gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106400 | 5725fbcbec44d21400f3d7c7 | Hellenistic_period | Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situat... | When did the Greek peninsula become a Roman protectorate? | When did the Greek peninsula become a Roman protectorate? | [
"When did the Greek peninsula become a Roman protectorate?"
] | {
"text": [
"146 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
1186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106401 | 5725fc62271a42140099d3a3 | Hellenistic_period | The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled agains... | Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty? | Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty? | [
"Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Attalus III"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106402 | 5725fc62271a42140099d3a4 | Hellenistic_period | The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled agains... | When did Attalus III die? | When did Attalus III die? | [
"When did Attalus III die?"
] | {
"text": [
"133 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106403 | 5725fc62271a42140099d3a5 | Hellenistic_period | The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled agains... | Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic? | Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic? | [
"Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Attalus III"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106404 | 5725fc62271a42140099d3a6 | Hellenistic_period | The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled agains... | In what year was the final Greek resistance? | In what year was the final Greek resistance? | [
"In what year was the final Greek resistance?"
] | {
"text": [
"88 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106405 | 5725fc62271a42140099d3a7 | Hellenistic_period | The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled agains... | Who led the final Greek resistance? | Who led the final Greek resistance? | [
"Who led the final Greek resistance?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mithridates of Pontus"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106406 | 5725fd47ec44d21400f3d7cd | Hellenistic_period | Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egy... | Who tried to invade Egypt in the famous line-in-the-sand incident? | Who tried to invade Egypt in the famous line-in-the-sand incident? | [
"Who tried to invade Egypt in the famous line-in-the-sand incident?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus IV Epiphanes"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106407 | 5725fd47ec44d21400f3d7ce | Hellenistic_period | Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egy... | Which Roman proconsul ablished the Seleucid rump state? | Which Roman proconsul ablished the Seleucid rump state? | [
"Which Roman proconsul ablished the Seleucid rump state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pompey the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106408 | 5725fd47ec44d21400f3d7cf | Hellenistic_period | Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egy... | Who was the last Ptolemaic monarch? | Who was the last Ptolemaic monarch? | [
"Who was the last Ptolemaic monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cleopatra VII"
],
"answer_start": [
907
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106409 | 5725fd47ec44d21400f3d7d0 | Hellenistic_period | Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egy... | At what battle was Mark Anthony defeated? | At what battle was Mark Anthony defeated? | [
"At what battle was Mark Anthony defeated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of Actium"
],
"answer_start": [
928
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106410 | 5725fd47ec44d21400f3d7d1 | Hellenistic_period | Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egy... | What region did Augustus take on as his personal fiefdom? | What region did Augustus take on as his personal fiefdom? | [
"What region did Augustus take on as his personal fiefdom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
963
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106411 | 5725fe4f89a1e219009ac13c | Hellenistic_period | In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tr... | Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture? | Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture? | [
"Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenistic Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106412 | 5725fe4f89a1e219009ac13d | Hellenistic_period | In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tr... | What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation? | What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation? | [
"What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106413 | 5725fe4f89a1e219009ac13e | Hellenistic_period | In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tr... | Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study? | Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study? | [
"Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106414 | 572600a9ec44d21400f3d7f7 | Hellenistic_period | Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volume... | Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education? | Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education? | [
"Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education?"
] | {
"text": [
"Athens"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106415 | 572600a9ec44d21400f3d7f8 | Hellenistic_period | Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volume... | What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes? | What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes? | [
"What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Library of Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106416 | 572600a9ec44d21400f3d7f9 | Hellenistic_period | Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volume... | Which city became a major center of book production? | Which city became a major center of book production? | [
"Which city became a major center of book production?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pergamon"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106417 | 572600a9ec44d21400f3d7fa | Hellenistic_period | Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volume... | What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics? | What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics? | [
"What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rhodes"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106418 | 572600a9ec44d21400f3d7fb | Hellenistic_period | Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volume... | What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris? | What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris? | [
"What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris?"
