id
string
dataset
string
question
string
options
list
answer
string
explanation
string
aquarat_47106
aquarat
<ctx> which means every student with a number ending in 4 ( 14, 24, 34, etc. ) will be included in the sample. this way, the researcher will have a representative sample of 100 students from the high school, which is 10 % of the population. the sample will consist of students from different grades, genders, and backgro...
[ "A)36", "B)39", "C)42", "D)45" ]
C
50% of students are in the band only, so 30% of students are in the orchestra only. Since 20% of students are in both, then 70% of students are in the band which is 98 students. The number of students in the orchestra is (30/70)*98 = 42. The answer is C.
medmcqa_9336
medmcqa
<ctx> low - lying vancouver and chandigarh, but to a lesser degree than the smaller cities and towns within the mountains. the smaller cities, typically in mountain valleys, are more closely linked to the mountain culture, although they have often diversified into tourism and recreation services, mineral processing, ma...
[ "1000", "2000", "3000", "5000" ]
C
Remember the following facts ​A sub centre caters a population of - 5000 in general, 3000 in hilly, tribal & backward areas A PHC caters a population of* - 30,000 in general, 20,000 in hilly, tribal & backward area. A Community health centre caters a population of - 80,000 to 1.2 lakh. A health assistant (male & femal...
medmcqa_627
medmcqa
<ctx> the motion of the cartridge case as it is pushed to the rear by expanding gases created by the ignition of the powder charge. blow - forward : a system of operation that pushes the weapon's bolt forwards to eject the bullet and cycle the action. bluing or blueing : a passivation process in which steel is partiall...
[ "Rifling", "Incendiary", "Cocking", "None of the above" ]
A
Ans. (A). RiflingShotgunRifled gunCHOKING:* The terminal few cms (7-10) is constricted in shot guns.* Reduces the pelletsdispersionQ* Increases the explosive forces of the pellets.* Increases the velocity of the pellets.RIFLING:* Interior of bore has spiral grooves which run parallel to each other, but twisted spirally...
medmcqa_6384
medmcqa
<ctx> 12. 7 • catalysis 637 how sciences interconnect glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enzymes in the human body act as catalysts for important chemical reactions in cellular metabolism. as such, a deficiency of a particular enzyme can translate to a life - threatening disease. g6pd ( glucose - 6 - phos...
[ "Enolase", "Homogentisate oxidase", "Pyruvate carboxylase", "None of the above" ]
B
Alkaptonuria was first recognized and described in the 16th century. Characterized in 1859, it provided the basis for Garrod's classic ideas concerning heritable metabolic disorders. The defect is lack of homogentisate oxidase. The urine darkens on exposure to air due to oxidation of excreted homogentisate. Late in the...
aquarat_11199
aquarat
<ctx> but instead of taking the shot, isaac runs after the fyce and dives to save him from the bear. isaac looks up at old ben looming over him and remembers the image from his dreams about the bear. at last they find a dog capable of bringing old ben to bay : lion, a huge, wild airedale terrier mix with extraordinary ...
[ "A)1 minutes", "B)13 minute", "C)100 minutes", "D)10000 minutes" ]
B
we can try the logic of time and work,our work is to kill the deers so 13(lions)*13(min)/13(deers)=100(lions)*x(min)/100(deers)hence answer is x=13 ANSWER:B
pubmedqa_403
pubmedqa
<ctx> ##try ( o. d ) program. they passed out in 2007. in 2002, the university of cape coast also rolled out its doctor of optometry program. five students enrolled for the program and graduated with the 2008 batch of o. ds from knust. today, there are about two hundred optometrists in ghana working hand - in - hand wi...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
aquarat_13967
aquarat
<ctx> this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33 a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : • x = 5 • 3 * x - 5 • 3 * ( x - 5 ) • x • type ( 1 ) • type ('1') this sum by the number of data values, which is 10. the result is : even if both x and y a...
[ "A)9", "B)11", "C)13", "D)12" ]
D
(2 to the power x) - (2 to the power (x-2)) = 3 (2 to the power 10) 2^x - 2^(x-2) = 3. 2^10 Hence x = 12. Answer is D
arc_challenge_458
arc_challenge
<ctx> 18. 9 occurrence, preparation, and compounds of oxygen 79. predict the product of burning francium in air. 80. using equations, describe the reaction of water with potassium and with potassium oxide. 81. write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions : ( a ) zinc metal heated in a stream of oxygen ...
[ "metal", "mixture", "solution", "compound" ]
D
qasc_3899
qasc
<ctx> ##ius ) scrub python ( simalia amethistina ) savu python ( liasis mackloti savuensis ) west african burrowing python ( calabaria reinhardtii ) pine snake ( pituophis melanoleucus ) plains garter snake ( thamnophis radix ) western cottonmouth ( agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma ) black rat snake ( pantherophis obs...
[ "bats", "bears", "crab", "Frog" ]
D
mmlu_aux_4799
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> by both military and civilian agencies ), communication, navigation, and weather monitoring. space stations, space telescopes and spacecraft in orbit around the earth are also regarded as satellites. communications satellites communications satellites are used for a variety of purposes including television, telep...
[ "anything interesting", "what other people are doing", "foreign programs", "colour films" ]
C
null
aquarat_43602
aquarat
<ctx> , the coin flipper is left with the only two remaining outcomes having equivalent probability. this procedure only works if the tosses are paired properly ; if part of a pair is reused in another pair, the fairness may be ruined. also, the coin must not be so biased that one side has a probability of zero. this m...
[ "A)1/16", "B)1/128", "C)1/8", "D)1/4" ]
B
TTTTTTTT case --> P = (1/2)^8 = 1/256 HHHHHHHH case --> P = (1/2)^8 = 1/256 P(TTTTTTTT or HHHHHHHH) = 1/8 + 1/8 = 1/128 Answer: B
medmcqa_614
medmcqa
<ctx> meld - plus is a risk score to assess severity of chronic liver disease that was resulted from a collaboration between massachusetts general hospital and ibm. the score includes nine variables as effective predictors for 90 - day mortality after a discharge from a cirrhosis - related admission. the variables incl...
