gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-24500 | 56dfbe777aa994140058e0e1 | Lighting | The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for thei... | What does the IESNA stand for? | What does the IESNA stand for? | [
"What does the IESNA stand for? "
] | {
"text": [
"The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24501 | 56dfbe777aa994140058e0e2 | Lighting | The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for thei... | Who else publishes along with IESNA? | Who else publishes along with IESNA? | [
"Who else publishes along with IESNA? "
] | {
"text": [
"ANSI and ASHRAE"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24502 | 56dfbe777aa994140058e0e4 | Lighting | The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for thei... | What defines photo metric data? | What defines photo metric data? | [
"What defines photo metric data?"
] | {
"text": [
"distribution of light released"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24503 | 56dfbf1c7aa994140058e0fd | Lighting | The International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) is an organization which focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers. Those fully independent designers who meet the requirements for professional membership in the association typic... | What does IALD stand for? | What does IALD stand for? | [
"What does IALD stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"The International Association of Lighting Designers"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24504 | 56dfbfd97aa994140058e109 | Lighting | The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design. They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world. | What does PLDA stand for? | What does PLDA stand for? | [
"What does PLDA stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Professional Lighting Designers Association"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24505 | 56dfbfd97aa994140058e10a | Lighting | The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design. They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world. | What was the PLDA formerly known as? | What was the PLDA formerly known as? | [
"What was the PLDA formerly known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"ELDA"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24506 | 56dfc0b67aa994140058e123 | Lighting | The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of ... | Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? | Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? | [
"Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? "
] | {
"text": [
"NCQLP"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24507 | 56dfc0b67aa994140058e124 | Lighting | The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of ... | What does NCQLP stand for? | What does NCQLP stand for? | [
"What does NCQLP stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24508 | 56dfc0b67aa994140058e125 | Lighting | The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of ... | Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified? | Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified? | [
"Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified?"
] | {
"text": [
"LC"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24509 | 56dfc0b67aa994140058e126 | Lighting | The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of ... | What other national examinations are available? | What other national examinations are available? | [
"What other national examinations are available?"
] | {
"text": [
"CLEP and CLMC"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24510 | 56dfc1797aa994140058e12b | Lighting | The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and servic... | What does PLASA stand for? | What does PLASA stand for? | [
"What does PLASA stand for? "
] | {
"text": [
"The Professional Lighting And Sound Association"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24511 | 56dfc1797aa994140058e12c | Lighting | The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and servic... | Where is PLASA based? | Where is PLASA based? | [
"Where is PLASA based?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24512 | 56dfc1797aa994140058e12d | Lighting | The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and servic... | How many individuals does PLASA represent? | How many individuals does PLASA represent? | [
"How many individuals does PLASA represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"500+"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24513 | 56dfc1797aa994140058e12e | Lighting | The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and servic... | What does RoHS stand for? | What does RoHS stand for? | [
"What does RoHS stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive"
],
"answer_start": [
807
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24514 | 56ce304daab44d1400b8850e | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | What city in the United States has the highest population? | What city in the United States has the highest population? | [
"What city in the United States has the highest population?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24515 | 56ce304daab44d1400b8850f | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | In what city is the United Nations based? | In what city is the United Nations based? | [
"In what city is the United Nations based?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24516 | 56ce304daab44d1400b88510 | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | What city has been called the cultural capital of the world? | What city has been called the cultural capital of the world? | [
"What city has been called the cultural capital of the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24517 | 56ce304daab44d1400b88511 | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants? | What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants? | [
"What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24518 | 56cf5d41aab44d1400b89130 | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | The major gateway for immigration has been which US city? | The major gateway for immigration has been which US city? | [
"The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York City"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24519 | 56cf5d41aab44d1400b89131 | New_York_City | New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urb... | The most populated city in the United States is which city? | The most populated city in the United States is which city? | [
"The most populated city in the United States is which city?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York City"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24520 | 56ce3124aab44d1400b8852a | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | How many boroughs comprise New York City? | How many boroughs comprise New York City? | [
"How many boroughs comprise New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24521 | 56ce3124aab44d1400b8852b | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city? | In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city? | [
"In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city?"
