id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_6865 | medmcqa | <ctx>
targeted immunization strategies are approaches designed to increase the immunization level of populations and decrease the chances of epidemic outbreaks. though often in regards to use in healthcare practices and the administration of vaccines to prevent biological epidemic outbreaks, these strategies refer in g... | [
"It refers to group protection beyond what is afforded by the protection of immunized individuals",
"It is likely to be more for infections that do not have a sub-clinical phase",
"It is affected by the presence and distribution of alternative animal hosts",
"In the case of tetanus it does not protect the ind... | B | Occurrence of clinical and subclinical infection in a community is responsible for herd immunity. Herd immunity; * It is the level of resistance of a community or group of people to a paicular disease. * Herd immunity provides an immunological barrier to the spread of disease in the human herd. * The epidemic wave decl... |
medmcqa_5934 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the results of mris are usually ambiguous in defining the presence for this specific tumor. in ct scans, the presence of pnets will be indicated by an elevated density and an increase in volume of the brain. the ct scan can also show calcification, which is present in 41 - 44 % of pnet cases. since the tumor can ... | [
"Oligodendroglioma",
"Pilocytic astrocytoma",
"Mixed oligoastrocytoma",
"Medulloblastoma"
] | D | Medulloblastoma |
medmcqa_9534 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the appropriate type of laser can be selected. for the repair of tears in the retina, a green argon laser is generally used. this light is absorbed well by tissues containing blood, so coagulation or “ welding ” of the tear can be done. 1348 30 • atomic physics access for free at openstax. org figure 30. 38 a det... | [
"Argon",
"Krypton",
"YAG",
"Excimer"
] | C | After cataract, if thin, can be cleared centrally by a YAG laser capsulotomy. |
medmcqa_5697 | medmcqa | <ctx>
1 - 10. 22. young jc, quayle mr, adams jw, bertram jw, and mcmenamin pg. ( 2019 ) three - dimensional printing of archived human fetal material for teaching purposes. anatomical sciences education 12 ( 1 ) : 90 - 96. 23. bennett, d., mcmenamin, p., pacilli, m. clarnette, t., ramesh m nataraja. ( 2018 ) novel appl... | [
"Foramen lacerum",
"Foramen rotundum",
"Foramen spinosum",
"Foramen ovale"
] | D | Accessory meningeal artery is a branch of 1st part of Maxillary artery.
It enters the cranium by passing through foramen ovale.
It supplies meninges and infratemporal fossa. |
mmlu_aux_3520 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##llero - zubiri, c., d. gottelli, and d. w. macdonald. 1996. male philopatry, extra - pack copulations and inbreeding avoidance in ethiopian wolves canis simensis. behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 38 : 331 - 340. sillero - zubiri, c. and d. gottelli. 1995. spatial organization in the ethiopian wolf canis sim... | [
"Poachers kill some of them.",
"They are short of food sometimes.",
"They are losing their habitat.",
"Farmers shoot some of them."
] | B | null |
aquarat_11456 | aquarat | <ctx>
) it takes the clock ’ s hour hand to make one revolution on the moon. 33. suppose the length of a clock ’ s pendulum is changed by 1. 000 %, exactly at noon one day. what time will it read 24. 00 hours later, assuming it the pendulum has kept perfect time before the change? note that there are two answers, and p... | [
"A)6:12",
"B)6:15",
"C)6:18",
"D)6:21"
] | D | 6:12 minus 1,440,711 must end with 1, the only answer choice which ends with 1 is D.
Answer: D. |
qasc_6148 | qasc | <ctx>
many different temperatures for a particular metal. in alloys, this rearrangement may cause an element that will not normally dissolve into the base metal to suddenly become soluble, while a reversal of the allotropy will make the elements either partially or completely insoluble. when in the soluble state, the p... | [
"hot",
"frozen",
"gold",
"cold"
] | A | |
medmcqa_3683 | medmcqa | <ctx>
of drugs and enzyme inhibitors recommendations of the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry ( nc - iub ) on enzyme inhibition terminology medicinal chemistry metabolism
their relevance to a specific research topic ( such as additives in cigarettes or chemicals demonstrating effects on... | [
"hydralazine",
"enalapril",
"spironolactone",
"metoprolol"
] | B | Enalapril may exert its effect by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II. This lowers systemic vascular resistance. In addition, ACE inhibitors have a natriuretic effect by inhibition of aldosterone secretion. They have been shown to improve mortality and decrease hospitalization in patients with CHF. |
medmcqa_1333 | medmcqa | <ctx>
feeling of chest pain. the decision to perform surgery is informed by studies of cabg's efficacy in different patient subgroups, based on the lesions'anatomy or how well the heart is functioning. these results are compared with that of other strategies, most importantly percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ).... | [
"TAPVC",
"TGA",
"ASD",
"VSD"
] | B | Ans. (b) TGARef: Sutton 7thed different pages. Pediatrics Radiology: The Requisites by Johan G. Blickman, Bruce R. Parker; M.D. Patrick D. Barnes p-52 |
aquarat_33265 | aquarat | <ctx>
all the 3 - multisubsets of the set s = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }. this is displayed in the following table. the second column lists the donuts you actually chose, the third column shows the nonnegative integer solutions of the equation and the last column gives the stars and bars representation of the solutions. number of ... | [
"A)126",
"B)120",
"C)110",
"D)100"
] | A | nC2 = 36
=> n*(n-1)/2 = 36 by middle term factor n can not be negative
=> n = 9
nC3 = 9C4 = 126
So, Answer is A. |
medmcqa_7719 | medmcqa | <ctx>
dislocation ; loss of range of motion ; fracture of the adjacent bone ; nerve damage ; damage to blood vessels. immediate risks infection, either superficial or deep dislocation medium - term risks dislocation persistent pain ; loss of range of motion ; weakness ; indolent infection. long - term risks loosening o... | [
"Pain that develops after surgical procedure",
"Pain present for atleast 3 months",
"Pain where other causes are excluded",
"Pain from pre surgical problem is excluded"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pain present for atleast 3 months Precision does not currently exist in defining persistent post operative pain, however following features are taken into consideration :- Pain that develops after surgical procedure Pain present for atleast 2 months Pain where other causes are excluded Pain from pre s... |
pubmedqa_60 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
porges sw. ( 2013 ). atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with hiv. biological psychology 94 : 143 – 151. williamson jb, heilman km, porges ec, lamb dg, porges sw ( 2013 ). possible mechanism for ptsd symptoms in patients with traumatic brain injury : central autonom... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
aquarat_37703 | aquarat | <ctx>
in 2007, the campeonato brasileiro serie c, the third division of the brazilian league, was contested by 64 clubs, with the promotion of bragantino, bahia ( lost fonte nova against vila nova ), vila nova - go, and abc - rn, to the campeonato brasileiro serie b to be contested in 2008. no teams were relegated, sin... | [
"A)87",
"B)91",
"C)95",
"D)99"
] | B | 14C2=91
The answer is B. |
aquarat_31703 | aquarat | <ctx>
- border services with france and the rest of western europe, but runs high speed trains on its legacy broad gauge network at and are developing trains to travel at speeds in excess of. russia uses a modified siemens velaro high speed train on its flagship st petersburg to moscow service at and can run at on dedi... | [
"A)2.0 sec",
"B)2.7 sec",
"C)3.5 sec",
"D)5.0 sec"
] | D | Speed = 144 * 5/18 = 40 m/sec
Time taken = 200/40
= 5.0 sec.