[ "High WBC count", "Male sex", "Age < 2 years", "Hyperdiploidy" ]
D
Answer is D (Hyperdiploidy): Hyperdiploidy is associated with a good prognosis Hyperdiploidy is associated with a good prognosis Patients with hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes) or DNA index > 0.16 have a ourable prognosis - Age < 2 years has a poor prognosis Patients who are very young (< 2 years) and older patients (> 1...
mmlu_aux_3508
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##feathers " in a tyrannosauroid. similarly to down feathers of modern birds, the " protofeathers " found in dilong were branched but not pennaceous, and may have been used for insulation. the discovery and description of the feathered tyrannosauroid yutyrannus in 2012 indicates the possibility large tyrannosauri...
[ "Dinosaurs used to have red necks and thick feathers.", "Most dinosaurs are much smaller than we previously thought.", "The chicken has been proven to be the closest living relative to the dinosaur.", "Fossils are still our main source of knowledge about dinosaurs." ]
D
null
qasc_5188
qasc
<ctx> other organisms. domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas — including the most developed ...
[ "protect them", "Provide food", "interact", "reproduce" ]
B
openbookqa_768
openbookqa
<ctx> published photos of several bones with holes in them which had more or less circular holes similar to those found in the artifact, but they did not have a single bone coming even close to the linear alignment of turk's holes. ignoring the probability of the alignment of the holes, d'errico's interpretation was th...
[ "dead leaves fell down", "a mouse ran away", "a duck started quacking", "a dog was barking" ]
A
pubmedqa_410
pubmedqa
<ctx> of circular and elliptical modeling in 80 asymptomatic patients research regarding primary non surgical treatment : review of surgical outcomes regarding biomechanics, biomechanical effects on neurologic function. treatment : non - surgical surgical biological engineering biomechanics robotica 2017. m. mellado, ...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
medmcqa_6449
medmcqa
<ctx> as recessive. other examples may include noble families, which are inbred due to custom rather than local genetic variety. hemolytic disease of the newborn in theory, the maternal production of anti - h during pregnancy might cause hemolytic disease in a fetus who did not inherit the mother's bombay phenotype. in...
[ "SLE", "α- Methyladopa ingestion", "Quinidine", "Infectious mononucleosis" ]
D
mmlu_aux_2818
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv...
[ "It's the clouds", "It's space", "It's air", "It's nothing" ]
B
null
qasc_1974
qasc
<ctx> chapter 10 liquids and solids 475 introduction 475 10. 1 intermolecular forces 476 10. 2 properties of liquids 487 10. 3 phase transitions 493 10. 4 phase diagrams 503 10. 5 the solid state of matter 510 10. 6 lattice structures in crystalline solids 516 key terms 534 key equations 535 summary 535 exercises 536 c...
[ "salts", "seasons", "solutes", "size" ]
A
qasc_6009
qasc
<ctx> their orbits to their present values as a result of gravitational interactions with migrated planetesimals. the total mass of planetesimals ejected into hyperbolic orbits was several times higher than the mass of planetesimals that collided with forming giant planets the inner layers of every terrestrial planet c...
[ "other planets", "magnets", "wind", "gravitational pull" ]
D
aquarat_4537
aquarat
<ctx> items remaining to be collected out of a total of equally - likely items, the probability of collecting a new item in a single random choice is and the expected number of random choices needed until a new item is collected summing over all values of from shows that the total expected number of random choices need...
[ "A)less than -100,000", "B)-2500", "C)0", "D)2500" ]
C
One of the terms is (50-50) so the product is 0. The answer is C.
qasc_6858
qasc
<ctx> pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds, and bats ; water ; wind ; and even plants themselves, when self - pollin...
[ "plants", "barnacles", "whales", "sponges" ]
D
pubmedqa_133
pubmedqa
<ctx> rates of cardiovascular disease and other health risks in british civil servants and found that, even when lifestyle factors were controlled for, members of lower status in the institution showed increased mortality and morbidity on a sliding downward scale from their higher status counterparts. the negative aspe...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
medmcqa_6665
medmcqa
<ctx> fission yeast and cdc28 in budding yeast ) is activated by cdc25, a protein phosphatase. as mitosis starts, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, chromosomes condense and become visible, and the cell prepares for division. cyclin b - cdk1 activation results in nuclear envelope breakdown, which is a characteristic o...
[ "G0", "G1", "G2", "M" ]
A
Ans; A (G0) "The cell cycle consists of G, (presynthetic), S (DMA synthesis), G, (premitotic), and SI (mitotic) phases.Quiescent cells are in a physiologic state called Ga. Tissues may be composed primarily of quiescent ceils in Gv but most mature tissues contain some combination of continuously dividing cells, termina...
openbookqa_392
openbookqa
<ctx> - for example, the udmurt lul, the komi lol, the mansi lal ('life'), the khanty lil'' and the hungarian. occasionally one uses a bunch of leafy, fragrant silver birch called a ( in eastern finland ) to gently beat oneself. this supposedly has a relaxing effect on the muscles and also helps to soothe the irritatio...
[ "rub your palms together", "wear short sleeve shirts", "go without any socks", "stand still in one place" ]
A
aquarat_8388
aquarat
<ctx> a right - shift, and so it is cheap. in order to calculate the best value for given consider : for to be an integer, we need to round somehow. rounding to the nearest integer will give the best approximation but can result in being larger than, which can cause underflows. thus is used for unsigned arithmetic. thu...
