gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-102200
|
5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3f
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?
|
525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?
|
[
" 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102201
|
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d4
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?
|
In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?
|
[
"In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102202
|
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d5
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?
|
What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?
|
[
"What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?"
] |
{
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102203
|
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d6
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
What did France start transmissions with in 1949?
|
What did France start transmissions with in 1949?
|
[
"What did France start transmissions with in 1949?"
] |
{
"text": [
"an 819 lines system"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102204
|
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d7
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
Was France's 819 line system in color?
|
Was France's 819 line system in color?
|
[
"Was France's 819 line system in color?"
] |
{
"text": [
"monochrome only"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102205
|
56f9df829b226e1400dd15d8
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
When was France's 819 line system discontinued?
|
When was France's 819 line system discontinued?
|
[
"When was France's 819 line system discontinued?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102206
|
5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb57
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
In what year did England start transmissions using and 819 line system?
|
In what year did England start transmissions using and 819 line system?
|
[
"In what year did England start transmissions using and 819 line system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102207
|
5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb58
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?
|
What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?
|
[
"What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102208
|
5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb59
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
What did France start transmissions with in 1939?
|
What did France start transmissions with in 1939?
|
[
" What did France start transmissions with in 1939?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102209
|
5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb5a
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
Was Englands 819 line system in color?
|
Was Englands 819 line system in color?
|
[
" Was Englands 819 line system in color?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102210
|
5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb5b
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
|
When was France's 811 line system discontinued?
|
When was France's 811 line system discontinued?
|
[
" When was France's 811 line system discontinued?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102211
|
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15de
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?
|
In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?
|
[
"In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a research project"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102212
|
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15df
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?
|
When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?
|
[
"When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102213
|
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e0
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
Who developed Transformator in 1958?
|
Who developed Transformator in 1958?
|
[
"Who developed Transformator in 1958?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102214
|
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e1
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?
|
How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?
|
[
"How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1,125"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102215
|
56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15e2
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
What was the goal of the Transformator system?
|
What was the goal of the Transformator system?
|
[
"What was the goal of the Transformator system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"providing teleconferencing for military command"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102216
|
5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb61
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?
|
In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?
|
[
"In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102217
|
5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb62
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
When did the Soviet Union not develop Transformator?
|
When did the Soviet Union not develop Transformator?
|
[
" When did the Soviet Union not develop Transformator?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102218
|
5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb63
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
Who developed Transformator in 1988?
|
Who developed Transformator in 1988?
|
[
" Who developed Transformator in 1988?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102219
|
5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb64
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator never system have?
|
How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator never system have?
|
[
" How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator never system have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102220
|
5ad3aaea604f3c001a3feb65
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.
|
What was the goal of the non-Transformator system?
|
What was the goal of the non-Transformator system?
|
[
" What was the goal of the non-Transformator system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102221
|
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b37
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
[
"In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102222
|
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b38
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
[
"Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Japanese state broadcaster NHK"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102223
|
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b39
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?
|
When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?
|
[
"When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102224
|
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3a
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?
|
When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?
|
[
"When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?"
] |
{
"text": [
"November 25, 1994"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102225
|
56f9e38a9e9bad19000a0b3b
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?
|
When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?
|
[
"When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102226
|
5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb97
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
In what year did NHK first develop consumer SD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
In what year did NHK first develop consumer SD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
|
[
"In what year did NHK first develop consumer SD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102227
|
5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb98
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?
|
Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?
|
[
"Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102228
|
5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb99
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did satellite test broadcasts of lo-Vision start?
|
When did satellite test broadcasts of lo-Vision start?
|
[
" When did satellite test broadcasts of lo-Vision start?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102229
|
5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb9a
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did regular broadcasting of BS-8ch start?
|
When did regular broadcasting of BS-8ch start?
|
[
" When did regular broadcasting of BS-8ch start?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102230
|
5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb9b
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
|
When did regular testing of Lo-Vision start?
|
When did regular testing of Lo-Vision start?
|
[
" When did regular testing of Lo-Vision start?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102231
|
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b41
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?
|
When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?
|
[
"When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1981"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102232
|
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b42
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?
|
What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?
|
[
"What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981?"
] |
{
"text": [
"5:3"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102233
|
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b43
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US?
|
Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US?
|
[
"Which president declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce HDTV to the US?"
] |
{
"text": [
"President Ronald Reagan"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102234
|
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b44
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?
|
Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?
|
[
"Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981?"
