gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-20100 | 5733ae924776f41900661016 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture. | What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program? | What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program? | [
"What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program?"
] | {
"text": [
"39.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20101 | 5733ae924776f41900661017 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture. | How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there? | How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there? | [
"How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 750 miles"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20102 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6045 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. | Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings? | Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings? | [
"Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th overall"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20103 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6046 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. | In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities? | In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities? | [
"In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities?"
] | {
"text": [
"USA Today"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20104 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6047 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. | Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities? | Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities? | [
"Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities?"
] | {
"text": [
"8th"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20105 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6048 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. | The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek? | The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek? | [
"The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek?"
] | {
"text": [
"1st overall"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20106 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6049 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group. | What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad? | What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad? | [
"What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad?"
] | {
"text": [
"57.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
918
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20107 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661041 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851β1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. | What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century? | What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century? | [
"What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C."
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20108 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661042 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851β1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. | What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame? | What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame? | [
"What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Professor of Chemistry and Physics"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20109 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661043 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851β1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. | What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm? | What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm? | [
"What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm?"
] | {
"text": [
"1851β1921"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20110 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661044 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851β1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. | What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame? | What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame? | [
"What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Science Department"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20111 | 5733b0fb4776f41900661045 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851β1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. | What book did John Zahm write in 1896? | What book did John Zahm write in 1896? | [
"What book did John Zahm write in 1896?"
] | {
"text": [
"Evolution and Dogma"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20112 | 5733b1da4776f41900661067 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. | What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame? | What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame? | [
"What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"an early wind tunnel"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20113 | 5733b1da4776f41900661068 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. | In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame? | In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame? | [
"In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"1882"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20114 | 5733b1da4776f41900661069 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. | Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA? | Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA? | [
"Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA?"
] | {
"text": [
"Professor Jerome Green"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20115 | 5733b1da4776f4190066106a | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. | In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message? | In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message? | [
"In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message?"
] | {
"text": [
"Around 1899"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20116 | 5733b1da4776f4190066106b | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics. | Which individual worked on projects at Notre Dame that eventually created neoprene? | Which individual worked on projects at Notre Dame that eventually created neoprene? | [
"Which individual worked on projects at Notre Dame that eventually created neoprene?"
] | {
"text": [
"Father Julius Nieuwland"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20117 | 5733b2fe4776f4190066108f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute? | Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute? | [
"Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Lobund Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20118 | 5733b2fe4776f41900661090 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame? | When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame? | [
"When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"1928"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20119 | 5733b2fe4776f41900661091 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent? | Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent? | [
"Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1940s"
],
"answer_start": [
963
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20120 | 5733b2fe4776f41900661092 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute? | In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute? | [
"In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
1049
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20121 | 5733b2fe4776f41900661093 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year? | The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year? | [
"The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
1099
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20122 | 5733b3d64776f419006610a3 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition. | Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame? | Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame? | [
"Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Review of Politics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20123 | 5733b3d64776f419006610a4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition. | What was the Review of Politics inspired by? | What was the Review of Politics inspired by? | [
"What was the Review of Politics inspired by?"
] | {
"text": [
"German Catholic journals"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20124 | 5733b3d64776f419006610a5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition. | Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame? | Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame? | [
"Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"44"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20125 | 5733b3d64776f419006610a6 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition. | Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame? | Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame? | [
"Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Review of Politics"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20126 | 5733b496d058e614000b60ce | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907β1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ (1883β1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955β62. Yves Simon (1903β61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882β73) was a frequent visitor to campus. | What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s? | What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s? | [
"What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?"
] | {
"text": [
"The rise of Hitler and other dictators"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20127 | 5733b496d058e614000b60cf | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907β1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ (1883β1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955β62. Yves Simon (1903β61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882β73) was a frequent visitor to campus. | From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame? | From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame? | [
"From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20128 | 5733b496d058e614000b60d0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907β1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ (1883β1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955β62. Yves Simon (1903β61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882β73) was a frequent visitor to campus. | What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in? | What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in? | [
"What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?"