[ "A)30/25", "B)28/25", "C)28/29", "D)46/75" ]
D
Explanation: We can do it easily by in two steps Step1: We get the HCF of 368 and 600 which is 8 Step2: Divide both by 8, we will get the answer 46/75 Answer: Option D
qasc_3203
qasc
<ctx> large areas is with a helicopter, using a gps to record the location of the helicopter and a laser scanner to measure the ground. to increase precision, surveyors place beacons on the ground ( about apart ). this method reaches precisions between 5 – 40 cm ( depending on flight height ). surveyors use ancillary e...
[ "scale", "by indirect light", "tape measure", "microscope" ]
C
medmcqa_7959
medmcqa
<ctx> the ureters have been resited as a result of surgery, for example due to a kidney transplant or due to past surgery for vesicoureteric reflux, that site may also become narrowed. a narrowed ureter may lead to ureteric enlargement ( ) and cause swelling of the kidneys ( hydronephrosis ). associated symptoms may in...
[ "Just follow up", "Intravesical chemotherapy", "Intravesical BCG", "Cystectomy" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intravesical BCG Management of bladder cancer Cystoscopy and transurethral resection or biopsy - initially, any pt. with hematuria is examined by cystoscopy and any tumor seen is removed by transurethral resection (if possible) or biopsied. Fuher treatment decisions are made after tumor staging on his...
mmlu_aux_4099
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> and entertainment. during training humans communicate their wishes with positive or negative reinforcement. after training is finished the human communicates by giving signals with words, whistles, gestures, body language, etc. apopo has trained southern giant pouched rats to communicate to humans the presence of...
[ "the development of body language.", "the special role humans play in nature", "the power to convey information to others", "the difference between humans and animals in language use" ]
C
null
aquarat_13994
aquarat
<ctx> is true for in particular, if, then if is in canonical form, the canonical form of the result is if or is even. otherwise, the canonical form of the result is continued fraction representation a finite continued fraction is an expression such as where are integers. every rational number can be represented as a fi...
[ "A)8:20:35", "B)6:20:35", "C)8:20:33", "D)8:22:35" ]
A
Solution: C/D = 2/5; D/F = 4/7; C:D:F = 2*4:5*4:5*7 = 8:20:35. Answer: Option A
mmlu_aux_4940
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> 5. 11 202 5 • further applications of newton's laws : friction, drag, and elasticity access for free at openstax. org we have discussed that when an object rests on a horizontal surface, there is a normal force supporting it equal in magnitude to its weight. furthermore, simple friction is always proportional to ...
[ "a science report", "a car advertisement", "a rubbing introduction", "a chemistry programme" ]
A
null
medmcqa_489
medmcqa
<ctx> some of the other kids enter dancing like " cool cats " ( " where did the night go? - be - bop version " ). muscles take the guests off to play basketball, and teddy enters, finding herman. it appears that even though nothing happened between teddy and pinky, pinky is out accepting congratulations for his conques...
[ "Activation of protein kinase", "Activation of adenylate cyclase", "Ca2+ release.", "All" ]
A
A i.e., Activation of protein kinase
openbookqa_1120
openbookqa
<ctx> cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. it commonly occurs in flocks of domestic hens reared for egg production, although it can also occur in domestic turkeys, pheasants and other poultry species. poultry cr...
[ "four legs", "fur", "teeth", "wings" ]
D
medmcqa_952
medmcqa
<ctx> probability of double - hit mutant generation corresponds to purely symmetric division of scs with a large proliferation rate of border stem cells along with a small, but non - zero, proliferation rate of central stem cells. stem cell niches harboring continuously dividing cells, such as those located at the base...
[ "Primary spermatocyte", "Secondary spermatocyte", "Spermatid", "Spermatogonia" ]
D
Maturation of germ cells (spermatogenesis) within the seminiferous tubules occurs in a concentric pattern with the less mature spermatogonia near the basal lamina and the mature forms near the tubule center. Spermatogonia are 2N cells and mature into larger primary spermatocytes (4N) . These mature into secondary sperm...
arc_challenge_6
arc_challenge
<ctx> mutations and selection. advantages multicellularity allows an organism to exceed the size limits normally imposed by diffusion : single cells with increased size have a decreased surface - to - volume ratio and have difficulty absorbing sufficient nutrients and transporting them throughout the cell. multicellula...
[ "Tissues in a single-celled organism are like the cells in a multi-celled organism.", "The nucleus in a single-celled organism is like the skin of a multi-celled organism.", "Organelles in a single-celled organism are like the organs in a multi-celled organism.", "The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism is ...
C
qasc_8083
qasc
<ctx> detection objective is ~ 1. 1 microns deep, the majority of illuminated molecules are in the focal plane. depth into sample imaging beyond 20 - 100 microns in depth is theorized to be possible through combining lattice light - sheet technology with adaptive optics. applications lattice light sheet microscopy is u...
[ "prolactin release", "kaleidoscope", "electron microscope", "deoxyribonucleic acid" ]
C
aquarat_5925
aquarat
<ctx> the possible numbers of successes, given in the final column of this table, are derived as follows. for 0 successes, there is clearly only one set of four choices ( namely, choosing all four incorrect cups ) giving this result. for one success and three failures, there are four correct cups of which one is select...
[ "A)275", "B)300", "C)225", "D)325" ]
C
Explanation : Let y students take all four items. Now, y is maximised when all students take either two or exactly four items each (i.e. no student take either three items). Total number of instances = 375 x 4 = 1500, of which 525 x 2 i.e. 1050 are accounted for by all students taking two items each. Now let y studetns...
mmlu_aux_5325
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv...
[ "the sun rises and falls every day", "the sky has lots of colors", "the air scatters the sunlight", "the sunlight has many colors" ]
C
null
openbookqa_136
openbookqa
<ctx> snakes of virginia. univ. of virginia press, charlottesville, va. unlike with reptiles, there is little evidence that cooper's hawk regularly hunts amphibians in any area, despite a few species being known in the prey spectrum. while some authors have posited that as much as 2. 1 % of cooper's hawks'global prey c...
