gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-109000 | 5726e7725951b619008f81ed | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | How does literature unite members of a society? | How does literature unite members of a society? | [
"How does literature unite members of a society?"
] | {
"text": [
"by provoking universal emotions"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109001 | 5726e7725951b619008f81ee | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | How does literature expand the horizons of its readers? | How does literature expand the horizons of its readers? | [
"How does literature expand the horizons of its readers?"
] | {
"text": [
"allows readers to access cultural aspects that they are not exposed to"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109002 | 5726e7725951b619008f81ef | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas? | What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas? | [
"What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas?"
] | {
"text": [
"what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109003 | 5726e7725951b619008f81f0 | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion? | What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion? | [
"What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion?"
] | {
"text": [
"literary devices"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109004 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9b | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation? | Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation? | [
"Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109005 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9c | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | How does literature unite small communities? | How does literature unite small communities? | [
"How does literature unite small communities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109006 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9d | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences? | What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences? | [
"What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109007 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9e | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | Authors choose literary devices based on what philosophical emotion they are trying to what? | Authors choose literary devices based on what philosophical emotion they are trying to what? | [
"Authors choose literary devices based on what philosophical emotion they are trying to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109008 | 5a7e5f2348f7d9001a063677 | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | Who explains that literature is a valid study of emotion because it unites a large community? | Who explains that literature is a valid study of emotion because it unites a large community? | [
"Who explains that literature is a valid study of emotion because it unites a large community?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109009 | 5a7e5f2348f7d9001a063678 | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | What do characters choose literary device according to? | What do characters choose literary device according to? | [
"What do characters choose literary device according to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109010 | 5a7e5f2348f7d9001a063679 | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others? | In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others? | [
"In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109011 | 5726ea42708984140094d5c1 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who conceived of "The Third Force Psychology Theory?" | Who conceived of "The Third Force Psychology Theory?" | [
"Who conceived of \"The Third Force Psychology Theory?\""
] | {
"text": [
"Maslow"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109012 | 5726ea42708984140094d5c2 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what? | The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what? | [
"The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self”"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109013 | 5726ea42708984140094d5c3 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what? | The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what? | [
"The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the reason for living"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109014 | 5726ea42708984140094d5c4 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"? | What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"? | [
"What causes a person to become separated from their \"true self\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"neurological development"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109015 | 5726ea42708984140094d5c5 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?" | What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?" | [
"What author espoused the theory of the \"pristine unconscious?\""
] | {
"text": [
"D.H Lawrence"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109016 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba4 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who came up with the "Fourth Force Psychology Theory?' | Who came up with the "Fourth Force Psychology Theory?' | [
"Who came up with the \"Fourth Force Psychology Theory?'"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109017 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba5 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What does the Law suggest about human beings? | What does the Law suggest about human beings? | [
"What does the Law suggest about human beings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109018 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba6 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who says that D.H. Lawrence's "pristine unconscious" is a metaphor for the fake self?" | Who says that D.H. Lawrence's "pristine unconscious" is a metaphor for the fake self?" | [
"Who says that D.H. Lawrence's \"pristine unconscious\" is a metaphor for the fake self?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109019 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba7 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | It is said that literature is not a reputable tool to allow readers to do what? | It is said that literature is not a reputable tool to allow readers to do what? | [
"It is said that literature is not a reputable tool to allow readers to do what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109020 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba8 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who is responsible for "Fourth Force Psychology and the Study of Literature?" | Who is responsible for "Fourth Force Psychology and the Study of Literature?" | [
"Who is responsible for \"Fourth Force Psychology and the Study of Literature?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109021 | 5a7e634b48f7d9001a063697 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who wrote "Third Force Theory?" | Who wrote "Third Force Theory?" | [
"Who wrote \"Third Force Theory?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109022 | 5a7e634b48f7d9001a063698 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | Who wrote "Third Force Psychology Theory and the Study of Literature?" | Who wrote "Third Force Psychology Theory and the Study of Literature?" | [
"Who wrote \"Third Force Psychology Theory and the Study of Literature?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109023 | 5a7e634b48f7d9001a063699 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What does literature as a critical tool allow readers to do? | What does literature as a critical tool allow readers to do? | [
"What does literature as a critical tool allow readers to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109024 | 5a7e634b48f7d9001a06369a | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What does the theory suggest characters possess? | What does the theory suggest characters possess? | [
"What does the theory suggest characters possess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109025 | 5726ebab708984140094d5fd | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | What is literary historical writing sometimes called? | What is literary historical writing sometimes called? | [
"What is literary historical writing sometimes called?"
