gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-12200 | 56e169e1cd28a01900c678b1 | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013? | How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013? | [
"How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"$16.7 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
838
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12201 | 5ad160e4645df0001a2d190e | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | What percentage did General Electric sell to Vivendi Universal? | What percentage did General Electric sell to Vivendi Universal? | [
"What percentage did General Electric sell to Vivendi Universal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12202 | 5ad160e4645df0001a2d190f | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | What does NCBU stand for? | What does NCBU stand for? | [
"What does NCBU stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12203 | 5ad160e4645df0001a2d1910 | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | Who purchased Vivendi's share of NBCU in 2006? | Who purchased Vivendi's share of NBCU in 2006? | [
"Who purchased Vivendi's share of NBCU in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12204 | 5ad160e4645df0001a2d1911 | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | What does CFC stand for? | What does CFC stand for? | [
"What does CFC stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12205 | 5ad160e4645df0001a2d1912 | Universal_Studios | Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion. | Who bought 49% of NBCUniversal for $17.6 billion? | Who bought 49% of NBCUniversal for $17.6 billion? | [
"Who bought 49% of NBCUniversal for $17.6 billion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12206 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678bd | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks? | In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks? | [
"In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12207 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678be | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006? | What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006? | [
"What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stacey Snider"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12208 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678bf | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | Who became the chairperson in late 2009? | Who became the chairperson in late 2009? | [
"Who became the chairperson in late 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adam Fogelson"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12209 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c0 | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing? | Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing? | [
"Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stephanie Sperber"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12210 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c1 | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013? | Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013? | [
"Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"Donna Langley"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12211 | 5ad1629f645df0001a2d194c | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | What company did Viacom acquire in 2005? | What company did Viacom acquire in 2005? | [
"What company did Viacom acquire in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12212 | 5ad1629f645df0001a2d194d | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | What company did Stacey Shmuger leave in 2006? | What company did Stacey Shmuger leave in 2006? | [
"What company did Stacey Shmuger leave in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12213 | 5ad1629f645df0001a2d194e | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | What position did Donna Sperber hold? | What position did Donna Sperber hold? | [
"What position did Donna Sperber hold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12214 | 5ad1629f645df0001a2d194f | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts. | Who was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures in October 2013? | Who was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures in October 2013? | [
"Who was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures in October 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12215 | 56e16abbe3433e1400422ee0 | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013? | Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013? | [
"Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elliott Management"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12216 | 56e16abbe3433e1400422ee1 | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013? | With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013? | [
"With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"Legendary Pictures"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12217 | 56e16abbe3433e1400422ee2 | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run? | How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run? | [
"How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run?"
] | {
"text": [
"five years"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12218 | 56e16abbe3433e1400422ee3 | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin? | In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin? | [
"In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12219 | 5ad16393645df0001a2d195c | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | When did Elliott Management's financing deal expire? | When did Elliott Management's financing deal expire? | [
"When did Elliott Management's financing deal expire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12220 | 5ad16393645df0001a2d195d | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | What company made an agreement with Legendary Pictures in July 2014? | What company made an agreement with Legendary Pictures in July 2014? | [
"What company made an agreement with Legendary Pictures in July 2014?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12221 | 5ad16393645df0001a2d195e | Universal_Studios | Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires. | What two companies had a deal that expired in 2013? | What two companies had a deal that expired in 2013? | [
"What two companies had a deal that expired in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12222 | 56e16b3de3433e1400422ee9 | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What film studio was brought back in May 2015? | What film studio was brought back in May 2015? | [
"What film studio was brought back in May 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gramercy Pictures"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12223 | 56e16b3de3433e1400422eea | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures? | What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures? | [
"What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?"
] | {
"text": [
"Focus Features"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12224 | 56e16b3de3433e1400422eeb | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating? | What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating? | [
"What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?"
] | {
"text": [
"action, sci-fi, and horror"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12225 | 5ad164ac645df0001a2d198c | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What year did NBCUniversal take over Sprout? | What year did NBCUniversal take over Sprout? | [
"What year did NBCUniversal take over Sprout?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12226 | 5ad164ac645df0001a2d198d | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | Who revived Focus Features in 2015? | Who revived Focus Features in 2015? | [
"Who revived Focus Features in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12227 | 5ad164ac645df0001a2d198e | Universal_Studios | In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films. | What happened in June 2015? | What happened in June 2015? | [
"What happened in June 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12228 | 56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e7 | Universal_Studios | As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions. | In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films? | In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films? | [
"In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films?"
] | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12229 | 56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e8 | Universal_Studios | As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions. | Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015? | Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015? | [
"Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minions"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12230 | 56e16ba5cd28a01900c678e9 | Universal_Studios | As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions. | How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year? | How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year? | [
"How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal is the only studio"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12231 | 5ad16548645df0001a2d1992 | Universal_Studios | As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions. | Who released three billion-dollar films in 2017? | Who released three billion-dollar films in 2017? | [
"Who released three billion-dollar films in 2017?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12232 | 5ad16548645df0001a2d1993 | Universal_Studios | As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions. | What movies made three billion dollars? | What movies made three billion dollars? | [
"What movies made three billion dollars?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12233 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678f7 | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris? | What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris? | [
"What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal Productions France S.A."
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12234 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678f8 | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What was the name of Universal's French distribution company? | What was the name of Universal's French distribution company? | [
"What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal Pictures France"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12235 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678f9 | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What was the English title of Le scandale? | What was the English title of Le scandale? | [
"What was the English title of Le scandale?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Champagne Murders"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12236 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678fa | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | Who directed The Day of the Jackal? | Who directed The Day of the Jackal? | [
"Who directed The Day of the Jackal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fred Zinnemann"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12237 | 56e16c15cd28a01900c678fb | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What film was known in English as Going Places? | What film was known in English as Going Places? | [
"What film was known in English as Going Places?"
] | {
"text": [
"Les Valseuses"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12238 | 5ad165eb645df0001a2d19aa | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | Where did Universal set up a distribution company in 1950? | Where did Universal set up a distribution company in 1950? | [
"Where did Universal set up a distribution company in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12239 | 5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ab | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | Where did Universal set up a production company in 1960? | Where did Universal set up a production company in 1960? | [
"Where did Universal set up a production company in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12240 | 5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ac | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What happened in 1970? | What happened in 1970? | [
"What happened in 1970?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12241 | 5ad165eb645df0001a2d19ad | Universal_Studios | In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm. | What was the name of the company established in 1960? | What was the name of the company established in 1960? | [
"What was the name of the company established in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12242 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b4 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | [
"What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12243 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b5 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics? | What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics? | [
"What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12244 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b6 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | In which century were antibiotics first introduced? | In which century were antibiotics first introduced? | [
"In which century were antibiotics first introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12245 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b7 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?' | What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?' | [
"What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'"
] | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12246 | 573016fb947a6a140053d0b8 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics? | What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics? | [
"What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"anyone, of any age, in any country"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12247 | 5730ba2f396df919000962ec | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine? | In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine? | [
"In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12248 | 5730ba2f396df919000962ed | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis? | What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis? | [
"What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"vaccination"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12249 | 5730ba2f396df919000962ee | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What does there medicines do for livestock? | What does there medicines do for livestock? | [
"What does there medicines do for livestock?"
] | {
"text": [
"develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12250 | 5730ba2f396df919000962ef | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world?? | What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world?? | [
"What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??"
] | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12251 | 5730ba2f396df919000962f0 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? | Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? | [
"Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? "
] | {
"text": [
"antibiotic resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12252 | 5731bbe8e17f3d1400422341 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine? | When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine? | [
"When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12253 | 5731bbe8e17f3d1400422342 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock? | What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock? | [
"What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?"
