gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-9300 | 57326dbc0fdd8d15006c6ade | The_Bronx | By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals. A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Courthouse. However, times change, and in 2007, the New York Times reported that "the Bronx neighborhoods near the site of Sherman's accident are now dotted with townhouses and apartments." In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe." | What race was Sherman McCoy? | What race was Sherman McCoy? | [
"What race was Sherman McCoy?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9301 | 57326dbc0fdd8d15006c6adf | The_Bronx | By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals. A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Courthouse. However, times change, and in 2007, the New York Times reported that "the Bronx neighborhoods near the site of Sherman's accident are now dotted with townhouses and apartments." In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe." | Where did McCoy get lost? | Where did McCoy get lost? | [
"Where did McCoy get lost?"
] | {
"text": [
"off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9302 | 570e5e200dc6ce1900204fb5 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories. | How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made? | How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made? | [
"How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made?"
] | {
"text": [
"nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9303 | 570e5e200dc6ce1900204fb6 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories. | What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued? | What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued? | [
"What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued?"
] | {
"text": [
"Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9304 | 570e5e200dc6ce1900204fb7 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories. | What remained the head of state of the British Empire? | What remained the head of state of the British Empire? | [
"What remained the head of state of the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"the monarch"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9305 | 570e5e200dc6ce1900204fb8 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories. | Why did the oversea nominations discontinue? | Why did the oversea nominations discontinue? | [
"Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?"
] | {
"text": [
"established their own Orders"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9306 | 570e5e200dc6ce1900204fb9 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories. | What countries established new orders? | What countries established new orders? | [
"What countries established new orders?"
] | {
"text": [
"Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9307 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd1 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. | Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves? | Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves? | [
"Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?"
] | {
"text": [
"Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9308 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd2 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. | What was the emblem? | What was the emblem? | [
"What was the emblem?"
] | {
"text": [
"two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9309 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd3 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. | What year was it replaced? | What year was it replaced? | [
"What year was it replaced?"
] | {
"text": [
"1974"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9310 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd4 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. | What kind of medal was replaced in 1974? | What kind of medal was replaced in 1974? | [
"What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen's Gallantry Medal"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9311 | 570e616f0dc6ce1900204fd5 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. | They continued to wear what the insignia of what? | They continued to wear what the insignia of what? | [
"They continued to wear what the insignia of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"lower grade with the oak leaves"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9312 | 570e62ae0dc6ce1900204fe5 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE". | Who are appointed to citizens of nations? | Who are appointed to citizens of nations? | [
"Who are appointed to citizens of nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Honorary knighthoods"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9313 | 570e62ae0dc6ce1900204fe6 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE". | Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State? | Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State? | [
"Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State?"
] | {
"text": [
"citizens of nations"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9314 | 570e62ae0dc6ce1900204fe7 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE". | What is honorary appointees are incorrectly referred to? | What is honorary appointees are incorrectly referred to? | [
"What is honorary appointees are incorrectly referred to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir or Dame"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9315 | 570e62ae0dc6ce1900204fe8 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE". | Who are examples of Sir of Dame? | Who are examples of Sir of Dame? | [
"Who are examples of Sir of Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bill Gates or Bob Geldof"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9316 | 570e62ae0dc6ce1900204fe9 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE". | What is an example of irish broadcaster? | What is an example of irish broadcaster? | [
"What is an example of irish broadcaster?"
] | {
"text": [
"Terry Wogan"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9317 | 570e63590dc6ce1900204fef | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. | Who are the six officials of The Order? | Who are the six officials of The Order? | [
"Who are the six officials of The Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9318 | 570e63590dc6ce1900204ff0 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. | Who serves as the Order's Prelate? | Who serves as the Order's Prelate? | [
"Who serves as the Order's Prelate?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9319 | 570e63590dc6ce1900204ff1 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. | Who was The Dean of St. Paul? | Who was The Dean of St. Paul? | [
"Who was The Dean of St. Paul?"
