id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_1233 | medmcqa | <ctx>
additional importance is determining the number of items on the entire test or measure itself. the typical recommendation as noted by zumbo ( 1999 ) is to have a minimum of 20 items. the reasoning for a minimum of 20 items directly relates to the formation of matching criteria. as noted in earlier sections, a tot... | [
"S. bilirubin",
"S. creatinine",
"Prothrombin time",
"Serum albumin"
] | D | Serum albumin is not a part of MELD SCORE.
It is a part of child - pugh classification. |
medmcqa_7033 | medmcqa | <ctx>
hold briefly before letting them drift apart. be aware of the change. squeeze buttocks together, hold before letting go. pull in stomach muscles towards the spine, hold briefly before releasing. feel the difference. gently pull shoulders towards ears, enough to feel some tension in them, hold briefly before letti... | [
"Pancuronium",
"Atracurium",
"Rocuronium",
"Vecuronium"
] | B | B i.e. Atracurium You might be thinking that this Q has never been asked, but think a while and try to understand that around which concept the Q is based. In other words, they are trying to ask that which muscle relaxant will not require reversal? I think now you need no explanation - In pancuronium reversal is often ... |
medmcqa_5173 | medmcqa | <ctx>
ceramic or applied onto the surface. glazing glazing is required to produce a smooth surface and it's the last stage of sealing the surface as it will fill porous areas and prevent wear on opposing teeth. glazing can be achieved by re - firing the restoration, which fuses outer layers of the ceramic, or by using ... | [
"Hypoplastic teeth",
"Excessive horizontal overlap",
"Decay is extensive but pulp is vital",
"Excessive vertical overlap with little horizontal overlap"
] | D | |
aquarat_4909 | aquarat | <ctx>
then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops?
a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : • x = 5 • 3 * x - 5 • 3 * ( x - 5 ) • x • type ( 1 ) • type ('1')
in a list of 4 elements, can also be used in place of - 1 here.
2 table 5. 1 using the range ( ) function. example 5. 2 ... | [
"A)1",
"B)255",
"C)345",
"D)445"
] | A | 1=5,2=25,3=253,4=254,5=?
5=1
check the first eqn.
ANSWER:A |
pubmedqa_958 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
patient's coagulation status. in many cases it will not be needed, unless the patient presents a ptt inferior to 160 seconds. in patients with normal values, a bolus of 5000 to 10000 iu of heparin could be administered at the commencement of the treatment, followed by a continuous perfusion, to keep ptt in ratios... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
qasc_1421 | qasc | <ctx>
bacteria is well understood because of the thousands of completely sequenced bacterial genomes available. genetic changes may lead to both increases or decreases of genomic complexity due to adaptive genome streamlining and purifying selection. in general, free - living bacteria have evolved larger genomes with m... | [
"voltage",
"disease",
"Epidermis",
"Mitosis"
] | D | |
openbookqa_509 | openbookqa | <ctx>
may experience range - shifts in response to physiologic changes, outcomes are species - specific and not reliable in all organisms. as water temperatures increase, it is organisms that inhibit warmer waters that are positively affected, while cold - water organisms are negatively affected. warmer temperature als... | [
"it can cause hypothermia",
"it will stick to metal surfaces",
"it can freeze solids",
"it can turn ice into a puddle faster"
] | D | |
pubmedqa_356 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
##ge, d. tweedy, j. r., & ricker, j. ( 1967 ). selective attention : incentive variables and choice time. psychonomic science, 8, 341 – 342. laberge, d., van gelder, p., & yellott, j. ( 1970 ) a cueing technique in choice reaction time. perception and psychophysics, 7, 57 – 62. laberge, d. ( 1973a ) attention and... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
qasc_1994 | qasc | <ctx>
as seen on g banding, which is the appearance of the chromosomes after treatment with trypsin ( to partially digest the chromosomes ) and staining with giemsa stain. compared to darker regions, the lighter regions are generally more transcriptionally active, with a greater ratio of coding dna versus non - coding ... | [
"seeds",
"blood stream",
"cell",
"DNA chain"
] | D | |
pubmedqa_534 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
to the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves ). tractography is a useful tool for measuring deficits in white matter, such as in aging. its estimation of fiber orientation and strength is increasingly accurate, and it has widespread potential implications in the fields of cognitive neuroscience and neurobiology. ... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
qasc_577 | qasc | <ctx>
electromethanogenesis is a form of electrofuel production where methane is produced by direct biological conversion of electrical current and carbon dioxide. methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of... | [
"sunlight",
"electricity",
"vehicles",
"chemical energy"
] | B | |
openbookqa_3293 | openbookqa | <ctx>
that break down large food molecules before absorbing them through their cell membranes. many fungi are also saprobes, feeding on dead organic matter, making them important decomposers in ecological systems. animals are multicellular eukaryotes. with few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxyge... | [
"reproduce",
"wither away",
"petrify",
"regenerate"
] | B | |
medmcqa_9548 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##solithic layers. further findings are dated between 13, 500 and 12, 600 bc. eneolithic layers account for non - permanent human occupation of the cave, attributed to the hvar culture. this period is immediately being followed by a compact layer of the bronze age. the archeological finds are on display at the ce... | [
"Lower end of femur",
"Calcaneum",
"Upper end tibia",
"All"
] | D | A i.e., Lower end femur B i.e., Calcaneum C i.e., Upper end tibia |
mmlu_aux_5070 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
and for 4. 4 gev, 1. 7 m in air, and 1. 4 mm in carbon. special relativity predicts that the speed of light in vacuum is independent of the velocity of the source emitting it. this widely believed prediction has been occasionally tested using astronomical observations. for example, in a binary star system, the tw... | [
"you can hear the sound before you see the smoke",
"the sound does not travel as fast as light",
"the sound will reach you before the man fires",
"sound travels about a million times faster than light"
] | B | null |
mmlu_aux_2751 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind, even if the wind turbines are placed over water. the oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable... | [
"shorten its journey to thousands of homes",
"build more small power stations on the oceans",
"reduce the cost of turning it into electric power",
"quicken the steps of producing electricity"
] | C | null |
aquarat_35797 | aquarat | <ctx>
area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. the area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three - dimensional object. area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thic... | [
"A)143600 m",
"B)145600 m",
"C)153600 m",
"D)154354 m"
] | C | Perimeter = Distance covered in 8 min. = 12000 x 8 m = 1600 m.
