gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106300 | 5725df1cec44d21400f3d704 | Hellenistic_period | Orontid Armenia formally passed to empire of Alexander the Great following his conquest of Persia. Alexander appointed an Orontid named Mithranes to govern Armenia. Armenia later became a vassal state of the Seleucid Empire, but it maintained a considerable degree of autonomy, retaining its native rulers. Towards the e... | What year did Armenia split into Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene? | What year did Armenia split into Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene? | [
"What year did Armenia split into Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene?"
] | {
"text": [
"212 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106301 | 5725df1cec44d21400f3d705 | Hellenistic_period | Orontid Armenia formally passed to empire of Alexander the Great following his conquest of Persia. Alexander appointed an Orontid named Mithranes to govern Armenia. Armenia later became a vassal state of the Seleucid Empire, but it maintained a considerable degree of autonomy, retaining its native rulers. Towards the e... | Who attacked Armenia when they became too distant from Seleucid rule? | Who attacked Armenia when they became too distant from Seleucid rule? | [
"Who attacked Armenia when they became too distant from Seleucid rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus III the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106302 | 5725e29c271a42140099d2e1 | Hellenistic_period | After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic... | When did the Seleucid defeat the Battle of Magnesia? | When did the Seleucid defeat the Battle of Magnesia? | [
"When did the Seleucid defeat the Battle of Magnesia?"
] | {
"text": [
"190 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106303 | 5725e29c271a42140099d2e2 | Hellenistic_period | After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic... | Who was the first king of Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia? | Who was the first king of Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia? | [
"Who was the first king of Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Artaxias"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106304 | 5725e29c271a42140099d2e3 | Hellenistic_period | After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic... | Artaxian coins called some Armenian kings what? | Artaxian coins called some Armenian kings what? | [
"Artaxian coins called some Armenian kings what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philhellenes"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106305 | 5725e29c271a42140099d2e4 | Hellenistic_period | After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic... | What years did Tigranes the Great reign? | What years did Tigranes the Great reign? | [
"What years did Tigranes the Great reign?"
] | {
"text": [
"95–55 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106306 | 5725e29c271a42140099d2e5 | Hellenistic_period | After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic... | Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies? | Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies? | [
"Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Artavasdes II"
],
"answer_start": [
980
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106307 | 5725e38bec44d21400f3d70b | Hellenistic_period | Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, pr... | When did Andragoras proclaim his independence? | When did Andragoras proclaim his independence? | [
"When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"247 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106308 | 5725e38bec44d21400f3d70c | Hellenistic_period | Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, pr... | When did Andragoras' reign end? | When did Andragoras' reign end? | [
"When did Andragoras' reign end?"
] | {
"text": [
"238 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106309 | 5725e38bec44d21400f3d70d | Hellenistic_period | Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, pr... | Who killed Andragoras? | Who killed Andragoras? | [
"Who killed Andragoras?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arsaces"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106310 | 5725e38bec44d21400f3d70e | Hellenistic_period | Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, pr... | What tribe was Arsaces the leader of? | What tribe was Arsaces the leader of? | [
"What tribe was Arsaces the leader of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parni"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106311 | 5725e38bec44d21400f3d70f | Hellenistic_period | Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, pr... | When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II? | When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II? | [
"When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II?"
] | {
"text": [
"209 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106312 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05a | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance? | The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance? | [
"The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus VII Sidetes"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106313 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05b | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army? | Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army? | [
"Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parthian"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106314 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05c | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars? | What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars? | [
"What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars?"
] | {
"text": [
"66 BC – 217 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106315 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05d | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | What was the currency in the Parthian Empire? | What was the currency in the Parthian Empire? | [
"What was the currency in the Parthian Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek drachmas"
],
"answer_start": [
728
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106316 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05e | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities? | The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities? | [
"The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106317 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2eb | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula? | What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula? | [
"What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nabatean Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106318 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2ec | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom? | What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom? | [
"What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Petra"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106319 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2ed | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids? | Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids? | [
"Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hasmoneans"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106320 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2ee | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? | Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? | [
"Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aretas III Philhellene"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106321 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2ef | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign? | What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign? | [
"What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign?"
] | {
"text": [
"1st"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106322 | 5725e72a271a42140099d2f5 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Isra... | What are was in between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt during Hellenistic times? | What are was in between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt during Hellenistic times? | [
"What are was in between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt during Hellenistic times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Judea"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106323 | 5725e72a271a42140099d2f6 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Isra... | Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period? | Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period? | [
"Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period?"
