Split (1)

train · 35.5k rows

id string	dataset string	question string	options list	answer string	explanation string
aquarat_25531	aquarat	<ctx> 7. 1 work : the scientific definition 1. how much work does a supermarket checkout attendant do on a can of soup he pushes 0. 600 m horizontally with a force of 5. 00 n? express your answer in joules and kilocalories. 2. a 75. 0 - kg person climbs stairs, gaining 2. 50 meters in height. find the work done to acco...	[ "A)2 days", "B)76 days", "C)8 days", "D)6 days" ]	A	1 man's 1 day work = 1/108 12 men's 6 day's work = 1/9 * 6 = 2/3 Remaining work = 1 - 2/3 = 1/3 18 men's 1 day work = 1/108 * 18 = 1/6 1/6 work is done by them in 1 day. 1/3 work is done by them in 6 * 1/3 = 2 days. Answer: A
medmcqa_5406	medmcqa	<ctx> ##p1a1 - deficient cells. in the further analyses of the cyp1a1 derived metabolites two monohydroxylated ficz metabolites ( 2 - and 8 - hydroxyindolo [ 3, 2 - b ] carbazole - 6 - carboxaldehyde ) and three dihydroxylated metabolites ( 2, 8 -, 2, 10 -, and 4, 8 - dihydroxyindolo [ 3, 2 - b ] carbazole - 6 - carbox...	[ "Cytochrome", "Cytochrome p450", "Cytochrome C", "Cytochrome A" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Biotransformation reactions (metabolism) of drugs can be classified :A. Non-synthetic (phase I) reactions# Metabolism brings about a change in the drug molecule by:1. Oxidation2. Reduction3. Hydrolysis4. Cyclization5. Decyclization# The new metabolite may retain biological activity o...
arc_challenge_792	arc_challenge	<ctx> e. g. respiratory diseases, cancer ) increases in radiative forcing and global warming decreased agricultural productivity due to ozone deposition ecosystem acidification and eutrophication. technology impacts the applications of technology often result in unavoidable and unexpected environmental impacts, which a...	[ "recycling paper and plastic", "riding a bicycle to school", "helping seeds to germinate", "throwing garbage into a stream" ]	D
aquarat_45150	aquarat	<ctx> strategy for ( b ) the efficiency can be calculated with since is given and work was found in the first part of this example. solution for ( b ) efficiency is given by :. the work was just found to be, and is given, so the efficiency is 15. 26 15. 27 15. 28 × × 15. 29 15. 30 different - parts. svg \| thumb \| 300p...	[ "A)5days", "B)6days", "C)7.5days", "D)8.5days" ]	B	Explanation: B's 5 days work = 1/10∗5=1/2 Remaining work =1−1/2=1/2 A can finish work =12∗1/2= 6 days Option B
medmcqa_6560	medmcqa	<ctx> the most widely reported neurological disorders. approximately 12, 000 infants each year are diagnosed with germinal matrix haemorrhage or intraventricular haemorrhage in the united states. research in 2002, a dutch retrospective study analysed cases where neonatologists had intervened and drained csf by lumbar o...	[ "Escherichia coli", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Herpes virus", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" ]	C	The clinically suspected diagnosis is meningitis, which is confirmed by the abnormal cerebrospinal fluid. The markedly increased lymphocytes suggests acute lymphocytic meningitis, which is distinguished from acute pyogenic meningitis (increased neutrophils as well as lymphocytes). Acute lymphocytic meningitis is usuall...
aquarat_46798	aquarat	<ctx> divya - yuga, when divided and converted into decimal numbers for each planet, give reasonably accurate sidereal periods when compared to modern era western calculations. calendar the solar part of the luni - solar hindu calendar is based on the surya siddhanta. the various old and new versions of surya siddhanta...	[ "A)10 DAYS", "B)40 DAYS", "C)45 DAYS", "D)47 DAYS" ]	C	Kamlesh completed 75% of the work in 27 days. So, Work rate of Kamlesh = 75/27 = 2.775 per day. Kamlesh and Lucifer complted 25% remaining work in 5 days.Then Work rate of Kamlesh and Lucifer, together = 25/5 = 5% per day. So, Work rate of Lucifer = 5 - 2.77 = 2.23% per day. To complete 100% work alone, Lucifer needs, ...
openbookqa_685	openbookqa	<ctx> the circuit by two wires, through which electric current passes through the device. from the standpoint of power flow, electrical components in a circuit can be divided into two types : in a source or active component, such as a battery or electric generator, electric current ( conventional current, flow of posit...	[ "sword tip", "rubber", "plastic", "air." ]	A
medmcqa_7345	medmcqa	<ctx> ##os is not too small such that not too many trials will enter the next stage, to guard against false positives. the second equation ensures that the ppos credible interval is tight such that the ppos calculation is supported by sufficient information. the second equation also ensures that the ppos credible inter...	[ "Thromboembolism", "Hypeension", "Diabetes", "Epilepsy" ]	A	Absolute contraindications of OCP'S: - C - Cancers - L - Liver diseases - U - Uterine bleeding - T - Thromboembolism - C - Cardiovascular diseases - H - Hyperlipidemia - Preganancy Also remember, Long-standing or complicated diabetes (with microvascular complications) is absolute contraindication. Grade I hypeension is...
medmcqa_7650	medmcqa	<ctx> not to be confused by the acoustic reflex, but can be activated by the startle reflex. voluntary control contracting muscles produce vibration and sound. slow twitch fibers produce 10 to 30 contractions per second ( equivalent to 10 to 30 hz sound frequency ). fast twitch fibers produce 30 to 70 contractions per ...	[ "Reissner's membrane", "Shrapnel's membrane", "Basilar membrane", "Secondary tympanic membrane" ]	B	Situated above the lateral process of malleus between the notch of Rivinius and the anterior and posterior malleolar fold. Reference: Dhingra 6th edition
arc_easy_1673	arc_easy	<ctx> a solar cell or photovoltaic cell ( pv cell ) is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. it is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics ( such as current, voltage, or resistance ) vary when exposed to ligh...	[ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ]	B
aquarat_46220	aquarat	<ctx> 2. 3 time, velocity, and speed 5. ( a ) calculate earth ’ s average speed relative to the sun. ( b ) what is its average velocity over a period of one year? 92 2 • problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 6. a helicopter blade spins at exactly 100 revolutions per minute. its tip is 5. 00 m from the c...	[ "A)172,800", "B)124,600", "C)93,400", "D)72,200" ]	A	The speed is 28.8 miles/s. Then 28.8/0.6 = 48 km/s 48*3600 = 172,800 kph The answer is A.
