gem_id
stringlengths 20
25
| id
stringlengths 24
24
| title
stringlengths 3
59
| context
stringlengths 151
3.71k
| question
stringlengths 1
270
| target
stringlengths 1
270
| references
list | answers
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106500
|
57261be989a1e219009ac27a
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being largely made up of professional soldiers and also in their greater specialization and technical proficiency in siege warfare. Hellenistic armies were significantly larger than those of classical Greece relying increasingly on Greek mercenaries (misthophoroi; men-for-pay) and also on non-Greek soldiery such as Thracians, Galatians, Egyptians and Iranians. Some ethnic groups were known for their martial skill in a particular mode of combat and were highly sought after, including Tarantine cavalry, Cretan archers, Rhodian slingers and Thracian peltasts. This period also saw the adoption of new weapons and troop types such as Thureophoroi and the Thorakitai who used the oval Thureos shield and fought with javelins and the machaira sword. The use of heavily armored cataphracts and also horse archers was adopted by the Seleucids, Greco-Bactrians, Armenians and Pontus. The use of war elephants also became common. Seleucus received Indian war elephants from the Mauryan empire, and used them to good effect at the battle of Ipsus. He kept a core of 500 of them at Apameia. The Ptolemies used the smaller African elephant.
|
The Thorakitai used what type of oval shield?
|
The Thorakitai used what type of oval shield?
|
[
"The Thorakitai used what type of oval shield?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Thureos"
],
"answer_start": [
997
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106501
|
57261be989a1e219009ac27b
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being largely made up of professional soldiers and also in their greater specialization and technical proficiency in siege warfare. Hellenistic armies were significantly larger than those of classical Greece relying increasingly on Greek mercenaries (misthophoroi; men-for-pay) and also on non-Greek soldiery such as Thracians, Galatians, Egyptians and Iranians. Some ethnic groups were known for their martial skill in a particular mode of combat and were highly sought after, including Tarantine cavalry, Cretan archers, Rhodian slingers and Thracian peltasts. This period also saw the adoption of new weapons and troop types such as Thureophoroi and the Thorakitai who used the oval Thureos shield and fought with javelins and the machaira sword. The use of heavily armored cataphracts and also horse archers was adopted by the Seleucids, Greco-Bactrians, Armenians and Pontus. The use of war elephants also became common. Seleucus received Indian war elephants from the Mauryan empire, and used them to good effect at the battle of Ipsus. He kept a core of 500 of them at Apameia. The Ptolemies used the smaller African elephant.
|
From whom did Seleucus receive war elephants?
|
From whom did Seleucus receive war elephants?
|
[
"From whom did Seleucus receive war elephants?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Mauryan empire"
],
"answer_start": [
1285
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106502
|
57261be989a1e219009ac27c
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being largely made up of professional soldiers and also in their greater specialization and technical proficiency in siege warfare. Hellenistic armies were significantly larger than those of classical Greece relying increasingly on Greek mercenaries (misthophoroi; men-for-pay) and also on non-Greek soldiery such as Thracians, Galatians, Egyptians and Iranians. Some ethnic groups were known for their martial skill in a particular mode of combat and were highly sought after, including Tarantine cavalry, Cretan archers, Rhodian slingers and Thracian peltasts. This period also saw the adoption of new weapons and troop types such as Thureophoroi and the Thorakitai who used the oval Thureos shield and fought with javelins and the machaira sword. The use of heavily armored cataphracts and also horse archers was adopted by the Seleucids, Greco-Bactrians, Armenians and Pontus. The use of war elephants also became common. Seleucus received Indian war elephants from the Mauryan empire, and used them to good effect at the battle of Ipsus. He kept a core of 500 of them at Apameia. The Ptolemies used the smaller African elephant.
|
What kind of elephant did the Ptolemies use?
|
What kind of elephant did the Ptolemies use?
|
[
"What kind of elephant did the Ptolemies use?"
] |
{
"text": [
"African elephant"
],
"answer_start": [
1427
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106503
|
57261cc4271a42140099d48d
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
|
What was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity?
|
What was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity?
|
[
"What was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106504
|
57261cc4271a42140099d48e
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
|
Who invented the Polybolos?
|
Who invented the Polybolos?
|
[
"Who invented the Polybolos?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Dionysios of Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106505
|
57261cc4271a42140099d48f
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
|
What type of weapon is the Polybolos?
|
What type of weapon is the Polybolos?
|
[
"What type of weapon is the Polybolos?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ballista"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106506
|
57261cc4271a42140099d490
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
|
Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower?
|
Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower?
|
[
"Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower?"
