gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-14000 | 56de85e94396321400ee29eb | BBC_Television | The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels a... | How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue? | How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue? | [
"How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?"
] | {
"text": [
"advertisements and subscription"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14001 | 5a837712e60761001a2eb743 | BBC_Television | The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels a... | How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels? | How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels? | [
"How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14002 | 5a837712e60761001a2eb744 | BBC_Television | The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels a... | What is it that subscriptions pay for? | What is it that subscriptions pay for? | [
"What is it that subscriptions pay for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14003 | 56de86914396321400ee29f9 | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television? | When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television? | [
"When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14004 | 56de86914396321400ee29fa | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | Who is the current head of BBC Television? | Who is the current head of BBC Television? | [
"Who is the current head of BBC Television?"
] | {
"text": [
"Danny Cohen"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14005 | 56de86914396321400ee29fb | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television? | What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television? | [
"What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television?"
] | {
"text": [
"commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14006 | 5a83781fe60761001a2eb747 | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century? | What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century? | [
"What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14007 | 5a83781fe60761001a2eb748 | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels? | Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels? | [
"Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14008 | 5a83781fe60761001a2eb749 | BBC_Television | As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Coh... | What is responsible for scheduling all programs? | What is responsible for scheduling all programs? | [
"What is responsible for scheduling all programs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14009 | 56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e0 | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting? | When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting? | [
"When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14010 | 56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e1 | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | When did BBC Japan shut down? | When did BBC Japan shut down? | [
"When did BBC Japan shut down?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14011 | 56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e2 | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | What was the genre of BBC Japan? | What was the genre of BBC Japan? | [
"What was the genre of BBC Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"general entertainment"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14012 | 5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74d | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | What was BBC Japanese considered? | What was BBC Japanese considered? | [
"What was BBC Japanese considered? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14013 | 5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74e | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased? | What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased? | [
"What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14014 | 5a8378e2e60761001a2eb74f | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | What ran from April 2004 until December 2006? | What ran from April 2004 until December 2006? | [
"What ran from April 2004 until December 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14015 | 56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039d | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures? | What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures? | [
"What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures?"
] | {
"text": [
"The brain"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14016 | 56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039e | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | What is the most complex organ in an animal's body? | What is the most complex organ in an animal's body? | [
"What is the most complex organ in an animal's body?"
] | {
"text": [
"The brain"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14017 | 56f8b80e9e9bad19000a039f | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | In people, how many neurons make up the cerebral cortex? | In people, how many neurons make up the cerebral cortex? | [
"In people, how many neurons make up the cerebral cortex?"
] | {
"text": [
"15–33 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14018 | 56f8b80e9e9bad19000a03a0 | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | Neurons in the brain interact with each other by fibers called what? | Neurons in the brain interact with each other by fibers called what? | [
"Neurons in the brain interact with each other by fibers called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"axons"
],
"answer_start": [
733
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14019 | 56f8b80e9e9bad19000a03a1 | Brain | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what? | A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what? | [
"A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14020 | 56f8b9089e9bad19000a03af | Brain | Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses t... | Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body? | Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body? | [
"Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?"
] | {
"text": [
"The brain"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14021 | 56f8b9089e9bad19000a03b0 | Brain | Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses t... | What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain? | What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain? | [
"What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"reflexes"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14022 | 56f8b9089e9bad19000a03b1 | Brain | Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses t... | Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body? | Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body? | [
"Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body?"
] | {
"text": [
"spinal cord or peripheral ganglia"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14023 | 56f8bb559e9bad19000a03d9 | Brain | The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense tha... | Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble? | Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble? | [
"Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble?"
] | {
"text": [
"central processing unit (CPU)"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14024 | 56f8bbc59b226e1400dd0ecf | Brain | This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Sev... | Animals with a spine are called what? | Animals with a spine are called what? | [
"Animals with a spine are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"vertebrates"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14025 | 56f8bbf99e9bad19000a03e5 | Brain | The shape and size of the brain varies greatly in different species, and identifying common features is often difficult. Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species... | Animals without a spine are called what? | Animals without a spine are called what? | [
"Animals without a spine are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"invertebrates"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14026 | 56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ec | Brain | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what? | The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what? | [
"The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"visual inspection"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14027 | 56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ed | Brain | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid? | Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid? | [
"Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid?"