] | {
"text": [
"Seleucia"
],
"answer_start": [
755
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106419 | 5726015e89a1e219009ac142 | Hellenistic_period | The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military forces. Settlements such as Ai-Khanoum, situated on trade routes, allow... | Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language? | Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language? | [
"Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Attic Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106420 | 5726015e89a1e219009ac143 | Hellenistic_period | The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military forces. Settlements such as Ai-Khanoum, situated on trade routes, allow... | Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca? | Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca? | [
"Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca?"
] | {
"text": [
"Koine"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106421 | 5726015e89a1e219009ac144 | Hellenistic_period | The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military forces. Settlements such as Ai-Khanoum, situated on trade routes, allow... | Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes? | Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes? | [
"Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes?"
] | {
"text": [
"trade"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106422 | 572603a289a1e219009ac152 | Hellenistic_period | The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule ... | The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? | The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? | [
"The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Interpretatio graeca"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106423 | 572603a289a1e219009ac153 | Hellenistic_period | The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule ... | Who wrote the story of Crassus? | Who wrote the story of Crassus? | [
"Who wrote the story of Crassus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Plutarch"
],
"answer_start": [
661
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106424 | 572603a289a1e219009ac154 | Hellenistic_period | The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule ... | Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance? | Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance? | [
"Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Bacchae"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106425 | 572603a289a1e219009ac155 | Hellenistic_period | The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule ... | A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region? | A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region? | [
"A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ai-Khanoum"
],
"answer_start": [
852
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106426 | 5726050338643c19005acf59 | Hellenistic_period | It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures desi... | Who led Hellenization practices by founding new Greek cities and colonies? | Who led Hellenization practices by founding new Greek cities and colonies? | [
"Who led Hellenization practices by founding new Greek cities and colonies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106427 | 5726050338643c19005acf5a | Hellenistic_period | It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures desi... | Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture? | Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture? | [
"Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persian"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106428 | 5726050338643c19005acf5b | Hellenistic_period | It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures desi... | Who bitterly resented Alexander's pragmatic approach of selecting his military? | Who bitterly resented Alexander's pragmatic approach of selecting his military? | [
"Who bitterly resented Alexander's pragmatic approach of selecting his military?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Macedonians"
],
"answer_start": [
1020
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106429 | 5726050338643c19005acf5c | Hellenistic_period | It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures desi... | Alexander suffered from what mental disorder? | Alexander suffered from what mental disorder? | [
"Alexander suffered from what mental disorder?"
] | {
"text": [
"megalomania"
],
"answer_start": [
1176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106430 | 5726069c38643c19005acf61 | Hellenistic_period | Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often fo... | Native populations in the Hellenistic world were discriminated by what peoples? | Native populations in the Hellenistic world were discriminated by what peoples? | [
"Native populations in the Hellenistic world were discriminated by what peoples?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106431 | 5726069c38643c19005acf62 | Hellenistic_period | Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often fo... | Hellinistic Gymnasiums could only be used by whom? | Hellinistic Gymnasiums could only be used by whom? | [
"Hellinistic Gymnasiums could only be used by whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106432 | 5726069c38643c19005acf63 | Hellenistic_period | Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often fo... | What are the areas of concentration from where Greek culture eminates? | What are the areas of concentration from where Greek culture eminates? | [
"What are the areas of concentration from where Greek culture eminates?"
] | {
"text": [
"highly localized"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106433 | 5726069c38643c19005acf64 | Hellenistic_period | Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often fo... | What percent of the Seleucid empire were comprised of native elites? | What percent of the Seleucid empire were comprised of native elites? | [
"What percent of the Seleucid empire were comprised of native elites?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.5"
],
"answer_start": [
1177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106434 | 5726097838643c19005acf69 | Hellenistic_period | Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings... | Menander converted to what religion? | Menander converted to what religion? | [
"Menander converted to what religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106435 | 5726097838643c19005acf6a | Hellenistic_period | Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings... | Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? | Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? | [
"Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century?"