] |
{
"text": [
"160 ton"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106507
|
57261cc4271a42140099d491
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 kg to 78 kg (or over 170 lbs). Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.
|
How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes?
|
How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes?
|
[
"How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes?"
] |
{
"text": [
"12-month"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106508
|
57261d85ec44d21400f3d8fb
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.
|
Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?
|
Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?
|
[
"Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?"
] |
{
"text": [
"pathos"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106509
|
57261d85ec44d21400f3d8fc
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.
|
Character is called what in Hellenistic art?
|
Character is called what in Hellenistic art?
|
[
"Character is called what in Hellenistic art?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ethos"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106510
|
57261d85ec44d21400f3d8fd
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.
|
Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?
|
Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?
|
[
"Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Zeuxis"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106511
|
57261d85ec44d21400f3d8fe
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.
|
The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?
|
The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?
|
[
"The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"passion"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106512
|
57261d85ec44d21400f3d8ff
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.
|
What painting epitomized the female nude?
|
What painting epitomized the female nude?
|
[
"What painting epitomized the female nude?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106513
|
57261e59ec44d21400f3d919
|
Hellenistic_period
|
People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
|
Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects?
|
Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects?
|
[
"Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Peiraikos"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106514
|
57261e59ec44d21400f3d91a
|
Hellenistic_period
|
People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
|
Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?
|
Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?
|
[
"Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Galatians"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106515
|
57261e59ec44d21400f3d91b
|
Hellenistic_period
|
People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
|
All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?
|
All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?
|
[
"All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Alexander the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106516
|
57261e59ec44d21400f3d91c
|
Hellenistic_period
|
People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.
|
Venus de Milo belongs to which period?
|
Venus de Milo belongs to which period?
|
[
"Venus de Milo belongs to which period?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Hellenistic"
],
"answer_start": [
860
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106517
|
57261f2fec44d21400f3d92b
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
|
Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?
|
Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?
|
[
"Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Zeuxis"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106518
|
57261f2fec44d21400f3d92c
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
|
Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?
|
Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?
|
[
"Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?"
] |
{
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106519
|
57261f2fec44d21400f3d92d
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
|
Who rebuilt the Apollo at Didyma in 300 BCE?
|
Who rebuilt the Apollo at Didyma in 300 BCE?
|
[
"Who rebuilt the Apollo at Didyma in 300 BCE?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Seleucus"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106520
|
57261f2fec44d21400f3d92e
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
|
What is a Greek royal palace called?
|
What is a Greek royal palace called?
|
[
"What is a Greek royal palace called?"
] |
{
"text": [
"basileion"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106521
|
57261f2fec44d21400f3d92f
|
Hellenistic_period
|
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
|
What is the first example of Hellenistic period royal palace?
|
What is the first example of Hellenistic period royal palace?
|
[
"What is the first example of Hellenistic period royal palace?"
] |
{
"text": [
"villa of Cassander at Vergina"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106522
|
5726207e271a42140099d4b1
|
Hellenistic_period
|
There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness.
|
Who said "then art dissapeared"?
|
Who said "then art dissapeared"?
|
[
"Who said \"then art dissapeared\"?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Pliny the Elder"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106523
|
5726207e271a42140099d4b2
|
Hellenistic_period
|
There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness.
|
The discovery of what tombs raised the profile of Hellenistic art?
|
The discovery of what tombs raised the profile of Hellenistic art?
|
[
"The discovery of what tombs raised the profile of Hellenistic art?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Vergina"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106524
|
5726207e271a42140099d4b3
|
Hellenistic_period
|
There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness.
|
Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period?
|
Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period?
|
[
"Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style period?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Golden Age of Classical Athens"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106525
|
5726207e271a42140099d4b4
|
Hellenistic_period
|
There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness.
|
What century do the terms Baroque and Rococo come from?
|
What century do the terms Baroque and Rococo come from?
|
[
"What century do the terms Baroque and Rococo come from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"18th"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106526
|
5726215989a1e219009ac2c8
|
Hellenistic_period
|
The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece. Though this comparison is now seen as unfair and meaningless, it has been noted that even commentators of the time saw the end of a cultural era which could not be matched again. This may be inextricably linked with the nature of government. It has been noted by Herodotus that after the establishment of the Athenian democracy:
|
What century of scholars considered the Hellenistic period a decline in culture from classic Greece?
|
What century of scholars considered the Hellenistic period a decline in culture from classic Greece?
|
[
"What century of scholars considered the Hellenistic period a decline in culture from classic Greece?"