] | {
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14028 | 56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ee | Brain | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | The two main areas of the brain are what colors? | The two main areas of the brain are what colors? | [
"The two main areas of the brain are what colors?"
] | {
"text": [
"grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14029 | 56f8bd499e9bad19000a03ef | Brain | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain? | What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain? | [
"What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"microscope"
],
"answer_start": [
743
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14030 | 56f8bd499e9bad19000a03f0 | Brain | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | Grey matter of the brain is what color? | Grey matter of the brain is what color? | [
"Grey matter of the brain is what color?"
] | {
"text": [
"dark color"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14031 | 56f8be139e9bad19000a0400 | Brain | The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, how... | Brains of organisms are made up mostly of what two classes of cells? | Brains of organisms are made up mostly of what two classes of cells? | [
"Brains of organisms are made up mostly of what two classes of cells?"
] | {
"text": [
"neurons and glial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14032 | 56f8be139e9bad19000a0401 | Brain | The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, how... | Glial cells are also referred to as what? | Glial cells are also referred to as what? | [
"Glial cells are also referred to as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"glia or neuroglia"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14033 | 56f8be139e9bad19000a0402 | Brain | The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, how... | Which of the two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells send signals to other cells? | Which of the two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells send signals to other cells? | [
"Which of the two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells send signals to other cells?"
] | {
"text": [
"neurons"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14034 | 56f8be139e9bad19000a0403 | Brain | The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, how... | Axons send signals that are named what? | Axons send signals that are named what? | [
"Axons send signals that are named what?"
] | {
"text": [
"action potentials"
],
"answer_start": [
1129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14035 | 56f8be139e9bad19000a0404 | Brain | The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, how... | What is the typical speed that axons send their electrical signals? | What is the typical speed that axons send their electrical signals? | [
"What is the typical speed that axons send their electrical signals?"
] | {
"text": [
"1–100 meters per second"
],
"answer_start": [
1233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14036 | 56f8bead9e9bad19000a040a | Brain | Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The... | Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what? | Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what? | [
"Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"synapses"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14037 | 56f8bead9e9bad19000a040b | Brain | Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The... | The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell? | The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell? | [
"The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?"
] | {
"text": [
"receptor molecules"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14038 | 56f8bead9e9bad19000a040c | Brain | Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The... | An axon can connect to how many other cells? | An axon can connect to how many other cells? | [
"An axon can connect to how many other cells?"
] | {
"text": [
"several thousand"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14039 | 56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1b | Brain | Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. ... | How many synapses does the human brain supposedly contain? | How many synapses does the human brain supposedly contain? | [
"How many synapses does the human brain supposedly contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"100 trillion synapses;"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14040 | 56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1c | Brain | Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. ... | The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses? | The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses? | [
"The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses?"
] | {
"text": [
"several million"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14041 | 56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1d | Brain | Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. ... | A synapse whose purpose is to excite the target cell are called what? | A synapse whose purpose is to excite the target cell are called what? | [
"A synapse whose purpose is to excite the target cell are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"excitatory"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14042 | 56f8bf579b226e1400dd0f1e | Brain | Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. ... | The primary job of the brain is what? | The primary job of the brain is what? | [
"The primary job of the brain is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"cell-to-cell communication"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14043 | 56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f23 | Brain | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | Axons grouped together are known as what? | Axons grouped together are known as what? | [
"Axons grouped together are known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"nerve fiber tracts"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14044 | 56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f24 | Brain | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what? | An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what? | [
"An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"sheath of myelin"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14045 | 56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f25 | Brain | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | Myelin is what color in the brain? | Myelin is what color in the brain? | [
"Myelin is what color in the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14046 | 56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f26 | Brain | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures? | Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures? | [
"Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures?"