] | {
"text": [
"2nd"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106436 | 5726097838643c19005acf6b | Hellenistic_period | Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings... | Greeks adopted what from local cultures? | Greeks adopted what from local cultures? | [
"Greeks adopted what from local cultures?"
] | {
"text": [
"customs"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106437 | 57260a8e38643c19005acf6f | Hellenistic_period | The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and... | A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what? | A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what? | [
"A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"adopt local ways"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106438 | 57260a8e38643c19005acf70 | Hellenistic_period | The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and... | Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture? | Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture? | [
"Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106439 | 57260a8e38643c19005acf71 | Hellenistic_period | The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and... | Who did Greeks look down upon? | Who did Greeks look down upon? | [
"Who did Greeks look down upon?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106440 | 57260a8e38643c19005acf72 | Hellenistic_period | The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and... | Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language? | Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language? | [
"Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cleopatra VII"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106441 | 57260c2e38643c19005acf81 | Hellenistic_period | In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practic... | What Egyptian god was worshipped in Athens? | What Egyptian god was worshipped in Athens? | [
"What Egyptian god was worshipped in Athens?"
] | {
"text": [
"Isis"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106442 | 57260c2e38643c19005acf82 | Hellenistic_period | In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practic... | Zeus was paired with which local god? | Zeus was paired with which local god? | [
"Zeus was paired with which local god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ammon"
],
"answer_start": [
1163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106443 | 57260c2e38643c19005acf83 | Hellenistic_period | In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practic... | Aphrodite was paired with which local god? | Aphrodite was paired with which local god? | [
"Aphrodite was paired with which local god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hagne"
],
"answer_start": [
1180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106444 | 57260c2e38643c19005acf84 | Hellenistic_period | In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practic... | Isis was paired with what local god? | Isis was paired with what local god? | [
"Isis was paired with what local god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Demeter"
],
"answer_start": [
1220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106445 | 57260d4aec44d21400f3d84f | Hellenistic_period | The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had th... | What practice did the Ptolemies adopt in which they dubbed themselves god-kings? | What practice did the Ptolemies adopt in which they dubbed themselves god-kings? | [
"What practice did the Ptolemies adopt in which they dubbed themselves god-kings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pharaonic"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106446 | 57260d4aec44d21400f3d850 | Hellenistic_period | The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had th... | What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods? | What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods? | [
"What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods?"
] | {
"text": [
"isotheism"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106447 | 57260d4aec44d21400f3d851 | Hellenistic_period | The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had th... | A long lived cult in Erythrae worshiped which dead leader? | A long lived cult in Erythrae worshiped which dead leader? | [
"A long lived cult in Erythrae worshiped which dead leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106448 | 57260d4aec44d21400f3d852 | Hellenistic_period | The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had th... | Where was Alexander's tomb located? | Where was Alexander's tomb located? | [
"Where was Alexander's tomb located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
831
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106449 | 57260e5b271a42140099d405 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity an... | The Hellinistic age marked the rise in what type of religion? | The Hellinistic age marked the rise in what type of religion? | [
"The Hellinistic age marked the rise in what type of religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106450 | 57260e5b271a42140099d406 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity an... | Who declared the centrality of humanity and agnosticism? | Who declared the centrality of humanity and agnosticism? | [
"Who declared the centrality of humanity and agnosticism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sophists"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106451 | 57260e5b271a42140099d407 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity an... | What is the view "that the gods were simply ancient kings and heroes" called? | What is the view "that the gods were simply ancient kings and heroes" called? | [
"What is the view \"that the gods were simply ancient kings and heroes\" called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euhemerism"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106452 | 57260e5b271a42140099d408 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity an... | Who thought that gods were distant and uninterested? | Who thought that gods were distant and uninterested? | [
"Who thought that gods were distant and uninterested?"
] | {
"text": [
"Epicurus"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106453 | 57260e5b271a42140099d409 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity an... | Rulers brought the concept of divinity to where? | Rulers brought the concept of divinity to where? | [
"Rulers brought the concept of divinity to where?"