mmlu_aux_3408	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> and entertainment. during training humans communicate their wishes with positive or negative reinforcement. after training is finished the human communicates by giving signals with words, whistles, gestures, body language, etc. apopo has trained southern giant pouched rats to communicate to humans the presence of...	[ "To clarify the meaning of copycat elephants.", "To show the cleverness of African elephants.", "To add another example of copycat elephants.", "To introduce a special life skill of Asian elephants." ]	C	null
arc_easy_73	arc_easy	<ctx> dermal fibroblasts are cells within the dermis layer of skin which are responsible for generating connective tissue and allowing the skin to recover from injury. using organelles ( particularly the rough endoplasmic reticulum ), dermal fibroblasts generate and maintain the connective tissue which unites separate ...	[ "growth and repair", "sexual reproduction", "obtaining energy", "production of sex cells" ]	B
openbookqa_1954	openbookqa	<ctx> 2. 0 mm in a certain material. does this mean that every a ray that strikes this material travels 2. 0 mm, or does the range have an average value with some statistical fluctuations in the distances traveled? explain. 2. what is the difference between rays and characteristic x rays? is either necessarily more ene...	[ "cats", "grass", "water", "cigarettes" ]	D
openbookqa_1110	openbookqa	<ctx> somewhat higher friction and wear quickly. the peaks in the roughness profile are not always the points of contact. the form and waviness ( i. e. both amplitude and frequency ) must also be considered. in earth sciences in earth sciences ( e. g., shepard et al., 2001 ; smith, 2014 ) and ecology ( e. g., riley et ...	[ "sink holes", "erosion", "water accumulation", "high traffic" ]	B
qasc_7274	qasc	<ctx> would it be easier if monochromatic light were used? naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light - collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection. in astronomy, the naked eye may be used to ob...	[ "photons", "Light", "fibers", "More darkness" ]	B
arc_challenge_775	arc_challenge	<ctx> the physiological condition of the birds ( especially males ) is indicated by the quality of their feathers, and this is used ( by the females ) in mate choice. additionally, when comparing different ornithomimus edmontonicus specimens, older individuals were found to have a pennibrachium ( a wing - like structur...	[ "claws for obtaining food", "wings for eliminating waste", "feathers for breathing", "eyes for growing" ]	A
aquarat_6012	aquarat	<ctx> in the game of bridge mathematical probabilities play a significant role. different declarer play strategies lead to success depending on the distribution of opponent's cards. to decide which strategy has highest likelihood of success, the declarer needs to have at least an elementary knowledge of probabilities. ...	[ "A)7/15", "B)9/16", "C)11/18", "D)13/21" ]	D	P(no pairs) = 8/96/84/7 = 8/21 P(at least one pair) = 1 - 8/21 = 13/21 The answer is D.
mmlu_aux_1712	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> in april 2002 at the convention on biological diversity ( cbd ), 188 nations committed themselves to actions to “ … achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national levels … ”. when a regional red list is compiled at regular intervals, it can ...	[ "The UK should not be satisfied with what they have achieved.", "The UK should share their experience with other countries.", "What conservation organisations do is far from satisfactory.", "The RSPB is responsible for the decrease of common birds." ]	A	null
mmlu_aux_4304	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> in earth's energy balance along with related global and regional changes in climate, the biosphere and biogeochemistry. the atmosphere and ocean are linked because of evaporation and precipitation as well as thermal flux ( and solar insolation ). recent studies have advanced knowledge on ocean acidification, ocea...	[ "show people the findings of a research team", "inform people of how acid the ocean is now", "introduce Dr Caldeira and his team's research", "warn people of the higher level of CO2" ]	D	null
arc_challenge_819	arc_challenge	<ctx> about vegetation change are some of the many possibilities of gis. accurate maps of the aquatic plant distribution within an aquatic ecosystem are an essential part resource management. it is possible to predict the possible occurrences of aquatic vegetation. for example, the usgs has created a model for the amer...	[ "a rainstorm lasting several weeks", "a drought lasting twelve months", "unusually low temperatures during the month of July", "unusually high temperatures during the month of January" ]	B
openbookqa_908	openbookqa	<ctx> that they would not need to disrupt their studies to pick up the snack. a common yearly conflict arises when students intentionally, and without good reason ignore the lunch time designated for each grade ( seniors first, then juniors, then the freshmen ) in order to cut the waiting time. there is also a small st...	[ "watches a UFO", "works at factories", "counts down portions", "sleeps at home" ]	C
openbookqa_1772	openbookqa	<ctx> the overlying caldera. basically, during an eruption the magma loses more carbon dioxide than water, that in the chamber is already supersaturated. overall, water is the main volatile during an eruption. nucleation of bubbles bubble nucleation happens when the a volatile becomes saturated. actually the bubbles ar...	[ "top of iceberg", "a cloud", "a space station", "an island" ]	D
arc_challenge_131	arc_challenge	<ctx> reports of s as high as 250 k. 34. 7 some questions we know to ask • on the largest scale, the questions which can be asked may be about dark matter, dark energy, black holes, quasars, and other aspects of the universe. • on the intermediate scale, we can query about gravity, phase transitions, nonlinear phenomen...	[ "Who will be the winner of the next lottery?", "What football team will win the next game?", "What is the amount of light needed to grow tomatoes?", "Which four types of bird feathers have the prettiest colors?" ]	C
medmcqa_9763	medmcqa	<ctx> mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini. second arch all of the pharyngeal muscles of the second pharyngeal arch are innervated by the facial nerve. these muscles include the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, the stylohyoid muscle, the auricular muscle and the stapedi...	[ "abc", "bcd", "abd", "acd" ]	C	Functional dissection is modified radical neck dissection (MRND Type III ) Modified radical neck dissection is done only selected cases where tumor is very well differentiated and less aggressive like in papillary carcinoma of thyroid with lymph node secondaries . Structures preserved here are sternomastoid muscle , in...
arc_easy_2242	arc_easy	<ctx> 26. 5 telescopes learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • outline the invention of a telescope. • describe the working of a telescope. telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects, producing an image that is larger than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. telescopes...	[ "Earth is the center of the universe.", "the planets revolve around the Sun.", "all stars eventually explode.", "the universe has many galaxies." ]	B
mmlu_aux_5188	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> about 30 % larger than a similarly sized domestic dog, potentially derivative of different needs in their respective way of life. dietary trends of the animals demonstrating the highest eq's ( see associated table ), many are primarily frugivores, including apes, macaques, and proboscideans. this dietary categori...	[ "as big as in a human's neck", "as big as in a giraffe's neck", "many more than in a human's neck", "much smaller than in a giraffe's neck" ]	C	null
medmcqa_1446	medmcqa	<ctx> 303 – 314 l. masson, j. letowski, a. bravo, r. brousseau. 2007. using dna microarrays for assessing crystal protein genes in bacillus thuringiensis. en : proceedings of the 6th pacific rim conference on the biotechnology of bacillus thuringiensis and its environmental impact. pp. 28 – 30 l. pardo, i. gomez, c. mu...	[ "Tetanolysin", "Tetanospasmin", "Tetanotactin", "Immobility factor" ]	B	C.tetani produces two distinct toxins- a hemolysin(tetanolysin), and neurotoxin(tetanospasmin). Tetanospasmin: This is the toxin responsible for tetanus. This toxin acts pre-synaptically. The abolition of spinal inhibition causes an uncontrolled spread of impulses initiated anywhere in the central nervous system. This ...