60
Let length = 3x metres and breadth = 2x metres.
Then, 2(3x + 2x) = 1600 or x = 160.
Length = 480 m and Breadth = 320 m.
Area = (480 x 320) m2 = 153600 m
C |
arc_easy_1720 | arc_easy | <ctx>
vibration ( ) is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely ( e. g. the periodic motion of a pendulum ), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically ( e. g. the movement of a ... | [
"gas",
"light",
"sound",
"shadows"
] | C | |
aquarat_31436 | aquarat | <ctx>
balance a little bit on the last run and i couldn ’ t make much time once we got going. " truex pitted on lap 299 and handed the lead to paul menard. he pitted on lap 302 and the lead cycled back to truex. carl edwards was tagged for speeding and was forced to serve a pass - through penalty. he was tagged for spe... | [
"A) 191",
"B) 355",
"C) 737",
"D) 846"
] | D | Let weight of side of beef before processing = x
(65/100)*x = 550
=> x = (550 * 100)/65 = 846
Answer D |
mmlu_aux_4614 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small solar system body ( or sometimes another natural satellite ). natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the moon of earth. in the solar system, there are six planet... | [
"One.",
"Four.",
"Three.",
"Two."
] | A | null |
medmcqa_6671 | medmcqa | <ctx>
implicated in the development of diabetic foot ulcers are infection, older age, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, cigarette smoking, poor glycemic control, previous foot ulcerations or amputations, and ischemia of small and large blood vessels. prior history of foot disease, foot deformities that ... | [
"SLE",
"Syringomyelia",
"Mononeuritis multiplex",
"Diabetes mellitus"
] | B | Syringomyelia is associated with Arnold Chiari malformation type 1 IOC: - MRI spine |
medmcqa_5320 | medmcqa | <ctx>
alumino fluorosilicate powder, which upon reaction with a polyalkenoic acid gives a glass polyalkenoate - glass residue set in an ionised, polycarboxylate matrix. the acid base setting reaction begins with the mixing of the components. the first phase of the reaction involves dissolution. the acid begins to attac... | [
"1 week",
"2 week",
"4 week",
"12 week"
] | A | |
medmcqa_4973 | medmcqa | <ctx>
six days after the death of mike santangelo, the writer for the ticker and the news corp. building zipper directly above the fnc studios. no return date has been mentioned. cnn cnn launched its own ticker to relay updates on the aftermath of the september 11 attacks, at 11 : 11am et, less than a half - hour after... | [
"Esophageal carcinoma",
"Pyloric hyperophy",
"Achalasia cardia",
"Inguinal hernia"
] | C | Ans. C: Achalasia cardia Achalasia is associated with loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. These impoant inhibitory neurons induce LES relaxation and coordinate proximal-to-distal peristaltic contraction of the esophagus Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower es... |
aquarat_7471 | aquarat | <ctx>
where is an arbitrary point of the plane. c. find parametric equations of the line passing through the origin that is perpendicular to the plane passing through 281. and 282. and 283. consider the planes of equations and a. show that the planes intersect. b. find symmetric equations of the line passing through po... | [
"A)-4/3",
"B)1/4",
"C)-4",
"D)3/4"
] | A | The equation of line m is y=-4x+e. Now, since line n is perpendicular to line m, then its slope is negative reciprocal of the slope of line m, so the slope of n is 1/4. Next, as line n passes through the origin (0, 0) and has the slope of 1/4 then its equation is y=1/4*x.
Point (r, r+1) lies on line n means that (r+1)=... |
mmlu_aux_4619 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
bats have a high thermal conductivity. the wings are filled with blood vessels, and lose body heat when extended. at rest, they may wrap their wings around themselves to trap a layer of warm air. smaller bats generally have a higher metabolic rate than larger bats, and so need to consume more food in order to mai... | [
"ears",
"eyes",
"mouth",
"nose"
] | A | null |
openbookqa_1520 | openbookqa | <ctx>
. and casper, g. s. ( eds. ), investigating amphibian declines : proceedings of the 1998 midwest conference on declining amphibians. university of iowa press, pp. 86 – 89. johnson, p. t. j. and s. r. carpenter ( 2008 ). influence of eutrophication on disease in aquatic ecosystems : patterns, processes, and predic... | [
"adapt",
"melt",
"drown",
"sink"
] | A | |
aquarat_24082 | aquarat | <ctx>
- based pay is a common pay structure for owner - operators signed on to haul freight for specific companies. in this type of pay structure, owner - operators are paid a percentage of the gross load revenue. this percentage varies depending on the services provided by the company. for example, an owner - operator... | [
"A)36",
"B)40",
"C)44",
"D)48"
] | C | For 40 hrs = 40*16=640
Excess = 752-640=112
For extra hours =.75(16)=12+16=28
Number of extra hrs =112/28=28/7=4
Total hrs =40+4=44
Answer C 44 |
qasc_7011 | qasc | <ctx>
, may cause flow oscillations, slugging in two - phase flow, cavitation ; may increase flow velocity elsewhere, may induce vibrations, may cause flow blockage ; ship hulls – creates additional drag, increases fuel usage, reduces maximum speed ; turbines – reduces efficiency, increases probability of failure ; sol... | [
"flooding",
"Dehydration",
"depositon",
"Pollution"
] | C | |
arc_easy_573 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in geology, rock ( or stone ) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. it is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. rocks form the earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the ... | [
"sedimentary",
"foliated",
"metamorphic",
"volcanic"
] | A | |
qasc_5183 | qasc | <ctx>
parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. as a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. this means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fi... | [
"kill them",
"remove",
"die",
"migrate"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_4107 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
rescued python could have escaped from its enclosure, when it was young, 4 to 5 years ago. when the workers tried to take the reptile, it bit one of the animal keepers, but since it was a non - poisonous one, the animal keeper was not harmed fatally and was provided treatment for the injury. the reptile was feedi... | [
"A Tiger and Its Food.",
"How Do Tiger Kill Porcupines?",
"What Can Cause a Tiger to Become a Man-eater?",
"A Porcupine."