] | {
"text": [
"1898"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24522 | 56ce3124aab44d1400b8852c | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be? | In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be? | [
"In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,491,079"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24523 | 56ce3124aab44d1400b8852d | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | What is the size of New York City in square miles? | What is the size of New York City in square miles? | [
"What is the size of New York City in square miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"305"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24524 | 56ce3124aab44d1400b8852e | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area? | What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area? | [
"What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?"
] | {
"text": [
"23.6 million"
],
"answer_start": [
826
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24525 | 56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1b | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | How man boroughs does New York City contain? | How man boroughs does New York City contain? | [
"How man boroughs does New York City contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24526 | 56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1c | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | The five boroughs of New York City are named what? | The five boroughs of New York City are named what? | [
"The five boroughs of New York City are named what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24527 | 56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1d | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date? | All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date? | [
"All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"1898"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24528 | 56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1e | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | What is the population of New York City as of 2014? | What is the population of New York City as of 2014? | [
"What is the population of New York City as of 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,491,079"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24529 | 56cf9d81234ae51400d9be1f | New_York_City | Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of ... | How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City? | How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City? | [
"How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"800"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24530 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853a | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | What was the trading post that preceded New York City called? | What was the trading post that preceded New York City called? | [
"What was the trading post that preceded New York City called?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Amsterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24531 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853b | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | What nation founded New Amsterdam? | What nation founded New Amsterdam? | [
"What nation founded New Amsterdam?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Dutch Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24532 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853c | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States? | In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States? | [
"In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"1790"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24533 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853d | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | When did the English take over the area from the Dutch? | When did the English take over the area from the Dutch? | [
"When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"1664"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24534 | 56ce31baaab44d1400b8853e | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States? | In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States? | [
"In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"1790"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24535 | 56cf9df0234ae51400d9be25 | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | When was New York City established? | When was New York City established? | [
"When was New York City established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1624"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24536 | 56cf9df0234ae51400d9be26 | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date? | New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date? | [
"New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?"
] | {
"text": [
"1626"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24537 | 56cf9df0234ae51400d9be27 | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | The English occupied New York City beginning on what date? | The English occupied New York City beginning on what date? | [
"The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?"
] | {
"text": [
"1664"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24538 | 56cf9df0234ae51400d9be29 | New_York_City | New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city... | New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date? | New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date? | [
"New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date?"
] | {
"text": [
"1790"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24539 | 56ce32e7aab44d1400b88550 | New_York_City | Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "... | How many tourists visited New York in 2014? | How many tourists visited New York in 2014? | [
"How many tourists visited New York in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"56 million"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24540 | 56ce32e7aab44d1400b88551 | New_York_City | Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "... | How many stations are operated by the New York City Subway? | How many stations are operated by the New York City Subway? | [
"How many stations are operated by the New York City Subway?"
] | {
"text": [
"469"
],
"answer_start": [
1303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24541 | 56ce32e7aab44d1400b88552 | New_York_City | Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "... | In what borough is Wall Street located? | In what borough is Wall Street located? | [
"In what borough is Wall Street located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24542 | 56cf9f16234ae51400d9be30 | New_York_City | Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "... | How many school and universities are in NYC? | How many school and universities are in NYC? | [
"How many school and universities are in NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"120"
],
"answer_start": [
1386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24543 | 56cf9f16234ae51400d9be31 | New_York_City | Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "... | NYC has the two largest stock exchanges in the world which are called what? | NYC has the two largest stock exchanges in the world which are called what? | [
"NYC has the two largest stock exchanges in the world which are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ"
],
"answer_start": [
906
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24544 | 56ce3348aab44d1400b88560 | New_York_City | During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart... | What island was once a part of Long Island? | What island was once a part of Long Island? | [
"What island was once a part of Long Island?"