medmcqa_4784	medmcqa	<ctx> sampling is the use of a subset of the population to represent the whole population or to inform about ( social ) processes that are meaningful beyond the particular cases, individuals or sites studied. probability sampling, or random sampling, is a sampling technique in which the probability of getting any parti...	[ "Sample brought within 2 hr of collection", "Sample brought in sterile plastic container", "Sample brought in formalin", "Sample obtained after cleaning the collection site" ]	C	Sample brought in formalin are not allowed for culture,as it may loose it's characteristic propeies specific to that organism. Ref ananthnarayana and panikers microbiology textbook
arc_easy_1887	arc_easy	<ctx> , indicating an increase of temperature. in this case the heat has made its way through the space between the fire and the thermometer, by the process termed radiation. if we place a second thermometer in contact with any part of the grate, and away from the direct influence of the fire, we shall find that this t...	[ "This lowers the temperature.", "This makes the flames smaller.", "This absorbs the burning substance.", "This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire." ]	D
aquarat_433	aquarat	<ctx> ##0 : [ ensure r ≥ s. ] [ ensure the smaller of the two numbers is in s and the larger in r ] : if r > s then the contents of l is the larger number so skip over the exchange - steps 4, 5 and 6 : goto step 7 else swap the contents of r and s. l ← r ( this first step is redundant, but is useful for later discussio...	[ "A)23", "B)28", "C)31", "D)36" ]	C	Let $let n$ be the smaller and 71 - n be the larger number. Now, since the larger number exceeds the smaller number by 7, we can form the equation larger number – smaller number = 7 which is equivalent to Simplifying, we have 71 - 2n = 7. This gives us 2n = 78 which implies that the larger number is . The smaller is 71...
mmlu_aux_3287	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> to remain slightly dominant. if other group members witnessed this change in dominance position, then the beggar may demonstrate redirected aggression and attack a lower - rank bystander. later, when the beggar obtains food, it may choose to reciprocate after getting the initial food - obtainer to beg, but this o...	[ "Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.", "Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.", "In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.", "Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million yea...	B	null
arc_easy_403	arc_easy	<ctx> survive this century, but several major subpopulations will still be wiped out. in 2019, it was estimated that the current great ape range in africa will decline massively under both the severe rcp8. 5 scenario and the more moderate rcp4. 5. the apes could potentially disperse to new habitats, but those would lie...	[ "soil erosion", "destruction of their habitats", "improved nutrients in the soil", "more grasses as a result of burning" ]	B
qasc_5176	qasc	<ctx> biology is the scientific study of life. it is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. for instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generation...	[ "Eat food through the mouth", "converting mass to energy", "Remove waste from the body", "Walk on two legs" ]	C
medmcqa_2234	medmcqa	<ctx> targets for cardiac adverse effects, the vast majority of drugs associated with acquired qt prolongation are known to interact with the herg potassium channel. one of the main reasons for this phenomenon is the larger inner vestibule of the herg channel, thus providing more space for many different drug classes t...	[ "Chronic myeloid leukemia", "Multiple myeloma", "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia", "Hodgkin's disease" ]	B	Sho QT syndrome (SQTS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy characterised by an abnormally sho QT interval and increased risk for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Diagnosis is based on the evaluation of symptoms (syncope or cardiac arrest), family history and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings multiple myeloma shows ...
pubmedqa_285	pubmedqa	<ctx> ##ten and casein. based on that hypothesis, diets that eliminate foods containing either gluten or casein, or both, are widely promoted, and many testimonials can be found describing benefits in autism - related symptoms, notably social engagement and verbal skills. studies supporting those claims had significant...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	C
medmcqa_6108	medmcqa	<ctx> weight, the design frequently makes maximum use of triangles, and all the forces in each strut are either tensile or compressive, never bending, so they can be kept as thin as possible. the first true spaceframe chassis were produced in the 1930s by buckminster fuller and william bushnell stout ( the dymaxion and...	[ "Medial arcuate ligament", "Lateral arcuate ligament", "Lacunar ligament", "Cruciate ligament" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lateral arcuate ligament o Thoracolumbar fascia covers the deep muscles of back of the trunk, o It is composed of three fascial layers -i) Anterior layer# It is the thinnest layer# Medially it is attached to transverse process of lumbar vertebrae.# Laterally it fuses with fascia transversalis and apon...
mmlu_aux_7072	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> fortschr. zool. 25 : 283 - 293. 1974 on the evolution of habitat selection. pr. first international congress of ecology, pp. 401 – 404. 1998 articles on predation in encyclopedia of ecology and environmental management ( p. calow, ed. ) blackwell scientific publications ltd., oxford, england. 1 ) paradox of enric...	[ "Their future Prey", "Their water source", "Their offspring", "Their dens" ]	A	null
qasc_3777	qasc	<ctx> the international bee research association's standard procedure for locating drone congregation areas involves using a queen or a ( pheromone - marked ) dummy queen to attract drones from the diffuse cluster of a typical drone congregation area into a visible clump. in addition to drone attraction to queens, dron...	[ "cacti", "the color green", "stems", "flowers" ]	D
medmcqa_6672	medmcqa	<ctx> these include a thickening of the basement membrane, a widening of the slit membranes of the podocytes, an increase in the number of mesangial cells, and an increase in mesangial matrix. this matrix invades the glomerular capillaries and produces deposits called kimmelstiel - wilson nodules. the mesangial cells a...	[ "Malaria", "Leptospirosis", "Peussis", "Typhoid" ]	B	Given scenario suggests diagnosis of Weil's disease/ Ictero-haemorrhagic disease/ Leptospirosis Leptospirosis - Caused by Leptospira interrogans Leptospira is an actively motile spirochete Mode of transmission: Zoonotic , by contact with water or moist soil contaminated with rat's urine or dead rats. 3 R associated wit...
