1900164808 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations. Islamists in Egypt, particularly members of the politically persecuted Brotherhood, viewed Nasser as oppressi... | Whad did Nasser's enemies call him? | Whad did Nasser's enemies call him? | [
"Whad did Nasser's enemies call him?"
] | {
"text": [
"dictator"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10136 | 5728408d4b864d1900164809 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations. Islamists in Egypt, particularly members of the politically persecuted Brotherhood, viewed Nasser as oppressi... | Who did Nasser imprison thousands of? | Who did Nasser imprison thousands of? | [
"Who did Nasser imprison thousands of?"
] | {
"text": [
"dissidents"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10137 | 5728408d4b864d190016480a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations. Islamists in Egypt, particularly members of the politically persecuted Brotherhood, viewed Nasser as oppressi... | What did Tawfiq al-Hakim call Nasser? | What did Tawfiq al-Hakim call Nasser? | [
"What did Tawfiq al-Hakim call Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"confused Sultan"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10138 | 572841242ca10214002da1a0 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din... | What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal? | What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal? | [
"What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Wafd Party"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10139 | 572841242ca10214002da1a1 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din... | Who blamed the 1952 revolution's failings on Nasser? | Who blamed the 1952 revolution's failings on Nasser? | [
"Who blamed the 1952 revolution's failings on Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alaa al-Din Desouki"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10140 | 572841242ca10214002da1a2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din... | To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal? | To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal? | [
"To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal?"
] | {
"text": [
"successful manipulation and demagoguery"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10141 | 572841e63acd2414000df7df | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence ... | What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary? | What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary? | [
"What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary?"
] | {
"text": [
"intermediaries"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10142 | 572841e63acd2414000df7e0 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence ... | What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability? | What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability? | [
"What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability?"
] | {
"text": [
"strong political institutions"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10143 | 572841e63acd2414000df7e1 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence ... | Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader? | Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader? | [
"Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abd al-Azim Ramadan"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10144 | 572841e63acd2414000df7e2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence ... | Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor? | Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor? | [
"Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Miles Copeland, Jr"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10145 | 572842a0ff5b5019007da030 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffi... | Who was Nasser's vice president? | Who was Nasser's vice president? | [
"Who was Nasser's vice president?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zakaria Mohieddin"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10146 | 572842a0ff5b5019007da031 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffi... | What gambit did Nasser fail at in his bluster with Israel? | What gambit did Nasser fail at in his bluster with Israel? | [
"What gambit did Nasser fail at in his bluster with Israel?"
] | {
"text": [
"bluffing"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10147 | 572842a0ff5b5019007da032 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffi... | What did Nasser do over the years of his rule? | What did Nasser do over the years of his rule? | [
"What did Nasser do over the years of his rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"gradually changed"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10148 | 572842a0ff5b5019007da033 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffi... | What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to? | What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to? | [
"What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to?"
] | {
"text": [
"diabetes"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10149 | 57284349ff5b5019007da040 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those co... | What did other Arab leaders have to do to gain admiration of their populations? | What did other Arab leaders have to do to gain admiration of their populations? | [
"What did other Arab leaders have to do to gain admiration of their populations?"
] | {
"text": [
"seek good relations with Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10150 | 57284349ff5b5019007da041 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those co... | What did Nasser cause in the wider Arab world? | What did Nasser cause in the wider Arab world? | [
"What did Nasser cause in the wider Arab world?"
] | {
"text": [
"several nationalist revolutions"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10151 | 57284349ff5b5019007da042 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those co... | What have other Arab leaders been unable to do that Nasser was? | What have other Arab leaders been unable to do that Nasser was? | [
"What have other Arab leaders been unable to do that Nasser was?"
] | {
"text": [
"communicated directly with the public masses"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10152 | 57284349ff5b5019007da043 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of states of those co... | What did Nasser symbolize? | What did Nasser symbolize? | [
"What did Nasser symbolize?"
] | {
"text": [
"the popular Arab will"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10153 | 572844272ca10214002da1f6 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist? | Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist? | [
"Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ben Bella"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10154 | 572844272ca10214002da1f7 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen? | What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen? | [
"What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdullah al-Sallal"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10155 | 572844272ca10214002da1f8 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | Which leader considered Nasser his hero? | Which leader considered Nasser his hero? | [
"Which leader considered Nasser his hero?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muammar Gaddafi"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10156 | 572844272ca10214002da1f9 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser? | What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser? | [
"What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10157 | 572844272ca10214002da1fa | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | What organization continued Nasser's philosophies? | What organization continued Nasser's philosophies? | [
"What organization continued Nasser's philosophies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab Nationalist Movement"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10158 | 572844e12ca10214002da208 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film se... | What 1963 film compared Nasser to Saladin? | What 1963 film compared Nasser to Saladin? | [
"What 1963 film compared Nasser to Saladin?"
