gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-34800 | 5a1e03953de3f40018b2644c | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s? | Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s? | [
"Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34801 | 5a21ba1c8a6e4f001aa08e82 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What did Thomas Hobbes write between 1511-1512? | What did Thomas Hobbes write between 1511-1512? | [
"What did Thomas Hobbes write between 1511-1512?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34802 | 5a21ba1c8a6e4f001aa08e83 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | After what year did Jean-Jacques Rousseau die? | After what year did Jean-Jacques Rousseau die? | [
"After what year did Jean-Jacques Rousseau die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34803 | 5a21ba1c8a6e4f001aa08e84 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What did di Medici do for the West? | What did di Medici do for the West? | [
"What did di Medici do for the West?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34804 | 5a21ba1c8a6e4f001aa08e85 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | Who expelled Hobbes from Florence? | Who expelled Hobbes from Florence? | [
"Who expelled Hobbes from Florence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34805 | 5a21ba1c8a6e4f001aa08e86 | Political_philosophy | One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A... | What group did Thomas Hobbes support more than the other? | What group did Thomas Hobbes support more than the other? | [
"What group did Thomas Hobbes support more than the other?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34806 | 57269f0fdd62a815002e8b34 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What would refer to a set of enduring institutions through which power would be distributed and its use justified? | What would refer to a set of enduring institutions through which power would be distributed and its use justified? | [
"What would refer to a set of enduring institutions through which power would be distributed and its use justified? "
] | {
"text": [
"state"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34807 | 57269f0fdd62a815002e8b35 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What refers to a specific group of people who occupied the institutions of the state? | What refers to a specific group of people who occupied the institutions of the state? | [
"What refers to a specific group of people who occupied the institutions of the state?"
] | {
"text": [
"government"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34808 | 57269f0fdd62a815002e8b36 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | Society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to what? | Society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to what? | [
"Society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the physical world"
],
"answer_start": [
1276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34809 | 5a1e07ce3de3f40018b26452 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What two questions joined the concepts of state and government? | What two questions joined the concepts of state and government? | [
"What two questions joined the concepts of state and government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34810 | 5a1e07ce3de3f40018b26453 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What term referred to a set of temporary institutions through which power could be distributed in its use justified? | What term referred to a set of temporary institutions through which power could be distributed in its use justified? | [
"What term referred to a set of temporary institutions through which power could be distributed in its use justified?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34811 | 5a1e07ce3de3f40018b26454 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What term referred to individuals who created laws and ordinances by which other people would be bound? | What term referred to individuals who created laws and ordinances by which other people would be bound? | [
"What term referred to individuals who created laws and ordinances by which other people would be bound?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34812 | 5a1e07ce3de3f40018b26455 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What conceptual distinction continues to operate in science? | What conceptual distinction continues to operate in science? | [
"What conceptual distinction continues to operate in science?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34813 | 5a1e07ce3de3f40018b26456 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What has been believed society is subject to since the 1700s? | What has been believed society is subject to since the 1700s? | [
"What has been believed society is subject to since the 1700s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34814 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e8c | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What is one question government was driven by? | What is one question government was driven by? | [
"What is one question government was driven by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34815 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e8d | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What has happened since power was distributed and justified in Europe? | What has happened since power was distributed and justified in Europe? | [
"What has happened since power was distributed and justified in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34816 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e8e | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What theistic thinking led to a division between state and government? | What theistic thinking led to a division between state and government? | [
"What theistic thinking led to a division between state and government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34817 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e8f | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What society not organized into states continues to operate today? | What society not organized into states continues to operate today? | [
"What society not organized into states continues to operate today?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34818 | 5a21bde98a6e4f001aa08e90 | Political_philosophy | These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of endu... | What does the rest of Europe argue about political action? | What does the rest of Europe argue about political action? | [
"What does the rest of Europe argue about political action?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34819 | 5726a0a5dd62a815002e8b60 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of what? | The concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of what? | [
"The concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"free trade"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34820 | 5726a0a5dd62a815002e8b61 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | What increasingly challenged the Roman Catholic dominance of theology? | What increasingly challenged the Roman Catholic dominance of theology? | [
"What increasingly challenged the Roman Catholic dominance of theology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestant churches"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34821 | 5726a0a5dd62a815002e8b62 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The enlightenment was an outright attack on what? | The enlightenment was an outright attack on what? | [
"The enlightenment was an outright attack on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"religion"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34822 | 5726a0a5dd62a815002e8b63 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | Who was the most outspoken critic of the church in France? | Who was the most outspoken critic of the church in France? | [
"Who was the most outspoken critic of the church in France?"