Answer: D |
openbookqa_2714 | openbookqa | <ctx>
restful stage in which you dream and experience muscle movements or twitches. also during this stage in sleep, a person's heart rate and breathing are typically irregular. non - rem sleep, also sometimes referred to as slow - wave sleep, is associated with deep sleep. the body's blood pressure, heart rate, and br... | [
"worst health",
"restlessness",
"insomnia",
"sense of well-being"
] | D | |
arc_easy_266 | arc_easy | <ctx>
leonardo da vinci ( 1452 – 1519 ) was an italian polymath, regarded as the epitome of the " renaissance man ", displaying skills in numerous diverse areas of study. while most famous for his paintings such as the mona lisa and the last supper, leonardo is also renowned in the fields of civil engineering, chemistr... | [
"duty",
"wisdom",
"kindness",
"curiosity"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_3853 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
still unknown. the court of appeals granted the petition, citing the precautionary principle stating " when human activities may lead to threats of serious and irreversible damage to the environment that is scientifically plausible but uncertain, actions shall be taken to avoid or diminish the threat. " responden... | [
"To kill pests feeding on crops.",
"To help some natural insects survive.",
"To prevent the use of chemical sprays.",
"To prove that GM technology is helpful."
] | A | null |
qasc_1886 | qasc | <ctx>
visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision ( daytime vision ), color vision, scotopic vision ( night vision ), and mesopic vision ( twilight vision ), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. this is different from visual a... | [
"Gluons",
"Photons",
"Neutrons",
"Energy"
] | B | |
arc_challenge_1066 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
waterways in general is known as surface hydrology. lakes a lake ( from latin lacus ) is a terrain feature, a body of water that is localized to the bottom of basin. a body of water is considered a lake when it is inland, is not part of an ocean, and is larger and deeper than a pond. natural lakes on earth are ge... | [
"the depth of the water",
"the oxygen levels for fish",
"the amount of minerals in the water",
"the accumulation of organic matter"
] | B | |
aquarat_5378 | aquarat | <ctx>
7 % in 1989 to 12 % in 2008. the percentages of minority women with engineering doctoral degrees were much lower, however, barely increasing from 1 % throughout this period. asian women actually accounted for a lower rate of engineering bachelor's degree during this time period, from approximately 2. 5 % to 5 %. ... | [
"A)I",
"B)I,II",
"C)III",
"D)II"
] | B | 7/10 (70%) of the members are women and 7/8 of the members are married men. Let the total numbers of members is 80 (the LCM of 10 and 8). Then there are:
7/10*80 = 56 women;
80 - 56= 24 men;
7/8*24 = 21 married men;
24 - 21 = 3 unmarried men.
So, option I,II is true.
Answer: B |
qasc_1710 | qasc | <ctx>
museum of comparative zoology associate of ichthyology and as a graduate faculty member at rutgers university. research flammang discovered the radialis muscle in shark tails while at the friday harbor laboratories for a summer course with adam summers, beth brainerd and karel liem. her current research focuses o... | [
"pipe",
"eyes",
"Tail",
"dorsal"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_4995 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
6. 5 • newton ’ s universal law of gravitation 249 astronauts orbiting earth. what is the effect of “ weightlessness ” upon an astronaut who is in orbit for months? or what about the effect of weightlessness upon plant growth? weightlessness doesn ’ t mean that an astronaut is not being acted upon by the gravitat... | [
"It is about the importance of gravity.",
"It is about astronauts' everyday life in space.",
"It is about the differences between space and Earth.",
"It is about how to avoid floating away while sleeping."
] | B | null |
aquarat_10498 | aquarat | <ctx>
/ all x's odd y's if n mod 60 ∈ { 1, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 49, 53 } : is _ prime ( n ) ← ¬is _ prime ( n ) / / toggle state / / algorithm step 3. 2 : for n ≤ limit, n ← 3x² + y² where x ∈ { 1, 3,... } and y ∈ { 2, 4,... } / / only odd x's if n mod 60 ∈ { 7, 19, 31, 43 } : / / and even y's is _ prime ( n ) ← ¬is _ p... | [
"A)-4",
"B)-2",
"C)-1",
"D)0"
] | C | Given:w, x, and y are consecutive odd positive integers and w < x < y
Let take value of X as a ; value of y=x+2(consecutive odd integer) ; and w=x-2
So;
y-x-w = x+2 - x - (X+2)
therefore , y-x-w = 4-x
Now,
X is odd and x>= 3
so x can assume values= 3,5,7 ...
therefore when x=5
4-5= -1
ANSWER:C |
arc_easy_1791 | arc_easy | <ctx>
negative feedback ( or balancing feedback ) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances. a classic example of negative feedback is a heating s... | [
"a mouse pushing a lever to release food",
"a dog going to a food bowl when a bell rings",
"students receiving star stickers for good behavior",
"the brain signaling blood vessels to return to normal"
] | D | |
medmcqa_1834 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in individuals who seem to lack one of the required components for cancer to form. it is thought that without functional telomerase, chromosomes will likely be attached together at their ends through the non - homologous end joining pathway. if this proves to be a common enough occurrence, malignancy even without... | [
"Factor VIII",
"Factor IX",
"Factor X",
"Factor XI"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Factor VIII Hemophila A :? Hemophilia A is due to deficiency of factor VIII. Hemophilia A is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Factor VIII is an intrinsic pathway component required for activation of factor X. Clinical manifestations are due to defect in coagulation system :- Large post trauma... |
aquarat_27226 | aquarat | <ctx>
all the digits have been used, write " 00 " ) and write them to the right of the remainder from the previous step ( on the first step, there will be no remainder ). in other words, multiply the remainder by 100 and add the two digits. this will be the current value c. find p, y and x, as follows : let p be the pa... | [
"A)1",
"B)2",
"C)3",
"D)4"
] | B | Here we need to find out a and b such that a + b = -7 and ab = +10
a = -5 and b = -2 satisfies the above condition.
