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gem-squad_v2-train-112400
572947453f37b319004781fc
Race_(human_categorization)
As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:
What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?
What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?
[ "What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?" ]
{ "text": [ "race science" ], "answer_start": [ 533 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112401
572947453f37b319004781fd
Race_(human_categorization)
As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:
How were older notions of race used?
How were older notions of race used?
[ "How were older notions of race used?" ]
{ "text": [ "to explain differences in human behaviour or social status" ], "answer_start": [ 629 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112402
572947f33f37b31900478203
Race_(human_categorization)
One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.
What is a problem with racial assignments?
What is a problem with racial assignments?
[ "What is a problem with racial assignments? " ]
{ "text": [ "admixture" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112403
572947f33f37b31900478204
Race_(human_categorization)
One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.
How many people have a varied ancestry?
How many people have a varied ancestry?
[ "How many people have a varied ancestry?" ]
{ "text": [ "Many" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112404
572947f33f37b31900478205
Race_(human_categorization)
One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.
When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?
When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?
[ "When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?" ]
{ "text": [ "colonial and early federal history" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112405
572947f33f37b31900478206
Race_(human_categorization)
One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.
Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors?
Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors?
[ "Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors?" ]
{ "text": [ "African" ], "answer_start": [ 409 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112406
572947f33f37b31900478207
Race_(human_categorization)
One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.
What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have?
What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have?
[ "What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have?" ]
{ "text": [ "10%" ], "answer_start": [ 560 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112407
570d2681fed7b91900d45c63
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
When was the Continental Army created?
When was the Continental Army created?
[ "When was the Continental Army created?" ]
{ "text": [ "14 June 1775" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112408
570d2681fed7b91900d45c64
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
[ "Who was the commander of the Continental Army?" ]
{ "text": [ "George Washington" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112409
570d2681fed7b91900d45c65
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
[ "From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?" ]
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 457 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112410
570d2681fed7b91900d45c66
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?
What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?
[ "What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?" ]
{ "text": [ "Prussian tactics and organizational skills" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112411
5aceb6d132bba1001ae4b135
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
How was the Continental Army created?
How was the Continental Army created?
[ "How was the Continental Army created?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112412
5aceb6d132bba1001ae4b136
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
When was the commander of the Continental Army appointed?
When was the commander of the Continental Army appointed?
[ "When was the commander of the Continental Army appointed?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112413
5aceb6d132bba1001ae4b137
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
[ "What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112414
5aceb6d132bba1001ae4b138
United_States_Army
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
When did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach Prussian tactics?
When did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach Prussian tactics?
[ "When did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach Prussian tactics?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112415
570d2929b3d812140066d4ad
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?
What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?
[ "What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?" ]
{ "text": [ "1959" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112416
570d2929b3d812140066d4ae
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?
What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?
[ "What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?" ]
{ "text": [ "Gulf of Tonkin Incident" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112417
570d2929b3d812140066d4af
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What political structure did Vietnam have?
What political structure did Vietnam have?
[ "What political structure did Vietnam have?" ]
{ "text": [ "communist" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112418
5acec95832bba1001ae4b3ff
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What year did Soviet forces start being stationed in Vietnam?
What year did Soviet forces start being stationed in Vietnam?
[ "What year did Soviet forces start being stationed in Vietnam?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112419
5acec95832bba1001ae4b400
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What caused Soviet forces to deploy in large number in 1965?
What caused Soviet forces to deploy in large number in 1965?
[ "What caused Soviet forces to deploy in large number in 1965?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112420
5acec95832bba1001ae4b401
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What political structure did America have?
What political structure did America have?
[ "What political structure did America have?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112421
5acec95832bba1001ae4b402
United_States_Army
The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.
What type of military warfare did Russian forces use?
What type of military warfare did Russian forces use?
[ "What type of military warfare did Russian forces use?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112422
570d2b46b3d812140066d4db
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?
What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?
[ "What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?" ]
{ "text": [ "the \"National Army\"" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112423
570d2b46b3d812140066d4dc
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
When was the National Army demobilized?
When was the National Army demobilized?
[ "When was the National Army demobilized?" ]
{ "text": [ "end of World War I" ], "answer_start": [ 303 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112424
570d2b46b3d812140066d4de
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?
Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?