] | A | null |
aquarat_23653 | aquarat | <ctx>
who chooses to participate in a competition takes an " individual " test that corresponds to his or her level of competition. all competitions include this feature. most individual tests consist of 30 multiple - choice questions ( not including tie - breakers ), a - e, where answer choice " e " is " none of the a... | [
"A)10",
"B)19",
"C)20",
"D)21"
] | A | From right 6 , From left 5
Total = 6+5-1 = 10
ANSWER:A |
aquarat_28898 | aquarat | <ctx>
proportional item allocation is a fair item allocation problem, in which the fairness criterion is proportionality - each agent should receive a bundle that they value at least as much as 1 / n of the entire allocation, where n is the number of agents. since the items are indivisible, a proportional assignment ma... | [
"A)A)8239",
"B)B)2900",
"C)C)1000",
"D)D)2393"
] | C | Let the shares of A, B, C and D be 5x, 2x, 4x and 3x Rs. respectively.
Then, 4x - 3x = 500 => x = 500.
B's share = Rs. 2x = 2 * 500 = Rs. 1000.
Answer: C |
medmcqa_3574 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a potential therapeutic target in the aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. proc natl acad sci u s a. 2014 ; mar ; 111 ( 11 ) : 4233 – 4238. yip l, wharry li, armstrong mj, silbermann a, mccoy kl, stang mt, ohori np, lebeau so, coyne c, nikiforova mn, bauman je, johnson jt, tublin me, hodak sp, nikiforov ye, carty ... | [
"acd",
"bde",
"ade",
"ad"
] | C | About option 'e' Schwartz writes:
"On gross inspection, anaplastic tumors are firm and whitish in appearance. Microscopically, sheets of cells with marked heterogeneity are seen. Cells may be spindle-shaped, polygonal, or large, multinucleated cells. Foci of more differentiated thyroid tumors, either follicular or papi... |
mmlu_aux_5278 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
chang'e 1 ( ; ) was an uncrewed chinese lunar - orbiting spacecraft, part of the first phase of the chinese lunar exploration program. the spacecraft was named after the chinese moon goddess, chang'e. chang'e 1 was launched on 24 october 2007 at 10 : 05 : 04 utc from xichang satellite launch center. it left lunar... | [
"Three",
"Two",
"One",
"None"
] | A | null |
aquarat_8444 | aquarat | <ctx>
a. run the algorithm until either one of the remaining pointers points to b or c, whichever occurs first. then the algorithm will run until the last pointer points to the remaining term, giving the affirmative solution. variants non - zero sum instead of looking for numbers whose sum is 0, it is possible to look ... | [
"A)51",
"B)50",
"C)58",
"D)54"
] | D | 3 consecutive numbers can be a - 1, a, a + 1
So sum of numbers = 3a = 162.
Hence a = 54.
D |
medmcqa_3593 | medmcqa | <ctx>
allowed to penetrate the cochlea. withdrawal from drugs such as benzodiazepines had been known to cause tonic tensor tympani syndrome ( ttts ) during withdrawal. the tympanic reflex will also activate when loud vibrations are generated by the person themselves. the tensor tympani can often be observed vibrating w... | [
"Tracheal foreign body",
"Bronchial foregion body",
"Laryngeal foreign body",
"None"
] | A | A foreign body in trachea may move up and down the trachea between the carnia and the undersurface of vocal cords causing "audible slap" and "palpatory thud." |
qasc_4801 | qasc | <ctx>
##tive corrosion of iron to form iron ( iii ) oxyhydroxides ( ordinary brown rust ). the green rust may be formed either directly from metallic iron or from iron ( ii ) hydroxide ( ) 2. soil on the basis of mossbauer spectroscopic analysis, green rust minerals are suspected to occur as minerals in certain bluish ... | [
"iron",
"Urea",
"Gases",
"red stones"
] | A | |
aquarat_44978 | aquarat | <ctx>
women ’ s boutique apparel 40000 20000 branch 8 designer & fashion sunglasses 55000 27500 table 2. 5 retail company sales and profits 2. 4 • data cleaning and preprocessing 83 solution using the normalization formula, the maximum sale is $ 55, 000, and the minimum sale is $ 15, 000, as shown in table 2. 6. branch... | [
"A)30.05%",
"B)13.15%",
"C)40%",
"D)27.15%"
] | D | The total CP = Rs. 16000 + Rs. 8500 = Rs. 24500 and SP = Rs. 31150
Profit(%) = (31150 - 24500 )/24500* 100 = 27.15%
ANSWER:D |
medmcqa_5268 | medmcqa | <ctx>
at the mechanisms of host - pathogen interactions. workflow cite - seq, like any other sequencing technique, has a wet lab portion, where the actual antibodies are prepared, cells stained, cdna synthesized and rna libraries are prepared that are further sequenced, and a dry lab portion for analysis of the sequenc... | [
"Guinea pig",
"Rabbit",
"Rat",
"Horse"
] | D | AntiseraIs a material prepared in animalsPassive immunization was achieved by the administration of antisera or antitoxins prepared from horsesAdministration of antisera give rise to serum sickness and anaphylactic shock(Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, pg no:112) |
aquarat_13493 | aquarat | <ctx>
inches? 67. is a 197 - lb weight lifter light enough to compete in a class limited to those weighing 90 kg or less? 68. a very good 197 - lb weight lifter lifted 192 kg in a move called the clean and jerk. what was the mass of the weight lifted in pounds? 69. many medical laboratory tests are run using 5. 0 μl bl... | [
"A) 200",
"B) 84",
"C) 40",
"D) 28"
] | A | Almonds : Walnuts = 5 : 2
Total mixture has 7 parts
In a 280 pound mixture, Almonds are 5/7 (total mixture)
= 5/7 * 280 = 200 pounds
Answer (A) |
qasc_1113 | qasc | <ctx>
respiration, or movement, or in the physiology of a certain area or system of the organism. biophysicists use experimental methods traditionally employed in physics to answer biological questions. computational biologists apply the techniques of computer science, applied mathematics and statistics to address biol... | [
"plant life",
"monkeys",
"geography",
"Movement"
] | B | |
openbookqa_263 | openbookqa | <ctx>
blood to flow through the rest of the body.
