id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_3921 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##mpani is responsible for taste ), one of its branches — the lingual nerve — carries sensation from the tongue. the peripheral processes of mesencephalic nucleus of v neurons run in the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and terminate in the muscle spindles in the muscles of mastication. they are proprioceptive ... | [
"Pleomorphic adenoma",
"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma",
"Adenoid cystic carcinoma",
"Wahin's tumor"
] | C | Adenoid cystic carcinoma has got high affinity for perineural spread(both axially and circumferentially;antegrade and retrograde fashion) along mandibular and maxillary divisions of trigeminal (common) and facial nerve .It infiltrates nerve more proximally for long distance. Tumor may reach Gasserian trigeminal ganglio... |
medmcqa_3685 | medmcqa | <ctx>
anesthetics and co - author of anesthesia'', the first medical textbook on the subject charles robert hager, md 1894 - swiss - american missionary, founder of the china congregational church in hong kong, baptized sun yat - sen, first president of the republic of china patrick ho jp, md 1976 - former professor of... | [
"Moon",
"Holmes",
"Morgan",
"Priestly"
] | B | Oliver Wendell Holmes coined the term anesthesia. In 1846, Holmes coined the word anesthesia. In a letter to dentist William T. G. Moon, the first practitioner to publicly demonstrate the use of ether during surgery, he wrote: "Everybody wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give a hint or two ... |
medmcqa_8078 | medmcqa | <ctx>
tses ) or prion disease. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal diseases associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein to an abnormal prion protein leading to damage of brain and neural tissue. examples of prion diseases include bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse, also known as " m... | [
"Scrapie",
"Kuru",
"Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease",
"Alzheimer's disease"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_3595 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##ctic information. journal of experimental psychology, general, 122, 184 - 194. herman, l. m., hovancik, j. r., gory, j. d., bradshaw, g. l. ( 1989 ). generalization of visual matching by a bottlenosed dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) : evidence for invariance of cognitive performance with visual or auditory mater... | [
"soon after it was born",
"according to its size",
"all by itself",
"with the help of its group"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_99 | medmcqa | <ctx>
skeleton is to look at bone osteons under a microscope. new osteons are constantly formed by bone marrow even after the bones stop growing. younger adults have fewer and larger osteons while older adults have smaller and more osteon fragments. another potential method for determining the age of an adult skeleton ... | [
"Stafne’s bone cavity",
"Radicular Cyst",
"Dentigerous cyst",
"Lateral periodontal cyst"
] | A | Radiological signs:
The lesion presents as a chance radiographic finding. It is a round or an ovoid (<3 cm) uniform radiolucency with a well-defined, usually corticated, margin. Stafne’s bone cavity is non-expansile and is found below the mandibular canal just anterior to the angle of the mandible. The location of Staf... |
qasc_5099 | qasc | <ctx>
bacteriophages ( phages ), potentially the most numerous " organisms " on earth, are the viruses of bacteria ( more generally, of prokaryotes ). phage ecology is the study of the interaction of bacteriophages with their environments. introduction to phage ecology vastness of phage ecology phages are obligate intr... | [
"tazmanian devils",
"gorillas",
"vegetation",
"producers"
] | D | |
aquarat_13028 | aquarat | <ctx>
of event 2 is, as person 2 may have any birthday other than the birthday of person 1. similarly, the probability of event 3 given that event 2 occurred is, as person 3 may have any of the birthdays not already taken by persons 1 and 2. this continues until finally the probability of event 23 given that all preced... | [
"A)7",
"B)9",
"C)18",
"D)11"
] | C | Explanation:
Let C's age be x years. Then, B's age = 2x years. A's age = (2x + 2) years.
(2x + 2) + 2x + x = 47
⇒ 5x = 45
⇒ x = 9.
Hence, B's age = 2x = 18 years.
Answer: C |
mmlu_aux_3146 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
and usb connector. power bank a power or battery bank is a portable device that stores energy in its built - in battery. power banks are made in various sizes and typically based on lithium ion batteries. a power bank contains battery cells and a voltage converter circuitry. the internal dc - dc converter manages... | [
"it is just a concept",
"it is self-chargeable",
"it brings convenience",
"it is no waste of money"
] | B | null |
openbookqa_409 | openbookqa | <ctx>
soil are similar to those of an undisturbed forest soil, but the structure is quite different. composition earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere as correspondent to rocks, water, air, and life respectively. some scientists include as p... | [
"just above it's mantle",
"in the center of the earth",
"on top of the moon",
"close to the sun"
] | A | |
medmcqa_2173 | medmcqa | <ctx>
protected 2, 5 - dkp 1 using the base lhmds and an alkyl bromide r1br, gave the mono - alkylated derivative 2, which on further alkylation gave the symmetrical trans - disubstituted derivative 3 halogenation and displacement the 3 - monobromides 6 and the 3, 6 - dibromides 5 are prepared from the benzyl protected... | [
"5-FU",
"Melphalan",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Chlorambucil"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 5 Fluorouracil |
qasc_8119 | qasc | <ctx>
recorded an hours travel on a river, and the days sail. modern tools modern measurement equipment include hand tools, cmms ( coordinate - measuring machines ), machine vision systems, laser trackers, and optical comparators. a cmm is based on cnc technology to automate measurement of cartesian coordinates using a... | [
"Weight of sun",
"Temperature",
"Volume of water",
"Weight of moon"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_1856 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
chickweeds, galinsoga, common purslane, japanese knotweed, winter cress and other wild mustards, thistles ( de - thorned ), stinging nettles ( cooked ), bellworts, violets, amaranth and slippery elm, among many others. also, some wild plants with edible rhizomes ( underground, horizontal stems ) can be found, suc... | [
"it's dangerous to feed the plant",
"it's certain that the plant kills sheep",
"it's difficult for the plant to bloom in England",
"it's rare for the plant to bloom in South American"
] | C | null |
aquarat_49223 | aquarat | <ctx>
10−1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )... | [
"A)10",
"B)100",
"C)1000",
"D)10000"
] | B | Explanation:
=(103)7/(10)19
=(10)21/(10)19=10(2)=100
Option B |
arc_challenge_27 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the shift in mass. measurement the primary monitoring of earth's rotation is performed by very - long - baseline interferometry coordinated with the global positioning system, satellite laser ranging, and other satellite geodesy techniques. this provides an absolute reference for the determination of universal ti... | [
"day becoming night",
"winter changing to spring",
"January changing to February",
"a new moon becoming a full moon"
] | A | |
aquarat_3865 | aquarat | <ctx>
, was transmitted to arabic country in an 825ad book by al khwarizmi via india, and in use by 10th century abu'l - hasan al - uqlidisi and 15th century jamshid al - kashi's work " arithematic key ". addition put the two numerators 1 and 2 on the left side of counting board, put the two denominators 3 and 5 at the... | [
"A)276",
"B)299",
"C)322",
"D)345"
] | D | Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23 x 15).