] | {
"text": [
"François Marie Arouet de Voltaire"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34823 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b26466 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The concept of Guild was superior to what theory? | The concept of Guild was superior to what theory? | [
"The concept of Guild was superior to what theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34824 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b26467 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The Roman Catholic Church was subordinate to what? | The Roman Catholic Church was subordinate to what? | [
"The Roman Catholic Church was subordinate to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34825 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b26468 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The allotment was an evolution of what? | The allotment was an evolution of what? | [
"The allotment was an evolution of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34826 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b26469 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | Who is the most outspoken supporter of the church in France? | Who is the most outspoken supporter of the church in France? | [
"Who is the most outspoken supporter of the church in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34827 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b2646a | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | After who philosophy was never the same again in France? | After who philosophy was never the same again in France? | [
"After who philosophy was never the same again in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34828 | 5a21c0338a6e4f001aa08e96 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | What concept was the enlightenment subordinated to? | What concept was the enlightenment subordinated to? | [
"What concept was the enlightenment subordinated to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34829 | 5a21c0338a6e4f001aa08e97 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | Who challenged Voltaire's dominance of theology? | Who challenged Voltaire's dominance of theology? | [
"Who challenged Voltaire's dominance of theology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34830 | 5a21c0338a6e4f001aa08e98 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | What were political and economic relations an attack on? | What were political and economic relations an attack on? | [
"What were political and economic relations an attack on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34831 | 5a21c0338a6e4f001aa08e99 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | Who was an outspoken critic of the theory of free trade? | Who was an outspoken critic of the theory of free trade? | [
"Who was an outspoken critic of the theory of free trade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34832 | 5a21c0338a6e4f001aa08e9a | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | After the concept of the guild, what happened to religion in France? | After the concept of the guild, what happened to religion in France? | [
"After the concept of the guild, what happened to religion in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34833 | 5726a16ff1498d1400e8e55c | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later? | In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later? | [
"In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ottoman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34834 | 5726a16ff1498d1400e8e55d | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time? | Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time? | [
"Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Iroquois philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34835 | 5726a16ff1498d1400e8e55e | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy? | Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy? | [
"Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Benjamin Franklin"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34836 | 5a1e0fb23de3f40018b26484 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What area did ideological reforms take place much earlier? | What area did ideological reforms take place much earlier? | [
"What area did ideological reforms take place much earlier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34837 | 5a1e0fb23de3f40018b26485 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Where in the New World was this doctrine spread? | Where in the New World was this doctrine spread? | [
"Where in the New World was this doctrine spread?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34838 | 5a1e0fb23de3f40018b26486 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Who modeled some of the methods of the Huron? | Who modeled some of the methods of the Huron? | [
"Who modeled some of the methods of the Huron?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34839 | 5a1e0fb23de3f40018b26487 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Whose literature emphasize the religious philosophy of the natives? | Whose literature emphasize the religious philosophy of the natives? | [
"Whose literature emphasize the religious philosophy of the natives?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34840 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea0 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What did Aztec civilizations inspire in the US? | What did Aztec civilizations inspire in the US? | [
"What did Aztec civilizations inspire in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34841 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea1 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What did early Mohican literature focus on? | What did early Mohican literature focus on? | [
"What did early Mohican literature focus on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34842 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea2 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | Who admired the methods of the Incan Confederacy? | Who admired the methods of the Incan Confederacy? | [
"Who admired the methods of the Incan Confederacy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34843 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea3 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What happened when methods of the Iroquois Confederacy were introduced to the Ottoman Empire? | What happened when methods of the Iroquois Confederacy were introduced to the Ottoman Empire? | [
"What happened when methods of the Iroquois Confederacy were introduced to the Ottoman Empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34844 | 5a21c32a8a6e4f001aa08ea4 | Political_philosophy | In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. Th... | What viewpoint influenced doctrine within the New World at the time? | What viewpoint influenced doctrine within the New World at the time? | [
"What viewpoint influenced doctrine within the New World at the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34845 | 5726a213f1498d1400e8e572 | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | Who was responsible for the work Two Treatises of Government? | Who was responsible for the work Two Treatises of Government? | [
"Who was responsible for the work Two Treatises of Government?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Locke"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34846 | 5726a213f1498d1400e8e573 | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | Locke refuted whose political theory? | Locke refuted whose political theory? | [
"Locke refuted whose political theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir Robert Filmer"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34847 | 5726a213f1498d1400e8e574 | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what? | According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what? | [
"According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"unnecessary"
],
"answer_start": [
1094
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34848 | 5a1e11aa3de3f40018b2648c | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | Who critique the work Two Treaties of Government? | Who critique the work Two Treaties of Government? | [
