Split (1)

train · 35.5k rows

id string	dataset string	question string	options list	answer string	explanation string
medmcqa_3307	medmcqa	<ctx> domain of environment, community medicine, biophysics, alternative energy, bio - statistics and genetic engineering. projects platelet indices in the cases of plasmodium vivax malaria mapping of subsurface aquifers through resistivity survey in rabwah detection of thin hydrocarbon reservoir sands and coal seams t...	[ "Very severe disease", "Severe Pneumonia", "Pneumonia", "No Pneumonia" ]	A	The child is unable to drink water for 12hrs & weight of the child is 5kg which is less than expected (12kg), which shows severe malnutrition. Inability to drink constitutes a danger sign amongst the clinical manifestations and classifies the pneumonia as very severe disease. Ref: Park's Textbook Of Preventive And Soci...
qasc_3926	qasc	<ctx> . this completes the stress response process. if the response has the desired effect, the situation should resolve, otherwise further thought and another response will be needed. the dive maxim, " stop, breathe, think, act " is generally a good response, but it is not appropriate for all diving emergencies. this ...	[ "meiosis", "rain levels", "photosynthesis", "blood acidity" ]	D
pubmedqa_835	pubmedqa	<ctx> identified a previously unknown, complementary and potentially superior mechanism of inhibiting the erbb receptor signaling network. erbb3 was found to be the most sensitive node, leading to akt activation ; akt regulates many biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and growth, which are all releva...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	B
medmcqa_8619	medmcqa	<ctx> to either ear. this facilitation effect tends to be greater when the facilitator tone has a frequency lower than the frequency of the elicitor ( i. e. the sound used to trigger the acoustic reflex ). characteristics and effects for most animals, the acoustic reflex is the contraction of both middle ear muscles : ...	[ "Internal laryngeal nerve", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve", "Superior laryngeal nerve", "All of the above" ]	D	Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Above the vocal cords the sensory innervation of larynx is internal laryngeal nerve (a branch of superior laryngeal nerve). Below vocal cords it is by way of branches of recurrent laryngeal nerve. The vocal cord itself receives dual innervation from both nerves"_en.wikipedia Nerve sup...
medmcqa_2776	medmcqa	<ctx> potentially treat other diseases including visceral leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness ), and angelman syndrome. total synthesis another main contribution of mark cushman and his group deals with the synthesis of various natural products and pharmacologically active synthetic substances. s...	[ "Single dose in ascariasis", "Immunostimulant", "Paralysis of worms by depolarisation", "Immunodepressant in high doses" ]	D	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Immunodepressant in high doses Levamisol o Levamisole is an immunomodulator - restores depressed T cell function -3 Immunostimulant (not immunodepressant). o Single dose of levamisol can be used in ascariasis. Other uses --> A. duodenal (less active against N. americana). o It causes tonic paralysis (...
aquarat_915	aquarat	<ctx> regular numbers are numbers that evenly divide powers of 60 ( or, equivalently, powers of 30 ). equivalently, they are the numbers whose only prime divisors are 2, 3, and 5. as an example, 602 = 3600 = 48 × 75, so as divisors of a power of 60 both 48 and 75 are regular. these numbers arise in several areas of mat...	[ "A)10", "B)45", "C)54", "D)60" ]	C	All numbers except 54 is multiple of 5. answer :C
medmcqa_2311	medmcqa	<ctx> measured in the observer's first dorsal interosseus muscle of the right hand. the results of the experiment showed that when the video clip showed a hand belonging to a person of the same racial group, the measured corticospinal excitability to the right hand of the observer was reduced. this inhibition effect wa...	[ "A cracked tooth", "Acute reversible pulpitis", "Acute irreversible pulpitis", "Acute apical periodontitis" ]	A
medmcqa_5547	medmcqa	<ctx> , poverty, and exclusion from legal social services have increased their vulnerability to hiv infection. health risks and transmission of hiv as well as other sexually transmitted infections ( stis ) are increased in incidences where condom usage and accessibility is limited or used to identify and criminalize se...	[ "Candida albicans", "Echinococcus", "Molluscum contagiosum", "Group B streptococcus" ]	B	Candida albicans, molluscum contagiosum virus and group B streptococcus are sexually transmitted diseases. Echinococcus granulosus is spread through feco-oral route. Sexually transmitted pathogens include : Bacteria such as Neisseria Gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Treponema pallidum, Hemophilus d...