] |
{
"text": [
"19th"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106527
|
5726215989a1e219009ac2c9
|
Hellenistic_period
|
The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece. Though this comparison is now seen as unfair and meaningless, it has been noted that even commentators of the time saw the end of a cultural era which could not be matched again. This may be inextricably linked with the nature of government. It has been noted by Herodotus that after the establishment of the Athenian democracy:
|
How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?
|
How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?
|
[
"How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a mirror"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106528
|
5726215989a1e219009ac2ca
|
Hellenistic_period
|
The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece. Though this comparison is now seen as unfair and meaningless, it has been noted that even commentators of the time saw the end of a cultural era which could not be matched again. This may be inextricably linked with the nature of government. It has been noted by Herodotus that after the establishment of the Athenian democracy:
|
The viewpoint that the Hellenistic period represented a decline in culture was proven to be meaningless and what?
|
The viewpoint that the Hellenistic period represented a decline in culture was proven to be meaningless and what?
|
[
"The viewpoint that the Hellenistic period represented a decline in culture was proven to be meaningless and what?"
] |
{
"text": [
"unfair"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106529
|
572622b5271a42140099d4cd
|
Hellenistic_period
|
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.
|
Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation?
|
Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation?
|
[
"Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation?"
] |
{
"text": [
"William Woodthorpe Tarn"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106530
|
572622b5271a42140099d4ce
|
Hellenistic_period
|
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.
|
Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?
|
Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?
|
[
"Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Russian Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106531
|
572622b5271a42140099d4cf
|
Hellenistic_period
|
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.
|
Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?
|
Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?
|
[
"Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Arnaldo Momigliano"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106532
|
572622b5271a42140099d4d0
|
Hellenistic_period
|
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.
|
Frank William Walbank mainly focused on which relations in his depictions of Hellinistic culture?
|
Frank William Walbank mainly focused on which relations in his depictions of Hellinistic culture?
|
[
"Frank William Walbank mainly focused on which relations in his depictions of Hellinistic culture?"
] |
{
"text": [
"class"
],
"answer_start": [
746
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106533
|
572622b5271a42140099d4d1
|
Hellenistic_period
|
However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes.
|
Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system?
|
Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system?
|
[
"Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system?"
] |
{
"text": [
"C. Préaux"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106534
|
57261fdfec44d21400f3d935
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
[
"The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1588"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106535
|
57261fdfec44d21400f3d936
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
|
Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
|
[
"Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth I"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106536
|
57261fdfec44d21400f3d937
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
|
What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
|
[
"What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1589"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106537
|
57261fdfec44d21400f3d938
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
how many ships sailed Torbay?
|
how many ships sailed Torbay?
|
[
"how many ships sailed Torbay?"
] |
{
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106538
|
57261fdfec44d21400f3d939
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
|
who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
|
[
"who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Edward Bonventure"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106539
|
57264fa95951b619008f6f92
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
[
" in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1588"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106540
|
57264fa95951b619008f6f93
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
how many ships sailed from Torbay?
|
how many ships sailed from Torbay?
|
[
"how many ships sailed from Torbay?"
] |
{
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106541
|
5a8452777cf838001a46a724
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
How many ships levitated over Torbay?
|
How many ships levitated over Torbay?
|
[
"How many ships levitated over Torbay?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106542
|
5a8452777cf838001a46a725
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
Who did the French merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
|
Who did the French merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
|
[
"Who did the French merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106543
|
5a8452777cf838001a46a726
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Arctic Ocean?
|
What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Arctic Ocean?
|
[
"What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Arctic Ocean?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106544
|
5a8452777cf838001a46a727
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
Who returned to Mexico after sailing around Cape Comorin?
|
Who returned to Mexico after sailing around Cape Comorin?
|
[
"Who returned to Mexico after sailing around Cape Comorin?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106545
|
5a8452777cf838001a46a728
|
East_India_Company
|
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
|
The Rebel Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
The Rebel Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
|
[
"The Rebel Armada suffered a defeat in what year?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106546
|
5726240738643c19005ad075
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What did the Queen give them for suceeding?
|
What did the Queen give them for suceeding?
|
[
"What did the Queen give them for suceeding?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a Royal Charter"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106547
|
5726240738643c19005ad076
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What was the name of the Royal Charter?
|
What was the name of the Royal Charter?
|
[
"What was the name of the Royal Charter?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106548
|
5726240738643c19005ad077
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What did this charter give them?
|
What did this charter give them?
|
[
"What did this charter give them?"
] |
{
"text": [
"a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106549
|
5726240738643c19005ad079
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
Who led the third voyage?
|
Who led the third voyage?
|
[
"Who led the third voyage?"