Hence
x^2−7x+10=(x−5)(x−2)
x2−7x+10=(x−5)(x−2)
x^2−7x+10
=0
⇒(x−5)(x−2)
=0
x2−7x+10=0⇒(x−5)(x−2)=0
Step 3: Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x−5)(x−2)
=0
⇒(x−5)
=0or (x−2)=0
⇒x= 5 or 2
B |
aquarat_39110 | aquarat | <ctx>
are subject to inspection by cbp prior to legal entry. uruguay uruguayan customs place a cap on the importation of personal packages to up to 3 packages of a nominal value of no more than us $ 200 which can be entered into the country without extra charge. for a package to be included in the 3 free slots, the add... | [
"A)$54.00",
"B)$89.60",
"C)$90.00",
"D)$100.80"
] | B | Correct Answer: B
The tourist must pay tax on $1720 - $600 = $1120. Thus, the amount of tax he has to pay is 0.08 ($1120) = $89.60. The correct answer is B. |
mmlu_aux_5059 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
more about how the elephants, who have poor night vision, negotiate their environment using only their hearing and olfactory senses. they also appeared to be much more active sexually during the night compared to the day, which was unexpected. references notes further reading yasuko ishida et al. ( 2018 ). evolut... | [
"lift it up and help it to walk",
"run away as soon as possible",
"kill it immediately",
"carry it to a safe place"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_5805 | medmcqa | <ctx>
growth. there are several maternal factors, which include age, nutritional status, alcohol use, smoking, and medical conditions. insufficient uteroplacental perfusion is an example of a placental factor. chromosomal abnormalities and genetic diseases are examples of fetal factors. complications for the infant inc... | [
"Fetal urine",
"Maternal serum filtered through placenta",
"Transudate of fetal plasma through fetal skin",
"Transudate across umbilical cord"
] | A | Ans: a (Fetal urine) Ref: Dutta, 6th ed, p. 37After 20 weeks of gestation the main contribution of amniotic fluid is by fetal urine. The fetal daily urine output at term is about 400-1200 ml.Theories on origin of amniotic fliud1. Asa transudate from maternal serum2. As a transudate across umbilical cord or from the fet... |
mmlu_aux_1908 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
conductors, pion, london, lutz j, schlangenotto h, scheuermann u, de doncker r 2011, semiconductor power devices : physics, characteristics, reliability, springer - verlag, berlin, masters gm & ela w 2008, introduction to environmental engineering and science, 3rd ed., prentice hall, upper saddle river, new jerse... | [
"is used as the battery surface",
"can be turned into electricity",
"is very easy and costs nothing",
"can hold electricity energy well"
] | D | null |
qasc_350 | qasc | <ctx>
visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision ( daytime vision ), color vision, scotopic vision ( night vision ), and mesopic vision ( twilight vision ), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. this is different from visual a... | [
"heat",
"lunar eclipses",
"meteorite impacts",
"sun"
] | D | |
medmcqa_2674 | medmcqa | <ctx>
terminal ballistics is a sub - field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. bullet design ( as well as the velocity of impact ) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. general the concept of terminal ballistics can be a... | [
"Tracer bullet",
"Tandem bullet",
"Dum-Dum bullet",
"Yawning bullet"
] | D | Yawning bullet is irregular pattern, thus producing key hole entry wound in some cases. |
medmcqa_9822 | medmcqa | <ctx>
laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge. while typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by schools, small businesses, architecture, and hobbyists. laser cutting works by directing the output of a high - power laser most commonl... | [
"Nd : YAG laser",
"Argon laser",
"DYE laser",
"Diode"
] | A | A i.e. Nd:YAG Laser |
mmlu_aux_1745 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
environmental conditions. another group of plants employ " cam - cycling ", in which their stomata do not open at night ; the plants instead recycle produced by respiration as well as storing some during the day. plants showing inducible cam and cam - cycling are typically found in conditions where periods of wat... | [
"Fungus and organism",
"Moisture and water",
"Root and base",
"Dirt and desert"
] | D | null |
qasc_7578 | qasc | <ctx>
from hay fever. many plants produce toxins to protect themselves from herbivores. major classes of plant toxins include alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics. these can be harmful to humans and livestock by ingestion or, as with poison ivy, by contact. some plants have negative effects on other plants, preventing ... | [
"toxins",
"darkness",
"fertilizer",
"water"
] | B | |
medmcqa_6374 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, there are several systematic methods to estimate that probability. such methods are usually based on previously having performed the test on a reference group in which the presence or absence on the condition is known ( or at least estimated by another test that is considered highly accurate, such as by " gold ... | [
"Incidence of disease",
"Specificity",
"Prevalence of disease",
"Sensitivity"
] | A | |
aquarat_28937 | aquarat | <ctx>
have. via a union bound over the coupons, we obtain extensions and generalizations pierre - simon laplace, but also paul erdos and alfred renyi, proved the limit theorem for the distribution of t. this result is a further extension of previous bounds. a proof is found in. donald j. newman and lawrence shepp gave ... | [
"A)$90",
"B)$74",
"C)$45",
"D)$37"
] | B | 680 * 0,12 = 81
680 - 81 = 599
599 / 8 = 74
Answer B |
medmcqa_2181 | medmcqa | <ctx>
cell - matrix ” interface that leads to the destruction and remodeling of the surrounding extracellular matrix ; 4 ) a change in the actin cytoskeleton polarization under myosin ii - mediated control, the occurrence of cell body contractions ; and 5 ) " pulling " the trailing edge toward movement through the newl... | [
"Bone marrow",
"Cortex of bone",
"Metaphyses",
"Epiphyses"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bone marrow Multiple mveiomao Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by involvement of the skeleton at multiple sites,o Plasma cells proliferate abnormally and the proliferated plasma cells infiltrate various organs, particularly bone marrow, but can also spread to lymph nodes and ex... |
arc_easy_2180 | arc_easy | <ctx>
every other particle with a force along a line joining them. the force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. figure 6. 18 gravitational attraction is along a line joining the centers of mass of these two bodies. the magnitude... | [
"time and temperature",
"shape and orbital speed",
"color and hardness",
"mass and distance apart"
] | D | |
aquarat_33205 | aquarat | <ctx>
| 23 | | 50. 7 % | - | align = right | 30 | | 70. 6 % | - | align = right | 40 | | 89. 1 % | - | align = right | 50 | | 97. 0 % | - | align = right | 60 | | 99. 4 % | - | align = right | 70 | | 99. 9 % | - | align = right | 75 | | 99. 97 % | - | align = right | 100 | | % | - | align = right | 200 | | % | - | alig... | [
"A)10",
"B)8",
"C)16",
"D)11"
] | C | 800*20 = 1200*x
x = 16.Answer: C |
arc_challenge_227 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
a preventable cancer but available statistics suggest that between 1500 and 2000 women die from it every year in papua new guinea, and the true number is likely to be much higher. pap smear testing has not been logistically successful in png and toliman researched whether a rapid human papillomavirus ( hpv ) test... | [
"No, because cancer is not contagious.",
"No, because cancer is not always fatal.",
"Yes, because millions of people have cancer.",
"Yes, because people all over the world have cancer."