] | {
"text": [
"classics and law"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20129 | 5733b496d058e614000b60d1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907β1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ (1883β1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955β62. Yves Simon (1903β61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882β73) was a frequent visitor to campus. | Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate? | Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate? | [
"Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Max Scheler"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20130 | 5733b496d058e614000b60d2 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907β1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ (1883β1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955β62. Yves Simon (1903β61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882β73) was a frequent visitor to campus. | What was Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ known for being? | What was Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ known for being? | [
"What was Ivan MeΕ‘troviΔ known for being?"
] | {
"text": [
"a renowned sculptor"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20131 | 5733b5344776f419006610dd | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the preβeminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt. | Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012? | Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012? | [
"Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Jenkins"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20132 | 5733b5344776f419006610de | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the preβeminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt. | The Kellogg Institute for International Studies is part of which university? | The Kellogg Institute for International Studies is part of which university? | [
"The Kellogg Institute for International Studies is part of which university?"
] | {
"text": [
"Notre Dame"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20133 | 5733b5344776f419006610df | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the preβeminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt. | What does the Kroc Institute at Notre Dame focus on? | What does the Kroc Institute at Notre Dame focus on? | [
"What does the Kroc Institute at Notre Dame focus on?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Peace studies"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20134 | 5733b5344776f419006610e0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the preβeminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt. | In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index? | In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index? | [
"In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20135 | 5733b5344776f419006610e1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the preβeminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt. | What threat does the Global Adaptation Index study? | What threat does the Global Adaptation Index study? | [
"What threat does the Global Adaptation Index study?"
] | {
"text": [
"climate change"
],
"answer_start": [
891
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20136 | 5733b5df4776f41900661105 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21β24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the topβ25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh. | How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014? | How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014? | [
"How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,448"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20137 | 5733b5df4776f41900661106 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21β24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the topβ25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh. | What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students? | What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students? | [
"What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students?"
] | {
"text": [
"21β24%"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20138 | 5733b5df4776f41900661107 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21β24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the topβ25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh. | How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament? | How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament? | [
"How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 700"
],
"answer_start": [
1446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20139 | 5733b5df4776f41900661108 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21β24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the topβ25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh. | For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame? | For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame? | [
"For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh"
],
"answer_start": [
1588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20140 | 5733b5df4776f41900661109 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21β24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the topβ25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh. | How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014? | How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014? | [
"How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"12,179"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20141 | 5733b699d058e614000b6118 | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium. | What percentage of undergrads live on the Notre Dame campus? | What percentage of undergrads live on the Notre Dame campus? | [
"What percentage of undergrads live on the Notre Dame campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"80%"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20142 | 5733b699d058e614000b6119 | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium. | How many student housing areas are reserved for Notre Dame's graduate students? | How many student housing areas are reserved for Notre Dame's graduate students? | [
"How many student housing areas are reserved for Notre Dame's graduate students?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20143 | 5733b699d058e614000b611a | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium. | How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus? | How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus? | [
"How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"15"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20144 | 5733b699d058e614000b611b | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium. | What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus? | What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus? | [
"What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20145 | 5733b699d058e614000b611c | University_of_Notre_Dame | About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium. | There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame? | There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame? | [
"There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20146 | 5733b7f74776f4190066112d | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus. | What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin? | What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin? | [
"What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congregatio a Sancta Cruce"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20147 | 5733b7f74776f4190066112e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus. | What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian? | What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian? | [
"What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 93%"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20148 | 5733b7f74776f4190066112f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus. | How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week? | How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week? | [
"How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 100 times"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20149 | 5733b7f74776f41900661130 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus. | How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus? | How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus? | [
"How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fifty-seven"
],
"answer_start": [
1237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20150 | 5733b7f74776f41900661131 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus. | What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic? | What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic? | [
"What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 80%"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20151 | 5733be284776f4190066117e | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. | What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame? | What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame? | [
"What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"a golden statue of the Virgin Mary"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20152 | 5733be284776f4190066117f | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. | What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building? | What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building? | [
"What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building?"