[ "Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?" ]
{ "text": [ "\"Enlisted Reserve Corps\" and \"Officer Reserve Corps\"" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112425
5acecfac32bba1001ae4b4f9
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
What was organized to replace the concept of the militias?
What was organized to replace the concept of the militias?
[ "What was organized to replace the concept of the militias?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112426
5acecfac32bba1001ae4b4fa
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
When was the National Army started?
When was the National Army started?
[ "When was the National Army started?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112427
5acecfac32bba1001ae4b4fb
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
What was added to the National Army?
What was added to the National Army?
[ "What was added to the National Army?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112428
5acecfac32bba1001ae4b4fc
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
Who filled vacancies for militias?
Who filled vacancies for militias?
[ "Who filled vacancies for militias?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112429
5acecfac32bba1001ae4b4fd
United_States_Army
By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
What were temporary soldiers known as?
What were temporary soldiers known as?
[ "What were temporary soldiers known as?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112430
570d2e5bb3d812140066d501
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?
Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?
[ "Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?" ]
{ "text": [ "The Chief of Staff" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112431
570d2e5bb3d812140066d502
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?
Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?
[ "Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?" ]
{ "text": [ "Secretary of the Army" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112432
570d2e5bb3d812140066d503
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?
How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?
[ "How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?" ]
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112433
570d2e5bb3d812140066d504
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?
In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?
[ "In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?" ]
{ "text": [ "1986" ], "answer_start": [ 790 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112434
5aced26232bba1001ae4b5cb
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
Which civilian leads the Navy?
Which civilian leads the Navy?
[ "Which civilian leads the Navy?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112435
5aced26232bba1001ae4b5cc
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the Navy?
Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the Navy?
[ "Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the Navy?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112436
5aced26232bba1001ae4b5cd
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
How many European military services belong to the Department of Defense?
How many European military services belong to the Department of Defense?
[ "How many European military services belong to the Department of Defense?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112437
5aced26232bba1001ae4b5ce
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
What year was the Goldwater-Nichols Act rejected?
What year was the Goldwater-Nichols Act rejected?
[ "What year was the Goldwater-Nichols Act rejected?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112438
5aced26232bba1001ae4b5cf
United_States_Army
The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.
What branch of military does the Secretary of the Treasury direct?
What branch of military does the Secretary of the Treasury direct?
[ "What branch of military does the Secretary of the Treasury direct?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112439
570d3003b3d812140066d513
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?
What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?
[ "What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?" ]
{ "text": [ "The United States Army" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112440
570d3003b3d812140066d514
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
How many uniformed services are there in the US?
How many uniformed services are there in the US?
[ "How many uniformed services are there in the US?" ]
{ "text": [ "seven" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112441
570d3003b3d812140066d515
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What years did the American Revolutionary War span?
What years did the American Revolutionary War span?
[ "What years did the American Revolutionary War span?" ]
{ "text": [ "1775–83" ], "answer_start": [ 571 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112442
570d3003b3d812140066d516
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What date was the U.S. Army created?
What date was the U.S. Army created?
[ "What date was the U.S. Army created?" ]
{ "text": [ "3 June 1784" ], "answer_start": [ 723 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112443
570d3003b3d812140066d517
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What did the U.S Army replace?
What did the U.S Army replace?
[ "What did the U.S Army replace?" ]
{ "text": [ "Continental Army" ], "answer_start": [ 761 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112444
5aceb7e032bba1001ae4b16f
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the smallest?
What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the smallest?
[ "What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the smallest?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112445
5aceb7e032bba1001ae4b170
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
How many uniformed services are there in Canada?
How many uniformed services are there in Canada?
[ "How many uniformed services are there in Canada?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112446
5aceb7e032bba1001ae4b171
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What years did the French Revolutionary War span?
What years did the French Revolutionary War span?
[ "What years did the French Revolutionary War span?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112447
5aceb7e032bba1001ae4b172
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
What did the U.S. Navy replace?
What did the U.S. Navy replace?
[ "What did the U.S. Navy replace?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112448
5aceb7e032bba1001ae4b173
United_States_Army
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.
When was the U.S. Navy disbanded?
When was the U.S. Navy disbanded?
[ "When was the U.S. Navy disbanded?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112449
570d3412b3d812140066d53b
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom?
The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom?
