gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-34700 | 57269755dd62a815002e8a76 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | Western political philosophy originates in what philosophy? | Western political philosophy originates in what philosophy? | [
"Western political philosophy originates in what philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [
"ancient Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34701 | 57269755dd62a815002e8a77 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What philosophy has dates back to at least Plato? | What philosophy has dates back to at least Plato? | [
"What philosophy has dates back to at least Plato?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosophy of ancient Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34702 | 57269755dd62a815002e8a78 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | Ancient Greece was dominated by what? | Ancient Greece was dominated by what? | [
"Ancient Greece was dominated by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"city-states"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34703 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f89 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What originated with Western philosophy? | What originated with Western philosophy? | [
"What originated with Western philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34704 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f8a | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What philosophy dates back to sme time after Plato? | What philosophy dates back to sme time after Plato? | [
"What philosophy dates back to sme time after Plato?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34705 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f8b | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What civilization was dominated by independent towns that experimented with different governments? | What civilization was dominated by independent towns that experimented with different governments? | [
"What civilization was dominated by independent towns that experimented with different governments?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34706 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f8c | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What Roman statesman was influenced by Plato? | What Roman statesman was influenced by Plato? | [
"What Roman statesman was influenced by Plato?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34707 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f8d | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What 4 catagories did Aristotle divide greek political organizations into? | What 4 catagories did Aristotle divide greek political organizations into? | [
"What 4 catagories did Aristotle divide greek political organizations into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34708 | 5a21a1128a6e4f001aa08e3c | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What is the first important work of political organization? | What is the first important work of political organization? | [
"What is the first important work of political organization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34709 | 5a21a1128a6e4f001aa08e3d | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What example of Stoic influence followed Plato's? | What example of Stoic influence followed Plato's? | [
"What example of Stoic influence followed Plato's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34710 | 5a21a1128a6e4f001aa08e3e | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What was the western political philosophy dominated by? | What was the western political philosophy dominated by? | [
"What was the western political philosophy dominated by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34711 | 5a21a1128a6e4f001aa08e3f | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | How was ancient Greece's government grouped by Cicero? | How was ancient Greece's government grouped by Cicero? | [
"How was ancient Greece's government grouped by Cicero?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34712 | 5a21a1128a6e4f001aa08e40 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What was influenced by timocracy in Rome? | What was influenced by timocracy in Rome? | [
"What was influenced by timocracy in Rome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34713 | 572698e3f1498d1400e8e4aa | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What demarcates a clear distinction between nation and state, as well as religion and state? | What demarcates a clear distinction between nation and state, as well as religion and state? | [
"What demarcates a clear distinction between nation and state, as well as religion and state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indian political philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34714 | 572698e3f1498d1400e8e4ab | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order? | What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order? | [
"What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order?"
] | {
"text": [
"The institutions of state"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34715 | 572698e3f1498d1400e8e4ac | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What was the governing body of the Hindu states? | What was the governing body of the Hindu states? | [
"What was the governing body of the Hindu states?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mantranga"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34716 | 5a1dbb1a4ea40d0018b06f93 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What political philosophy does not make a clear distinction between nation and state or religion state | What political philosophy does not make a clear distinction between nation and state or religion state | [
"What political philosophy does not make a clear distinction between nation and state or religion state"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34717 | 5a1dbb1a4ea40d0018b06f94 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What evolved over time and is based on legal treaties and obscure social institutions? | What evolved over time and is based on legal treaties and obscure social institutions? | [
"What evolved over time and is based on legal treaties and obscure social institutions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34718 | 5a1dbb1a4ea40d0018b06f95 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | Who state institutions were divided into narrow well-defined entities? | Who state institutions were divided into narrow well-defined entities? | [
"Who state institutions were divided into narrow well-defined entities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34719 | 5a1dbb1a4ea40d0018b06f96 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants? | What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants? | [
"What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34720 | 5a21a3218a6e4f001aa08e46 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What did political and legal treatisies consist of in Indian government? | What did political and legal treatisies consist of in Indian government? | [
"What did political and legal treatisies consist of in Indian government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34721 | 5a21a3218a6e4f001aa08e47 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What were the constitutions of Maha states based on? | What were the constitutions of Maha states based on? | [
"What were the constitutions of Maha states based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34722 | 5a21a3218a6e4f001aa08e48 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | How was the committee of ministers divided? | How was the committee of ministers divided? | [
"How was the committee of ministers divided?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34723 | 5a21a3218a6e4f001aa08e49 | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What prevalant social institution made a clear line between nation and religion? | What prevalant social institution made a clear line between nation and religion? | [
"What prevalant social institution made a clear line between nation and religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34724 | 5a21a3218a6e4f001aa08e4a | Political_philosophy | Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divid... | What was the governing body of the head of executive? | What was the governing body of the head of executive? | [
"What was the governing body of the head of executive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34725 | 572699885951b619008f7789 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who was the 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher? | Who was the 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher? | [
"Who was the 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chanakya"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34726 | 572699885951b619008f778a | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | What provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler? | What provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler? | [
"What provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Arthashastra"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34727 | 572699885951b619008f778b | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | What is an example of a code of law in ancient India? | What is an example of a code of law in ancient India? | [
"What is an example of a code of law in ancient India?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Manusmṛti or Laws of Manu"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34728 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9b | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who was the Indian political philosopher in the fourth century A.D.? | Who was the Indian political philosopher in the fourth century A.D.? | [
"Who was the Indian political philosopher in the fourth century A.D.?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34729 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9c | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | What provides an account of the science of economics for a wise ruler? | What provides an account of the science of economics for a wise ruler? | [
"What provides an account of the science of economics for a wise ruler?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34730 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9d | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | "What authorities does Ambi quote? | "What authorities does Ambi quote? | [
"\"What authorities does Ambi quote?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34731 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9e | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who is a predecessor of Chanaka? | Who is a predecessor of Chanaka? | [
"Who is a predecessor of Chanaka?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34732 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9f | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Where is Sukra Neeti an example of a code of law? | Where is Sukra Neeti an example of a code of law? | [
"Where is Sukra Neeti an example of a code of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34733 | 5a21a5b98a6e4f001aa08e50 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who was the 4th BC Indian Arthashastra? | Who was the 4th BC Indian Arthashastra? | [
"Who was the 4th BC Indian Arthashastra?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34734 | 5a21a5b98a6e4f001aa08e51 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | What are a few examples the Bruhaspati gives for governance? | What are a few examples the Bruhaspati gives for governance? | [
"What are a few examples the Bruhaspati gives for governance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34735 | 5a21a5b98a6e4f001aa08e52 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who are the authorities Ambi quotes? | Who are the authorities Ambi quotes? | [
"Who are the authorities Ambi quotes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34736 | 5a21a5b98a6e4f001aa08e53 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who is Prachetasa a descendant of? | Who is Prachetasa a descendant of? | [
"Who is Prachetasa a descendant of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34737 | 5a21a5b98a6e4f001aa08e54 | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | Who is the father of Ushanas? | Who is the father of Ushanas? | [
"Who is the father of Ushanas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34738 | 57269a5f708984140094cb61 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who heavily influenced the early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo? | Who heavily influenced the early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo? | [
"Who heavily influenced the early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Plato"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34739 | 57269a5f708984140094cb62 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What was a key change brought about by Christian thought? | What was a key change brought about by Christian thought? | [
"What was a key change brought about by Christian thought?"
] | {
"text": [
"the moderatation of the Stoicism"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34740 | 57269a5f708984140094cb63 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who also preached that one was not a member of his or her city? | Who also preached that one was not a member of his or her city? | [
"Who also preached that one was not a member of his or her city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Augustine"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34741 | 57269a5f708984140094cb64 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What does Civitas terrena mean? | What does Civitas terrena mean? | [
"What does Civitas terrena mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"City of Man"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34742 | 57269a5f708984140094cb65 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What does Civitas Dei mean? | What does Civitas Dei mean? | [
"What does Civitas Dei mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"City of God"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34743 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26422 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who influenced the Christian philosophy of Hippo of Augustine? | Who influenced the Christian philosophy of Hippo of Augustine? | [
"Who influenced the Christian philosophy of Hippo of Augustine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34744 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26423 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What philosophy modernized Christian thought? | What philosophy modernized Christian thought? | [
"What philosophy modernized Christian thought?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34745 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26424 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What mean city of mankind? | What mean city of mankind? | [
"What mean city of mankind?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34746 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26425 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What Christian belief was challenged by Augustine's city of man? | What Christian belief was challenged by Augustine's city of man? | [
"What Christian belief was challenged by Augustine's city of man?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34747 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26426 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who taught that one was a member of their city? | Who taught that one was a member of their city? | [
"Who taught that one was a member of their city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34748 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5a | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who influenced Terrena's view of the moderation of the Stoicism? | Who influenced Terrena's view of the moderation of the Stoicism? | [
"Who influenced Terrena's view of the moderation of the Stoicism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34749 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5b | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What was one change brought about by Augustine? | What was one change brought about by Augustine? | [
"What was one change brought about by Augustine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34750 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5c | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What did Plato mention people were a member of? | What did Plato mention people were a member of? | [
"What did Plato mention people were a member of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34751 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5d | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What does Hippo's view attack regarding what Christians believed? | What does Hippo's view attack regarding what Christians believed? | [
"What does Hippo's view attack regarding what Christians believed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34752 | 5a21ab358a6e4f001aa08e5e | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What is one thing that Plato changed in the Roman world? | What is one thing that Plato changed in the Roman world? | [
"What is one thing that Plato changed in the Roman world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34753 | 57269b7e708984140094cb83 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region? | What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region? | [
"What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region?"
] | {
"text": [
"The rise of Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34754 | 57269b7e708984140094cb84 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion? | What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion? | [
"What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Early Islamic philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34755 | 57269b7e708984140094cb85 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views? | Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views? | [
"Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views?"
] | {
"text": [
"the \"rationalist\" Mutazilite philosophers"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34756 | 57269b7e708984140094cb86 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold? | What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold? | [
"What type of views did the \"rationalist\" Mutaziite philosophers hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenic view"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34757 | 5a1df8b43de3f40018b2642c | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What help to balance the power in the Mediterranean region? | What help to balance the power in the Mediterranean region? | [
"What help to balance the power in the Mediterranean region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34758 | 5a1df8b43de3f40018b2642d | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What early philosophy emphasize a separation between science and religion? | What early philosophy emphasize a separation between science and religion? | [
"What early philosophy emphasize a separation between science and religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34759 | 5a1df8b43de3f40018b2642e | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What philosophers placed revelation above reason? | What philosophers placed revelation above reason? | [
"What philosophers placed revelation above reason?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34760 | 5a1df8b43de3f40018b2642f | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | Who were the first theologies of Islam? | Who were the first theologies of Islam? | [
"Who were the first theologies of Islam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34761 | 5a1df8b43de3f40018b26430 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | Who said the Koran must be subordinate to reason? | Who said the Koran must be subordinate to reason? | [
"Who said the Koran must be subordinate to reason?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34762 | 5a21ae368a6e4f001aa08e64 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What focused on a link between reason and freedom of action? | What focused on a link between reason and freedom of action? | [
"What focused on a link between reason and freedom of action?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34763 | 5a21ae368a6e4f001aa08e65 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | The rise of what was based on modern scholars views and science? | The rise of what was based on modern scholars views and science? | [
"The rise of what was based on modern scholars views and science?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34764 | 5a21ae368a6e4f001aa08e66 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What group challenged the Hellenic view of Islam? | What group challenged the Hellenic view of Islam? | [
"What group challenged the Hellenic view of Islam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34765 | 5a21ae368a6e4f001aa08e67 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What must reason be subordinate to according to Mutazilite philosophers? | What must reason be subordinate to according to Mutazilite philosophers? | [
"What must reason be subordinate to according to Mutazilite philosophers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34766 | 5a21ae368a6e4f001aa08e68 | Political_philosophy | The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "politic... | What process did speculative theologians use to find truth? | What process did speculative theologians use to find truth? | [
"What process did speculative theologians use to find truth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34767 | 57269c73708984140094cbb5 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | The clashes between Ehl-i Sunna and Shia had what kind of character? | The clashes between Ehl-i Sunna and Shia had what kind of character? | [
"The clashes between Ehl-i Sunna and Shia had what kind of character? "
] | {
"text": [
"political"
],
"answer_start": [
1112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34768 | 57269c73708984140094cbb6 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | Islamic political philosophy was rooted in what sources? | Islamic political philosophy was rooted in what sources? | [
"Islamic political philosophy was rooted in what sources? "
] | {
"text": [
"Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34769 | 57269c73708984140094cbb7 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What is taken as the basis of an analysis? | What is taken as the basis of an analysis? | [
"What is taken as the basis of an analysis?"