Larger number = (23 x 15) = 345.
Answer: Option D |
aquarat_9934 | aquarat | <ctx>
7. 1 work : the scientific definition 1. how much work does a supermarket checkout attendant do on a can of soup he pushes 0. 600 m horizontally with a force of 5. 00 n? express your answer in joules and kilocalories. 2. a 75. 0 - kg person climbs stairs, gaining 2. 50 meters in height. find the work done to acco... | [
"A)2.",
"B)V=4.",
"C)V=5.",
"D)V=6."
] | C | C. 5 hrs
If there were 10 beavers it qould have taken double V= 6hrs.. so closest to that option is 5. |
qasc_4924 | qasc | <ctx>
measured and documented every week for four consecutive weeks. the main research objective was to determine the growth rate of plants exposed to eight hours of sunlight compared to those with only four hours. a total of 20 identical potted plants were used, with one group allocated to the " sunlight " condition a... | [
"Glucose",
"Echinoids",
"Energy.",
"leaves"
] | D | |
aquarat_38321 | aquarat | <ctx>
an air filter and troubleshoot common engine problems ( e. g. burning oil, fuel pump failure, starter / alternator issues ). like other vehicles, trucks need regular maintenance and upkeep. older trucks are more difficult to maintain because of increased vehicle wear, availability of parts ( for discontinued name... | [
"A)16",
"B)8",
"C)14",
"D)12"
] | C | There are two sets 16G1 gallons and 8G2 gallons details given.
16 gallons covering 224 miles
Then 1 G1 is used to cover 14 miles.
Now for 8 G2 covering 224 miles.
then 1 G2 is used to cover 28 miles.
There must 28 - 14 = 14 miles per gallon increment is needed for 8 gallons to improve the mileage to cover 224 miles.
IM... |
medmcqa_5144 | medmcqa | <ctx>
activating a proper working stroke on the teeth. first, a modified pen grasp position must be achieved before starting periodontal instrumentation ; this position involves the thumb and the index finger placed on the instrument handle, the middle finger resting on the shank, and the little finger neutral and rela... | [
"Thenar",
"Mid-palmar",
"Hypothenar",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. a (Thenar).Deep thenar space infection occurs in the potential space between the palmar aponeurosis and the fascia overlying adductor policis, which contains not only the flexor pollicis longus tendon plus the neurovascular (NV) bundles to the thumb, but also the NV bundle on the radial side of the index plus the ... |
medmcqa_1751 | medmcqa | <ctx>
series of cognitive, linguistic, sensorimotor and auditory processes that generate an in - depth understanding of language and speech. as children grow up their language and vocabulary grows with them. however, as this happens it is possible that the child might begin to demonstrate forms of disfluencies in their... | [
"Foreign body",
"Adenoids which are blocking the airways",
"Deted nasal septum",
"Inadequately treated acute frontal sinusitis"
] | A | A unilateral nasal discharge is nearly always due to foreign body and if duscharge has an unpleasant smell,it is pathognic. If a child presents with unilateral,foul smeling nasal discharge,foreign body must be excluded. Ref Dhingra 6/e,p 161. |
aquarat_33549 | aquarat | <ctx>
. 14 march – former new south wales government minister milton orkopoulos is found guilty of 28 charges of child sex offences and the supply of drugs. 16 march – the south australian heat wave continues with adelaide experiencing its 14th straight day of temperatures above 35 degrees. 16 march – the finding sydne... | [
"A)Thursday",
"B)Friday",
"C)Saturday",
"D)Sunday"
] | D | Solution
28 May,2006 =(2005 years + Period from 1.1.2006 to 28.5.2006)
Odd days in 1600 years = 0
Odd days in 400 years = 0
5 years =(4 ordinary years + 1 leap year)=(4 x 1 + 1 x 2) odd days
=6 odd days
Jan. Feb. March April May
(31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 28) = 148 days =(21 weeks + 1 day)
= 1 odd day
Total number of odd day... |
medmcqa_6574 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the corticostriatothalamocortical hap is a neuronal network that is associated with the integration of different muscle groups. it activates complex movement programs and guarantees continuous movement that cannot be terminated by small external influences. another important circuit involving holmes tremor is the... | [
"Anxiety",
"Tachycardia",
"Tremor",
"O 2 consumption"
] | D | The primary role of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis is to attenuate the effects of catecholamines, and it is also a weak inhibitor of extrathyroid conversion of T4 to T3. When given it is useful in reducing the hea rate, tremor, agitation, psychotic behavior, diarrhea, fever and diaphoresis. It doesn't alter the metaboli... |
aquarat_22682 | aquarat | <ctx>
. consider points and a. find the area of parallelogram with adjacent sides and b. find the area of triangle c. find the distance from point to line 212. consider points and a. find the area of parallelogram with adjacent sides and b. find the area of triangle c. find the distance from point to line in the follow... | [
"A)12",
"B)13",
"C)14",
"D)11"
] | D | ABC and AXY are similar triangles.
