gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-20800 | 56cfc488234ae51400d9bf48 | IPod | All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.[citation needed] If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+. | If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with? | If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with? | [
"If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with?"
] | {
"text": [
"FAT32"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20801 | 56dd20d966d3e219004dabf3 | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | What branch of government does the prime minister lead? | What branch of government does the prime minister lead? | [
"What branch of government does the prime minister lead?"
] | {
"text": [
"executive"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20802 | 56dd20d966d3e219004dabf4 | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | What group is the prime minister usually in charge of? | What group is the prime minister usually in charge of? | [
"What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?"
] | {
"text": [
"cabinet"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20803 | 56dd20d966d3e219004dabf5 | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage? | In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage? | [
"In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil service"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20804 | 5acf70f877cf76001a684e3e | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch? | Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch? | [
"Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20805 | 5acf70f877cf76001a684e3f | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | What group oversees the Prime Minister? | What group oversees the Prime Minister? | [
"What group oversees the Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20806 | 5acf70f877cf76001a684e40 | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | Who selects the Prime Minister? | Who selects the Prime Minister? | [
"Who selects the Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20807 | 5acf70f877cf76001a684e41 | Prime_minister | A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state. | In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state? | In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state? | [
"In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20808 | 56dd21309a695914005b94fa | Prime_minister | In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. | What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based? | What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based? | [
"What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Westminster system"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20809 | 56dd21309a695914005b94fb | Prime_minister | In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. | What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments? | What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments? | [
"What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?"
] | {
"text": [
"ceremonial"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20810 | 5acf7a3677cf76001a684efe | Prime_minister | In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. | In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state? | In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state? | [
"In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20811 | 5acf7a3677cf76001a684eff | Prime_minister | In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. | In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers? | In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers? | [
"In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20812 | 56dd219e9a695914005b9500 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | What is a central duty of the prime minister? | What is a central duty of the prime minister? | [
"What is a central duty of the prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"ensure the passage of bills"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20813 | 56dd219e9a695914005b9501 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers? | What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers? | [
"What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?"
] | {
"text": [
"royal prerogative"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20814 | 56dd219e9a695914005b9502 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body? | Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body? | [
"Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?"
] | {
"text": [
"parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20815 | 5acf9d1f77cf76001a685502 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet? | Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet? | [
"Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20816 | 5acf9d1f77cf76001a685503 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers? | What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers? | [
"What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20817 | 5acf9d1f77cf76001a685504 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. | Who must consent to the use of royal perogative? | Who must consent to the use of royal perogative? | [
"Who must consent to the use of royal perogative?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20818 | 56dd22b366d3e219004dabfb | Prime_minister | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior | What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK? | What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK? | [
"What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20819 | 56dd22b366d3e219004dabfc | Prime_minister | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior | In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II? | In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II? | [
"In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minister of Defence"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20820 | 5acf9ec577cf76001a685596 | Prime_minister | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior | What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK? | What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK? | [
"What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20821 | 5acf9ec577cf76001a685597 | Prime_minister | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior | What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister? | What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister? | [
"What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20822 | 5acf9ec577cf76001a685598 | Prime_minister | As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior | What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel? | What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel? | [
"What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20823 | 56dd231566d3e219004dac01 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | When was the title of prime minister first used? | When was the title of prime minister first used? | [
"When was the title of prime minister first used?"
] | {
"text": [
"1625"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20824 | 56dd231566d3e219004dac02 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | Who coined the term prime minister? | Who coined the term prime minister? | [
"Who coined the term prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal Richelieu"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20825 | 56dd231566d3e219004dac03 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for? | What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for? | [
"What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20826 | 56dd231566d3e219004dac04 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister? | Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister? | [
"Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Louis XIV"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20827 | 5acfa23977cf76001a685638 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | What term was first used in the 16th century? | What term was first used in the 16th century? | [
"What term was first used in the 16th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20828 | 5acfa23977cf76001a685639 | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century? | Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century? | [
"Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20829 | 5acfa23977cf76001a68563a | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century | Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century | [
"Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20830 | 5acfa23977cf76001a68563b | Prime_minister | The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers. | Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers? | Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers? | [
"Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20831 | 56dd23589a695914005b9506 | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being? | When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being? | [
"When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20832 | 56dd23589a695914005b9507 | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense? | Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense? | [
"Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir Robert Walpole"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20833 | 5acfa31377cf76001a68568c | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | What came into use in the 1800's? | What came into use in the 1800's? | [
"What came into use in the 1800's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20834 | 5acfa31377cf76001a68568d | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister? | Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister? | [
"Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20835 | 5acfa31377cf76001a68568e | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | What title is no longer honorific? | What title is no longer honorific? | [
"What title is no longer honorific?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20836 | 5acfa31377cf76001a68568f | Prime_minister | The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. | What term was used negatively in the 1800's? | What term was used negatively in the 1800's? | [
"What term was used negatively in the 1800's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20837 | 56dd243f66d3e219004dac09 | Prime_minister | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". | Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII? | Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII? | [
"Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Cromwell"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20838 | 56dd243f66d3e219004dac0a | Prime_minister | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". | Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne? | Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne? | [
"Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?"