] |
{
"text": [
"General William Keeling"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106550
|
572651775951b619008f6fbf
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1603?
|
Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1603?
|
[
"Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1603?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Sir James Lancaster"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106551
|
572651775951b619008f6fc0
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
Who commanded the second voyage in 1604?
|
Who commanded the second voyage in 1604?
|
[
"Who commanded the second voyage in 1604?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Sir Henry Middleton"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106552
|
572651775951b619008f6fc1
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?
|
What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?
|
[
"What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?"
] |
{
"text": [
"General"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106553
|
572651775951b619008f6fc2
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?
|
what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?
|
[
"what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Merchants of London"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106554
|
572651775951b619008f6fc3
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
how many years did the Merchants of London has a monoploy on trade?
|
how many years did the Merchants of London has a monoploy on trade?
|
[
"how many years did the Merchants of London has a monoploy on trade?"
] |
{
"text": [
"fifteen"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106555
|
5a8453217cf838001a46a72e
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What did the Queen steal from them for succeeding?
|
What did the Queen steal from them for succeeding?
|
[
"What did the Queen steal from them for succeeding?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106556
|
5a8453217cf838001a46a72f
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What was the name of the Novice Charter?
|
What was the name of the Novice Charter?
|
[
"What was the name of the Novice Charter?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106557
|
5a8453217cf838001a46a730
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
What did this charter take away from them?
|
What did this charter take away from them?
|
[
"What did this charter take away from them?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106558
|
5a8453217cf838001a46a731
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1609?
|
Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1609?
|
[
"Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1609?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106559
|
5a8453217cf838001a46a732
|
East_India_Company
|
This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
|
Who commanded the eighth voyage in 1604?
|
Who commanded the eighth voyage in 1604?
|
[
"Who commanded the eighth voyage in 1604?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106560
|
57262557ec44d21400f3da06
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?
|
In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?
|
[
"In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?"
] |
{
"text": [
"indefinite"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106561
|
57262557ec44d21400f3da07
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?
|
what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?
|
[
"what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?"
] |
{
"text": [
"charter would cease to be in force"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106562
|
57262557ec44d21400f3da08
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?
|
why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?
|
[
"why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?"
] |
{
"text": [
"high profits"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106563
|
5726535d708984140094c277
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
Where was the first factory in south India?
|
Where was the first factory in south India?
|
[
"Where was the first factory in south India?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Machilipatnam"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106564
|
5726535d708984140094c278
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?
|
What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?
|
[
"What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?"
] |
{
"text": [
"high profits"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106565
|
5726535d708984140094c279
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
While the company was giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable
|
While the company was giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable
|
[
"While the company was giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable"
] |
{
"text": [
"the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years."
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106566
|
5726535d708984140094c27a
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?
|
how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?
|
[
"how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?"
] |
{
"text": [
"three consecutive years"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106567
|
5a8453fb7cf838001a46a742
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
Where was the worst factory in south India?
|
Where was the worst factory in south India?
|
[
"Where was the worst factory in south India?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106568
|
5a8453fb7cf838001a46a743
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
What period of time was the charter banned for in 1609?
|
What period of time was the charter banned for in 1609?
|
[
"What period of time was the charter banned for in 1609?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106569
|
5a8453fb7cf838001a46a744
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
What would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least eight consecutive years?
|
What would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least eight consecutive years?
|
[
"What would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least eight consecutive years?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106570
|
5a8453fb7cf838001a46a745
|
East_India_Company
|
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
|
Why did King James IX licence other trading companies from England?
|
Why did King James IX licence other trading companies from England?
|
[
"Why did King James IX licence other trading companies from England?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106571
|
57262779271a42140099d5ed
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
when was the bombay trading post established?
|
when was the bombay trading post established?
|
[
"when was the bombay trading post established?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1668"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106572
|
57262779271a42140099d5ee
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?
|
who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?
|
[
"who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?"
] |
{
"text": [
"factor or master merchant and governor"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106573
|
57262779271a42140099d5f0
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
how many employees were in the factories in India?
|
how many employees were in the factories in India?
|
[
"how many employees were in the factories in India?"
] |
{
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
715
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106574
|
57262779271a42140099d5f1
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?
|
what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?
|
[
"what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?"
] |
{
"text": [
"major factories"
],
"answer_start": [
742
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106575
|
572655495951b619008f6fef
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?
|
who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?
|
[
"who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106576
|
572655495951b619008f6ff0
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
by 1647 how many factories did the company have?
|
by 1647 how many factories did the company have?
|
[
"by 1647 how many factories did the company have?"