medmcqa_3760	medmcqa	<ctx> to form reactive aldehydes and allysine via oxidative deamination. these reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with other lysine and allysine residues to form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding molecules of tropoelastin into an extensively crosslink...	[ "Erythroplasia of Queyrat", "Pagets disease", "Plasma cell balantitis of zoon", "Metronidazole" ]	C	C i.e. Plasma cell balantitis of zoon
arc_easy_1097	arc_easy	<ctx> – 1 ) d or ( n – 2 ) f electrons are removed. an anion ( negatively charged ion ) forms when one or more electrons are added to a parent atom. the added electrons fill in the order predicted by the aufbau principle. example 6. 11 predicting electron configurations of ions what is the electron configuration of : (...	[ "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "charge.", "element." ]	C
aquarat_42000	aquarat	<ctx> . for a bernoulli random variable, the expected value is the theoretical probability of success, and the average of n such variables ( assuming they are independent and identically distributed ( i. i. d. ) ) is precisely the relative frequency. for example, a fair coin toss is a bernoulli trial. when a fair coin ...	[ "A)24", "B)25", "C)48", "D)50" ]	C	Answer Sum of 100 result = sum of 60 result + sum of 40 result. = 60 x 40 + 40 x 60 = 4800/100 Correct Option: C
medmcqa_5773	medmcqa	<ctx> in molecular biology, rna polymerase ( abbreviated rnap or rnapol ), or more specifically dna - directed / dependent rna polymerase ( ddrp ), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize rna from a dna template. using the enzyme helicase, rnap locally opens the double - stranded dna so that ...	[ "DNA polymerase", "RNA polymerase", "Reverse transcriptase", "Phosphokinase" ]	C	Reverse transcriptase transcripts a double stranded DNA copy from a single stranded RNA template. This enzyme is programmed to use a single-stranded RNA template, and to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand. Ref: Measuring Gene Expression, Matthew B. Avison, 2007, Page 135
aquarat_28004	aquarat	<ctx> ] + = dist [ w ] ; } ans _ cur + = h [ w _ cur ] ; for ( int w ; w _ cur! = w ; w _ cur = w ) job [ w _ cur ] = job [ w = prv [ w _ cur ] ] ; answers. push _ back ( ans _ cur ) ; } return answers ; } matrix interpretation given workers and tasks, the problem is written in the form of an × matrix where a, b, c and...	[ "A)1 1⁄3 days", "B)3 2⁄3 days", "C)3 days", "D)1 1⁄2 days" ]	D	8W = 6M = 12B 12M + 12W + 12B Þ 12M + 9M + 6M = 27M \9 men can complete the work by working 1 hour per day in 6 × 6 days \27 men working 8 hours per day = 6×6×9/27×8=112days Answer D
medmcqa_2184	medmcqa	<ctx> transition metal ions take part in fenton - like reactions in which deleterious hydroxyl radical is formed, which unrestrained would be destructive to proteins. the loss of active ccs increases the amyloid - β production in neurons which, in turn, is a major pathological hallmark of ad. therefore, copper chaperon...	[ "High anion gap acidosis", "Rhabdomyolysis", "Acute hemolysis", "Peripheral neuropathy" ]	C	COPPER Poisonous Compounds: (1) Copper sulphate (blue vitriol) occurs in large, blue crystals. (2) Copper subacetate (verdigris), occurs in bluish-green masses or powder. Signs and Symptoms: Increased salivation, burning pain in the stomach with colicky abdominal pain, thirst, nausea, eructations and repeated vomiting....
arc_easy_2158	arc_easy	<ctx> 2. 5 the periodic table the discovery of the periodic recurrence of similar properties among the elements led to the formulation of the periodic table, in which the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in rows known as periods and columns known as groups. elements in the same group of the pe...	[ "All gases are grouped together.", "Gases easily form compounds with other elements.", "Elements within a group have similar properties.", "Elements within a period have the same number of electrons." ]	C
aquarat_42352	aquarat	<ctx> )? 11. a student drove to the university from their home and noted that the odometer reading of their car increased by 12. 0 km. the trip took 18. 0 min. ( a ) what was their average speed? ( b ) if the straight - line distance from their home to the university is 38. 9 m / s ( about 87 miles per hour ) 23. ( a ...	[ "A)37.5 kilometers per hour", "B)47.6 kilometers per hour", "C)50 kilometers per hour", "D)75 kilometers per hour" ]	B	Time taken to reach first 40 km is 40/60 = 2/3 hr Time taken to reach next 40 km is 40/60 = 2/3 hr Time taken to reach next 20 km is 20/60 = 1/3 hr Danny stopped twice on his way at 40 km from starting point and at 80km from the starting point... Each stop was of 13min , so two 13min break = 2*13/60 => 13/30 hr Total t...
qasc_2409	qasc	<ctx> the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, dna and rna, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. the term comes from the latin word meaning'small roo...	[ "viruses", "plants", "fish", "the Moon" ]	C
openbookqa_1681	openbookqa	<ctx> movements and failures uses techniques lending from seismology ( geophones ), deformation, and meteorology. landslides, rock falls, pyroclastic flows, and mud flows ( lahars ) are example of mass failures of volcanic material before, during, and after eruptions. the most famous volcanic landslide was probably the...	[ "skies are clear", "cats are playing", "leaves are budding", "weather is poor" ]	D
medmcqa_9701	medmcqa	<ctx> lacking : the carcinogens are not all mutagens ( hormones... ) ; the target of carcinogens may be the ecm and not the cell ; an ecm exposed to a carcinogen brought into contact with a non - cancerous tissue will cause cancer of this tissue, but not vice versa ; a cancerous tissue in close contact with a normal ec...	[ "Common in young", "Associated with p53 mutation", "Surrounding neck tissue is usually free", "Radiotherapy cures" ]	B	ATC is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma with a disease-specific moality approaching 100%. A typical manifestation is an older patient with dysphagia, cervical tenderness, and a painful, rapidly enlarging neck mass. Patients frequently have a history of prior or coexistent DTC, and up to 50% have a history ...