] | {
"text": [
"down to earth"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106454 | 57260f65ec44d21400f3d875 | Hellenistic_period | Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's char... | How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times? | How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times? | [
"How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times?"
] | {
"text": [
"charms"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106455 | 57260f65ec44d21400f3d876 | Hellenistic_period | Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's char... | What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality? | What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality? | [
"What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality?"
] | {
"text": [
"astrology"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106456 | 57260f65ec44d21400f3d877 | Hellenistic_period | Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's char... | Astrology was associated with which cult? | Astrology was associated with which cult? | [
"Astrology was associated with which cult?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tyche"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106457 | 57260f65ec44d21400f3d878 | Hellenistic_period | Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's char... | What does Tyche mean? | What does Tyche mean? | [
"What does Tyche mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"luck"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106458 | 57260f65ec44d21400f3d879 | Hellenistic_period | Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's char... | What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times? | What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times? | [
"What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times?"
] | {
"text": [
"grew"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106459 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c2 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work? | Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work? | [
"Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Comedy"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106460 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c3 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | What is the only play that remains in it's entirety from the New Comedy era? | What is the only play that remains in it's entirety from the New Comedy era? | [
"What is the only play that remains in it's entirety from the New Comedy era?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dyskolos"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106461 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c4 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors? | What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors? | [
"What is the name of the collection that holds fragments of works from 150 authors?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Supplementum Hellenisticum"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106462 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c5 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | What two years are debated as the date in which Menander was born? | What two years are debated as the date in which Menander was born? | [
"What two years are debated as the date in which Menander was born?"
] | {
"text": [
"342/1 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106463 | 572611c4ec44d21400f3d87f | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equat... | Who did Hellenistic poets wish to court? | Who did Hellenistic poets wish to court? | [
"Who did Hellenistic poets wish to court?"
] | {
"text": [
"kings"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106464 | 572611c4ec44d21400f3d880 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equat... | Who wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo? | Who wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo? | [
"Who wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Callimachus"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106465 | 572611c4ec44d21400f3d881 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equat... | Who said "Big book, big evil"? | Who said "Big book, big evil"? | [
"Who said \"Big book, big evil\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Callimachus"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106466 | 572611c4ec44d21400f3d882 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equat... | What was the name of Callimachus' catalog at the library of Alexandria? | What was the name of Callimachus' catalog at the library of Alexandria? | [
"What was the name of Callimachus' catalog at the library of Alexandria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pinakes"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106467 | 572611c4ec44d21400f3d883 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equat... | Who wrote Argonautica? | Who wrote Argonautica? | [
"Who wrote Argonautica?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apollonius of Rhodes"
],
"answer_start": [
720
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106468 | 5726128fec44d21400f3d889 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, many different schools of thought developed. Athens, with its multiple philosophical schools, continued to remain the center of philosophical thought. However Athens had now lost her political freedom and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period. In this politic... | What city remained the center of philosophical thought? | What city remained the center of philosophical thought? | [
"What city remained the center of philosophical thought?"