] | A | |
medmcqa_9887 | medmcqa | <ctx>
from www2. kokugakuin. ac. jp / ijcc / wp / bts / index. html ben - ari, e. ( 1991 ). transformation in ritual, transformation of ritual : audiences and rites in a japanese commuter village. ethnology, 30 ( 2 ), 135 - 147. retrieved may 15, 2011, from the jstor database. boyd, j. w., & williams, r. g. ( 2005 ). j... | [
"Homicidal stab injury",
"Suicidal stab injury",
"Judicial hanging method",
"Suicidal hanging"
] | B | Harakari practiced in Japan is suicidal stab injury.
It is a form of ritual suicide by disembowelment. |
medmcqa_3296 | medmcqa | <ctx>
al. ; thieme ; 2004 ; dynamics of cancer ; steven a. frank ; princeton university press, princeton, new jersey ; 2007 ;, creative commons public license fundamental immunology, 5th edition ; william e. paul ( editor ) ; lippincott williams & wilkins publishers ; 2003 ; immuno - biology : the immune system in heal... | [
"Macrophages",
"Astrocytes",
"NK cells",
"Langerhans cells"
] | C | Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (NK cells) (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). Reff: Ananthanarayanan & panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:132 |
mmlu_aux_4972 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, where tigers are present. in areas where leopards and tigers are sympatric, coexistence is reportedly not the general rule, with leopards being few where tigers are numerous. tigers appear to inhabit the deep parts of the forest while leopards are pushed closer to the fringes. in tropical forests, leopards do n... | [
"live in family groups",
"live alone",
"live together",
"live with other animals"
] | B | null |
aquarat_22399 | aquarat | <ctx>
, expressed in multiples of? 94 2 • problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 33. an unwary football player collides with a padded goalpost while running at a velocity of 7. 50 m / s and comes to a full stop after compressing the padding and his body 0. 350 m. ( a ) what is his deceleration? ( b ) how... | [
"A)4: 45 p.m.",
"B)2: 20 p.m.",
"C)5: 20 p.m.",
"D)5: 35 p.m."
] | B | the distance travelled by the train A in first 20 minutes will be 10.
The distance which will be remaining is 80.
Now both trains are running in opposite direction.Their speed will be added so 40.
Time at which they will meet =80/40=2
time of train B will be 0:20 +2=2:20
Hence answer is B.Hope i am correct |
mmlu_aux_7398 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
to concepts such as six degrees of separation and well - connected acquaintances ( also known as " sociometric superstars " ). this experiment was recently repeated by dodds et al. by means of email messages, and the basic results were similar to milgram's. the estimated true average path length ( that is, the nu... | [
"leafy flora",
"purple horseshoes",
"yellow bees",
"breakfast"
] | A | null |
qasc_3704 | qasc | <ctx>
##s, as the wound often does not have an effective skin barrier to act as a first line of defense. vascularization it is necessary for a network of blood vessels to be established as soon as possible to provide the growing tissue with nutrients, to take away cellular wastes, and transport new leukocytes to the ar... | [
"pH",
"food",
"fats",
"bamboo"
] | B | |
aquarat_1202 | aquarat | <ctx>
adviser is an equal to the child in this environment ( unlike during the academic program ), and can only enforce the first school rule, related to dangerous behavior ( see below ). they meet as a group ( the adviser with all children who have chosen him or her, or in the absence of a decision by the child, the c... | [
"A)4",
"B)6",
"C)8",
"D)9"
] | B | The formula is Total = A+B+C - sum of exactly two + 2*all three + neither
21+18+19-x-2*5=42
solving for x you get 6
Answer B |
arc_challenge_635 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
1. 3 physical and chemical properties learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • identify properties of and changes in matter as physical or chemical • identify properties of matter as extensive or intensive the characteristics that distinguish one substance from another are called pr... | [
"Silver melts.",
"Magnesium burns.",
"Sulfur is a yellow solid.",
"Aluminum conducts heat."
