id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_1637 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the glycocalyx can be triggered by inflammatory stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor - alpha. whatever the stimulus is, however, shedding of the glycocalyx leads to a drastic increase in vascular permeability. vascular walls being permeable is disadvantageous, since that would enable passage of some macromolecu... | [
"Hereditory spherocytosis",
"Antoimmune haemolytic anemia",
"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria",
"Thalassemia"
] | C | Paroxysmal noctural hemoglobunuria (PNH) is the only hemolytic anemia caused by an acquired intrinsic defect in the cell membrane. It is associated with intravascular hemolysis. Rest all conditions causes extravascular heamolysis. |
qasc_3175 | qasc | <ctx>
by japanese, german, or american governments almost three - to sevenfold. the guardian in april 2019 reported that a study for ipen and the basel action network found dangerous levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ) in chicken eggs at agbogbloshie. lead - containing glass used in computer monito... | [
"death",
"pain",
"pleasure",
"birth"
] | B | |
arc_challenge_990 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the parents. at the same time, the more extreme the expression of the trait in the parents, the more likely the child is to express the trait at all. for example, the child of two extremely tall parents is likely to be taller than the average person ( displaying the trait ), but unlikely to be taller than the two... | [
"shape of earlobes",
"musical ability",
"personality",
"language"
] | A | |
aquarat_7414 | aquarat | <ctx>
10. 117 10. 118 10. 119 10. 120
. 86 3. 87 3. 88 3. 89 3. 90 3. 91 3. 92
##spenser # 2 dispenser # 3 283. 3 298. 3 296. 1 284. 1 294. 2 295. 9 283. 9 296. 0 296. 1 284. 0 297. 8 296. 0 284. 1 293. 9
checking each number in order. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license )
<... | [
"A)99",
"B)104",
"C)102",
"D)108"
] | B | 121. 112. 104. 97. 91. 86
the decreasing difference is reducing by 1 at each step
so,missing no. will be 104
answer B |
aquarat_2458 | aquarat | <ctx>
##8350585519524478541747311 rsa - 390 rsa - 390 has 390 decimal digits ( 1, 294 bits ), and has not been factored so far. rsa - 390 = 2680401941182388454501037079346656065366941749082852678729822424397709178250 4623002472848967604282562331676313645413672467684996118812899734451228212989 16300847594850634236049116... | [
"A)7",
"B)2",
"C)1",
"D)4"
] | B | p = 25 * 343 * 9 / 1575
p = 5^2 * 7^3 * 3^2 / (5^2 * 3^2 * 7)
p = 7 ^ 2
p = 49
Ans: B |
medmcqa_5635 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##aract is caused when crystallins are damaged photochemically, thereby leading to diminished lenticular transparency. he argued that the oxidative stress on the lens induces covalent chemical changes in the constituent molecules and these changes lead to cataract. he researched further on the subject to find out... | [
"Hereditary",
"DM",
"Trauma",
"Age related"
] | D | D i.e. Age related Radiation cataract is caused by exposure to almost all types of radiation energy such as infrared or heat (in glass-blowers or glass-workers, and iron-workers), irradiation caused by X-rays, gamma-rays or neutrons (in workers in atomic energy plant, survivors of atomic bomb and in patients inadequate... |
aquarat_7378 | aquarat | <ctx>
##6183243543359471811072599763828083615704046 0481625355619404899 rsa - 640 rsa - 640 has 193 decimal digits ( 640 bits ). a cash prize of us $ 20, 000 was offered by rsa security for a successful factorization. on november 2, 2005, f. bahr, m. boehm, j. franke and t. kleinjung of the german federal office for in... | [
"A)1",
"B)10",
"C)100",
"D)1000"
] | B | 10^(65) ΓΒ· 10^(64) = 10^ (65-64) = 10^1
= 10
Answer : B |
qasc_4383 | qasc | <ctx>
visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision ( daytime vision ), color vision, scotopic vision ( night vision ), and mesopic vision ( twilight vision ), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. this is different from visual a... | [
"oak tree",
"bears",
"pigs",
"humans"
] | C | |
aquarat_7461 | aquarat | <ctx>
15 minutes a day in 2013 to 48 minutes in 2017. research by the children's charity childwise suggested that a majority of british three - and four - year - olds owned an internet - connected device by 2018. being born into an environment where the use of electronic devices is ubiquitous comes with its own challen... | [
"A)50.12%",
"B)40.52%",
"C)40.56%",
"D)40.38%"
] | D | Say a 100 families existed in 1994 then the number of families owning a computer in 1994 - 40
Number of families owning computer in 1998 = 35 * 120/100 = 42
Number of families in 1998 = 104
The percentage = 42/104 * 100 = 40.38%.
Option: D |
aquarat_8568 | aquarat | <ctx>
< 9. 99 : order = 50 if 9. 99 < = price < 19. 99 : order = 30 if price > = 19. 99 : order = 10 a. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 else : order = 30 order = 10 b. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 elif price < 19. 99 : order = 30 elif price = = 19. 99 : order = 10 c. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50
this equation and ente... | [
"A)45",
"B)21",
"C)9",
"D)16"
] | D | This can be solved like a classical mixture problem but numbers are awkward to deal with.
It's easier to just look at the answer choices. You know that a multiple of 3 oranges has to be sold at the first rate, and a multiple of 7 at the second rate. You simple subtract the answer choices for the first rate from 100 and... |
openbookqa_2266 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a see - through display or transparent display is an electronic display that allows the user to see what is shown on the screen while still being able to see through it. the main applications of this type of display are in head - up displays, augmented reality systems, digital signage, and general large - scale s... | [
"wood",
"water",
"air",
"glass"
] | A | |
aquarat_33974 | aquarat | <ctx>
are indeed independent. consider the probability of typing the word banana on a typewriter with 50 keys. suppose that the keys are pressed randomly and independently, meaning that each key has an equal chance of being pressed regardless of what keys had been pressed previously. the chance that the first letter ty... | [
"A)9",
"B)10",
"C)11",
"D)6"
] | D | One monkey takes 6 min to eat 1 banana , so in 18 mins 1 monkey will eat 3 bananas , so for 18 bananas in 18 min we need 18/3 =6 monkeys
ANSWER:D |
mmlu_aux_5294 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land ( e. g. cats, chickens, ants, spiders ), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water ( e. g. fish, lobsters, octopuses ), and amphibians, which rely on aquatic and terrestrial habitats ( e. g. frogs... | [
"one",
"two",
"three",
"four"
] | B | null |
aquarat_9461 | aquarat | <ctx>
1. 2 physical quantities and units 1. the speed limit on some interstate highways is roughly 100 km / h. ( a ) what is this in meters per second? ( b ) how many miles per hour is this? 2. a car is traveling at a speed of. ( a ) what is its speed in kilometers per hour? ( b ) is it exceeding the speed limit? 3. sh... | [
"A)400",
"B)525",
"C)750",
"D)850"
] | C | Sol.