] | {
"text": [
"ex officio the Dean of the Order"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9320 | 570e63590dc6ce1900204ff2 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. | Who is not a member of the College of Arms? | Who is not a member of the College of Arms? | [
"Who is not a member of the College of Arms?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Order's King of Arms"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9321 | 570e63590dc6ce1900204ff3 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords. | What is the Usher of the Order? | What is the Usher of the Order? | [
"What is the Usher of the Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9322 | 570e669f0dc6ce1900205015 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes. | Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms? | Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms? | [
"Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Appointments to the Order of the British Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9323 | 570e669f0dc6ce1900205016 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes. | Who established a national system of honours and awards? | Who established a national system of honours and awards? | [
"Who established a national system of honours and awards?"
] | {
"text": [
"Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9324 | 570e669f0dc6ce1900205017 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes. | How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system? | How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system? | [
"How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Canada, Australia, and New Zealand"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9325 | 570e669f0dc6ce1900205018 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes. | What were the highest class? | What were the highest class? | [
"What were the highest class?"
] | {
"text": [
"Knights and Dames"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9326 | 570e67880dc6ce1900205027 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions. | Who were MBE'S? | Who were MBE'S? | [
"Who were MBE'S?"
] | {
"text": [
"The members of The Beatles"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9327 | 570e67880dc6ce1900205028 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions. | In what year was the Beatles made MBE's? | In what year was the Beatles made MBE's? | [
"In what year was the Beatles made MBE's?"
] | {
"text": [
"1965"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9328 | 570e67880dc6ce1900205029 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions. | Who compared military membership in the Order? | Who compared military membership in the Order? | [
"Who compared military membership in the Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Lennon"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9329 | 570e67880dc6ce190020502a | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions. | Who said "lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE received thris for heroism in the war. | Who said "lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE received thris for heroism in the war. | [
"Who said \"lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE received thris for heroism in the war."
] | {
"text": [
"John Lennon"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9330 | 570e67880dc6ce190020502b | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions. | When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia? | When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia? | [
"When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 November 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9331 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205031 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. | Who was the most excellent Order of the British Empire? | Who was the most excellent Order of the British Empire? | [
"Who was the most excellent Order of the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9332 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205032 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. | Who rewarded contributions to the arts and sciences? | Who rewarded contributions to the arts and sciences? | [
"Who rewarded contributions to the arts and sciences?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9333 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205033 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. | When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established? | When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established? | [
"When was the order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy established?"
] | {
"text": [
"4 June 1917"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9334 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205034 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. | Who established the chivalry of british constiutional monarchy? | Who established the chivalry of british constiutional monarchy? | [
"Who established the chivalry of british constiutional monarchy?"
] | {
"text": [
"King George V"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9335 | 570e68670dc6ce1900205035 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is the "order of chivalry of British constitutional monarchy", rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations and public service outside the Civil Service. It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes, in civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male, or dame if female. There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. | Who is the recipient? | Who is the recipient? | [
"Who is the recipient?"
] | {
"text": [
"knight if male, or dame if female"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9336 | 570e69cb0dc6ce1900205045 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". | What was instituted to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation? | What was instituted to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation? | [
"What was instituted to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Medal of the Order of the British Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9337 | 570e69cb0dc6ce1900205046 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". | In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established? | In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established? | [
"In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1922"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9338 | 570e69cb0dc6ce1900205047 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". | What was the medal renamed as? | What was the medal renamed as? | [
"What was the medal renamed as?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Empire Medal"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9339 | 570e69cb0dc6ce1900205048 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". | When was it stopped being rewarded? | When was it stopped being rewarded? | [
"When was it stopped being rewarded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1993"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9340 | 570e69cb0dc6ce1900205049 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". | How many BEM's were awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee? | How many BEM's were awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee? | [
"How many BEM's were awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee?"
] | {
"text": [
"293"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9341 | 570e6d560dc6ce190020504f | Order_of_the_British_Empire | From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal). Oddly, this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal, but, as an Order, was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials. From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry. | From what year could the Sovereign appoint a person as Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire? | From what year could the Sovereign appoint a person as Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire? | [
"From what year could the Sovereign appoint a person as Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9342 | 570e6d560dc6ce1900205050 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal). Oddly, this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal, but, as an Order, was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials. From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry. | Of what acts did the Members of the Order of the British Empire appoint? | Of what acts did the Members of the Order of the British Empire appoint? | [
"Of what acts did the Members of the Order of the British Empire appoint?"