[ "Popcorn", "Grass", "Apple", "A bison" ]
D
medmcqa_3436
medmcqa
<ctx> tailor catheters for cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular, and ophthalmic applications. celiac disease – another way of spelling coeliac disease cell biology – also called cytology, is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the basic unit of life. ...
[ "Obliquus capitis superior muscle", "Obliquus capitis inferior muscle", "Rectus capitis posterior major muscle", "Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle" ]
D
The suboccipital triangle is bounded by rectus capitis posterior major and the obliquus capitis superior and inferior muscles. The floor of this triangle is formed by the posterior occipitoatlantal membrane and the posterior arch of the C1 veebrae.Contents of the triangle are:Veebral aerySuboccipital nerveGreater occip...
qasc_656
qasc
<ctx> pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds, and bats ; water ; wind ; and even plants themselves, when self - pollin...
[ "bees", "fruits", "vegetation", "flowers" ]
D
openbookqa_1784
openbookqa
<ctx> needs to be applied to reach the next position and at what rate. control also triggers various audio, receives location information from communications and adjusts power with silicon control relays and silicon control rectifiers to operate motors and switches, the most important switch being " stop ". safety stop...
[ "accelerated", "halted", "off-balance.", "wind-blown" ]
B
aquarat_32507
aquarat
<ctx> the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ...
[ "A)45", "B)48", "C)51", "D)54" ]
A
(4.4 miles / 8 minutes)*60 minutes/hour = 33 mph Let x be the original speed. x - 4(3) = 33 x = 45 mph The answer is A.
pubmedqa_583
pubmedqa
<ctx> 1996 by the cdc. in these guidelines, the use of one of two prevention methods was recommended : either a risk - based approach or a culture - based screening approach. the cdc issued updated guidelines in 2002 ; these guidelines recommended the universal culture - based screening of all pregnant women at 35 – 37...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
pubmedqa_442
pubmedqa
<ctx> will increase the capacity to elderly and frail persons to age in place in their own home, rather than moving into nursing homes — which clearly has financial as well as social consequences for elders and their family. since relatively few financial professionals are aware of this aging network and the various so...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
B
pubmedqa_878
pubmedqa
<ctx> make much difference in boosting workers'morale and the output of the factory. in 1971, bing published an article on the website - jama network named'vitamin c and the common cold '. this article argued that professor linus pauling's suggestion that ascorbic acid could be an effective treatment for the common col...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
mmlu_aux_7037
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder end of an object. the ability of the object to conduct heat is known as its thermal conductivity, and is denoted. heat spontaneously flows along a temperature gradient ( i. e. from a hotter body to a colder body ). for exampl...
[ "room temperature water sitting on a counter", "a dog's paws touching summer scorched pavement", "cake pans stacked in an oven", "ice touching ice in a freezer" ]
B
null
medmcqa_7199
medmcqa
<ctx> . the cells of the spongy layer are more branched and not so tightly packed, so that there are large intercellular air spaces between them. the pores or stomata of the epidermis open into substomatal chambers, which are connected to the intercellular air spaces between the spongy and palisade mesophyll cell, so t...
[ "Tuberous sclerosis", "Neurofibromatosis", "Lymphangioma", "None" ]
A
A i.e. Tuberous sclerosis
aquarat_46288
aquarat
<ctx> raghav overcomes his fear of heights and tries paragliding. kiran apologizes to her mother and convinces her to let her stay at the camp. finally mona and john resolve their misunderstandings and get back together. everyone returns home after having much fun at the camp. episode 67 : yadav sir is made the acting ...
[ "A)1 km", "B)5 km", "C)7 km", "D)12 km" ]
B
Explanation: The walked will be of in triangular shape and from starting point is 5km ANSWER IS B
medmcqa_1264
medmcqa
<ctx> in areas where the virus is endemic, vaccines are limited, especially in rural areas where medical clinics are sparse. although hbv can be infectious on surfaces for up to seven days, it is not spread through breastfeeding, sharing eating utensils, hugging, kissing, holding hands, coughing, or sneezing. unlike ot...
[ "Measles", "EBV", "Rhinovirus", "Reovirus" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rhinovirus Impoant viruses causing hepatitis:? 1) Hepatotropic viruses : HAV, HBV, HCV, HD V, HEV. 2) Herpes viruses : CMV, EBV, HSV-1, VZV. 3) Flaviviruses : Yellow fever, dengue fever. 4) Filoviruses : Marburg virus, Ebola virus. 5) Occasinal causes Measles virus, adenovirus, Echoviruses, Coxsackiev...
mmlu_aux_2284
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> , but cases like these are empirically observed and recorded but not entirely confirmed unlike the cases mentioned above. in australia there has been one recorded case of an amethystine python attempting to consume an adult human. lizards large komodo dragons are the only known lizard species to occasionally atta...
[ "the octopus is not dangerous to man", "people often fear creatures that are not dangerous to them", "the octopus only hunts its natural victims", "things described in movies are not to be believed" ]
A
null
qasc_2472
qasc
<ctx> are unicellular protists that exist in both freshwaters and oceans. choanoflagellates have a spherical ( or ovoid ) cell body and a flagellum that is surrounded by a collar composed of actin microvilli. the flagellum is used to facilitate movement and food intake. as the flagellum beats, it takes in water through...
[ "diving into two parts", "it keeps an organism warm", "metabolic reaction", "allow growth" ]
A
pubmedqa_42
pubmedqa
<ctx> to standard imaging lenses used for open surgery devices. fgs devices can also be implemented for robotic surgery ( for example in the da vinci surgical system ). clinical applications the major limitation in fgs is the availability of clinically approved fluorescent dyes which have a novel biological indication....
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
C
arc_challenge_352
arc_challenge
<ctx> be achieved in the field itself with the munsell soil chart using human perspective. although colour is a very subjective topic, two people can have a complete different perception of colour and could then associate it differently with the munsell soil chart thus effecting the accuracy of this method.. to avoid t...