] | B | |
aquarat_34967 | aquarat | <ctx>
market in mathematical finance, if security weights maximize the expected geometric growth rate ( which is equivalent to maximizing log wealth ), then a portfolio is growth optimal. computations of growth optimal portfolios can suffer tremendous garbage in, garbage out problems. for example, the cases below take ... | [
"A)35000",
"B)40000",
"C)16000",
"D)36000"
] | D | let the investment of John James and Jim is 4x 7x and 9x
4x+7x+9x = 80000
20x = 80000
x = 4000
Jim' investment = 9*4000 = 36000
Answer : D |
qasc_6164 | qasc | <ctx>
north, causing damage in 26 american states as well as in canada and leading to more than 300 deaths. hailstorms hail is precipitation in the form of ice that does not melt before it hits the ground. hailstorms are produced by thunderstorms. hailstones usually measure between in diameter. these can damage the loc... | [
"lightning",
"flooding",
"vaporization",
"bleaching"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_1569 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
scientific papers in 2016. chinese - born academicians have won prestigious prizes in the sciences and in mathematics, although most of them had conducted their winning research in western nations. space program the chinese space program started in 1958 with some technology transfers from the soviet union. howeve... | [
"China's road to outer space has not been very smooth for a long time",
"the lunar regolith is believed to be rich in a clean fuel called helium-3",
"China's lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007",
"China's scientists are researching into techniques for soft lunar landing"
] | D | null |
qasc_5712 | qasc | <ctx>
in our proposed circuits. the proposed architectures are modeled in vhdl language. using this language will create more efficient circuits that will not only be cheaper but last longer. these are only two of many design software that help individuals plan there circuits for production. prototyping prototyping is ... | [
"energy",
"quiet",
"shock",
"warmth"
] | C | |
aquarat_27456 | aquarat | <ctx>
12. 2 simple math recursion learning objectives by the end of this section you should be able to • identify a recursive case and a base case in a recursive algorithm. • demonstrate how to compute a recursive solution for the factorial function. calculating a factorial the factorial of a positive integer is define... | [
"A)1",
"B)11",
"C)15",
"D)19"
] | B | We know that it is a decreasing sequence i.e. the terms keep decreasing till 0 and then negative terms start.
What does this imply?If the sum of the first n terms of the sequence is n
Since number of terms will definitely be positive, we are looking for a positive sum.
10 + 7 + 4 + 1 -2 -5 -7 -10 .... and so on
Note th... |
mmlu_aux_8276 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
2000. five ways to stay green. journal of experimental botany 51 329 - 337 p. matile, s. hortensteiner and h. thomas. 1999. chlorophyll degradation annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology. 50 67 - 95 fabrizio vicentini, stefan hortensteiner, maya schellenberg, howard thomas and philippe mati... | [
"turn themselves blue and pink",
"take in sun rays",
"turn oxygen into CO2",
"take in dust particles from the air"
] | B | null |
pubmedqa_696 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
van dijk mt, cha j, semanek d, aw n, gameroff mj, abraham e, wickramaratne pj, weissman mm, posner j, talati a. altered dentate gyrus microstructure in individuals at high familial risk for depression predicts future symptoms. biol psychiatry cogn neurosci neuroimaging. 2021 ; 6 ( 1 ) : 50 - 58. doi : 10. 1016 / ... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
medmcqa_6803 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, churchill livingstone. 2012. management of acute and chronic neck pain. n bogduk, b mcguirk ( authors ), 1st ed., elsevier. 2006. biomechanics of back pain. m adams, n bogduk, k burton, p dolan ( authors ), 3rd ed., churchill livingstone. 2012. medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. an evidence ... | [
"Injury to the spinal cord leading to quadriparesis or quadriplegia",
"Intracranial haemorrhage with cerebral imtation or unconsciousness",
"Cervical haematoma with compression of brachial vessels",
"Complete paralysis of the affected upper extremity"
] | A | A i.e. Injury to the spinal cord leading to quadriparesis or quadriplegia |
qasc_7683 | qasc | <ctx>
may have a higher chance of survival and increase the population's overall fitness. proximate mechanisms the proximate mechanisms of paternal care are not well understood for any organism. in vertebrates, at the level of hormonal control, vasopressin apparently underlies the neurochemical basis of paternal care ;... | [
"Smell",
"genes",
"saliva",
"eggs"
] | A | |
aquarat_2787 | aquarat | <ctx>
/. note that these readings are identical to the readings for mc / n / - final rimes, but with つ / ち in place of ん. later, an epenthetic vowel / u / or / i / was inserted after the consonant in most environments. kan - on readings use / tu / exclusively, while the earlier go'on readings use both / ti / and / tu /... | [
"A)12",
"B)36",
"C)48",
"D)60"
] | B | BCGOI
BCG will come together as a group which can be arranged in 3!=6ways.
BCG,O,I can be arranged in 3!=6 ways.
total possible arrangements = 6*6=36 ways
ANSWER:B |
medmcqa_1038 | medmcqa | <ctx>
strategic alliances include : horizontal strategic alliances, which are formed by firms that are active in the same business area. that means that the partners in the alliance used to be competitors and work together in order to improve their position in the market and improve market power compared to other compe... | [
"Simple anchorage",
"Reciprocal anchorage",
"Multiple anchorage",
"Reinforced anchorage"
] | B | |
medmcqa_8848 | medmcqa | <ctx>
used as a stabilizer by reducing the linkages back to an amine. surface cleaning there are many examples of contamination of biomaterials that are specific to the preparation or manufacturing process. additionally, nearly all surfaces are prone to contamination of organic impurities in the air. contamination laye... | [
"Lignocaine",
"Bupivacaine",
"Procaine",
"Cinchocaine"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bupivacaine o Topical anaesthesia (surface anaesthesia) is produced by topical application of local anaesthetics to mucous membrane or abraded skin. o Surface anaesthetics are Dibucaine (Cinchocaine) Lignocaine Benoxinate Oxethazaine Prilocaine Tetracaine (Amethocaine) Cocaine Benzocaine Butamben o Pr... |
mmlu_aux_8106 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
they sit. when they ask a bird to check, the avian soon returns and tells them about buildings, cities, mountains, and valleys on the other side. the thought of not being able to see those things makes the stones sad. a hundred years soon pass and then a mouse passes by, and the stones ask him to check the other ... | [
