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gem-squad_v2-train-102000
5a514b63ce860b001aa3fcbe
States_of_Germany
Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status.
When was East Germany founded?
When was East Germany founded?
[ "When was East Germany founded?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102001
5a514b63ce860b001aa3fcbf
States_of_Germany
Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status.
When was the Saar Protectorate given to the French?
When was the Saar Protectorate given to the French?
[ "When was the Saar Protectorate given to the French?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102002
5a514b63ce860b001aa3fcc0
States_of_Germany
Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status.
What are referred to as the 'new states'?
What are referred to as the 'new states'?
[ "What are referred to as the 'new states'?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102003
5a514b63ce860b001aa3fcc1
States_of_Germany
Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status.
What German state did West Berlin fall under?
What German state did West Berlin fall under?
[ "What German state did West Berlin fall under?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102004
57291cb03f37b3190047802d
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
What was the German constitution later amended to say about the citizens of the 16 states?
What was the German constitution later amended to say about the citizens of the 16 states?
[ "What was the German constitution later amended to say about the citizens of the 16 states?" ]
{ "text": [ "had successfully achieved the unity of Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102005
57291cb03f37b3190047802e
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what?
Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what?
[ "Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what?" ]
{ "text": [ "\"any other parts of Germany\" to join" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102006
57291cb03f37b3190047802f
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate?
Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate?
[ "Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate? " ]
{ "text": [ "Saar Protectorate" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102007
57291cb03f37b31900478030
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
The amended article 23 now defines the participation of the Federal Council and what else?
The amended article 23 now defines the participation of the Federal Council and what else?
[ "The amended article 23 now defines the participation of the Federal Council and what else?" ]
{ "text": [ "the 16 German states" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102008
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcd7
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people?
What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people?
[ "What was amended to signify that Basic Law no longer applied to the German people?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102009
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcd8
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
How was article 23 rephrased to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate?
How was article 23 rephrased to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate?
[ "How was article 23 rephrased to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102010
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcd9
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
What was used as a model for German Reunification in 1980?
What was used as a model for German Reunification in 1980?
[ "What was used as a model for German Reunification in 1980?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102011
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcda
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
Which article does the Federal Council define?
Which article does the Federal Council define?
[ "Which article does the Federal Council define?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102012
5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcdb
States_of_Germany
Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used in 1957 to reintegrate the Saar Protectorate as the Saarland into the Federal Republic, and this was used as a model for German reunification in 1990. The amended article now defines the participation of the Federal Council and the 16 German states in matters concerning the European Union.
How many states are a part of the German Union?
How many states are a part of the German Union?
[ "How many states are a part of the German Union?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102013
57291d241d04691400779065
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?
What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?
[ "What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?" ]
{ "text": [ "new delimitation of the federal territory" ], "answer_start": [ 2 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102014
57291d241d04691400779066
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?
What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?
[ "What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?" ]
{ "text": [ "a reduction of the number of states" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102015
57291d241d04691400779067
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?
What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?
[ "What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?" ]
{ "text": [ "Territorial reform" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102016
5a514ec4ce860b001aa3fce7
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
Since when has the delimitation of state territories been discussed?
Since when has the delimitation of state territories been discussed?
[ "Since when has the delimitation of state territories been discussed?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102017
5a514ec4ce860b001aa3fce8
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
Who advocated an increase in the number of states?
Who advocated an increase in the number of states?
[ "Who advocated an increase in the number of states?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102018
5a514ec4ce860b001aa3fce9
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
Which public discussions had far-reaching appeal?
Which public discussions had far-reaching appeal?
[ "Which public discussions had far-reaching appeal?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102019
5a514ec4ce860b001aa3fcea
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
Why do poorer states propagate territorial reform?
Why do poorer states propagate territorial reform?
[ "Why do poorer states propagate territorial reform?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102020
5a514ec4ce860b001aa3fceb
States_of_Germany
A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.
What advantage is it for richer states if territorial reform is enacted?
What advantage is it for richer states if territorial reform is enacted?