[ "The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom?" ]
{ "text": [ "United Kingdom" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112450
570d3412b3d812140066d53c
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
In what year did the U.S. take control of Lake Eerie?
In what year did the U.S. take control of Lake Eerie?
[ "In what year did the U.S. take control of Lake Eerie?" ]
{ "text": [ "1813" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112451
570d3412b3d812140066d53d
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
[ "Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?" ]
{ "text": [ "Tecumseh" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112452
570d3412b3d812140066d53e
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
In the Battle of New Orleans, who defeated the British?
In the Battle of New Orleans, who defeated the British?
[ "In the Battle of New Orleans, who defeated the British?" ]
{ "text": [ "Andrew Jackson" ], "answer_start": [ 888 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112453
5acec19832bba1001ae4b2db
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
The Siege of 1812 was fought against?
The Siege of 1812 was fought against?
[ "The Siege of 1812 was fought against?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112454
5acec19832bba1001ae4b2dc
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
What year did the U.S. take control of Lake Superior?
What year did the U.S. take control of Lake Superior?
[ "What year did the U.S. take control of Lake Superior?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112455
5acec19832bba1001ae4b2dd
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
What did the English defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
What did the English defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
[ "What did the English defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112456
5acec19832bba1001ae4b2de
United_States_Army
The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.
In the Battle of the New Orleans, who defeated the Americans?
In the Battle of the New Orleans, who defeated the Americans?
[ "In the Battle of the New Orleans, who defeated the Americans?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112457
570d386cb3d812140066d561
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
What political party did not have trust in standing armies?
What political party did not have trust in standing armies?
[ "What political party did not have trust in standing armies?" ]
{ "text": [ "republican" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112458
570d386cb3d812140066d562
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?
Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?
[ "Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?" ]
{ "text": [ "Native Americans" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112459
570d386cb3d812140066d563
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?
Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?
[ "Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?" ]
{ "text": [ "General St. Clair" ], "answer_start": [ 529 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112460
570d386cb3d812140066d564
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
In what year was the Legion of the United States established?
In what year was the Legion of the United States established?
[ "In what year was the Legion of the United States established?" ]
{ "text": [ "1791" ], "answer_start": [ 679 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112461
570d386cb3d812140066d565
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?
In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?
[ "In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?" ]
{ "text": [ "1796" ], "answer_start": [ 724 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112462
5acebf2832bba1001ae4b299
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
What person did not trust the standing armies?
What person did not trust the standing armies?
[ " What person did not trust the standing armies?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112463
5acebf2832bba1001ae4b29a
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
Who did the state militia have an ongoing peace treaty with?
Who did the state militia have an ongoing peace treaty with?
[ "Who did the state militia have an ongoing peace treaty with?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112464
5acebf2832bba1001ae4b29b
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
Who was killed at the Battle of the Wabash?
Who was killed at the Battle of the Wabash?
[ "Who was killed at the Battle of the Wabash?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112465
5acebf2832bba1001ae4b29c
United_States_Army
After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.
In what year was the the government of the United States established?
In what year was the the government of the United States established?
[ "In what year was the the government of the United States established?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112466
570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a5
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the National Training Center located?
Where is the National Training Center located?
[ "Where is the National Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [ "Fort Irwin, California" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112467
570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a6
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located?
Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located?
[ "Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [ "Fort Polk, Louisiana" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112468
570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a7
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located?
Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located?
[ "Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hohenfels, Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112469
570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a8
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
In what year was ARFORGEN approved?
In what year was ARFORGEN approved?
[ "In what year was ARFORGEN approved?" ]
{ "text": [ "2006" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112470
570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a9
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
In what states is Fort Bliss located?
In what states is Fort Bliss located?
[ "In what states is Fort Bliss located?" ]
{ "text": [ "New Mexico and Texas" ], "answer_start": [ 778 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112471
5aced70932bba1001ae4b6cf
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the International Training Center located?
Where is the International Training Center located?
[ "Where is the International Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112472
5aced70932bba1001ae4b6d0
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located?
Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located?
[ "Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112473
5aced70932bba1001ae4b6d1
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
Where is the Joint International Training Center located?
Where is the Joint International Training Center located?
[ "Where is the Joint International Training Center located?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112474
5aced70932bba1001ae4b6d2
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
What year was ARFORGEN rejected?