consequences follow from this law : 1. in living organisms, no process can occur continuously, but must alternate with the opposite direction : inhalation with exhalation, work with rest, wakefulness with sleep, synthesis with cleavage, etc. 2. the state of a living or... | [
"deal with gas",
"Talk for hours",
"Thinking",
"Running"
] | A | |
aquarat_29183 | aquarat | <ctx>
and coaches can be key tools in persuading people out of their cars and onto public transport. " the organisers of the 2012 summer olympics aimed to get 100 % of people to the venues by public transport or other non - car modes ( cycling / walking ) with around 10 per cent of spectators arriving by bus and coach.... | [
"A)7:30 a.m",
"B)5:50 a.m",
"C)7:50 a.m",
"D)6:50 a.m"
] | A | The time it takes David to get to work: time to walk to car park + time to drive
30 + 60 = 90 minutes = 1 hour and 30 minutes
David needs to get out of the house 1 hour and 30 minutes before 9:00 am at
9:00 - 1:30 = 7:30 a.m
correct answer A |
arc_easy_1268 | arc_easy | <ctx>
from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the earth as part of subduction. plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the earth is resurfaced. as the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithospher... | [
"mid-ocean ridges",
"desert sand dunes",
"U-shaped valleys",
"continental shelves"
] | A | |
openbookqa_844 | openbookqa | <ctx>
north, causing damage in 26 american states as well as in canada and leading to more than 300 deaths. hailstorms hail is precipitation in the form of ice that does not melt before it hits the ground. hailstorms are produced by thunderstorms. hailstones usually measure between in diameter. these can damage the loc... | [
"potentially dangerous",
"poison",
"hot",
"unhealthy"
] | A | |
aquarat_180 | aquarat | <ctx>
the range of, they exhibit reduced deviations caused by gravitational orientation changes. as a result, errors caused by spatial orientation and positioning become less of a concern. inhibition compensation many inexpensive quartz clocks and watches use a rating and compensation technique known as inhibition comp... | [
"A)2 p.m. on Tuesday",
"B)2 p.m. on Wednesday",
"C)3 p.m. on Thursday",
"D)1 p.m. on Friday"
] | B | Solution
Time from 12 p.m. on Monday to 2 p.m. on the following Monday = 7 days 2 hours.
=170 hours.
The watch gains = (2 + 4 x4/5)min
= 34 / 5 min.in 170 hrs.
Now,34/5 min are gained in 170 hrs.
2 min are gained in(170x 5/34 x2)hrs.
Watch is correct 2 days 2 hrs. after 12 p.m. on Monday i.e., it will be correct at 2 p... |
medmcqa_3192 | medmcqa | <ctx>
to match the physiological concentration. if you purchase 25 ml of contact lens saline solution, how many grams of sodium chloride have you bought?
anticoagulant when a blood sample is drawn for laboratory tests because it removes the calcium as a precipitate of cac2o4 · h2o. it is necessary to remove all but 1.... | [
"normal saline 0.9% is most suitable to treat acute severe hyponatremia",
"fluid of choice for head injury patient",
"fluid of choice for hypovolemic shock",
"lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis"
] | A | NaCl Is preferred in conditions in which increased plasma sodium is beneficial e.g traumatic brain injury Not suitable for treatment of acute severe hyponatremia as it has little effect on plasma sodium levels When infused > 30ml/kg/hr may lead to hyperchloremic acidosis |
mmlu_aux_3562 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
pain affects dominance hierarchy in male but not female mice ; and, male but not female mice and humans display classically conditioned pain hypersensitivity. development of rodent " grimace scale " for the past century, the measurement of pain in rodent biomedical research was considered complicated and imprecis... | [
"6",
"18",
"24",
"30"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_7640 | medmcqa | <ctx>
99 – 159. robert k. crane. " digestion and absorption : water - soluble organics ". international review of physiology, gastrointestinal physiology ii, vol. 12, robert k. crane, ed., university park press, 1977, pp. 325 – 365. robert k. crane. " intestinal structure and function related to toxicity ". environment... | [
"Glucose",
"HCO3",
"Urea",
"Uric acid"
] | C | Urea is a toxic waste product and it reabsorbed in minimal level.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no: 678 |
arc_easy_805 | arc_easy | <ctx>
galactic astronomy is the study of the milky way galaxy and all its contents. this is in contrast to extragalactic astronomy, which is the study of everything outside our galaxy, including all other galaxies. galactic astronomy should not be confused with galaxy formation and evolution, which is the general study... | [
"clouds of hot gas",
"large numbers of stars",
"high energy compounds",
"extremely reflective ice particles"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_4989 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##orus betulinus ). ancient peoples have used fungi as food sources — often unknowingly — for millennia, in the preparation of leavened bread and fermented juices. some of the oldest written records contain references to the destruction of crops that were probably caused by pathogenic fungi. history mycology beca... | [
"it is unfit for main food",
"it may be dangerous to people",
"it doesn't taste so good",
"it's strange smell may do harm to people"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_730 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying dna, and various techniques for pcr optimization which have been developed by molecular biologists to improve pcr performance and minimize failure. contamination and pcr the pcr method is extremely sensitive, requiring ... | [
"Calcium",
"Lithium",
"Magnesium",
"Sodium"
] | C | PCR is an in vitro method for the polymerase-directed amplification of specific DNA sequences using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite strands and flank the region of interest in the target DNA. The specificity and yield in amplifying a paicular DNA fragment by PCR reaction is affected by the proper... |