] | {
"text": [
"creative nonfiction"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109026 | 5726ebab708984140094d5fe | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what? | Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what? | [
"Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"literary journalism"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109027 | 5726ebab708984140094d5ff | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation? | What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation? | [
"What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation?"
] | {
"text": [
"to record data or convey immediate information"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109028 | 5726ebab708984140094d600 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians? | Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians? | [
"Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109029 | 5a7a5c0521c2de001afe9bae | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | A small portion of historical writings are considered what? | A small portion of historical writings are considered what? | [
"A small portion of historical writings are considered what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109030 | 5a7a5c0521c2de001afe9baf | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | What genres of modern writing rank as literature? | What genres of modern writing rank as literature? | [
"What genres of modern writing rank as literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109031 | 5a7a5c0521c2de001afe9bb0 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | Three main literary historians include Hercules, Thucydides, and who else? | Three main literary historians include Hercules, Thucydides, and who else? | [
"Three main literary historians include Hercules, Thucydides, and who else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109032 | 5a7a5c0521c2de001afe9bb1 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | The secondary functions of historical documentations are what? | The secondary functions of historical documentations are what? | [
"The secondary functions of historical documentations are what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109033 | 5a7e668548f7d9001a0636a7 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | What does a significant amount of literature rank as? | What does a significant amount of literature rank as? | [
"What does a significant amount of literature rank as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109034 | 5a7e668548f7d9001a0636a8 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | Who are the major utilitarian historians? | Who are the major utilitarian historians? | [
"Who are the major utilitarian historians? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109035 | 5a7e668548f7d9001a0636a9 | Literature | A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate infor... | What is the primary purpose of creative fiction? | What is the primary purpose of creative fiction? | [
"What is the primary purpose of creative fiction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109036 | 5726ecae708984140094d63b | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What Babylonian ruler created formal law tables? | What Babylonian ruler created formal law tables? | [
"What Babylonian ruler created formal law tables?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hammurabi"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109037 | 5726ecae708984140094d63c | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature? | What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature? | [
"What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bible"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109038 | 5726ecae708984140094d63d | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group? | Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group? | [
"Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Corpus Juris Civilis"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109039 | 5726ecae708984140094d63e | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Under what Emperor did this group sit? | Under what Emperor did this group sit? | [
"Under what Emperor did this group sit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Justinian I"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109040 | 5726ecae708984140094d63f | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What empire did Justinian preside over? | What empire did Justinian preside over? | [
"What empire did Justinian preside over?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109041 | 5a7a5f1921c2de001afe9bb6 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Harambe of Babylon created what? | Harambe of Babylon created what? | [
"Harambe of Babylon created what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109042 | 5a7a5f1921c2de001afe9bb7 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Late parts of the Bible could be seen as what? | Late parts of the Bible could be seen as what? | [
"Late parts of the Bible could be seen as what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109043 | 5a7a5f1921c2de001afe9bb8 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What was Roman National Law referred to? | What was Roman National Law referred to? | [
"What was Roman National Law referred to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109044 | 5a7a5f1921c2de001afe9bb9 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Many founding documents are called literature like Supreme Count Briefings and what else? | Many founding documents are called literature like Supreme Count Briefings and what else? | [
"Many founding documents are called literature like Supreme Count Briefings and what else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109045 | 5a7e6dce48f7d9001a0636df | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What location were Plato and Aristotle from? | What location were Plato and Aristotle from? | [
"What location were Plato and Aristotle from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109046 | 5a7e6dce48f7d9001a0636e0 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Who reigned during the Roman Empire? | Who reigned during the Roman Empire? | [
"Who reigned during the Roman Empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109047 | 5a7e6dce48f7d9001a0636e1 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What was Babylonian civil law codified in? | What was Babylonian civil law codified in? | [
"What was Babylonian civil law codified in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109048 | 5a7e6dce48f7d9001a0636e2 | Literature | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | What does Samuel Dean say law offers? | What does Samuel Dean say law offers? | [
"What does Samuel Dean say law offers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109049 | 5726ef205951b619008f82bd | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Literary devices are employed for what reason? | Literary devices are employed for what reason? | [
"Literary devices are employed for what reason?"