] | {
"text": [
"Godolphin"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20839 | 56dd243f66d3e219004dac0c | Prime_minister | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". | Who served as the head minister under Charles II? | Who served as the head minister under Charles II? | [
"Who served as the head minister under Charles II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clarendon"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20840 | 5acfa3cb77cf76001a6856b2 | Prime_minister | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". | Who did the monarchs of England and the United Kingdom not trust? | Who did the monarchs of England and the United Kingdom not trust? | [
"Who did the monarchs of England and the United Kingdom not trust?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20841 | 5acfa3cb77cf76001a6856b3 | Prime_minister | The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister". | What position did Thomas Cromwell hold under Queen Anne? | What position did Thomas Cromwell hold under Queen Anne? | [
"What position did Thomas Cromwell hold under Queen Anne?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20842 | 56dd25349a695914005b950a | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. | From whom did ministers derive their power? | From whom did ministers derive their power? | [
"From whom did ministers derive their power?"
] | {
"text": [
"the monarch"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20843 | 56dd25349a695914005b950c | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. | Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet? | Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet? | [
"Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?"
] | {
"text": [
"the monarch"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20844 | 5acfa46577cf76001a6856ca | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. | What majority was the prime minister dependent on? | What majority was the prime minister dependent on? | [
"What majority was the prime minister dependent on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20845 | 5acfa46577cf76001a6856cb | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. | What body did the monarch have no control over? | What body did the monarch have no control over? | [
"What body did the monarch have no control over?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20846 | 5acfa46577cf76001a6856cc | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. | What body had life long membership? | What body had life long membership? | [
"What body had life long membership?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20847 | 56dd25a59a695914005b9511 | Prime_minister | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. | Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously? | Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously? | [
"Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?"
] | {
"text": [
"Harley and St John"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20848 | 56dd25a59a695914005b9513 | Prime_minister | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. | Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch? | Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch? | [
"Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clarendon"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20849 | 5acfa4e977cf76001a6856da | Prime_minister | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. | What two ministers fought for power uner Anne? | What two ministers fought for power uner Anne? | [
"What two ministers fought for power uner Anne?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20850 | 5acfa4e977cf76001a6856db | Prime_minister | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. | Who exiled the monarch? | Who exiled the monarch? | [
"Who exiled the monarch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20851 | 5acfa4e977cf76001a6856dc | Prime_minister | When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power. | Who did the monarch refuse to have executed? | Who did the monarch refuse to have executed? | [
"Who did the monarch refuse to have executed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20852 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac12 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? | What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch? | [
"What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glorious Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20853 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac13 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power? | What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power? | [
"What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bill of Rights"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20854 | 56dd260266d3e219004dac14 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights? | What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights? | [
"What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?"
] | {
"text": [
"House of Commons"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20855 | 5acfa94777cf76001a685794 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What war took place in the 1700's? | What war took place in the 1700's? | [
"What war took place in the 1700's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20856 | 5acfa94777cf76001a685795 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What war strenthened the monarchs position? | What war strenthened the monarchs position? | [
"What war strenthened the monarchs position?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20857 | 5acfa94777cf76001a685796 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What Revolution took place in the 17th century? | What Revolution took place in the 17th century? | [
"What Revolution took place in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20858 | 5acfa94777cf76001a685797 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What bill was passed in the 17th century? | What bill was passed in the 17th century? | [
"What bill was passed in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20859 | 5acfa94777cf76001a685798 | Prime_minister | In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge. | What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes? | What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes? | [
"What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20860 | 56dd26729a695914005b9520 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister? | The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister? | [
"The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"George I"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20861 | 56dd26729a695914005b9521 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | In what year did Queen Anne die? | In what year did Queen Anne die? | [
"In what year did Queen Anne die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1714"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20862 | 56dd26729a695914005b9522 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | Where was George I's home? | Where was George I's home? | [
"Where was George I's home?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanover"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20863 | 5acfadb377cf76001a685816 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | When did George I die? | When did George I die? | [
"When did George I die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20864 | 5acfadb377cf76001a685817 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | What language did George speak? | What language did George speak? | [
"What language did George speak?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20865 | 5acfadb377cf76001a685818 | Prime_minister | A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government. | Who did George appoint head of the government? | Who did George appoint head of the government? | [
"Who did George appoint head of the government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20866 | 56dd26ee9a695914005b9526 | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister? | For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister? | [
"For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"twenty-one years"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20867 | 56dd26ee9a695914005b9527 | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | What party did Walpole belong to? | What party did Walpole belong to? | [
"What party did Walpole belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whig"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20868 | 56dd26ee9a695914005b9528 | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister? | What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister? | [
"What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"doctrine of cabinet solidarity"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20869 | 56dd26ee9a695914005b9529 | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy? | What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy? | [
"What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?"
