gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-32200 | 57290af96aef0514001549e6 | Myanmar | In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life. Monks are venerated and supported by the lay people. A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu is the most important coming of age events for a boy, during which he enters the monastery for a short time. All male children in Buddhist families are encou... | What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ? | What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ? | [
"What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Many villages have a guardian nat"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32201 | 57290c141d04691400778fc7 | Myanmar | British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who pop... | What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ? | What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ? | [
"What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32202 | 57290c141d04691400778fc8 | Myanmar | British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who pop... | What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group? | What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group? | [
"What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group?"
] | {
"text": [
"ethnic groups constitute 32%"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32203 | 57290c141d04691400778fc9 | Myanmar | British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who pop... | Do opinions differ on the numbers for that population is considered not a part of the mainstream | Do opinions differ on the numbers for that population is considered not a part of the mainstream | [
"Do opinions differ on the numbers for that population is considered not a part of the mainstream"
] | {
"text": [
"exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report)."
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32204 | 57290c141d04691400778fca | Myanmar | British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who pop... | What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ? | What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ? | [
"What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"The World Factbook"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32205 | 57290d37af94a219006a9fe1 | Myanmar | Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp hav... | What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ? | What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ? | [
"What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32206 | 57290d37af94a219006a9fe2 | Myanmar | Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp hav... | What is most commonly enjoyed to eat along the coast of Myanmar ? | What is most commonly enjoyed to eat along the coast of Myanmar ? | [
"What is most commonly enjoyed to eat along the coast of Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32207 | 57290d37af94a219006a9fe3 | Myanmar | Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp hav... | Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ? | Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ? | [
"Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"landlocked cities"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32208 | 57290d37af94a219006a9fe4 | Myanmar | Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp hav... | What is considered as an alternative to tofu for the valuable ingredient it holds for those not living near water in BUrma? | What is considered as an alternative to tofu for the valuable ingredient it holds for those not living near water in BUrma? | [
"What is considered as an alternative to tofu for the valuable ingredient it holds for those not living near water in BUrma?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32209 | 57290d37af94a219006a9fe5 | Myanmar | Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp hav... | What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ? | What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ? | [
"What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed."
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32210 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff5 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ? | What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ? | [
"What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32211 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff6 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ? | Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ? | [
"Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London."
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32212 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff7 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ? | Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ? | [
"Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ?"
] | {
"text": [
"first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32213 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff8 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ? | Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ? | [
"Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32214 | 57290eaeaf94a219006a9ff9 | Myanmar | Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and ina... | Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ? | Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ? | [
"Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them."
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32215 | 570d9260b3d812140066da51 | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | Which continent is the highest in elevation? | Which continent is the highest in elevation? | [
"Which continent is the highest in elevation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antarctica"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32216 | 570d9260b3d812140066da52 | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica? | What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica? | [
"What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"200 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32217 | 570d9260b3d812140066da53 | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What is the average coldest temperature? | What is the average coldest temperature? | [
"What is the average coldest temperature?"
] | {
"text": [
"−63 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32218 | 570d9260b3d812140066da54 | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What is the coldest recorded temperature? | What is the coldest recorded temperature? | [
"What is the coldest recorded temperature?"