Speed = [90 * 5/18] m/sec = 25 m/sec; Time = 1 min. = 60 sec.
Let the length of the train and that of the platform be x metres.
Then, 2x/60 = 25 β x = 25 * 60 / 2 = 750
Answer C |
aquarat_44250 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 = d. then Ξ³ an integer and Ξ³ = 1 Ξ³ β€ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat... | [
"A)2",
"B)1",
"C)0",
"D)-3"
] | D | Plug in the answer choices in the equation from the question stem.
A) y = 2 >>> 4-x = 4x >>> No value of x will satisfy this, not even 0. POE
B) y = 1 >>> 2 - x = 2x >>> Same, POE
C) y = 0 >>> -x = 0 >>> x can not equal 0
D) y = -1 >>> -2 - 2x = -4x >>> Holds true for x = 1, no need to check E. This is the answer.
Answ... |
aquarat_13248 | aquarat | <ctx>
example, in an eight - team league, the team that collectively blocks the most shots might earn eight points, the team that blocks the second most might earn seven, and so on. the number of statistics for which the teams are ranked may vary. another common format is head - to - head competition, in which each tea... | [
"A)15",
"B)16",
"C)28",
"D)56"
] | C | Number of ways 2 teams can be selected out of 8 teams:
C8/2=8β7/2=28
Ans:"C" |
aquarat_14943 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)200",
"B)250",
"C)300",
"D)350"
] | C | 54 km/hr = 54 * 5/18 = 15 m/s
distance = 15 * 20 = 300 meters
The answer is C. |
aquarat_46887 | aquarat | <ctx>
in probability theory, the coupon collector's problem describes " collect all coupons and win " contests. it asks the following question : if each box of a brand of cereals contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more than t boxes need to be bought to collect al... | [
"A)$16.60",
"B)$20.75",
"C)$22.50",
"D)$42.75"
] | A | Let number of Apple , Orange , strawberry and grape candies be A, O ,S and G respectively .
A= 2O
S= 2G
A= 2S
A= 4G
A+O+S+G = 90
=>A + A/2 + A/2 +A/4 = 90
=> 9A/4 = 90
=> A = 40
O = 20
S = 20
G = 10
Cost of each candy = .2 $
Mininum amount of money required to guarantee that you would buy at least three of each type of... |
medmcqa_5456 | medmcqa | <ctx>
breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo... | [
"Exudative RD",
"Cystoid macular edema (CME)",
"Vitreal floaters",
"Inflammatory disc edema"
] | B | B i.e. Cystoid macular edema (CME) |
qasc_6700 | qasc | <ctx>
in the same - different discrimination task. two arrays of items were presented simultaneously in which the two sets of items were either identical or different from one another. pigeons were required to distinguish between the two arrays of items in which the level of difficulty was varied. pigeons were provided... | [
"movement",
"Chemical energy",
"by fighting",
"through play"
] | D | |
qasc_1437 | qasc | <ctx>
they may be considered a transitional point between true terrestrial animals and aquatic animals. among vertebrates, amphibians have this characteristic relying on a moist environment and breathing through their moist skin while reproducing in water. many other animal groups solely have terrestrial animals that l... | [
"breathe",
"water",
"oxygen",
"a fish"
] | B | |
openbookqa_16 | openbookqa | <ctx>
141 - 144. mitchell, p. l. and t. c. whitmore. 1993. use of hemispherical photographs in forest ecology : calculation of absolute amount of radiation beneath the canopy. oxford forestry institute. oxford, united kingdom. neumann, h. h., g. d. den hartog, and r. h. shaw. 1989. leaf area measurements based on hemis... | [
"are unable to decay",
"are able to regrow themselves",
"are broken down for good",
"broke, passed, will decay"
] | D | |
medmcqa_9989 | medmcqa | <ctx>
implicated in the development of diabetic foot ulcers are infection, older age, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, cigarette smoking, poor glycemic control, previous foot ulcerations or amputations, and ischemia of small and large blood vessels. prior history of foot disease, foot deformities that ... | [
"Healing of the wound spontaneously without scar formation",
"Anaesthesia at the site of burns",
"Blister formation",
"Painful"
] | B | .a. Paial thickness burns: It is either first or second degree burn which is red and painful, often with blisters b. Full thickness burns: It is third degree burns which is charred, insensitive, deep involving all layers of the skin.Effects of Burn Injury 1. Shock due to hypovolaemia. 2. Renal failure. 3. Pulmonary oed... |
mmlu_aux_4710 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
hypothesis and mutualism parasitism continuum. evolutionary game theory such as red queen hypothesis, red king hypothesis or black queen hypothesis, have demonstrated a classification based on the force of interaction is important. classification based on time of interaction short - term interactions short - term... | [
"Sharks' fins",
"Tigers' skins",
"food",
"food and fun"
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_3788 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##chemically different from the older regions, and that these differences related to igneous processes, not secondary processes like the interaction of water or ice with the surface of elysium in the past. " we determined that while there might have been water in this area in the past, the geochemical properties ... | [
"By studying Allan Hills meteorite.",
"By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.",
"By studying minerals gathered on Mars",
"By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface."