] | {
"text": [
"El Nasser Salah El Dine"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10159 | 572844e12ca10214002da209 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film se... | What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record? | What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record? | [
"What 1996 Nasser-related film set a box office record?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasser 56"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10160 | 572844e12ca10214002da20a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film se... | What was Nasser 56 about? | What was Nasser 56 about? | [
"What was Nasser 56 about?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suez Crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10161 | 572844e12ca10214002da20b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1963, Egyptian director Youssef Chahine produced the film El Nasser Salah El Dine ("Saladin The Victorious"), which intentionally drew parallels between Saladin, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by Ahmed Zaki in Mohamed Fadel's 1996 Nasser 56. The film se... | What was the famous biopic about Nasser? | What was the famous biopic about Nasser? | [
"What was the famous biopic about Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gamal Abdel Nasser"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10162 | 572845633acd2414000df827 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Mansh... | Who did Nasser marry in 1944? | Who did Nasser marry in 1944? | [
"Who did Nasser marry in 1944?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tahia Kazem"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10163 | 572845633acd2414000df828 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Mansh... | Who introduced Nasser and his wife? | Who introduced Nasser and his wife? | [
"Who introduced Nasser and his wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdel Hamid Kazim"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10164 | 572845633acd2414000df829 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Mansh... | Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married? | Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married? | [
"Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manshiyat al-Bakri"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10165 | 572845633acd2414000df82a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Mansh... | What job of Nasser's offered him a comparably comfortable lifestyle? | What job of Nasser's offered him a comparably comfortable lifestyle? | [
"What job of Nasser's offered him a comparably comfortable lifestyle?"
] | {
"text": [
"officer corps"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10166 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | What was Nasser's principle vice? | What was Nasser's principle vice? | [
"What was Nasser's principle vice?"
] | {
"text": [
"chain smoking"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10167 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | How long was a typical workday for Nasser? | How long was a typical workday for Nasser? | [
"How long was a typical workday for Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"18-hour"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10168 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | What illness was Nasser diagnosed with in 1960? | What illness was Nasser diagnosed with in 1960? | [
"What illness was Nasser diagnosed with in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [
"diabetes"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10169 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | What year did Nasser die? | What year did Nasser die? | [
"What year did Nasser die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10170 | 5728460d2ca10214002da21e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arterioscle... | What did Egyptian state media claim was the reason for Nasser's absence after his second heart attack? | What did Egyptian state media claim was the reason for Nasser's absence after his second heart attack? | [
"What did Egyptian state media claim was the reason for Nasser's absence after his second heart attack?"
] | {
"text": [
"influenza"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10171 | 56ddd7499a695914005b9606 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What language does the word "symbiosis" come from? | What language does the word "symbiosis" come from? | [
"What language does the word \"symbiosis\" come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10172 | 56ddd7499a695914005b9607 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What type of organism did Frank apply the term "symbiosis" to? | What type of organism did Frank apply the term "symbiosis" to? | [
"What type of organism did Frank apply the term \"symbiosis\" to?"
] | {
"text": [
"lichens"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10173 | 56ddd7499a695914005b9608 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What nationality was Heinrich Anton de Bary? | What nationality was Heinrich Anton de Bary? | [
"What nationality was Heinrich Anton de Bary?"
] | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10174 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c3 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank? | What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank? | [
"What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10175 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c4 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | When did Heinrich Anton de Bary discover lichens? | When did Heinrich Anton de Bary discover lichens? | [
"When did Heinrich Anton de Bary discover lichens?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10176 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c5 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | When was the the word "symbiosis" discovered? | When was the the word "symbiosis" discovered? | [
"When was the the word \"symbiosis\" discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10177 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c6 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist? | What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist? | [
"What year did Heinrich Anton de Bary become a mycologist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10178 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c7 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define "symbiosis" as "the living together of unlike organisms."? | What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define "symbiosis" as "the living together of unlike organisms."? | [
"What year did Albert Bernhard Frank agree to define \"symbiosis\" as \"the living together of unlike organisms.\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10179 | 56ddd9109a695914005b9617 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis? | How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis? | [
"How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"130 years"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10180 | 5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d3 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis? | How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis? | [
"How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10181 | 5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d4 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms? | How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms? | [
"How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10182 | 5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d5 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis? | What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis? | [
"What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10183 | 5a7fcf048f0597001ac000d6 | Symbiosis | The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and eco... | What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis? | What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis? | [
"What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10184 | 56ddda2d66d3e219004dad29 | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other? | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other? | [
"What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other?"
] | {
"text": [
"obligate"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10185 | 56ddda2d66d3e219004dad2a | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone? | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone? | [
"What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?"
] | {
"text": [
"facultative"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10186 | 56ddda2d66d3e219004dad2b | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is an example of an obligate relationship? | What is an example of an obligate relationship? | [
"What is an example of an obligate relationship?"
] | {
"text": [
"lichens"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10187 | 5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000db | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts? | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts? | [
"What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without photosynthetic symbionts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10188 | 5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dc | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship? | What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship? | [
"What organism demonstrates only the facultative symbiotic relationship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10189 | 5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000dd | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship? | What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship? | [
"What organism demonstrates only the obligate symbiotic relationship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10190 | 5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000de | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without fungal symbionts? | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without fungal symbionts? | [
"What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can survive without fungal symbionts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10191 | 5a7fd4e18f0597001ac000df | Symbiosis | Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism. | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts? | What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts? | [
"What is the type of symbiotic relationship where many organisms must depend on photosynthetic symbionts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10192 | 56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4d | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is an example of ectosymbiosis? | What is an example of ectosymbiosis? | [
"What is an example of ectosymbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"mistletoe"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10193 | 56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4e | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it called when the organisms are not physically joined? | What is it called when the organisms are not physically joined? | [
"What is it called when the organisms are not physically joined?"
] | {
"text": [
"disjunctive symbiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10194 | 56ddde2d66d3e219004dad4f | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner? | What is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner? | [
"What is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner?"
] | {
"text": [
"endosymbiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10195 | 5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e5 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis? | What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis? | [
"What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10196 | 5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e6 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis? | What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis? | [
"What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10197 | 5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e7 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis? | What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis? | [
"What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10198 | 5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e8 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner? | What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner? | [
"What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10199 | 5a7fdc788f0597001ac000e9 | Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of t... | What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union? | What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union? | [
"What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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