gem_id
stringlengths 20
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| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-102100
|
57292bceaf94a219006aa156
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?
|
Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?
|
[
"Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"\"rural districts\""
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102101
|
57292bceaf94a219006aa157
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
How many urban districts are in Bremen?
|
How many urban districts are in Bremen?
|
[
"How many urban districts are in Bremen?"
] |
{
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102102
|
57292bceaf94a219006aa158
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
Berlin and Hamburg are states and what else at the same time?
|
Berlin and Hamburg are states and what else at the same time?
|
[
"Berlin and Hamburg are states and what else at the same time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"urban districts"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102103
|
5a516e40ce860b001aa3fda9
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
What districts do every state, including, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen have?
|
What districts do every state, including, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen have?
|
[
"What districts do every state, including, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102104
|
5a516e40ce860b001aa3fdaa
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
What are towns and cities with districts called?
|
What are towns and cities with districts called?
|
[
"What are towns and cities with districts called?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102105
|
5a516e40ce860b001aa3fdab
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
What are Berlin and Humburg not considered to be, because they are states?
|
What are Berlin and Humburg not considered to be, because they are states?
|
[
"What are Berlin and Humburg not considered to be, because they are states?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102106
|
5a516e40ce860b001aa3fdac
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
How many rural districts are in Bremen?
|
How many rural districts are in Bremen?
|
[
"How many rural districts are in Bremen?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102107
|
5a516e40ce860b001aa3fdad
|
States_of_Germany
|
The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.
|
Every state including free states consist of what?
|
Every state including free states consist of what?
|
[
"Every state including free states consist of what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102108
|
572934ad1d04691400779163
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with what?
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with what?
|
[
"Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"one or more Kreisfreie Städte"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102109
|
572934ad1d04691400779164
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What do local associations replace?
|
What do local associations replace?
|
[
"What do local associations replace?"
] |
{
"text": [
"administrative entities at the district level"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102110
|
572934ad1d04691400779165
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What are local associations intended to implement?
|
What are local associations intended to implement?
|
[
"What are local associations intended to implement?"
] |
{
"text": [
"simplification of administration"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102111
|
572934ad1d04691400779166
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What is the association a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland typically grouped into?
|
What is the association a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland typically grouped into?
|
[
"What is the association a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland typically grouped into?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Kommunalverband besonderer Art"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102112
|
572934ad1d04691400779167
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?
|
What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?
|
[
"What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the issuing of special laws"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102113
|
5a516918ce860b001aa3fd95
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
Who created an amalgamation at the state level?
|
Who created an amalgamation at the state level?
|
[
"Who created an amalgamation at the state level?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102114
|
5a516918ce860b001aa3fd96
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What do district level associations replace?
|
What do district level associations replace?
|
[
"What do district level associations replace?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102115
|
5a516918ce860b001aa3fd97
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
Why are district level associations created?
|
Why are district level associations created?
|
[
"Why are district level associations created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102116
|
5a516918ce860b001aa3fd98
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
To who are special laws by a district issued?
|
To who are special laws by a district issued?
|
[
"To who are special laws by a district issued?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102117
|
5a516918ce860b001aa3fd99
|
States_of_Germany
|
Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.
|
What purpose is district level administration?
|
What purpose is district level administration?
|
[
"What purpose is district level administration?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102118
|
5729353d3f37b31900478101
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
Every rural district is subdivided into what?
|
Every rural district is subdivided into what?
|
[
"Every rural district is subdivided into what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"municipalities"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102119
|
5729353d3f37b31900478102
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
Every urban district is what in its own right?
|
Every urban district is what in its own right?
|
[
"Every urban district is what in its own right?"
] |
{
"text": [
"municipality"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102120
|
5729353d3f37b31900478103
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
How many municipalities are there?
|
How many municipalities are there?
|
[
"How many municipalities are there?"
