gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-26300 | 5726b3d1f1498d1400e8e80c | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What did Burke think the war with France was against? | What did Burke think the war with France was against? | [
"What did Burke think the war with France was against?"
] | {
"text": [
"an \"armed doctrine\""
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26301 | 5726b3d1f1498d1400e8e80d | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned? | Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned? | [
"Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned?"
] | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26302 | 5726b3d1f1498d1400e8e80e | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted? | What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted? | [
"What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted?"
] | {
"text": [
"universal"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26303 | 5726b3d1f1498d1400e8e80f | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole? | Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole? | [
"Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole?"
] | {
"text": [
"the revolutionaries governing her"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26304 | 5ad0e0b4645df0001a2d0784 | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What type of doctrine did Burke propose? | What type of doctrine did Burke propose? | [
"What type of doctrine did Burke propose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26305 | 5ad0e0b4645df0001a2d0785 | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What country did Burke want partitioned? | What country did Burke want partitioned? | [
"What country did Burke want partitioned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26306 | 5ad0e0b4645df0001a2d0786 | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What kind of empire did Burke think Europe would become? | What kind of empire did Burke think Europe would become? | [
"What kind of empire did Burke think Europe would become?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26307 | 5ad0e0b4645df0001a2d0787 | Edmund_Burke | This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against Franc... | What did Burke say France was trying to extend? | What did Burke say France was trying to extend? | [
"What did Burke say France was trying to extend?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26308 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d70 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | Who did Burke write to about the price of corn? | Who did Burke write to about the price of corn? | [
"Who did Burke write to about the price of corn?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pitt"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26309 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d71 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage? | Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage? | [
"Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samuel Whitbread"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26310 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d72 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | Who was the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture? | Who was the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture? | [
"Who was the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arthur Young"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26311 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d73 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | Burke's unfinished letter to Arthur Young became part of what publication? | Burke's unfinished letter to Arthur Young became part of what publication? | [
"Burke's unfinished letter to Arthur Young became part of what publication?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thoughts and Details on Scarcity"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26312 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d74 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | When was 'Thoughts and Details on Scarcity' published? | When was 'Thoughts and Details on Scarcity' published? | [
"When was 'Thoughts and Details on Scarcity' published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1800"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26313 | 5ad0e131645df0001a2d0796 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | When did Pitt write to Burke? | When did Pitt write to Burke? | [
"When did Pitt write to Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26314 | 5ad0e131645df0001a2d0797 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | What bill did Fox introduce? | What bill did Fox introduce? | [
"What bill did Fox introduce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26315 | 5ad0e131645df0001a2d0798 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | What was the subject of the letter Arthur Young did not complete? | What was the subject of the letter Arthur Young did not complete? | [
"What was the subject of the letter Arthur Young did not complete?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26316 | 5ad0e131645df0001a2d0799 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | What was the name of the letters Young published? | What was the name of the letters Young published? | [
"What was the name of the letters Young published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26317 | 5ad0e131645df0001a2d079a | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | When did Fox die? | When did Fox die? | [
"When did Fox die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26318 | 5726b5565951b619008f7b4b | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant? | Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant? | [
"Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestant"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26319 | 5726b5565951b619008f7b4c | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India? | What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India? | [
"What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indianism"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26320 | 5726b5565951b619008f7b4d | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | Which continent did Jacobinism affect? | Which continent did Jacobinism affect? | [
"Which continent did Jacobinism affect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26321 | 5726b5565951b619008f7b4e | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat? | When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat? | [
"When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 1796"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26322 | 5726b5565951b619008f7b4f | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795? | What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795? | [
"What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jacobinism"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26323 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07a8 | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | What did Burke think was overrated? | What did Burke think was overrated? | [
"What did Burke think was overrated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26324 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07a9 | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | Who practiced Protestant ascendency? | Who practiced Protestant ascendency? | [
"Who practiced Protestant ascendency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26325 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07aa | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | What did Burke initially call Indianism? | What did Burke initially call Indianism? | [
"What did Burke initially call Indianism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26326 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07ab | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | When did Burke decide Indianism was not as great of an issue? | When did Burke decide Indianism was not as great of an issue? | [
"When did Burke decide Indianism was not as great of an issue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26327 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07ac | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | Burke never changed his mind on which ideology, which he called "the greatest evil"? | Burke never changed his mind on which ideology, which he called "the greatest evil"? | [
"Burke never changed his mind on which ideology, which he called \"the greatest evil\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26328 | 5726b60ef1498d1400e8e872 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Burke think was crucial for human life? | What did Burke think was crucial for human life? | [
"What did Burke think was crucial for human life?"