openbookqa_1724	openbookqa	<ctx> gas flares at chemical manufacturing plants or oil wells. flame structure within a combustion chamber containing porous media, structure of the environment can be assumed as follows. a preheating region exists prior to the surface of the flame front denoted by δp. preheating length is marked by the beginning of t...	[ "fire extinguishers", "water", "smothering", "candle wax" ]	D
openbookqa_1978	openbookqa	<ctx> of truth – to what extent a proposition is true, or the probability that the proposition is true. boolean operations the original application for boolean operations was mathematical logic, where it combines the truth values, true or false, of individual formulas. natural language natural languages such as english...	[ "the equator has winter and summer at the same time", "humans on the equator celebrate Christmas in May", "the equator is always cold", "humans on the equator can go either north or south to change season" ]	D
aquarat_18301	aquarat	<ctx> all the 3 - multisubsets of the set s = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }. this is displayed in the following table. the second column lists the donuts you actually chose, the third column shows the nonnegative integer solutions of the equation and the last column gives the stars and bars representation of the solutions. number of ...	[ "A)9", "B)7", "C)8", "D)6" ]	C	This is a combination solution Since we have 3 different kinds of Balls other than the green ball we can take any ball from the set of 3 to make a subset as follows. 3C1 +3C2 + 3C3 = 7 Plus the one set that is null that is the Set having no element in it which is 3C0 =1 = 7 + 1 = 8 C = 8
aquarat_16761	aquarat	<ctx> students. interviewing his students to determine why the vast majority initially rejected the equality, he found that " students continued to conceive of 0. 999... as a sequence of numbers getting closer and closer to 1 and not a fixed value, because'you haven't specified how many places there are'or'it is the ne...	[ "A)7,599", "B)9,750", "C)9,975", "D)9,984" ]	A	1st number= 10,000 2nd number = 70% of 10,000= 7000 3rd number= 70% of 7000= 4900 4th number = 70% of 4900= 3430 5th number= 70% of 3430= 2401 Range = 10,000-2401=7599 A is the answer
openbookqa_989	openbookqa	<ctx> a tiny hole at the top, which converts the liquid into gas that room, heat transfer from the gas to the room a substance due to electrostatic phenomena, as will be detailed in this module. these forces serve to hold particles close together, whereas the particles ’ ke provides the energy required to overcome th...	[ "in circles", "forward", "down", "up" ]	D
aquarat_13835	aquarat	<ctx> of use a professor's exam scores are approximately distributed normally with mean 80 and standard deviation 5. only a cumulative from mean table is available. what is the probability that a student scores an 82 or less? what is the probability that a student scores a 90 or more? what is the probability that a stu...	[ "A)I", "B)II", "C)III", "D)III" ]	C	If we order the scores increasingly, then on the 49th place we have the score of 85. There must be 48 scores (those on the right of the 85 score) greater or equal to 85. So, I is necessarily correct. The scores on the left of the 49th place, all have to be equal or less than 85. Since we can have the extreme case of al...
mmlu_aux_4467	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> the 215th meeting of the american astronomical society ( aas ) took place in washington, d. c., jan. 3 to jan. 7, 2010. it is one of the largest astronomy meetings ever to take place as 3, 500 astronomers and researchers were expected to attend and give more than 2, 200 scientific presentations. the meeting was a...	[ "Youngest planet seen as it's forming.", "Planet 450 light years away discovered.", "World's first direct image of a planet taken.", "New technique helps discover young planets." ]	A	null
qasc_2312	qasc	<ctx> small populations can behave differently from larger populations. they are often the result of population bottlenecks from larger populations, leading to loss of heterozygosity and reduced genetic diversity and loss or fixation of alleles and shifts in allele frequencies. a small population is then more susceptib...	[ "Pollution", "reproduction", "viruses", "disease" ]	A
openbookqa_237	openbookqa	<ctx> visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision ( daytime vision ), color vision, scotopic vision ( night vision ), and mesopic vision ( twilight vision ), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. this is different from visual a...	[ "a radio recording", "shove from behind", "a label", "a loud noise" ]	C
openbookqa_3049	openbookqa	<ctx> human extinction is the hypothetical end of the human species, either by population decline due to extraneous natural causes, such as an asteroid impact or large - scale volcanism, or via anthropogenic destruction ( self - extinction ), for example by sub - replacement fertility. some of the many possible contrib...	[ "reversible extinction", "cannot be undone", "reversible", "a subspecies" ]	B