[ "What advantage is it for richer states if territorial reform is enacted? " ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102021
57291e663f37b31900478039
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?
When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?
[ "When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?" ]
{ "text": [ "1919" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102022
57291e663f37b3190047803a
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution?
Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution?
[ "Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hugo Preuss" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102023
57291e663f37b3190047803b
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
How many states was the German Reich to divided into?
How many states was the German Reich to divided into?
[ "How many states was the German Reich to divided into?" ]
{ "text": [ "14" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102024
57291e663f37b3190047803c
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred?
Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred?
[ "Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred? " ]
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 623 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102025
57291e663f37b3190047803d
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
When did Pyrmont join Prussia?
When did Pyrmont join Prussia?
[ "When did Pyrmont join Prussia?" ]
{ "text": [ "1922" ], "answer_start": [ 784 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102026
5a515069ce860b001aa3fcf9
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
When did the debate on the new constitution began?
When did the debate on the new constitution began?
[ "When did the debate on the new constitution began?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102027
5a515069ce860b001aa3fcfa
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
Who was the father of the German Constitution?
Who was the father of the German Constitution?
[ "Who was the father of the German Constitution?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102028
5a515069ce860b001aa3fcfb
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
Who drafted a plan to divide the German territory into 14 unequal states?
Who drafted a plan to divide the German territory into 14 unequal states?
[ "Who drafted a plan to divide the German territory into 14 unequal states?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102029
5a515069ce860b001aa3fcfc
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
What made it impossible to enable new delimitation in article 18?
What made it impossible to enable new delimitation in article 18?
[ "What made it impossible to enable new delimitation in article 18?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102030
5a515069ce860b001aa3fcfd
States_of_Germany
The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.
What could be decided with a simple majority of votes?
What could be decided with a simple majority of votes?
[ "What could be decided with a simple majority of votes?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102031
57291f33af94a219006aa0a7
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
When did the Nazi Party seize power?
When did the Nazi Party seize power?
[ "When did the Nazi Party seize power?" ]
{ "text": [ "January 1933" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102032
57291f33af94a219006aa0a8
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime?
What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime?
[ "What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime?" ]
{ "text": [ "They became administrative regions" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102033
57291f33af94a219006aa0a9
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state?
on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state?
[ "on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state?" ]
{ "text": [ "Mecklenburg-Strelitz" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102034
57291f33af94a219006aa0aa
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur?
When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur?
[ "When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur?" ]
{ "text": [ "April 1, 1937" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102035
57291f33af94a219006aa0ab
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of?
Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of?
[ "Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of?" ]
{ "text": [ "Schleswig-Holstein" ], "answer_start": [ 482 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102036
5a515229ce860b001aa3fd0b
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
Who seized power in January of 1934?
Who seized power in January of 1934?
[ "Who seized power in January of 1934?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102037
5a515229ce860b001aa3fd0c
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
Why did the Lander increase in power after 1933?
Why did the Lander increase in power after 1933?
[ "Why did the Lander increase in power after 1933?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102038
5a515229ce860b001aa3fd0d
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
What act allowed the reduction of the area for the united Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz?
What act allowed the reduction of the area for the united Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz?
[ "What act allowed the reduction of the area for the united Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102039
5a515229ce860b001aa3fd0e
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
Who gained their independence in 1937?
Who gained their independence in 1937?
[ "Who gained their independence in 1937?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102040
5a515229ce860b001aa3fd0f
States_of_Germany
After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
When did Schleswig-Holstein become a part of the Prussian province?
When did Schleswig-Holstein become a part of the Prussian province?
[ "When did Schleswig-Holstein become a part of the Prussian province?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102041
57292188af94a219006aa0cf
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory?
In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory?
[ "In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory?" ]
{ "text": [ "the Federal Territory must be revised" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102042
57292188af94a219006aa0d0
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?
How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?
[ "How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?" ]
{ "text": [ "one tenth" ], "answer_start": [ 585 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102043
57292188af94a219006aa0d1
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed?
What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed?