] |
{
"text": [
"12,141"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102121
|
5729353d3f37b31900478104
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?
|
What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?
|
[
"What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a municipality"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102122
|
5729353d3f37b31900478105
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What are town rights called?
|
What are town rights called?
|
[
"What are town rights called?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Stadtrechte"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102123
|
5a515bcace860b001aa3fd33
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What are only rural districts divided into?
|
What are only rural districts divided into?
|
[
"What are only rural districts divided into?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102124
|
5a515bcace860b001aa3fd34
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What are urban districts not allowed to be?
|
What are urban districts not allowed to be?
|
[
"What are urban districts not allowed to be?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102125
|
5a515bcace860b001aa3fd35
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
How many districts are there in Germany?
|
How many districts are there in Germany?
|
[
"How many districts are there in Germany?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102126
|
5a515bcace860b001aa3fd36
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What rights do cities and towns give up if they are a municipality?
|
What rights do cities and towns give up if they are a municipality?
|
[
"What rights do cities and towns give up if they are a municipality?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102127
|
5a515bcace860b001aa3fd37
|
States_of_Germany
|
Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
|
What special rights does a city have nowadays along with the right to be called a city?
|
What special rights does a city have nowadays along with the right to be called a city?
|
[
"What special rights does a city have nowadays along with the right to be called a city?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102128
|
572936086aef051400154b78
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
Municipalities have how many major policy responsibilities?
|
Municipalities have how many major policy responsibilities?
|
[
"Municipalities have how many major policy responsibilities?"
] |
{
"text": [
"local governments can justify"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102129
|
572936086aef051400154b79
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
What article grants the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law.
|
What article grants the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law.
|
[
"What article grants the municipalities \"the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law."
] |
{
"text": [
"Article 28(2)"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102130
|
572936086aef051400154b7a
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
Under Article 28(2) local governments can justify what?
|
Under Article 28(2) local governments can justify what?
|
[
"Under Article 28(2) local governments can justify what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a wide range of activities"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102131
|
572936086aef051400154b7b
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure?
|
What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure?
|
[
"What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure?"
] |
{
"text": [
"development"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102132
|
5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd29
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
Who have three major policy responsibilities?
|
Who have three major policy responsibilities?
|
[
"Who have three major policy responsibilities?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102133
|
5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd2a
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
What is federal government responsible for administering?
|
What is federal government responsible for administering?
|
[
"What is federal government responsible for administering? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102134
|
5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd2b
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
Programs run by the state or federal government typically relate to what?
|
Programs run by the state or federal government typically relate to what?
|
[
"Programs run by the state or federal government typically relate to what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102135
|
5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd2c
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
Local governments are limited by which article?
|
Local governments are limited by which article?
|
[
"Local governments are limited by which article?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102136
|
5a515a21ce860b001aa3fd2d
|
States_of_Germany
|
The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates.
|
What guarantees state and federal governments their rights?
|
What guarantees state and federal governments their rights?
|
[
"What guarantees state and federal governments their rights?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102137
|
5a515839ce860b001aa3fd1f
|
States_of_Germany
|
In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum." Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled as the result of total votes was decisive). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg.
|
What was territorial revision considered in southeastern Germany?
|
What was territorial revision considered in southeastern Germany?
|
[
"What was territorial revision considered in southeastern Germany?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102138
|
5a515839ce860b001aa3fd20
|
States_of_Germany
|
In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum." Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled as the result of total votes was decisive). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg.
|
What road is the border between the French and American zones?
|
What road is the border between the French and American zones?
|
[
"What road is the border between the French and American zones?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102139
|
5a515839ce860b001aa3fd21
|
States_of_Germany
|
In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum." Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled as the result of total votes was decisive). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg.
|
Which article did not allow the division of territory comprising Baden?
|
Which article did not allow the division of territory comprising Baden?
|
[
"Which article did not allow the division of territory comprising Baden?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102140
|
5a515839ce860b001aa3fd22
|
States_of_Germany
|
In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum." Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled as the result of total votes was decisive). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg.
|
What goes into effect if an agreement under article 29 is reached?
|
What goes into effect if an agreement under article 29 is reached?
|
[
"What goes into effect if an agreement under article 29 is reached?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102141
|
5a515839ce860b001aa3fd23
|
States_of_Germany
|
In southwestern Germany, territorial revision seemed to be a top priority since the border between the French and American occupation zones was set along the Autobahn Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Ulm (today the A8). Article 118 stated "The division of the territory comprising Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern into Länder may be revised, without regard to the provisions of Article 29, by agreement between the Länder concerned. If no agreement is reached, the revision shall be effected by a federal law, which shall provide for an advisory referendum." Since no agreement was reached, a referendum was held on 9 December 1951 in four different voting districts, three of which approved the merger (South Baden refused but was overruled as the result of total votes was decisive). On 25 April 1952, the three former states merged to form Baden-Württemberg.