] | A | null |
openbookqa_192 | openbookqa | <ctx>
weapons. lightning lightning is unusual in that it typically has a preliminary " leader " discharge of low energy building up to the main pulse, which in turn may be followed at intervals by several smaller bursts. electrostatic discharge ( esd ) esd events are characterized by high voltages of many kv, but small... | [
"bark and canopies",
"a crystal lake",
"a snowy mountaintop",
"a small bird"
] | A | |
pubmedqa_662 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
jlabs, financing & venture capital at jjdc, inc., and collaborations leading to the potential development of medical device technologies, pharmaceuticals, and therapeutics. there are 4 jji innovation centers located in london, shanghai, boston ( cambridge ), and the san francisco bay area. there are 13 jlabs incu... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
pubmedqa_655 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
than percutaneous coronary interventions. newer " anaortic " or no - touch off - pump coronary artery revascularization techniques have shown reduced postoperative stroke rates comparable to percutaneous coronary intervention. hybrid coronary revascularization has also been shown to be a safe and feasible procedu... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
openbookqa_3031 | openbookqa | <ctx>
anatomy ( ) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. it is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. anatomy is inherently tied to developm... | [
"received from one's parents",
"passed away from Earth",
"passed down from eggs",
"passed down from tomorrow"
] | A | |
aquarat_19699 | aquarat | <ctx>
at 3 mhz and contained 54 kb of static ram, direct memory access ability on the bus, and two 5. 25 - inch floppy disk drives built by shugart associates. the computer's built - in 12 - inch crt monitor could display 80 columns by 24 lines, while the built - in keyboard had 103 keys and hall effect switches. the e... | [
"A)7,000",
"B)24,000",
"C)40,000",
"D)142,800"
] | D | Since 7 days consist of 24*7 hours the total hours of a week is 168 hours.
Since every hour the machine produces 850 units of product P the total product during 168 hours is 850*168=142,800.
Correct Option : D |
aquarat_40814 | aquarat | <ctx>
##900330031400051170742204560859276357953757185954 2988389587092292384910067030341246205457845664136645406842143612930176940208 46391065875914794251435144458199 rsa - 270 rsa - 270 has 270 decimal digits ( 895 bits ), and has not been factored so far. rsa - 270 = 23310853034440754452763765691068052414561981248030... | [
"A)13",
"B)21",
"C)22",
"D)24"
] | C | The reasoning is as follows:-
B) can't be answer because Y<X
D) can't be answer because it XY x YX will give 4 digit number. Thus wrong
E) can't be answer because it XY x YX will give 4 digit number. Thus wrong
A) can't be answer because it XY x YX will give 3 digit number but the middle digit will not be equal to Y. T... |
mmlu_aux_8205 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
mycorrhizal networks and result in behavioral modifications in connected plants, as indicated by morphological or physiological changes, due to the infochemicals being transmitted. one study reported a threefold increase in photosynthesis in a paper birch transferring carbon to a douglas fir, indicating a physiol... | [
"morph for continuation",
"boogie",
"bake cakes",
"take long naps"
] | A | null |
aquarat_22062 | aquarat | <ctx>
, it is common for authors to claim that the solution to the problem is easy, even elementary. upon investigating these elementary solutions, however, they often differ from one author to the next. example resolution suppose that the total amount in both envelopes is a constant, with in one envelope and in the ot... | [
"A)Combined, with a saving of 20 cents",
"B)Combined, with a saving of 35 cents",
"C)Separately, with a saving of 5 cents",
"D)Separately, with a saving of 15 cents"
] | B | 4 pounds cost = 40+3*5 = 55
6 pounds cost = 40+5*5 = 65
Total = 120
10 pounds cost = 40+ 9*5 =85 dif. 35
Answer : B |
aquarat_48826 | aquarat | <ctx>
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 β p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ... | [
"A)s.21.60",
"B)s.36.00",
"C)s.22.29",
"D)s.21.26"
] | B | Amount of money Siddharth borrowed at S.I at 6% p.a. for two years = Rs.10,000
He lend the same amount for C.I at 6% p.a. for two years.
=> Siddharth's income = C.I - S.I
= p[1 + r/ 100]n - p - pnr/100
= p{ [1 + r/ 100]2 - 1 - nr/100
= 10,000{ [1 + 6/100]2 - 1 - 12/100}
= 10,000 {(1.06)2- 1 - 0.12} = 10,000(1.1236 - 1 ... |
medmcqa_1759 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dizziness headaches cold hands and feet pale skin dark urine jaundice chest pain pain in the back or legs vomiting or diarrhea heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat ( arrhythmia ), a heart murmur, an enlarged heart, or heart failure. these may occur because the heart has to work harder to make sure the bo... | [
"Appendicitis",
"Leukemic colitis",
"Perforation peritonitis",
"Neutropenic colitis"
] | D | Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is also known as typhlitis, ileocecal syndrome, cecitis, or necrotizing enterocolitis. Despite the previous use of the term "necrotizing enterocolitis" to describe NE cases, necrotizing enterocolitis is a different inflammatory illness seen in newborns and is beyond the scope of this revi... |
aquarat_49777 | aquarat | <ctx>
those of c. this is incorrect, however, because b has changed value from 2 to 3, making the actual results differ. using the ssa representation resolves this disparity. using mathematical identities a simple implementation might also be unable to catch all equivalent expressions, even when they only differ by the... | [
"A)1 whole number",
"B)-1, not a whole number",
"C)0 whole number",
"D)-A whole number"
] | B | natural numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,...... are called whole numbers. if A is a whole number and it is greater than 0 the the whole number before that is A-1 which will always be a whole number. which means 0-1= -1, which is not whole number. correct answer (B) |
mmlu_aux_3498 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
police find the barbed wire and know their prey has crossed what they know as the border into green mountain, where each are feared to go. geba knows this means they will join forces with the human godo... the human takes his new friends to the cave where he was born and where he has always lived. there, he tells... | [
"Kante feeds the baby chimp carefully in the lab",
"larger male chimps protect other chimps when there are dangers",
"the teenagers get some money after setting the baby chimp free",
"Pruetz and Kante take the baby chimp with them to search for the wild chimps."