] | {
"text": [
"develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12254 | 5731bbe8e17f3d1400422343 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What organization stated that the world has this serious problem? | What organization stated that the world has this serious problem? | [
"What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?"
] | {
"text": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12255 | 5731bbe8e17f3d1400422344 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What regions in the world does this apply in? | What regions in the world does this apply in? | [
"What regions in the world does this apply in?"
] | {
"text": [
"every region of the world"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12256 | 5732843bb3a91d1900202df7 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | When were antibiotics created? | When were antibiotics created? | [
"When were antibiotics created?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12257 | 5732843bb3a91d1900202df8 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What disease did antibiotics help eliminate? | What disease did antibiotics help eliminate? | [
"What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?"
] | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12258 | 5732843bb3a91d1900202df9 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry? | Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry? | [
"Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"livestock raising"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12259 | 5732843bb3a91d1900202dfa | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What is a common problem in antibiotic use? | What is a common problem in antibiotic use? | [
"What is a common problem in antibiotic use?"
] | {
"text": [
"antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12260 | 5a65ba22c2b11c001a425d13 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What is one disease that has been widespread thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | What is one disease that has been widespread thanks to vaccines and antibiotics? | [
"What is one disease that has been widespread thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12261 | 5a65ba22c2b11c001a425d14 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions? | What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions? | [
"What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12262 | 5a65ba22c2b11c001a425d15 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | In which century was tuberculosis first introduced? | In which century was tuberculosis first introduced? | [
"In which century was tuberculosis first introduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12263 | 5a65ba22c2b11c001a425d16 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What organization called bacteria a 'serious threat?' | What organization called bacteria a 'serious threat?' | [
"What organization called bacteria a 'serious threat?'"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12264 | 5a65ba22c2b11c001a425d17 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country". | What other medicine worked along antibiotics to classify diseases like tuberculosis? | What other medicine worked along antibiotics to classify diseases like tuberculosis? | [
"What other medicine worked along antibiotics to classify diseases like tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12265 | 573018d5947a6a140053d0e4 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified? | What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified? | [
"What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?"
] | {
"text": [
"empirical therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12266 | 573018d5947a6a140053d0e5 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing? | Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing? | [
"Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?"
] | {
"text": [
"laboratory"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12267 | 573018d5947a6a140053d0e6 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | [
"What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy?"
] | {
"text": [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12268 | 573018d5947a6a140053d0e7 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? | At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy? | [
"At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy?"
] | {
"text": [
"While the microorgainsim is being identified"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12269 | 573018d5947a6a140053d0e8 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | How long does the identification process take? | How long does the identification process take? | [
"How long does the identification process take?"
] | {
"text": [
"several days"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12270 | 573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d82 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet? | What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet? | [
"What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet?"
] | {
"text": [
"broad spectrum antibiotic"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12271 | 573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d83 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What happens in empirical therapy? | What happens in empirical therapy? | [
"What happens in empirical therapy?"
] | {
"text": [
"a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12272 | 573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d84 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | When is empirical started? | When is empirical started? | [
"When is empirical started?"
] | {
"text": [
"before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12273 | 5a65bb37c2b11c001a425d1d | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What is one kind of microorganism that may be used when a patient has an infection but it has not yet been identified? | What is one kind of microorganism that may be used when a patient has an infection but it has not yet been identified? | [
"What is one kind of microorganism that may be used when a patient has an infection but it has not yet been identified?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12274 | 5a65bb37c2b11c001a425d1e | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | Where do doctors perform empirical therapy testing? | Where do doctors perform empirical therapy testing? | [
"Where do doctors perform empirical therapy testing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12275 | 5a65bb37c2b11c001a425d1f | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | What kinds of infections are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | What kinds of infections are most commonly used for empirical therapy? | [
"What kinds of infections are most commonly used for empirical therapy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12276 | 5a65bb37c2b11c001a425d20 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | At what age does a microorganism begin empirical therapy? | At what age does a microorganism begin empirical therapy? | [
"At what age does a microorganism begin empirical therapy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12277 | 5a65bb37c2b11c001a425d21 | Antibiotics | In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic. Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory. | How long does the infection process take? | How long does the infection process take? | [
"How long does the infection process take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12278 | 57301a6b04bcaa1900d7719f | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics? | What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics? | [
"What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"fever and nausea"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12279 | 57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a0 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What causes diarrhea? | What causes diarrhea? | [
"What causes diarrhea?"