"laying a clutch",
"making a memory",
"making friends",
"seeing the sights"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_1724 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus ( vsv ) infection in the central nervous system and recognition of viral proteins. the role and molecular mechanisms by which cytokines altered the course of infection was studied both in vitro and in vivo. these studies determined that the antiviral response of neur... | [
"Simian virus 40",
"HIV",
"Herpes simplex",
"Hepa s B"
] | A | Simian virus 40 |
arc_easy_2148 | arc_easy | <ctx>
galileo di vincenzo bonaiuti de'galilei ( 15 february 1564 – 8 january 1642 ), commonly referred to as galileo galilei (,, ) or simply galileo, was an italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. he was born in the city of pisa, then part of the duchy of florence. galileo has bee... | [
"invented the microscope",
"wrote a book about the planets",
"created a model of the solar system",
"made improvements to the telescope"
] | D | |
openbookqa_2834 | openbookqa | <ctx>
safety pins for repair and fishing hooks, replacements for critical buttons or fasteners. umbrella : useful for hiking in the rain or sunshine, ; it may be used to help build a small structure walking stability and uphill effort : a walking stick or two, trekking poles, ski poles waterproofing supplies water bott... | [
"Frisbee",
"Soccer Ball",
"Football",
"Stick"
] | A | |
medmcqa_7761 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##is, but there is little good evidence to support this claim. traumatic rupture or detachment : the cartilage in the knee is frequently damaged but can be partially repaired through knee cartilage replacement therapy. often when athletes talk of damaged " cartilage " in their knee, they are referring to a damage... | [
"Shoulder dislocation",
"Calcific tendinitis",
"Acromioclavicular dislocation",
"Hill Sachs lesion"
] | B | Ans. B Calcific tendinitisCalcific density is seen adjacent to the greater tuberosity of humerus - mostly this is within the supraspinatus tendon and seen in chronic calcific tendinitis. |
medmcqa_4787 | medmcqa | <ctx>
loci for the majority of functionally distinct bmc types encode regulator proteins that can provide information about bmc function. pdu bmcs in salmonella enterica are induced by the presence of propanediol or glycerol under anaerobic conditions, and only propanediol under aerobic conditions. this induction is me... | [
"Glutamine",
"Glutamic Acid",
"Glycine",
"Aspaate"
] | B | Biochemical functions of Vitamin K The functions of vitamin K are concerned with blood clotting process. lt brings about the post- translational (after protein biosynthesis in the cell) modification of ceain blood clotting factors. The clotting factors ll (prothrombin), Vil, lX and X are synthesized as inactive precurs... |
openbookqa_1716 | openbookqa | <ctx>
treatment virtually all large systems must treat the water ; a fact that is tightly regulated by global, state and federal agencies, such as the world health organization ( who ) or the united states environmental protection agency ( epa ). water treatment must occur before the product reaches the consumer and af... | [
"poison",
"rocks",
"air",
"solids"
] | A | |
medmcqa_8219 | medmcqa | <ctx>
can be sold as a commodity without further processing. examples of byproducts include slag, fly ash, heavy ends, distillation column bottoms, etc. and coproducts include metals such as lead produced during the copper refining process. scrap metal wastes include sheet metal, wire, metal tanks and containers, scrap... | [
"Metal 1%",
"Paper 10%",
"Glass 5%",
"Infectious waste 3%"
] | A | - the average composition of hospital wastes in India is; - 15% - 10% metals- 1% infectious wastes-1.5% -4% wastes-53.5% Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:790, table 2. <\p> |
aquarat_10712 | aquarat | <ctx>
for which each individual unit has the same probability of inclusion, but different sets of units have different probabilities of being selected. samples that are epsem are self weighting, meaning that the inverse of selection probability for each sample is equal. distinction between a systematic random sample an... | [
"A)432",
"B)94",
"C)864",
"D)1330"
] | A | COMB(ENN) where E=experienced and N=no previous experience
12*9*8/(2!). We divide by 2! because there are 2! ways to choose the astronauts without previous experience.
=12*9*4 = 48*9
Because 48*9 ends with a 2, look for the answer that ends with a 2. Only A suffices. |
aquarat_42600 | aquarat | <ctx>
, 10 ) or ( 9, 6 ). the example can be generalized. suppose mrs. carlson and mrs. delacroix are also part of the club where each lady has made 3 gloves. now the total is 12 gloves ( six pairs ) which nets €30. at the same time, one of the ladies on her own can still only make €5. thus, imputations share €30 such ... | [
"A) 7",
"B) 8",
"C) 6",
"D) 10"
] | C | After renting bowling shoes the person is left with $12.80-$0.5=$12.30, which is enough for 12.3/2<7=~6.
Answer: C. |
medmcqa_1509 | medmcqa | <ctx>
) technology with a thickness of just 0. 3mm. 19 march even if humankind manages to limit global warming to, as the intergovernmental panel on climate change recommends, future generations will have to deal with sea levels higher than at present, according to research published in the journal geology. researchers... | [
"Early morning hyperglycemia",
"Early morning hypoglycemia",
"Hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia",
"High insulin levels"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. Early morning hyperglycemia Impoant terms Dawn phenomenon: Glucose level rise in early morning Somogyi effect: Rebound hyperglycemia may appear after 1-24 hours after moderate to severe hypoglycemia |
openbookqa_2006 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids ) that submerges land that is usually dry. in the sense of " flowing water ", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering an... | [
"It is more affected by the flood",
"It is more resistant than a higher place",
"The lower area is drier",
"It is impossible to flood a lower elevation location"
] | A | |
aquarat_18529 | aquarat | <ctx>
5, 000 ) pows. 320, 000 civilian deaths : ( 10, 000 ) in bombing and shelling ; ( 22, 000 ) executed ; ( 285, 000 in camps including 270, 000 jews, 8, 000 roma ) ; and ( 3, 000 ) forced laborers in germany. denmark the danish ministry of education has detailed denmark's losses in the war of about 8, 000 persons i... | [
"A)4402",
"B)4418",
"C)4400",
"D)4418"
] | C | X * (95/100) * (85/100) = 3553
X = 4400
Answer: C |
medmcqa_5392 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. acyl - carnitine is shuttled inside by a carnitine - acylcarnitine translocase, as a carnitine is shuttled outside. acyl - carnitine is converted back to acyl - coa by carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii, located on the interior face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... | [