] | {
"text": [
"resign"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20870 | 56dd26ee9a695914005b952a | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity? | Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity? | [
"Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20871 | 5acfb19277cf76001a6858da | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | Who was the prime minister in the 17th century? | Who was the prime minister in the 17th century? | [
"Who was the prime minister in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20872 | 5acfb19277cf76001a6858db | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister? | Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister? | [
"Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20873 | 5acfb19277cf76001a6858dc | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | Who's opponents packed the House of Commons? | Who's opponents packed the House of Commons? | [
"Who's opponents packed the House of Commons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20874 | 5acfb19277cf76001a6858dd | Prime_minister | From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." | Who did the monarch declare could see him in private? | Who did the monarch declare could see him in private? | [
"Who did the monarch declare could see him in private?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20875 | 56dd2d7d9a695914005b9530 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister? | Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister? | [
"Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"parliamentarians and legal scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20876 | 56dd2d7d9a695914005b9531 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy? | Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy? | [
"Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy?"
] | {
"text": [
"George II and George III"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20877 | 56dd2d7d9a695914005b9533 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents? | During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents? | [
"During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents?"
] | {
"text": [
"Benjamin Disraeli"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20878 | 56dd2d7d9a695914005b9534 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | When was the position of prime minister finally formalized? | When was the position of prime minister finally formalized? | [
"When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?"
] | {
"text": [
"1905"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20879 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685940 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister? | Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister? | [
"Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20880 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685941 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | What monarch gave more power to the prime minister? | What monarch gave more power to the prime minister? | [
"What monarch gave more power to the prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20881 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685942 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | Who was loyal to the Commons? | Who was loyal to the Commons? | [
"Who was loyal to the Commons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20882 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685943 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. | What prime minster was mentally ill? | What prime minster was mentally ill? | [
"What prime minster was mentally ill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20883 | 56dd2e5966d3e219004dac1f | Prime_minister | By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority. | In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power? | In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power? | [
"In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?"
] | {
"text": [
"president"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20884 | 5acfb7c977cf76001a685a3c | Prime_minister | By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority. | What did most countries have by the late 2000's? | What did most countries have by the late 2000's? | [
"What did most countries have by the late 2000's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20885 | 5acfb7c977cf76001a685a3d | Prime_minister | By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority. | Where in the Amaricas has the British system been adopted? | Where in the Amaricas has the British system been adopted? | [
"Where in the Amaricas has the British system been adopted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20886 | 56dd2ea866d3e219004dac23 | Prime_minister | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister? | Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister? | [
"Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20887 | 56dd2ea866d3e219004dac24 | Prime_minister | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister? | When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister? | [
"When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20888 | 56dd2ea866d3e219004dac25 | Prime_minister | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister? | What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister? | [
"What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bahrain"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20889 | 5acfb8fa77cf76001a685a76 | Prime_minister | Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. | who is the longest serving elected prime minister? | who is the longest serving elected prime minister? | [
"who is the longest serving elected prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20890 | 56dd2f1f9a695914005b9545 | Prime_minister | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". | Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government? | Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government? | [
"Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?"
] | {
"text": [
"parliamentary republics"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20891 | 56dd2f1f9a695914005b9546 | Prime_minister | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". | In whic type of government is the leader elected? | In whic type of government is the leader elected? | [
"In whic type of government is the leader elected?"
] | {
"text": [
"parliamentary republics"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20892 | 5acfbc9077cf76001a685b64 | Prime_minister | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". | What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch? | What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch? | [
"What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20893 | 5acfbc9077cf76001a685b65 | Prime_minister | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". | Who is elected in a constitutional monarch? | Who is elected in a constitutional monarch? | [
"Who is elected in a constitutional monarch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20894 | 56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2b | Prime_minister | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. | What is the term for the head of China's government? | What is the term for the head of China's government? | [
"What is the term for the head of China's government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Premier of the State Council"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20895 | 56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2c | Prime_minister | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. | What is another name for the Republic of China? | What is another name for the Republic of China? | [
"What is another name for the Republic of China?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiwan"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20896 | 56dd2f9a66d3e219004dac2d | Prime_minister | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. | Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office? | Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office? | [
"Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?"
] | {
"text": [
"legislature"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20897 | 5acfc02977cf76001a685c76 | Prime_minister | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. | Who is both head of state and the head of government in France? | Who is both head of state and the head of government in France? | [
"Who is both head of state and the head of government in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20898 | 5acfc02977cf76001a685c77 | Prime_minister | This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature. | Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan? | Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan? | [
"Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20899 | 56dd2ff966d3e219004dac33 | Prime_minister | Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation. | What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties? | What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties? | [
"What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?"
] | {
"text": [
"cohabitation"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
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