] | {
"text": [
"a copper statue of Christ"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20153 | 5733be284776f41900661180 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. | The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure? | The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure? | [
"The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Main Building"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20154 | 5733be284776f41900661181 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. | What is the Grotto at Notre Dame? | What is the Grotto at Notre Dame? | [
"What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"a Marian place of prayer and reflection"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20155 | 5733be284776f41900661182 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. | To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France? | To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France? | [
"To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saint Bernadette Soubirous"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20156 | 5733bed24776f41900661188 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching. | Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | [
"Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20157 | 5733bed24776f41900661189 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching. | What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | [
"What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moreau Seminary"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20158 | 5733bed24776f4190066118a | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching. | What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame? | What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame? | [
"What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Old College"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20159 | 5733bed24776f4190066118b | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching. | What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame? | What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame? | [
"What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Retired priests and brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20160 | 5733bed24776f4190066118c | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching. | Which prize did Frederick Buechner create? | Which prize did Frederick Buechner create? | [
"Which prize did Frederick Buechner create?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buechner Prize for Preaching"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20161 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61bd | University_of_Notre_Dame | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut. | How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame? | How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame? | [
"How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20162 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61be | University_of_Notre_Dame | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut. | When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing? | When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing? | [
"When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1876"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20163 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61bf | University_of_Notre_Dame | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut. | How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published? | How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published? | [
"How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?"
] | {
"text": [
"twice"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20164 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61c0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut. | What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called? | What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called? | [
"What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Observer"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20165 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61c1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut. | In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame? | In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame? | [
"In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"1987"
],
"answer_start": [
908
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20166 | 5733c0064776f41900661198 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet. | Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame? | Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame? | [
"Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"NDtv"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20167 | 5733c0064776f41900661199 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet. | How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002? | How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002? | [
"How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [
"one show"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20168 | 5733c0064776f4190066119a | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet. | Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM? | Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM? | [
"Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM?"
] | {
"text": [
"WSND-FM"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20169 | 5733c0064776f4190066119b | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet. | Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream? | Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream? | [
"Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream?"
] | {
"text": [
"WVFI"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20170 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61d7 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students. | How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost? | How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost? | [
"How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost?"
] | {
"text": [
"$215 million"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20171 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61d8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students. | When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame? | When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame? | [
"When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 3, 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20172 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61d9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students. | Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons? | Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons? | [
"Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kite Realty"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20173 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61da | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students. | Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons? | Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons? | [
"Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons?"
] | {
"text": [
"the City of South Bend"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20174 | 5733c0e6d058e614000b61db | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students. | There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom? | There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom? | [
"There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-union workers"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20175 | 5733c1a94776f419006611a6 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013β14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012β13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East. | What does the acronym NCAA stand for? | What does the acronym NCAA stand for? | [
"What does the acronym NCAA stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Collegiate Athletic Association"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20176 | 5733c1a94776f419006611a7 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013β14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012β13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East. | Which league did Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams participate in in 1982? | Which league did Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams participate in in 1982? | [
"Which league did Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams participate in in 1982?"
] | {
"text": [
"Horizon League"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20177 | 5733c1a94776f419006611a8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013β14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012β13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East. | What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in? | What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in? | [
"What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Midwest Fencing Conference"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20178 | 5733c1a94776f419006611a9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013β14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012β13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East. | There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it? | There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it? | [
"There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hockey East"
],
"answer_start": [
959
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20179 | 5733c1a94776f419006611aa | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013β14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012β13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East. | In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012? | In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012? | [
"In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"Big East Conference"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20180 | 5733c29c4776f419006611b8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013β14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012β13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014β15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. | To what conference did the Fighting Irish go after the Big East? | To what conference did the Fighting Irish go after the Big East? | [
"To what conference did the Fighting Irish go after the Big East?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ACC"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20181 | 5733c29c4776f419006611b9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013β14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012β13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014β15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. | How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents? | How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents? | [
"How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20182 | 5733c29c4776f419006611ba | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013β14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012β13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014β15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. | Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference? | Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference? | [
"Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Collegiate Hockey Association"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20183 | 5733c29c4776f419006611bb | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013β14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012β13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014β15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. | What colors are the official ones used by Notre Dame in sport competition? | What colors are the official ones used by Notre Dame in sport competition? | [
"What colors are the official ones used by Notre Dame in sport competition?"