] | {
"text": [
"disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora"
],
"answer_start": [
828
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12280 | 57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a1 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area? | What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area? | [
"What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?"
] | {
"text": [
"yeast"
],
"answer_start": [
1064
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12281 | 57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a2 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage? | What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage? | [
"What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?"
] | {
"text": [
"a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid"
],
"answer_start": [
1258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12282 | 57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a3 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics? | What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics? | [
"What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"alter the host microbiota"
],
"answer_start": [
1390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12283 | 5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4e | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans? | What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans? | [
"What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?"
] | {
"text": [
"negative effects"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12284 | 5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4f | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What do antibiotics need approval for? | What do antibiotics need approval for? | [
"What do antibiotics need approval for?"
] | {
"text": [
"clinical use"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12285 | 5730ee6405b4da19006bcc50 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used? | What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used? | [
"What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?"
] | {
"text": [
"microbial organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12286 | 5730ee6405b4da19006bcc51 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect? | Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect? | [
"Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adverse effects"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12287 | 5730ee6405b4da19006bcc52 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics? | What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics? | [
"What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"host microbiota"
],
"answer_start": [
1400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12288 | 57328a33b3a91d1900202e29 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | Why are antibiotics checked before use? | Why are antibiotics checked before use? | [
"Why are antibiotics checked before use?"
] | {
"text": [
"negative effects on humans or other mammals"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12289 | 57328a33b3a91d1900202e2a | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | Name some adverse effects? | Name some adverse effects? | [
"Name some adverse effects?"
] | {
"text": [
"fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12290 | 57328a33b3a91d1900202e2b | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | Name some side-effects? | Name some side-effects? | [
"Name some side-effects?"
] | {
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"answer_start": [
803
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12291 | 57328a33b3a91d1900202e2c | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What can happen to vaginal flora? | What can happen to vaginal flora? | [
"What can happen to vaginal flora?"
] | {
"text": [
"overgrowth of yeast"
],
"answer_start": [
1050
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12292 | 57328a33b3a91d1900202e2d | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs? | What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs? | [
"What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Additional side-effects"
],
"answer_start": [
1126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12293 | 5a65bdbfc2b11c001a425d27 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What are two examples of anitbacterials caused by some antibiotics? | What are two examples of anitbacterials caused by some antibiotics? | [
"What are two examples of anitbacterials caused by some antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12294 | 5a65bdbfc2b11c001a425d28 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What causes anaphylaxis? | What causes anaphylaxis? | [
"What causes anaphylaxis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12295 | 5a65bdbfc2b11c001a425d29 | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What is one possible side effect of antibiotics that do not have a side effect of tendon damage? | What is one possible side effect of antibiotics that do not have a side effect of tendon damage? | [
"What is one possible side effect of antibiotics that do not have a side effect of tendon damage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12296 | 5a65bdbfc2b11c001a425d2a | Antibiotics | Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease. | What are antibiotics screened for on microbiota and chronic disease? | What are antibiotics screened for on microbiota and chronic disease? | [
"What are antibiotics screened for on microbiota and chronic disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12297 | 57301bfca23a5019007fcd81 | Antibiotics | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. | What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age? | What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age? | [
"What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age?"
] | {
"text": [
"increased body mass"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12298 | 57301bfca23a5019007fcd82 | Antibiotics | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. | What does STAT stand for? | What does STAT stand for? | [
"What does STAT stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12299 | 57301bfca23a5019007fcd83 | Antibiotics | Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. | What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT? | What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT? | [
"What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT?"
] | {
"text": [
"penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
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