gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-104100
|
5a07fa813fc87400182070e3
|
Infrared
|
Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.
|
What removes the effects of an additional infrared channel on the scanner?
|
What removes the effects of an additional infrared channel on the scanner?
|
[
"What removes the effects of an additional infrared channel on the scanner? "
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104101
|
570baba0ec8fbc190045bab8
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
Along with the surface of the Earth, what objects absorb radiation from the sun?
|
Along with the surface of the Earth, what objects absorb radiation from the sun?
|
[
"Along with the surface of the Earth, what objects absorb radiation from the sun?"
] |
{
"text": [
"clouds"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104102
|
570baba0ec8fbc190045bab9
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
After Earth surface's absorbs radiation, in what spectrum is much of it re-emitted?
|
After Earth surface's absorbs radiation, in what spectrum is much of it re-emitted?
|
[
"After Earth surface's absorbs radiation, in what spectrum is much of it re-emitted?"
] |
{
"text": [
"infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104103
|
570baba0ec8fbc190045baba
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
Along with water vapor, what atmospheric substance primarily absorbs the infrared emitted by the Earth?
|
Along with water vapor, what atmospheric substance primarily absorbs the infrared emitted by the Earth?
|
[
"Along with water vapor, what atmospheric substance primarily absorbs the infrared emitted by the Earth?"
] |
{
"text": [
"cloud droplets"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104104
|
570baba0ec8fbc190045babb
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
What notable warming effect does the presence of infrared absorbers contribute to?
|
What notable warming effect does the presence of infrared absorbers contribute to?
|
[
"What notable warming effect does the presence of infrared absorbers contribute to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"greenhouse"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104105
|
5a0803c33fc8740018207111
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
What does the greenhouse effect absorb from the sun?
|
What does the greenhouse effect absorb from the sun?
|
[
"What does the greenhouse effect absorb from the sun?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104106
|
5a0803c33fc8740018207112
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
After Earth absorbs methane, in what spectrum is it re-emitted?
|
After Earth absorbs methane, in what spectrum is it re-emitted?
|
[
"After Earth absorbs methane, in what spectrum is it re-emitted?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104107
|
5a0803c33fc8740018207113
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
What substances absorb the sulfur hexafluoride emitted by the Earth?
|
What substances absorb the sulfur hexafluoride emitted by the Earth?
|
[
"What substances absorb the sulfur hexafluoride emitted by the Earth?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104108
|
5a0803c33fc8740018207114
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
What keeps the atmosphere and surface re-radiated?
|
What keeps the atmosphere and surface re-radiated?
|
[
"What keeps the atmosphere and surface re-radiated?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104109
|
5a0803c33fc8740018207115
|
Infrared
|
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth. Thus, the greenhouse effect keeps the atmosphere and surface much warmer than if the infrared absorbers were absent from the atmosphere.
|
What substances emit water vapor back to the atmosphere?
|
What substances emit water vapor back to the atmosphere?
|
[
"What substances emit water vapor back to the atmosphere?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104110
|
57289b78ff5b5019007da330
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What country did the mandolin originate from?
|
What country did the mandolin originate from?
|
[
"What country did the mandolin originate from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104111
|
57289b78ff5b5019007da331
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What does mandolin translate to?
|
What does mandolin translate to?
|
[
"What does mandolin translate to? "
] |
{
"text": [
"small mandola"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104112
|
57289b78ff5b5019007da332
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What musical family does the mandolin come from?
|
What musical family does the mandolin come from?
|
[
"What musical family does the mandolin come from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"lute family"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104113
|
57289b78ff5b5019007da333
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
How is the mandolin usually played?
|
How is the mandolin usually played?
|
[
"How is the mandolin usually played?"