] | {
"text": [
"axons"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14047 | 56f8bfeb9b226e1400dd0f27 | Brain | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what? | Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what? | [
"Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"neuron cell bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14048 | 56f8c1999e9bad19000a042e | Brain | Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximat... | Creatures that have a diffuse nerve net are called what? | Creatures that have a diffuse nerve net are called what? | [
"Creatures that have a diffuse nerve net are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"cnidarians"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14049 | 56f8c1999e9bad19000a042f | Brain | Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximat... | Bilaterians are animals that have what? | Bilaterians are animals that have what? | [
"Bilaterians are animals that have what?"
] | {
"text": [
"symmetric body shape"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14050 | 56f8c1999e9bad19000a0430 | Brain | Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximat... | The Cambrian period was how long ago? | The Cambrian period was how long ago? | [
"The Cambrian period was how long ago?"
] | {
"text": [
"485-540 million years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14051 | 56f8c1999e9bad19000a0431 | Brain | Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximat... | A nerve cord with an enlargement is called what? | A nerve cord with an enlargement is called what? | [
"A nerve cord with an enlargement is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a ganglion"
],
"answer_start": [
914
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14052 | 56f8c1999e9bad19000a0432 | Brain | Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximat... | What type of creature has a ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord as well? | What type of creature has a ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord as well? | [
"What type of creature has a ganglion at the back end of the nerve cord as well?"
] | {
"text": [
"leeches"
],
"answer_start": [
1198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14053 | 56f8c1d09e9bad19000a0442 | Brain | There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether ... | A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what? | A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what? | [
"A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"acoelomorphs"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14054 | 56f8c1d09e9bad19000a0443 | Brain | There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether ... | Some bilaterians without a brain are what? | Some bilaterians without a brain are what? | [
"Some bilaterians without a brain are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14055 | 56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6b | Brain | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a centra... | Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains? | Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains? | [
"Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains?"
] | {
"text": [
"arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14056 | 56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6c | Brain | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a centra... | Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what? | Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what? | [
"Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"parallel nerve cords"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14057 | 56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6d | Brain | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a centra... | The invertebrates with the largest brain are what two animals? | The invertebrates with the largest brain are what two animals? | [
"The invertebrates with the largest brain are what two animals?"
] | {
"text": [
"octopus and squid"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14058 | 56f8c4f99b226e1400dd0f7b | Brain | There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work: | Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates? | Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates? | [
"Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"invertebrate"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14059 | 56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047a | Brain | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear? | How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear? | [
"How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 500 million years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14060 | 56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047b | Brain | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | During which scientific period did vertebrates appear? | During which scientific period did vertebrates appear? | [
"During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cambrian period"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14061 | 56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047c | Brain | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | Sharks appeared at about how many Mya? | Sharks appeared at about how many Mya? | [
"Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?"
] | {
"text": [
"450 Mya"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14062 | 56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047d | Brain | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what? | The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what? | [
"The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"(the telencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14063 | 56f8c5a69e9bad19000a047e | Brain | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | At how many mya did mammals first appear in time? | At how many mya did mammals first appear in time? | [
"At how many mya did mammals first appear in time?"
] | {
"text": [
"200 Mya"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14064 | 56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f87 | Brain | Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger br... | Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey? | Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey? | [
"Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
767
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14065 | 56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f88 | Brain | Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger br... | In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what? | In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what? | [
"In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.75"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14066 | 56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f89 | Brain | Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger br... | Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts? | Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts? | [
"Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts?"
] | {
"text": [
"primates"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14067 | 56f8c6939e9bad19000a048c | Brain | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | The forebrain during development is known as what? | The forebrain during development is known as what? | [
"The forebrain during development is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"prosencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14068 | 56f8c6939e9bad19000a048d | Brain | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | The midbrain during development is known as what? | The midbrain during development is known as what? | [
"The midbrain during development is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"mesencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14069 | 56f8c6939e9bad19000a048e | Brain | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | The hindbrain during development is known as what? | The hindbrain during development is known as what? | [
"The hindbrain during development is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"rhombencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14070 | 56f8c6939e9bad19000a048f | Brain | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest? | Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest? | [
"Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest?"