] | {
"text": [
"Athens"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106469 | 5726128fec44d21400f3d88a | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, many different schools of thought developed. Athens, with its multiple philosophical schools, continued to remain the center of philosophical thought. However Athens had now lost her political freedom and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period. In this politic... | What does ataraxia mean? | What does ataraxia mean? | [
"What does ataraxia mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"un-disturbedness"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106470 | 5726128fec44d21400f3d88b | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, many different schools of thought developed. Athens, with its multiple philosophical schools, continued to remain the center of philosophical thought. However Athens had now lost her political freedom and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period. In this politic... | What does autarky mean? | What does autarky mean? | [
"What does autarky mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"self-sufficiency"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106471 | 5726128fec44d21400f3d88c | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, many different schools of thought developed. Athens, with its multiple philosophical schools, continued to remain the center of philosophical thought. However Athens had now lost her political freedom and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period. In this politic... | What does apatheia mean? | What does apatheia mean? | [
"What does apatheia mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"freedom from suffering"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106472 | 57261589ec44d21400f3d89b | Hellenistic_period | The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service, which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself, the defining institution of the Greek world. Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal. Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material po... | Who promoted freedom from pain as the ultimate goal? | Who promoted freedom from pain as the ultimate goal? | [
"Who promoted freedom from pain as the ultimate goal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Epicurus"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106473 | 57261589ec44d21400f3d89c | Hellenistic_period | The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service, which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself, the defining institution of the Greek world. Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal. Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material po... | Who said social norms and material possesions were unnatural and useless? | Who said social norms and material possesions were unnatural and useless? | [
"Who said social norms and material possesions were unnatural and useless?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diogenes of Sinope"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106474 | 57261589ec44d21400f3d89d | Hellenistic_period | The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service, which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself, the defining institution of the Greek world. Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal. Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material po... | Which group embraced hedonism? | Which group embraced hedonism? | [
"Which group embraced hedonism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cyrenaics"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106475 | 57261589ec44d21400f3d89e | Hellenistic_period | The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service, which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself, the defining institution of the Greek world. Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal. Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material po... | Who founded Stoicism? | Who founded Stoicism? | [
"Who founded Stoicism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zeno of Citium"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106476 | 57261589ec44d21400f3d89f | Hellenistic_period | The Epicureans and the Cynics rejected public offices and civic service, which amounted to a rejection of the polis itself, the defining institution of the Greek world. Epicurus promoted atomism and an asceticism based on freedom from pain as its ultimate goal. Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material po... | Who rejected Academic Skepticism in favor of Neoplatonism? | Who rejected Academic Skepticism in favor of Neoplatonism? | [
"Who rejected Academic Skepticism in favor of Neoplatonism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus of Ascalon"
],
"answer_start": [
999
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106477 | 5726166d89a1e219009ac22c | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture produced seats of learning throughout the Mediterranean. Hellenistic science differed from Greek science in at least two ways: first, it benefited from the cross-fertilization of Greek ideas with those that had developed in the larger Hellenistic world; secondly, to some extent, it was supported by ... | The Royal patrons of Alexander's successors supported what type of science? | The Royal patrons of Alexander's successors supported what type of science? | [
"The Royal patrons of Alexander's successors supported what type of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenistic"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106478 | 5726166d89a1e219009ac22d | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture produced seats of learning throughout the Mediterranean. Hellenistic science differed from Greek science in at least two ways: first, it benefited from the cross-fertilization of Greek ideas with those that had developed in the larger Hellenistic world; secondly, to some extent, it was supported by ... | What city was especially important to Hellinistic science? | What city was especially important to Hellinistic science? | [
"What city was especially important to Hellinistic science?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106479 | 5726166d89a1e219009ac22e | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture produced seats of learning throughout the Mediterranean. Hellenistic science differed from Greek science in at least two ways: first, it benefited from the cross-fertilization of Greek ideas with those that had developed in the larger Hellenistic world; secondly, to some extent, it was supported by ... | What century did Alexandria become scientific research hub? | What century did Alexandria become scientific research hub? | [
"What century did Alexandria become scientific research hub?"
] | {
"text": [
"3rd"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106480 | 5726172c89a1e219009ac23c | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c.β287 β 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c.β262 β c.β190 BC), and Euclid (c.β325 β 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T... | When did Archimedes die? | When did Archimedes die? | [
"When did Archimedes die?"
] | {
"text": [
"212 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106481 | 5726172c89a1e219009ac23d | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c.β287 β 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c.β262 β c.β190 BC), and Euclid (c.β325 β 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T... | When was Euclid born? | When was Euclid born? | [
"When was Euclid born?"