So (side of ABC/side of AXY)^2=169/25
side of ABC/side of AXY = 13/5
So the length of BC = 5
Answer - D |
mmlu_aux_7200 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
environmental conditions. another group of plants employ " cam - cycling ", in which their stomata do not open at night ; the plants instead recycle produced by respiration as well as storing some during the day. plants showing inducible cam and cam - cycling are typically found in conditions where periods of wat... | [
"spritzing the stem of the plant",
"putting the plant in the rain",
"using a sprinkler system",
"pouring water on soil"
] | D | null |
qasc_6481 | qasc | <ctx>
50 ovarian 50 – 75 breast 50 – 80 + brain 80 + neck 80 + bone 80 + soft tissue 80 + thyroid 80 + table 32. 7 cancer radiotherapy finally, it is interesting to note that chemotherapy employs drugs that interfere with cell division and is, thus, also effective against cancer. it also has almost the same side effect... | [
"massive damage",
"Heart monitor",
"antibodies",
"rays or beams"
] | C | |
medmcqa_2566 | medmcqa | <ctx>
igg antibodies as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as il - 1β, il - 2, il - 6, tnf - α and il - 8 in regions of high p. gingivalis concentration, impairing host immune response function. rgp can inhibit il - 2 accumulation in t - cells, which enables it to evade the host adaptive immune response, by modulat... | [
"Rickettsia japonica",
"Rickettsia conorii",
"Rickettsia sibirica",
"Rickettsia australis"
] | B | Boutonneuse fever (also called, fievre boutonneuse, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, Marseilles fever, African tick-bite fever, or Astrakhan fever) is a fever as a result of a Rickettsial infection caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii Transmitted by the dog tick - Rhipicephalus sanguineus. |
aquarat_26564 | aquarat | <ctx>
school is conducting a survey to understand the opinions of the school ’ s students toward the food options available in the cafeteria. they have divided the student population into four groups based on grade level ( 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th ). a random sample of 60 students is selected from each group and asked to ... | [
"A)E=3",
"B)4",
"C)6",
"D)8"
] | A | Another way to look at the problem...
Since the total is 120, RATIO * CLASSES = R*C = 120.....(i)
we are looking where ratio increases by 1 and # of classes decreases by 10 = (R+1)(C-10) = RC+C-10R-10=120....(ii)
(ii)-(i)....
C=10R+10 = 10(R+1).......
so # of classes has to be multiple of 10
AS RC=120.... 10(R+1)*R = 1... |
medmcqa_1477 | medmcqa | <ctx>
an anastomosis (, : anastomoses ) is a connection or opening between two things ( especially cavities or passages ) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. such a connection may be normal ( such as the foramen ovale in a fetus'heart ) or abnormal ( such as ... | [
"Single layer suturing",
"Sero muscular sutures",
"All coat intestinal suturing",
"Skin suturing"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sero muscular sutures |
arc_easy_342 | arc_easy | <ctx>
about freely. neutral atoms and their associated ions have very different physical and chemical properties. sodium atoms form sodium metal, a soft, silvery - white metal that burns vigorously in air and reacts explosively with water. chlorine atoms form chlorine gas, cl2, a yellow - green gas that is extremely co... | [
"Acid",
"Atom",
"Element",
"Compound"
] | D | |
arc_challenge_793 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
species of sebastiania ) and use the bean as a shelter. with a sudden rise in temperature, the pupa inside twitches and jerks, pulling on the threads inside. wiggling may also help to deter parasitoid wasps from laying eggs on the pupa. other species of moths are able to make clicks to deter predators. the length... | [
"egg",
"adult",
"pupa",
"caterpillar"
] | A | |
qasc_3419 | qasc | <ctx>
15. 4 • carnot ’ s perfect heat engine : the second law of thermodynamics restated 645 practically not, due to limitations with materials used in the reactor. ) heat transfer from this water is a complex process ( see figure 15. 22 ). steam, produced in the steam generator, is used to drive the turbine - generato... | [
"waves",
"wind",
"burning",
"engines"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4891 | medmcqa | <ctx>
discussed in a separate section below. patients are said to have failed treatment if they fail to respond to treatment ( cough and sputum production persisting throughout the whole of treatment ), or only experience a transient response to treatment ( the patient gets better at first, but then get worse again, al... | [
"Isoniazid neuropathy",
"Tuberculosis skin lesions",
"Niacin deficiency",
"Some other drugs has caused this"
] | C | Isoniazid inhibits the endogenous syntheisis of Niacin so,the patient developed dermatitis,diarrhea,dementia. Prolonged treatment with Isoniazid leads to Pyridoxine deficiency,which is required for endogenous synthesis of niacin Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition |
aquarat_15936 | aquarat | <ctx>
18 medals and all were swept by competitors from eastern asia. events note that the sections below show only the latter stages of the competition, after the qualifying rounds. men's individual up to 5 players per team. women's individual up to 3 players per team. open 2 amateur players per team. men's team 5 play... | [
"A)9",
"B)16",
"C)24",
"D)36"
] | D | Each team can play with each other in 9C2 ways
9C2 = 9*8 / 1*2 = 36
Option D |
openbookqa_872 | openbookqa | <ctx>
be displayed upright or at an angle, depending on the decorative elements on display. any mounts should keep the object stable without putting pressure on any fragile areas. environmental conditions despite having been dried and fired, pottery clay is still a porous material which will react to changes in environ... | [
"shiny",
"red",
"striped",
"wrinkled"
] | D | |
aquarat_6125 | aquarat | <ctx>
stock under different stock valuation methods can be confusing. another example is modelling labour variances with learning curve corrections and stock level changes. with the absence of a basic profit model in an algebraic form, confident development of such models is difficult. the development of spreadsheets h... | [
"A)$55,000",
"B)$75,000",
"C)$95,000",
"D)$115,000"
] | B | Let P be the total profit.