] | B | null |
pubmedqa_135 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
response ( fbr ) in order to protect the host from the foreign material. the interactions between the device upon the host tissue / blood as well as the host tissue / blood upon the device must be understood in order to prevent complications and device failure. tissue injury caused by device implantation causes i... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
medmcqa_4372 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dental porcelain ( also known as dental ceramic ) is a dental material used by dental technicians to create biocompatible lifelike dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and veneers. evidence suggests they are an effective material as they are biocompatible, aesthetic, insoluble and have a hardness of 7 on... | [
"Which undergoes rapid expansion",
"In which, accelerators or retarders have been added according to need",
"In which, amount of water of hydration is controlled",
"In which, the crystals are all of uniform size"
] | B | A stone with a setting time established by the addition of proper quantities of both acceleratorΒ and retarder is called βbalanced stoneβ.Β
Typical accelerators are potassium sulfate and potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle Salts).
Typical retarders are sodium citrate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Borax).
Manappali... |
medmcqa_6603 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and unconscious processing in the somatosensory system diverse research methods including behavioral and neurocognitive testing, neuroimaging ( mri, eeg, meg, fnirs, eeg / fmri ), neurostimulation ( tdcs, tms, tacs, focused ultrasound ), brain computer interfaces, and virtual reality. arno villringer is the autho... | [
"Left conductive HL",
"Right conductive HL",
"Left sensorineural HL",
"Right sensorineural HL"
] | C | Tuning fork tests and their interpretation Test Normal Conductive deafness SN deafness Rinne AC>BC (Rinne +ve) BC>AC (Rinne -ve) AC>BC Weber Not lateralized Lateralized to poorer ear Lateralized to better ear. |
openbookqa_2385 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the bearings and compressor and potentially into the discharge line due to splashing. eventually the oil runs out and the bearings are left unlubricated, leading to failure, and the oil may contaminate the refrigerant, air or other working gas. applications gas compressors are used in various applications where e... | [
"use it to bathe in",
"eat it to die quickly",
"freeze it to make ice cubes",
"ignite it to warm their body"
] | D | |
pubmedqa_343 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
de quebec, quebec city, qc iwk health centre, halifax, ns women's health program, eastern health, st. john's, nl saint john regional hospital, saint john, nb hopital sainte - justine, montreal, qc st. boniface general hospital, winnipeg, mb windsor regional hospital, windsor, on dr. everett chalmers regional hosp... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | C | |
aquarat_26214 | aquarat | <ctx>
mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif... | [
"A)2/7",
"B)5/7",
"C)1/2",
"D)3/7"
] | C | P(1st b, 2nd c) = 15/25*10/24 = 150/600 = 1/4;
P(1st c, 2nd b ) = 10/25*15/24 = 150/600 = 1/4.
P = 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2.
Answer: C. |
mmlu_aux_2266 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
are adorned with various spines, teeth, scales and bristles, which act to prevent the butterfly from mating with an insect of another species. after it emerges from its pupal stage, a butterfly cannot fly until the wings are unfolded. a newly emerged butterfly needs to spend some time inflating its wings with hem... | [
"the change of color in locusts",
"the protective coloration of animals and pests",
"how a certain sea fish protects itself",
"animals or pests can dye themselves different colors"
] | B | null |
aquarat_35904 | aquarat | <ctx>
0. 01 kg. then you drop off 6. 052 - kg of potatoes at your laboratory as measured by a scale with precision 0. 001 kg. finally, you go home and add 13. 7 kg of potatoes as measured by a bathroom scale with precision 0. 1 kg. how many kilograms of potatoes do you now have, and how many significant figures are app... | [
"A) 80 kg",
"B) 83 kg",
"C) 70 kg",
"D) 75 kg"
] | B | Since the average has increased by 2.5 kg, the weight of the man who stepped in must be equal to 58+10x2.5
58+25=83 Kg
Ans: 'B' |
medmcqa_213 | medmcqa | <ctx>
. mycologia 44 : 582. 1952. shaffer rl, rogerson ct. " notes on the fleshy fungi of kansas ". trans kansas acad sci 55 : 282 β 286. 1952. walker ea, rogerson ct, jenkins ae. " additional collections of plantain scab and violet scab from several north central states ". plant dis rep 36 : 331 β 332. 1953. elmer om,... | [
"Yeasts with broad-based bud",
"Single-cell yeasts with pseudohyphae",
"Arthrospores",
"Oval budding yeasts inside macrophages"
] | D | Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that forms two types of spores: tuberculate macroconidia and microconidia. Inhalation of the microconidia transmits infection. Inhaled spores (microconidia) are engulfed by macrophages and develop into yeast forms. Most infections remain asymptomatic; small granulomatous foc... |
mmlu_aux_3934 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##ur dioxide into the atmosphere to counteract global warming, and warns this could create a catastrophic risk of a massive temperature spike if a future generation were unable to continue pumping. on nanotechnology, haggstrom discusses concerns about self - replicating nanobots, as well as the potential for emer... | [
"12 billion",
"6 billion",
"18 billion",
"24 billion"
] | A | null |
openbookqa_935 | openbookqa | <ctx>
observed wind speed data. different locations will have different wind speed distributions. the weibull model closely mirrors the actual distribution of hourly / ten - minute wind speeds at many locations. the weibull factor is often close to 2 and therefore a rayleigh distribution can be used as a less accurate,... | [
"a breeze is floating",
"a child is crying",
"a dog is barking",
"clouds are very thin"
] | A | |
aquarat_26704 | aquarat | <ctx>
a nearly flat rectangle bounded by vertices,,, and, and whose width and height are thereby and ( close enough to ), respectively. then the surface area of the wall is where the integral yields, so that the area of the wall is, and substituting yields. the base of the cylindrical ungula has the surface area of hal... | [
"A)1:3",
"B)3:1",
"C)2:3",
"D)3:2"
] | B | SOLUTION :
volume of cylinder : volume of cone
pr2h : 1/3 pr2h = 3 : 1
ANSWER IS B |
aquarat_651 | aquarat | <ctx>
this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33
a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : β’ x = 5 β’ 3 * x - 5 β’ 3 * ( x - 5 ) β’ x β’ type ( 1 ) β’ type ('1')
law, difference law, constant multiple law, and identity law, last, applying the quotient l... | [
"A)5(1/3)",
"B)6(1/3)",
"C)7(1/3)",
"D)3(3/4)"
] | D | Sol.