"Who critique the work Two Treaties of Government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34849 | 5a1e11aa3de3f40018b2648d | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Sir Robert Filmer could be found through contractual obligation? | What did Sir Robert Filmer could be found through contractual obligation? | [
"What did Sir Robert Filmer could be found through contractual obligation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34850 | 5a1e11aa3de3f40018b2648e | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | Which of John Locke's theories was a passing fancy? | Which of John Locke's theories was a passing fancy? | [
"Which of John Locke's theories was a passing fancy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34851 | 5a1e11aa3de3f40018b2648f | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What theory of Machiavelli and Hobbes did lock except? | What theory of Machiavelli and Hobbes did lock except? | [
"What theory of Machiavelli and Hobbes did lock except?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34852 | 5a1e11aa3de3f40018b26490 | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Aquinas believe came into this world is a tabula rasa? | What did Aquinas believe came into this world is a tabula rasa? | [
"What did Aquinas believe came into this world is a tabula rasa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34853 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eaa | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write? | What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write? | [
"What work did Sir Rober FIlmer write?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34854 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eab | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What theory was ridiculed by Aquinas? | What theory was ridiculed by Aquinas? | [
"What theory was ridiculed by Aquinas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34855 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eac | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed? | What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed? | [
"What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34856 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08ead | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Sir Robert Filmer believe about man's mind at birth? | What did Sir Robert Filmer believe about man's mind at birth? | [
"What did Sir Robert Filmer believe about man's mind at birth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34857 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eae | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Hobbes believe about gaining knowledge? | What did Hobbes believe about gaining knowledge? | [
"What did Hobbes believe about gaining knowledge?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34858 | 5726a284708984140094cc83 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism? | Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism? | [
"Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Friedrich Engels"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34859 | 5726a284708984140094cc84 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century? | What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century? | [
"What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Marxist critique of capitalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34860 | 5726a284708984140094cc85 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What produced a parallel revolution in political thought? | What produced a parallel revolution in political thought? | [
"What produced a parallel revolution in political thought?"
] | {
"text": [
"The industrial revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34861 | 5a1e17363de3f40018b264b4 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | Who developed liberalism and fascism? | Who developed liberalism and fascism? | [
"Who developed liberalism and fascism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34862 | 5a1e17363de3f40018b264b5 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What revolution was parallel but urbanization and capitalism? | What revolution was parallel but urbanization and capitalism? | [
"What revolution was parallel but urbanization and capitalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34863 | 5a1e17363de3f40018b264b6 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What movement formed in the mid-1900s? | What movement formed in the mid-1900s? | [
"What movement formed in the mid-1900s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34864 | 5a1e17363de3f40018b264b7 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | Whose theory of revolution is similar to Immanuel Kant's philosophy of history? | Whose theory of revolution is similar to Immanuel Kant's philosophy of history? | [
"Whose theory of revolution is similar to Immanuel Kant's philosophy of history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34865 | 5a1e17363de3f40018b264b8 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | Who were established members of the political landscape by the late 1900s? | Who were established members of the political landscape by the late 1900s? | [
"Who were established members of the political landscape by the late 1900s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34866 | 5a21c7658a6e4f001aa08eb4 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What political system was supported by capitalism? | What political system was supported by capitalism? | [
"What political system was supported by capitalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34867 | 5a21c7658a6e4f001aa08eb5 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What revolutionaries used Mikhail Bakunin's theories in the 20th century? | What revolutionaries used Mikhail Bakunin's theories in the 20th century? | [
"What revolutionaries used Mikhail Bakunin's theories in the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34868 | 5a21c7658a6e4f001aa08eb6 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | By the turn of the 20th century what two groups were established politically? | By the turn of the 20th century what two groups were established politically? | [
"By the turn of the 20th century what two groups were established politically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34869 | 5a21c7658a6e4f001aa08eb7 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | In the late 19th century what two ideas were becoming prominent in the Anglo-American world? | In the late 19th century what two ideas were becoming prominent in the Anglo-American world? | [
"In the late 19th century what two ideas were becoming prominent in the Anglo-American world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34870 | 5a21c7658a6e4f001aa08eb8 | Political_philosophy | The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During th... | What was a defining movement of the Twentieth Century against capitalism, created by Vladamir Lenin? | What was a defining movement of the Twentieth Century against capitalism, created by Vladamir Lenin? | [
"What was a defining movement of the Twentieth Century against capitalism, created by Vladamir Lenin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34871 | 5726a3475951b619008f7889 | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What was a watershed event in human history? | What was a watershed event in human history? | [
"What was a watershed event in human history?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War I"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34872 | 5726a3475951b619008f788a | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | When was The Russian Revolution? | When was The Russian Revolution? | [
"When was The Russian Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34873 | 5726a3475951b619008f788b | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What brought communism? | What brought communism? | [
"What brought communism?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Russian Revolution of 1917"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34874 | 5726a3475951b619008f788c | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run? | What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run? | [
"What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run?"