arc_easy_1067 | arc_easy | <ctx>
define the truth for us. but that's often not the case. just because an idea is true doesn't mean it can be proved. and just because an idea can be proved doesn't mean it's true. when the experiments are done, we still have to choose what to believe. " steven novella also challenges lehrer's view of the decline e... | [
"All scientific discoveries are based solely on observation and never experimentation.",
"Sometimes scientific discoveries are made by accident, like the discovery of penicillin.",
"If a scientist cannot provide the exact time and place his or her discovery was made, it is dismissed.",
"All scientific discove... | B | |
mmlu_aux_7063 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
animalia ) and the protozoa, single - celled organisms no longer considered animals. in modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between taxa. humans make use of many a... | [
"survival",
"environmental growth",
"inherited characteristics",
"developmental abilities"
] | C | null |
qasc_4651 | qasc | <ctx>
- and sixth - order moments define local connectivity of coordination polyhedra ; and ( 4 ) higher moments define medium - and long - range connectivity. using the moments approach, it may be shown that anion - coordination changes in chemical reactions quantitatively correlate with the reduced enthalpy of format... | [
"moss",
"hitting it with a hammer",
"steady temperature",
"bad music"
] | A | |
medmcqa_6539 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##brous sheath at the optic disc ; not known to cause any visual disorders ; visualized as a linear, gray structure anterior to the optic disc. due to pfv ’ s close resemblance with retinoblastoma in particular, conclusively identifying pfv through advanced medical imaging is timely and crucial for an accurate di... | [
"Astrocytoma",
"Craniopharyngioma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Meningioma"
] | B | Suprasellar calcification along with the presence of visual field defects and headache suggests the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. |
arc_easy_309 | arc_easy | <ctx>
to allow it to heat up fully. boiler water treatment residential systems may use ordinary tap water, but sophisticated commercial systems often add various chemicals to the system water. for example, these added chemicals may : inhibit corrosion prevent freezing of the water in the system increase the boiling poi... | [
"chemical reaction",
"Condensation",
"A physical change",
"Evaporation"
] | A | |
aquarat_27908 | aquarat | <ctx>
10−1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )... | [
"A)13",
"B)16",
"C)27",
"D)29"
] | C | 5:3:4
Total parts = 12
12 parts --> 108
1 part ---->9
The second number of the three numbers is = 3
3 parts ----> 27
C) |
medmcqa_8220 | medmcqa | <ctx>
58 % to 68 %, with early spring receiving lower figures. d'harawal seasons the sydney basin is in the traditional lands of the dharawal people. the dharawal describe six seasons for their country which extends from the southern shores of port jackson ( sydney harbour ) to the northern shores of the shoalhaven riv... | [
"Type I hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type II hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type III hypersensitivity reaction",
"Type IV hypersensitivity reaction"
] | A | It is considered a hypersensitivity reaction to some exogenous allergen, such as grass pollens. VKC is thought to be an atopic allergic disorder in many cases, in which IgE-mediated mechanisms play an impoant role. Such patients may give personal or family history of other atopic diseases such as hay fever, asthma, or ... |
medmcqa_742 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##2 - adrenergic agonistic activity. adrenergic receptors are present in many different cells. the activation of these receptors by an agonist as amitraz generally induces a sympathetic response. this leads to an increased heart rate, dilation of the pupils, elevation of blood pressure and blood and energy supply... | [
"Beta 1 receptor",
"Beta 2 receptor",
"M2 receptor",
"Alpha 2 receptor"
] | D | Ref-KDT 6/e p146 Stimulation of Alpha 2 receptors located on ciliary epithelium reduces secretion of aqueous humor. |
aquarat_10037 | aquarat | <ctx>
, central reservation, no at - grade intersections, speed limit : 130 km / h autout ( expressway ) : 1 + 1 or more travel lanes, optionally emergency lanes and central reservation, some at - grade intersections ( only if 1 + 1 lanes ), speed limit : 110 km / h fout ( arterial road or main road ) ( with one digit ... | [
"A)10 min",
"B)15 min",
"C)12 min",
"D)8 min"
] | A | Due to stoppages, it covers 10 km less.
Time taken to cover 10 km = (10/60 x 60) min = 10 min
Answer : A |
openbookqa_528 | openbookqa | <ctx>
over a wide spectrum of different scales ( laboratory samples, mines, california earthquakes catalog ), and under different loading conditions of the system ( constant stress rate, constant strain rate ). the most puzzling observation is that the critical power - law rate acceleration is decorated by log - period... | [
"the sun shake",
"a roof shake",
"an airplane shake",
"a fish shake"
] | B | |
openbookqa_2357 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##iv. press, new york. viii + 751 - 1824 pp. feder, m. e., a. f. bennett, w. w. burggren, and r. b. huey, eds. 1987. new directions in ecological physiology. cambridge univ. press, new york. 364 pp. garland, t. jr., and p. a. carter. 1994. evolutionary physiology. annual review of physiology 56 : 579 - 621. pdf g... | [
"sustenance",
"video games",
"socks",
"doors"
] | A | |
aquarat_24626 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)48",
"B)52",
"C)38",
"D)42"
] | A | Explanation:
Here distance d = 800 mts
speed s = 63 - 3 = 60 kmph = 60 x 5/18 m/s
time t = 800x 18 / 60x 5= 48 sec.