[ "bar graph", "line graph", "pie chart", "data table" ]
A
aquarat_36252
aquarat
<ctx> 13. 10 540 13 • temperature, kinetic theory, and the gas laws access for free at openstax. org example 13. 4 calculating thermal expansion : gas vs. gas tank suppose your 60. 0 - l ( 15. 9 - gal ) steel gasoline tank is full of gas, so both the tank and the gasoline have a temperature of. how much gasoline has sp...
[ "A)11", "B)21", "C)33", "D)51" ]
B
Explanation: Let the pipe B be closed after x minutes. 30/16 - x/24 = 1 => x/24 = 30/16 - 1 = 14/16 => x = 14/16 * 24 = 21. Answer:B
openbookqa_1483
openbookqa
<ctx> active ingredient of the antacid tums, with hydrochloric acid ( stomach acid ), as shown in figure 18. 31, illustrates the reaction : 892 18 • representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals access for free at openstax. org figure 18. 31 the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid is shown. ( credit...
[ "Mixing play-doh", "Making cereal", "A dog's saliva", "Science fair volcanoes" ]
D
arc_challenge_138
arc_challenge
<ctx> models, the simplest being the nearly free electron model. minerals minerals are naturally occurring solids formed through various geological processes under high pressures. to be classified as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical properties throughout. minerals range in...
[ "humus, crystal, and ore", "water, weathered rock, and humus", "water, metamorphic rock, and crystal", "metamorphic rock, ore, and weathered rock" ]
B
medmcqa_993
medmcqa
<ctx> the risk of venous rupture and hemorrhage. cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the brain have a 2 – 4 % chance of rupture each year. however, many arteriovenous malformations go unnoticed and are asymptomatic throughout a person's lifetime. a germinal matrix hemorrhage is bleeding into the brain of premature ...
[ "Trauma", "Hypertension", "Berry aneurysm rupture", "Raised intracranial tension" ]
C
arc_easy_534
arc_easy
<ctx> warms the ground, which in turn warms the air directly above it. the warmer air expands, becoming less dense than the surrounding air mass, and creating a thermal low. the mass of lighter air rises, and as it does, it cools by expansion at lower air pressures. it stops rising when it has cooled to the same temper...
[ "moderate temperature with mild breezes", "storms with hurricane winds", "rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "high temperatures with low winds" ]
C
arc_easy_168
arc_easy
<ctx> disease and thus what possible methods of treatment could be used. this technique is the current standard for detecting viral infections such as aids and hepatitis. treatments once an infection has been diagnosed and identified, suitable treatment options must be assessed by the physician and consulting medical m...
[ "mutations", "microorganisms", "toxic substances", "climate changes" ]
C
aquarat_24275
aquarat
<ctx> . what was the percentage of tin in the original sample? 26. consider the production of 100 kg of sodium metal using a current of 50, 000 a, assuming a 100 % yield. ( a ) how long will it take to produce the 100 kg of sodium metal? ( b ) what volume of chlorine at 25 °c and 1. 00 atm forms? 27. what mass of magne...
[ "A)9.4%", "B)9.6%", "C)9%", "D)9.8%" ]
C
The amount of chromium in the new 10+30=40 kg alloy is 0.12*10+0.08*30=3.6 kg, so the percentage is 3.6/40*100=9%. Answer: C
medmcqa_1394
medmcqa
<ctx> a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. there is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. treatment involves the same measures as prevention...
[ "Conversion disorder", "Hypochondriosis", "Somatization", "Depression" ]
B
Interpretation of benign symptom (extra beats) as a serious illness (cardiac disorder) is suggestive of Hypochondriosis.
medmcqa_5213
medmcqa
<ctx> light rays pass through several layers of material ( such as cornea, aqueous humor, several layers in the lens, and vitreous humor ), changing direction at each interface. the image formed is much like the one produced by a single convex lens. this is a case 1 image. images formed in the eye are inverted but the ...
[ "1.37", "1.33", "1.42", "1.45" ]
A
Corneal refractive index is 1.376
medmcqa_6899
medmcqa
<ctx> , e ; eden, c ; hogg, t ; northcott, p ; mack, s ; neale, g ; wang, y ; coyle, b ; atkinson, j ; dewire, m ; kranenburg, ta ; gillespie, y ; allen, jc ; merchant, t ; boop, fa ; sanford, ra ; gajjar, a. “ nature ”, july 2010 adult ependymal tumors : prognosis and the m. d. anderson cancer center experience. armst...
[ "Liver", "Stomach", "Small intestine", "Large intestine" ]
B
Ans. (b) Stomach(Ref: Wintrobe's 12th/pg 2177)Commonest site for extranodal lymphoma is StomachGastrointestinal tract is the most common site for extranodal NHL (10 to 15% of all NHL).Stomach accounts for 50% of gastrointestinal lymphomas
medmcqa_8977
medmcqa
<ctx> the formation of excess callus leading to bone ends appearing sclerotic causing a radiological " elephants foot " appearance due to excessive fracture ends mobility but adequate blood supply. atrophic non - union results in re - absorption and rounding of bone ends due to inadequate blood supply and excessive mob...
[ "Osteoma", "Osteoid osteoma", "Osteoblastoma", "Osteosarcoma" ]
D
Osteosarcoma, or osteogenic sarcoma, usually is seen in patients between the ages of 10 and 25 years. The distal femur is the site most frequently involved. The radiograph has a blastic, or sunburst, appearance. The tumor is not sensitive to radiation but does respond well to combination chemotherapy followed by surgic...
aquarat_16720
aquarat
<ctx> 3. 75 take - home experiment : relative velocity of a boat fill a bathtub half - full of water. take a toy boat or some other object that floats in water. unplug the drain so water starts to drain. try pushing the boat from one side of the tub to the other and perpendicular to the flow of water. which way do you ...