] | {
"text": [
"The political conceptions of Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34770 | 5a1dfd413de3f40018b26436 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What political philosophy was rooted in theology? | What political philosophy was rooted in theology? | [
"What political philosophy was rooted in theology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34771 | 5a1dfd413de3f40018b26437 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What are the religious conceptions of Islam? | What are the religious conceptions of Islam? | [
"What are the religious conceptions of Islam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34772 | 5a1dfd413de3f40018b26438 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What clashed up until the seventh and eighth century? | What clashed up until the seventh and eighth century? | [
"What clashed up until the seventh and eighth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34773 | 5a1dfd413de3f40018b26439 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What is the religious conception of Islam taken as? | What is the religious conception of Islam taken as? | [
"What is the religious conception of Islam taken as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34774 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e6e | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What kind of character did the clashes between Bajjah and Rushd have in the 7th and 8th centuries? | What kind of character did the clashes between Bajjah and Rushd have in the 7th and 8th centuries? | [
"What kind of character did the clashes between Bajjah and Rushd have in the 7th and 8th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34775 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e6f | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What sources are Avicenna based on? | What sources are Avicenna based on? | [
"What sources are Avicenna based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34776 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e70 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | How did the ilah generally suppose Islamic philosophy was rooted? | How did the ilah generally suppose Islamic philosophy was rooted? | [
"How did the ilah generally suppose Islamic philosophy was rooted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34777 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e71 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What did Ehl-i-Sunna and Shia pose regarding Islam? | What did Ehl-i-Sunna and Shia pose regarding Islam? | [
"What did Ehl-i-Sunna and Shia pose regarding Islam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34778 | 5a21b2758a6e4f001aa08e72 | Political_philosophy | Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Is... | What do the ideas of general political character give proof of in early Islamic history? | What do the ideas of general political character give proof of in early Islamic history? | [
"What do the ideas of general political character give proof of in early Islamic history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34779 | 57269d1b5951b619008f77d1 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What was heavily influenced by Christian thinking? | What was heavily influenced by Christian thinking? | [
"What was heavily influenced by Christian thinking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Medieval political philosophy in Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34780 | 57269d1b5951b619008f77d2 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | Medieval political philosophy had much in common with what type of thinking? | Medieval political philosophy had much in common with what type of thinking? | [
"Medieval political philosophy had much in common with what type of thinking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mutazalite Islamic thinking"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34781 | 57269d1b5951b619008f77d3 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? | Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? | [
"Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? "
] | {
"text": [
"St. Thomas Aquinas"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34782 | 5a1dfe873de3f40018b2643e | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What influenced medieval politics? | What influenced medieval politics? | [
"What influenced medieval politics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34783 | 5a1dfe873de3f40018b2643f | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What did Roman Catholics subordinate theology too? | What did Roman Catholics subordinate theology too? | [
"What did Roman Catholics subordinate theology too?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34784 | 5a1dfe873de3f40018b26440 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | How did Christian thinking differ from Mutazalite Islamic thinking? | How did Christian thinking differ from Mutazalite Islamic thinking? | [
"How did Christian thinking differ from Mutazalite Islamic thinking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34785 | 5a1dfe873de3f40018b26441 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | Who emphasize the harmony absent in reason and revelation? | Who emphasize the harmony absent in reason and revelation? | [
"Who emphasize the harmony absent in reason and revelation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34786 | 5a1dfe873de3f40018b26442 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What medieval philosopher help to write some of Aristotle's works? | What medieval philosopher help to write some of Aristotle's works? | [
"What medieval philosopher help to write some of Aristotle's works?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34787 | 5a21b51c8a6e4f001aa08e78 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What was Mutazalite Islamic thinking influenced by in Europe? | What was Mutazalite Islamic thinking influenced by in Europe? | [
"What was Mutazalite Islamic thinking influenced by in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34788 | 5a21b51c8a6e4f001aa08e79 | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | Who was the most influential Asharite in medieval Europe? | Who was the most influential Asharite in medieval Europe? | [
"Who was the most influential Asharite in medieval Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34789 | 5a21b51c8a6e4f001aa08e7a | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What did Averroes help reintroduce in Europe? | What did Averroes help reintroduce in Europe? | [
"What did Averroes help reintroduce in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34790 | 5a21b51c8a6e4f001aa08e7b | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | What was the effect of Averroes uses of Aristotle's works in Europe? | What was the effect of Averroes uses of Aristotle's works in Europe? | [
"What was the effect of Averroes uses of Aristotle's works in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34791 | 5a21b51c8a6e4f001aa08e7c | Political_philosophy | Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as... | Who was the most influential political philosopher who made the commentaries of Averroes? | Who was the most influential political philosopher who made the commentaries of Averroes? | [
"Who was the most influential political philosopher who made the commentaries of Averroes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34792 | 57269e71dd62a815002e8b24 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What was one of the most influential works during the period? | What was one of the most influential works during the period? | [
"What was one of the most influential works during the period? "
] | {
"text": [
"Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34793 | 57269e71dd62a815002e8b25 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published? | When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published? | [
"When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published? "
] | {
"text": [
"1532"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34794 | 57269e71dd62a815002e8b26 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who wrote The Prince? | Who wrote The Prince? | [
"Who wrote The Prince?"
] | {
"text": [
"Niccolò Machiavelli"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34795 | 57269e71dd62a815002e8b27 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who was well known for his theory of the social contract? | Who was well known for his theory of the social contract? | [
"Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Hobbes"
],
"answer_start": [
931
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34796 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b26448 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What influential work was written in 1532? | What influential work was written in 1532? | [
"What influential work was written in 1532?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34797 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b26449 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What was published just before Machiavelli died? | What was published just before Machiavelli died? | [
"What was published just before Machiavelli died?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34798 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b2644a | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | The Prince and what other work influenced medieval political thought? | The Prince and what other work influenced medieval political thought? | [
"The Prince and what other work influenced medieval political thought?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34799 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b2644b | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What was written to free the Mattice family from exile? | What was written to free the Mattice family from exile? | [
"What was written to free the Mattice family from exile?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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