What year was ARFORGEN rejected?
[ "What year was ARFORGEN rejected?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112475
5aced70932bba1001ae4b6d3
United_States_Army
Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.
In what cities is Fort Bliss located?
In what cities is Fort Bliss located?
[ "In what cities is Fort Bliss located?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112476
570d3df1b3d812140066d5cd
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?
In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?
[ "In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?" ]
{ "text": [ "1862" ], "answer_start": [ 536 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112477
570d3df1b3d812140066d5ce
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?
Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?
[ "Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ulysses Grant" ], "answer_start": [ 618 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112478
570d3df1b3d812140066d5cf
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Who captured Atlanta?
Who captured Atlanta?
[ "Who captured Atlanta?" ]
{ "text": [ "William T. Sherman" ], "answer_start": [ 827 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112479
570d3df1b3d812140066d5d0
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Where did Lee surrender his army?
Where did Lee surrender his army?
[ "Where did Lee surrender his army?" ]
{ "text": [ "Appomattox Court House" ], "answer_start": [ 1007 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112480
5acec4b532bba1001ae4b34b
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
In what year did the Union Forces capture Atlanta?
In what year did the Union Forces capture Atlanta?
[ "In what year did the Union Forces capture Atlanta?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112481
5acec4b532bba1001ae4b34c
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Who took control of the Snake River in 1862-63?
Who took control of the Snake River in 1862-63?
[ "Who took control of the Snake River in 1862-63?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112482
5acec4b532bba1001ae4b34d
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Who released Atlanta?
Who released Atlanta?
[ "Who released Atlanta?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112483
5acec4b532bba1001ae4b34e
United_States_Army
For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.
Where did Grant surrender his army?
Where did Grant surrender his army?
[ "Where did Grant surrender his army?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112484
570d4299fed7b91900d45dd1
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
What war occurred after the end of World War II?
What war occurred after the end of World War II?
[ "What war occurred after the end of World War II?" ]
{ "text": [ "Cold War" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112485
570d4299fed7b91900d45dd2
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?
In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?
[ "In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?" ]
{ "text": [ "1950" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112486
570d4299fed7b91900d45dd3
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?
How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?
[ "How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?" ]
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112487
5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3c9
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
What war occurred after the end of War on Terror?
What war occurred after the end of War on Terror?
[ "What war occurred after the end of War on Terror?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112488
5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3ca
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded?
In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded?
[ "In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112489
5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3cb
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Germany?
How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Germany?
[ "How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Germany?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112490
5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3cc
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
What set the stage for the North-South confrontation?
What set the stage for the North-South confrontation?
[ "What set the stage for the North-South confrontation?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112491
5acec7dd32bba1001ae4b3cd
United_States_Army
The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
With the outbreak of which war did concerns for the defense of Western Europe decrease?
With the outbreak of which war did concerns for the defense of Western Europe decrease?
[ "With the outbreak of which war did concerns for the defense of Western Europe decrease?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112492
570d48a6fed7b91900d45dff
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?
What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?
[ "What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?" ]
{ "text": [ "December 1941" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112493
570d48a6fed7b91900d45e00
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?
Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?
[ "Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?" ]
{ "text": [ "Japanese" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112494
570d48a6fed7b91900d45e01
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"?
What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"?
[ "What is the month, day and year of \"D-Day\"?" ]
{ "text": [ "June 6, 1944" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112495
570d48a6fed7b91900d45e02
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?
What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?
[ "What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?" ]
{ "text": [ "Pacific War" ], "answer_start": [ 401 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112496
570d48a6fed7b91900d45e03
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?
Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?
[ "Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?" ]
{ "text": [ "Harry S. Truman" ], "answer_start": [ 935 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112497
5acec6d432bba1001ae4b3ad
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
What month and year did the Chinese join World War II?
What month and year did the Chinese join World War II?
[ "What month and year did the Chinese join World War II?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112498
5acec6d432bba1001ae4b3ae
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
Which military force aided during Pearl Harbor?
Which military force aided during Pearl Harbor?
[ "Which military force aided during Pearl Harbor?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112499
5acec6d432bba1001ae4b3af
United_States_Army
The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.
What is month, day, and year V-Day?
What is month, day, and year V-Day?
[ "What is month, day, and year V-Day?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }