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| references
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-104000
|
570b93a36b8089140040f9ac
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What is another term for infrared homing?
|
What is another term for infrared homing?
|
[
"What is another term for infrared homing?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Infrared tracking"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104001
|
570b93a36b8089140040f9ad
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What devices make use of infrared homing?
|
What devices make use of infrared homing?
|
[
"What devices make use of infrared homing?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Missiles"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104002
|
570b93a36b8089140040f9ae
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?
|
What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?
|
[
"What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?"
] |
{
"text": [
"heat-seekers"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104003
|
570b93a36b8089140040f9af
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
Along with aircraft and people, what objects notably create and retain heat?
|
Along with aircraft and people, what objects notably create and retain heat?
|
[
"Along with aircraft and people, what objects notably create and retain heat?"
] |
{
"text": [
"vehicle engines"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104004
|
570b93a36b8089140040f9b0
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What does IR stand for?
|
What does IR stand for?
|
[
"What does IR stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104005
|
5a07e4543fc874001820702d
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What is another term for heat seekers?
|
What is another term for heat seekers?
|
[
"What is another term for heat seekers?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104006
|
5a07e4543fc874001820702e
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
Besides vehicle engines and people what other objects create and retain heat?
|
Besides vehicle engines and people what other objects create and retain heat?
|
[
"Besides vehicle engines and people what other objects create and retain heat?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104007
|
5a07e4543fc874001820702f
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What term means to generate heat and is especially visible in infrared wavelengths of light?
|
What term means to generate heat and is especially visible in infrared wavelengths of light?
|
[
"What term means to generate heat and is especially visible in infrared wavelengths of light?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104008
|
5a07e4543fc8740018207030
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What is the term that uses the infrared spectrum that is radiated by hot bodies?
|
What is the term that uses the infrared spectrum that is radiated by hot bodies?
|
[
"What is the term that uses the infrared spectrum that is radiated by hot bodies?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104009
|
5a07e4543fc8740018207031
|
Infrared
|
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just below the visible spectrum of light in frequency and is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines, and aircraft generate and retain heat, and as such, are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to objects in the background.
|
What term describes the spectrum of light that is part of the visible spectrum?
|
What term describes the spectrum of light that is part of the visible spectrum?
|
[
"What term describes the spectrum of light that is part of the visible spectrum?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104010
|
570b9ec26b8089140040f9b6
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?
|
Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?
|
[
"Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Cumulonimbus"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104011
|
570b9ec26b8089140040f9b7
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?
|
What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?
|
[
"What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?"
] |
{
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104012
|
570b9ec26b8089140040f9b8
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?
|
Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?
|
[
"Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Stratocumulus"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104013
|
570b9ec26b8089140040f9b9
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?
|
What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?
|
[
"What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?"
] |
{
"text": [
"grey"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104014
|
570b9ec26b8089140040f9ba
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?
|
What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?
|
[
"What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1.58–1.64"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104015
|
5a07f1fa3fc8740018207099
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?
|
Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?
|
[
"Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104016
|
5a07f1fa3fc874001820709a
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?
|
What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?
|
[
"What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104017
|
5a07f1fa3fc874001820709b
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?
|
What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?
|
[
"What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104018
|
5a07f1fa3fc874001820709c
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?
|
What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?
|
[
"What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104019
|
5a07f1fa3fc874001820709d
|
Infrared
|
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.
|
What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?
|
What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?
|
[
"What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104020
|
570b9fa36b8089140040f9c0
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?
|
What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?
|
[
"What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?"
] |
{
"text": [
"water vapor in the atmosphere"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104021
|
570b9fa36b8089140040f9c1
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?
|
To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?
|
[
"To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?"
] |
{
"text": [
"at a high altitude"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104022
|
570b9fa36b8089140040f9c2
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?
|
Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?
|
[
"Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?"
] |
{
"text": [
"balloon"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104023
|
570b9fa36b8089140040f9c3
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?
|
What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?
|
[
"What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Space telescopes"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104024
|
5a07f52b3fc87400182070ad
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What limits the sensitivity of high altitude observatories?
|
What limits the sensitivity of high altitude observatories?
|
[
"What limits the sensitivity of high altitude observatories?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104025
|
5a07f52b3fc87400182070ae
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?
|
What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?
|
[
"What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104026
|
5a07f52b3fc87400182070af
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What kind of telescopes avoid absorbing infrared radiation?
|
What kind of telescopes avoid absorbing infrared radiation?
|
[
"What kind of telescopes avoid absorbing infrared radiation?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104027
|
5a07f52b3fc87400182070b0
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
Where can you place an observatory to avoid the atmospheric window?
|
Where can you place an observatory to avoid the atmospheric window?
|
[
"Where can you place an observatory to avoid the atmospheric window?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104028
|
5a07f52b3fc87400182070b1
|
Infrared
|
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.
|
What absorbs infrared radiation from space away from high altitude?
|
What absorbs infrared radiation from space away from high altitude?
|
[
"What absorbs infrared radiation from space away from high altitude?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104029
|
570ba092ec8fbc190045ba86
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
What is the nearest wavelength to the radiation that a human eye can see?
|
What is the nearest wavelength to the radiation that a human eye can see?
|
[
"What is the nearest wavelength to the radiation that a human eye can see?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Near-infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104030
|
570ba092ec8fbc190045ba87
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define near-infrared?
|
Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define near-infrared?
|
[
"Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define near-infrared?"
] |
{
"text": [
"water absorption"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104031
|
570ba092ec8fbc190045ba88
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
In micrometers, when do common silicon detectors cease to be sensitive?
|
In micrometers, when do common silicon detectors cease to be sensitive?
|
[
"In micrometers, when do common silicon detectors cease to be sensitive?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1,050"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104032
|
570ba092ec8fbc190045ba89
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
What is the lowest level of sensitivity, in micrometers, for InGaAs?
|
What is the lowest level of sensitivity, in micrometers, for InGaAs?
|
[
"What is the lowest level of sensitivity, in micrometers, for InGaAs?"
] |
{
"text": [
"950"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104033
|
5a07c1ec0ff9ab00181693b6
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
What is the lowest international standard in micrometers for InGaAs?
|
What is the lowest international standard in micrometers for InGaAs?
|
[
"What is the lowest international standard in micrometers for InGaAs?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104034
|
5a07c1ec0ff9ab00181693b7
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
What is the nearest emission peak visible to the human eye?
|
What is the nearest emission peak visible to the human eye?
|
[
"What is the nearest emission peak visible to the human eye?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104035
|
5a07c1ec0ff9ab00181693b8
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define common silicon detectors?
|
Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define common silicon detectors?
|
[
"Along with the emission peaks and vs. bands mechanisms, what other physical mechanism is used to define common silicon detectors?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104036
|
5a07c1ec0ff9ab00181693b9
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
What InGaAs is progressively further from the visible spectrum for the human eye?
|
What InGaAs is progressively further from the visible spectrum for the human eye?
|
[
"What InGaAs is progressively further from the visible spectrum for the human eye?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104037
|
5a07c1ec0ff9ab00181693ba
|
Infrared
|
Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). Unfortunately, international standards for these specifications are not currently available.
|
At what measurement do different physical mechanisms cease to be sensitive?
|
At what measurement do different physical mechanisms cease to be sensitive?
|
[
"At what measurement do different physical mechanisms cease to be sensitive?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104038
|
570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba8e
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?
|
What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?
|
[
"What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Heat"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104039
|
570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba8f
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?
|
What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?
|
[
"What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?"
] |
{
"text": [
"thermal radiation"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104040
|
570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba90
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?
|
What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?
|
[
"What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the solar corona"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104041
|
570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba91
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?
|
The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?
|
[
"The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?"