mmlu_aux_7284	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> rotifers ( wheel animals ) live in transient terrestrial water and go dormant during desiccation nematodes ( roundworms ) by going dormant during desiccation eutardigrades ( water bears ) live in transient terrestrial water and go dormant during desiccation flatworms ( land planarians ) require moist habitats and...	[ "Chairs", "Birds", "Humans", "Bees" ]	D	null
medmcqa_1892	medmcqa	<ctx> . they also face the dilemma of an ageing society wherein knowledge is not passed down to enough pupils of the younger generation, which means teacher - pupil relationships within families break down if a successor is not found. as societal rules changed and became more relaxed, the traditional patriarchal system...	[ "3rd generation amalgam", "4th generation amalgam", "5th generation amalgam", "6th generation amalgam" ]	D	The set amalgam exhibits the highest nobility of any previous amalgam and has been the most recent 6th generation of amalgam to be developed. Reference: Marzouk Operative dentistry, pg-106
aquarat_9881	aquarat	<ctx> of road or highway. energy efficiency services limited ( eesl ) is obtaining 10, 000 electric vehicles for rent or sale to government departments. national electric mobility mission plan, 2020 ( nemmp ) this plan was introduced by the government of india in 2012 to increase national fuel security through the prom...	[ "A)2287", "B)140", "C)128", "D)210" ]	D	Given 30% (Income ) = 300 ⇒⇒ Income = 1000 After having spent Rs.300 on petrol, he left with Rs.700. His spending on house rent = 30% (700) = Rs.210 Answer:D
aquarat_24167	aquarat	<ctx> , as had walter a. shewhart and others before him, that excessive variation lay at the root of poor manufactured quality and that reacting to individual items inside and outside specification was counterproductive. he therefore argued that quality engineering should start with an understanding of quality costs in...	[ "A)Rs.12000", "B)Rs.13000", "C)Rs.14000", "D)Rs.15000" ]	B	Explanation : Solution: Total cost incurred = Rs. [100/125 * 25* (95% of 2000)] = Rs. (100/125 * 25 1900) = Rs. 38000. Loss of the supplier = Rs. [38000-(251000)] = Rs. 13,000. Answer : B
medmcqa_6838	medmcqa	<ctx> the medial pterygoid nerve ( nerve to medial pterygoid, or internal pterygoid nerve ) is a nerve of the head. it is a branch of the mandibular nerve ( cn v3 ). it supplies the medial pterygoid muscle, the tensor veli palatini muscle, and the tensor tympani muscle. structure origin the medial pterygoid nerve is a ...	[ "Facial nerve", "Auriculotemporal nerve Tympanic plexus", "Sympathetic plexus around external carotid aery", "Greater auricular nerve" ]	A	Nerve Supply of Parotid gland:1.Parasympathetic nerves are secretomotor. They reach the gland through the auriculotemporal nerve. The preganglionic fibers begin in the inferior salivatory nucleus; pass through the glossopharyngeal nerve, its tympanic branch, the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve; and relay ...
openbookqa_3111	openbookqa	<ctx> under pressure ), or immersion in mineral oil to quench the arc when the high voltage circuit is broken. wiring in equipment such as x - ray machines and lasers requires care. the high voltage section is kept physically distant from the low voltage side to reduce the possibility of an arc forming between the two....	[ "you have sneakers on", "you are simply immune", "you have a hard hat on", "you have pants on" ]	A
qasc_1504	qasc	<ctx> devastating as groups of trees are killed. the disease can extend 10 – 20m per year ( 40m per year in texas ) from the infection foci to surrounding trees. diseased trees can continue to harbor and transmit the disease for several years through the root network. the disease results from fungal spores clogging xyl...	[ "the oak can get wider", "at or near the margins", "the oak can fall", "the oak can stay in place" ]	C
mmlu_aux_2509	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> of african ungulates derived by uni ‐ and multivariate analyses. ” ecology 69. 5 ( 1988 ) : 1479 - 1485. ben - shahar, raphael. “ resource availability and habitat preferences of three african ungulates. ” biological conservation 54. 4 ( 1990 ) : 357 - 365. boeyens, jan, et al. “ from uterus to jar : the signific...	[ "Masai men", "Masai women", "Kamba men", "Kamba women" ]	A	null
aquarat_36327	aquarat	<ctx> ordinary six - sided die eight times. what is the probability that one sees a " 1 " at least once? it may be tempting to say that pr ( [ " 1 " on 1st trial ] or [ " 1 " on second trial ] or... or [ " 1 " on 8th trial ] ) = pr ( " 1 " on 1st trial ) + pr ( " 1 " on second trial ) +... + p ( " 1 " on 8th trial ) = ...	[ "A)1/24", "B)1/16", "C)1/2", "D)15/16" ]	D	First step of getting rid of 3 digits of containing zeros is right: we are left with 4 digit number each of which can be one of 8 digit (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 as 0 is already used in first three and 1 is not used). Next step: total number of combinations possible 8^, combinations with NO PRIME 4^4, P(no prime)=4^4/8^4=1/2^4 ...
mmlu_aux_7018	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> a raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products. as feedstock, the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are...	[ "degraded during the process", "man made before the process", "a required during production like labor and capital", "only used in the final phase" ]	C	null
arc_challenge_1021	arc_challenge	<ctx> , if you oiled the concrete you would find it to be easier to get the crate started and keep it going ( as you might expect ). figure 5. 2 is a crude pictorial representation of how friction occurs at the interface between two objects. close - up inspection of these surfaces shows them to be rough. so when you pu...	[ "frictional forces slowing down a rolling soccer ball", "the magnetic force pulling paper clips to a powerful electromagnet", "the magnetic force pushing two magnets apart", "the force of gravity acting on raindrops that fall to Earth" ]	A
aquarat_12041	aquarat	<ctx> \| align = " center " \| 87 \| align = " center " \| — \| align = " center " \| — \| align = " center " \| 1 \| \| rowspan = " 3 " \| go figure \| - \| " political ( go figure version ) " \| align = " center " \| 70 \| align = " center " \| — \| align = " center " \| — \| align = " center " \| 4 \| \| - \| rowspan = " 1 " \| 1992 \| " spo...	[ "A)30", "B)40", "C)60", "D)80" ]	C	There are three boys. The first boy can sit in any of the five chairs (5 ways). 5 Now there are 4 chairs remaining. The second boy can sit in any of the four chairs (4 ways). 5 4 Now there are 3 chairs remaining. The third boy can sit in any of the three chairs (3 ways). 5 4 3 Hence, total number of ways in which 3 boy...
mmlu_aux_3088	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> bats have a high thermal conductivity. the wings are filled with blood vessels, and lose body heat when extended. at rest, they may wrap their wings around themselves to trap a layer of warm air. smaller bats generally have a higher metabolic rate than larger bats, and so need to consume more food in order to mai...	[ "Their flying skills are controversial.", "Their flight behavior is hard to understand.", "They're not the most skilled in flying.", "They're primarily active at night." ]	D	null
arc_easy_1808	arc_easy	<ctx> bedfordshire and buckinghamshire – it is referred to as the woburn sands formation. in oxfordshire it is known as the faringdon sand. in north wiltshire as the calne sands formation and in parts of wiltshire, oxfordshire and buckinghamshire as the seend ironstone formation. engineering geology the lower greensand...	[ "a low hill", "a plain", "a mountain", "a basin" ]	C
aquarat_19855	aquarat	<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...	[ "A)s. 650", "B)s. 690", "C)s. 698", "D)s. 728" ]	D	S.I. for 1 year = Rs. (844 - 815) = Rs. 29. S.I. for 3 years = Rs.(29 x 3) = Rs. 87. Principal = Rs. (815 - 87) = Rs. 728. Answer: Option D
medmcqa_4149	medmcqa	<ctx> tourette syndrome or tourette's syndrome ( abbreviated as ts or tourette's ) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. it is characterized by multiple movement ( motor ) tics and at least one vocal ( phonic ) tic. common tics are blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing...	[ "Rotor syndrome", "Dubin johnson syndrome", "Crigler Najjar syndrome type I", "Crigler Najjar syndrome type II" ]	D	Crigler najjar syndrome type II is also known as arias syndrome, is a hereditary disorder of bilirubin metabolism characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to reduced and inducible activity of hepatic bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase (GT). There is paial deficiency of bilirubin uridine diphosphate (UDP) glu...