] |
{
"text": [
"MUSE"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102235
|
56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b45
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?
|
Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?
|
[
"Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan?"
] |
{
"text": [
"MUSE"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102236
|
5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febab
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the UK first?
|
When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the UK first?
|
[
" When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the UK first?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102237
|
5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febac
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1988?
|
What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1988?
|
[
"What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1988?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102238
|
5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febad
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce SDTV to the US?
|
Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce SDTV to the US?
|
[
"Which president declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce SDTV to the US?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102239
|
5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febae
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which system was demonstrated in the UK for the first time in 1981?
|
Which system was demonstrated in the UK for the first time in 1981?
|
[
"Which system was demonstrated in the UK for the first time in 1981?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102240
|
5ad3ac19604f3c001a3febaf
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.
|
Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Bush?
|
Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Bush?
|
[
"Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Bush?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102241
|
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f2
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?
|
Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?
|
[
"Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?"
] |
{
"text": [
"their higher bandwidth requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102242
|
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f3
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?
|
What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?
|
[
"What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?"
] |
{
"text": [
"television channels"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102243
|
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f4
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?
|
Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?
|
[
"Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the FCC"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102244
|
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f5
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?
|
What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?
|
[
"What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [
"had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102245
|
56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f6
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What was the existing system at the time?
|
What was the existing system at the time?
|
[
"What was the existing system at the time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"NTSC"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102246
|
5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb5
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
Why did the ECC reject systems such as MUSE?
|
Why did the ECC reject systems such as MUSE?
|
[
"Why did the ECC reject systems such as MUSE?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102247
|
5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb6
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What was decreasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?
|
What was decreasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?
|
[
" What was decreasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102248
|
5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb7
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?
|
Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?
|
[
"Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102249
|
5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb8
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What was one of the requirements for an old standard system in the US?
|
What was one of the requirements for an old standard system in the US?
|
[
"What was one of the requirements for an old standard system in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102250
|
5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb9
|
High-definition_television
|
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
|
What wasn't the existing system at the time?
|
What wasn't the existing system at the time?
|
[
" What wasn't the existing system at the time?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102251
|
56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fc
|
High-definition_television
|
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
|
What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
|
What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
|
[
"What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?"
] |
{
"text": [
"technical and economic"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102252
|
56f9e7ab9b226e1400dd15fd
|
High-definition_television
|
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
|
What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
|
What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
|
[
"What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?"
] |
{
"text": [
"use bandwidths greater than normal television"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102253
|
5ad3ac5e604f3c001a3febbf
|
High-definition_television
|
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
|
What constraints kept SDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
|
What constraints kept SDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
|
[
"What constraints kept SDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102254
|
5ad3ac5e604f3c001a3febc0
|
High-definition_television
|
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
|
What was SDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
|
What was SDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
|
[
" What was SDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102255
|
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffdf
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
|
How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
|
[
"How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?"
] |
{
"text": [
"over four times"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102256
|
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe0
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?
|
Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?
|
[
"Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [
"about twice"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102257
|
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe1
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?
|
Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?
|
[
"Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?"
] |
{
"text": [
"by satellite"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102258
|
56f9e9128f12f3190062ffe2
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?
|
What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?
|
[
"What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Early HDTV commercial experiments"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102259
|
5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc3
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
|
How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
|
[
"How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102260
|
5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc4
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?
|
Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?
|
[
"Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102261
|
5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc5
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?
|
Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?
|
[
"Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102262
|
5ad3ac8b604f3c001a3febc6
|
High-definition_television
|
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
|
What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?
|
What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?
|
[
"What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102263
|
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff1
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?
|
How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?
|
[
"How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?"
] |
{
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102264
|
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff2
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?
|
Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?
|
[
"Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102265
|
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff3
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?
|
What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?
|
[
"What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [
"recording and reproducing an HDTV signal"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102266
|
56f9eaae8f12f3190062fff4
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?
|
What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?
|
[
"What accomplishment in early HDTV did Japan have?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102267
|
5ad3b065604f3c001a3fec9f
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a multi channel?
|
How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a multi channel?
|
[
" How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a multi channel?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102268
|
5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca0
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
Which country had successful public analog SDTV broadcasting?
|
Which country had successful public analog SDTV broadcasting?
|
[
" Which country had successful public analog SDTV broadcasting?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102269
|
5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca1
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
What was particularly challenging in the early years of SDTV?
|
What was particularly challenging in the early years of SDTV?
|
[
" What was particularly challenging in the early years of SDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102270
|
5ad3b065604f3c001a3feca2
|
High-definition_television
|
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
|
What accomplishment in early SDTV did Japan have?
|
What accomplishment in early SDTV did Japan have?
|
[
"What accomplishment in early SDTV did Japan have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102271
|
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fff9
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What does ITU-R stand for?
|
What does ITU-R stand for?
|
[
"What does ITU-R stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102272
|
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffa
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What does DVB stand for?
|
What does DVB stand for?
|
[
"What does DVB stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Digital Video Broadcasting"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102273
|
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffb
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What is the DVB?
|
What is the DVB?
|
[
"What is the DVB?"
