gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-31100 | 5a1492c8a54d42001852925c | Identity_(social_science) | At a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environment. To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of "psychological" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of m... | What focuses on explaining the group's actions? | What focuses on explaining the group's actions? | [
"What focuses on explaining the group's actions? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31101 | 570966c3ed30961900e840aa | Identity_(social_science) | Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern ... | What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood? | What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood? | [
"What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31102 | 570966c3ed30961900e840ab | Identity_(social_science) | Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern ... | Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity? | Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity? | [
"Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity?"
] | {
"text": [
"anthropologists"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31103 | 570966c3ed30961900e840ac | Identity_(social_science) | Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern ... | Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others? | Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others? | [
"Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Eriksonian approach"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31104 | 5709690e200fba1400367f81 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What are the two types of group boundaries? | What are the two types of group boundaries? | [
"What are the two types of group boundaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"inclusive or exclusive"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31105 | 5709690e200fba1400367f82 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | A marker that imposes restriction on the behavior of others is what kind of boundary? | A marker that imposes restriction on the behavior of others is what kind of boundary? | [
"A marker that imposes restriction on the behavior of others is what kind of boundary?"
] | {
"text": [
"exclusive"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31106 | 5709690e200fba1400367f83 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | A marker that people are ready and willing to associate with is what kind of boundary? | A marker that people are ready and willing to associate with is what kind of boundary? | [
"A marker that people are ready and willing to associate with is what kind of boundary?"
] | {
"text": [
"inclusive"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31107 | 5709690e200fba1400367f84 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What boundary is given as an example that can be inclusive or exclusive? | What boundary is given as an example that can be inclusive or exclusive? | [
"What boundary is given as an example that can be inclusive or exclusive?"
] | {
"text": [
"language"
],
"answer_start": [
794
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31108 | 5a14a50fa54d4200185292e3 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What are two types of individual boundaries? | What are two types of individual boundaries? | [
"What are two types of individual boundaries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31109 | 5a14a50fa54d4200185292e4 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What does an inclusive boundary impose restrictions on? | What does an inclusive boundary impose restrictions on? | [
"What does an inclusive boundary impose restrictions on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31110 | 5a14a50fa54d4200185292e5 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What are people not ready and willing to do within inclusive boundary? | What are people not ready and willing to do within inclusive boundary? | [
"What are people not ready and willing to do within inclusive boundary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31111 | 5a14a50fa54d4200185292e6 | Identity_(social_science) | Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are r... | What foundry is neither inclusive or exclusive? | What foundry is neither inclusive or exclusive? | [
"What foundry is neither inclusive or exclusive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31112 | 57096d4bed30961900e840f2 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia? | What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia? | [
"What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neo-Eriksonian"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31113 | 57096d4bed30961900e840f3 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts? | The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts? | [
"The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?"
] | {
"text": [
"exploration and commitment"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31114 | 57096d4bed30961900e840f4 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part? | In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part? | [
"In the Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm, exploration and commitments determine what in large part?"
] | {
"text": [
"any individual's sense of identity"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31115 | 5a1476c4c8eab200188dca47 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | What identity status emerged very early on? | What identity status emerged very early on? | [
"What identity status emerged very early on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31116 | 5a1476c4c8eab200188dca48 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | The neo-Eriksonian identity status is based on what opposing concepts? | The neo-Eriksonian identity status is based on what opposing concepts? | [
"The neo-Eriksonian identity status is based on what opposing concepts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31117 | 5a1476c4c8eab200188dca49 | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | What is determined largely by the exploration and commitments that one makes regarding certain groups? | What is determined largely by the exploration and commitments that one makes regarding certain groups? | [
"What is determined largely by the exploration and commitments that one makes regarding certain groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31118 | 5a1476c4c8eab200188dca4a | Identity_(social_science) | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | Exploration and commitment of what determine a person's social identity? | Exploration and commitment of what determine a person's social identity? | [
"Exploration and commitment of what determine a person's social identity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31119 | 57097006ed30961900e8412a | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | What do many people gain from their identity groups? | What do many people gain from their identity groups? | [
"What do many people gain from their identity groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"a sense of positive self-esteem"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31120 | 57097006ed30961900e8412b | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what? | People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what? | [
"People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"discrimination"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31121 | 57097006ed30961900e8412c | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition? | Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition? | [
"Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition?"