[ "What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed? " ]
{ "text": [ "a referendum" ], "answer_start": [ 752 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102044
57292188af94a219006aa0d2
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force?
Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force?
[ "Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force?" ]
{ "text": [ "paragraph 6" ], "answer_start": [ 1231 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102045
5a515692ce860b001aa3fd15
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
Who addressed an issue if the premiers came to an agreement?
Who addressed an issue if the premiers came to an agreement?
[ "Who addressed an issue if the premiers came to an agreement?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102046
5a515692ce860b001aa3fd16
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
Which article was used to avoid a provision for new delimitation of territory?
Which article was used to avoid a provision for new delimitation of territory?
[ "Which article was used to avoid a provision for new delimitation of territory?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102047
5a515692ce860b001aa3fd17
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
People were allowed to petition for a revision as long as they had what?
People were allowed to petition for a revision as long as they had what?
[ "People were allowed to petition for a revision as long as they had what?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102048
5a515692ce860b001aa3fd18
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
What fraction of people voted in Bundestag elections?
What fraction of people voted in Bundestag elections?
[ "What fraction of people voted in Bundestag elections?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102049
5a515692ce860b001aa3fd19
States_of_Germany
As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).
Who could introduce a bill even if the affected territories did not vote for a change?
Who could introduce a bill even if the affected territories did not vote for a change?
[ "Who could introduce a bill even if the affected territories did not vote for a change?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102050
5729240c1d046914007790b9
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?
In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?
[ "In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?" ]
{ "text": [ "Paris Agreements" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102051
5729240c1d046914007790ba
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?
In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?
[ "In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?" ]
{ "text": [ "67.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102052
5729240c1d046914007790bb
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
What was the Saar Statute referendum voter turnout?
What was the Saar Statute referendum voter turnout?
[ "What was the Saar Statute referendum voter turnout?" ]
{ "text": [ "96.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102053
5729240c1d046914007790bc
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
Which political figure supported the Saar Statute referendum?
Which political figure supported the Saar Statute referendum?
[ "Which political figure supported the Saar Statute referendum?" ]
{ "text": [ "Chancellor Konrad Adenauer" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102054
5729240c1d046914007790bd
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to do what?
The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to do what?
[ "The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to do what?" ]
{ "text": [ "join the Federal Republic of Germany." ], "answer_start": [ 495 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102055
5a515fcbce860b001aa3fd5d
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
What did France offer in the French agreements of 1954?
What did France offer in the French agreements of 1954?
[ "What did France offer in the French agreements of 1954?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102056
5a515fcbce860b001aa3fd5e
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
Who was under the auspices of the Eastern European Union?
Who was under the auspices of the Eastern European Union?
[ "Who was under the auspices of the Eastern European Union?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102057
5a515fcbce860b001aa3fd5f
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
By what percentage did the Saar Statute referendum pass?
By what percentage did the Saar Statute referendum pass?
[ "By what percentage did the Saar Statute referendum pass?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102058
5a515fcbce860b001aa3fd60
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
What referendum was passed by the electorate?
What referendum was passed by the electorate?
[ "What referendum was passed by the electorate?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102059
5a515fcbce860b001aa3fd61
States_of_Germany
In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.
Which German Chancellor was against the Saar Statute referendum?
Which German Chancellor was against the Saar Statute referendum?
[ "Which German Chancellor was against the Saar Statute referendum?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102060
572924e26aef051400154a9c
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?
[ "Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?" ]
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102061
572924e26aef051400154a9d
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
What did the Hesse state government due when the May 5, 1958 deadline passed?
What did the Hesse state government due when the May 5, 1958 deadline passed?
[ "What did the Hesse state government due when the May 5, 1958 deadline passed?" ]
{ "text": [ "filed a constitutional complaint" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102062
572924e26aef051400154a9e
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?
When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?
[ "When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?" ]
{ "text": [ "July 1961" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102063
572924e26aef051400154a9f
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed
On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed
[ "On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed" ]
{ "text": [ "exclusively federal matter" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102064
5a516183ce860b001aa3fd77
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
Which article claimed if a petition was successful there was no need for a referendum?