] | {
"text": [
"High Priest of Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106324 | 5725e72a271a42140099d2f7 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Isra... | What religion rose in Judea durring the Hellenistic period? | What religion rose in Judea durring the Hellenistic period? | [
"What religion rose in Judea durring the Hellenistic period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Judaism"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106325 | 5725e72a271a42140099d2f8 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Isra... | Hellenistic Judaism was developed in Alexandria and what other region? | Hellenistic Judaism was developed in Alexandria and what other region? | [
"Hellenistic Judaism was developed in Alexandria and what other region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antioch"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106326 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07c | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | What was the Jewish elite class called? | What was the Jewish elite class called? | [
"What was the Jewish elite class called?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Tobiads"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106327 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07d | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader? | Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader? | [
"Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus III"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106328 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07e | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III? | When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III? | [
"When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III?"
] | {
"text": [
"198"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106329 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07f | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah? | What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah? | [
"What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus"
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106330 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac080 | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | [
"What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?"
] | {
"text": [
"174–135 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
852
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106331 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6b | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | [
"What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hasmonaean Dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106332 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6c | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist? | What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist? | [
"What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"165 BCE to 63 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106333 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6d | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | Who was the last Hasmonean ruler? | Who was the last Hasmonean ruler? | [
"Who was the last Hasmonean ruler?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antigonus II Mattathias"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106334 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6e | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | Who was Antigonus II Mattathias captured by? | Who was Antigonus II Mattathias captured by? | [
"Who was Antigonus II Mattathias captured by?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herod"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106335 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6f | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | When was Antigonus II Mattathias executed? | When was Antigonus II Mattathias executed? | [
"When was Antigonus II Mattathias executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"37 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106336 | 5725ea4038643c19005ace75 | Hellenistic_period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical ... | Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE? | Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE? | [
"Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diodotus"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106337 | 5725ea4038643c19005ace76 | Hellenistic_period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical ... | When was Diodotus II overthrown? | When was Diodotus II overthrown? | [
"When was Diodotus II overthrown?"
] | {
"text": [
"230 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106338 | 5725ea4038643c19005ace77 | Hellenistic_period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical ... | What leader overthrew Diodotus II? | What leader overthrew Diodotus II? | [
"What leader overthrew Diodotus II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euthydemus"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106339 | 5725ea4038643c19005ace78 | Hellenistic_period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical ... | The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader? | The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader? | [
"The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus III"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106340 | 5725ea4038643c19005ace79 | Hellenistic_period | The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical ... | Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son? | Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son? | [
"Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son?"
] | {
"text": [
"Euthydemus"
],
"answer_start": [
815
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106341 | 5725ebb089a1e219009ac0a6 | Hellenistic_period | According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded ... | Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road? | Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road? | [
"Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road?"
] | {
"text": [
"Strabo"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106342 | 5725ebb089a1e219009ac0a7 | Hellenistic_period | According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded ... | When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India? | When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India? | [
"When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India?"
] | {
"text": [
"180 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106343 | 5725ebb089a1e219009ac0a8 | Hellenistic_period | According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded ... | Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history? | Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history? | [
"Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history?"
] | {
"text": [
"Demetrius"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106344 | 5725ebb089a1e219009ac0a9 | Hellenistic_period | According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded ... | Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria? | Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria? | [
"Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heliocles"
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106345 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75b | Hellenistic_period | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | Who was the first Indo-Greek king who did not rule from Bactria? | Who was the first Indo-Greek king who did not rule from Bactria? | [
"Who was the first Indo-Greek king who did not rule from Bactria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apollodotus I"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106346 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75c | Hellenistic_period | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I? | Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I? | [
"Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antimachus II"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106347 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75d | Hellenistic_period | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | Who succeeded Antimachus II? | Who succeeded Antimachus II? | [
"Who succeeded Antimachus II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Menander I"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106348 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75e | Hellenistic_period | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | What religion did Menander I convert to? | What religion did Menander I convert to? | [
"What religion did Menander I convert to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106349 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75f | Hellenistic_period | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts? | What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts? | [
"What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Milinda"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106350 | 5725ed9a89a1e219009ac0b8 | Hellenistic_period | After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were l... | When did Menander die? | When did Menander die? | [
"When did Menander die?"
] | {
"text": [
"130 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106351 | 5725ed9a89a1e219009ac0b9 | Hellenistic_period | After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were l... | What kingdom forced the Indo-Greek kingdom to the east? | What kingdom forced the Indo-Greek kingdom to the east? | [
"What kingdom forced the Indo-Greek kingdom to the east?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indo-Scythian"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106352 | 5725ed9a89a1e219009ac0ba | Hellenistic_period | After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were l... | Around 70 BC, Arachosia and what other region where taken over by tribal invasion? | Around 70 BC, Arachosia and what other region where taken over by tribal invasion? | [
"Around 70 BC, Arachosia and what other region where taken over by tribal invasion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paropamisadae"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106353 | 5726298fec44d21400f3db09 | Hellenistic_period | After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions. This inevitably weakened the Greek position, and territory seems to have been lost progressively. Around 70 BC, the western regions of Arachosia and Paropamisadae were l... | I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. | I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. | [
"I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit. "
] | {
"text": [
"in"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106354 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d765 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean? | What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean? | [
"What does \"sarvajnaa yavanaa\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"the all-knowing Yavanas"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106355 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d766 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."? | Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."? | [
"Who said \"The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so.\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Mahabharata"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106356 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d767 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita? | Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita? | [
"Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?"