|
Which state did not agree, so was not included in the December 1951 referendum?
|
Which state did not agree, so was not included in the December 1951 referendum?
|
[
"Which state did not agree, so was not included in the December 1951 referendum?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102142
|
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b05
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year?
|
The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year?
|
[
"The term \"high definition\" originally described televisions systems from what year?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1936"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102143
|
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b06
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
Earlier television systems were based on what?
|
Earlier television systems were based on what?
|
[
"Earlier television systems were based on what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102144
|
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b07
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?
|
During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?
|
[
"During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [
"20th"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102145
|
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b08
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
|
In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
|
[
"In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?"
] |
{
"text": [
"21st"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102146
|
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b09
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
What is the most current HDTV system development?
|
What is the most current HDTV system development?
|
[
"What is the most current HDTV system development?"
] |
{
"text": [
"8K"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102147
|
5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fe9ff
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
What came out in 1935?
|
What came out in 1935?
|
[
"What came out in 1935?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102148
|
5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea00
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
The term "high definition" originally described vcrs from what year?
|
The term "high definition" originally described vcrs from what year?
|
[
"The term \"high definition\" originally described vcrs from what year?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102149
|
5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea01
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
Earlier television systems were not based on what?
|
Earlier television systems were not based on what?
|
[
" Earlier television systems were not based on what?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102150
|
5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea02
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true SDTV?
|
During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true SDTV?
|
[
"During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true SDTV?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102151
|
5ad3a1dc604f3c001a3fea03
|
High-definition_television
|
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
|
In what century were 10k systems introduced?
|
In what century were 10k systems introduced?
|
[
" In what century were 10k systems introduced?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102152
|
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b0f
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Who started trials in August 1936?
|
Who started trials in August 1936?
|
[
"Who started trials in August 1936?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The British high-definition TV service"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102153
|
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b10
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
When was the Baird system discontinued?
|
When was the Baird system discontinued?
|
[
"When was the Baird system discontinued?"
] |
{
"text": [
"February 1937"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102154
|
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b11
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Which country developed the 441-line system?
|
Which country developed the 441-line system?
|
[
"Which country developed the 441-line system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102155
|
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b12
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
|
What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
|
[
"What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the technical limitations of the time"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102156
|
56f9d96b9e9bad19000a0b13
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?
|
Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?
|
[
"Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?"
] |
{
"text": [
"405-line system"
],
"answer_start": [
1061
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102157
|
5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea09
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Who started trials in September 1936?
|
Who started trials in September 1936?
|
[
"Who started trials in September 1936?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102158
|
5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0a
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
When was the Baird system created?
|
When was the Baird system created?
|
[
" When was the Baird system created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102159
|
5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0b
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Which country developed the 941-line system?
|
Which country developed the 941-line system?
|
[
" Which country developed the 941-line system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102160
|
5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0c
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
What prevented France's 919-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
|
What prevented France's 919-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
|
[
"What prevented France's 919-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102161
|
5ad3a213604f3c001a3fea0d
|
High-definition_television
|
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
|
Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 940-line?
|
Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 940-line?
|
[
"Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 940-line?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102162
|
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b19
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
What year did color broadcasts start in the US?
|
What year did color broadcasts start in the US?
|
[
"What year did color broadcasts start in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1953,"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102163
|
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1a
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953?
|
How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953?
|
[
"How many lines of resolution did the US NTSC color system have in 1953?"
] |
{
"text": [
"525"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102164
|
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1b
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
When did Europe begin color broadcasts?
|
When did Europe begin color broadcasts?
|
[
"When did Europe begin color broadcasts?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102165
|
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1c
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
The PAL and SECAM were color systems where?
|
The PAL and SECAM were color systems where?
|
[
"The PAL and SECAM were color systems where?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102166
|
56f9dacd9e9bad19000a0b1d
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?
|
How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?
|
[
"How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?"
