gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-23800 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a64 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What happened between 1983 to 1995? | What happened between 1983 to 1995? | [
"What happened between 1983 to 1995?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23801 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a65 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What happened between 1938 to 1959? | What happened between 1938 to 1959? | [
"What happened between 1938 to 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23802 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a66 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What are no actions in the federal government known as? | What are no actions in the federal government known as? | [
"What are no actions in the federal government known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23803 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a67 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What did the court accept in 1995? | What did the court accept in 1995? | [
"What did the court accept in 1995?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23804 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a68 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What did the court reject in 1949? | What did the court reject in 1949? | [
"What did the court reject in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23805 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d2 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | How many components does the Belgian political landscape include? | How many components does the Belgian political landscape include? | [
"How many components does the Belgian political landscape include?"
] | {
"text": [
"two components"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23806 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d3 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape? | What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape? | [
"What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23807 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d4 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What component is the Brussel Region? | What component is the Brussel Region? | [
"What component is the Brussel Region?"
] | {
"text": [
"third component"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23808 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d5 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What happens with the Brussels special position? | What happens with the Brussels special position? | [
"What happens with the Brussels special position?"
] | {
"text": [
"consequently has a number of political issues"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23809 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0a | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | How many components does the Belgian political landscape exclude? | How many components does the Belgian political landscape exclude? | [
"How many components does the Belgian political landscape exclude?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23810 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0b | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | How many components doesn't the Belgian political landscape include? | How many components doesn't the Belgian political landscape include? | [
"How many components doesn't the Belgian political landscape include?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23811 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0c | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape? | What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape? | [
"What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23812 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0d | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What component isn't the Brussel Region? | What component isn't the Brussel Region? | [
"What component isn't the Brussel Region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23813 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0e | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What happens without the Brussels special position? | What happens without the Brussels special position? | [
"What happens without the Brussels special position?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23814 | 57283db82ca10214002da15e | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | The US Constitution says what to amendments? | The US Constitution says what to amendments? | [
"The US Constitution says what to amendments? "
] | {
"text": [
"provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23815 | 57283db82ca10214002da15f | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur? | What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur? | [
"What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23816 | 57283db82ca10214002da160 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first? | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first? | [
"Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?"
] | {
"text": [
"would require unanimous consent of the provinces."
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23817 | 57283db82ca10214002da161 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | What is the German basic law? | What is the German basic law? | [
"What is the German basic law?"
] | {
"text": [
"provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system."
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23818 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb0 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | The UN Constitution says what to amendments? | The UN Constitution says what to amendments? | [
"The UN Constitution says what to amendments? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23819 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb1 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | The US Constitution doesn't say what to amendments? | The US Constitution doesn't say what to amendments? | [
"The US Constitution doesn't say what to amendments? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23820 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb2 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last? | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last? | [
"Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23821 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb3 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | What happens when certain constitutional amendments can occur? | What happens when certain constitutional amendments can occur? | [
"What happens when certain constitutional amendments can occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23822 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb4 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | What is the German advanced law? | What is the German advanced law? | [
"What is the German advanced law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23823 | 57283e934b864d19001647e0 | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | What does every component state of federation possess? | What does every component state of federation possess? | [
"What does every component state of federation possess?"
] | {
"text": [
"the same powers"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23824 | 57283e934b864d19001647e1 | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Asymmetric federalism exist when? | Asymmetric federalism exist when? | [
"Asymmetric federalism exist when?"
] | {
"text": [
"where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23825 | 57283e934b864d19001647e2 | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | What cities in Spain are in the historic movement? | What cities in Spain are in the historic movement? | [
"What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23826 | 57283e934b864d19001647e3 | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Is Spain apart of federalism? | Is Spain apart of federalism? | [
"Is Spain apart of federalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state."
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23827 | 5acfc1f777cf76001a685d1c | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | What does no components state of federation possess? | What does no components state of federation possess? | [
"What does no components state of federation possess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23828 | 5acfc1f777cf76001a685d1d | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | What does every component state of federation not possess? | What does every component state of federation not possess? | [
"What does every component state of federation not possess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23829 | 5acfc1f777cf76001a685d1e | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Symmetric federalism exist when? | Symmetric federalism exist when? | [
"Symmetric federalism exist when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23830 | 5acfc1f777cf76001a685d1f | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Why is Spain a part of federalism? | Why is Spain a part of federalism? | [
"Why is Spain a part of federalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23831 | 57283f724b864d19001647f2 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? | What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? | [
"What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? "
] | {
"text": [
"special procedures"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23832 | 57283f724b864d19001647f3 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | [
"What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?"