] | {
"text": [
"the social identity tradition"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31122 | 57097006ed30961900e8412d | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what? | Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what? | [
"Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"social identity theory"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31123 | 5a149412a54d420018529261 | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | Too many people gain from their social groups? | Too many people gain from their social groups? | [
"Too many people gain from their social groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31124 | 5a149412a54d420018529262 | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | What issue regarding discrimination have researchers explained? | What issue regarding discrimination have researchers explained? | [
"What issue regarding discrimination have researchers explained?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31125 | 5a149412a54d420018529263 | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | It is the term for favoring outsiders? | It is the term for favoring outsiders? | [
"It is the term for favoring outsiders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31126 | 5a149412a54d420018529264 | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | What are researchers working on who focus on discrimination and community alienation? | What are researchers working on who focus on discrimination and community alienation? | [
"What are researchers working on who focus on discrimination and community alienation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31127 | 5a149412a54d420018529265 | Identity_(social_science) | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | Cognitive distinctions between out groups can lead to what? | Cognitive distinctions between out groups can lead to what? | [
"Cognitive distinctions between out groups can lead to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31128 | 57097200200fba140036800d | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing? | What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing? | [
"What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing?"
] | {
"text": [
"a primordialist approach"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31129 | 57097200200fba140036800e | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory? | The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory? | [
"The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"social constructionist theory"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31130 | 57097200200fba1400368010 | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts? | Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts? | [
"Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts?"
] | {
"text": [
"political and historical contexts"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31131 | 5a149ddea54d4200185292a7 | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What approach takes the sense of self and as a changing thing? | What approach takes the sense of self and as a changing thing? | [
"What approach takes the sense of self and as a changing thing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31132 | 5a149ddea54d4200185292a8 | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What theory says that political choice is based on identity characteristics? | What theory says that political choice is based on identity characteristics? | [
"What theory says that political choice is based on identity characteristics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31133 | 5a149ddea54d4200185292a9 | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What influences primordalist and social constructionist views | What influences primordalist and social constructionist views | [
"What influences primordalist and social constructionist views"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31134 | 5a149ddea54d4200185292aa | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | primordalist and social constructionist views need to be viewed outside of what? | primordalist and social constructionist views need to be viewed outside of what? | [
"primordalist and social constructionist views need to be viewed outside of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31135 | 5a149ddea54d4200185292ab | Identity_(social_science) | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | What have primordalist and social constructionist views stopped exerting influence on? | What have primordalist and social constructionist views stopped exerting influence on? | [
"What have primordalist and social constructionist views stopped exerting influence on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31136 | 57097697ed30961900e84192 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena? | Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena? | [
"Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena?"
] | {
"text": [
"the lens of identity"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31137 | 57097697ed30961900e84193 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with? | What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with? | [
"What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with?"
] | {
"text": [
"glorified maids"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31138 | 57097697ed30961900e84194 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings? | The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings? | [
"The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings?"
] | {
"text": [
"occupational settings"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31139 | 57097697ed30961900e84195 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create? | What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create? | [
"What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?"
] | {
"text": [
"an identity they can live with"
],
"answer_start": [
1021
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31140 | 57097697ed30961900e84196 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices? | What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices? | [
"What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices?"
] | {
"text": [
"workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life"
],
"answer_start": [
868
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31141 | 5a14a61aa54d4200185292f5 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | Where is the implication of identity and identity construction least obvious? | Where is the implication of identity and identity construction least obvious? | [
"Where is the implication of identity and identity construction least obvious?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31142 | 5a14a61aa54d4200185292f6 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What becomes increasingly challenging in prestigious jobs? | What becomes increasingly challenging in prestigious jobs? | [
"What becomes increasingly challenging in prestigious jobs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31143 | 5a14a61aa54d4200185292f7 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What are people in high-powered forced to do? jobs | What are people in high-powered forced to do? jobs | [
"What are people in high-powered forced to do? jobs"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31144 | 5a14a61aa54d4200185292f8 | Identity_(social_science) | The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work"... | What is a desirable alternative to crafting an occupational identity one can live with | What is a desirable alternative to crafting an occupational identity one can live with | [
"What is a desirable alternative to crafting an occupational identity one can live with"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31145 | 5709783fed30961900e841a6 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | The formation of identity occurs through identifications with whom? | The formation of identity occurs through identifications with whom? | [
"The formation of identity occurs through identifications with whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"significant others"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31146 | 5709783fed30961900e841a7 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others? | What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others? | [
"What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others?"