ANSWER IS A |
arc_challenge_824 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
6. 5 • newton ’ s universal law of gravitation 249 astronauts orbiting earth. what is the effect of “ weightlessness ” upon an astronaut who is in orbit for months? or what about the effect of weightlessness upon plant growth? weightlessness doesn ’ t mean that an astronaut is not being acted upon by the gravitat... | [
"their mass",
"their height",
"their weight",
"their volume"
] | C | |
aquarat_47712 | aquarat | <ctx>
fred picks a bowl at random, and then picks a cookie at random. we may assume there is no reason to believe fred treats one bowl differently from another, likewise for the cookies. the cookie turns out to be a plain one. how probable is it that fred picked it out of bowl # 1? intuitively, it seems clear that the ... | [
"A)2",
"B)3",
"C)4",
"D)6"
] | D | 3/5 of the 175 pizzas cooked on Saturday = 105 pizzas
3/5 of the remaining pizzas on Sunday = 42 pizzas
We're left with (175-105-42) =28 pizzas for the remaining 5 days. The prompt tells us that each day has FEWER pizzas than the day before it, so we can't have duplicate numbers.
M T W TH F
8 7 6 4 3=28
W=6
D |
medmcqa_9439 | medmcqa | <ctx>
uncomfortable with not knowing if he would be fired for minor reasons. he stated, " for me it was job security, i saw a lot of people fired for no reason. every day you have to think maybe this day i'll be fired because something else happens. " lack of benefits lack of benefits was another element for the strike... | [
"Depression",
"Schizophrenia",
"OCD",
"Mania"
] | A | In this question, the details are inadequate, however among the given options the best answer is A, depression |
aquarat_1747 | aquarat | <ctx>
. g. agreement, disagreement, etc. ). based on this categorization, fisher created his " decision proposal coding system " that identifies act - response pairs associated with each decision - making phase. he observed that the group decision - making process tended to be more cyclical and, in some cases, almost e... | [
"A)2",
"B)49",
"C)50",
"D)47"
] | B | 1)there are 7 speeches in ONE topic and 7 in OTHER..
2)there is a specific order for topics, so
a) both the topics are to be spoken on- so ONE from each
b) the order does not matter since there is ONLY one specific order..
so 7C1∗7C1=7∗7=49
ANSWER:B |
pubmedqa_946 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
reliable, a demand valve system, which automatically follows user demand, but also wastes a significant part of inhaled gas on dead space, a pulse dose demand system, which wastes less gas on dead space, but relies on a relatively complex control system which introduces reliability issues, or a closed circuit sys... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4782 | medmcqa | <ctx>
manufacturing to avoid internal stress due to shrinkage. this test is also done so that adjacent pieces of lumber do not have an mc difference greater than 5 %. in order to conduct an mc check, various hand - held or on the line devices can be used. some are more accurate than others, as they check moisture conte... | [
"Incompetent os",
"Septate uterus",
"Placenta previa",
"Bad obstetrical history"
] | C | Contraindications to Circlage operation:
Intra uterine infection
Ruptured membranes
H/o vaginal bleeding
Severe uterine irritability
Cervical dilatation > 4 cm |
medmcqa_1798 | medmcqa | <ctx>
greece, italy and spain before globalization of food products in the 20th century. the diet includes relatively high consumption of fruit, vegetables, olive oil, legumes, whole grains and moderate amounts of red wine. foods with increased fat and dairy are minimally consumed. countless nutritional genomics studie... | [
"Reduction in fat intake to 20-30 percent of caloric intake",
"A decrease in complex carbohydrateconsumption",
"Consumption of saturated fats be limited to less than 10% of total energy intake",
"Reduction of cholesterol to below 100mg per 1000kcl per day"
] | B | increase in complex carbohydrate consumption that is vegetables ,fruits,legumes and whole grains |
openbookqa_2434 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. when a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. the terminal marked negative is the source of electrons... | [
"sponge",
"rock",
"stapler",
"calculator"
] | D | |
medmcqa_9629 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, supported by collateral studies, invokes the re - awakening of auto - immunity after its suppression during pregnancy, on the model of multiple sclerosis or autoimmune thyroiditis ; a related hypothesis has proposed that abnormal immune system processes ( regulatory t cell biology ) and consequent changes in my... | [
"Pseudostratification in endometrium",
"Presence of Spinnbarkeit Phenomenon in cervical mucous",
"Sudden reduction in size of follicle and free fluid in Pouch of Douglas on USG",
"Trilamilar endometrium on USG"
] | C | Endometrial biopsy Early secretory Subnuclear vacuolation (Ist HPE evidence of progesterone secretion) Seen on D16 of cycle Nuclei of glands gone up Stromal edema Late secretory Toous/ coiled glands All secretions in lumen of gland Cork screw glands( on D20 of cycle) Max stromal edema seen around D22of cycle) HPE of Pr... |
aquarat_31764 | aquarat | <ctx>
the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ... | [
"A)100",
"B)190",
"C)2987",
"D)278"
] | B | Relative speed of the thief and policeman = 11 - 10 = 1 km/hr.
Distance covered in 6 minutes = 1/60 * 6 = 1/10 km = 100 m.
Distance between the thief and policeman = 290 - 100 = 190 m.