] |
{
"text": [
"usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\""
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104114
|
57289b78ff5b5019007da334
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?
|
How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?
|
[
"How many courses does a mandolin commonly have? "
] |
{
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104115
|
5ad16ce1645df0001a2d1abe
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What is the Italian word for mandolino?
|
What is the Italian word for mandolino?
|
[
"What is the Italian word for mandolino?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104116
|
5ad16ce1645df0001a2d1abf
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What family is the lute in?
|
What family is the lute in?
|
[
"What family is the lute in?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104117
|
5ad16ce1645df0001a2d1ac0
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What else does the family include in addition to the lute and mandolin?
|
What else does the family include in addition to the lute and mandolin?
|
[
"What else does the family include in addition to the lute and mandolin?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104118
|
5ad16ce1645df0001a2d1ac1
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What material is the lute's strings made of?
|
What material is the lute's strings made of?
|
[
"What material is the lute's strings made of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104119
|
5ad20b3bd7d075001a428236
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What city did the mandolin originate from?
|
What city did the mandolin originate from?
|
[
"What city did the mandolin originate from?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104120
|
5ad20b3bd7d075001a428237
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What does mandoleen translate to?
|
What does mandoleen translate to?
|
[
"What does mandoleen translate to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104121
|
5ad20b3bd7d075001a428238
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
What musical sister does the mandolin have?
|
What musical sister does the mandolin have?
|
[
" What musical sister does the mandolin have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104122
|
5ad20b3bd7d075001a428239
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
How is the mandolin not usually played?
|
How is the mandolin not usually played?
|
[
" How is the mandolin not usually played?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104123
|
5ad20b3bd7d075001a42823a
|
Mandolin
|
A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.
|
How many courses does a mandolin not commonly have?
|
How many courses does a mandolin not commonly have?
|
[
" How many courses does a mandolin not commonly have?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104124
|
57289c363acd2414000dfb57
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What are the four common styles of mandolins?
|
What are the four common styles of mandolins?
|
[
"What are the four common styles of mandolins?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin."
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104125
|
57289c363acd2414000dfb58
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What is the round-back mandolin made of?
|
What is the round-back mandolin made of?
|
[
"What is the round-back mandolin made of? "
] |
{
"text": [
"strips of wood, glued together into a bowl"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104126
|
57289c363acd2414000dfb59
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which style of mandolin has a shallower, arched back, and arched top?
|
Which style of mandolin has a shallower, arched back, and arched top?
|
[
"Which style of mandolin has a shallower, arched back, and arched top?"
] |
{
"text": [
"round-back"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104127
|
57289c363acd2414000dfb5a
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins feature?
|
Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins feature?
|
[
"Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins feature? "
] |
{
"text": [
"European classical music and traditional music."
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104128
|
57289c363acd2414000dfb5b
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which mandolin is commin in American Folk music and blue grass music?
|
Which mandolin is commin in American Folk music and blue grass music?
|
[
"Which mandolin is commin in American Folk music and blue grass music?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Carved-top instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104129
|
5ad16da0645df0001a2d1aea
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What type of mandolin has a deep bottom and an arched top?
|
What type of mandolin has a deep bottom and an arched top?
|
[
"What type of mandolin has a deep bottom and an arched top?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104130
|
5ad16da0645df0001a2d1aeb
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What type of mandolin has an arched back and is braced on the side?
|
What type of mandolin has an arched back and is braced on the side?
|
[
"What type of mandolin has an arched back and is braced on the side?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104131
|
5ad16da0645df0001a2d1aec
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in?
|
What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in?
|
[
"What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104132
|
5ad16da0645df0001a2d1aed
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What type of European music are the Carved-top instruments featured in?
|
What type of European music are the Carved-top instruments featured in?
|
[
"What type of European music are the Carved-top instruments featured in?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104133
|
5ad20b93d7d075001a428240
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What are the four uncommon styles of mandolins?
|
What are the four uncommon styles of mandolins?
|
[
" What are the four uncommon styles of mandolins?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104134
|
5ad20b93d7d075001a428241
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
What is the round-front mandolin made of?
|
What is the round-front mandolin made of?
|
[
" What is the round-front mandolin made of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104135
|
5ad20b93d7d075001a428242
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which style of mandolin has a deeper, arched back, and arched top?