] |
{
"text": [
"an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102274
|
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffc
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What is the DVB's role?
|
What is the DVB's role?
|
[
"What is the DVB's role?"
] |
{
"text": [
"develops and agrees upon specifications"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102275
|
56f9ebe18f12f3190062fffd
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
Who standardizes HDTV specifications?
|
Who standardizes HDTV specifications?
|
[
"Who standardizes HDTV specifications?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ETSI"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102276
|
5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed2d
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What does ETU-R stand for?
|
What does ETU-R stand for?
|
[
"What does ETU-R stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102277
|
5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed2f
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What is the DVD?
|
What is the DVD?
|
[
" What is the DVD?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102278
|
5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed30
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
What is the DVD's role?
|
What is the DVD's role?
|
[
"What is the DVD's role?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102279
|
5ad3b2f6604f3c001a3fed31
|
High-definition_television
|
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.
|
Who standardizes SDTV specifications?
|
Who standardizes SDTV specifications?
|
[
" Who standardizes SDTV specifications?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102280
|
56f9ed16f34c681400b0beef
|
High-definition_television
|
DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
|
What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
|
What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
|
[
"What did the Grand Alliance propose as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ATSC"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102281
|
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef0
|
High-definition_television
|
DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
|
Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?
|
Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?
|
[
"Which standard were ATSC and DVB based on?"
] |
{
"text": [
"MPEG-2"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102282
|
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef1
|
High-definition_television
|
DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
|
Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?
|
Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?
|
[
"Who created the standard for DVB-2, DVB-C, and DVB-T?"
] |
{
"text": [
"DVB"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102283
|
56f9ed16f34c681400b0bef2
|
High-definition_television
|
DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
|
Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
|
Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?
|
[
"Who proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Grand Alliance"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102284
|
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b7
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?
|
When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?
|
[
"When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102285
|
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b8
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?
|
What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?
|
[
"What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?"
] |
{
"text": [
"setting a single international HDTV standard"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102286
|
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0b9
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?
|
What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?
|
[
"What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a suitable frame/field refresh rate"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102287
|
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0ba
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?
|
What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?
|
[
"What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?"
] |
{
"text": [
"motion vectors"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102288
|
56fa6e23f34c681400b0c0bb
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?
|
How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?
|
[
"How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?"
] |
{
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102289
|
5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5d
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international DVD standard?
|
When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international DVD standard?
|
[
"When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international DVD standard?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102290
|
5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5e
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1981?
|
What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1981?
|
[
" What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1981?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102291
|
5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed5f
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What was one of the issues with setting a single DVD standard?
|
What was one of the issues with setting a single DVD standard?
|
[
"What was one of the issues with setting a single DVD standard?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102292
|
5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed60
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
What was used as a conversion between the three main frame/field rates?
|
What was used as a conversion between the three main frame/field rates?
|
[
"What was used as a conversion between the three main frame/field rates?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102293
|
5ad3b3a7604f3c001a3fed61
|
High-definition_television
|
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
|
How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1981?
|
How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1981?
|
[
"How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1981?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102294
|
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c1
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?
|
What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?
|
[
"What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?"
] |
{
"text": [
"16:9"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102295
|
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c2
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?
|
Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?
|
[
"Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the IWP11/6 working party"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102296
|
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c3
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?
|
What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?
|
[
"What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?"
] |
{
"text": [
"widescreen cinema"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102297
|
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c4
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?
|
Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?
|
[
"Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?"
] |
{
"text": [
"MBAFF"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102298
|
56fa6fd3f34c681400b0c0c5
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?
|
Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?
|
[
"Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?"
] |
{
"text": [
"5:3"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102299
|
5ad3b4db604f3c001a3fed85
|
High-definition_television
|
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
|
What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of full screen cinema?
|
What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of full screen cinema?
|
[
"What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of full screen cinema?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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