] | {
"text": [
"a group of central European economists"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34875 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ecc | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What changed because of Leninism? | What changed because of Leninism? | [
"What changed because of Leninism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34876 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ecd | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | When did universal suffrage I begin? | When did universal suffrage I begin? | [
"When did universal suffrage I begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34877 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ece | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced? | What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced? | [
"What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34878 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ecf | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What did European countries lead that identified the inspirations behind new government doctrines? | What did European countries lead that identified the inspirations behind new government doctrines? | [
"What did European countries lead that identified the inspirations behind new government doctrines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34879 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ed0 | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What was identified as being different types of Luxemburgism? | What was identified as being different types of Luxemburgism? | [
"What was identified as being different types of Luxemburgism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34880 | 5726a49df1498d1400e8e5d4 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | Who published A Theory of Justice? | Who published A Theory of Justice? | [
"Who published A Theory of Justice? "
] | {
"text": [
"John Rawls"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34881 | 5726a49df1498d1400e8e5d5 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | What did John Rawls publish? | What did John Rawls publish? | [
"What did John Rawls publish?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Theory of Justice"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34882 | 5726a49df1498d1400e8e5d6 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | What continent saw a huge blossoming of political philosophy? | What continent saw a huge blossoming of political philosophy? | [
"What continent saw a huge blossoming of political philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34883 | 5726a49df1498d1400e8e5d7 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | The events of May 1968 led to an increased interest in what? | The events of May 1968 led to an increased interest in what? | [
"The events of May 1968 led to an increased interest in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"revolutionary ideology"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34884 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08ee8 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | From the end of WWII until 1971 what declined in China? | From the end of WWII until 1971 what declined in China? | [
"From the end of WWII until 1971 what declined in China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34885 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08ee9 | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | What was continental Europe skeptical about? | What was continental Europe skeptical about? | [
"What was continental Europe skeptical about?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34886 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08eea | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | What did Marxism turn towards from the end of WWII until 1971? | What did Marxism turn towards from the end of WWII until 1971? | [
"What did Marxism turn towards from the end of WWII until 1971?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34887 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08eeb | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology? | In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology? | [
"In the 1950's and 1960's what group was interested in revolutionary ideology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34888 | 5a21ce268a6e4f001aa08eec | Political_philosophy | From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical ... | What immigrants to the US and Britain encouraged studies in Marxism? | What immigrants to the US and Britain encouraged studies in Marxism? | [
"What immigrants to the US and Britain encouraged studies in Marxism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34889 | 5726a550f1498d1400e8e5ec | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s? | What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s? | [
"What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Communism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34890 | 5726a550f1498d1400e8e5ed | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | There was a marked trend towards what type of approach to political issues? | There was a marked trend towards what type of approach to political issues? | [
"There was a marked trend towards what type of approach to political issues?"
] | {
"text": [
"pragmatic approach"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34891 | 5726a550f1498d1400e8e5ee | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | Who wrote The Racial Contract? | Who wrote The Racial Contract? | [
"Who wrote The Racial Contract?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles W. Mills"
],
"answer_start": [
829
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34892 | 5726a550f1498d1400e8e5ef | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | Who wrote The Sexual Contract? | Who wrote The Sexual Contract? | [
"Who wrote The Sexual Contract?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carole Patemen"
],
"answer_start": [
882
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34893 | 5a21d12e8a6e4f001aa08f0c | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What was a political exclusion in the 1950's and 1960's? | What was a political exclusion in the 1950's and 1960's? | [
"What was a political exclusion in the 1950's and 1960's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34894 | 5a21d12e8a6e4f001aa08f0d | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What was the trend towards dealing with racism? | What was the trend towards dealing with racism? | [
"What was the trend towards dealing with racism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34895 | 5a21d12e8a6e4f001aa08f0e | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What did utilitarianism lead to in the developed world? | What did utilitarianism lead to in the developed world? | [
"What did utilitarianism lead to in the developed world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34896 | 5a21d12e8a6e4f001aa08f0f | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What did the Communism mention about who was excluded in society? | What did the Communism mention about who was excluded in society? | [
"What did the Communism mention about who was excluded in society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34897 | 5a21d12e8a6e4f001aa08f10 | Political_philosophy | Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics:... | What was one approach to the debate about colonialism? | What was one approach to the debate about colonialism? | [
"What was one approach to the debate about colonialism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34898 | 5726a5d15951b619008f78f1 | Political_philosophy | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | What did John Rawsl publish? | What did John Rawsl publish? | [
"What did John Rawsl publish?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Theory of Justice"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34899 | 5726a5d15951b619008f78f2 | Political_philosophy | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | Who Published A Theory of Justice? | Who Published A Theory of Justice? | [
"Who Published A Theory of Justice?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Rawls"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
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