] | {
"text": [
"property"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26329 | 5726b60ef1498d1400e8e873 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Burke think a social hierarchy should be based on? | What did Burke think a social hierarchy should be based on? | [
"What did Burke think a social hierarchy should be based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"property"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26330 | 5726b60ef1498d1400e8e874 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | Who did Burke think a social class structure benefited? | Who did Burke think a social class structure benefited? | [
"Who did Burke think a social class structure benefited?"
] | {
"text": [
"all subjects"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26331 | 5726b60ef1498d1400e8e875 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | Who wrote that Burke "appealed to property owners"? | Who wrote that Burke "appealed to property owners"? | [
"Who wrote that Burke \"appealed to property owners\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christopher Hitchens"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26332 | 5726b60ef1498d1400e8e876 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Hitchens think Burke supported preserving? | What did Hitchens think Burke supported preserving? | [
"What did Hitchens think Burke supported preserving?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ancestral and the immemorial"
],
"answer_start": [
1066
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26333 | 5ad0e31f645df0001a2d07bc | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | Who was influenced by modern conservatism? | Who was influenced by modern conservatism? | [
"Who was influenced by modern conservatism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26334 | 5ad0e31f645df0001a2d07bd | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Christopher Hitchens believe was essential to human life? | What did Christopher Hitchens believe was essential to human life? | [
"What did Christopher Hitchens believe was essential to human life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26335 | 5ad0e31f645df0001a2d07be | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Burke believe kept the classes in check? | What did Burke believe kept the classes in check? | [
"What did Burke believe kept the classes in check?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26336 | 5ad0e31f645df0001a2d07bf | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Hitchens appeal to? | What did Hitchens appeal to? | [
"What did Hitchens appeal to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26337 | 5ad0e31f645df0001a2d07c0 | Edmund_Burke | Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural... | What did Burke believe was against the natural order of events? | What did Burke believe was against the natural order of events? | [
"What did Burke believe was against the natural order of events?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26338 | 5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db4 | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | Who thought Burke was prophetic about the French revolution's consequences? | Who thought Burke was prophetic about the French revolution's consequences? | [
"Who thought Burke was prophetic about the French revolution's consequences?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philip Francis"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26339 | 5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db5 | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | What did Francis think Burke's writing had too much of? | What did Francis think Burke's writing had too much of? | [
"What did Francis think Burke's writing had too much of?"
] | {
"text": [
"passion"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26340 | 5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db6 | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | Who made speeches very similar to Burke's in Parliament? | Who made speeches very similar to Burke's in Parliament? | [
"Who made speeches very similar to Burke's in Parliament?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Windham"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26341 | 5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db7 | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | When did Windham speak against peace with France? | When did Windham speak against peace with France? | [
"When did Windham speak against peace with France?"
] | {
"text": [
"1801"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26342 | 5726b6f4dd62a815002e8db8 | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | When did Wordsworth initially attack Burke? | When did Wordsworth initially attack Burke? | [
"When did Wordsworth initially attack Burke?"
] | {
"text": [
"1793"
],
"answer_start": [
974
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26343 | 5ad0e7c3645df0001a2d080a | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | When did both liberals and conservatives condemn Burke? | When did both liberals and conservatives condemn Burke? | [
"When did both liberals and conservatives condemn Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26344 | 5ad0e7c3645df0001a2d080b | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | When did Fox make a speech against peace with France? | When did Fox make a speech against peace with France? | [
"When did Fox make a speech against peace with France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26345 | 5ad0e7c3645df0001a2d080c | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | Besides Burke, who were Windham's favourite writers? | Besides Burke, who were Windham's favourite writers? | [
"Besides Burke, who were Windham's favourite writers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26346 | 5ad0e7c3645df0001a2d080d | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | What did Burke criticise Francis for having too much of in his writing? | What did Burke criticise Francis for having too much of in his writing? | [
"What did Burke criticise Francis for having too much of in his writing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26347 | 5ad0e7c3645df0001a2d080e | Edmund_Burke | In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful... | When did Benjamin Disraeli say he was deeply affected by Burke? | When did Benjamin Disraeli say he was deeply affected by Burke? | [
"When did Benjamin Disraeli say he was deeply affected by Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26348 | 5726b783dd62a815002e8dd8 | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | What political party was Gladstone in? | What political party was Gladstone in? | [
"What political party was Gladstone in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liberal"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26349 | 5726b783dd62a815002e8dd9 | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | What countries did Gladstone think Burke was wise about? | What countries did Gladstone think Burke was wise about? | [
"What countries did Gladstone think Burke was wise about?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ireland and America"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26350 | 5726b783dd62a815002e8dda | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | What was Cobden an activist against? | What was Cobden an activist against? | [
"What was Cobden an activist against?"