] | {
"text": [
"federal structure"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23833 | 57283f724b864d19001647f4 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution? | What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution? | [
"What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23834 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e74 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What doesn't federations have for amendments of the constitution? | What doesn't federations have for amendments of the constitution? | [
"What doesn't federations have for amendments of the constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23835 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e75 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What does federations have for amendments of the conservation? | What does federations have for amendments of the conservation? | [
"What does federations have for amendments of the conservation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23836 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e76 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states? | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states? | [
"What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23837 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e77 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What will not guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | What will not guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | [
"What will not guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23838 | 5acfc62a77cf76001a685e78 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What doesn't need to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution? | What doesn't need to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution? | [
"What doesn't need to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23839 | 5728402c4b864d19001647f8 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What does the structures of the federal government incorporate? | What does the structures of the federal government incorporate? | [
"What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?"
] | {
"text": [
"mechanisms to protect the rights of component states"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23840 | 5728402c4b864d19001647f9 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is one method to protect the rights of the component states? | What is one method to protect the rights of the component states? | [
"What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?"
] | {
"text": [
"intrastate federalism"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23841 | 5728402c4b864d19001647fa | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is intrastate federalism? | What is intrastate federalism? | [
"What is intrastate federalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23842 | 5728402c4b864d19001647fb | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is a bicameral legislature? | What is a bicameral legislature? | [
"What is a bicameral legislature?"
] | {
"text": [
"the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23843 | 5acfc40877cf76001a685dc4 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What does the structures of the federal government ignore? | What does the structures of the federal government ignore? | [
"What does the structures of the federal government ignore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23844 | 5acfc40877cf76001a685dc5 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What does the structures of the local government incorporate? | What does the structures of the local government incorporate? | [
"What does the structures of the local government incorporate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23845 | 5acfc40877cf76001a685dc6 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is one method to strike the rights of the component states? | What is one method to strike the rights of the component states? | [
"What is one method to strike the rights of the component states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23846 | 5acfc40877cf76001a685dc7 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What isn't intrastate federalism? | What isn't intrastate federalism? | [
"What isn't intrastate federalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23847 | 5acfc40877cf76001a685dc8 | Federalism | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | What is a tricameral legislature? | What is a tricameral legislature? | [
"What is a tricameral legislature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23848 | 572840b1ff5b5019007da002 | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What does federations often employ? | What does federations often employ? | [
"What does federations often employ?"
] | {
"text": [
"union of states"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23849 | 572840b1ff5b5019007da003 | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What is federalist paper no. 39? | What is federalist paper no. 39? | [
"What is federalist paper no. 39?"
] | {
"text": [
"that the US Constitution \"is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23850 | 572840b1ff5b5019007da004 | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39? | What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39? | [
"What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?"
] | {
"text": [
"it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national.."
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23851 | 572840b1ff5b5019007da005 | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What is the 10th Amendment in the United States? | What is the 10th Amendment in the United States? | [
"What is the 10th Amendment in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people."
],
"answer_start": [
729
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23852 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6a | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What does federations never employ? | What does federations never employ? | [
"What does federations never employ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23853 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6b | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What does federalist paper no. 93 contain? | What does federalist paper no. 93 contain? | [
"What does federalist paper no. 93 contain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23854 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6c | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain? | What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain? | [
"What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23855 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6d | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 93? | What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 93? | [
"What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 93?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23856 | 5acfc2d877cf76001a685d6e | Federalism | Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; ... | What is the 10th Amendment in the United Nations? | What is the 10th Amendment in the United Nations? | [
"What is the 10th Amendment in the United Nations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23857 | 5728418f2ca10214002da1b4 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | When is a federation formed? | When is a federation formed? | [
"When is a federation formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"two levels"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23858 | 5728418f2ca10214002da1b5 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What two levels equal a federation? | What two levels equal a federation? | [
"What two levels equal a federation?"
] | {
"text": [
"the central government and the regions"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23859 | 5728418f2ca10214002da1b6 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | Why is Brazil an exception? | Why is Brazil an exception? | [
"Why is Brazil an exception?"
] | {
"text": [
"because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23860 | 5728418f2ca10214002da1b7 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What is each state divided into? | What is each state divided into? | [
"What is each state divided into?"
] | {
"text": [
"municipalities"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23861 | 5728418f2ca10214002da1b8 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What does each state have their own of? | What does each state have their own of? | [
"What does each state have their own of?"
] | {
"text": [
"with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23862 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d48 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | When is a federation dissolved? | When is a federation dissolved? | [
"When is a federation dissolved?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23863 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d49 | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What two levels don't equal a federation? | What two levels don't equal a federation? | [
"What two levels don't equal a federation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23864 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d4a | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | Why is Brazil not an exception? | Why is Brazil not an exception? | [
"Why is Brazil not an exception?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23865 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d4b | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What is each city divided into? | What is each city divided into? | [
"What is each city divided into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23866 | 5acfc26777cf76001a685d4c | Federalism | Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political e... | What doesn't each state have their own of? | What doesn't each state have their own of? | [
"What doesn't each state have their own of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23867 | 5728424d2ca10214002da1c8 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | China is the largest what? | China is the largest what? | [
"China is the largest what?"
] | {
"text": [
"China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23868 | 5728424d2ca10214002da1c9 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of? | What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of? | [
"What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of?"