P/4 + 1/2*(3P/4) = P/4 + 3P/8 = 5P/8 = 46875
P = $75,000
The answer is B. |
aquarat_30833 | aquarat | <ctx>
< 9. 99 : order = 50 if 9. 99 < = price < 19. 99 : order = 30 if price > = 19. 99 : order = 10 a. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 else : order = 30 order = 10 b. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 elif price < 19. 99 : order = 30 elif price = = 19. 99 : order = 10 c. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50
stock under different ... | [
"A)8",
"B)12",
"C)6",
"D)4"
] | B | The bookman had 10 hardback ad 30-10=20 paperback copies;
14 copies were sold, hence 30-14=16 copies were left. Let # of paperback copies left be p then 10p+20(16-p)=240 --> 10 p=80 --> p=8
# of paperback copies sold is 20-8=12
Answer: B |
medmcqa_4438 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##dine is an essential trace element in our diet ; it is needed to produce thyroid hormone. insufficient iodine in the diet can lead to the development of a goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland ( figure 2. 12 ). 72 2 • atoms, molecules, and ions access for free at openstax. org figure 2. 12 ( a ) insuffici... | [
"Jod-Basedow effect",
"Wolff-Chaikoff effect",
"Thyrotoxicosis Factitia",
"De Quervain's Thyroiditis"
] | A | Jod Basedow Effect: Refers to induction of thyrotoxicosis by iodine in the form of dietary supplements or medication, especially especially in patients who are relatively iodide deficient. Treatment includes combination of antithyroid drugs and perchlorate paicularly in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Ref: Harrison'... |
arc_challenge_889 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
volcanic rock ( often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts ) is a rock formed from lava erupted from a volcano. like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments a... | [
"magma",
"igneous",
"sedimentary",
"metamorphic"
] | B | |
aquarat_46151 | aquarat | <ctx>
symbol repeats in a message. security is maintained by frequent key changes. batco instructions require a new key for every message and that no more than 22 symbols should be encoded with a single key. keys are rotated in alphabetical order, so key 5f would be followed by 5g. key column 7 is kept in reserve for e... | [
"A)211",
"B)216",
"C)1075",
"D)1080"
] | C | An staff identification code will be of the type -,-,-,-
first digit can be selected from any of the 5 vowels in 5C1 ways
now for the remaining three digit lets consider the following two cases
case 1: when the number is greater than 200 but less than 300
number will be of the type 2,_,_. now suppose repeating number i... |
medmcqa_2291 | medmcqa | <ctx>
restore function. for example, in cases of chronic healing ( e. g. diabetic patients ), a fibrin - based scaffold has been used to target a vector encoding enos to the wound site. this enhances transfection efficiency of the vector resulting in greater enos expression, greater production of no and better healing ... | [
"Inguinal canal",
"Pleuroperitoneal canal",
"Femoral canal",
"Obturator foramen"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pleuroperitoneal canal Bochdalek herniao Most Bochdalek hernia are on the left side (~80%) and may rarely be bilateral.o Compression of the lung results in pulmonary hypoplasia, involving both the lungs (ipsilateral > contralateral)o Pulmonary vasculature is also abnormal leading to pulmonary hyperten... |
medmcqa_3538 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the syncytiotrophoblast reaches the basal membrane beneath the decidual cells, it dislodges them to further invade into the uterine stroma. dislodging is accomplished by degrading the cell adhesion molecules ( cams ) that link the decidual cells, and the associated extracellular matrix. degradation is achieved by... | [
"ab",
"bc",
"cd",
"de"
] | B | Most common sites of metastases in choriocarcinoma are:
Lung (80%) > Vagina (30%) > Pelvis (20%) > Liver (10%) and Brain (10%) |
qasc_1958 | qasc | <ctx>
thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. a thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal therm... | [
"with their fur",
"Drink water",
"focusing a lens",
"Go for a walk"
] | B | |
arc_challenge_489 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
to finish cooking a duck. she asks her mother why she is cooking when they are about to go to a feast in which her mother replies that they are going to stop by an ill, elderly woman's wigwam to feed her on the way to the feast. this causes zitkala - sa to feel ashamed to have forgotten about the woman. as they w... | [
"The plant makes less food.",
"The plant takes in less water.",
"The plant attracts fewer insects.",
"The plant does not have support."
] | A | |
medmcqa_1705 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the event of oxygen shortage ( hypoxia ), intracellular acidosis ( mediated by enhanced glycolytic rates and atp hydrolysis ), contributes to mitochondrial membrane potential and directly drives atp synthesis. most of the atp synthesized in the mitochondria will be used for cellular processes in the cytosol ; thu... | [
"Inactivation of serotonin",
"Conversion of angiotensin–I to angiotensin–II",
"Inactivation of bradykinin",
"Metabolism of basic drugs by cytochrome P–450 system"
] | B | Extracellular ACE on the surface endothelial cells in pulmonary circulation activates Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. |
openbookqa_1051 | openbookqa | <ctx>
l. r., ferson, s. and akcakaya, h. r. 1990. reconstructability of density dependence and the conservative assessment of extinction risk. conservation biology 4 : 63 - 70. ginzburg, l. r., slobodkin, l. b., johnson, k. and bindman, a. g. 1982. quasiextinction probabilities as a measure of impact on population grow... | [
"heightening",
"lessening",
"abundance",
"growth"
] | B | |
medmcqa_1837 | medmcqa | <ctx>
coffee bean, a lower amount in robustas, i. e. 4500 mg / 100 g. in arabica green coffee beans, the content of free glucose was 30 to 38 mg / 100 g, free fructose 23 to 30 mg / 100 g ; free galactose 35 mg / 100 g and mannitol 50 mg / 100 g dried coffee beans, respectively. mannitol is a powerful scavenger for hyd... | [
"NANA,hexose,fatty acid,glycerol",
"NANA,hexose,fatty acid,phosphorycholine",
"NANA,sphingosine,ethanolamine",
"NANA,hexose,sphingosine,long chain fatty acid,"
] | D | Gangliosides are the complex glycosphingolipids derived from glucosylceramide that contain in addition one or more molecules of sialic acid. Neuraminic acid is the principal sialic acid found in human tissues. Gangliosides are present in nervous tissue in high concentration.They help in cell-cell recognition and commun... |
mmlu_aux_2821 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv... | [
"there is more air",
"there is less air",
"there is nothing but air",
"there is no air"
] | D | null |
medmcqa_6306 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##yruvate carboxylase kinase turns the enzyme on, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphatase turns it back off. both kinase and phosphate are regulated by transcription. it is further believed that malate acts as a feedback inhibitor of kinase expression levels, and as an activator for phosphatase expres... | [
"Isocitrate Dehydrogenase",
"a ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase",
"Succinate Dehydrogenase",
"Aconitase"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., a ketoglutarate DehydrogenaseArsenite binds to the sulfhydryl group and hence inhibits the activity of enzymes which have lipoamide in the active site, Hence Arsenite inhibits Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and a ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of citric acid cycle, It is an example for non competitive inhibition... |
mmlu_aux_3145 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
and usb connector. power bank a power or battery bank is a portable device that stores energy in its built - in battery. power banks are made in various sizes and typically based on lithium ion batteries. a power bank contains battery cells and a voltage converter circuitry. the internal dc - dc converter manages... | [
"It doesn't have a battery or a charger.",
"It is properly marketed and sells well.",
"It's continuously charging from any area.",
"It has a highly conductive copper cover."