] | {
"text": [
"Corn Law"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26351 | 5726b783dd62a815002e8ddb | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | Lord Macaulay thought Burke was the best author since whom? | Lord Macaulay thought Burke was the best author since whom? | [
"Lord Macaulay thought Burke was the best author since whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Milton"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26352 | 5726b783dd62a815002e8ddc | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | Who thought Burke was like an architect remodeling an old house instead of tearing it down? | Who thought Burke was like an architect remodeling an old house instead of tearing it down? | [
"Who thought Burke was like an architect remodeling an old house instead of tearing it down?"
] | {
"text": [
"Francis Hirst"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26353 | 5ad0e9c7645df0001a2d083c | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | What law was William Ewart Gladstone against? | What law was William Ewart Gladstone against? | [
"What law was William Ewart Gladstone against?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26354 | 5ad0e9c7645df0001a2d083d | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | Which pamphlet did Lord Acton praise? | Which pamphlet did Lord Acton praise? | [
"Which pamphlet did Lord Acton praise?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26355 | 5ad0e9c7645df0001a2d083e | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | Who did Macaulay say was the best man since Burke? | Who did Macaulay say was the best man since Burke? | [
"Who did Macaulay say was the best man since Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26356 | 5ad0e9c7645df0001a2d083f | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | How many books did Lord Acton publish on Burke? | How many books did Lord Acton publish on Burke? | [
"How many books did Lord Acton publish on Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26357 | 5ad0e9c7645df0001a2d0840 | Edmund_Burke | The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarci... | What architect admired Burke? | What architect admired Burke? | [
"What architect admired Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26358 | 5726b836dd62a815002e8e0e | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | Who thought Burke's trial of Hastings was a moral foundation of the British Empire? | Who thought Burke's trial of Hastings was a moral foundation of the British Empire? | [
"Who thought Burke's trial of Hastings was a moral foundation of the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Piers Brendon"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26359 | 5726b836dd62a815002e8e0f | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke think the British Empire should be governed based on? | What did Burke think the British Empire should be governed based on? | [
"What did Burke think the British Empire should be governed based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"a plan of freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26360 | 5726b836dd62a815002e8e10 | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke call 'a smuggling adventure'? | What did Burke call 'a smuggling adventure'? | [
"What did Burke call 'a smuggling adventure'?"
] | {
"text": [
"opium trade"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26361 | 5726b836dd62a815002e8e11 | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke think had disgraced Britain in India? | What did Burke think had disgraced Britain in India? | [
"What did Burke think had disgraced Britain in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"opium trade"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26362 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c58 | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What historian laid the foundations for the morals of the British Empire? | What historian laid the foundations for the morals of the British Empire? | [
"What historian laid the foundations for the morals of the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26363 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c59 | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke say the plan of freedom must be governed by? | What did Burke say the plan of freedom must be governed by? | [
"What did Burke say the plan of freedom must be governed by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26364 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c5a | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke say had disgraced India in Britain? | What did Burke say had disgraced India in Britain? | [
"What did Burke say had disgraced India in Britain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26365 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c5b | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What did Burke nickname his paternalistic doctrine? | What did Burke nickname his paternalistic doctrine? | [
"What did Burke nickname his paternalistic doctrine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26366 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c5c | Edmund_Burke | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What kind of doctrine did Hastings propose? | What kind of doctrine did Hastings propose? | [
"What kind of doctrine did Hastings propose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26367 | 5726b8be708984140094cf15 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Which church did Burke most defend? | Which church did Burke most defend? | [
"Which church did Burke most defend?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglican"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26368 | 5726b8be708984140094cf16 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | What did Burke think was the foundation of society? | What did Burke think was the foundation of society? | [
"What did Burke think was the foundation of society?"
] | {
"text": [
"religion"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26369 | 5726b8be708984140094cf17 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | What religion was Burke's mother? | What religion was Burke's mother? | [
"What religion was Burke's mother?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26370 | 5726b8be708984140094cf18 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | What religion was Burke's father? | What religion was Burke's father? | [
"What religion was Burke's father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestant"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26371 | 5726b8be708984140094cf19 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Burke thought religion was beneficial to what besides souls? | Burke thought religion was beneficial to what besides souls? | [
"Burke thought religion was beneficial to what besides souls?"