] | {
"text": [
"Staten Island"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24545 | 56ce3348aab44d1400b88561 | New_York_City | During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart... | During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep? | During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep? | [
"During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Wisconsinan glaciation"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24546 | 56cf9f4b234ae51400d9be35 | New_York_City | During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart... | Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon? | Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon? | [
"Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?"
] | {
"text": [
"ice sheet"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24547 | 56ce33aaaab44d1400b8856a | New_York_City | In the precolonial era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by various bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island; the western portion of Long Island, including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens; Manhat... | What was the name of the Lenape homeland? | What was the name of the Lenape homeland? | [
"What was the name of the Lenape homeland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lenapehoking"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24548 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88580 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area? | In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area? | [
"In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"1524"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24549 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88581 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area? | What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area? | [
"What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Giovanni da Verrazzano"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24550 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88582 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship? | What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship? | [
"What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship?"
] | {
"text": [
"La Dauphine"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24551 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88583 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve? | What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve? | [
"What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24552 | 56ce345caab44d1400b88584 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it? | What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it? | [
"What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nouvelle Angoulême"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24553 | 56cfa06a234ae51400d9be39 | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | When was the first European to visit the area of NYC? | When was the first European to visit the area of NYC? | [
"When was the first European to visit the area of NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"1524"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24554 | 56cfa06a234ae51400d9be3a | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what? | Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what? | [
"Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?"
] | {
"text": [
"La Dauphine"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24555 | 56cfa06a234ae51400d9be3b | New_York_City | The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). | Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country? | Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country? | [
"Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24556 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88594 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor? | In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor? | [
"In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"1525"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24557 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88595 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | Who commanded the Spanish expedition? | Who commanded the Spanish expedition? | [
"Who commanded the Spanish expedition?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estêvão Gomes"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24558 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88596 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes? | What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes? | [
"What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24559 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88597 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve? | What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve? | [
"What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles V"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24560 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88598 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship? | What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship? | [
"What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?"
] | {
"text": [
"La Anunciada"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24561 | 56cfa4d8234ae51400d9be3f | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes? | The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes? | [
"The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rio de San Antonio"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24562 | 56cfa4d8234ae51400d9be40 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast? | What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast? | [
"What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Padrón Real"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24563 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885aa | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609? | What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609? | [
"What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Hudson"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24564 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885ab | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | Who was Henry Hudson working for? | Who was Henry Hudson working for? | [
"Who was Henry Hudson working for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dutch East India Company"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24565 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885ac | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod? | In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod? | [
"In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod?"
] | {
"text": [
"1614"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24566 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885ad | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region? | How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region? | [
"How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24567 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885ae | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River? | What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River? | [
"What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?"
] | {
"text": [
"North River"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24568 | 56cfab96234ae51400d9be43 | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s? | Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s? | [
"Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dutch East India Company"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24569 | 56cfab96234ae51400d9be44 | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch? | In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch? | [
"In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"1614"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24570 | 56cfab96234ae51400d9be45 | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609? | Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609? | [
"Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Hudson"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24571 | 56ce362aaab44d1400b885bc | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | Where was Juan Rodriguez born? | Where was Juan Rodriguez born? | [
"Where was Juan Rodriguez born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santo Domingo"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24572 | 56ce362aaab44d1400b885bd | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez? | What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez? | [
"What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jan Rodrigues"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24573 | 56ce362aaab44d1400b885be | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation? | What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation? | [
"What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"trader"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24574 | 56ce362aaab44d1400b885bf | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez? | What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez? | [
"What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez?"
] | {
"text": [
"Juan Rodriguez Way"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24575 | 56ce362aaab44d1400b885c0 | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York? | During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York? | [
"During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"winter"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24576 | 56cfabed234ae51400d9be49 | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC? | Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC? | [
"Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Juan Rodriguez"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24577 | 56cfabed234ae51400d9be4b | New_York_City | The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the ... | Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez? | Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez? | [
"Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez?"