] | {
"text": [
"below the level required for the George Medal"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9343 | 570e6d560dc6ce1900205051 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal). Oddly, this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal, but, as an Order, was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials. From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry. | What grade was determined? | What grade was determined? | [
"What grade was determined?"
] | {
"text": [
"same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9344 | 570e6d560dc6ce1900205052 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal). Oddly, this meant that it was awarded for lesser acts of gallantry than the George Medal, but, as an Order, was worn before it and listed before it in post-nominal initials. From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry. | When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry? | When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry? | [
"When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 January 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9345 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7eef | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters. | Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross? | Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross? | [
"Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross?"
] | {
"text": [
"Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9346 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef0 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters. | Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames? | Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames? | [
"Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dames Grand Cross"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9347 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef1 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters. | Who would prefix Lady to their surnames? | Who would prefix Lady to their surnames? | [
"Who would prefix Lady to their surnames?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wives of Knights"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9348 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef2 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters. | Such forms are not used by whom? | Such forms are not used by whom? | [
"Such forms are not used by whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"peers and princes"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9349 | 570e6eac0b85d914000d7ef3 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters. | Who wouldn't use the title Sir of Dame? | Who wouldn't use the title Sir of Dame? | [
"Who wouldn't use the title Sir of Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9350 | 570e6ff20dc6ce190020506b | Order_of_the_British_Empire | India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. | Who has set honours awarded by the President of India? | Who has set honours awarded by the President of India? | [
"Who has set honours awarded by the President of India?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9351 | 570e6ff20dc6ce190020506c | Order_of_the_British_Empire | India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. | Who holds a republican position some consider to monarch of Britain? | Who holds a republican position some consider to monarch of Britain? | [
"Who holds a republican position some consider to monarch of Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"President of India"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9352 | 570e6ff20dc6ce190020506d | Order_of_the_British_Empire | India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. | What is referred to as the Padma Awards? | What is referred to as the Padma Awards? | [
"What is referred to as the Padma Awards?"
] | {
"text": [
"President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9353 | 570e6ff20dc6ce190020506e | Order_of_the_British_Empire | India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. | What does the Padma Awards consist of? | What does the Padma Awards consist of? | [
"What does the Padma Awards consist of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9354 | 570e6ff20dc6ce190020506f | Order_of_the_British_Empire | India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. | What does not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person? | What does not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person? | [
"What does not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person?"
] | {
"text": [
"Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9355 | 570e718c0dc6ce1900205075 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders. | How many Knights are in The Order? | How many Knights are in The Order? | [
"How many Knights are in The Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9356 | 570e718c0dc6ce1900205076 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders. | How many Knights and Dames Commander? | How many Knights and Dames Commander? | [
"How many Knights and Dames Commander?"
] | {
"text": [
"845"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9357 | 570e718c0dc6ce1900205077 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders. | How many commanders are in The Order? | How many commanders are in The Order? | [
"How many commanders are in The Order?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,960"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9358 | 570e718c0dc6ce1900205078 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders. | How many officers and members maybe be appointed per year? | How many officers and members maybe be appointed per year? | [
"How many officers and members maybe be appointed per year?"
] | {
"text": [
"858 Officers and 1,464 Members"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9359 | 570e718c0dc6ce1900205079 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders. | Who has the highest numbers of the British Orders of Chivalry? | Who has the highest numbers of the British Orders of Chivalry? | [
"Who has the highest numbers of the British Orders of Chivalry?"
] | {
"text": [
"Order of the British Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9360 | 570e727b0dc6ce1900205085 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions). | What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to? | What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to? | [
"What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to?"
] | {
"text": [
"positions in the order of precedence"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9361 | 570e727b0dc6ce1900205086 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions). | Who of the male members feature on the order? | Who of the male members feature on the order? | [
"Who of the male members feature on the order?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9362 | 570e727b0dc6ce1900205087 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions). | Who are not assigned any special precedence? | Who are not assigned any special precedence? | [
"Who are not assigned any special precedence?"