] | D | null |
medmcqa_7479 | medmcqa | <ctx>
9. 2 • relating pressure, volume, amount, and temperature : the ideal gas law 431 ( b ) the vs. v graph in figure 9. 13 ( c ) the boyle ’ s law equation comment on the likely accuracy of each method. answer : ( a ) about 17 – 18 ml ; ( b ) ~ 18 ml ; ( c ) 17. 7 ml ; it was more difficult to estimate well from the... | [
"Maximal inspiration",
"Maximal expiration",
"Normal inspiration",
"Normal expiration"
] | D | Ans. is d i.e., Normal expiration |
medmcqa_2374 | medmcqa | <ctx>
ovocyte and embryo quality. in order to optimise pregnancy rates, there is significant evidence that a morphological scoring system is the best strategy for the selection of embryos. since 2009 where the first time - lapse microscopy system for ivf was approved for clinical use, morphokinetic scoring systems has ... | [
"Thiopentone",
"Ketamine",
"Propofol",
"Diazepam"
] | C | Propofol is considered the anaesthesia of choice for day care surgery (out patient surgery) as induction is smooth & pleasant and recovery is rapid. |
medmcqa_3212 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a nail is a protective plate characteristically found at the tip of the digits ( fingers and toes ) of all primates, corresponding to the claws in other tetrapod animals. fingernails and toenails are made of a tough rigid protein called alpha - keratin, a polymer also found in the claws, hooves and horns of verte... | [
"The proper palmar digital branch of the median nerve",
"The vinculum longa",
"The insertion of the tendon of the extensor digitorum onto the base of the distal phalanx",
"The insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon"
] | C | The contraction of the extensor mechanism produces extension of the distal interphalangeal joint. When it is torn from the distal phalanx, the digit is pulled into flexion by the flexor digitorum profundus. The proper palmar digital branches of the median nerve supply lumbrical muscles and carry sensation from their re... |
aquarat_15259 | aquarat | <ctx>
s mean age at first birth 28. 5 years ( 2015 ) total fertility rate in the 19th century the total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. it is based on fairly good data for the entire period. sources : our world in data and gapminder foundation. births by country of birth of the parents about 22... | [
"A)28 4/7 years",
"B)31 5/7 years",
"C)32 1/7 years",
"D)None of these"
] | B | Required average
=((67 x 2 + 35 x 2 + 6 x 3)/(2 + 2 + 3))
=(134 + 70 + 18)/7
=222/7
= 31 5/7 years.
Answer : B |
openbookqa_3224 | openbookqa | <ctx>
beryllium is classified as an iarc group 1 carcinogen and can also cause interstitial lung disease. manufacturing workers, dental technicians, machinists, jewelers, plumbers, electricians, precious metal reclamation workers, and welders are at risk for beryllium exposure. cadmium cadmium is classified as an iarc ... | [
"a small sailboat",
"Saturn's rings",
"a windswept beach",
"a pleasant meadow"
] | B | |
openbookqa_2596 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##l. 20 : 433 - 447. stearns, s. c. 1989. trade - offs in life - history evolution. functional ecology 3 : 259 - 268. philipson, c. d. et al. 2014. a trait - based trade - off between growth and mortality : evidence from 15 tropical tree species using size - specific relative growth rates. ecology & evolution 4 :... | [
"a woman starving every day",
"mosquito on mars in space",
"a man without money to eat",
"a spider with an abundance of prey in web"
] | D | |
arc_challenge_833 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
matter with its environment, an entropy decrease of that system is entirely compatible with the second law. schrodinger asked the question : " how does the living organism avoid decay? " the obvious answer is : " by eating, drinking, breathing and ( in the case of plants ) assimilating. " while energy from nutrie... | [
"compounds",
"elements",
"molecules",
"cells"
] | D | |
medmcqa_3355 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##ia was the least abundant in the active stage and decreased even more during the dry stage. decomposition the manner in which bacteria colonize a cadaver is predictable when examining the time since death. only recent studies have taken place to determine if bacteria alone can inform the postmortem interval. ba... | [
"Mitochondria",
"Nucleus",
"Golgi apparatus",
"Lysosomes"
] | D | lysosomes Residual bodies are nothing but secondary lysosomes with undigested wastes. The digested materials are diffused into the cell cytoplasm through the lysosomal membrane. (Ref: www.sivabio.50web.com) |
medmcqa_6044 | medmcqa | <ctx>
association between cannabis use and neuropsychological decline. subjects were tested at various points in their life administering multiple different neuropsychological tests. the authors concluded that : persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. neuropsychological impa... | [
"Yawning",
"Seizures",
"Irritability",
"Tremors"
] | C | Irritability is the most common cannabis withdrawal syndrome Withdrawal symptoms- Irritability Depressed mood Sleep disturbances Headache |
medmcqa_1761 | medmcqa | <ctx>
a part of only one stage or in multiple stages depending on how old they are. formations can also be represented in multiple states depending on how far they reach. geology the cincinnati arch formed from ocean sediments deposited between 488 and 444 million years ago on the north american continent. the geology ... | [
"Right 6th aoic arch",
"Left 6th aoic arch",
"Right 4th aoic arch",
"Left 4th aoic arch"
] | D | HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:254 The arch of aoa is derived from the ventral pa of the aoic sac ,its left horn,and the left fouh arch aery |
mmlu_aux_7545 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
the team flew the 4 × 4 cm sized mechanical bees over pink - leaved japanese lilies ( lilium japonicum ), letting them absorb the pollen. the drones were then flown to a second flower, where grains were deposited to artificially pollinate the plants, causing them to begin the process of generating seeds. this did... | [
"there are fewer total plants",
"that plant type rolls out",
"there is an earthquake",
"there is exactly two trees"
] | B | null |
aquarat_26692 | aquarat | <ctx>
combine to a product of small primes to an even power — that is, a subset of the whose squares multiply to the square of a ( hopefully different ) number mod n. method suppose the composite number n is being factored. bound b is chosen, and the factor base is identified ( which is called p ), the set of all prime... | [
"A)a) 10^4",
"B)b) 10^8",
"C)c) 10^7",
"D)d) 10^6"
] | A | Group these numbers so as to get product close to a multiple of 10, so they can be rewritten as (2*5)(3*7)(11*13) or 10*21*143
Now take out power of 10 from each number and rewrite
10*10*100*(1*2.1*1.43) or 10^4*(1*2.1*1.43)== 3.03*10^4
Which is greater than 10^4
A. |
medmcqa_7011 | medmcqa | <ctx>
leading to transmission. a satellite virus important to human health that demonstrates the need for co - infection to replicate and infect within a host is the virus that causes hepatitis d. hepatitis d or delta virus ( hdv ) was discovered in 1977 by mario rizzetto and is differentiated from hepatitis a, b, and ... | [
"Parvovirus",
"Adenovirus",
"HPV",
"Coronavirus"
] | B | Adenovirus causes Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children and generalized exanthem. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:482 |
aquarat_21924 | aquarat | <ctx>
multiple choice questionnaire, while the results are made transparent. the average approval rate lays around 80 / 100 with those scoring below more than three times mostly leaving the company. risk salary : in order to have fluctuating labour costs with losses and profits, about a third of the employees may have ... | [
"A)2140",
"B)1140",
"C)550",
"D)650"
] | A | Amount earned using her cell phone = 70 * 22 = 1540
earned for remaining surveys = 30 * 20 = 600
Total earning = 2140
Answer : A |
arc_easy_164 | arc_easy | <ctx>
and scientists have continued to study his work and theories by the use of microbes. specifically, darwin's theory of natural selection is a source used. studying evolution by using microbial genetics involves scientists looking at evolutionary balance. an example of how they may accomplish this is studying natur... | [
"control the behavior.",
"prove that the behavior is beneficial.",
"evaluate different explanations of the behavior.",
"conclude how the behavior will change in the future."