8x β 4 = 4x + 11
=> 8x β 4x = 11 + 4
=> 4x = 15 => x = 15/3 = 3(3/4).
Answer D |
aquarat_48289 | aquarat | <ctx>
, x being walls, s being the start, o being the finish and _ being open spaces, the numbers along the top and right edges are the column and row numbers : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x x x x x x x x x x x _ _ _ x x _ x _ x 1 x _ x _ _ x _ _ _ x 2 x s x x _ _ _ x _ x 3 x _ x _ _ x _ _ _ x 4 x _ _ _ x x _ x _ x 5 x _ x _ _ x _... | [
"A)37",
"B)38",
"C)27",
"D)29"
] | A | Explanation:
Number of boys in the class = (18 + 1 +18) = 37
Answer: A) 37 |
mmlu_aux_4434 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
- - - -, 1999. quantum philosophy. princeton univ. press. huw price, 1996. time's arrow and archimedes's point. oxford univ. press. lawrence sklar, 1992. philosophy of physics. westview press., victor stenger, 2000. timeless reality. prometheus books. carl friedrich von weizsacker, 1980. the unity of nature. farr... | [
"present a special way of seeing beauty",
"emphasize the influence of physics",
"discuss the awareness of cross-culture",
"argue the traditional ideas on value"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_7203 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
in electronics, an electronic switch is a switch controlled by an active electronic component or device. without using moving parts, they are called solid state switches, which distinguishes them from mechanical switches. electronic switches are considered binary devices because they dramatically change the condu... | [
"a button is pushed and a fan stops spinning",
"a fridge is running loudly",
"a freezer turns off in a power outage",
"a light is turned on"
] | A | null |
aquarat_28262 | aquarat | <ctx>
the age of 18 at the end of the year. united kingdom england and wales in england and wales, " year 13 " ( or " upper sixth " ) is the last year of a - level certifications which are completed to finalize a student's last academic year. students are usually 16 β 17 in year 12 and 17 β 18 in year 13. while the sch... | [
"A)1200",
"B)120",
"C)360",
"D)168"
] | D | Explanation :
Let the original no. of students be x.
According to situation, 46x + 120*32 = (x + 120)36 β x = 48
So, Required no. of students after joining the new students
= x + 120 = 168.
Answer : D |
aquarat_1563 | aquarat | <ctx>
that case, the reasoning in steps 6 and 7 was entirely correct if envelope a happened to contain any of the amounts 2, 4,... 512 : switching envelopes would give an expected ( average ) gain of 25 %. if envelope a happened to contain the amount 1, then the expected gain is actually 100 %. but if it happened to co... | [
"A)2%",
"B)25%",
"C)5.26%",
"D)29%"
] | C | 950 --- 50
100 --- ? => 5.26%
Answer:C |
aquarat_43126 | aquarat | <ctx>
error ( divisionbyzero ) end if d < 0 then ( q, r ) : = divide ( n, βd ) ; return ( βq, r ) end if n < 0 then ( q, r ) : = divide ( βn, d ) if r = 0 then return ( βq, 0 ) else return ( βq β 1, d β r ) end end - - at this point, n β₯ 0 and d > 0 return divide _ unsigned ( n, d ) end function divide _ unsigned ( n, ... | [
"A)1437",
"B)1250",
"C)1540",
"D)1600"
] | A | Let the smaller number be x. Then larger number = (x + 1365).
x + 1200 = 6x + 15
5x = 1185
x = 237
Large number = 237+1365 = 1437
A |
openbookqa_2927 | openbookqa | <ctx>
than conventional methods. soaker hoses help to reduce water use by up to 90 %. they connect to a garden hose and lay along the row of plants under a layer of mulch. a layer of organic material added to the soil helps to increase its absorption and water retention ; previously planted areas can be covered with co... | [
"fish",
"frogs",
"whales",
"chuckwallas"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_6927 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
18. 2 conductors and insulators learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define conductor and insulator, explain the difference, and give examples of each. β’ describe three methods for charging an object. β’ explain what happens to an electric force as you move farther from the sourc... | [
"Metal",
"Cement",
"Stone",
"Brick"
] | D | null |
aquarat_24043 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)19.09 km/hr",
"B)29.09 km/hr",
"C)39.09 km/hr",
"D)49.09 km/hr"
] | B | Explanation :
Let whole distance traveled be x
and average speed of the car be y
=> (x/4)/10+(x/4)/20+(x/4)/30+(x/4)/40=x/y
=> 1/10+1/20+1/30+x/40=4/y
=> (24+12+4+3)/240=4/y
=> 33/240=4/y
=> y=29.09
Answer : B |
mmlu_aux_1774 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
donald o. hebb, who argued that " mind " is simply a name for processes in the head that control complex behavior, and that it is both necessary and possible to infer those processes from behavior. animals came to be seen as " goal seeking agents that acquire, store, retrieve, and internally process information a... | [
"vegetables",
"leaves and grass",
"plants and fruit",
"rice"
] | C | null |
arc_challenge_96 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
3. 4 β’ other units for solution concentrations 149 key terms aqueous solution solution for which water is the solvent avogadro β s number ( na ) experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6. 022 1023 molβ1 concentrated qualitative term for a solution contain... | [
"1.0 x 10^3",
"1.0 x 10^4",
"1.0 x 10^-3",
"1.0 x 10^-4"
] | C | |
openbookqa_332 | openbookqa | <ctx>
desert dunes. barchan dunes are formed as winds continuously blow in the same direction, and are characterized by a crescent - shape atop the dune. seif dunes are long and narrow, featuring a sharp crest, and are more common in the sahara desert. analysis of geological features in desert environments can reveal a... | [
"frigid",
"parched",
"rainy",
"tropical"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_4211 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
5. 25 208 5 β’ further applications of newton's laws : friction, drag, and elasticity access for free at openstax. org if we compare animals living on land with those in water, you can see how drag has influenced evolution. fishes, dolphins, and even massive whales are streamlined in shape to reduce drag forces. b... | [
"stronger",
"weaker",
"thinner",
"fatter"
] | D | null |
arc_easy_1250 | arc_easy | <ctx>
population densities as the selection of traits fluctuate. the evolutionary change in one species can drive change to heritable traits and demography in the other species, which in turn can affect the first species. rotifer - algal chemostats has been used to observe rapid evolution altering predator - prey inter... | [