] | {
"text": [
"mammals"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14071 | 56f8c6939e9bad19000a0490 | Brain | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what? | During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what? | [
"During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"neural tube;"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14072 | 56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb3 | Brain | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside? | Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside? | [
"Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside?"
] | {
"text": [
"pinkish"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14073 | 56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb4 | Brain | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | The color of the brain inside is what? | The color of the brain inside is what? | [
"The color of the brain inside is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14074 | 56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb5 | Brain | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues? | Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues? | [
"Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues?"
] | {
"text": [
"meninges"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14075 | 56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb6 | Brain | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | Meninges separate what structure from the brain? | Meninges separate what structure from the brain? | [
"Meninges separate what structure from the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"the skull"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14076 | 56f8c74d9b226e1400dd0fb7 | Brain | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | The blood-brain barrier is made up of what? | The blood-brain barrier is made up of what? | [
"The blood-brain barrier is made up of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"cells in the blood vessel walls"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14077 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fdf | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what? | People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what? | [
"People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neuroanatomists"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14078 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe0 | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what? | The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what? | [
"The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"telencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14079 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe1 | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain? | The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain? | [
"The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"diencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14080 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe2 | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | The midbrain region of the brain is known as what? | The midbrain region of the brain is known as what? | [
"The midbrain region of the brain is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"mesencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14081 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe3 | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain? | Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain? | [
"Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"thalamus and hypothalamus"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14082 | 56f8c9d99b226e1400dd1003 | Brain | Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of e... | The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes? | The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes? | [
"The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?"
] | {
"text": [
"teleost fishes"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14083 | 56f8c9d99b226e1400dd1004 | Brain | Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of e... | Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species? | Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species? | [
"Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?"
] | {
"text": [
"forebrain area"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14084 | 56f8ca819b226e1400dd100d | Brain | The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size. | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size? | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size? | [
"A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size?"
] | {
"text": [
"twice as large"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14085 | 56f8ca819b226e1400dd100e | Brain | The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size. | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size? | A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size? | [
"A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten times"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14086 | 56f8ca819b226e1400dd100f | Brain | The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size. | The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what? | The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what? | [
"The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"size."
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14087 | 56f8cc029b226e1400dd1027 | Brain | Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the par... | What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates? | What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates? | [
"What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"The cerebral cortex"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14088 | 56f8cc029b226e1400dd1028 | Brain | Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the par... | The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what? | The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what? | [
"The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"pallium"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14089 | 56f8cc029b226e1400dd1029 | Brain | Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the par... | Mammals have a pallium that involved into what? | Mammals have a pallium that involved into what? | [
"Mammals have a pallium that involved into what?"
] | {
"text": [
"neocortex or isocortex"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14090 | 56f8cc029b226e1400dd102a | Brain | Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the par... | The hippocampus and amygdala are ares inside what structure? | The hippocampus and amygdala are ares inside what structure? | [
"The hippocampus and amygdala are ares inside what structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"neocortex"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14091 | 56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051e | Brain | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? | The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates? | [
"The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"visual"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14092 | 56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051f | Brain | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? | The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? | [
"The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"(the neocerebellum"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14093 | 56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a0520 | Brain | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? | The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? | [
"The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"cerebral cortex"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14094 | 56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0542 | Brain | The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the b... | Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what? | Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what? | [
"Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"encephalization quotient (EQ)"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14095 | 56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0543 | Brain | The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the b... | What is the average EQ of a person? | What is the average EQ of a person? | [
"What is the average EQ of a person?"
] | {
"text": [
"7-to-8 range"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14096 | 56f8cddd9e9bad19000a0544 | Brain | The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the b... | Primates have an EQ in what range? | Primates have an EQ in what range? | [
"Primates have an EQ in what range?"
] | {
"text": [
"2-to-3"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14097 | 56f8cee09e9bad19000a0552 | Brain | Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ... | Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas? | Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas? | [
"Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14098 | 56f8cee09e9bad19000a0553 | Brain | Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ... | The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates? | The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates? | [
"The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than half"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14099 | 56f8cee09e9bad19000a0554 | Brain | Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ... | Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? | Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area? | [
"Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area?"
] | {
"text": [
"prefrontal cortex"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
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