] | {
"text": [
"benign"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31147 | 5709783fed30961900e841a8 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others? | What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others? | [
"What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others?"
] | {
"text": [
"malign"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31148 | 5709783fed30961900e841a9 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what? | Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what? | [
"Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"defensive contra-identification"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31149 | 5a144db1c8eab200188dca17 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | What does the formation of one's family identity occurs through? | What does the formation of one's family identity occurs through? | [
"What does the formation of one's family identity occurs through?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31150 | 5a144db2c8eab200188dca18 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | Disassociating from others what is benign? | Disassociating from others what is benign? | [
"Disassociating from others what is benign?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31151 | 5a144db2c8eab200188dca19 | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | Aspiring to others what is malign? | Aspiring to others what is malign? | [
"Aspiring to others what is malign?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31152 | 5a144db2c8eab200188dca1a | Identity_(social_science) | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | When does formation family occur identity? | When does formation family occur identity? | [
"When does formation family occur identity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31153 | 570979bfed30961900e841c0 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments? | What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments? | [
"What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?"
] | {
"text": [
"relative weakness or relative strength"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31154 | 570979bfed30961900e841c1 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment? | What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment? | [
"What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity diffusion"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31155 | 570979bfed30961900e841c2 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future? | What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future? | [
"What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity foreclosure"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31156 | 570979bfed30961900e841c3 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit? | What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit? | [
"What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity moratorium"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31157 | 570979bfed30961900e841c4 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices? | What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices? | [
"What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity achievement"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31158 | 5a148907a54d420018529235 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is both relatively weak or relatively strong? | What is both relatively weak or relatively strong? | [
"What is both relatively weak or relatively strong?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31159 | 5a148907a54d420018529236 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is the permutation when a person embraces exploration and commitment? | What is the permutation when a person embraces exploration and commitment? | [
"What is the permutation when a person embraces exploration and commitment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31160 | 5a148907a54d420018529237 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is a permutation when a person is not ready to make a commitment? | What is a permutation when a person is not ready to make a commitment? | [
"What is a permutation when a person is not ready to make a commitment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31161 | 5a148907a54d420018529238 | Identity_(social_science) | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | What is a permutation when a person cannot make an identity choice wants to commit to them? | What is a permutation when a person cannot make an identity choice wants to commit to them? | [
"What is a permutation when a person cannot make an identity choice wants to commit to them?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31162 | 57097c64200fba140036806b | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | What is it impossible to do with identity? | What is it impossible to do with identity? | [
"What is it impossible to do with identity?"
] | {
"text": [
"define it empirically"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31163 | 57097c64200fba140036806c | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category? | Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category? | [
"Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category?"
] | {
"text": [
"category of analysis"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31164 | 57097c64200fba140036806d | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards? | What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards? | [
"What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards?"
] | {
"text": [
"their own preconceptions of identity"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31165 | 57097c64200fba140036806e | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what? | Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what? | [
"Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"human social self-expression"
],
"answer_start": [
1005
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31166 | 57097c64200fba140036806f | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea? | The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea? | [
"The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea? "
] | {
"text": [
"the idea of identification"
],
"answer_start": [
1219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31167 | 5a149fa3a54d4200185292bb | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | What is it possible to do with identity? | What is it possible to do with identity? | [
"What is it possible to do with identity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31168 | 5a149fa3a54d4200185292bc | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | What discussion has an abiding sameness | What discussion has an abiding sameness | [
"What discussion has an abiding sameness"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31169 | 5a149fa3a54d4200185292bd | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | How does Cooper suggest treating identity? | How does Cooper suggest treating identity? | [
"How does Cooper suggest treating identity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31170 | 5a149fa3a54d4200185292be | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | What do some scholars say is made up of different components that are identified in interpreted by groups? | What do some scholars say is made up of different components that are identified in interpreted by groups? | [
"What do some scholars say is made up of different components that are identified in interpreted by groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31171 | 5a149fa3a54d4200185292bf | Identity_(social_science) | These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so... | The direction of what is achieved by group choice regarding who and what to associate with? | The direction of what is achieved by group choice regarding who and what to associate with? | [
"The direction of what is achieved by group choice regarding who and what to associate with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31172 | 57097db3ed30961900e8420c | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree? | What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree? | [
"What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gender identity"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31173 | 57097db3ed30961900e8420d | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of? | What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of? | [
"What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31174 | 57097db3ed30961900e8420e | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study? | Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study? | [
"Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitive psychology"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31175 | 5a14558cc8eab200188dca27 | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What type of identity is less important in psychology? | What type of identity is less important in psychology? | [
"What type of identity is less important in psychology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31176 | 5a14558cc8eab200188dca28 | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What what does not dictate to a significant degree how one views oneself? | What what does not dictate to a significant degree how one views oneself? | [
"What what does not dictate to a significant degree how one views oneself?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31177 | 5a14558cc8eab200188dca29 | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What other aspects of identity are more important than gender? | What other aspects of identity are more important than gender? | [
"What other aspects of identity are more important than gender?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31178 | 5a14558cc8eab200188dca2a | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What refers to capacity for self reflection and awareness of others? | What refers to capacity for self reflection and awareness of others? | [
"What refers to capacity for self reflection and awareness of others?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31179 | 57097fbb200fba140036809b | Identity_(social_science) | Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one ... | Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity? | Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity? | [
"Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Erik Erikson"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31180 | 57097fbb200fba140036809c | Identity_(social_science) | Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one ... | What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self? | What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self? | [
"What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?"