"mice that have the thickest fur",
"foxes that have the largest ears",
"gophers that dig the deepest holes",
"rabbits that can run the fastest"
] | D | |
openbookqa_642 | openbookqa | <ctx>
that was an arbitrary and physical choice, the counterfactual world in which the player, counterfactually, got the other envelope to the one he was actually ( factually ) given is a highly meaningful counterfactual world and hence the comparison between gains and losses in the two worlds is meaningful. this compa... | [
"the sun traveling around the earth",
"none of these",
"the sun orbiting Mars",
"the earth traveling around the sun"
] | D | |
aquarat_17506 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 = d. then Ξ³ an integer and Ξ³ = 1 Ξ³ β€ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat... | [
"A)21/89",
"B)89/27",
"C)27/89",
"D)1/14"
] | C | 1/[3 + (1/(3+1/(3 - 1/3)))]
=> 1/[3 + 1/(3 + 1/(8/3))]
=> 1/[3 + 1/(3 + 3/8)]
=> 1/[3 + 8/27]
=> 1/(89/27)
=> 27/89
C |
medmcqa_222 | medmcqa | <ctx>
657 cases of side effects, eight cases of intrauterine death and five cases of miscarriages were reported after vaccination by afssaps. rare potential adverse events are temporary bleeding disorders and guillain β barre syndrome ( gbs ), a serious condition involving the peripheral nervous system, from which most... | [
"Vaccine reaction",
"Injection reaction",
"Programme error",
"Coincidental"
] | B | The following are the adverse effect following immunisation: Vaccine reaction - Here the event is caused by the inherent propeies of the vaccine when given correctly. Programme error - In this case the event is as a result of error in preparation, handling or administration of the vaccine. Coincidental - The event afte... |
aquarat_6474 | aquarat | <ctx>
the poverty line based on per capita consumption expenditure per month or day. for rural areas, it was rs 816 per month or rs 27 per day. for urban areas, it was rs 1000 per month or rs 33 per day. using this methodology, the population below the poverty line in 2009 β 2010 was 354 million ( 29. 6 % of the popula... | [
"A)80000",
"B)60000",
"C)50000",
"D)76000"
] | D | Let savings in N.S.C and P.P.F. be Rs. x and Rs. (190000 - x) respectively. Then,
=1/3 x = 1/2 (190000 - x)
=x/3 + x/2 = 95000
=5x/6 = 95000
=x = 95000 x 6 /5 = 114000
Savings in Public Provident Fund = Rs. (190000 - 114000) = Rs. 76000
Answer is D |
qasc_1669 | qasc | <ctx>
ch2 ) 14co2h, stearic acid, ch3 ( ch2 ) 16co2h, and oleic acid, oleic acid is an unsaturated acid ; it contains a double bond. palmitic and stearic acids are saturated acids that contain no double or triple bonds. figure 20. 16 over 350 different volatile molecules ( many members of the ester family ) have been i... | [
"a fish",
"fats",
"Energy",
"mitosis"
] | B | |
openbookqa_2484 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##s also cannot be banded on their legs because they urinate onto their legs, causing corrosion of the bands into a powdery oxide that sticks to the vulture's leg and injures the bird. dippers are also dangerously handicapped by ringing because the rings induce drag that makes it extremely difficult for them to c... | [
"rocks",
"clouds",
"trees",
"calcium life pods"
] | D | |
aquarat_14124 | aquarat | <ctx>
that case, the reasoning in steps 6 and 7 was entirely correct if envelope a happened to contain any of the amounts 2, 4,... 512 : switching envelopes would give an expected ( average ) gain of 25 %. if envelope a happened to contain the amount 1, then the expected gain is actually 100 %. but if it happened to co... | [
"A)5",
"B)9",
"C)16",
"D)12"
] | B | Let the money Roshan has be x then (45/x)=5/4
Upon cross multiplication and solving for x we get x=36
So Raj has Rs. 9 more than Roshan
Answer:B |
medmcqa_2860 | medmcqa | <ctx>
matrix at the gum line, called dental plaque. other contributors are poor nutrition and underlying medical issues such as diabetes. diabetics must be meticulous with their homecare to control periodontal disease. new finger prick tests have been approved by the food and drug administration in the us, and are bein... | [
"Erysipelas",
"Eczema",
"Scarlet fever",
"Mucor mycosis"
] | D | Mucor is an opportunistic mold that causes mucormycosis. At least 50% of reported cases are associated with uncontrolled diabetes, and many of the remaining patients are immuno- suppressed. It appears as black crusting in the nose and sinuses and spreads rapidly to involve the cerebrum. Biopsy reveals nonseptate hyphae... |
aquarat_36625 | aquarat | <ctx>
at the end of each semester. history see : education in czechoslovakia and list of colleges and universities in slovakia system primary education primary schools are usually preceded by kindergartens where children can spend up to 4 years, which in turn can be preceded by day nurseries. generally, children start ... | [
"A)40",
"B)41",
"C)52",
"D)62"
] | C | Total age of all students =25Γβ26
Total age of all students + Age of the teacher =26Γβ27
Age of the teacher
=27Γβ26Γ’Λβ25Γβ26=26(27Γ’Λβ25)=26Γβ2=52
Answer is C. |
medmcqa_1067 | medmcqa | <ctx>
implicated in the development of diabetic foot ulcers are infection, older age, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, cigarette smoking, poor glycemic control, previous foot ulcerations or amputations, and ischemia of small and large blood vessels. prior history of foot disease, foot deformities that ... | [
"Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy",
"Mononeuritis",
"Autonomic neuropathy",
"All of the above"
] | D | Diabetic neuropathy causes substantial morbidity and increases moality. It is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and signs, after the exclusion of other causes of neuropathy . Depending on the criteria used for diagnosis, it affects between 50% and 90% of patients with diabetes, and of these, 15-30% will have painful d... |
arc_challenge_1101 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
dark environment. the mutation is not yet known why it occurs this way, but studies have mentioned that the females of this fly species may be turned off by the certain colour of the mutated fly, and therefore in the dark the female is less likely to tell what colour this fly is. a beneficial component of a mutat... | [
"is located in the cells of the nervous system.",
"alters DNA in a gamete of the parent.",
"alters the behavior of the organisms.",
"is located near the locus of a chromosome."