] | {
"text": [
"325"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106482 | 5726172c89a1e219009ac23e | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c.β287 β 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c.β262 β c.β190 BC), and Euclid (c.β325 β 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T... | Who worked on the five Platonic solids? | Who worked on the five Platonic solids? | [
"Who worked on the five Platonic solids?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euclid"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106483 | 5726172c89a1e219009ac23f | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c.β287 β 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c.β262 β c.β190 BC), and Euclid (c.β325 β 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T... | Who measured the circumference of the Earth? | Who measured the circumference of the Earth? | [
"Who measured the circumference of the Earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eratosthenes"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106484 | 5726172c89a1e219009ac240 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c.β287 β 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c.β262 β c.β190 BC), and Euclid (c.β325 β 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean T... | Who was the Father of Geomtery? | Who was the Father of Geomtery? | [
"Who was the Father of Geomtery?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eratosthenes"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106485 | 572617dfec44d21400f3d8b9 | Hellenistic_period | Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.β190 β c.β120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi... | When was Hipparchus born? | When was Hipparchus born? | [
"When was Hipparchus born?"
] | {
"text": [
"190"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106486 | 572617dfec44d21400f3d8ba | Hellenistic_period | Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.β190 β c.β120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi... | Hipparchus measured the precession of what? | Hipparchus measured the precession of what? | [
"Hipparchus measured the precession of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Earth"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106487 | 572617dfec44d21400f3d8bb | Hellenistic_period | Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.β190 β c.β120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi... | Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map? | Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map? | [
"Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pliny"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106488 | 572617dfec44d21400f3d8bc | Hellenistic_period | Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.β190 β c.β120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi... | Hipparchus' star may be depicted in a statue called what? | Hipparchus' star may be depicted in a statue called what? | [
"Hipparchus' star may be depicted in a statue called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Farnese Atlas"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106489 | 572617dfec44d21400f3d8bd | Hellenistic_period | Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.β190 β c.β120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi... | Whch astronomer developed a heliocentric system? | Whch astronomer developed a heliocentric system? | [
"Whch astronomer developed a heliocentric system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aristarchos of Samos"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106490 | 572618d0ec44d21400f3d8c3 | Hellenistic_period | The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150β100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been l... | What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon? | What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon? | [
"What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antikythera mechanism"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106491 | 572618d0ec44d21400f3d8c4 | Hellenistic_period | The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150β100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been l... | Until what century were similar devices like the Antikythera mechanism found? | Until what century were similar devices like the Antikythera mechanism found? | [
"Until what century were similar devices like the Antikythera mechanism found?"
] | {
"text": [
"10th"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106492 | 572618d0ec44d21400f3d8c5 | Hellenistic_period | The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150β100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been l... | What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism? | What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism? | [
"What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Al-Biruni"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106493 | 572618d0ec44d21400f3d8c6 | Hellenistic_period | The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150β100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been l... | What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created? | What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created? | [
"What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created?"
] | {
"text": [
"150β100 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106494 | 57261a8e38643c19005acff3 | Hellenistic_period | Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335β280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous... | Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins? | Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins? | [
"Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins?"
] | {
"text": [
"Praxagoras of Kos"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106495 | 57261a8e38643c19005acff4 | Hellenistic_period | Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335β280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous... | Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers? | Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers? | [
"Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herophilos"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106496 | 57261a8e38643c19005acff5 | Hellenistic_period | Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335β280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous... | Which school of medicine was based on strict observation? | Which school of medicine was based on strict observation? | [
"Which school of medicine was based on strict observation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Empiric"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106497 | 57261a8e38643c19005acff6 | Hellenistic_period | Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335β280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous... | Who was the first to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system? | Who was the first to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system? | [
"Who was the first to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herophilos"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106498 | 57261be989a1e219009ac278 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being lar... | Philip II used a dense military formation called what? | Philip II used a dense military formation called what? | [
"Philip II used a dense military formation called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Macedonian Phalanx"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106499 | 57261be989a1e219009ac279 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being lar... | Were Hellenistic armies smaller or larger than traditional Greek armies? | Were Hellenistic armies smaller or larger than traditional Greek armies? | [
"Were Hellenistic armies smaller or larger than traditional Greek armies?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
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