aquarat_26502	aquarat	<ctx> retain everything posted each day, including spam floods, without deleting anything. modern usenet news servers have enough capacity to archive years of binary content even when flooded with new data at the maximum daily speed available. in part because of such long retention times, as well as growing internet up...	[ "A) 2 hr", "B) 2hr 20 min", "C) 2hr 40 min", "D) 5 hr 40 min" ]	C	Server P processes 480/4 files per hour = 120 per hour Server Y processes 180/8 files per hour = 60 per hour Total files processed per hour when P and Y work together = 120+60 per hour = 180 files per hour 480/180 = 2 2/3 hours=C
openbookqa_121	openbookqa	<ctx> wears away. because the motion of most brakes is not perfectly horizontal, the pads may lose their centering as they wear, causing the pads to wear unevenly. over longer time and use, rims can become worn. rims should be checked for wear periodically as they can fail catastrophically if the braking surface become...	[ "it would need to be repaired", "you could tape it", "it might fall off", "it might get flat" ]	C
aquarat_36660	aquarat	<ctx> are indeed independent. consider the probability of typing the word banana on a typewriter with 50 keys. suppose that the keys are pressed randomly and independently, meaning that each key has an equal chance of being pressed regardless of what keys had been pressed previously. the chance that the first letter ty...	[ "A)2Workers", "B)3Workers", "C)6Workers", "D)7Workers" ]	C	2Worker 2pages 2minutes 1Worker 1page 2minutes 1worker 18pages 36minutes Therefore to reduce the time by 6 times, workers should be increased by 6 times ANSWER:C
medmcqa_9775	medmcqa	<ctx> of metazoan parasite populations. " the main reason for this is probably either that some hosts are more exposed to parasites, or that they are more susceptible to them. aggregation is seen in directly transmitted parasites ( those not using a vector ) from many groups : ectoparasites like lice and mites, marine ...	[ "Indian tick typhus", "Q. fever", "Relapsing fever", "Scrub typhus" ]	D
openbookqa_1381	openbookqa	<ctx> . they measure 47 – 51 cm from bill tip to tail tip, and weigh some 200 to 300 g. they have an almost uniform smoky - grey plumage with long tails and ( similar to mousebirds ) a wispy, back - swept crest of some 6 to 7 cm in length. the crest can be raised almost vertically when excited. the strong, decurved bea...	[ "wing", "teeth", "beak", "leg" ]	C
aquarat_32080	aquarat	<ctx> themselves on a specific random numbering of the drawers, provided that the director does not overhear this or does not bother to respond by replacing numbers in the boxes before the prisoners are let in. one prisoner may make one change in the case that one prisoner may enter the room first, inspect all boxes, a...	[ "A)2/9", "B)13/2", "C)15/4", "D)16/15" ]	A	The total possibilities existing while withdrawing two keys are: 9C2 = 36 For Ram to win, 8 combinations exist assuming Key 1 to unlock the treasure E.g(1,2), (1,3)....(1,8) P = 8/36 = 2/9 Option A
medmcqa_6457	medmcqa	<ctx> cells lose their apical - basal polarity due to disruption in tight intercellular junctions and loss of cellular adhesion molecules ( such as e - cadherin and integrins ) ; the cellular actin cytoskeleton is changed and subjected to remodeling with the formation of stress fibers that are collected in certain cell...	[ "Keratin pearls", "Foam cells", "Nuclear palisading", "Psammoma bodies" ]	C	The characteristic finding is of ovoid cells in nests with a single 'palisading' layer. It is only the outer layer of cells that actively divide, explaining why tumour growth rates are slower than their cell cycle speed would suggest.Ref: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 605
aquarat_2253	aquarat	<ctx> stock under different stock valuation methods can be confusing. another example is modelling labour variances with learning curve corrections and stock level changes. with the absence of a basic profit model in an algebraic form, confident development of such models is difficult. the development of spreadsheets h...	[ "A)25% loss", "B)25% profit", "C)20% loss", "D)20% profit" ]	C	Let the cost price of 1 article be $1. Therefore, cost price of 20 articles = 20 * 1 = $20 The selling price of 25 articles = cost price of 20 articles = $20. Now, we know the selling price of 25 articles. Let us find the cost price of 25 articles. Cost price of 25 articles = 25 * 1 = $25. Therefore, profit made on sal...
medmcqa_1791	medmcqa	<ctx> ##phocytes demonstration of negative cooperativity in insulin and igf receptors as well as other rtks and gpcrs delineation of the two receptor binding surfaces of insulin and igfs molecular basis of mitogenicity of insulin and insulin analogues mathematical model of the insulin and igf - i receptor based on biva...	[ "Increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity", "Increases the transpo of glucose into the cells", "Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase", "Decreases intracellular cAMP level" ]	C	Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase Role of insulin in lipogenesis: Insulin promotes lipogenesis by increasing activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, the principal enzyme of lipogenesis Insulin promotes the entry of glucose in some tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes and thus increases the availability of ...