] | B | |
medmcqa_8414 | medmcqa | <ctx>
) or due to a transient shortage of vesicles readily available for release. atp release ( hence noradrenaline release, if there is strict corelease ) is highly intermittent at these junctions ( brain et al. 2002 ), with a probability that a given action potential will evoke the release from a given varicosity of ... | [
"Lesser petorsal nerve",
"Chorda tympani",
"Greater petorsal nerve",
"Lingual nerve"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Greater petrosal nerve o Secretomotor (parasympathetic) fibers to lacrimal gland travel through greater petrosal nerve.GangliaSensory rootSympathetic rootSecretomotor rootMotor rootDistributionCiliaryFrom nasociliary nervePlexus along ophthalmic artery-Edinger-Westphal nucleus - oculomotor nerve - ner... |
aquarat_9041 | aquarat | <ctx>
β south streets ( which actually run northeast β southwest, roughly parallel to the island's long axis ) are named " _ _ _ th avenue ". the highest - numbered street on manhattan island is 220th street, and the highest - numbered street in the borough of manhattan is 228th street. the manhattan numbered street gr... | [
"A)15th",
"B)16th",
"C)17th",
"D)18th"
] | C | 4.5 km / 250 m = 18.
However, the street at the 4.5-km mark is not 18th Street; it is Turner Street.
Therefore, the highest numbered street is 17th Street.
The answer is C. |
medmcqa_1915 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##ecz, & daniel berkowitz. 1965. " survival of clostridium botulinum spores ", applied microbiology 13, 397 β 401. nicholas grecz, otto peter snyder, a. a. walker, & abe anellis. 1965. " effect of temperature of liquid nitrogen on radiation resistance of spores of clostridium botulinum ", applied microbiology 13,... | [
"It is the commonest cause of gas gangrene",
"It is normally present in human faeces",
"The principal toxin of C. perfringens is the alpha toxin",
"Gas gangrene producing strains of C. perfringens produce heat resistant spores"
] | D | Spores of clostridium perfringens are killed within 5 minutes by boiling, it is also killed by autoclaving at 121 degree Celsius for 15 minutes. But spores of clostridium perfringens which produce food poisoning are heat resistant. Clostridium perfringens produces multiple exotoxins and is classified into five types (A... |
mmlu_aux_3226 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
derived ethanol and has been adding new biomass and wind power plants. many renewable markets are growing at rapid rates in countries such as argentina, costa rica, egypt, indonesia, kenya, tanzania, thailand, tunisia, and uruguay. in isolated rural areas, electricity grid extensions are often not economical. off... | [
"It is a common but expensive component of solar panels.",
"It can create electric energy.",
"It can produce energy plenty to charge a mobile phone.",
"It is cheap and easy to replace."
] | D | null |
openbookqa_647 | openbookqa | <ctx>
other words, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. in fact, reflection of light may occur whenever light travels from a medium of a given refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index. in the most general case, a certain fraction of the light is reflected from the interface, an... | [
"difficult",
"loud",
"easy",
"long"
] | A | |
arc_easy_737 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the repetition of an experimental condition so that the variability associated with the phenomenon can be estimated. astm, in standard e1847, defines replication as "... the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations to be compared in an experim... | [
"to use up all the materials",
"to give all the students the chance to participate",
"to collect more data to fit the hypothesis",
"to determine if the results are similar"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_2630 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
: " the public in the united states and throughout much of the world has become keenly aware of the limitations of continued reliance on petroleum - based fuels. concerns over diminishing supplies, growing demand, price instabilities, environmental impacts, international competition for limited resources, energy ... | [
"5%",
"10%",
"15%",
"20%"
] | B | null |
mmlu_aux_2642 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light and other electromagnetic waves, has enough energy to escape it. the theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. the boundary of no escape is called ... | [
"the star is going to die",
"special tools are used on it",
"other stars come close to it",
"it is seen from the space telescopes"
] | A | null |
aquarat_46030 | aquarat | <ctx>
countries, fertility rates have declined, due to better education, better available birth control, better pension provision reducing economic dependence on one's children in old age, and in response to lower infant mortality. those who wait until they are older before starting a family may find it more difficult ... | [
"A)33",
"B)18",
"C)21",
"D)12"
] | A | Present age of total members = 6 X 40 = 240
7 yrs back their ages were = 6 x 7 = 42
Ages at the birth of youngest member = 240 - 42 = 198
Therefore, avg age at the birth of youngest member = 198/6 = 33.
ANSWER:A |
openbookqa_2639 | openbookqa | <ctx>
classrooms, conference rooms, retail spaces, museums, studios, and more, have the primary need to quickly and easily accommodate changes of technology and floor plan configurations. underfloor air distribution is not included in this approach since a plenum chamber is not created. the low - profile fixed - height... | [
"dancing clown guys",
"bouncing sound waves",
"problematic triggered dingoes",
"egg cartons"
] | B | |
medmcqa_8152 | medmcqa | <ctx>
nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect in cells by interfering with the polymerization of microtubules. microtubules are one type of fibre which constitutes the cytoskeleton, and the dynamic microtubule network has several important roles in the cell, including vesicular transport, forming ... | [
"Allosteric inhibition",
"Competitive inhibition",
"Irreversible inhibition",
"Noncovalent inhibition"
] | C | Since rapidly multiplying cancer cells are dependent upon the synthesis of deoxythymidilate (dTMP) from deoxyuridylate (dUMP), a prime target in cancer therapy has been inhibition of dTMP synthesis. The anticancer drug fluorouracil is conveed in vivo to fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which is an analogue of dUMP. FdUMP ... |
qasc_4319 | qasc | <ctx>
##ion. some heat is carried up from the bottom of the mantle by mantle plumes. the heat flow at the earth's surface is about, and it is a potential source of geothermal energy. vibrations seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the earth's interior or along its surface. the entire earth can also oscillat... | [
"heat",
"stress",
"cracks",
"volcanoes"
] | B | |
aquarat_45404 | aquarat | <ctx>
you can thank god for your good fortune today. " " but i already have a wife at home and she's quite enough of a handful ", said the peasant, " and i do not want another. " insulted, the king angrily said to the peasant, " you are a lout! " to which the peasant replied " what else can you expect from an ox, your ... | [
"A)1000",
"B)1055",
"C)1428",
"D)1500"
] | C | Cost of 11 kg grapes = 98 Γ 11 = 1078.