] | {
"text": [
"produce specific effects"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109050 | 5726ef205951b619008f82be | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What is one form of narration in literature? | What is one form of narration in literature? | [
"What is one form of narration in literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"first-person"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109051 | 5726ef205951b619008f82bf | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What are two types of narrative structure in literature? | What are two types of narrative structure in literature? | [
"What are two types of narrative structure in literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109052 | 5726ef205951b619008f82c0 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature? | Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature? | [
"Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"to surprise the reader"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109053 | 5726ef205951b619008f82c1 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed? | In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed? | [
"In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?"
] | {
"text": [
"a conventional murder-mystery novel"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109054 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bbe | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature? | Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature? | [
"Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109055 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bbf | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Literary techniques cover a slim range of what? | Literary techniques cover a slim range of what? | [
"Literary techniques cover a slim range of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109056 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bc0 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What are examples of poetic technique? | What are examples of poetic technique? | [
"What are examples of poetic technique?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109057 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bc1 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What might the author do to bore the reader? | What might the author do to bore the reader? | [
"What might the author do to bore the reader?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109058 | 5a7e6efe48f7d9001a0636e7 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What do literary techniques specifically accomplish? | What do literary techniques specifically accomplish? | [
"What do literary techniques specifically accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109059 | 5a7e6efe48f7d9001a0636e8 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Why do all authors experiment with their technique? | Why do all authors experiment with their technique? | [
"Why do all authors experiment with their technique? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109060 | 5a7e6efe48f7d9001a0636e9 | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | What is a familiar structure is an example of? | What is a familiar structure is an example of? | [
"What is a familiar structure is an example of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109061 | 57275858f1498d1400e8f6a4 | Carnival | Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combini... | What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent? | What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent? | [
"What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carnival"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109062 | 57275858f1498d1400e8f6a5 | Carnival | Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combini... | When do the main events of the Christian festival occur? | When do the main events of the Christian festival occur? | [
"When do the main events of the Christian festival occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"February"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109063 | 57275858f1498d1400e8f6a6 | Carnival | Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combini... | Who is the Carnival open to? | Who is the Carnival open to? | [
"Who is the Carnival open to?"
] | {
"text": [
"public"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109064 | 57275858f1498d1400e8f6a7 | Carnival | Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combini... | What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of? | What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of? | [
"What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of?"
] | {
"text": [
"social unity"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109065 | 57275858f1498d1400e8f6a8 | Carnival | Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combini... | What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent? | What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent? | [
"What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent?"
] | {
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109066 | 5727594add62a815002e9b82 | Carnival | The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebr... | The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect? | The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect? | [
"The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109067 | 5727594add62a815002e9b83 | Carnival | The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebr... | What country no longer celebrates Carnival? | What country no longer celebrates Carnival? | [
"What country no longer celebrates Carnival?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Philippines"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109068 | 5727594add62a815002e9b84 | Carnival | The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebr... | The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year? | The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year? | [
"The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109069 | 5727594add62a815002e9b85 | Carnival | The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebr... | What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran? | What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran? | [
"What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fastelavn"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109070 | 5727594add62a815002e9b86 | Carnival | The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebr... | What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent? | What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent? | [
"What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maslenitsa"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109071 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9c | Carnival | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well? | Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well? | [
"Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well?"