qasc_6782	qasc	<ctx> ##um ), douglas - fir ( pseudotsuga menziesii ), sitka spruce ( picea sitchensis ), and the tallest trees of the southern hemisphere, eucalyptus regnans and e. globulus. he currently teaches courses in general botany, lichens and bryophytes, and forest canopy ecology at humboldt state university. research early s...	[ "trees", "h2o", "softwoods", "orchids" ]	C
mmlu_aux_4464	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> the 215th meeting of the american astronomical society ( aas ) took place in washington, d. c., jan. 3 to jan. 7, 2010. it is one of the largest astronomy meetings ever to take place as 3, 500 astronomers and researchers were expected to attend and give more than 2, 200 scientific presentations. the meeting was a...	[ "study why planets change orbits after forming", "understand how planets move around their stars", "answer questions about the age of stars and planets", "know the relationship between planets and their stars" ]	D	null
aquarat_8962	aquarat	<ctx> in mathematics an even integer, that is, a number that is divisible by 2, is called evenly even or doubly even if it is a multiple of 4, and oddly even or singly even if it is not. the former names are traditional ones, derived from ancient greek mathematics ; the latter have become common in recent decades. thes...	[ "A)two", "B)three", "C)four", "D)six" ]	C	m=2, 2, p (p is in the prime factorization since were told it is a prime number in the question) 2 4 (because of 22) 2p (because of 2 p) 4p (because of 2 * 2 * p)=C
medmcqa_7195	medmcqa	<ctx> the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. cirrhosis is often preceded by hepatitis and fatty liver ( steatosis ), independent of the cause. if the cause is removed at this stage, the changes are fully reversible. the pathological hallmark of cirrhosis is the development of scar tissue that replaces normal tissu...	[ "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Bleeding duodenal ulcer", "Oesophageal varices", "Non-cirrhotic poal fibrosis" ]	D	Answer is D (Non cirrhotic poal fibrosis): NCPF is suspected in a patient presenting with symptoms of poal hypeension with: YOUNG AGE Moderate/Large Splenomegaly NO FEATURES SUGGESTIVE OF LIVER CELL FAILURE -No Jaundice (uncommon) - No Ascitis (uncommon) - No Hepatomegaly (uncommon) - No Stigmata of liver cell failure ...
medmcqa_5536	medmcqa	<ctx> of unhealthy food purchased. on the other hand, there has been an increase in purchases of healthier products. these labels help consumers to be more health conscious about the food they are buying. many states have started to adopt policies allowing only healthier drinks such as milk and water. in general, the a...	[ "20", "25", "30", "18" ]	C	Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index:Defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2BMIWeight status< 18.5 Underweight18.5-24.9 Healthy25.0-29.9Overweight>= 30.0Obese30.00-34.99 Obese class I35.00-39.99 Obese class II>= 40 Obese class IIIRef: Harrison's 18/e p608...
medmcqa_7616	medmcqa	<ctx> of the name, a working concept of sub - species grouping can be useful, because in the absence of cheap and widespread genetic tests, various race - linked gene mutations ( see cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance, tay – sachs disease and sickle cell anemia ) are difficult to address without recourse to a categor...	[ "Amok", "Latah", "Dhat", "Von-Gogh" ]	D	Ans is 'd' i.e. Von-Gogh * Dramatic self mutilation occurring in schizophrenia has also been called Von-Gogh syndrome.Culture-bound syndrome (folk illness)* It is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There is no obj...
medmcqa_5612	medmcqa	<ctx> mri and these features are predominantly associated with poor prognosis. the combination of more dangerous genetic alterations, histology and clinical outcomes for patients with prostate tumours which are visible on mpmri, has led to suggestions that the definition of'clinically significant cancer'should be at le...	[ "Basal-cell carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma", "Adenocarcinoma", "Melanocarcinoma" ]	A	MALIGNANT TUMOURS Basal-cell carcinoma It is the commonest malignant tumour of the lids (90%) usually seen in elderly people. It is locally malignant and involves most commonly lower lid (50%) followed by medial canthus (25%), upper lid (10-15%) and outer canthus (5-10%). Clinical features: It may present in four forms...
aquarat_42402	aquarat	<ctx> < 8 ; counter + + ) { if ( ( b & 1 )! = 0 ) { p ^ = a ; } bool hi _ bit _ set = ( a & 0x80 )! = 0 ; a < < = 1 ; if ( hi _ bit _ set ) { a ^ = 0x1b ; / * x ^ 8 + x ^ 4 + x ^ 3 + x + 1 * / } b > > = 1 ; } return p ; } private void mixcolumns ( ) { / /'s'is the main state matrix,'ss'is a temp matrix of the same dime...	[ "A)2:3:7", "B)2:3:9", "C)2:3:2", "D)2:3:6" ]	D	1/3: 1/2: 1/1 = 2:3:6 Answer:D
openbookqa_1471	openbookqa	<ctx> the overlying caldera. basically, during an eruption the magma loses more carbon dioxide than water, that in the chamber is already supersaturated. overall, water is the main volatile during an eruption. nucleation of bubbles bubble nucleation happens when the a volatile becomes saturated. actually the bubbles ar...	[ "a soft song", "a frontal lobe", "a small indent", "a movement happening" ]	D
aquarat_27238	aquarat	<ctx> the relative velocity ( also or ) is the velocity of an object or observer b in the rest frame of another object or observer a. classical mechanics in one dimension ( non - relativistic ) we begin with relative motion in the classical, ( or non - relativistic, or the newtonian approximation ) that all speeds are ...	[ "A)50", "B)99", "C)88", "D)71" ]	A	Let the length of each train be x m. Then, distance covered = 2x m. Relative speed = 46 - 36 = 10 km/hr. = 10 * 5/18 = 25/9 m/sec. 2x/36 = 25/9 => x = 50. Answer:A
medmcqa_635	medmcqa	<ctx> trigeminal nerve carries general somatic afferent fibers ( gsa ), which innervate the skin of the face via ophthalmic ( v1 ), maxillary ( v2 ) and mandibular ( v3 ) divisions. the trigeminal nerve also carries special visceral efferent ( sve ) axons, which innervate the muscles of mastication via the mandibular (...	[ "II nerve", "III nerve", "V nerve", "VI nerve" ]	B	Ans. III nerve
medmcqa_7462	medmcqa	<ctx> enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule, an " enzyme ". most enzymes are proteins, and most such processes are chemical reactions. within the enzyme, generally catalysis occurs at a localized site, called the active site. most enzymes are made predominantly of proteins, ...	[ "Succinyl thiokinase", "Phosphofructokinase", "Pyruvate kinase", "Phosphoglycerate kinase" ]	B	(Refer: Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th edition, pg no: 172 – 185) Oxidative phosphorylation The energy released as a result of biological oxidation is trapped in the form of higher energy phosphate bonds in ATP by phosphorylation of ADP.