Cost of 7 kg of mangoes = 50 Γ 7 = 350.
Total cost he has to pay = 1078 + 350= 1428
C |
medmcqa_8908 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##emorrhage is associated with cerebral palsy, problems with cognition, and hydrocephalus. with improved technological advances in science and medicine, survival for preterm infants with this type of neurological disorder has improved and less preterm infants with germinal matrix haemorrhage have severe cerebral ... | [
"Twin - Twin transfusion syndrome",
"Fetal microsomia in gestational diabetes",
"Fetal and placental growth restriction",
"Transfusion at delivery"
] | B | Fetal macrosomia in gestational diabetes is associated with neonatal polycythemia. |
aquarat_17707 | aquarat | <ctx>
throws possible, this strategy must maximise the chance of scoring. the probability of scoring is where n is the number of dice thrown ; in this case 21. this gives the chance of scoring as approximately 95. 7 %, the maximum possible. the formula can also be used to calculate the probability of having a 1 and a 4... | [
"A)1/7",
"B)2/3",
"C)1/9",
"D)2/7"
] | C | n(S) = 6*6 = 36
E = event of getting a total of 5 = {(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1)}
probability = 4/36 = 1/9
Answer is C |
medmcqa_9610 | medmcqa | <ctx>
membrane that run from the cell surface to the cell's interior which help to improve the efficiency of contraction. the majority of these cells contain only one nucleus ( some may have two central nuclei ), unlike skeletal muscle cells which contain many nuclei. cardiac muscle cells contain many mitochondria whic... | [
"Esophagus",
"IVC",
"Thoracic duct",
"Phrenic nerve"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Thoracic duct |
qasc_5798 | qasc | <ctx>
waterways in general is known as surface hydrology. lakes a lake ( from latin lacus ) is a terrain feature, a body of water that is localized to the bottom of basin. a body of water is considered a lake when it is inland, is not part of an ocean, and is larger and deeper than a pond. natural lakes on earth are ge... | [
"reservoirs",
"kalenchoes",
"mouth of rivers",
"storing water"
] | A | |
medmcqa_1009 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin, a substance that forms the majority of teeth. dentinogenesis is performed by odontoblasts, which are a special type of biological cell on the outer wall of dental pulps, and it begins at the late bell stage of a tooth development. the different stages of dentin formation... | [
"Take less time",
"Take more time",
"Same time",
"Is complete when tooth erupts in oral cavity"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_967 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
happens in an egg when it is fertilized by a sperm. changes in the dielectric properties of plasma membrane may act as hallmark of underlying conditions such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. in neuronal cells, an action potential begins with a rush of sodium ions into the cell through sodium channels, resulting in d... | [
"remain rigid.",
"absorb sunlight.",
"release oxygen.",
"reproduce again."
] | A | |
medmcqa_7888 | medmcqa | <ctx>
adult development encompasses the changes that occur in biological and psychological domains of human life from the end of adolescence until the end of one's life. changes occur at the cellular level and are partially explained by biological theories of adult development and aging. biological changes influence ps... | [
"Hemosiderin",
"Melanin",
"Lipofuscin",
"Bilirubin"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lipofuscin o It is an insoluble pigment, also known as lipochrome and wear or tear or aging pigment. Lipofuscin is not injurious to the cell or its functions.Lipofuscino It is an insoluble pigment, also known as I and wear or tear or aging pigment. Lipofuscin is not injurious to the cell or its functi... |
qasc_5242 | qasc | <ctx>
the percent reflected light emerging from the water column in a range of 0 to 8 percent. the reflectance percentage can be correlated to attenuation, secchi disk depth or total suspended solids although the exact relationship will vary regionally and depends on the optical properties of the water. for example, in... | [
"they do nothing",
"fissures of hot, acidic water",
"they make it increase",
"they make it decrease"
] | C | |
medmcqa_76 | medmcqa | <ctx>
breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo... | [
"Epidemic dropsy",
"Marfan's syndrome",
"Hypertension",
"Diabetes"
] | A | "In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory". _Β Mukherjee |
mmlu_aux_1761 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##fflers are compared to house servants, and bunnydogs to pizza delivery men. bunnydogs perform basic maintenance tasks on the tribal level, while on a family unit level, snufflers clean up dwellings by eating up any waste. enterprise fish : these are the largest chtorran creatures known. these creatures go throu... | [
"They require group cooperation.",
"They are almost useless.",
"They are similar to those of most sea creatures.",
"They are very sensitive to the surroundings."
] | D | null |
arc_challenge_714 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
: earthenware, utensils made of clay ; silverware, utensils ( both kitchen and dining ) made of silver ; glassware, utensils ( both kitchen and dining ) made of glass ; and so forth. these latter categorizations include utensils β made of glass, silver, clay, and so forth β that are not necessarily kitchen utensi... | [
"Ceramic",
"Wood",
"Glass",
"Iron"
] | B | |
pubmedqa_227 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
for vascular disease : a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. p frosst, hj blom, r milos, p goyette, christal a sheppard, rg matthews, gjh boers, m den heijer, laj kluijtmans, lp van den heuve, and rima rozen. nature genetics. 1995. relation between folate status, a common mutation in methylene... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B |
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