"Acetyl CoA carboxylase",
"b-Hydroxyl CoA dehydrogenase",
"Acetyl dehydrogenase",
"Pyruvate kinase"
] | A | Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Production of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA is the initial and rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. The reaction is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. |
medmcqa_5041 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in underserved regions. physicians cite barriers with inability to perform a full neurologic exam in addition to technology and reimbursement issues. new telemedicine technologies being used or evaluated in the context of telemedicine include proprietary wearables, self - sensing and adjusting closed loop systems... | [
"Decrease the efficacy of levodopa",
"Decrease the efficacy of levodopa",
"Increase the dose of levodopa required",
"Inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the CNS"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa Carbidopa is combined with levodopa to inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and make more levodopa available to cross the blood brain barrier to reach its site of action. |
aquarat_9106 | aquarat | <ctx>
is. 1 - b. add the items smaller than g to get a solution for. the number of bins is :. all in all, the number of bins is in and the run - time is in. by choosing we get. algorithm 2 let be a real parameter and an integer parameter to be determined later. 1 - a. let be an instance constructed from by removing all... | [
"A)25.9%",
"B)44.44%",
"C)35%",
"D)61%"
] | B | Well the big cube which has the side built with 6 little cubes (6^3) will haveinsidethe cube which has the side built with 4 little cubes (6-2 edges), so 4^3... Similarly, the cube which has the side built with 4 little cubes (4^3) will haveinsidethe cube which has the side built with 2 little cubes, (4-2 edges), so 2^... |
aquarat_18201 | aquarat | <ctx>
by petitions filed with eta. the figure was 280, 873 in 2010, 201, 053 in 2009 and 126, 633 in 2008. high - frequency labor market data sources of u. s. labor market data that are available at a higher frequency and with shorter lags than traditional sources include unemployment insurance claims, online job posti... | [
"A) 0.30",
"B) 0.25",
"C) 0.45",
"D) 0.70"
] | D | Percentage of male worker = 48
Percentage of female worker = 52
Let total number of workers = 1000
number of male workers= 480
number of female workers = 520
Number of male age 25 or older = (4/10)*480 = 192
Number of female age 25 or older =(2/10)*520 = 104
Total number of workers 25 or older = 192+104 = 296
Total num... |
aquarat_29717 | aquarat | <ctx>
– 1 + 2 – 3 + 2 – 4 = 1. 6875. • this makes the whole number = – 1. 6875 × 2 – 9. before we finish our discussion about floating points, there is the question of 0. how to present the 0? even if we make all bits 0, the hidden 1 makes the final value a non - zero one. how can we deal with this problem? the represe... | [
"A)5",
"B)6",
"C)0",
"D)3"
] | C | (6!*3! /3!*4!)
=(6! / 4!)
=5*6
=30
Units digit of the above product will be equal to 0
Answer C |
mmlu_aux_1789 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
obstacle to wider implementation of fly ash and slag may be largely due to the risk of construction with new technology that has not been exposed to long field testing. until a carbon tax is implemented, companies are unwilling to take the chance with new concrete mix recipes even if this reduces carbon emissions... | [
"The causes of road accidents.",
"The advantages of fly ash.",
"The measures of avoiding road accidents.",
"Latest information about long-life concrete bridges."
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_3919 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
globe at night is an international scientific research program that crowdsources measurements of light pollution in the night sky. at set time periods within each year, the project asks people to count the number of stars that they can see from their location and report it to the project's website. the coordinati... | [
"the city's lights affected the meteor watching",
"the meteors flew past before being noticed",
"the city light show attracted many people",
"the meteor watching ended up a social outing"
] | A | null |
aquarat_24534 | aquarat | <ctx>
, it is common for authors to claim that the solution to the problem is easy, even elementary. upon investigating these elementary solutions, however, they often differ from one author to the next. example resolution suppose that the total amount in both envelopes is a constant, with in one envelope and in the ot... | [
"A)Rs. 5040",
"B)Rs. 6040",
"C)Rs. 7040",
"D)Rs. 5440"
] | A | If 18 boys got Rs x, then
18x = 14*(x+80)= 14x+1120
or
4x =1120
x= 280
so total amt = 280*18 = Rs. 5040
ANSWER:A |
qasc_2933 | qasc | <ctx>
environmental conditions. another group of plants employ " cam - cycling ", in which their stomata do not open at night ; the plants instead recycle produced by respiration as well as storing some during the day. plants showing inducible cam and cam - cycling are typically found in conditions where periods of wat... | [
"NaCl",
"apples",
"Grass",
"Spruce"
] | C | |
medmcqa_3236 | medmcqa | <ctx>
was 82 years, which implies a life expectancy in these patients similar to that of an age - matched general population. more than 90 % of patients with primary cad have cold - induced circulatory symptoms ranging from moderate acrocyanosis to severe raynaud phenomena precipitated even by very slight cold exposure... | [
"Target cell",
"Macrocyte",
"Microovalocyte",
"Macroovalocyte"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Macroovalocyte |
mmlu_aux_4305 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
using competing sources of heat. factors in the uncertainty include the wood source, carbon dioxide emissions from production and transport as well as from final combustion, and what time scale is appropriate for the consideration. a report in 2010 concluded that burning biomass such as wood pellets or wood chips... | [
"It Burns merely plant matter.",
"It keeps producing electricity.",
"It stores the energy from the sun.",
"It produces zero carBon dioxide."
] | C | null |
aquarat_6284 | aquarat | <ctx>
. math. pi * r * 2 7. which expression returns the integer 27? a. 3 * * 3 b.
each answer with the correct number of significant figures. ( a ) 62. 8 34 ( b ) 0. 147 + 0. 0066 + 0. 012 ( c ) 38 95
( b ) what is unreasonable about the result? ( c ) which premise is unreasonable or which premises are inconsistent?... | [
"A)17 years",
"B)19 years",
"C)29 years",
"D)10 years"
] | D | Let C's age be x years.
Then, B's age = 2x years.
A's age = (2x + 2) years.
(2x + 2) + 2x + x = 27
5x = 25 => x = 5
Hence, B's age = 2x = 10 years.