|
Which style of mandolin has a deeper, arched back, and arched top?
|
[
"Which style of mandolin has a deeper, arched back, and arched top?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104136
|
5ad20b93d7d075001a428243
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins not feature?
|
Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins not feature?
|
[
" Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins not feature?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104137
|
5ad20b93d7d075001a428244
|
Mandolin
|
There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.
|
Which mandolin is uncommon in American Folk music and blue grass music?
|
Which mandolin is uncommon in American Folk music and blue grass music?
|
[
"Which mandolin is uncommon in American Folk music and blue grass music?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104138
|
57289dd54b864d1900164ac8
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?
|
What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?
|
[
"What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?"
] |
{
"text": [
"soundboard (the top)"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104139
|
57289dd54b864d1900164ac9
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments?
|
Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments?
|
[
"Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments? "
] |
{
"text": [
"quiet instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104140
|
57289dd54b864d1900164aca
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What are modern mandolins' strings made of?
|
What are modern mandolins' strings made of?
|
[
"What are modern mandolins' strings made of? "
] |
{
"text": [
"four courses of metal strings,"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104141
|
57289dd54b864d1900164acb
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What is the most common soundboard shape?
|
What is the most common soundboard shape?
|
[
"What is the most common soundboard shape?"
] |
{
"text": [
"generally round or teardrop-shaped"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104142
|
57289dd54b864d1900164acc
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What are the sound holes covered with?
|
What are the sound holes covered with?
|
[
"What are the sound holes covered with? "
] |
{
"text": [
"bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling"
],
"answer_start": [
749
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104143
|
5ad16e61645df0001a2d1afc
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What is another term for the bottom of the mandolin?
|
What is another term for the bottom of the mandolin?
|
[
"What is another term for the bottom of the mandolin?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104144
|
5ad16e61645df0001a2d1afd
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What was louder than modern instruments?
|
What was louder than modern instruments?
|
[
"What was louder than modern instruments?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104145
|
5ad16e61645df0001a2d1afe
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
How are teardrop-shaped holes covered or bordered?
|
How are teardrop-shaped holes covered or bordered?
|
[
"How are teardrop-shaped holes covered or bordered?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104146
|
5ad16e61645df0001a2d1aff
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
How many courses of metal strings were pre-mandolin instruments strung with?
|
How many courses of metal strings were pre-mandolin instruments strung with?
|
[
"How many courses of metal strings were pre-mandolin instruments strung with?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104147
|
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428254
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What did most of the development of the mandolin not revolve around?
|
What did most of the development of the mandolin not revolve around?
|
[
"What did most of the development of the mandolin not revolve around?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104148
|
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428255
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments?
|
Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments?
|
[
" Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104149
|
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428256
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What are ancient mandolins' strings made of?
|
What are ancient mandolins' strings made of?
|
[
" What are ancient mandolins' strings made of?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104150
|
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428257
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?
|
What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?
|
[
" What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104151
|
5ad20bdbd7d075001a428258
|
Mandolin
|
Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.
|
What are the sound holes opened with?
|
What are the sound holes opened with?
|
[
" What are the sound holes opened with?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104152
|
57289ec83acd2414000dfb7b
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who introduced the lute to Spain?
|
Who introduced the lute to Spain?
|
[
"Who introduced the lute to Spain?"
] |
{
"text": [
"the Moors"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104153
|
57289ec83acd2414000dfb7c
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to European culture?
|
What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to European culture?
|
[
"What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to European culture? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104154
|
57289ec83acd2414000dfb7d
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who brought the lute to Sicily?
|
Who brought the lute to Sicily?
|
[
"Who brought the lute to Sicily?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104155
|
57289ec83acd2414000dfb7e
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What court held singer-lutenists after the Norman conquest?
|
What court held singer-lutenists after the Norman conquest?
|
[
"What court held singer-lutenists after the Norman conquest?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Palermo"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104156
|
57289ec83acd2414000dfb7f
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What building has ceeiling painting dedicated to the lutenists?