] | {
"text": [
"Varahamihira"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106357 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d768 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." | Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." | [
"Who said \"The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy.\""
] | {
"text": [
"The Mahabharata"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106358 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d769 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...." | Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...." | [
"Who said \"The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....\""
] | {
"text": [
"Varahamihira"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106359 | 5725f11838643c19005acee1 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture was at its height of world influence in the Hellenistic period. Hellenism or at least Philhellenism reached most regions on the frontiers of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Though some of these regions were not ruled by Greeks or even Greek speaking elites, certain Hellenistic influences can be seen in th... | What period was Hellenistic culture at it's height? | What period was Hellenistic culture at it's height? | [
"What period was Hellenistic culture at it's height?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenistic"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106360 | 5725f11838643c19005acee2 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture was at its height of world influence in the Hellenistic period. Hellenism or at least Philhellenism reached most regions on the frontiers of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Though some of these regions were not ruled by Greeks or even Greek speaking elites, certain Hellenistic influences can be seen in th... | Even though some regions were not ruled by Greeks, they still were influenced by which culture? | Even though some regions were not ruled by Greeks, they still were influenced by which culture? | [
"Even though some regions were not ruled by Greeks, they still were influenced by which culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenistic"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106361 | 5725f11838643c19005acee3 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic culture was at its height of world influence in the Hellenistic period. Hellenism or at least Philhellenism reached most regions on the frontiers of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Though some of these regions were not ruled by Greeks or even Greek speaking elites, certain Hellenistic influences can be seen in th... | Hellenism or Philhellenism reached the frontiers of what kingdom? | Hellenism or Philhellenism reached the frontiers of what kingdom? | [
"Hellenism or Philhellenism reached the frontiers of what kingdom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenistic"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106362 | 5725f28989a1e219009ac0de | Hellenistic_period | Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE).... | Before Hellenestic influence, Greek colonies were on the shores of the Taman and what other peninsula? | Before Hellenestic influence, Greek colonies were on the shores of the Taman and what other peninsula? | [
"Before Hellenestic influence, Greek colonies were on the shores of the Taman and what other peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [
"Crimean"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106363 | 5725f28989a1e219009ac0df | Hellenistic_period | Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE).... | What kingdom under the Spartocid dynasty consisted of Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians? | What kingdom under the Spartocid dynasty consisted of Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians? | [
"What kingdom under the Spartocid dynasty consisted of Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bosporan"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106364 | 5725f28989a1e219009ac0e0 | Hellenistic_period | Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE).... | Which Scythian people with the Bosporans have strong trade contacts with? | Which Scythian people with the Bosporans have strong trade contacts with? | [
"Which Scythian people with the Bosporans have strong trade contacts with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pontic-Caspian steppe"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106365 | 5725f28989a1e219009ac0e1 | Hellenistic_period | Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE).... | From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture? | From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture? | [
"From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greeks of Bactria"
],
"answer_start": [
905
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106366 | 5725f28989a1e219009ac0e2 | Hellenistic_period | Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE).... | Hellenized Scythians were known as? | Hellenized Scythians were known as? | [
"Hellenized Scythians were known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"young Scythians"
],
"answer_start": [
1223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106367 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d781 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | What did the Greeks call Bahrain? | What did the Greeks call Bahrain? | [
"What did the Greeks call Bahrain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tylos"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106368 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d782 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | Where was the central point of pearl trading? | Where was the central point of pearl trading? | [
"Where was the central point of pearl trading?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bahrain"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106369 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d783 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain? | Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain? | [
"Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nearchus"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106370 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d784 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist? | Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist? | [
"Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106371 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d785 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? | Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? | [
"Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shams"
],
"answer_start": [
815
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106372 | 5725f4d2271a42140099d367 | Hellenistic_period | Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the ... | Carthage was on the coast of what country? | Carthage was on the coast of what country? | [
"Carthage was on the coast of what country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tunisia"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106373 | 5725f4d2271a42140099d368 | Hellenistic_period | Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the ... | What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture? | What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture? | [
"What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"military"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106374 | 5725f4d2271a42140099d369 | Hellenistic_period | Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the ... | Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE? | Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE? | [
"Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mago I of Carthage"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106375 | 5725f4d2271a42140099d36a | Hellenistic_period | Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the ... | What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military? | What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military? | [
"What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military?"