aquarat_10254	aquarat	<ctx> formula till gate 2012 ( and year 2013 - 14 of the 2 - year validity period of gate 2013 score ), the score was calculated using the formula : gate score = where, m = marks obtained by the candidate, a = average of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero conve...	[ "A)550", "B)500", "C)600", "D)700" ]	C	Explanation: 30 % -------> 180 ( 30 * 6 = 180) 100% -------> 600 (100 * 6 = 600) Answer: Option C
aquarat_15730	aquarat	<ctx> total sales or incremental sales. pma, a marketing firm, estimated that in 2005, $ 486. 5 million worth of rebates were redeemed. the redemption rates averaged 21. 1 % when calculated as a percentage of total sales, and 67. 6 % when calculated as a percentage of incremental sales. pma notes, " these statistics re...	[ "A)10%", "B)15%", "C)20%", "D)28%" ]	D	Say a recliner is actually worth $100 If she sells 100 recliners then she earns $10000 After the discount of 20%, she will earn $80 per recliner and she sells 60% more ie.,160 recliners Hence her sales tields 16080=$12800 Increase in sales=12800-10000=$2800 So% increase = 2800100/10000 =28% D is the answer
mmlu_aux_4566	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> than the sun. however, the life of the stars which the planets orbit are so short that intelligent extraterrestrial life is not very likely. a and b type stars were surveyed for the research which involved nasa's spitzer space telescope, the two micron all - sky survey, and astronomers from the center for astroph...	[ "the star moved away from the sun", "another star happened to come near the sun", "the sun and the moon raised the tides on the earth", "a large tidal of wave travelled over the surface of the sun" ]	B	null
mmlu_aux_4535	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##s. credulity and hume's criterion are also discussed. unweaving the uncanny amazing coincidences are much more common than we may think, and sometimes, when over - interpreted, they lead to faulty conclusions. statistical significance tests can help determine which patterns are meaningful. huge cloudy symbols o...	[ "He didn't live very long with them", "He was too young when he lived with them.", "The family was extremely large", "He was fully occupied with observing nature." ]	D	null
qasc_7659	qasc	<ctx> eti ) and 3 ) dispersal of newly formed uredospores ( reproduction and sporulation ). to infect the plant, uredospores must adhere to the leaf surface which can be enhanced by the secretion of extracellular compounds. both physical and chemical cues by neutralized spore germination inhibitors induces germination ...	[ "alpacas", "insects", "humans", "wind" ]	C
medmcqa_9400	medmcqa	<ctx> the point where the laser beam enters the eye. most of the light is absorbed by melanin pigments in the pigment epithelium just behind the photoreceptors, and causes burns in the retina. ultraviolet light with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm tends to be absorbed by lens and 300 nm in the cornea, where it can prod...	[ "Retina", "Sclera", "Ciliary body", "Optic nerve" ]	C	Any trauma to the ciliary body can cause sympathetic ophthalmitis ; hence it is considered the dengerous area of the eye
aquarat_3109	aquarat	<ctx> as the sum of fractions with given numerators : calculate as,,, and so on, and write 13. anka - pasa combinatorics. 97 rules and 45 examples. generating permutations ( including of a multiset ), combinations, partitions of a number, binomial coefficients, generalized fibonacci numbers. narayana pandita noted the ...	[ "A)154,889", "B)196,889", "C)238,889", "D)250,889" ]	C	1-9=>19 digits 10-99=>290=180 (numbers between 10-99 is 90 where each has 2 digits) 100-999=>3900=2700 1000-9999=>49000 = 36,000 10000-49999=>5*40,000 = 200,000 The answer is 238,889 The answer is C.
medmcqa_7972	medmcqa	<ctx> ) epiphaniometer electrical low pressure impactor ( elpi ) aerosol particle mass - analyser ( apm ) centrifugal particle mass analyser ( cpma ) remote sensing approach remote sensing approaches include : sun photometer lidar imaging spectroscopy size selective sampling particles can deposit in the nose, mouth, ph...	[ "Nasopharyngeal swab", "Tracheal aspiration", "Cough plate culture", "Sputum culture" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nasopharyngeal swab "Culture of nasopharyngeal secretion remains the gold stadard for diagnosis of whooping cough"
aquarat_21808	aquarat	<ctx> this list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and probabilities. each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in english - speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that ...	[ "A)8", "B)4", "C)3", "D)2" ]	A	Let the second integer be x and the fourth be a. Then [3x + x + (x+2) + a]/4 =15 => 5x + 2 + a = 60 => 5x + a = 58 => a = 58 - 5x From the above equation we can see that a is minimum when x is maximum, provided both are positive The maximum value that x can take in the above equation while still keeping a positive is x...