|
What building has ceeiling painting dedicated to the lutenists?
|
[
"What building has ceeiling painting dedicated to the lutenists? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina,"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104157
|
5ad16f83645df0001a2d1b36
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1190-1254?
|
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1190-1254?
|
[
"Who was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1190-1254?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104158
|
5ad16f83645df0001a2d1b37
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who was the Palermo's royal Capella Palatina dedicated by in 1104?
|
Who was the Palermo's royal Capella Palatina dedicated by in 1104?
|
[
"Who was the Palermo's royal Capella Palatina dedicated by in 1104?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104159
|
5ad16f83645df0001a2d1b38
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who did Spain introduce the lute to?
|
Who did Spain introduce the lute to?
|
[
"Who did Spain introduce the lute to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104160
|
5ad16f83645df0001a2d1b39
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What is another term for Moors?
|
What is another term for Moors?
|
[
"What is another term for Moors?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104161
|
5ad20c1dd7d075001a42825e
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who introduced the lute to England?
|
Who introduced the lute to England?
|
[
"Who introduced the lute to England?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104162
|
5ad20c1dd7d075001a42825f
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to Asian culture?
|
What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to Asian culture?
|
[
"What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to Asian culture?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104163
|
5ad20c1dd7d075001a428260
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
Who brought the lute to France?
|
Who brought the lute to France?
|
[
" Who brought the lute to France?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104164
|
5ad20c1dd7d075001a428261
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What court held singer-lutenists before the Norman conquest?
|
What court held singer-lutenists before the Norman conquest?
|
[
" What court held singer-lutenists before the Norman conquest?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104165
|
5ad20c1dd7d075001a428262
|
Mandolin
|
Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.
|
What store has floor painting dedicated to the lutenists?
|
What store has floor painting dedicated to the lutenists?
|
[
" What store has floor painting dedicated to the lutenists?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104166
|
57289f804b864d1900164ae2
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
What is there currently confusion over?
|
What is there currently confusion over?
|
[
"What is there currently confusion over? "
] |
{
"text": [
"eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104167
|
57289f804b864d1900164ae3
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who is said to have ran the first shop?
|
Who is said to have ran the first shop?
|
[
"Who is said to have ran the first shop? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104168
|
57289f804b864d1900164ae4
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where does the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia reside?
|
Where does the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia reside?
|
[
"Where does the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia reside?"
] |
{
"text": [
"University of Edinburgh"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104169
|
57289f804b864d1900164ae5
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?
|
Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?
|
[
"Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?"
] |
{
"text": [
"University of Edinburgh"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104170
|
57289f804b864d1900164ae6
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?
|
Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?
|
[
"Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium."
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104171
|
5ad17049645df0001a2d1b70
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who was active from 1718-1780?
|
Who was active from 1718-1780?
|
[
"Who was active from 1718-1780?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104172
|
5ad17049645df0001a2d1b71
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who was active from 1743-1769?
|
Who was active from 1743-1769?
|
[
"Who was active from 1743-1769?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104173
|
5ad17049645df0001a2d1b72
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who built an early mandolin in 1795?
|
Who built an early mandolin in 1795?
|
[
"Who built an early mandolin in 1795?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104174
|
5ad17049645df0001a2d1b73
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who built a mandolin in 1839?
|
Who built a mandolin in 1839?
|
[
"Who built a mandolin in 1839?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104175
|
5ad17049645df0001a2d1b74
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who built the earliest mandolin in 1474?
|
Who built the earliest mandolin in 1474?
|
[
"Who built the earliest mandolin in 1474?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104176
|
5ad20c87d7d075001a428268
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
What is there not currently confusion over?
|
What is there not currently confusion over?
|
[
"What is there not currently confusion over?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104177
|
5ad20c87d7d075001a428269
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Who is said to have ran the last shop?
|
Who is said to have ran the last shop?
|
[
" Who is said to have ran the last shop?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104178
|
5ad20c87d7d075001a42826a
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where was the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia destroyed?
|
Where was the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia destroyed?
|
[
" Where was the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia destroyed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104179
|
5ad20c87d7d075001a42826b
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where was the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia detroyed?
|
Where was the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia detroyed?
|
[
" Where was the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia detroyed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104180
|
5ad20c87d7d075001a42826c
|
Mandolin
|
There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
|
Where was the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia destroyed?
|
Where was the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia destroyed?
|
[
" Where was the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia destroyed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104181
|
5728a06a3acd2414000dfb8f
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
|
What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
|
[
"What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1744"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104182
|
5728a06a3acd2414000dfb90
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
Where did the mandolin grow in popularity?
|
Where did the mandolin grow in popularity?
|
[
"Where did the mandolin grow in popularity? "
] |
{
"text": [
"in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104183
|
5728a06a3acd2414000dfb91
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
When did the mandolin's popularity begin to fall?
|
When did the mandolin's popularity begin to fall?
|
[
"When did the mandolin's popularity begin to fall?"
] |
{
"text": [
"After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104184
|
5728a06a3acd2414000dfb92
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?
|
Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?
|
[
"Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104185
|
5728a06a3acd2414000dfb93
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What year did the export market for manodlins from Italy dry up?
|
What year did the export market for manodlins from Italy dry up?
|
[
"What year did the export market for manodlins from Italy dry up?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1815"
],
"answer_start": [
900
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104186
|
5ad1712f645df0001a2d1ba2
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What began around 1474?
|
What began around 1474?
|
[
"What began around 1474?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104187
|
5ad1712f645df0001a2d1ba3
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What wars took place in 1851?
|
What wars took place in 1851?
|
[
"What wars took place in 1851?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104188
|
5ad1712f645df0001a2d1ba4
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What dried up in Italy around 1851?
|
What dried up in Italy around 1851?
|
[
"What dried up in Italy around 1851?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104189
|
5ad1712f645df0001a2d1ba5
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What did Laurentiis de Carmine write?
|
What did Laurentiis de Carmine write?
|
[
"What did Laurentiis de Carmine write?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104190
|
5ad1712f645df0001a2d1ba6
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What did Leonardi Salvador write?
|
What did Leonardi Salvador write?
|
[
"What did Leonardi Salvador write?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104191
|
5ad20d35d7d075001a428272
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
|
What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
|
[
"What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104192
|
5ad20d35d7d075001a428273
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
Where did the mandolin shrink in popularity?
|
Where did the mandolin shrink in popularity?
|
[
" Where did the mandolin shrink in popularity?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104193
|
5ad20d35d7d075001a428274
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
When did the mandolin's popularity begin to rise?
|
When did the mandolin's popularity begin to rise?
|
[
" When did the mandolin's popularity begin to rise?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104194
|
5ad20d35d7d075001a428275
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
Who were two of the prominent players in the 15th century?
|
Who were two of the prominent players in the 15th century?
|
[
" Who were two of the prominent players in the 15th century?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104195
|
5ad20d35d7d075001a428276
|
Mandolin
|
The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.
|
What year did the export market for mandolins from France dry up?
|
What year did the export market for mandolins from France dry up?
|
[
" What year did the export market for mandolins from France dry up?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104196
|
5728a13e3acd2414000dfb99
|
Mandolin
|
Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.
|
When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?
|
When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?
|
[
"When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104197
|
5728a13e3acd2414000dfb9a
|
Mandolin
|
Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.
|
What popular group performed at the Paris Exposition?
|
What popular group performed at the Paris Exposition?
|
[
"What popular group performed at the Paris Exposition? "
] |
{
"text": [
"Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students)"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104198
|
5728a13e3acd2414000dfb9b
|
Mandolin
|
Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.
|
When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked?
|
When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked?
|
[
"When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked? "
] |
{
"text": [
"early years of the 20th century."
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-104199
|
5728a13e3acd2414000dfb9c
|
Mandolin
|
Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.
|
What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's?
|
What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's?
|
[
"What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's? "
] |
{
"text": [
"bandurria"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
}
|
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