] | {
"text": [
"phalanx"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106376 | 5725f4d2271a42140099d36b | Hellenistic_period | Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the ... | What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military? | What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military? | [
"What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?"
] | {
"text": [
"Xanthippus of Carthage"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106377 | 5725f57eec44d21400f3d78b | Hellenistic_period | Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired ... | Rome dominated what peninsula? | Rome dominated what peninsula? | [
"Rome dominated what peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106378 | 5725f57eec44d21400f3d78c | Hellenistic_period | Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired ... | Greek cities were absorbed by what republic? | Greek cities were absorbed by what republic? | [
"Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106379 | 5725f57eec44d21400f3d78d | Hellenistic_period | Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired ... | Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war? | Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war? | [
"Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Punic War"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106380 | 5725f57eec44d21400f3d78e | Hellenistic_period | Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired ... | Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war? | Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war? | [
"Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
804
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106381 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d793 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire? | Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire? | [
"Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106382 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d794 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos? | What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos? | [
"What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philip V"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106383 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d795 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae? | Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae? | [
"Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106384 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d796 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | When was the Battle of Cannae? | When was the Battle of Cannae? | [
"When was the Battle of Cannae?"
] | {
"text": [
"216 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106385 | 5725f659ec44d21400f3d797 | Hellenistic_period | Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome)... | In what war was the Battle of Cannae? | In what war was the Battle of Cannae? | [
"In what war was the Battle of Cannae?"
] | {
"text": [
"Second Punic War"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106386 | 5725f776ec44d21400f3d79d | Hellenistic_period | Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Roma... | In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war? | In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war? | [
"In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Balkans"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106387 | 5725f776ec44d21400f3d79e | Hellenistic_period | Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Roma... | Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War? | Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War? | [
"Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philip"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106388 | 5725f776ec44d21400f3d79f | Hellenistic_period | Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Roma... | What year did the Second Macedonian War begin? | What year did the Second Macedonian War begin? | [
"What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"200 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106389 | 5725f776ec44d21400f3d7a0 | Hellenistic_period | Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Roma... | What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War? | What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War? | [
"What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of Cynoscephalae"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106390 | 5725f776ec44d21400f3d7a1 | Hellenistic_period | Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Roma... | What empire won the Second Macedonian War? | What empire won the Second Macedonian War? | [
"What empire won the Second Macedonian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106391 | 5725fa9c38643c19005acf35 | Hellenistic_period | As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Pt... | Antiochus III allied with what king in 203 BC? | Antiochus III allied with what king in 203 BC? | [
"Antiochus III allied with what king in 203 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philip V"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106392 | 5725fa9c38643c19005acf36 | Hellenistic_period | As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Pt... | Who defeated Ptolemy? | Who defeated Ptolemy? | [
"Who defeated Ptolemy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106393 | 5725fa9c38643c19005acf37 | Hellenistic_period | As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Pt... | In what war was Ptolemy defeated? | In what war was Ptolemy defeated? | [
"In what war was Ptolemy defeated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fifth Syrian War"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106394 | 5725fa9c38643c19005acf38 | Hellenistic_period | As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Pt... | What war bgean when Antiochus III invaded Greece? | What war bgean when Antiochus III invaded Greece? | [
"What war bgean when Antiochus III invaded Greece?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman-Syrian War"
],
"answer_start": [
905
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106395 | 5725fa9c38643c19005acf39 | Hellenistic_period | As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Pt... | What years did the Roman-Syrian war take place? | What years did the Roman-Syrian war take place? | [
"What years did the Roman-Syrian war take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"192–188 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
923
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106396 | 5725fbcbec44d21400f3d7c3 | Hellenistic_period | Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situat... | What was the name of Philip V's son who wanted to bring back Greek independence? | What was the name of Philip V's son who wanted to bring back Greek independence? | [
"What was the name of Philip V's son who wanted to bring back Greek independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Perseus"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106397 | 5725fbcbec44d21400f3d7c4 | Hellenistic_period | Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situat... | Perseus fought the Romans in what war? | Perseus fought the Romans in what war? | [
"Perseus fought the Romans in what war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Third Macedonian War"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106398 | 5725fbcbec44d21400f3d7c5 | Hellenistic_period | Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situat... | When was Macedonia annexed by the Romans? | When was Macedonia annexed by the Romans? | [
"When was Macedonia annexed by the Romans?"
] | {
"text": [
"146 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
748
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106399 | 5725fbcbec44d21400f3d7c6 | Hellenistic_period | Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situat... | Which Roman consul defeated the Greeks at Corinth? | Which Roman consul defeated the Greeks at Corinth? | [
"Which Roman consul defeated the Greeks at Corinth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lucius Mummius"
],
"answer_start": [
1077
]
} |
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