] | {
"text": [
"decentralization"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23869 | 5728424d2ca10214002da1ca | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | Why is China's government similar to unity structure? | Why is China's government similar to unity structure? | [
"Why is China's government similar to unity structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23870 | 5728424d2ca10214002da1cb | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | How long has China been with centralized power? | How long has China been with centralized power? | [
"How long has China been with centralized power?"
] | {
"text": [
"centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23871 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b68 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | China is the smallest what? | China is the smallest what? | [
"China is the smallest what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23872 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b69 | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | What are Chinese nationalist in favor of? | What are Chinese nationalist in favor of? | [
"What are Chinese nationalist in favor of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23873 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b6a | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | What are Chinese socialists suspicious of? | What are Chinese socialists suspicious of? | [
"What are Chinese socialists suspicious of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23874 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b6b | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | Why is China's government not similar to unity structure? | Why is China's government not similar to unity structure? | [
"Why is China's government not similar to unity structure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23875 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b6c | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | How long has China been without centralized power? | How long has China been without centralized power? | [
"How long has China been without centralized power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23876 | 572842e03acd2414000df7fb | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of state is the Philippines? | What type of state is the Philippines? | [
"What type of state is the Philippines?"
] | {
"text": [
"unitary state"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23877 | 572842e03acd2414000df7fc | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What types of powers does the Philippines have? | What types of powers does the Philippines have? | [
"What types of powers does the Philippines have?"
] | {
"text": [
"some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23878 | 572842e03acd2414000df7fd | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? | What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? | [
"What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? "
] | {
"text": [
"possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system."
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23879 | 572842e03acd2414000df7fe | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish? | What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish? | [
"What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Consultative Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23880 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b8e | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of state isn't the Philippines? | What type of state isn't the Philippines? | [
"What type of state isn't the Philippines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23881 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b8f | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What types of powers does the Philippines give up? | What types of powers does the Philippines give up? | [
"What types of powers does the Philippines give up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23882 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b90 | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution? | What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution? | [
"What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23883 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b91 | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What type of songs have been added to the Philippines Constitution? | What type of songs have been added to the Philippines Constitution? | [
"What type of songs have been added to the Philippines Constitution? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23884 | 5acfbcfd77cf76001a685b92 | Federalism | The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, inclu... | What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo desolve? | What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo desolve? | [
"What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo desolve?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23885 | 5728442e2ca10214002da200 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of state is Spain? | What type of state is Spain? | [
"What type of state is Spain?"
] | {
"text": [
"unitary state"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23886 | 5728442e2ca10214002da201 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of federalism system does Spain have? | What type of federalism system does Spain have? | [
"What type of federalism system does Spain have?"
] | {
"text": [
"unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a \"federation without federalism\""
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23887 | 5728442e2ca10214002da202 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of government does Spain have? | What type of government does Spain have? | [
"What type of government does Spain have?"
] | {
"text": [
"central government"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23888 | 5728442e2ca10214002da203 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What does Spain's government accounts for? | What does Spain's government accounts for? | [
"What does Spain's government accounts for?"
] | {
"text": [
"8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23889 | 5acfbd5b77cf76001a685ba8 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of state isn't Spain? | What type of state isn't Spain? | [
"What type of state isn't Spain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23890 | 5acfbd5b77cf76001a685ba9 | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of federalism system does Spain reject? | What type of federalism system does Spain reject? | [
"What type of federalism system does Spain reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23891 | 5acfbd5b77cf76001a685baa | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of communism system does Spain have? | What type of communism system does Spain have? | [
"What type of communism system does Spain have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23892 | 5acfbd5b77cf76001a685bab | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What type of government doesn't Spain have? | What type of government doesn't Spain have? | [
"What type of government doesn't Spain have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23893 | 5acfbd5b77cf76001a685bac | Federalism | Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the re... | What does Spain's government not account for? | What does Spain's government not account for? | [
"What does Spain's government not account for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23894 | 572844c5ff5b5019007da066 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | How has United Kingdom been governed? | How has United Kingdom been governed? | [
"How has United Kingdom been governed?"
] | {
"text": [
"unitary state"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23895 | 572844c5ff5b5019007da067 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do? | Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do? | [
"Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23896 | 572844c5ff5b5019007da068 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | When did devolution in the UK begin? | When did devolution in the UK begin? | [
"When did devolution in the UK begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23897 | 572844c5ff5b5019007da069 | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | What is Ireland Act 1914? | What is Ireland Act 1914? | [
"What is Ireland Act 1914?"
] | {
"text": [
"which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23898 | 572844c5ff5b5019007da06a | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | What is Irish Free State? | What is Irish Free State? | [
"What is Irish Free State?"
] | {
"text": [
"eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23899 | 5acfbe5777cf76001a685bfc | Federalism | The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a unitary state by the Westminster Parliament in London. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the Government of Ireland Act 1914 which granted home rule to Irela... | How has United Kingdom not been governed? | How has United Kingdom not been governed? | [
"How has United Kingdom not been governed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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