] |
{
"text": [
"625"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102167
|
5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb0f
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
What year did black and white broadcasts start in the US?
|
What year did black and white broadcasts start in the US?
|
[
"What year did black and white broadcasts start in the US?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102168
|
5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb10
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
How many lines of resolution did the UK NTSC color system have in 1953?
|
How many lines of resolution did the UK NTSC color system have in 1953?
|
[
"How many lines of resolution did the UK NTSC color system have in 1953?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102169
|
5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb11
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
When did Asia begin color broadcasts?
|
When did Asia begin color broadcasts?
|
[
" When did Asia begin color broadcasts?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102170
|
5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb12
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
The PAL and SECAM were black and white systems where?
|
The PAL and SECAM were black and white systems where?
|
[
" The PAL and SECAM were black and white systems where?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102171
|
5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb13
|
High-definition_television
|
Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
|
How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts?
|
How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts?
|
[
"How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102172
|
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ca
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?
|
What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?
|
[
"What is the Japan Broadcasting Corporation called?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102173
|
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cb
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What does NHK stand for in Japan?
|
What does NHK stand for in Japan?
|
[
"What does NHK stand for in Japan?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102174
|
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cc
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What year was NHK Color created?
|
What year was NHK Color created?
|
[
"What year was NHK Color created?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1972"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102175
|
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15cd
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?
|
What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?
|
[
"What was the aspect ratio of the NHK Color?"
] |
{
"text": [
"5:3"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102176
|
56f9dbea9b226e1400dd15ce
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology?
|
What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology?
|
[
"What organization became the authority on testing and studying international HDTV technology? "
] |
{
"text": [
"The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102177
|
5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb19
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called?
|
What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called?
|
[
" What is the Chinese Broadcasting Corporation called?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102178
|
5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1a
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What does NHK stand for in China?
|
What does NHK stand for in China?
|
[
" What does NHK stand for in China?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102179
|
5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1b
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What year was NHK Black and White created?
|
What year was NHK Black and White created?
|
[
" What year was NHK Black and White created?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102180
|
5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1c
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What was the aspect ratio of the NHK black and white?
|
What was the aspect ratio of the NHK black and white?
|
[
" What was the aspect ratio of the NHK black and white?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102181
|
5ad3a985604f3c001a3feb1d
|
High-definition_television
|
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
|
What organization became the authority on testing and studying international SDTV technology?
|
What organization became the authority on testing and studying international SDTV technology?
|
[
"What organization became the authority on testing and studying international SDTV technology?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102182
|
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b23
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
|
How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
|
[
"How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?"
] |
{
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102183
|
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b24
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
|
Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
|
[
"Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?"
] |
{
"text": [
"SMPTE"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102184
|
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b25
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?
|
Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?
|
[
"Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?"
] |
{
"text": [
"an SMPTE study group"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102185
|
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b26
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?
|
In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?
|
[
"In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102186
|
56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b27
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?
|
What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?
|
[
"What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?"
] |
{
"text": [
"A Study of High Definition Television Systems"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102187
|
5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb31
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
How many major SDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
|
How many major SDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
|
[
"How many major SDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102188
|
5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb32
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
|
Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
|
[
"Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102189
|
5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb33
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
Who released A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems?
|
Who released A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems?
|
[
" Who released A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102190
|
5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb34
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
In what year was A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems released?
|
In what year was A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems released?
|
[
"In what year was A Study of Standard Definition Television Systems released?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102191
|
5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb35
|
High-definition_television
|
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
|
What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1989?
|
What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1989?
|
[
" What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1989?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102192
|
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2e
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
|
When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
|
[
"When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?"
] |
{
"text": [
"early 2000s"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102193
|
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b2f
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
[
"In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"SECAM systems"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102194
|
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b30
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
[
"In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"PAL-M"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102195
|
56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b31
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?
|
525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?
|
[
"525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"standard definition television systems"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102196
|
5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3b
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
What does DVD stand for?
|
What does DVD stand for?
|
[
"What does DVD stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102197
|
5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3c
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
When was widescreen SDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
|
When was widescreen SDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
|
[
"When was widescreen SDTV transmission modes formally adopted?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102198
|
5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3d
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what Asian system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what Asian system is considered a standard definition television system?
|
[
"In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what Asian system is considered a standard definition television system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-102199
|
5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3e
|
High-definition_television
|
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
|
In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a high definition television system?
|
In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a high definition television system?
|
[
"In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a high definition television system?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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