] |
{
"text": [
"infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104042
|
5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d2
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
How does heat propagate through a vaccuum?
|
How does heat propagate through a vaccuum?
|
[
"How does heat propagate through a vaccuum?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104043
|
5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d3
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What object emits heat in the x-ray spectrum?
|
What object emits heat in the x-ray spectrum?
|
[
"What object emits heat in the x-ray spectrum?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104044
|
5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d4
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
How is heat associated with emission from an object?
|
How is heat associated with emission from an object?
|
[
"How is heat associated with emission from an object?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104045
|
5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d5
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What spectra is heat extended into?
|
What spectra is heat extended into?
|
[
"What spectra is heat extended into?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104046
|
5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d6
|
Infrared
|
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.
|
What is the association of heat with thermal radiation?
|
What is the association of heat with thermal radiation?
|
[
"What is the association of heat with thermal radiation?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104047
|
570ba229ec8fbc190045ba96
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum in micrometers?
|
What is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum in micrometers?
|
[
"What is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum in micrometers?"
] |
{
"text": [
"0.9–14"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104048
|
570ba229ec8fbc190045ba97
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?
|
In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?
|
[
"In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?"
] |
{
"text": [
"900–14,000"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104049
|
570ba229ec8fbc190045ba98
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?
|
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?
|
[
"What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the black body radiation law"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104050
|
570ba229ec8fbc190045ba99
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What happens to the amount of radiation an object emits as temperature increases?
|
What happens to the amount of radiation an object emits as temperature increases?
|
[
"What happens to the amount of radiation an object emits as temperature increases?"
] |
{
"text": [
"increases"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104051
|
570ba229ec8fbc190045ba9a
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What type of cameras see infrared radiation?
|
What type of cameras see infrared radiation?
|
[
"What type of cameras see infrared radiation?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Thermographic"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104052
|
5a07d87b3fc8740018207019
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What camera detects temperature in the infrared range?
|
What camera detects temperature in the infrared range?
|
[
"What camera detects temperature in the infrared range?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104053
|
5a07d87b3fc874001820701a
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on environment?
|
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on environment?
|
[
"What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on environment?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104054
|
5a07d87b3fc874001820701b
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
When an object has visible illumination, what happens to the amount of radiation an object emits?
|
When an object has visible illumination, what happens to the amount of radiation an object emits?
|
[
"When an object has visible illumination, what happens to the amount of radiation an object emits?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104055
|
5a07d87b3fc874001820701c
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What is the range of the black body radiation law?
|
What is the range of the black body radiation law?
|
[
"What is the range of the black body radiation law?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104056
|
5a07d87b3fc874001820701d
|
Infrared
|
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).
|
What is the nanometer range that allows you to see temperature variations?
|
What is the nanometer range that allows you to see temperature variations?
|
[
"What is the nanometer range that allows you to see temperature variations?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104057
|
570ba2b3ec8fbc190045baa0
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What irradiates clouds of gas in the galaxy and makes them glow?
|
What irradiates clouds of gas in the galaxy and makes them glow?
|
[
"What irradiates clouds of gas in the galaxy and makes them glow?"
] |
{
"text": [
"imbedded stars"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104058
|
570ba2b3ec8fbc190045baa1
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light?
|
What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light?
|
[
"What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [
"protostars"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104059
|
570ba2b3ec8fbc190045baa2
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What objects emit less of their energy as infrared light versus visible light?
|
What objects emit less of their energy as infrared light versus visible light?
|
[
"What objects emit less of their energy as infrared light versus visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Stars"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104060
|
5a07f8453fc87400182070cb
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What glows with heat and shows visible light?
|
What glows with heat and shows visible light?
|
[
"What glows with heat and shows visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104061
|
5a07f8453fc87400182070cc
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool?
|
What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool?
|
[
"What can be used to detect protostars when they are cool?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104062
|
5a07f8453fc87400182070cd
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What spectrum benefits stars?
|
What spectrum benefits stars?
|
[
"What spectrum benefits stars?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104063
|
5a07f8453fc87400182070ce
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What heats clouds of gas and makes them readily detected?
|
What heats clouds of gas and makes them readily detected?
|
[
"What heats clouds of gas and makes them readily detected?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104064
|
5a07f8453fc87400182070cf
|
Infrared
|
The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller portion of their energy in the infrared spectrum, so nearby cool objects such as planets can be more readily detected. (In the visible light spectrum, the glare from the star will drown out the reflected light from a planet.)
|
What do stars emit a smaller portion of in our galaxy?
|
What do stars emit a smaller portion of in our galaxy?
|
[
"What do stars emit a smaller portion of in our galaxy?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104065
|
570ba2ff6b8089140040f9c8
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What sort of equipment uses the infrared spectrum in the absence of sufficient visible light?
|
What sort of equipment uses the infrared spectrum in the absence of sufficient visible light?
|
[
"What sort of equipment uses the infrared spectrum in the absence of sufficient visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [
"night vision"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104066
|
570ba2ff6b8089140040f9c9
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What do night vision devices convert ambient light photons into?
|
What do night vision devices convert ambient light photons into?
|
[
"What do night vision devices convert ambient light photons into?"