] | {
"text": [
"Navy Blue and Gold Rush"
],
"answer_start": [
1223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20184 | 5733c29c4776f419006611bc | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013β14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012β13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014β15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure. | What type of mascot do the Notre Dame sport teams have? | What type of mascot do the Notre Dame sport teams have? | [
"What type of mascot do the Notre Dame sport teams have?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leprechaun"
],
"answer_start": [
1398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20185 | 5733c3184776f419006611c2 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. | Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams? | Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams? | [
"Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams?"
] | {
"text": [
"Under Armour"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20186 | 5733c3184776f419006611c3 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. | What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame? | What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame? | [
"What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"almost $100 million"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20187 | 5733c3184776f419006611c4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. | When did the Notre Dame marching band form? | When did the Notre Dame marching band form? | [
"When did the Notre Dame marching band form?"
] | {
"text": [
"1846"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20188 | 5733c3184776f419006611c5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. | What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band? | What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band? | [
"What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band?"
] | {
"text": [
"oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20189 | 5733c3184776f419006611c6 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. | What is the Notre Dame fight song? | What is the Notre Dame fight song? | [
"What is the Notre Dame fight song?"
] | {
"text": [
"Notre Dame Victory March"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20190 | 5733c4494776f419006611da | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country. | Which team did Notre Dame's football team find inspiration from? | Which team did Notre Dame's football team find inspiration from? | [
"Which team did Notre Dame's football team find inspiration from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Michigan Wolverines football team"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20191 | 5733c4494776f419006611db | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country. | In what year did Notre Dame football begin? | In what year did Notre Dame football begin? | [
"In what year did Notre Dame football begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1887"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20192 | 5733c4494776f419006611dc | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country. | What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners? | What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners? | [
"What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ohio State University"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20193 | 5733c4494776f419006611dd | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country. | Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh? | Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh? | [
"Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh?"
] | {
"text": [
"USC"
],
"answer_start": [
715
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20194 | 5733c4494776f419006611de | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country. | In terms of Notre Dame students in the College Football Hall of Fame the amount of students named is what ? | In terms of Notre Dame students in the College Football Hall of Fame the amount of students named is what ? | [
"In terms of Notre Dame students in the College Football Hall of Fame the amount of students named is what ?"
] | {
"text": [
"the most"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20195 | 5733c743d058e614000b622d | University_of_Notre_Dame | George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916β20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52β21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35β27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007. | What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920? | What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920? | [
"What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Gipp"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20196 | 5733c743d058e614000b622e | University_of_Notre_Dame | George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916β20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52β21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35β27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007. | Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to "win one for the Gipper?" | Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to "win one for the Gipper?" | [
"Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to \"win one for the Gipper?\""
] | {
"text": [
"the Army team"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20197 | 5733c743d058e614000b622f | University_of_Notre_Dame | George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916β20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52β21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35β27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007. | Which person portrayed Knute Rockne in the 1940 movie "Knute Rockne?" | Which person portrayed Knute Rockne in the 1940 movie "Knute Rockne?" | [
"Which person portrayed Knute Rockne in the 1940 movie \"Knute Rockne?\""
] | {
"text": [
"Pat O'Brien"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20198 | 5733c743d058e614000b6230 | University_of_Notre_Dame | George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916β20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52β21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35β27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007. | Ronald Reagan played the role of whom in 1940's "Knute Rockne?" | Ronald Reagan played the role of whom in 1940's "Knute Rockne?" | [
"Ronald Reagan played the role of whom in 1940's \"Knute Rockne?\""
] | {
"text": [
"Gipp"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20199 | 5733c743d058e614000b6231 | University_of_Notre_Dame | George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916β20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52β21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35β27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007. | How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium? | How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium? | [
"How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium?"
] | {
"text": [
"80,795"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
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