] | {
"text": [
"political arrangements"
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26372 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c94 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | What did Burke believe was the foundation of religion? | What did Burke believe was the foundation of religion? | [
"What did Burke believe was the foundation of religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26373 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c95 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Which of Burke's parents was an athiest? | Which of Burke's parents was an athiest? | [
"Which of Burke's parents was an athiest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26374 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c96 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Which of Burke's parents was a deist? | Which of Burke's parents was a deist? | [
"Which of Burke's parents was a deist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26375 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c97 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | What did Burke believe made political arrangements difficult? | What did Burke believe made political arrangements difficult? | [
"What did Burke believe made political arrangements difficult?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26376 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c98 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Burke failed to show concern for what sect of Christianity? | Burke failed to show concern for what sect of Christianity? | [
"Burke failed to show concern for what sect of Christianity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26377 | 57318751e6313a140071d03e | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | From what language does Universitas come from? | From what language does Universitas come from? | [
"From what language does Universitas come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26378 | 57318751e6313a140071d03f | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent? | Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent? | [
"Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent?"
] | {
"text": [
"urban town life and medieval guilds"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26379 | 57318751e6313a140071d040 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds? | What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds? | [
"What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds?"
] | {
"text": [
"they were self-regulating"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26380 | 57318751e6313a140071d041 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas? | Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas? | [
"Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas?"
] | {
"text": [
"princes, prelates"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26381 | 5a536963bdaabd001a3866b0 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | What is the original greek word for university? | What is the original greek word for university? | [
"What is the original greek word for university?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26382 | 5a536963bdaabd001a3866b1 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | What does the greek work "universitas" mean? | What does the greek work "universitas" mean? | [
"What does the greek work \"universitas\" mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26383 | 5a536963bdaabd001a3866b2 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Who issued charters to guilds? | Who issued charters to guilds? | [
"Who issued charters to guilds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26384 | 5a536963bdaabd001a3866b3 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | How did universities differ from guilds? | How did universities differ from guilds? | [
"How did universities differ from guilds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26385 | 5a7757c22d6d7f001a4a9fd9 | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | From what language does "emergence" come from? | From what language does "emergence" come from? | [
"From what language does \"emergence\" come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26386 | 5a7757c22d6d7f001a4a9fda | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Around the beginning of what two things did the word emergence start to become prevalent? | Around the beginning of what two things did the word emergence start to become prevalent? | [
"Around the beginning of what two things did the word emergence start to become prevalent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26387 | 5a7757c22d6d7f001a4a9fdb | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | What did an emergence have in common with similar guilds? | What did an emergence have in common with similar guilds? | [
"What did an emergence have in common with similar guilds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26388 | 5a7757c22d6d7f001a4a9fdc | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | Which individuals usually approved charters for generals? | Which individuals usually approved charters for generals? | [
"Which individuals usually approved charters for generals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26389 | 5a7757c22d6d7f001a4a9fdd | University | The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually ... | What was not guaranteed by charters? | What was not guaranteed by charters? | [
"What was not guaranteed by charters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26390 | 57318829497a881900248fc9 | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university? | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university? | [
"In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university?"
] | {
"text": [
"academic freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26391 | 57318829497a881900248fca | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What was the first university? | What was the first university? | [
"What was the first university?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Bologna"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26392 | 57318829497a881900248fcb | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university? | What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university? | [
"What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Constitutio Habita"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26393 | 57318829497a881900248fcc | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed? | What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed? | [
"What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?"
] | {
"text": [
"unhindered passage in the interests of education"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26394 | 57318829497a881900248fcd | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed? | On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed? | [
"On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"18 September 1988"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26395 | 5a536fe3bdaabd001a3866b8 | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What kind of freedom was not initially assosiated with universities? | What kind of freedom was not initially assosiated with universities? | [
"What kind of freedom was not initially assosiated with universities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26396 | 5a536fe3bdaabd001a3866b9 | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What charter was adopted in the 11th century? | What charter was adopted in the 11th century? | [
"What charter was adopted in the 11th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26397 | 5a536fe3bdaabd001a3866ba | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What university restricted the right of of scholars to travel? | What university restricted the right of of scholars to travel? | [
"What university restricted the right of of scholars to travel?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26398 | 5a536fe3bdaabd001a3866bb | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | What did the Constitution Habita guarantee to all travelers? | What did the Constitution Habita guarantee to all travelers? | [
"What did the Constitution Habita guarantee to all travelers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26399 | 5a77c464b73996001af5a571 | University | An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling sc... | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a rector? | In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a rector? | [
"In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a rector?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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