] | {
"text": [
"−89.2 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32219 | 570d9260b3d812140066da55 | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? | Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? | [
"Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? "
] | {
"text": [
"tundra"
],
"answer_start": [
780
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32220 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835a | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What is on average is the coldest, wetest, and windiest continent? | What is on average is the coldest, wetest, and windiest continent? | [
"What is on average is the coldest, wetest, and windiest continent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32221 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835b | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What coninent has lowest average elevation? | What coninent has lowest average elevation? | [
"What coninent has lowest average elevation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32222 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835c | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | Where has the temperature reached 89.2 degress Celsius | Where has the temperature reached 89.2 degress Celsius | [
"Where has the temperature reached 89.2 degress Celsius "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32223 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835d | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | How many humans live in Antarctica? | How many humans live in Antarctica? | [
"How many humans live in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32224 | 5ad213d7d7d075001a42835e | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What type of organism can not be found in Antarctica? | What type of organism can not be found in Antarctica? | [
"What type of organism can not be found in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32225 | 5ad29038d7d075001a429a8c | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What continent has only 200 in of annual precipitation? | What continent has only 200 in of annual precipitation? | [
"What continent has only 200 in of annual precipitation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32226 | 5ad29038d7d075001a429a8d | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | Where has the temperature reached -89.2°F? | Where has the temperature reached -89.2°F? | [
"Where has the temperature reached -89.2°F?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32227 | 5ad29038d7d075001a429a8e | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | How many permanent residents are living in research stations? | How many permanent residents are living in research stations? | [
"How many permanent residents are living in research stations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32228 | 5ad29038d7d075001a429a8f | Antarctica | Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), tho... | What is the yearly average temperature in Antarctica? | What is the yearly average temperature in Antarctica? | [
"What is the yearly average temperature in Antarctica? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32229 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46243 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar? | To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar? | [
"To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Andes"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32230 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46244 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | An uplift of what formed Antarctica? | An uplift of what formed Antarctica? | [
"An uplift of what formed Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"sea bed sediments"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32231 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46245 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | Starting from the late Paleozoic era, when did Antarctica finish forming? | Starting from the late Paleozoic era, when did Antarctica finish forming? | [
"Starting from the late Paleozoic era, when did Antarctica finish forming?"
] | {
"text": [
"early Mesozoic"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32232 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46246 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What are the most often found rocks in Antarctica? | What are the most often found rocks in Antarctica? | [
"What are the most often found rocks in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"andesite and rhyolite"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32233 | 570d94c3fed7b91900d46247 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What type of geologic activity occurred even after the formation of the ice sheets? | What type of geologic activity occurred even after the formation of the ice sheets? | [
"What type of geologic activity occurred even after the formation of the ice sheets?"
] | {
"text": [
"volcanic"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32234 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d7c | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What was once part of the Andes mountains of South America? | What was once part of the Andes mountains of South America? | [
"What was once part of the Andes mountains of South America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32235 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d7d | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What caused the Antarctic Peninsula to for prior to the Paleozoic era? | What caused the Antarctic Peninsula to for prior to the Paleozoic era? | [
"What caused the Antarctic Peninsula to for prior to the Paleozoic era?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32236 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d7e | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula? | What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula? | [
"What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32237 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d7f | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What are the rarest rocks in Western Antarctica? | What are the rarest rocks in Western Antarctica? | [
"What are the rarest rocks in Western Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32238 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d80 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What activity stopped after the ice sheet formed? | What activity stopped after the ice sheet formed? | [
"What activity stopped after the ice sheet formed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32239 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a006 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What closely resembles the Andes mountain range of Antarctica? | What closely resembles the Andes mountain range of Antarctica? | [
"What closely resembles the Andes mountain range of Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32240 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a007 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras? | What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras? | [
"What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32241 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a008 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What are the most common rocks in Antarctica? | What are the most common rocks in Antarctica? | [
"What are the most common rocks in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32242 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a009 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | When were the andesite and rhyolite formed in West Antarctica? | When were the andesite and rhyolite formed in West Antarctica? | [
"When were the andesite and rhyolite formed in West Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32243 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a00a | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What is there evidence of in Alexander Byrd Land and Marie Island? | What is there evidence of in Alexander Byrd Land and Marie Island? | [
"What is there evidence of in Alexander Byrd Land and Marie Island?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32244 | 570d9730df2f5219002ecff0 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia? | What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia? | [
"What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"significant landmass"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32245 | 570d9730df2f5219002ecff1 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia? | What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia? | [
"What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matthew Flinders"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32246 | 570d9730df2f5219002ecff2 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia? | What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia? | [
"What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Voyage to Terra Australis"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32247 | 570d9730df2f5219002ecff3 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | When did Flinders write his book of discovery? | When did Flinders write his book of discovery? | [
"When did Flinders write his book of discovery?"
] | {
"text": [
"1814"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32248 | 570d9730df2f5219002ecff4 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What event caused people to misname Antarctica? | What event caused people to misname Antarctica? | [
"What event caused people to misname Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"mistake"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32249 | 5ad23a42d7d075001a42884c | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What land mass was named after after Australia? | What land mass was named after after Australia? | [
"What land mass was named after after Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32250 | 5ad23a42d7d075001a42884d | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What land mass was believed to be further south than Australia? | What land mass was believed to be further south than Australia? | [
"What land mass was believed to be further south than Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32251 | 5ad23a42d7d075001a42884e | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? | What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? | [
"What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32252 | 5ad23a42d7d075001a42884f | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What book did Matthew Flinders write in the 18th century? | What book did Matthew Flinders write in the 18th century? | [
"What book did Matthew Flinders write in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32253 | 5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1a | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What continent was given the name Australis Terra? | What continent was given the name Australis Terra? | [
"What continent was given the name Australis Terra?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32254 | 5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1b | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What was Flinder Matthews credited with? | What was Flinder Matthews credited with? | [
"What was Flinder Matthews credited with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32255 | 5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1c | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What book did Flinders write in 1841? | What book did Flinders write in 1841? | [
"What book did Flinders write in 1841?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32256 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed018 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life? | Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life? | [
"Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?"
] | {
"text": [
"Census of Marine Life"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32257 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed019 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica? | When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica? | [
"When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Polar Year"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32258 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed01a | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions? | How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions? | [
"How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?"
] | {
"text": [
"235"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32259 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed01b | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other? | Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other? | [
"Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?"
] | {
"text": [
"cetaceans"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32260 | 570d9a8ddf2f5219002ed01c | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | What is the amount of difference in temperature in the deep ocean? | What is the amount of difference in temperature in the deep ocean? | [
"What is the amount of difference in temperature in the deep ocean?"
] | {
"text": [
"5 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
700
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32261 | 5ad26375d7d075001a429108 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | Who conducted a censuslife on Antarctica in 2010? | Who conducted a censuslife on Antarctica in 2010? | [
"Who conducted a censuslife on Antarctica in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32262 | 5ad26375d7d075001a429109 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many marine organism live in the South Pole region? | How many marine organism live in the South Pole region? | [
"How many marine organism live in the South Pole region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32263 | 5ad26375d7d075001a42910a | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | What animals live at the South Pole all year? | What animals live at the South Pole all year? | [
"What animals live at the South Pole all year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32264 | 5ad26375d7d075001a42910b | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | Where is there a large variatio in temperatures of the deep ocean? | Where is there a large variatio in temperatures of the deep ocean? | [
"Where is there a large variatio in temperatures of the deep ocean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32265 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a148 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | What was conducted during the Polar Year International? | What was conducted during the Polar Year International? | [
"What was conducted during the Polar Year International?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32266 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a149 | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many researchers were involved in the Polar Year International census? | How many researchers were involved in the Polar Year International census? | [
"How many researchers were involved in the Polar Year International census?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32267 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a14a | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | What was released in 2001? | What was released in 2001? | [
"What was released in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32268 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a14b | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied? | How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied? | [
"How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32269 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a14c | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many marine species were found within the 7,456 km studied? | How many marine species were found within the 7,456 km studied? | [
"How many marine species were found within the 7,456 km studied?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32270 | 570d9c48df2f5219002ed02c | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica? | What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica? | [
"What explorer led the Nimrod Expedition into Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ernest Shackleton"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32271 | 570d9c48df2f5219002ed02d | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus? | Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus? | [
"Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Edgeworth David"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32272 | 570d9c48df2f5219002ed02e | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole? | Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole? | [
"Who led the return expedition to find the Magnetic pole?"
] | {
"text": [
"Douglas Mawson"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32273 | 570d9c48df2f5219002ed02f | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions? | When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions? | [
"When did Mawson retire after leading several expeditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"1931"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32274 | 570d9c48df2f5219002ed030 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole? | When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole? | [
"When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 December 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32275 | 5ad24023d7d075001a428918 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What expitition was led by Shackleton in the 19th century? | What expitition was led by Shackleton in the 19th century? | [
"What expitition was led by Shackleton in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32276 | 5ad24023d7d075001a428919 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What did the party led by Shckleton climb? | What did the party led by Shckleton climb? | [
"What did the party led by Shckleton climb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32277 | 5ad24023d7d075001a42891a | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole? | What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole? | [
"What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32278 | 5ad24023d7d075001a42891b | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What did Edgeworth David traverse? | What did Edgeworth David traverse? | [
"What did Edgeworth David traverse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32279 | 5ad24023d7d075001a42891c | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What ship did Shackelton use to reach the geographic South Pole? | What ship did Shackelton use to reach the geographic South Pole? | [
"What ship did Shackelton use to reach the geographic South Pole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32280 | 5ad2ac0ad7d075001a429e86 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What expedition was led by Edgeworth Shackleton? | What expedition was led by Edgeworth Shackleton? | [
"What expedition was led by Edgeworth Shackleton?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32281 | 5ad2ac0ad7d075001a429e87 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | Who led Nimrod Expedition to Antarctica? | Who led Nimrod Expedition to Antarctica? | [
"Who led Nimrod Expedition to Antarctica? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32282 | 5ad2ac0ad7d075001a429e88 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | Who led the Magnetic Pole party in 1931? | Who led the Magnetic Pole party in 1931? | [
"Who led the Magnetic Pole party in 1931?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32283 | 5ad2ac0ad7d075001a429e89 | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | Who led the expedition that would first reach the geographic South Pole on 11 December 1914? | Who led the expedition that would first reach the geographic South Pole on 11 December 1914? | [
"Who led the expedition that would first reach the geographic South Pole on 11 December 1914?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32284 | 5ad2ac0ad7d075001a429e8a | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | When was the South Polar Plateau first traversed? | When was the South Polar Plateau first traversed? | [
"When was the South Polar Plateau first traversed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32285 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed078 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.? | When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.? | [
"When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32286 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed079 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring? | What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring? | [
"What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?"
] | {
"text": [
"criminal"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32287 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed07a | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing? | Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing? | [
"Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing?"
] | {
"text": [
"krill"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32288 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed07b | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000? | How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000? | [
"How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"32,000"
],
"answer_start": [
860
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32289 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed07c | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources come into force? | When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources come into force? | [
"When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources come into force?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32290 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a272 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What passed in 1987? | What passed in 1987? | [
"What passed in 1987?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32291 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a273 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | Where was the 1987 Antarctic Conservation Act passed? | Where was the 1987 Antarctic Conservation Act passed? | [
"Where was the 1987 Antarctic Conservation Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32292 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a274 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What does CMACLR stand for? | What does CMACLR stand for? | [
"What does CMACLR stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32293 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a275 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What year did the CMACLR come into force? | What year did the CMACLR come into force? | [
"What year did the CMACLR come into force?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32294 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a276 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What year saw illegal fishing of toothfish measure 32,000 short tons? | What year saw illegal fishing of toothfish measure 32,000 short tons? | [
"What year saw illegal fishing of toothfish measure 32,000 short tons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32295 | 570da377df2f5219002ed08a | Antarctica | Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAAT... | Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica? | Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica? | [
"Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"1957"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32296 | 570da377df2f5219002ed08b | Antarctica | Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAAT... | What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to? | What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to? | [
"What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32297 | 570da377df2f5219002ed08c | Antarctica | Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAAT... | How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO? | How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO? | [
"How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO?"
] | {
"text": [
"95%"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32298 | 570da377df2f5219002ed08d | Antarctica | Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAAT... | What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours? | What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours? | [
"What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours?"
] | {
"text": [
"small or medium ship"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32299 | 570da377df2f5219002ed08e | Antarctica | Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAAT... | How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season? | How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season? | [
"How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season?"
] | {
"text": [
"37,506"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
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