aquarat_47775	aquarat	<ctx> ##2 compare. employee. numbers. go to compute. pay when detail employno 01013 is equal to master employno, low. detail when detail 01014 employno is less than master employno. 01015 high. detail. move'm'to master errorcode, file master in 01016 error. file. 01017 get master, at end do end. of. masters. 01018 go t...	[ "A)Rs.200", "B)Rs.250", "C)Rs.350", "D)Rs.370" ]	B	Let the amount paid to A per week = x and the amount paid to B per week = y Then x + y = 550 But x = 120% of y = 120y/100 = 12y/10 ∴12y/10 + y = 550 ⇒ y[12/10 + 1] = 550 ⇒ 22y/10 = 550 ⇒ 22y = 5500 ⇒ y = 5500/22 = 500/2 = Rs.250 B)
aquarat_9313	aquarat	<ctx> the relative velocity ( also or ) is the velocity of an object or observer b in the rest frame of another object or observer a. classical mechanics in one dimension ( non - relativistic ) we begin with relative motion in the classical, ( or non - relativistic, or the newtonian approximation ) that all speeds are ...	[ "A)288", "B)468", "C)877", "D)278" ]	B	1h ----- 5 ? ------ 60 12 h RS = 18 + 21 = 39 T = 12 D = 39 * 12 = 468 Answer: B
medmcqa_2087	medmcqa	<ctx> 21. 5 uses of radioisotopes 55. how can a radioactive nuclide be used to show that the equilibrium : is a dynamic equilibrium? 56. technetium - 99m has a half - life of 6. 01 hours. if a patient injected with technetium - 99m is safe to leave the hospital once 75 % of the dose has decayed, when is the patient all...	[ "Antibody to thyroid globulin", "Antibody to thyroid cell receptors", "Antibody to thyroxine", "Antibody to thyroid cells" ]	B	Answer is option 2, antibody to thyroid receptors. Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) antibodies that stimulate the thyroid (TSAb) cause Graves' hypehyroidism and TSHR antibodies which block thyrotropin action (TBAb) are occasionally responsible for hypothyroidism. Unusual patients switch from TSAb to TBAb (or vice versa) wit...
aquarat_4977	aquarat	<ctx> the origins. third generations girls that are born human but have reyvateil abilities awakening at a later point in their life, which are always the result of the union between a human and a reyvateils, and have a rather relative low probability of awakening. strictly speaking, since they are just humans that wer...	[ "A)2 years 7 months", "B)3 years 2 months", "C)3 years 5 months", "D)3 years 7 months" ]	D	Ratio of the present age of souju and tharak =6:4 Let present age of Souju =6x Present age of Tharak =4x After 3 years, ratio of their ages =12:9 ⇒(6x+3):(4x+3)=12:9 ⇒9(6x+3)=12(4x+3) ⇒54x+27=44x+36 ⇒10x=36−27=9 =>x=9/10=0.9 Tharak's present age =4x=4*0.9=3.6=3 years 7 months ANSWER:D
openbookqa_2367	openbookqa	<ctx> its angular momentum is to the woman's left. suppose the person holding the wheel tries to rotate it as in the figure. her natural expectation is that the wheel will rotate in the direction she pushes it — but what happens is quite different. the forces exerted create a torque that is horizontal toward the person...	[ "a lightshow", "new tires", "kinetic motion", "extra weight" ]	C
qasc_2857	qasc	<ctx> short - lived climatic shift between 2200 and 2100 bce occurred in the region between tibet and iceland, with some evidence suggesting a global change. the result was a cooling and reduction in precipitation. this is believed to be a primary cause of the collapse of the old kingdom of egypt. satellite and balloon...	[ "electromagnetic energy", "a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun", "The movement of tectonic plates.", "Greenhouse gases" ]	C
medmcqa_9668	medmcqa	<ctx> a potential therapeutic target in the aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. proc natl acad sci u s a. 2014 ; mar ; 111 ( 11 ) : 4233 – 4238. yip l, wharry li, armstrong mj, silbermann a, mccoy kl, stang mt, ohori np, lebeau so, coyne c, nikiforova mn, bauman je, johnson jt, tublin me, hodak sp, nikiforov ye, carty ...	[ "THR-Ab", "Lined by columnar epithelium", "Diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid", "Common in female" ]	D	Ans. is 'd' i.e. Common in female A solitary thyroid nodule is a palpably discrete swelling within an otherwise apparently normal thyroid gland. Ceain imp. points about solitary thyroid nodules : STN are more common in women than in men The incidence of STN increases with age Solitary nodules, in general, are more like...
medmcqa_5648	medmcqa	<ctx> is unique amongst bach's organ chorales. following baroque convention, bach notated the triplets in the accompaniment as quavers instead of crotchets, to make the score more readable for the organist. the accompaniment also has repeated crotchets on the single note of a, which, combined with the a's in the main c...	[ "Present in constrictive pericariditis", "Absent in aoic aneurysm", "Absent in MS", "Present in cardiac yamponade" ]	C	The third hea sound (S 3 ) occurs during the rapid filling phaseof ventricular diastole. It can be a normal finding in children,adolescents, and young adults; however, in older patients it signifieshea failure. A left-sided S 3 is a low-pitched sound best heard overthe left ventricular (LV) apex. A right-sided S 3 is u...
medmcqa_2021	medmcqa	<ctx> is also expressed in the stomach, colon, kidneys, and lymph nodes. newborns do not express sd ( a ) on their red cells until about 10 weeks after birth ( although they do express the antigen in their bodily fluids ), and expression of sd ( a ) antigen on red blood cells often decreases during pregnancy. clinical ...	[ "Stability", "Altered function", "Decreased oxygen carrying capacity", "Protective against adult malaria" ]	D	HbA/S heterozygotes (sickle cell trait) have a sixfold reduction in the risk of dying from severe falciparum malaria. This decrease in risk appears to be related to impaired parasite growth at low oxygen tensions and reduced parasitized red cell cytoadherence. Parasite multiplication in HbA/E heterozygotes is reduced a...
aquarat_34870	aquarat	<ctx> the infinite series whose terms are the natural numbers is a divergent series. the nth partial sum of the series is the triangular number which increases without bound as n goes to infinity. because the sequence of partial sums fails to converge to a finite limit, the series does not have a sum. although the seri...	[ "A)26", "B)29", "C)35", "D)40" ]	A	Ans: A Solution: we are not certain how many 2 or 24 are there. but as given sum of all the terms B is 124 means 245= 120 so number of 24 can't be more than 5 so 24x +2y = 124 245 + 2y =124 then y=2 244 + 2y = 124 then y=14 243 +2y = 124 then y= 26 24*2 +2y =124 then y = 38 24 +2y = 124 then y= 50 26 is the ans.A
arc_challenge_42	arc_challenge	<ctx> concludes that the'freshwater use'boundary should be renamed to the'freshwater change ', composed of " green " and " blue " water components.'green water'refers to disturbances of terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture. water scarcity can have substantial effects in agriculture. when measuring a...	[ "in an estuary", "in an open ocean", "at an intertidal zone", "at a hydrothermal vent" ]	A
medmcqa_9732	medmcqa	<ctx> to be cut for transmission electron microscopy. a thin layer of epoxy resin is applied, covering the acetate and spreading onto the slide. this will serve to attach the preparation to the slide once the underlying acetate has been dissolved. a glass plate is greased, and the smooth side of a peel pressed down ont...	[ "Radical trachelectomy", "Partial hysterectomy", "Large loop excision of transformation zone", "Dilatation and curettage" ]	C	This is LLETZ: Diathermy wire loop is used to remove a portion of Cervix that includes transformation zone with area of CIN.

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