[ "A)69 miles", "B)88 miles", "C)96 miles", "D)102.8 miles" ]
D
Upstream Speed = 21-3=18mph Downstream Speed = 21+3 = 24 mph D/18 + D/24 = 10 hours Solving for D we get D=102.8 Answer: D
aquarat_5033
aquarat
<ctx> : note that for there to be a continually diminishing mortgage balance, the following inequality must hold : p0 is the same as p ( 0 ) – the original loan amount or loan balance at time t = 0. solving the difference equation we begin by re - writing the difference equation in recursive form : using the notation p...
[ "A)200x/(100+2x)", "B)100x/(100+x)", "C)x(2+x)/(1+x)2", "D)x(200+x)/10000" ]
B
The simplest pairing is a 25% increase will be offset by a 20% decrease. Here's the proof: Starting value = 100 25% increase = 100 + (.25)(100) = 125 20% decrease = 125 - (.2)(125) = 100 Ending value = 100 So we would be looking for an answer that equals 20 when A=25. While the answers might appear 'complex', you can a...
openbookqa_2627
openbookqa
<ctx> when cold, the shrunken balloon has a small amount of light blue liquid in it, as well as some snow - like crystals. as it warms up, the liquid boils, and part of the crystals sublimate, with some crystals lingering for awhile and then producing a liquid. identify the blue liquid and the two solids in the cold ba...
[ "gas transformation", "solidifying", "melting", "cooling" ]
A
medmcqa_4724
medmcqa
<ctx> amino acids as nitrogen sources and glycerol as a carbon source in the presence of mineral salts. temperatures for optimal growth vary between species and media conditions, ranging from 25 to 45 °c. most mycobacterium species, including most clinically relevant species, can be cultured in blood agar. however, som...
[ "Photochromogens", "Scotochromogens", "Non-photochromogens", "Rapid growers" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scotochromogens
aquarat_3544
aquarat
<ctx> 1. 20 m / s to the right. refer to figure 3. 43, which shows a boat trying to go straight across the river. let us calculate the magnitude and direction of the boat ’ s velocity relative to an observer on the shore,. the velocity of the boat,, is 0. 75 m / s in the - direction relative to the river and the veloci...
[ "A)30/18", "B)30/29", "C)30/14", "D)30/13" ]
C
Speed downstream = 20 + 8 = 28 kmph. Time required to cover 60 km downstream = d/s = 60/28 = 30/14 hours. Answer:C
medmcqa_7872
medmcqa
<ctx> . the us national library of medicine publishes " lactmed, " an up - to - date online database of information on drugs and lactation. geared to both healthcare practitioners and nursing mothers, lactmed contains over 450 drug records with information such as potential drug effects and alternative drugs to conside...
[ "Cephaslosporins", "Anti tubercular drugs", "Quinolones", "Aminoglycoside" ]
C
Chloroquine, proguanil, and mefloquine are considered compatible with breastfeeding. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that atovaquone may be used during breastfeeding where the infant weighs at least 5kg. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
medmcqa_8917
medmcqa
<ctx> , such as deet used as mosquito spray, nonylphenol which is a surfactant used in detergents, the antibiotic erythromycin, and the herbicide atrazine. several research projects are running to optimize the use of advanced sewage treatment techniques under different conditions. the advanced techniques will increase ...
[ "Dumping", "Destruction and disposal", "Store for month and burial", "Incineration" ]
B
Destruction and disposal
medmcqa_4109
medmcqa
<ctx> accounted for by latitude and longitude than by national percentage of finno - ugrians and type o blood : a rebuttal of lester and kondrichin ( 2004 ). perceptual and motor skills, 99, 1243 - 1250. formann, a. k. ( 2006 ). mixture analysis of longitudinal binary data. statistics in medicine, 25, 1457 - 1469. form...
[ "Prospective", "Useful for rare diseases", "Necessary for incidence", "Costly as compared to case control studies" ]
B
Ans: B i.e. Useful for rare diseases Case control studies Advantages Good for studying rare conditions or diseases Less time needed to conduct the study because the condition or disease has already occurred Lets you simultaneously look at multiple risk factors Useful as initial studies to establish an association Can a...
aquarat_35395
aquarat
<ctx> imagine finding in envelope a, if we were to open that envelope, and suppose that a = 2n for some n ≥ 1. in that case the other envelope contains a / 2 with probability 3 / 5 and 2a with probability 2 / 5. so either the first envelope contains 1, in which case the conditional expected amount in the other envelope...
[ "A)A)600", "B)B)350", "C)C)450", "D)D)470" ]
A
Explanation: 10 * 150 = 1500 3 * 100 + 4 * 150 = 900 1500 – 900 = 600 A
pubmedqa_381
pubmedqa
<ctx> at some risk of experiencing disruptive hypoglycemia while driving, there is a subgroup of type 1 drivers who are more vulnerable to such events. given the above research findings, it is recommended that drivers with type 1 diabetes with a history of driving mishaps should never drive when their bg is less than 7...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
aquarat_48325
aquarat
<ctx> a profitable trading system. if he set his average win at around $ 400 per trade ( this can be done using proper exit strategy ) and managing / limiting the losses to around $ 100 per trade ; the expectancy is around : expectancy = ( trading system winning probability * average win ) – ( trading system losing pro...
[ "A)10500", "B)16576", "C)10100", "D)13500" ]
A
the approach is substitution, our interest requirement is $1076 after 12 months, 2 compounding period. calculate the compound interest on each option and find out the one that yields 460 in 12 months 10500 yielded $1076 using the formula A = P(1 + r/n)nt hence answer is A
arc_easy_1077
arc_easy
<ctx> ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time. the process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance substantially alters a pre - existing habitat. succession that begins in new habit...