Answer: B |
medmcqa_9215 | medmcqa | <ctx>
subsequently damaged the transplanted lungs, too. there is some evidence that supports the usefulness of the flora found in soil. it has been suggested that it is useful in the establishment of healthy bacteria within the digestive tract, addressing the problems presented by crohn's disease. the adsorbent qualiti... | [
"Staphylocoocus",
"Salmonella",
"Bacillus cereus",
"Clostridium"
] | A | Bacterium Typical food Disease Staphylococcus Custard-filled pastries; Potato, egg, tuna or fish salads Food poisoning especially vomiting Bacillus cereus Reheated rice Diarrhea Clostridium perfringens Cooked meat, stew and gravy Diarrhea E.coli Various food and water Diarrhea E.coli Undercooked meat Hemorrhagic coliti... |
medmcqa_752 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##2, and b ) inactivated ( killed ) vaccine ) or laiv ( nasal spray ( mist ) of live attenuated influenza vaccine. ) tiv works by putting into the bloodstream those parts of three strains of flu virus that the body uses to create antibodies ; while laiv works by inoculating the body with those same three strains,... | [
"Salk",
"Hepatitis B vaccine",
"17-D Vaccine",
"HDCV"
] | C | 17-D vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine used to control yellow fever. Killed vaccines are used to control typhoid, cholera, peusis, plague, rabies, salk (polio), influenza, hepatitis A, B, japanese encephaltis and KFD. Ref: Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine 20th edition page 98. |
arc_easy_1124 | arc_easy | <ctx>
regions of soil are usually not divided by a semipermeable membrane, the osmotic potential typically has a negligible influence on the mass movement of water in soils. on the other hand, osmotic potential has an extreme influence on the rate of water uptake by plants. if soils are high in soluble salts, the osmot... | [
"Water is a polar molecule.",
"Water contains an oxygen atom.",
"Water has a high surface tension.",
"Water has a high specific heat."
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_2281 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, but cases like these are empirically observed and recorded but not entirely confirmed unlike the cases mentioned above. in australia there has been one recorded case of an amethystine python attempting to consume an adult human. lizards large komodo dragons are the only known lizard species to occasionally atta... | [
"the horrors of the octopus",
"the largest octopus in the world",
"octopi and their behavior",
"the octopus's deadly hunting method"
] | C | null |
aquarat_4362 | aquarat | <ctx>
suppose we have two processes — process p1 with execution time 3 and process p2 with execution time 2. the arrival time for both process p1 and process p2 is t0. the system will start with process p1 at t0 and finish at t3 and process p2 will start at time t3 to time t5, as shown in figure 6. 22. the wait time fo... | [
"A)24 days.",
"B)22days.",
"C)34 days.",
"D)40 days."
] | A | If X can complete a work in x days and Y can complete the same work in y days, then, both
of them together can complete the work in x y/ x+ y days
Therefore, here, the required number of days = 120× 30/ 150 = 24 days.
A) |
mmlu_aux_7222 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
atmospheric optics is " the study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes.... [ including ] temporal and spatial resolutions beyond those discernible with the naked eye ". meteorological optics is " that part of atmospheric optics concerned with the study of patterns ... | [
"three times a day",
"seven times a week",
"six times a week",
"twenty-nine times a month"
] | B | null |
aquarat_38406 | aquarat | <ctx>
out : solving for, we find that 5. 10
the integral inequality if, in addition, the function is non - negative or the function is continuous for and the function is integrable with respect to in the sense that then satisfies gronwall's inequality for all, where denotes to open interval. remarks there are no conti... | [
"A) 2 < x < 16",
"B) 2 <= x < 4",
"C) 2 < x <= 8",
"D) 8 < x <= 9"
] | D | Solution:
Let’s isolate x in both inequalities, starting with x + 2 > 10.
x + 2 > 10
x > 8
Next we isolate x in the inequality x – 4 5.
x – 4 <= 5
x <= 9
Bringing these two inequalities together we know:
8 < x <= 9
The answer is D. |
mmlu_aux_2601 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
strand woven bamboo flooring can be refinished with a clear - coat quite easily, however applying a stain on - site can be challenging. environmental impact bamboo is an eco - friendly, highly renewable source of material. as a grass, bamboo grows much faster than wood. moso bamboo is the primary species used for... | [
"most people call bamboo plant trees",
"a bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three days",
"the bamboo plant changes its colors when it grows",
"a bridge held by bamboo cable was built thousands of years ago"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_1955 | medmcqa | <ctx>
657 cases of side effects, eight cases of intrauterine death and five cases of miscarriages were reported after vaccination by afssaps. rare potential adverse events are temporary bleeding disorders and guillain – barre syndrome ( gbs ), a serious condition involving the peripheral nervous system, from which most... | [
"Diarrhoea",
"Pneumonia",
"Otitis media",
"SSPE"
] | D | <p>measles complications:- Most common complications are 1. Measles associated diarrhoea. 2. Pneumonia 3. Otitis media 4. Respiratory complications Pneumonia is the most life threatening complication. Pulmonary complications account for more than 90% of deaths due to measles. Neurological complications:- 1. Febrile con... |
aquarat_33884 | aquarat | <ctx>
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ... | [
"A)2",
"B)3",
"C)4",
"D)5"
] | A | 75 = (750*5*R)/100
R = 2%.Answer: A |
pubmedqa_224 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
in response, close to 900 state laws were passed regulating managed care in the 1990s. the backlash featured vocal critics, including disgruntled patients and consumer - advocacy groups, who argued that managed care plans were controlling costs by denying medically necessary services to patients, even in life - t... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_2963 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a shark attack is an attack on a human by a shark. every year, around 80 unprovoked attacks are reported worldwide. despite their rarity, many people fear shark attacks after occasional serial attacks, such as the jersey shore shark attacks of 1916, and horror fiction and films such as the jaws series. out of mor... | [
"drop useless shark meat",
"let them grow new fins",
"avoid law punishment",
"make higher profits"
] | D | null |
openbookqa_255 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the increase in weight.
of. its passenger has a mass of
stationary.