] | {
"text": [
"ego identity"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31181 | 57097fbb200fba140036809d | Identity_(social_science) | Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one ... | The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what? | The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what? | [
"The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the personal identity"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31182 | 57097fbb200fba140036809e | Identity_(social_science) | Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one ... | What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles? | What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles? | [
"What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles?"
] | {
"text": [
"the social identity or the cultural identity"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31183 | 57097fbb200fba140036809f | Identity_(social_science) | Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one ... | In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime? | In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime? | [
"In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime?"
] | {
"text": [
"the psychodynamic tradition"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31184 | 570980c1ed30961900e8423e | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's? | Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's? | [
"Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's?"
] | {
"text": [
"Laing's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31185 | 570980c1ed30961900e8423f | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept? | One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept? | [
"One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept?"
] | {
"text": [
"metaperspective of self"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31186 | 570980c1ed30961900e84240 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what? | The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what? | [
"The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"self/identity"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31187 | 5a148cf3a54d420018529245 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | Whose definition of identity closely follows Liang's | Whose definition of identity closely follows Liang's | [
"Whose definition of identity closely follows Liang's"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31188 | 5a148cf3a54d420018529246 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | What concept is one person's perception of their own perception and example? | What concept is one person's perception of their own perception and example? | [
"What concept is one person's perception of their own perception and example?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31189 | 5a148cf3a54d420018529247 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | What term includes characteristics displayed towards others? | What term includes characteristics displayed towards others? | [
"What term includes characteristics displayed towards others?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31190 | 5a148cf3a54d420018529248 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | What components of the experience itself did Erickson emphasize? | What components of the experience itself did Erickson emphasize? | [
"What components of the experience itself did Erickson emphasize?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31191 | 5a148cf3a54d420018529249 | Identity_(social_science) | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | What is help others view you an important part of? | What is help others view you an important part of? | [
"What is help others view you an important part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31192 | 57098302ed30961900e8424e | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self? | Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self? | [
"Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kenneth Gergen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31193 | 57098302ed30961900e8424f | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self? | In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self? | [
"In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self?"
] | {
"text": [
"The strategic manipulator"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31194 | 57098302ed30961900e84250 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself? | In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself? | [
"In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself?"
] | {
"text": [
"The pastiche personality"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31195 | 57098302ed30961900e84251 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement? | In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement? | [
"In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement?"
] | {
"text": [
"the relational self"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31196 | 57098302ed30961900e84252 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture? | The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture? | [
"The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"postmodern culture"
],
"answer_start": [
809
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31197 | 5a149516a54d420018529275 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | Who formulated all new classifications? | Who formulated all new classifications? | [
"Who formulated all new classifications?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31198 | 5a149516a54d420018529276 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | What classifications did Kenneth Gregen eliminate? | What classifications did Kenneth Gregen eliminate? | [
"What classifications did Kenneth Gregen eliminate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31199 | 5a149516a54d420018529277 | Identity_(social_science) | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | What type of person sees all of life is a role-playing exercise? | What type of person sees all of life is a role-playing exercise? | [
"What type of person sees all of life is a role-playing exercise?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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