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gem-squad_v2-train-104500
5728b835ff5b5019007da565
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
What is crosspicking?
What is crosspicking?
[ "What is crosspicking?" ]
{ "text": [ "syncopated banjo-roll-like style" ], "answer_start": [ 146 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104501
5728b835ff5b5019007da566
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music?
Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music?
[ "Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music? " ]
{ "text": [ "Ronnie McCoury" ], "answer_start": [ 505 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104502
5ad23668d7d075001a428806
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
Who was the minor bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's?
Who was the minor bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's?
[ "Who was the minor bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104503
5ad23668d7d075001a428807
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of?
What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of?
[ " What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104504
5ad23668d7d075001a428808
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
What technique did Jesse McReynolds destroy?
What technique did Jesse McReynolds destroy?
[ " What technique did Jesse McReynolds destroy?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104505
5ad23668d7d075001a428809
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
What isn't crosspicking?
What isn't crosspicking?
[ " What isn't crosspicking?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104506
5ad23668d7d075001a42880a
Mandolin
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.
Who won no awards for his Monroe influenced music?
Who won no awards for his Monroe influenced music?
[ " Who won no awards for his Monroe influenced music?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104507
5728b90e4b864d1900164cd4
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?
What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?
[ "What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?" ]
{ "text": [ "half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104508
5728b90e4b864d1900164cd5
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
What type of music did Jethro Burns play?
What type of music did Jethro Burns play?
[ "What type of music did Jethro Burns play? " ]
{ "text": [ "jazz mandolinist" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104509
5728b90e4b864d1900164cd6
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?
Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?
[ "Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?" ]
{ "text": [ "Tiny Moore" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104510
5728b90e4b864d1900164cd7
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?
Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?
[ "Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?" ]
{ "text": [ "Chris Thile of California is" ], "answer_start": [ 479 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104511
5728b90e4b864d1900164cd8
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who are othe rwell know players?
Who are othe rwell know players?
[ "Who are othe rwell know players? " ]
{ "text": [ "Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs" ], "answer_start": [ 892 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104512
5ad236b9d7d075001a428810
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
What is Jethro Burns uncommonly known for?
What is Jethro Burns uncommonly known for?
[ "What is Jethro Burns uncommonly known for?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104513
5ad236b9d7d075001a428811
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
What type of music did Jethro Burns not play?
What type of music did Jethro Burns not play?
[ " What type of music did Jethro Burns not play?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104514
5ad236b9d7d075001a428812
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who popularized the mandolin in Eastern Swing Music?
Who popularized the mandolin in Eastern Swing Music?
[ " Who popularized the mandolin in Eastern Swing Music?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104515
5ad236b9d7d075001a428813
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who wasn't well known for important works of traditional bluegrass?
Who wasn't well known for important works of traditional bluegrass?
[ " Who wasn't well known for important works of traditional bluegrass?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104516
5ad236b9d7d075001a428814
Mandolin
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.
Who are other unknow players?
Who are other unknow players?
[ " Who are other unknow players?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104517
5728b988ff5b5019007da576
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
Who got his start with his father's mandolin?
Who got his start with his father's mandolin?
[ "Who got his start with his father's mandolin? " ]
{ "text": [ "Howard Armstrong," ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104518
5728b988ff5b5019007da577
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?
Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?
[ "Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ry Cooder" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104519
5728b988ff5b5019007da578
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use?
What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use?
[ "What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use? " ]
{ "text": [ "ukulele in there and a bass fiddle" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104520
5728b988ff5b5019007da579
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?
Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?
[ "Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band? " ]
{ "text": [ "Willie Black" ], "answer_start": [ 599 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104521
5ad237b4d7d075001a428824
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
Who is the most popular red music mandolinist?
Who is the most popular red music mandolinist?
[ " Who is the most popular red music mandolinist?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104522
5ad237b4d7d075001a428825
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
What other instrument did the Kentucky string bands use?
What other instrument did the Kentucky string bands use?
[ " What other instrument did the Kentucky string bands use?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104523
5ad237b4d7d075001a428826
Mandolin
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.
Who played in the Singer and His Jug Band?
Who played in the Singer and His Jug Band?
[ " Who played in the Singer and His Jug Band?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104524
5728ba044b864d1900164ce6
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?
When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?
[ "When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?" ]
{ "text": [ "psychedelic era of the late 1960s" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104525
5728ba044b864d1900164ce7
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?
Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?
[ "Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?" ]
{ "text": [ "Levon Helm" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104526
5728ba044b864d1900164ce8
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
[ "What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?" ]
{ "text": [ "Maggie May" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104527
5728ba044b864d1900164ce9
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?
What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?
[ "What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?" ]
{ "text": [ "David Grisman" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104528
5728ba044b864d1900164cea
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?
Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?
[ "Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?" ]
{ "text": [ "Boat on the River" ], "answer_start": [ 1012 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104529
5ad2385dd7d075001a428830
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
When did the mandolin last appear in rock music?
When did the mandolin last appear in rock music?
[ "When did the mandolin last appear in rock music?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104530
5ad2385dd7d075001a428831
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
Who played the drums and the guitar in the group called The Band?
Who played the drums and the guitar in the group called The Band?
[ "Who played the drums and the guitar in the group called The Band?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104531
5ad2385dd7d075001a428832
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
[ " What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104532
5ad2385dd7d075001a428833
Mandolin
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.
What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin?
What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin?
[ " What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104533
5728ba8eff5b5019007da588
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use?
What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use?
[ "What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use? " ]
{ "text": [ "single-stringed electric" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104534
5728ba8eff5b5019007da589
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?
Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?
[ "Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?" ]
{ "text": [ "Dropkick Murphys" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104535
5728ba8eff5b5019007da58a
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?
What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?
[ "What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?" ]
{ "text": [ "Losing My Religion" ], "answer_start": [ 500 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104536
5728ba8eff5b5019007da58b
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins?
What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins?
[ "What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins? " ]
{ "text": [ "System of A Down" ], "answer_start": [ 944 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104537
5728ba8eff5b5019007da58c
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What film's theme song uses a mandolin?
What film's theme song uses a mandolin?
[ "What film's theme song uses a mandolin?" ]
{ "text": [ "Days of Thunder" ], "answer_start": [ 1632 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104538
5ad23b4bd7d075001a428868
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What type of mandolin do rock musicians never today use?
What type of mandolin do rock musicians never today use?
[ "What type of mandolin do rock musicians never today use?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104539
5ad23b4bd7d075001a428869
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
Which Italian-American punk band uses Mandolins?
Which Italian-American punk band uses Mandolins?
[ "Which Italian-American punk band uses Mandolins?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104540
5ad23b4bd7d075001a42886a
Mandolin
Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.
What REM song uses complex mandolin licks?
What REM song uses complex mandolin licks?
[ " What REM song uses complex mandolin licks?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104541
5728bb153acd2414000dfd55
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role?
What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role?
[ "What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role? " ]
{ "text": [ "Venezuela" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104542
5728bb153acd2414000dfd56
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
What is the sound of mandolin associated with in the west country?
What is the sound of mandolin associated with in the west country?
[ "What is the sound of mandolin associated with in the west country? " ]
{ "text": [ "regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104543
5728bb153acd2414000dfd57
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
Who are the famous Venezuelen mandolinist?
Who are the famous Venezuelen mandolinist?
[ "Who are the famous Venezuelen mandolinist? " ]
{ "text": [ "Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto." ], "answer_start": [ 932 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104544
5ad23b8cd7d075001a42886e
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
What place in Brazil do mandolins play an unimportant role?
What place in Brazil do mandolins play an unimportant role?
[ " What place in Brazil do mandolins play an unimportant role?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104545
5ad23b8cd7d075001a42886f
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
What is the sound of mandolin not associated with in the west country?
What is the sound of mandolin not associated with in the west country?
[ "What is the sound of mandolin not associated with in the west country?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104546
5ad23b8cd7d075001a428870
Mandolin
As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
Who are the not famous Venezuelen mandolinist?
Who are the not famous Venezuelen mandolinist?
[ " Who are the not famous Venezuelen mandolinist?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104547
5728bbc42ca10214002da6ac
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What type of music has mandolins played?
What type of music has mandolins played?
[ "What type of music has mandolins played? " ]
{ "text": [ "mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104548
5728bbc42ca10214002da6ad
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular?
Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular?
[ "Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular? " ]
{ "text": [ "Japan and Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 295 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104549
5728bbc42ca10214002da6ae
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?
What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?
[ "What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?" ]
{ "text": [ "first and second mandolins," ], "answer_start": [ 574 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104550
5728bbc42ca10214002da6af
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What are smalled ensambles composed of?
What are smalled ensambles composed of?
[ "What are smalled ensambles composed of? " ]
{ "text": [ "two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello," ], "answer_start": [ 871 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104551
5728bbc42ca10214002da6b0
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What are the mandocellos usually tuned like?
What are the mandocellos usually tuned like?
[ "What are the mandocellos usually tuned like? " ]
{ "text": [ "cello" ], "answer_start": [ 742 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104552
5ad23c18d7d075001a428874
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What type of music has mandolins never played?
What type of music has mandolins never played?
[ "What type of music has mandolins never played?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104553
5ad23c18d7d075001a428875
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain unpopular?
Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain unpopular?
[ " Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain unpopular?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104554
5ad23c18d7d075001a428876
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What do the structure of a contemporary untraditional orchestra consist of?
What do the structure of a contemporary untraditional orchestra consist of?
[ "What do the structure of a contemporary untraditional orchestra consist of?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104555
5ad23c18d7d075001a428877
Mandolin
To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.
What are large ensambles composed of?
What are large ensambles composed of?
[ "What are large ensambles composed of?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104556
573257950fdd8d15006c69eb
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions?
What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions?
[ "What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions?" ]
{ "text": [ "bailout of banks" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104557
573257950fdd8d15006c69ec
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
How much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
How much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "How much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "trillions of U.S. dollars" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104558
573257950fdd8d15006c69ed
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?
What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?
[ "What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?" ]
{ "text": [ "August 9, 2007" ], "answer_start": [ 649 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104559
573257950fdd8d15006c69ee
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?
What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?
[ "What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?" ]
{ "text": [ "2012" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104560
573257950fdd8d15006c69ef
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
What was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis?
What was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis?
[ "What was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis?" ]
{ "text": [ "BNP Paribas" ], "answer_start": [ 670 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104561
57325b55e17f3d14004228e5
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?
What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?
[ "What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?" ]
{ "text": [ "2004" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104562
57325b55e17f3d14004228e6
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
What year did Congress pass the American Recover and Reinvestment Act?
What year did Congress pass the American Recover and Reinvestment Act?
[ "What year did Congress pass the American Recover and Reinvestment Act?" ]
{ "text": [ "2009" ], "answer_start": [ 1268 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104563
57325b55e17f3d14004228e7
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?
Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?
[ "Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?" ]
{ "text": [ "escalate" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104564
57325b55e17f3d14004228e8
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
One of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower?
One of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower?
[ "One of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower?" ]
{ "text": [ "subprime" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104565
57325b55e17f3d14004228e9
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
In 2007, banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments?
In 2007, banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments?
[ "In 2007, banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments?" ]
{ "text": [ "capital" ], "answer_start": [ 653 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104566
57325ecbe99e3014001e6728
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Critics argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products, and that governments did not adjust their regulatory practices to address 21st-century financial markets. Research into the causes of the financial crisis has also focused on the role of interest rate spreads.
What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis?
What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis?
[ "What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis?" ]
{ "text": [ "Levin–Coburn Report" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104567
57325ecbe99e3014001e6729
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Critics argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products, and that governments did not adjust their regulatory practices to address 21st-century financial markets. Research into the causes of the financial crisis has also focused on the role of interest rate spreads.
Which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks?
Which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks?
[ "Which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks?" ]
{ "text": [ "Glass-Steagall Act" ], "answer_start": [ 1179 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104568
57325ecbe99e3014001e672a
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Critics argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products, and that governments did not adjust their regulatory practices to address 21st-century financial markets. Research into the causes of the financial crisis has also focused on the role of interest rate spreads.
What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?
What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?
[ "What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?" ]
{ "text": [ "Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104569
57325ecbe99e3014001e672b
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Critics argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products, and that governments did not adjust their regulatory practices to address 21st-century financial markets. Research into the causes of the financial crisis has also focused on the role of interest rate spreads.
What agency failed to accurately price risk involved in mortgage-related financial products?
What agency failed to accurately price risk involved in mortgage-related financial products?
[ "What agency failed to accurately price risk involved in mortgage-related financial products?" ]
{ "text": [ "credit rating agencies" ], "answer_start": [ 1321 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104570
57325ecbe99e3014001e672c
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street." The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk. The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States. Critics argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products, and that governments did not adjust their regulatory practices to address 21st-century financial markets. Research into the causes of the financial crisis has also focused on the role of interest rate spreads.
What practices should have been adjusted by governments to address 21st-century financial markets?
What practices should have been adjusted by governments to address 21st-century financial markets?
[ "What practices should have been adjusted by governments to address 21st-century financial markets?" ]
{ "text": [ "regulatory" ], "answer_start": [ 1487 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104571
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a65
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.
What are MBS as related to the housing and credit booms?
What are MBS as related to the housing and credit booms?
[ "What are MBS as related to the housing and credit booms?" ]
{ "text": [ "mortgage-backed securities" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104572
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a66
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.
What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms?
What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms?
[ "What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms?" ]
{ "text": [ "collateralized debt obligations" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104573
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a67
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.
When housing prices declined, who reported significant losses from being heavily invested in subprime MBS?
When housing prices declined, who reported significant losses from being heavily invested in subprime MBS?
[ "When housing prices declined, who reported significant losses from being heavily invested in subprime MBS?" ]
{ "text": [ "major global financial institutions" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104574
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a68
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.
Who could invest in the U.S. housing market through MBS and CDO?
Who could invest in the U.S. housing market through MBS and CDO?
[ "Who could invest in the U.S. housing market through MBS and CDO?" ]
{ "text": [ "institutions and investors around the world" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104575
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a69
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.
MBS and CDO derive their value from?
MBS and CDO derive their value from?
[ "MBS and CDO derive their value from?" ]
{ "text": [ "mortgage payments and housing prices" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104576
573263d4b9d445190005eadb
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.
What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?
What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?
[ "What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?" ]
{ "text": [ "late 2006" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104577
573263d4b9d445190005eadc
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.
How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?
How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?
[ "How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?" ]
{ "text": [ "trillions of U.S. dollars" ], "answer_start": [ 477 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104578
573263d4b9d445190005eadd
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.
What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?
What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?
[ "What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?" ]
{ "text": [ "foreclosure" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104579
573263d4b9d445190005eade
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.
What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?
What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?
[ "What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?" ]
{ "text": [ "other loan types" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104580
573263d4b9d445190005eadf
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.
What continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks?
What continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks?
[ "What continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks?" ]
{ "text": [ "foreclosure epidemic" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104581
57329eb1cc179a14009dab72
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U.S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations.
What institutions comprise the shadow banking system?
What institutions comprise the shadow banking system?
[ "What institutions comprise the shadow banking system?" ]
{ "text": [ "investment banks and hedge funds" ], "answer_start": [ 567 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104582
57329eb1cc179a14009dab73
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U.S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations.
What institutions are not subject to the same regulations as commercial banks?
What institutions are not subject to the same regulations as commercial banks?
[ "What institutions are not subject to the same regulations as commercial banks?" ]
{ "text": [ "investment banks and hedge funds" ], "answer_start": [ 567 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104583
57329eb1cc179a14009dab74
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U.S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations.
What process caused the financial system to both expand and become fragile?
What process caused the financial system to both expand and become fragile?
[ "What process caused the financial system to both expand and become fragile?" ]
{ "text": [ "financialization" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104584
57329eb1cc179a14009dab75
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U.S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations.
What policy has U.S. Government emphasized from the 1970's onward?
What policy has U.S. Government emphasized from the 1970's onward?
[ "What policy has U.S. Government emphasized from the 1970's onward?" ]
{ "text": [ "deregulation" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104585
57329eb1cc179a14009dab76
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U.S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations.
Since the 1970's, what has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, but resulted in less oversight and less disclosure?
Since the 1970's, what has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, but resulted in less oversight and less disclosure?
[ "Since the 1970's, what has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, but resulted in less oversight and less disclosure?" ]
{ "text": [ "U.S. Government policy" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104586
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff885
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.
Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "MBS" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104587
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff886
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.
What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?
What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?
[ "What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "slowing economic activity" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104588
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff887
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.
Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?
Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "central banks" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104589
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff888
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.
Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?
Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "Governments" ], "answer_start": [ 552 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104590
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff889
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.
What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?
What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "large loan defaults or MBS losses" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104591
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdc
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".
When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?
When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?
[ "When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?" ]
{ "text": [ "January 2011" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104592
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdd
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".
What was one of the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?
What was one of the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "What was one of the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104593
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabde
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".
What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?
What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?
[ "What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?" ]
{ "text": [ "Federal Reserve" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104594
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdf
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".
Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?
Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?
[ "Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?" ]
{ "text": [ "key policy makers" ], "answer_start": [ 539 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104595
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabe0
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".
Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?
Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?
[ "Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?" ]
{ "text": [ "financial firms" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104596
5732ac07328d981900601ffd
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.
What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?
What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?
[ "What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?" ]
{ "text": [ "tough competition" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104597
5732ac07328d981900601ffe
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.
In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?
In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?
[ "In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?" ]
{ "text": [ "2003" ], "answer_start": [ 454 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104598
5732ac07328d981900601fff
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.
What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?
What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?
[ "What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?" ]
{ "text": [ "2004–2007" ], "answer_start": [ 694 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104599
5732ac07328d981900602000
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.
What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?
What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?
[ "What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?" ]
{ "text": [ "2004–2007" ], "answer_start": [ 694 ] }