] |
{
"text": [
"23"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106577
|
572655495951b619008f6ff1
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
the east india company changed how it did business by moving from focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?
|
the east india company changed how it did business by moving from focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?
|
[
"the east india company changed how it did business by moving from focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?"
] |
{
"text": [
"commercial trading operations"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106578
|
572655495951b619008f6ff2
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
when the east india company move to commercial trading what company did they surpass?
|
when the east india company move to commercial trading what company did they surpass?
|
[
"when the east india company move to commercial trading what company did they surpass?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Portuguese Estado da Índia"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106579
|
572655495951b619008f6ff3
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
The top or most important factories had what physical feature in common?
|
The top or most important factories had what physical feature in common?
|
[
"The top or most important factories had what physical feature in common?"
] |
{
"text": [
"walled forts"
],
"answer_start": [
769
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106580
|
5a8455017cf838001a46a754
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
When was the Bombay trading post destroyed?
|
When was the Bombay trading post destroyed?
|
[
"When was the Bombay trading post destroyed?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106581
|
5a8455017cf838001a46a755
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
How many factories did the company lose by 1647?
|
How many factories did the company lose by 1647?
|
[
"How many factories did the company lose by 1647?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106582
|
5a8455017cf838001a46a756
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
Who commanded the factories owned by the North India company?
|
Who commanded the factories owned by the North India company?
|
[
"Who commanded the factories owned by the North India company?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106583
|
5a8455017cf838001a46a757
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
How many fish were in the factories in India?
|
How many fish were in the factories in India?
|
[
"How many fish were in the factories in India?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106584
|
5a8455017cf838001a46a758
|
East_India_Company
|
The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.
|
Who helped join the North India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and German ships?
|
Who helped join the North India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and German ships?
|
[
"Who helped join the North India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and German ships?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106585
|
572629d9ec44d21400f3db29
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?
|
How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?
|
[
"How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The company's mainstay business"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106586
|
572629d9ec44d21400f3db2a
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company
|
Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company
|
[
"Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company"
] |
{
"text": [
"Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106587
|
572629d9ec44d21400f3db2b
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?
|
what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?
|
[
"what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?"
] |
{
"text": [
"ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106588
|
572629d9ec44d21400f3db2c
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
|
what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
|
[
"what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?"
] |
{
"text": [
"1717"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106589
|
572629d9ec44d21400f3db2d
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?
|
who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?
|
[
"who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?"
] |
{
"text": [
"English traders"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106590
|
5726572af1498d1400e8dc7c
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
what region was made available to english traders by the Mughal emperor?
|
what region was made available to english traders by the Mughal emperor?
|
[
"what region was made available to english traders by the Mughal emperor?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Bengal"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106591
|
5726572af1498d1400e8dc7d
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders?
|
in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders?
|
[
"in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders?"
] |
{
"text": [
"waived customs duties"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106592
|
5726572af1498d1400e8dc7e
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
why type of dye was one of the East India company's main products?
|
why type of dye was one of the East India company's main products?
|
[
"why type of dye was one of the East India company's main products?"
] |
{
"text": [
"indigo dye"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106593
|
5726572af1498d1400e8dc7f
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
Who were the main competitors that had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
|
Who were the main competitors that had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
|
[
"Who were the main competitors that had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?"
] |
{
"text": [
"The Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106594
|
5726572af1498d1400e8dc80
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?
|
what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?
|
[
"what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?"
] |
{
"text": [
"Anglo-Dutch Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106595
|
5a8456db7cf838001a46a75e
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
What caused the Greeks to expand their spice trade in the Malaccan straits?
|
What caused the Greeks to expand their spice trade in the Malaccan straits?
|
[
"What caused the Greeks to expand their spice trade in the Malaccan straits?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106596
|
5a8456db7cf838001a46a75f
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
What year did the Mughal emperor strictly require customs duties?
|
What year did the Mughal emperor strictly require customs duties?
|
[
"What year did the Mughal emperor strictly require customs duties?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106597
|
5a8456db7cf838001a46a760
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
What region was made available to black market traders by the Mughal emperor?
|
What region was made available to black market traders by the Mughal emperor?
|
[
"What region was made available to black market traders by the Mughal emperor?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106598
|
5a8456db7cf838001a46a761
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to?
|
Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to?
|
[
"Who did the Mughal emperor forbid hospitality to?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
gem-squad_v2-train-106599
|
5a8456db7cf838001a46a762
|
East_India_Company
|
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
What type of dye was one of the North India company's main products?
|
What type of dye was one of the North India company's main products?
|
[
"What type of dye was one of the North India company's main products?"
] |
{
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.