] | C | |
aquarat_3449 | aquarat | <ctx>
when it comes to who and when they marry. firstly, many older generations consider the ideal age to get married to be 23 for women and 25 for men. in particular, females are expected to marry before their late twenties, or they would be titled " sheng nu ", in other words, " leftover women. " however, as many you... | [
"A)12 years",
"B)27 years",
"C)19 years",
"D)18 years"
] | C | Sum of the present ages of husband, wife and child
= (23 * 2 + 5 * 2) + 1 = 57 years.
Required average = (57/3) = 19 years.
Answer: C |
aquarat_21773 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 : [ ensure r ≥ s. ] [ ensure the smaller of the two numbers is in s and the larger in r ] : if r > s then the contents of l is the larger number so skip over the exchange - steps 4, 5 and 6 : goto step 7 else swap the contents of r and s. l ← r ( this first step is redundant, but is useful for later discussio... | [
"A)4",
"B)5",
"C)2",
"D)1"
] | C | r = ||s – 3| – 2| can be 4 only and only when s-3= +/-9. so there are 2 values of s
Answer : C |
medmcqa_5749 | medmcqa | <ctx>
chondroblasts. hmgb - 1, a growth factor which promotes chondrocyte division while receptors for advanced glycation products ( rage ) mediated chemotaxis to clean up cell debris resulting from the damage. chondroblasts then secrete cartilage matrix around themselves in order to reform the lost cartilage tissue. h... | [
"Metaphysis",
"Diaphysis",
"Epiphysis",
"Medullary cavity"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' ie Epiphysis Apley's orthopedics writes - "Chondroblastoma is one of the few lesion to appear primarily in the epiphysis" |
aquarat_47077 | aquarat | <ctx>
similar results as the original criterion. for single assets ( stock, index fund, etc. ), and a risk - free rate, it is easy to obtain the optimal fraction to invest through geometric brownian motion. the stochastic differential equation governing the evolution of a lognormally distributed asset at time ( ) is wh... | [
"A)Rs. 65,000",
"B)Rs. 50,000",
"C)Rs. 80,000",
"D)Rs. 90,000"
] | B | Invested by Gopal = 25000/1*2 = 50000
ANSWER : B |
arc_challenge_890 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
mathematics and physics necessary for answering questions such as this. a car of mass m moves with constant angular speed around a circular curve of radius r ( figure 3. 20 ). the curve is banked at an angle if the height of the car off the ground is h, then the position of the car at time t is given by the funct... | [
"The force of gravity acting on the car increases.",
"The force of gravity acting on the car decreases.",
"The forces influencing the car are not balanced.",
"The forces influencing the car are balanced."
] | C | |
medmcqa_352 | medmcqa | <ctx>
system, can be fatal. taeniasis is not fatal. it is usually contracted after eating undercooked contaminated pork. taeniasis has mild symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. drugs are used to treat both diseases. infection can be prevented through stricter meat - inspection standard... | [
"Cinchonism",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Hypoglycemia",
"Hypokalemia"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hypoglycemia o Sweating and palpitations suggest hypoglycemia; which can occur due to quinine. Cinchonism is characterized by ringing in ears, nausea, vomiting, veigo, headache, mental confusion, difficulty in hearing and vision. Hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias develop on rapid i.v. injection. |
openbookqa_1591 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the example illustrate how the specific problem - solving strategies are applied. these involve identifying knowns and unknowns, checking to see if the answer is reasonable, and so forth. solution for ( a ) we are given the initial and final velocities ( zero and 8. 00 m / s forward ) ; thus, the change in veloci... | [
"a dog sees",
"a ball sits",
"a child notices",
"a foot exerts"
] | D | |
openbookqa_476 | openbookqa | <ctx>
. the cells of the spongy layer are more branched and not so tightly packed, so that there are large intercellular air spaces between them. the pores or stomata of the epidermis open into substomatal chambers, which are connected to the intercellular air spaces between the spongy and palisade mesophyll cell, so t... | [
"acts as a delivery person for a plant",
"acts as a trainer for a plant",
"acts as a doctor for a plant",
"acts as a farmer for a plant"
] | A | |
medmcqa_3071 | medmcqa | <ctx>
subgingival calculus is a frequent finding as well as supragingival calculus due to the bacteria migrating apically and the combined effect of the host response system of the body. diagnosis 1999 classification chronic periodontitis is one of the seven destructive periodontal diseases as listed in the 1999 classi... | [
"Active hepatitis",
"Chronic active hepatitis",
"Chronic persistent hepatitis",
"Acoholic heaptitis"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chronic persistent hepatitiso Intact limiting membrae with inflammation confined to poal area is seen in chronic persistent hepatitis. |
medmcqa_2742 | medmcqa | <ctx>
heart rate, broncho - constriction, digestion, and the innate immune response. the vagus nerve innervates the celiac ganglion, the site of origin of the splenic nerve. stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve slows heart rate, induces gastrointestinal motility, and inhibits tnf production in spleen. stimulation of... | [
"Alkalosis",
"Decrease PCo2",
"Increase PCo2",
"Decrease Pao2"
] | D | Response to Co2, PaCO2 is most impoant factor in control of ventilation under normal conditions. PCo2 is most impoant input regulating magnitude of ventilation under resting conditions. Changes in alveolar ventilation have immediate, pronounced effect on aerial Pco2 (unlike Po2). Even slight alterations from normal Pco... |
openbookqa_1583 | openbookqa | <ctx>
in the same - different discrimination task. two arrays of items were presented simultaneously in which the two sets of items were either identical or different from one another. pigeons were required to distinguish between the two arrays of items in which the level of difficulty was varied. pigeons were provided... | [
"their feet",
"inside their heads",
"their spines",
"their homes"
] | B | |
arc_challenge_76 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many macromolecules such as proteins, dna and rna, as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. the term comes from the latin word meaning'small roo... | [
"The adult has more cells than the baby.",
"The baby has simpler cells than an adult.",
"The baby has smaller cells than the adult.",
"The adult has different types of cells than the baby."