[ "Lichens", "Grasses", "Trees", "Shrubs" ]
A
medmcqa_7907
medmcqa
<ctx> of drugs and enzyme inhibitors recommendations of the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry ( nc - iub ) on enzyme inhibition terminology medicinal chemistry metabolism . 025. bousquet j, schunemann hj, ( … ) kaidashev i, et al. macvia - aria sentinel network for allergic rhinitis ( m...
[ "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors", "Loop diuretics", "Thiazide diuretics", "Spironolactone" ]
B
Loop diuretics increase prostaglandin production by stimulating Cycloxygenase enzyme (COX) and NSAIDs attenuate the diuretic action of these drugs.
medmcqa_2607
medmcqa
<ctx> national institute of hydrology ( nih ) is an autonomous society under ministry of water resources, river development & ganga rejuvenation, government of india and has been functioning as a research institute in the area of hydrology and water resources in the country since 1979 in roorkee city. main objectives o...
[ "Delhi", "Kolkata", "Chennai", "Mumbai" ]
B
The government of india has established a national institute of Ayurveda in Jaipur and a national institute of homeopathy in Kolkata. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 849.
medmcqa_2048
medmcqa
<ctx> diagnosis many features of gerodermia osteodysplastica ( go ) and another autosomal recessive form of cutis laxa, wrinkly skin syndrome ( wss, ), are similar to such an extent that both disorders were believed to be variable phenotypes of a single disorder. several delineating factors, however, suggest that gerod...
[ "Incontinenta pigmenti", "Delayed hypersensitivity reaction", "Verrucous epidermal nevus", "Linear darriers disease" ]
C
Verrucuous epidermal nevus Linear verrucuous lesions, with characteristic histopathological feature of granular degeneration of the epidermis ours the diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevus. Epidermal nevus Epidermal nevi are hamaomas that are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal structures. These ...
qasc_1090
qasc
<ctx> 17. 6 • hearing 755 figure 17. 39 shows the middle and inner ear in greater detail. pressure waves moving through the cochlea cause the tectorial membrane to vibrate, rubbing cilia ( called hair cells ), which stimulate nerves that send electrical signals to the brain. the membrane resonates at different position...
[ "energy", "Energy.", "light", "matter" ]
D
aquarat_5281
aquarat
<ctx> ##illary action in the same glass tube. 67. what is the ratio of heights to which ethyl alcohol and water are raised by capillary action in the same glass tube? ethanol, c2h5oh ( d ) 25 g of i2 in 125 g of ethanol, c2h5oh 33. calculate the mole fraction of each solute and solvent : ( a ) 0. 710 kg of sodium carb...
[ "A)1 : 0", "B)1 : 5", "C)1 : 1", "D)1 : 2" ]
B
Final concentration = Initial concentration (1−replacement quantityfinal volume)(1−replacement quantityfinal volume) Final concentration = =1×(1−1015)=13=1×(1−1015)=13 Final concentration = 13×(1−1020)=1613×(1−1020)=16 So ratio of alcohol : water = 1 : 5 Answer:B
medmcqa_4618
medmcqa
<ctx> overall. moreover, there is no one reason why some cp cases come from prenatal brain damage, and it is not known if those cases have a genetic basis. cerebellar hypoplasia is sometimes genetic and can cause ataxic cerebral palsy. early childhood after birth, other causes include toxins, severe jaundice, lead pois...
[ "Bronchogenic cysts", "Congenital pulmonary cysts", "Posterior detion of the tracheoesophageal septum", "Pulmonary immaturity" ]
C
The infant probably has esophageal atresia, which is typically caused by posterior detion of the tracheoesophageal septum. Attempts at feeding cause fluid to spill into the trachea, and secondarily cause aspiration pneumonia. Emergent surgical correction is usually required. Bronchogenic cysts are centrally located cys...
mmlu_aux_8133
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> most common families of desert plants are the cacti, which are covered in sharp spines or bristles for defence against herbivory. the bristles on certain cacti also have the ability to reflect sunlight, such as those of the old man cactus. certain xerophytes, like oleander, feature stomata that are recessed as a ...
[ "sell precipitation to someone else", "use precipitation right away", "store precipitation for future use", "give precipitation to their friends" ]
C
null
medmcqa_9909
medmcqa
<ctx> ##ing and timing. hypo and hyperglycemia levels which are significantly above or below this range are problematic and can in some cases be dangerous. a level of < 3. 8 mmol / l ( < 70 mg / dl ) is usually described as a hypoglycemic attack ( low blood sugar ). most diabetics know when they are going to " go hypo ...
[ "Half the plasma glucose", "2/3 of plasma glucose", "1/3 of plasma glucose", "Same as plasma glucose" ]
B
aquarat_18498
aquarat
<ctx> vowels are pronounced approximately as follows : e [ ] as in beg ( french e ) : aipet - - - - - to lay out i [ ] as in sit : ailid - - - - - to fasten o [ ] as in gone ( or in glory when long ) : aimor - - - - - to share u [ ] as in full : aikut - - - - - to blow a [ ] is pronounced as in art ( never short as in ...
[ "A)600", "B)700", "C)720", "D)750" ]
C
In the word ‘LANGUAGE’ we treat the vowels AUAE as one letter. Thus, we have LNGG (AUAE). This we have 5 letters of which G occurs 2 times and the rest are different. Number of ways arranging these letters= 5!/2! =5*4*3= 60 Now, 4 letters of which A occurs 2 times and the rest are different, can be arranged in 4!/2! = ...
medmcqa_9996
medmcqa
<ctx> ddt ( dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ) and heavy metals, rodenticides, herbicides, inorganic and organic acids, alkalis, inorganic salts, organic solvents like vapor degreasers and ferric chloride, of which 12. 5 tons were buried. evidence of wildlife contamination are the 2013 finding of mongooses caught near t...