Answer: D |
medmcqa_4714 | medmcqa | <ctx>
reported in 1923 that others in the region were up to 5. 5 metres in length. dom serventy produced a survey in 1952 of the rock pythons in the pilbara that gave the largest known size as 3. 7 metres, a specimen collected at hooley that weighed 9. 3 kilograms. behaviour the species was assumed to inhabit sites wit... | [
"Viperidae",
"Elapidae",
"Sea snakes",
"Crotalidae"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Crotalidae o Poisonous snakes are divided into six families:Viperidae - Russell's viper, gaboon viper, saw scaled viper, puff adder. They are found in all parts of world except America.Crotalidae - Rattlesnakes, pigmy rattlesnakes, copperheads, pit viper & bush master. They are found in Asia and Ameri... |
medmcqa_5954 | medmcqa | <ctx>
cortical level to change its somatotopic organization for the painful site, inducing central sensitization. for instance, individuals experiencing complex regional pain syndrome demonstrate a diminished cortical somatotopic representation of the hand contralaterally as well as a decreased spacing between the hand... | [
"Arm",
"Leg",
"Back",
"Head"
] | A | Coical areas for sensation from trunk and back are small, whereas large areas are concerned with impulses from hand and pas of mouth. And from the figure 11-4 it is evident that area for hand is more than face. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:175 |
pubmedqa_143 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
, lahiri a, allam us, chakravortty d, 2009, reliable means of diagnosis and serovar determination of blood - borne salmonella strains : quick pcr amplification of unique genomic loci by novel primer sets. j clin microbiol, 47, 2435 - 2441 119. nagarajan ag, balasundaram sv, janice j, karnam g, eswarappa sm, chakr... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
aquarat_42648 | aquarat | <ctx>
##2 compare. employee. numbers. go to compute. pay when detail employno 01013 is equal to master employno, low. detail when detail 01014 employno is less than master employno. 01015 high. detail. move'm'to master errorcode, file master in 01016 error. file. 01017 get master, at end do end. of. masters. 01018 go t... | [
"A)10%",
"B)16.3%",
"C)13.7%",
"D)15.1%"
] | B | Let the original salary be $100
New salary = $86
Increase on 86=14
Increase on 100 = 14/86* 100 = 16.3%
Answer is B |
medmcqa_8567 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and socioeconomic factors. references for many of these environmental risk factors have been collected in an online database. there may be an association between non - celiac gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia in a small proportion of people, though large randomized controlled trials and epidemiological studies... | [
"Age 18 yrs",
"Age 40 yrs",
"Sudden onset",
"Female"
] | A | Age below 18years early age of onset, poor compliance to medications, poor insight, poor knowledge, attitude and practice among family members, expressed emotions among family members , male gender, insidious onset of illness , simple and hebephrenic type of schizophrenia are usually bad prognostic factors for schizoph... |
medmcqa_8938 | medmcqa | <ctx>
is transmitted by vectors, ticks of the genus ixodes, from the diseases'reservoirs in animals such as deer. campylobacter jejuni, a cause of gastroenteritis, is spread by the fecal – oral route from animals, or by eating insufficiently cooked poultry, or by contaminated water. haemophilus influenzae, an agent of ... | [
"Polio",
"Typhoid",
"Ascaris",
"Dracunculiasis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dracunculiasis |
qasc_6279 | qasc | <ctx>
pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind. pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, birds, and bats ; water ; wind ; and even plants themselves, when self - pollin... | [
"food",
"seeds",
"a stem",
"roots"
] | B | |
openbookqa_693 | openbookqa | <ctx>
bats have a high thermal conductivity. the wings are filled with blood vessels, and lose body heat when extended. at rest, they may wrap their wings around themselves to trap a layer of warm air. smaller bats generally have a higher metabolic rate than larger bats, and so need to consume more food in order to mai... | [
"perspiration",
"eating",
"fire",
"blankets"
] | A | |
medmcqa_2177 | medmcqa | <ctx>
schizoaffective disorder ( sza, szd ) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and an unstable mood. this diagnosis requires symptoms of both schizophrenia ( usually psychosis ) and a mood disorder : either bipolar disorder or depression. the main criterion is the presence of psychotic sym... | [
"Dementia",
"Acute psychosis",
"Delirium",
"Delusional disorder"
] | B | Acute psychosis ??? [Ref: Kaplan and Saddock synopsis of Psychiatry 10/e p 516-5171We are unable to reach a conclusive diagnosis with the information provided in the question.Acute onset, presence of fever, no history of psychiatric illness suggests delirium.But, the diagnosis of delirium cannot be made definitively in... |
openbookqa_56 | openbookqa | <ctx>
chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. ... | [
"mixing and heating edible items",
"putting water in a bowl",
"petting a small cat",
"rolling a ball on a floor"
] | A | |
qasc_3132 | qasc | <ctx>
fortschr. zool. 25 : 283 - 293. 1974 on the evolution of habitat selection. pr. first international congress of ecology, pp. 401 – 404. 1998 articles on predation in encyclopedia of ecology and environmental management ( p. calow, ed. ) blackwell scientific publications ltd., oxford, england. 1 ) paradox of enric... | [
"hypothyroidism",
"killing insects",
"kisses",
"aggression"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_1738 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
. radau wrote a lengthy review of un naturaliste dans l'archipel malais in the french revue des deux mondes. radau notes the many deaths from volcanic eruptions in the archipelago, before explaining the similarity of the fauna of java and sumatra with that of central asia, while that of the celebes carries the ma... | [
"The vast expense.",
"The dangerous journey.",
"The challenging tasks.",
"The unknown world."
] | A | null |
qasc_934 | qasc | <ctx>
that break down large food molecules before absorbing them through their cell membranes. many fungi are also saprobes, feeding on dead organic matter, making them important decomposers in ecological systems. animals are multicellular eukaryotes. with few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxyge... | [
"sugar",
"heat",
"food",
"water"
] | A | |
medmcqa_4452 | medmcqa | <ctx>
less inadvertent movements under robotic controls than compared to human assistance. there are some issues in regards to current robotic surgery usage in clinical applications. there is a lack of haptics in some robotic systems currently in clinical use, which means there is no force feedback, or touch feedback. ... | [
"Pneumothorax",
"Constipation",
"Hemolytic anemia",
"Bilious vomiting"
] | D | Ans. (d) Bilious vomitingRef: Sabiston 20th Edition, Page 1212Complications of Gastric Surgeries:* Dumping syndrome* Afferent loop syndrome* Efferent loop syndrome* Malabsorption syndrome (Anemia, hypocalcemia, B12 deficiency)* Alkaline reflux gastritis* Bile reflux gastritis* Gastric atony* Duodenal stump blow out. |
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