] | {
"text": [
"relatives of Ladies of the Order"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9363 | 570e727b0dc6ce1900205088 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions). | Who can individuals derive precedence from? | Who can individuals derive precedence from? | [
"Who can individuals derive precedence from?"
] | {
"text": [
"fathers or husbands"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9364 | 570e727b0dc6ce1900205089 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions). | Who can individuals can not derive precedence from? | Who can individuals can not derive precedence from? | [
"Who can individuals can not derive precedence from?"
] | {
"text": [
"mothers or wives"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9365 | 5a6b5bfca9e0c9001a4e9f3a | Myocardial_infarction | Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. | What is the scientific name for blood flow? | What is the scientific name for blood flow? | [
"What is the scientific name for blood flow?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9366 | 5a6b5bfca9e0c9001a4e9f3b | Myocardial_infarction | Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. | What percentage of women have had a heart attack? | What percentage of women have had a heart attack? | [
"What percentage of women have had a heart attack?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9367 | 5a6b5bfca9e0c9001a4e9f3c | Myocardial_infarction | Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. | What percentage of people have chest pain when experiencing an MI? | What percentage of people have chest pain when experiencing an MI? | [
"What percentage of people have chest pain when experiencing an MI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9368 | 5a6b5bfca9e0c9001a4e9f3d | Myocardial_infarction | Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. | What is heartburn a commonly known as? | What is heartburn a commonly known as? | [
"What is heartburn a commonly known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9369 | 5a6b5bfca9e0c9001a4e9f3e | Myocardial_infarction | Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. | How long does heartburn last? | How long does heartburn last? | [
"How long does heartburn last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9370 | 5a6b5d0fa9e0c9001a4e9f44 | Myocardial_infarction | Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB. | What is used to confirm a artery spasm? | What is used to confirm a artery spasm? | [
"What is used to confirm a artery spasm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9371 | 5a6b5d0fa9e0c9001a4e9f45 | Myocardial_infarction | Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB. | What test includes cocaine? | What test includes cocaine? | [
"What test includes cocaine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9372 | 5a6b5d0fa9e0c9001a4e9f46 | Myocardial_infarction | Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB. | What type of rupture helps prevent MI? | What type of rupture helps prevent MI? | [
"What type of rupture helps prevent MI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9373 | 5a6b5d0fa9e0c9001a4e9f47 | Myocardial_infarction | Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB. | What causes extreme cold? | What causes extreme cold? | [
"What causes extreme cold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9374 | 5a6b5d0fa9e0c9001a4e9f48 | Myocardial_infarction | Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB. | What does a coronary angiography look for? | What does a coronary angiography look for? | [
"What does a coronary angiography look for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9375 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f4e | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended. | What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI? | What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI? | [
"What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9376 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f4f | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended. | Supplemental oxygen does not improve what? | Supplemental oxygen does not improve what? | [
"Supplemental oxygen does not improve what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9377 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f50 | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended. | What medicine is used to remove blockages? | What medicine is used to remove blockages? | [
"What medicine is used to remove blockages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9378 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f51 | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended. | What surgery is designed to slow blood flow? | What surgery is designed to slow blood flow? | [
"What surgery is designed to slow blood flow?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9379 | 5a6b5ebba9e0c9001a4e9f52 | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended. | What blood thinner is used in ST elevation treatments? | What blood thinner is used in ST elevation treatments? | [
"What blood thinner is used in ST elevation treatments?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9380 | 5a6b6844a9e0c9001a4e9f58 | Myocardial_infarction | The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value. | What type of heart problem has a typically instantaneous onset? | What type of heart problem has a typically instantaneous onset? | [
"What type of heart problem has a typically instantaneous onset?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9381 | 5a6b6844a9e0c9001a4e9f59 | Myocardial_infarction | The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value. | How is pain in the left arm often described? | How is pain in the left arm often described? | [
"How is pain in the left arm often described?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9382 | 5a6b6844a9e0c9001a4e9f5a | Myocardial_infarction | The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value. | What is a good way to predict a heart attack? | What is a good way to predict a heart attack? | [
"What is a good way to predict a heart attack?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9383 | 5a6b6844a9e0c9001a4e9f5b | Myocardial_infarction | The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value. | What is the term for pain in the left arm? | What is the term for pain in the left arm? | [