[ "It is contact poison", "Residual effect lasts for 18 months", "Immediately kills the prey", "Permethrin has synergistic action" ]
A
Ans. is `a' i.e., Immediately kills the prey DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroetheine) o DDT is an amorphous white powder. o Para-para isomer is the most active fraction --> contains 70-80% ofpara-para isomers. o It is primarily a contact poison. o It acts on CNS of insects and causes paralysis of legs and wings, convul...
arc_easy_1
arc_easy
<ctx> ##anetzky in 1867 showed no dependence of the algal component upon the lichen thallus and that the algal component could live independently of the thallus. it was in 1869 that simon schwendener demonstrated that all lichens were the result of fungal attack on the cells of algal cells and that all these algae also...
[ "carbon dioxide", "food", "protection", "water" ]
B
arc_challenge_98
arc_challenge
<ctx> distribution of the parental species, but the two species are unable to form stable mixed populations because sterile hybrids are formed as readily as intraspecific progenies ; the derivative populations must, therefore, have arisen in isolation. in all instances, derivative species occupy ecologically different,...
[ "The offspring experienced a genetic mutation.", "The offspring resulted from asexual reproduction.", "The genes for flower color exhibited incomplete dominance.", "A gene for pink-colored flowers was recessive in one of the parents." ]
C
arc_easy_692
arc_easy
<ctx> in the same - different discrimination task. two arrays of items were presented simultaneously in which the two sets of items were either identical or different from one another. pigeons were required to distinguish between the two arrays of items in which the level of difficulty was varied. pigeons were provided...
[ "blinking its eyes", "scratching an itch", "panting to cool off", "jumping to catch a ball" ]
D
aquarat_11500
aquarat
<ctx> the investment vehicle that maximizes the profit. hence, conclusion : knowing the direction the market will go ( i. e. having perfect information ) is worth $ 350. discussion : if someone was selling information that guaranteed the accurate prediction of the future market direction, we would want to purchase this...
[ "A)25%", "B)30%", "C)50%", "D)20%" ]
B
S.P. = $195 Gain = $45 C.P. = 195-45 = 150 Gain% = 45/150 * 100% = 30% Answer is B
aquarat_37441
aquarat
<ctx> is at most b. the set of configurations is c. x is a vector of size c. each element xc of x represents the number of times configuration c is used. example : suppose the item sizes are 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, and b = 12. then there are c = 10 possible configurations : 3333 ; 333 ; 33, 334 ; 3, 34, 344 ; 4, ...
[ "A)52", "B)68", "C)25", "D)67" ]
C
Answer No. of pieces = Total length / Length of each piece = 80/3.2 = 25 Option: C
aquarat_28694
aquarat
<ctx> rounded upwards ) lived by ( x ) beyond age x, so that the actuarial present value of one unit of insurance is given by : where is the probability that ( x ) survives to age x + t, and is the probability that ( x + t ) dies within one year. if the benefit is payable at the moment of death, then t ( g, x ) : = g -...
[ "A)1", "B)1/2", "C)2/3", "D)3/5" ]
B
Sol. Required probability = Pg.) x P(B) = (1— D x(1 —I) =: x 1=1/2 Ans.(B)
aquarat_21384
aquarat
<ctx> of vocational training ( infp ) to provide background information on the educational system in haiti which is described below. primary education although not compulsory, preschool is formally recognized for children between the ages of 3 and 5. around 705, 000 children below 6 years of age, representing 23 % of t...
[ "A)3635", "B)3500", "C)4000", "D)4500" ]
A
Formula : ( After =100 denominator Ago = 100 numerator) 8000 × 90/100 × 90/100 x 90/100 = 3635 A
arc_easy_1561
arc_easy
<ctx> waves strike with sufficient energy. the tsunami that occurred in lituya bay, alaska on july 9, 1958 was high and is the biggest tsunami ever measured, almost taller than the sears tower in chicago and about taller than the former world trade center in new york. surface waves the wind generates ocean surface wave...
[ "Grass on the beach will grow longer.", "Sand from the beach will wash away.", "Salt from the ocean will be left on the beach.", "Currents in the ocean will become stronger." ]
B
qasc_5362
qasc
<ctx> ##−4. the astronomical almanach online as of 2016 recommends a standard uncertainty of for earth mass, variation earth's mass is variable, subject to both gain and loss due to the accretion of in - falling material, including micrometeorites and cosmic dust and the loss of hydrogen and helium gas, respectively. t...
[ "air", "daylight", "energy", "water" ]
B
qasc_1091
qasc
<ctx> vibration ( ) is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely ( e. g. the periodic motion of a pendulum ), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically ( e. g. the movement of a ...
[ "nerves", "motion", "waves", "energy" ]
C
aquarat_33742
aquarat
<ctx> by petitions filed with eta. the figure was 280, 873 in 2010, 201, 053 in 2009 and 126, 633 in 2008. high - frequency labor market data sources of u. s. labor market data that are available at a higher frequency and with shorter lags than traditional sources include unemployment insurance claims, online job posti...
[ "A)80", "B)95", "C)105", "D)120" ]
A
20% of the workerswithoutretirement plan are women, this means 80% of the workerswithoutretirement plan are men right? Makes 100% = no retirement plan. Then 40% of those wo have a retirement plan are men, which means 60% of those who have a retirement plan are women. These percentages are always refering to the subgrou...
qasc_3728
qasc
<ctx> in population genetics overlapping generations refers to mating systems where more than one breeding generation is present at any one time. in systems where this is not the case there are non - overlapping generations ( or discrete generations ) in which every breeding generation lasts just one breeding season. i...
[ "survival", "flowers", "embryos", "Plants" ]
D
pubmedqa_481
pubmedqa
<ctx> due to chronic inflammation, such as due to stones or schistosomiasis. investigations performed usually include collecting a sample of urine for an inspection for malignant cells under a microscope, called cytology, as well as medical imaging by a ct urogram or ultrasound. if a concerning lesion is seen, a flexib...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
B