] |
{
"text": [
"electrons"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104067
|
570ba2ff6b8089140040f9ca
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
Along with a chemical process, what type of process is used by night vision devices to convert infrared into visible light?
|
Along with a chemical process, what type of process is used by night vision devices to convert infrared into visible light?
|
[
"Along with a chemical process, what type of process is used by night vision devices to convert infrared into visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [
"electrical"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104068
|
5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e6
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What equipment uses the infrared spectrum with visible light?
|
What equipment uses the infrared spectrum with visible light?
|
[
"What equipment uses the infrared spectrum with visible light?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104069
|
5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e7
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What do night vision devices convert electrons into?
|
What do night vision devices convert electrons into?
|
[
"What do night vision devices convert electrons into?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104070
|
5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e8
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
By what process do night vision devices convert infrared into photons?
|
By what process do night vision devices convert infrared into photons?
|
[
"By what process do night vision devices convert infrared into photons?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104071
|
5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e9
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light?
|
What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light?
|
[
"What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104072
|
5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693ea
|
Infrared
|
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.
|
What does a visible light source increase for a night vision device?
|
What does a visible light source increase for a night vision device?
|
[
"What does a visible light source increase for a night vision device?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104073
|
570baa0f6b8089140040f9ce
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What is the IrDA?
|
What is the IrDA?
|
[
"What is the IrDA?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Infrared Data Association"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104074
|
570baa0f6b8089140040f9cf
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What does the acronym LEDs stand for?
|
What does the acronym LEDs stand for?
|
[
"What does the acronym LEDs stand for?"
] |
{
"text": [
"light-emitting diodes"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104075
|
570baa0f6b8089140040f9d0
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What is a term for when something is switched on and off?
|
What is a term for when something is switched on and off?
|
[
"What is a term for when something is switched on and off?"
] |
{
"text": [
"modulated"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104076
|
570baa0f6b8089140040f9d1
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?
|
What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?
|
[
"What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?"
] |
{
"text": [
"silicon photodiode"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104077
|
570baa0f6b8089140040f9d2
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms?
|
Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms?
|
[
"Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms?"
] |
{
"text": [
"IR does not penetrate walls"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104078
|
5a07ea473fc874001820704b
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What term means filtering out slowly to change infrared radiation from ambient light?
|
What term means filtering out slowly to change infrared radiation from ambient light?
|
[
"What term means filtering out slowly to change infrared radiation from ambient light?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104079
|
5a07ea473fc874001820704c
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What device changes infrared radiation to standards published by the Ir DA?
|
What device changes infrared radiation to standards published by the Ir DA?
|
[
"What device changes infrared radiation to standards published by the Ir DA?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104080
|
5a07ea473fc874001820704d
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What devices use IR data transmission in short range communication to command appliances?
|
What devices use IR data transmission in short range communication to command appliances?
|
[
"What devices use IR data transmission in short range communication to command appliances?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104081
|
5a07ea473fc874001820704e
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
Name the devices that use IrDA to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam.
|
Name the devices that use IrDA to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam.
|
[
"Name the devices that use IrDA to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104082
|
5a07ea473fc874001820704f
|
Infrared
|
IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.
|
What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density?
|
What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density?
|
[
"What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104083
|
570baaabec8fbc190045baa6
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What letter represents the index of refraction?
|
What letter represents the index of refraction?
|
[
"What letter represents the index of refraction?"
] |
{
"text": [
"n"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104084
|
570baaabec8fbc190045baa7
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?
|
What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?
|
[
"What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?"