] | A | |
arc_challenge_943 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
in the recent past the problem of removing the deleterious iron particles from a process stream had a few alternatives. magnetic separation was typically limited and moderately effective. magnetic separators that used permanent magnets could generate fields of low intensity only. these worked well in removing fer... | [
"clear glass and green glass.",
"paper cups and plastic cups.",
"iron nails and aluminum nails.",
"sand and salt."
] | C | |
openbookqa_1467 | openbookqa | <ctx>
as all lifeforms on earth share an underlying biochemistry ; organisms exceptional in their environmental resilience are classified as extremophiles, these for the most part exhibiting radically different susceptibilities. ecological lifetime a poison which enters the food chain — whether of industrial, agricultu... | [
"a naval mine",
"a short drizzle",
"eating a meal",
"a light breeze"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_1818 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
an endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and invasive species. the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn )... | [
"A union for listing animals and plants on the earth",
"A group of volunteers who are interested in wildlife",
"An organization concerning the protection of rare species' survival",
"A government made up officials, scientists and experts"
] | C | null |
openbookqa_817 | openbookqa | <ctx>
26. 5 telescopes learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • outline the invention of a telescope. • describe the working of a telescope. telescopes are meant for viewing distant objects, producing an image that is larger than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. telescopes... | [
"heavenly bodies",
"star charts",
"animals",
"water"
] | A | |
openbookqa_2362 | openbookqa | <ctx>
iron " ( a larger mass of metal, usually copper ) which is in contact with the working tip made of copper. usually, soldering irons can be fitted with a variety of tips, ranging from blunt, to very fine, to chisel heads for hot - cutting plastics rather than soldering. plain copper tips are subject to errosion / ... | [
"an angel",
"a kite",
"a bird",
"space craft"
] | D | |
aquarat_40989 | aquarat | <ctx>
| | 30 | | 36 | | 32 | | 48 | | 20 | | 66 | | 32 | | 44 | | 24 | -! 70 | 70 | | 24 | | 72 | | 36 | | 40 | | 36 | | 60 | | 24 | | 78 | | 32 | -! 80 | 54 | | 40 | | 82 | | 24 | | 64 | | 42 | | 56 | | 40 | | 88 | | 24 | -! 90 | 72 | | 44 | | 60 | | 46 | | 72 | | 32 | | 96 | | 42 | | 60 | | 40 | } in the graph at rig... | [
"A)2",
"B)3",
"C)5",
"D)7"
] | C | 4^17 - 2^30
=(2^2)^17 - 2^30
= 2^34 - 2^30
= 2^30 (2^4 -1)
= 2^30 * (16-1)
= 2^30 * 15
= 2^30 * 3 * 5
The greatest prime factor is 5.
The answer is C. |
openbookqa_2592 | openbookqa | <ctx>
terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land ( e. g. cats, chickens, ants, spiders ), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water ( e. g. fish, lobsters, octopuses ), and amphibians, which rely on aquatic and terrestrial habitats ( e. g. frogs... | [
"remote",
"eggshells",
"Iguanas",
"candy blooded"
] | C | |
medmcqa_4027 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in underserved regions. physicians cite barriers with inability to perform a full neurologic exam in addition to technology and reimbursement issues. new telemedicine technologies being used or evaluated in the context of telemedicine include proprietary wearables, self - sensing and adjusting closed loop systems... | [
"Dicyclomine",
"Methacoline",
"Pirenzepine",
"Aclidinium"
] | C | Pirenzepine is a M1 receptor antagonist.
Acetyl choline acts on M1 receptors present on gastric glands to increase acid secretion and Pirenzepine is used to treat peptic ulcer disease by blocking these receptors. |
medmcqa_8119 | medmcqa | <ctx>
cancer, lung cancer, and clonal hematopoiesis. three studies over nearly a decade demonstrated the power of the population datasets in iceland by showing that both common and rare variants linked to increased nicotine addiction and the number of cigarettes smoked per day were also a risk factor for lung cancer an... | [
"Osteoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Fivrosarcoma",
"All"
] | B | Osteosarcoma Osteosarcomas are bulky tumors that are gritty, gray-white, and often contain areas of hemorrhage and cystic degeneration (Fig. 26-24). The tumors frequently destroy the surrounding coices and produce soft tissue masses. They spread exten- sively in the medullary canal, infiltrating and replacing hemato- p... |
aquarat_42309 | aquarat | <ctx>
hectares. given that total global farmland takes up just over 4 billion hectares, these acquisitions could equate to around 1 per cent of global farmland. however, in practice, land acquired may not have previously been used as farmland, it may be covered by forests, which also equate to about 4 billion hectares ... | [
"A)483",
"B)720",
"C)885",
"D)645"
] | B | Let x be the number of days in the initial plan. Therefore, the whole field is 120⋅x hectares. The farmer had to work for x+2 days, and he ploughed 85(x+2) hectares, leaving 40 hectares unploughed. Then we have the equation:
120x=85(x+2)+40
35x=210
x=6
So the farmer planned to have the work done in 6 days, and the area... |
medmcqa_2008 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the central zirconium and tungsten. geometrically, the two shapes can " pivot " around these corner - sharing oxygens, without a distortion of the polyhedra themselves. this pivoting is what is thought to lead to the negative thermal expansion, as in certain low frequency normal modes this leads to the contractin... | [
"9-20% copper",
"13-20% copper",
"9-30% copper",
"13-30% copper"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_875 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the soil surrounding these factories has been saturated with lead, chromium, tin, and other heavy metals. discarded electronics lie in pools of toxins that leach into the groundwater, making the water undrinkable to the extent that water must be trucked in from elsewhere. lead levels in the river sediment are dou... | [
"heavy metals threaten some forms of life.",
"heavy metals will increase available resources.",
"exposure to heavy metals causes healthy mutations.",
"mining for heavy metals causes environmental stability."