Which article claimed if a petition was successful there was no need for a referendum?
[ "Which article claimed if a petition was successful there was no need for a referendum?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102065
5a516183ce860b001aa3fd78
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
Which government filed a request to change their constitution?
Which government filed a request to change their constitution?
[ "Which government filed a request to change their constitution? " ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102066
5a516183ce860b001aa3fd79
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
By who was the Hesse state government's complaint heard?
By who was the Hesse state government's complaint heard?
[ "By who was the Hesse state government's complaint heard?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102067
5a516183ce860b001aa3fd7a
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
Why did the constitutional court decide to hear the Hesse State complaint?
Why did the constitutional court decide to hear the Hesse State complaint?
[ "Why did the constitutional court decide to hear the Hesse State complaint?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102068
5a516183ce860b001aa3fd7b
States_of_Germany
Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.
Who did the court tell they had a requirement to bind territorial revisions?
Who did the court tell they had a requirement to bind territorial revisions?
[ "Who did the court tell they had a requirement to bind territorial revisions?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102069
572926bd6aef051400154aca
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
What did Chancellor Willy Brandt propose in his 28 October 1969 address?
What did Chancellor Willy Brandt propose in his 28 October 1969 address?
[ "What did Chancellor Willy Brandt propose in his 28 October 1969 address?" ]
{ "text": [ "Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102070
572926bd6aef051400154acb
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his 28 October 1969 address?
Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his 28 October 1969 address?
[ "Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his 28 October 1969 address?" ]
{ "text": [ "Bonn" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102071
572926bd6aef051400154acc
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
An expert commission was established under which chairman?
An expert commission was established under which chairman?
[ "An expert commission was established under which chairman?" ]
{ "text": [ "Werner Ernst" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102072
572926bd6aef051400154acd
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
When did the expert commission deliver its report?
When did the expert commission deliver its report?
[ "When did the expert commission deliver its report?" ]
{ "text": [ "the district of Germersheim" ], "answer_start": [ 1052 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102073
572926bd6aef051400154ace
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
Which state would the district of Germersheim be a part of?
Which state would the district of Germersheim be a part of?
[ "Which state would the district of Germersheim be a part of?" ]
{ "text": [ "Baden-Württemberg" ], "answer_start": [ 1106 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102074
5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd81
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
Which chancellor proposed that article 29 should no longer be a binding order?
Which chancellor proposed that article 29 should no longer be a binding order?
[ "Which chancellor proposed that article 29 should no longer be a binding order?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102075
5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd82
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
Who established an expert commission to discuss article 29?
Who established an expert commission to discuss article 29?
[ "Who established an expert commission to discuss article 29?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102076
5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd83
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
When was an expert commission established?
When was an expert commission established?
[ "When was an expert commission established?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102077
5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd84
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
What was the proposal for a single new state in the South?
What was the proposal for a single new state in the South?
[ "What was the proposal for a single new state in the South?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102078
5a5164d2ce860b001aa3fd85
States_of_Germany
In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.
What area was suggested should be separated from Hesse?
What area was suggested should be separated from Hesse?
[ "What area was suggested should be separated from Hesse?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102079
5729281f6aef051400154ae6
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law"?
Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law"?
[ "Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must \"conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law\"?" ]
{ "text": [ "Article 28" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102080
5729281f6aef051400154ae7
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
Most states are governed by what figure?
Most states are governed by what figure?
[ "Most states are governed by what figure?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ministerpräsident" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102081
5729281f6aef051400154ae8
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
What are most state legislatures called?
What are most state legislatures called?
[ "What are most state legislatures called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Landtag" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102082
5729281f6aef051400154ae9
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
How is the Minister President chosen?
How is the Minister President chosen?
[ "How is the Minister President chosen?" ]
{ "text": [ "a majority vote among the Landtag's members" ], "answer_start": [ 714 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102083
5729281f6aef051400154aea
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
Who does Minister-President choose to run state agencies?
Who does Minister-President choose to run state agencies?