"What is the term for pain in the left arm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9384 | 5a6b6844a9e0c9001a4e9f5c | Myocardial_infarction | The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value. | What does a lack of oxygen supply cause? | What does a lack of oxygen supply cause? | [
"What does a lack of oxygen supply cause?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9385 | 5a6b69e6a9e0c9001a4e9f62 | Myocardial_infarction | Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. | What is excessive weakness called? | What is excessive weakness called? | [
"What is excessive weakness called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9386 | 5a6b69e6a9e0c9001a4e9f63 | Myocardial_infarction | Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. | Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones? | Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones? | [
"Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9387 | 5a6b69e6a9e0c9001a4e9f64 | Myocardial_infarction | Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. | Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath? | Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath? | [
"Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9388 | 5a6b69e6a9e0c9001a4e9f65 | Myocardial_infarction | Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. | What is left ventricular failure called? | What is left ventricular failure called? | [
"What is left ventricular failure called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9389 | 5a6b69e6a9e0c9001a4e9f66 | Myocardial_infarction | Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. | What kind of shock can cause sudden death? | What kind of shock can cause sudden death? | [
"What kind of shock can cause sudden death?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9390 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6c | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men. Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode. | How many symptoms do people with diabetes typically report? | How many symptoms do people with diabetes typically report? | [
"How many symptoms do people with diabetes typically report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9391 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6d | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men. Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode. | What are the most common symptoms for men? | What are the most common symptoms for men? | [
"What are the most common symptoms for men?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9392 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6e | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men. Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode. | How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest? | How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest? | [
"How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9393 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6f | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men. Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode. | What is more predictive of coronary ischemia for women? | What is more predictive of coronary ischemia for women? | [
"What is more predictive of coronary ischemia for women?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9394 | 5a6b8d93a9e0c9001a4e9f74 | Myocardial_infarction | At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. | What percentage of silent cases are later discovered on electrocardiograms? | What percentage of silent cases are later discovered on electrocardiograms? | [
"What percentage of silent cases are later discovered on electrocardiograms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9395 | 5a6b8d93a9e0c9001a4e9f75 | Myocardial_infarction | At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. | People with what disease are least likely to experience a silent MI? | People with what disease are least likely to experience a silent MI? | [
"People with what disease are least likely to experience a silent MI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9396 | 5a6b8d93a9e0c9001a4e9f76 | Myocardial_infarction | At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. | Why is a donor heart more sensitive to pain from MIs? | Why is a donor heart more sensitive to pain from MIs? | [
"Why is a donor heart more sensitive to pain from MIs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9397 | 5a6b8d93a9e0c9001a4e9f77 | Myocardial_infarction | At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. | What have been ruled out as possible explanations for silent MIs in diabetics? | What have been ruled out as possible explanations for silent MIs in diabetics? | [
"What have been ruled out as possible explanations for silent MIs in diabetics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9398 | 5a6b8d93a9e0c9001a4e9f78 | Myocardial_infarction | At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. | What fraction of MIs are discovered with blood enzyme tests? | What fraction of MIs are discovered with blood enzyme tests? | [
"What fraction of MIs are discovered with blood enzyme tests?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9399 | 5a6b9825a9e0c9001a4e9f92 | Myocardial_infarction | Tobacco smoking (including secondhand smoke) and short-term exposure to air pollution such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (but not ozone) have been associated with MI. Other factors that increase the risk of MI and are associated with worse outcomes after an MI include lack of physical activity and psychosocial factors including low socioeconomic status, social isolation, and negative emotions. Shift work is also associated with a higher risk of MI. Acute and prolonged intake of high quantities of alcoholic drinks (3-4 or more) increase the risk of a heart attack. | What forms of air pollution does smoking tobacco cause? | What forms of air pollution does smoking tobacco cause? | [
"What forms of air pollution does smoking tobacco cause?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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