4. 36 resolving weight into components figure 4. 13 an object rests on an incline that makes an angle θ with the horizontal. when an object rests on an incline that makes an angle with the horizontal, the force of gravity acting on the object ... | [
"requires less force to move",
"requires minimal effort to move",
"requires more muscle power to shift",
"requires a light touch to move"
] | C | |
qasc_4431 | qasc | <ctx>
allows for comfortable living in most 608 14 • heat and heat transfer methods access for free at openstax. org parts of the united states with hot and humid summers and cold winters. figure 14. 29 this simple but effective solar cooker uses the greenhouse effect and reflective material to trap and retain solar en... | [
"cellulose material",
"an electric stove",
"Movement of an air mass",
"plastic wrap"
] | A | |
medmcqa_426 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##markers that meet a burden of proof can serve a role in narrowing down diagnosis. this can lead to diagnosis that are significantly more specific to individual patients. a biomarker can be a traceable substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ function or other aspects of health. ... | [
"Melanoma",
"Schwannoma",
"Histiocytoma",
"Basal cell cancer"
] | D | Acidic protein, 100% Soluble in ammonium sulfate at neutral pH (derivation of name) S100 protein family is multigenic group of nonubiquitous cytoplasmic EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, sharing significant structural similarities at both genomic and protein levels; S100 protein family has 24 known human members each code... |
medmcqa_3956 | medmcqa | <ctx>
implicated in the development of diabetic foot ulcers are infection, older age, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, cigarette smoking, poor glycemic control, previous foot ulcerations or amputations, and ischemia of small and large blood vessels. prior history of foot disease, foot deformities that ... | [
"Primary syphilis",
"Granuloma inguinale",
"Chancroid",
"LGV"
] | C | |
medmcqa_1954 | medmcqa | <ctx>
hydroxethylruticide on intestinal toxicity induced by adriamycin. physiol chem phys med nmr. 1986 ; 18 ( 1 ) : 17 - 24. mcginness j. a new view of pigmented neurons. j theor biol. 1985 aug 7 ; 115 ( 3 ) : 475 - 6. gulati op, nordmann h, aellig a, maignan mf, mcginness j. protective effects of o - ( beta - hydroxy... | [
"Halothane",
"Ketamine",
"N2O",
"Ether"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Halothane o Halothane is the most hepatotoxic anesthetic.o Hepatotoxic anaesthetic agents are :1. Chloroform2. Halothane3. Carbon tetrachloride4. Trichloroethylene5. MethoxyfluraneRemembero Nitric oxide is least potent inhalation agent (MAC - 105%).o Halothane is most potent inhalation agent-MAC - 0.7... |
qasc_3915 | qasc | <ctx>
9. 1 • gas pressure 423 figure 9. 7 meteorologists use weather maps to describe and predict weather. regions of high ( h ) and low ( l ) pressure have large effects on weather conditions. the gray lines represent locations of constant pressure known as isobars. ( credit : modification of work by national oceanic ... | [
"Injury",
"calm",
"storms",
"harm"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_1891 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
that internal processes have continued to sculpt ceres's surface to a significant extent contrary to predictions that ceres's small size would have ceased internal geological activity early in its history. habitability although ceres is not as actively discussed as a potential home for microbial extraterrestrial ... | [
"Spacecraft , Dawn, is researching Ceres.",
"What Spacecraft , Dawn, is.",
"NASA Spacecraft, Dawn, is moving closer to a 'Dwarf Planet'.",
"How Dwarf Planet research program is carried out."
] | C | null |
arc_easy_12 | arc_easy | <ctx>
but today the world health organization takes a more broad approach, that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness. palpation – is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving / diagnosing a disease or i... | [
"the intestine, with squeezing.",
"the mouth, with chewing and saliva.",
"the stomach, with churning and acid.",
"the esophagus, with pushing towards the stomach."
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_8170 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
18. 7 conductors and electric fields in static equilibrium 17. is the object in figure 18. 41 a conductor or an insulator? justify your answer. figure 18. 41 18. if the electric field lines in the figure above were perpendicular to the object, would it necessarily be a conductor? explain. 19. the discussion of th... | [
"a flip flop",
"a can",
"water",
"a car"
] | A | null |
qasc_3986 | qasc | <ctx>
20. 6 electric hazards and the human body learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • define thermal hazard, shock hazard, and short circuit. • explain what effects various levels of current have on the human body. there are two known hazards of electricity — thermal and shock. a therm... | [
"Brutal temperatures",
"smoking cigarettes",
"Pesticides",
"ultraviolet light"
] | D | |
medmcqa_4174 | medmcqa | <ctx>
biotechnology board and kerala state innovation council as a member and with the university of kerala as a member of its senate, nominated by the vice - chancellor. pillai, a former president of the society of biotechnologists, india ( sbc ), is known to have worked on human papillomavirus as well as cervical can... | [
"Induction of apoptosis",
"Induction of necrosis",
"Immortalization of epithelial cells",
"By stimulating telomerase"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Immortalization of epithelial cells o HPV selectively infects the epithelium of skin and mucous membrane and may immortalize the keratinocytes leading either asymptomatic infection, or warts or neoplasia.o Products of E-genes (E6, E7) are related to immortalization or malignant transformation of kerat... |
arc_easy_2205 | arc_easy | <ctx>
and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the universe. the astrophysics of stars has been determined through observation and theoretical understanding ; and from computer simulations of the interior. star formation occurs in dense regions of dust and gas, known as giant molecular clouds. when ... | [
"constellation",
"galaxy",
"protostar",
"supernova"
] | D | |
arc_easy_25 | arc_easy | <ctx>
durioneae and in the malvatheca clade ( comprising malvaceae s. l. subfamilies malvoideae and bombacoideae ). a draft genome analysis of durian indicates it has about 46, 000 coding and non - coding genes, among which a class called methionine gamma - lyases – which regulate the odour of organosulfur compounds – ... | [
"to attract bees for pollination",
"to create flower arrangements",
"to protect the tree from disease",
"to feed migratory birds"
] | A | |
arc_easy_127 | arc_easy | <ctx>
transferthe flow of thermal energy through a substance from a higher to a lower temperature region. foam thermoset plastics reduce conductive heat transfer due in part to having very loose molecular bonds ; in addition the cells of the installed spray foam are either filled with air in the case of open cell foam ... | [
"The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.",
"Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.",
"The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.",
"Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection."
] | C |
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