] | {
"text": [
"food shortage at the end of the winter"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109072 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9d | Carnival | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | What was one limited to during the winter? | What was one limited to during the winter? | [
"What was one limited to during the winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"the minimum necessary"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109073 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9e | Carnival | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | What does "vastenavond" mean? | What does "vastenavond" mean? | [
"What does \"vastenavond\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"the days before fasting)"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109074 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9f | Carnival | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten? | Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten? | [
"Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?"
] | {
"text": [
"it would soon start to rot and decay"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109075 | 57275a2bdd62a815002e9ba0 | Carnival | Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left w... | When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter? | When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter? | [
"When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"spring"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109076 | 57275b6edd62a815002e9ba6 | Carnival | Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also the... | What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate? | What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate? | [
"What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate?"
] | {
"text": [
"the returning of the daylight"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109077 | 57275b6edd62a815002e9ba7 | Carnival | Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also the... | How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee? | How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee? | [
"How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee?"
] | {
"text": [
"on wheels"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109078 | 57275b6edd62a815002e9ba8 | Carnival | Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also the... | Why was the winter driven out? | Why was the winter driven out? | [
"Why was the winter driven out?"
] | {
"text": [
"to make sure that fertility could return in spring"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109079 | 57275b6edd62a815002e9ba9 | Carnival | Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also the... | What is Nerthus the goddess of? | What is Nerthus the goddess of? | [
"What is Nerthus the goddess of?"
] | {
"text": [
"fertility"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109080 | 57275b6edd62a815002e9baa | Carnival | Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also the... | How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual? | How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual? | [
"How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual?"
] | {
"text": [
"be consummated"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109081 | 57275d775951b619008f88cd | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | Who wrote the Germania? | Who wrote the Germania? | [
"Who wrote the Germania?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tacitus"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109082 | 57275d775951b619008f88ce | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within? | What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within? | [
"What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within?"
] | {
"text": [
"walls"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109083 | 57275d775951b619008f88cf | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance? | Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance? | [
"Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?"
] | {
"text": [
"human"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109084 | 57275d775951b619008f88d0 | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | When is the car used in the ritual purified? | When is the car used in the ritual purified? | [
"When is the car used in the ritual purified? "
] | {
"text": [
"Afterwards"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109085 | 57275d775951b619008f88d1 | Carnival | Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form... | Where is the divinity herself purified? | Where is the divinity herself purified? | [
"Where is the divinity herself purified? "
] | {
"text": [
"a secret lake"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109086 | 57275eab5951b619008f88df | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? | What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? | [
"What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period?"
] | {
"text": [
"sexual"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109087 | 57275eab5951b619008f88e0 | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event? | All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event? | [
"All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lent"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109088 | 57275eab5951b619008f88e1 | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity? | The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity? | [
"The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carnival"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109089 | 57275eab5951b619008f88e2 | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar? | How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar? | [
"How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar?"
] | {
"text": [
"six weeks"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109090 | 57275eab5951b619008f88e3 | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent? | What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent? | [
"What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent?"
] | {
"text": [
"meat, dairy, fat and sugar"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109091 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f718 | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church? | What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church? | [
"What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church?"
] | {
"text": [
"corpus christi"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109092 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f719 | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture? | Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture? | [
"Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109093 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f71a | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert? | How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert? | [
"How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert?"
] | {
"text": [
"40"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109094 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f71b | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate? | What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate? | [
"What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christmas"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109095 | 57276074f1498d1400e8f71c | Carnival | While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Christian values. A... | Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population? | Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population? | [
"Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population?"
] | {
"text": [
"outlet for their daily frustrations"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109096 | 5727617f708984140094dcbd | Carnival | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival? | In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival? | [
"In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival?"
] | {
"text": [
"743"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109097 | 5727617f708984140094dcbe | Carnival | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | In what month did the excesses occur? | In what month did the excesses occur? | [
"In what month did the excesses occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"February"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109098 | 5727617f708984140094dcbf | Carnival | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period? | What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period? | [
"What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Confession"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109099 | 5727617f708984140094dcc0 | Carnival | In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio... | What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as? | What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as? | [
"What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as?"
] | {
"text": [
"an animal or old woman"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
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