[ "Who does Minister-President choose to run state agencies?" ]
{ "text": [ "a cabinet" ], "answer_start": [ 791 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102084
5a5166c4ce860b001aa3fd8b
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
What principles does the basic law suggest that Germany is not required to conform to?
What principles does the basic law suggest that Germany is not required to conform to?
[ "What principles does the basic law suggest that Germany is not required to conform to?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102085
5a5166c4ce860b001aa3fd8c
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
Who is the federal government in Germany governed by?
Who is the federal government in Germany governed by?
[ "Who is the federal government in Germany governed by?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102086
5a5166c4ce860b001aa3fd8d
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
What is the name of the federal legislative body?
What is the name of the federal legislative body?
[ "What is the name of the federal legislative body?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102087
5a5166c4ce860b001aa3fd8e
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
What relationships differ between parliamentary republics and federal systems?
What relationships differ between parliamentary republics and federal systems?
[ "What relationships differ between parliamentary republics and federal systems?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102088
5a5166c4ce860b001aa3fd8f
States_of_Germany
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.
Who chooses the cabinet in the Landtag?
Who chooses the cabinet in the Landtag?
[ "Who chooses the cabinet in the Landtag?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102089
57292b1f6aef051400154b1c
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?
What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?
[ "What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Senate" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102090
57292b1f6aef051400154b1d
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What is the government called in the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia?
What is the government called in the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia?
[ " What is the government called in the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia?" ]
{ "text": [ "the State Government" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102091
57292b1f6aef051400154b1e
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What did Bavaria's government have before 2001?
What did Bavaria's government have before 2001?
[ "What did Bavaria's government have before 2001?" ]
{ "text": [ "a bicameral parliament" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102092
57292b1f6aef051400154b1f
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
How many people are in the executive branch senate in Berlin?
How many people are in the executive branch senate in Berlin?
[ "How many people are in the executive branch senate in Berlin?" ]
{ "text": [ "eight" ], "answer_start": [ 716 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102093
57292b1f6aef051400154b20
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
The parliament in Berlin is called what?
The parliament in Berlin is called what?
[ "The parliament in Berlin is called what?" ]
{ "text": [ "Abgeordnetenhaus" ], "answer_start": [ 1103 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102094
5a516c74ce860b001aa3fd9f
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What kind of government did Bavaria have after 2001?
What kind of government did Bavaria have after 2001?
[ "What kind of government did Bavaria have after 2001?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102095
5a516c74ce860b001aa3fda0
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What state has an appointed Landtag?
What state has an appointed Landtag?
[ "What state has an appointed Landtag?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102096
5a516c74ce860b001aa3fda1
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What is the Landtag of Bavaria made up of?
What is the Landtag of Bavaria made up of?
[ "What is the Landtag of Bavaria made up of?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102097
5a516c74ce860b001aa3fda2
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
How many representatives are on the Senate of the legislative branch in Berlin?
How many representatives are on the Senate of the legislative branch in Berlin?
[ "How many representatives are on the Senate of the legislative branch in Berlin?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102098
5a516c74ce860b001aa3fda3
States_of_Germany
The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bavaria had a bicameral parliament, with a popularly elected Landtag, and a Senate made up of representatives of the state's major social and economic groups. The Senate was abolished following a referendum in 1998. The states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg are governed slightly differently from the other states. In each of those cities, the executive branch consists of a Senate of approximately eight, selected by the state's parliament; the senators carry out duties equivalent to those of the ministers in the larger states. The equivalent of the Minister-President is the Senatspräsident (President of the Senate) in Bremen, the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) in Hamburg, and the Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) in Berlin. The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft. The parliaments in the remaining 13 states are referred to as Landtag (State Parliament).
What common name are the ministers in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?
What common name are the ministers in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?
[ "What common name are the ministers in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102099
57292bceaf94a219006aa155
States_of_Germany
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
What are the districts of Germany considered?
What are the districts of Germany considered?
[ "What are the districts of Germany considered?" ]
{ "text": [ "administrative districts" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }