gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-104600 | 5732ac07328d981900602001 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservativ... | Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003? | Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003? | [
"Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104601 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | [
"How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104602 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed? | Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed? | [
"Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104603 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? | Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? | [
"Several reports written by various agencies concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"government affordable housing policy"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104604 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | [
"How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104605 | 5732add9cc179a14009dabf4 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | According to reports, which loans performed better than some loans securitized by private investment banks? | According to reports, which loans performed better than some loans securitized by private investment banks? | [
"According to reports, which loans performed better than some loans securitized by private investment banks?"
] | {
"text": [
"GSE loans"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104606 | 5732afd2328d981900602007 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases? | Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases? | [
"Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104607 | 5732afd2328d981900602008 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | How many estimated substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie have in 2008? | How many estimated substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie have in 2008? | [
"How many estimated substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie have in 2008? "
] | {
"text": [
"13 million"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104608 | 5732afd2328d981900602009 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008? | What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008? | [
"What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"over $2 trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104609 | 5732afd2328d98190060200a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case? | How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case? | [
"How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case?"
] | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104610 | 5732afd2328d98190060200b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | Peter J. Wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s? | Peter J. Wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s? | [
"Peter J. Wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [
"HUD"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104611 | 5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a7c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s? | Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s? | [
"Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bush administration"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104612 | 5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a7d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | [
"Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?"
] | {
"text": [
"Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104613 | 5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a7e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | [
"On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 10, 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104614 | 5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a7f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | [
"What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?"
] | {
"text": [
"The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104615 | 5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a80 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? | [
"Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?"
] | {
"text": [
"House Financial Services Committee"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104616 | 5732b3a5328d981900602017 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998? | What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998? | [
"What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"$467 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104617 | 5732b3a5328d981900602018 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What percent of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998? | What percent of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998? | [
"What percent of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998?"
] | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104618 | 5732b3a5328d981900602019 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What does CRA stand for? | What does CRA stand for? | [
"What does CRA stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Community Reinvestment Act"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104619 | 5732b3a5328d98190060201a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What percent of sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis? | What percent of sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis? | [
"What percent of sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"25%"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104620 | 5732b3a5328d98190060201b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA in the run-up to the financial crisis? | What percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA in the run-up to the financial crisis? | [
"What percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA in the run-up to the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"25%"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104621 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac1e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards? | When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards? | [
"When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"1995"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104622 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac1f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007? | How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007? | [
"How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"$4.5 trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104623 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac20 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime? | What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime? | [
"What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime?"
] | {
"text": [
"high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average)"
],
"answer_start": [
729
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104624 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac21 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | How did the Federal Reserve classify CRA loans? | How did the Federal Reserve classify CRA loans? | [
"How did the Federal Reserve classify CRA loans?"
] | {
"text": [
"prime"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104625 | 5732b589cc179a14009dac22 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve? | When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve? | [
"When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve?"
] | {
"text": [
"after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104626 | 5732b89acc179a14009dac32 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers? | What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers? | [
"What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?"
] | {
"text": [
"credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs."
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104627 | 5732b89acc179a14009dac33 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what? | Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what? | [
"Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"derivatives"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104628 | 5732b89acc179a14009dac34 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans? | Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans? | [
"Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Portfolio Magazine"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104629 | 5732b89acc179a14009dac35 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers? | What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers? | [
"What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?"
] | {
"text": [
"derivatives"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104630 | 5732b89acc179a14009dac36 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | What are some names of derivatives? | What are some names of derivatives? | [
"What are some names of derivatives?"
] | {
"text": [
"credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104631 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac3c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis? | Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis? | [
"Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"substandard"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104632 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac3d | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have? | What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have? | [
"What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have?"
] | {
"text": [
"low or no downpayments"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104633 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac3e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | According to Peter J. Wallison, why did the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis? | According to Peter J. Wallison, why did the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis? | [
"According to Peter J. Wallison, why did the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104634 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac3f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years? | Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years? | [
"Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997–2007"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104635 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac40 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views? | Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views? | [
"Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views?"
] | {
"text": [
"Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104636 | 57332627d058e614000b5744 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? | Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? | [
"Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104637 | 57332627d058e614000b5745 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities? | When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities? | [
"When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2010"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104638 | 57332627d058e614000b5746 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur? | According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur? | [
"According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
742
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104639 | 57332627d058e614000b5747 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | What are CMBS? | What are CMBS? | [
"What are CMBS?"
] | {
"text": [
"commercial mortgage-backed securities"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104640 | 57332627d058e614000b5748 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate? | According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate? | [
"According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate?"
] | {
"text": [
"the crisis in commercial real estate"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104641 | 573328a6d058e614000b574e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies? | What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies? | [
"What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies?"
] | {
"text": [
"collateralized debt obligation"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104642 | 573328a6d058e614000b574f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments? | How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments? | [
"How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments?"
] | {
"text": [
"$70 trillion"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104643 | 573328a6d058e614000b5750 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007? | How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007? | [
"How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"roughly doubled in size"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104644 | 573328a6d058e614000b5751 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments? | What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments? | [
"What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments?"
] | {
"text": [
"mortgage-backed security"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104645 | 573328a6d058e614000b5752 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment? | In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment? | [
"In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. Treasury bonds"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104646 | 57332ba74776f41900660730 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime? | What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime? | [
"What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?"
] | {
"text": [
"collateralized debt obligation"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104647 | 57332ba74776f41900660731 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations? | What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations? | [
"What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations?"
] | {
"text": [
"extending or increasing the housing bubble"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104648 | 57332ba74776f41900660732 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies? | What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies? | [
"What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?"
] | {
"text": [
"investment-grade ratings"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104649 | 57332ba74776f41900660733 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into? | What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into? | [
"What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into?"
] | {
"text": [
"single pool"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104650 | 57332ba74776f41900660734 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return? | What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return? | [
"What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?"
] | {
"text": [
"Securities with lower priority"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104651 | 57332d064776f4190066074e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008? | How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008? | [
"How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 20%"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104652 | 57332d064776f4190066074f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | When was the peak of U.S. housing prices? | When was the peak of U.S. housing prices? | [
"When was the peak of U.S. housing prices?"
] | {
"text": [
"mid-2006"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104653 | 57332d064776f41900660750 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007? | How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007? | [
"How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly 1.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104654 | 57332d064776f41900660751 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008? | What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008? | [
"What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"81%"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104655 | 57332d064776f41900660752 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009? | How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009? | [
"How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"14.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104656 | 573332054776f41900660774 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003? | Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003? | [
"Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104657 | 573332054776f41900660775 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003? | What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003? | [
"What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"to combat a perceived risk of deflation"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104658 | 573332054776f41900660776 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble? | In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble? | [
"In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble?"
] | {
"text": [
"a housing bubble"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104659 | 573332054776f41900660777 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007? | What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007? | [
"What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"excessive credit growth"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104660 | 573332054776f41900660778 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003? | What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003? | [
"What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lower interest rates"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104661 | 573334094776f41900660786 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? | Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? | [
"Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"$650 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104662 | 573334094776f41900660787 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004? | What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004? | [
"What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104663 | 573334094776f41900660788 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports? | What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports? | [
"What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?"
] | {
"text": [
"Asia and oil-exporting nations"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104664 | 573334094776f41900660789 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit? | What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit? | [
"What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?"
] | {
"text": [
"capital account"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104665 | 573334094776f4190066078a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports? | Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports? | [
"Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?"
] | {
"text": [
"foreign funds"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104666 | 573335cbd058e614000b5780 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly? | When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly? | [
"When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104667 | 573335cbd058e614000b5781 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | What does ARM stand for: | What does ARM stand for: | [
"What does ARM stand for:"
] | {
"text": [
"adjustable-rate mortgage"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104668 | 573335cbd058e614000b5782 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates? | How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates? | [
"How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates?"
] | {
"text": [
"inversely"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104669 | 573335cbd058e614000b5783 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners? | Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners? | [
"Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners?"
] | {
"text": [
"raised the Fed funds rate"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104670 | 573335cbd058e614000b5784 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst? | How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst? | [
"How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst?"
] | {
"text": [
"dramatically declined in value"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104671 | 573337db4776f41900660798 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution? | Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution? | [
"Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Citigroup"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104672 | 573337db4776f41900660799 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup? | How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup? | [
"How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup?"
] | {
"text": [
"220"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104673 | 573337db4776f4190066079a | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective? | What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective? | [
"What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective?"
] | {
"text": [
"60%"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104674 | 573337db4776f4190066079b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards? | In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards? | [
"In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,600"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104675 | 573337db4776f4190066079c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards? | During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards? | [
"During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 80%"
],
"answer_start": [
965
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104676 | 5733399bd058e614000b5794 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company? | Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company? | [
"Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clayton Holdings"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104677 | 5733399bd058e614000b5795 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards? | According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards? | [
"According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"54%"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104678 | 5733399bd058e614000b5796 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? | How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? | [
"How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? "
] | {
"text": [
"23"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104679 | 5733399bd058e614000b5797 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer? | Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer? | [
"Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?"
] | {
"text": [
"28%"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104680 | 5733399bd058e614000b5798 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis? | How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis? | [
"How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis?"
] | {
"text": [
"900,000"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104681 | 57333ba64776f419006607ac | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans? | What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans? | [
"What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Predatory lending"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104682 | 57333ba64776f419006607ad | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates? | What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates? | [
"What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates?"
] | {
"text": [
"Countrywide Financial"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104683 | 57333ba64776f419006607ae | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised? | Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised? | [
"Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?"
] | {
"text": [
"adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104684 | 57333ba64776f419006607af | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid? | What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid? | [
"What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?"
] | {
"text": [
"negative amortization"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104685 | 57333ba64776f419006607b0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use? | What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use? | [
"What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?"
] | {
"text": [
"classic bait-and-switch"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104686 | 57333da94776f419006607be | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising? | Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising? | [
"Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?"
] | {
"text": [
"California Attorney General Jerry Brown"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104687 | 57333da94776f419006607bf | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? | What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? | [
"What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?"
] | {
"text": [
"adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104688 | 57333da94776f419006607c0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased? | What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased? | [
"What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased?"
] | {
"text": [
"disappeared"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104689 | 57333da94776f419006607c1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated? | Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated? | [
"Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Office of Thrift Supervision"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104690 | 57333da94776f419006607c2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have? | What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have? | [
"What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?"
] | {
"text": [
"weak credit"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104691 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57c8 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation? | What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation? | [
"What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104692 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57c9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007? | Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007? | [
"Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"Timothy Geithner"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104693 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57ca | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? | Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? | [
"Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices?"
] | {
"text": [
"OECD"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104694 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57cb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | It has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation? | It has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation? | [
"It has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"regulatory framework"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104695 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57cc | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis? | What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis? | [
"What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basel"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104696 | 573342a9d058e614000b57f0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged, increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses. Much of this leverage was achieved using complex financial instruments such as off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives, which made it difficult f... | What did financial institutions do prior to the crisis? | What did financial institutions do prior to the crisis? | [
"What did financial institutions do prior to the crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"became highly leveraged"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104697 | 573342a9d058e614000b57f1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged, increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses. Much of this leverage was achieved using complex financial instruments such as off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives, which made it difficult f... | What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives? | What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives? | [
"What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives?"
] | {
"text": [
"complex"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104698 | 573342a9d058e614000b57f2 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged, increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses. Much of this leverage was achieved using complex financial instruments such as off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives, which made it difficult f... | Who bailed out financial institutions? | Who bailed out financial institutions? | [
"Who bailed out financial institutions?"
] | {
"text": [
"government"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104699 | 573342a9d058e614000b57f3 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged, increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses. Much of this leverage was achieved using complex financial instruments such as off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives, which made it difficult f... | Which option was nearly impossible for financial institutions to reorganize under? | Which option was nearly impossible for financial institutions to reorganize under? | [
"Which option was nearly impossible for financial institutions to reorganize under?"
] | {
"text": [
"bankruptcy"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
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