] |
{
"text": [
"k"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104085
|
570baaabec8fbc190045baa8
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What equations are used to figure out the index of refraction and extinction Coefficient?
|
What equations are used to figure out the index of refraction and extinction Coefficient?
|
[
"What equations are used to figure out the index of refraction and extinction Coefficient?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104086
|
570baaabec8fbc190045baa9
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
Along with critical dimension and depth, what can the infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to high aspect ratio trench structures?
|
Along with critical dimension and depth, what can the infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to high aspect ratio trench structures?
|
[
"Along with critical dimension and depth, what can the infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to high aspect ratio trench structures?"
] |
{
"text": [
"sidewall angle"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104087
|
570baaabec8fbc190045baaa
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What reflectance is measured from a semiconductor wafer's surface to determine the index of refraction?
|
What reflectance is measured from a semiconductor wafer's surface to determine the index of refraction?
|
[
"What reflectance is measured from a semiconductor wafer's surface to determine the index of refraction?"
] |
{
"text": [
"light"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104088
|
5a07ee703fc874001820707d
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What industry can use infrared light to characterize the extinction Coefficient?
|
What industry can use infrared light to characterize the extinction Coefficient?
|
[
"What industry can use infrared light to characterize the extinction Coefficient?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104089
|
5a07ee703fc874001820707e
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension?
|
What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension?
|
[
"What reflectance is measured from the surface of a critical dimension?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104090
|
5a07ee703fc874001820707f
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
What letter represents trench structures?
|
What letter represents trench structures?
|
[
"What letter represents trench structures?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104091
|
5a07ee703fc8740018207080
|
Infrared
|
In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations. The reflectance from the infrared light can also be used to determine the critical dimension, depth, and sidewall angle of high aspect ratio trench structures.
|
Along with critical dimension and depth, what can infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to index of refraction?
|
Along with critical dimension and depth, what can infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to index of refraction?
|
[
"Along with critical dimension and depth, what can infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to index of refraction?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104092
|
570bab20ec8fbc190045bab0
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What is the name of the technique used in scanners to minimize the effects of dust and scratches?
|
What is the name of the technique used in scanners to minimize the effects of dust and scratches?
|
[
"What is the name of the technique used in scanners to minimize the effects of dust and scratches?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Infrared cleaning"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104093
|
570bab20ec8fbc190045bab1
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
Along with red and blue, what is the third visible color channel?
|
Along with red and blue, what is the third visible color channel?
|
[
"Along with red and blue, what is the third visible color channel?"
] |
{
"text": [
"green"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104094
|
570bab20ec8fbc190045bab2
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
Along with replacement via inpainting, what procedure is used in infrared cleaning to remove the effect of scratches and dust?
|
Along with replacement via inpainting, what procedure is used in infrared cleaning to remove the effect of scratches and dust?
|
[
"Along with replacement via inpainting, what procedure is used in infrared cleaning to remove the effect of scratches and dust?"
] |
{
"text": [
"scaling"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104095
|
570bab20ec8fbc190045bab3
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
Along with the visible light channels, what channel is used to locate scratches and dust in scanners?
|
Along with the visible light channels, what channel is used to locate scratches and dust in scanners?
|
[
"Along with the visible light channels, what channel is used to locate scratches and dust in scanners?"
] |
{
"text": [
"infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104096
|
5a07fa813fc87400182070df
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What cleaning technique is used to find position and resolution?
|
What cleaning technique is used to find position and resolution?
|
[
"What cleaning technique is used to find position and resolution?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104097
|
5a07fa813fc87400182070e0
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What can be corrected by scanning or scaling?
|
What can be corrected by scanning or scaling?
|
[
"What can be corrected by scanning or scaling?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104098
|
5a07fa813fc87400182070e1
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What color channels are used to detect inpainting?
|
What color channels are used to detect inpainting?
|
[
"What color channels are used to detect inpainting?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104099
|
5a07fa813fc87400182070e2
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What does infrared cleaning do to detect scaling?
|
What does infrared cleaning do to detect scaling?
|
[
"What does infrared cleaning do to detect scaling?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
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