] | {
"text": [
"Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24578 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b0f | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs? | On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs? | [
"On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Governors Island"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24579 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b10 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | On what island was Fort Amsterdam built? | On what island was Fort Amsterdam built? | [
"On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan Island"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24580 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b11 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam? | In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam? | [
"In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?"
] | {
"text": [
"1625"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24581 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b12 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch? | What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch? | [
"What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Minuit"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24582 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b13 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan? | In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan? | [
"In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?"
] | {
"text": [
"1626"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24583 | 56cfb206234ae51400d9be8f | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year? | New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year? | [
"New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1624"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24584 | 56cfb206234ae51400d9be90 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? | What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? | [
"What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?"
] | {
"text": [
"1625"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24585 | 56cfb206234ae51400d9be91 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ? | What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ? | [
"What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?"
] | {
"text": [
"glass beads"
],
"answer_start": [
752
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24586 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b19 | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | What did the English call New Amsterdam after its capture? | What did the English call New Amsterdam after its capture? | [
"What did the English call New Amsterdam after its capture?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24587 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1a | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | What was the regnal name of the Duke of York? | What was the regnal name of the Duke of York? | [
"What was the regnal name of the Duke of York?"
] | {
"text": [
"James II"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24588 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1b | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English? | What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English? | [
"What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Stuyvesant"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24589 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1c | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | What was Peter Stuyvesant's title? | What was Peter Stuyvesant's title? | [
"What was Peter Stuyvesant's title?"
] | {
"text": [
"Director-General"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24590 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1d | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | In what year did the English take over New Amsterdam? | In what year did the English take over New Amsterdam? | [
"In what year did the English take over New Amsterdam?"
] | {
"text": [
"1664"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24591 | 56cfb240234ae51400d9be96 | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | Who gave up New Amsterdam to the English without a fight in 1664? | Who gave up New Amsterdam to the English without a fight in 1664? | [
"Who gave up New Amsterdam to the English without a fight in 1664?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Stuyvesant"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24592 | 56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b23 | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | What was the regnal name of the Prince of Orange? | What was the regnal name of the Prince of Orange? | [
"What was the regnal name of the Prince of Orange?"
] | {
"text": [
"William III"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24593 | 56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b24 | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York? | What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York? | [
"What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 24, 1673"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24594 | 56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b25 | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | What did Colve call New York after he captured it? | What did Colve call New York after he captured it? | [
"What did Colve call New York after he captured it?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Orange"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24595 | 56cedc8eaab44d1400b88b26 | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | In what year did the Dutch give New York back to the English? | In what year did the Dutch give New York back to the English? | [
"In what year did the Dutch give New York back to the English?"
] | {
"text": [
"1674"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24596 | 56cfb43d234ae51400d9beab | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | August 24, 1673 is when which Dutch officer took control of NYC? | August 24, 1673 is when which Dutch officer took control of NYC? | [
"August 24, 1673 is when which Dutch officer took control of NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anthonio Colve"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24597 | 56cfb43d234ae51400d9beac | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | The Dutch gave back the island to which country in 1674 after their trade routes had been destroyed? | The Dutch gave back the island to which country in 1674 after their trade routes had been destroyed? | [
"The Dutch gave back the island to which country in 1674 after their trade routes had been destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24598 | 56cfb43d234ae51400d9bead | New_York_City | On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III. However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England... | New York was called New Orange for a period based off which historical figure? | New York was called New Orange for a period based off which historical figure? | [
"New York was called New Orange for a period based off which historical figure?"
] | {
"text": [
"King William III"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24599 | 56cedd1caab44d1400b88b41 | New_York_City | At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the English gained New Amsterdam (New York) in North America in exchange for Dutch control of Run, an Indonesian island. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lena... | After what war did the English receive New Amsterdam? | After what war did the English receive New Amsterdam? | [
"After what war did the English receive New Amsterdam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Second Anglo-Dutch War"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
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