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_4043 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, 1969. the apollo 14 astronauts deployed a retroreflector on february 5, 1971, and mcdonald observatory detected it the same day. the apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on july 31, 1971, and was detected by mcdonald observatory within a few days. smaller retroreflectors were also put on the moon by the russia... | [
"proof to hide the truth",
"stupid and unnecessary",
"needed to convince the non-believers",
"important to develop space technology"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_6471 | medmcqa | <ctx>
one side of the membrane than the other. as the protons diffuse back across the membrane, the free energy liberated by this diffusion is used to co - transport sucrose. in mammals, glucose is transported through sodium dependent glucose transporters, which use energy in this process. here, since both glucose and ... | [
"Sodium symport",
"Sodium anteport",
"Potassium transport",
"Amino acid transport"
] | A | Na+- Glucose co-transport. Glucose is reabsorbed 100% in Proximal Tubule |
arc_easy_425 | arc_easy | <ctx>
plant species in a specific environment may be quantified by its abundance, and depending on the life form of the plant different measures of abundance may be relevant, e. g. density, biomass, or plant cover. the change in the abundance of a plant species may be due to both abiotic factors, e. g. climate change, ... | [
"the process of meiosis in a fruit fly",
"fertilization of a chicken egg",
"binary fission in an amoeba",
"the process of embryo development in a mouse"
] | C | |
qasc_1492 | qasc | <ctx>
above 4, 000 m, for glaciers in the kuri chhu basin and drangme chhu basin ; debris free glaciers exhibit lower snouts. retreat several programs concerned with monitoring trans - himalayan glaciers are underway, and a heterogeneous shrinkage is the general rule. most of the glaciers in bhutan are summer - accumul... | [
"warm weather",
"sun's heat",
"rainfall",
"heat energy"
] | A | |
medmcqa_7293 | medmcqa | <ctx>
when the vessel is 70 % occluded. lack of oxygen may also result in a myocardial infarction ( heart attack ). cad can be contracted over time. risk factors include a family history of cad, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, inactive lifestyle, mental stress and high cholesterol. angina can also occu... | [
"Thymoma",
"Lung cancer",
"Hodgkin's lymphoma",
"Superior vena caval obstruction"
] | D | Answer is D (Superior Vena cava obsuction) : The patient in question is presenting with classical signs and symptoms of superior mediastinal syndrome or Superior vena caval syndrome. Lung cancer is the commonest cause of superior vana caval syndrome or SVC obstruction. As the options provided include superior vena cava... |
mmlu_aux_5334 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
less likely to complete the migration. normally travelling about a day while migrating, the caribou can run at speeds of. young calves can already outrun an olympic sprinter when only 1 day old. during the spring migration, smaller herds will group together to form larger herds of 50, 000 to 500, 000 animals, but... | [
"Animals like to use warm coats and heater.",
"The pets like dogs ad cats also migrate.",
"Birds like to migrate to different places every year.",
"Some animals migrate."
] | D | null |
medmcqa_4487 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the green electronics council offers the electronic product environmental assessment tool ( epeat ) to assist in the purchase of " greener " computing systems. the council evaluates computing equipment on 51 criteria – 23 required and 28 optional - that measure a product's efficiency and sustainability attributes... | [
"API more than 2 for the last 3 years",
"Plasmodium falciparum more than 30% of total malaria cases",
"The area has been reporting deaths",
"The area has been reporting epidemics"
] | D | Under EMCP (Enhanced Malaria Control Project) launched in 1997, the criteria for selection of PHCs (Primary Health Center) include API more than 2 for the last 3 years, Plasmodium falciparum more than 30% of total malaria cases and the area has been reporting deaths. |
mmlu_aux_4030 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
emissions reductions the hybrid vehicle typically achieves greater fuel economy and lower emissions than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles ( icevs ), resulting in fewer emissions being generated. these savings are primarily achieved by three elements of a typical hybrid design : relying on both the... | [
"it allows the car to come to a quick stop",
"it gives the driver a smoother ride",
"it produces energy to charge the battery",
"it can control the speed of the car"
] | C | null |
mmlu_aux_3073 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
ability to use reasoning should be identical regardless of the context. this is not what is observed. when faced with abstract numbers and letters with no " real world " significance, respondents of the wason card test generally do very poorly. however, when exposed to a test with an identical rule set but social... | [
"The birds did better in RMTS than in IMTS.",
"The birds were first made to do RMTS, then IMTS.",
"The birds picked almost all the correct cards in RMTS",
"In the IMTS test, the birds needed to identify the sample card to get rewards."
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_6981 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
temperate regions will experience changes in boreal forest cover, while vanishing mountain glaciers will cause problems such as water shortages and increased risks of glacial lake flooding. coastal zones are under increasing risk from sea level rises as well as pollution and overexploitation of natural resources.... | [
"solar panels",
"energy",
"coal power plants",
"wind turbines"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_2091 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##tremism. integralism in the narrow sense is often but controversially applied to the integral nationalism and action francaise movement founded by charles maurras although maurras was an atheist and his movement was condemned by rome as'political modernism'in 1926. jacques maritain claimed that his own position... | [
"Suspension by wrist",
"Beating of feet",
"Placing electric wires in vagina",
"Clamping of thighs between bamboos"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beating of feet * Beating may be of following types -i) Falanga (Falolka/Baatinada) : Beating of soles of feet with blunt object.ii) Telefono : Simultaneous beating of both ears with palms.iii) Quirofana : Beating on abdomen while upper half of body lying unsupported on table. |
medmcqa_9577 | medmcqa | <ctx>
been put forth. studies have shown an increased incidence in siblings, suggesting a genetic component. at least one study has also shown a predilection in the white population. it has also been reported to be more common in males. however, there is no concrete evidence to suggest a genetic trait and instead, the ... | [
"Anterior dislocation",
"Posterior dislocation",
"Central dislocation",
"Lateral dislocation"
] | C | Ans. c. Central dislocation |
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