mmlu_aux_4695	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> voice the barred fish - owl territorial song or call is a deep hoot, hoo or hoo - hoo also sometimes transliterated as whooa - who, whooa - who. the hoots slightly drop in pitch towards the end. if it is a double - hoot, there is an interval of about two seconds between the hoots. other vocalizations known for th...	[ "it has a beautiful body", "it has big eyes", "it can look straight ahead", "it can turn its neck" ]	B	null
aquarat_31547	aquarat	<ctx> this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33 all terms involving on the left hand side and all other terms on the right hand side. solve for, and insert the numerical values : 14. 12 14. 13 14. 14 14. 15 a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try ...	[ "A)2", "B)4", "C)6", "D)8" ]	D	X,8,6,2,-4, -12 i guess each differ in d range of 2 8 - 8 = 0 8 - 6 = 2 6 - 2 = 4 2 - 6 = -4 -4 - 8 = -12 ANSWER:D
medmcqa_4043	medmcqa	<ctx> and the most common symptom reported by women of all races is shortness of breath. other symptoms more commonly reported by women than men are extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, indigestion, and anxiety. however, some women do experience irregular heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, and nausea. burning, pain, or pr...	[ "Hemorrhagic pericarditis", "Infective endocarditis", "Libman-Sacks endocarditis", "Mitral valve prolapse" ]	C	Libman-Sacks endocarditis affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Small granular vegetations consisting of fibrin develop on the undersurface of the leaflets of mitral and aoic valves. Fragments of vegetations may detach, resulting in embolism. Eventually, vegetations heal by organization of fibrin an...
mmlu_aux_172	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 5. 2 calorimetry 14. a 500 - ml bottle of water at room temperature and a 2 - l bottle of water at the same temperature were placed in a refrigerator. after 30 minutes, the 500 - ml bottle of water had cooled to the temperature of the refrigerator. an hour later, the 2 - l of water had cooled to the same temperat...	[ "All liquids evaporate.", "Gasoline gets hotter than water.", "Some liquids evaporate faster than others.", "Liquids will only evaporate in sunshine. (E) Water gets hotter than gasoline" ]	C	null
aquarat_11491	aquarat	<ctx> > = d, statement entered step 5b : r = 0 ( r−d ) step 5c : q = 11 ( setting q ( i ) to 1 ) end q = 112 ( 310 ) and r = 0. slow division methods slow division methods are all based on a standard recurrence equation where : rj is the j - th partial remainder of the division b is the radix ( base, usually 2 internal...	[ "A)6", "B)2", "C)5", "D)0" ]	D	we are not concerned what 41/88 means.. we have to look at the decimal.. 0.6590means 0.465909090.... so leaving girst,second and third digit to the right of decimal, all ODD numbered are 0 and all EVEn numbered are 9.. here 77 is odd, so ans is 0 Answer is D
aquarat_38320	aquarat	<ctx> ). the first few digits after the 02 indicate the original mobile network that issued the number. telephone numbers must always be dialled in full for mobile phones. in the late 1990s however, telecom mobile phones could dial other telecom mobile phones without the ( then ) 025 prefix, making 025 act like a landl...	[ "A)2276", "B)2516", "C)2746", "D)2356" ]	A	the diff of the numbers in the series is same i.e 569. 5690-5121=569 5121-4552=569 4552-3983=569 3983-3414=569 3414-2845=569 so,2845-2276=569 so ans is 2276. ANSWER:A
mmlu_aux_1686	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> . emulating nature : the rise of industrial ecology. ecos, ( 129 ), 22 - 26. smith, j. ( 2007 ). it's only natural. the ecologist, 37 ( 8 ), 52 - 55. thompson, d'arcy w., on growth and form. dover 1992 reprint of 1942 2nd ed. ( 1st ed., 1917 ). vogel, s. ( 2000 ). cats'paws and catapults : mechanical worlds of na...	[ "many inventions get ideas from nature.", "Some animals possess unique skills.", "People should protect nature.", "Bionics is far from perfect" ]	A	null
aquarat_45971	aquarat	<ctx> industrial digital printers can be divided into a variety of different categories. as the industry becomes more mature, and the number of manufacturers increases, the line between the broad descriptions becomes less defined. digital printers are sometimes erroneously referred to as being “ digital printing presse...	[ "A)14", "B)15", "C)16", "D)18" ]	C	40 printing presses can do 1/12 of the job each hour. 30 printing presses can do 3/4*1/12 = 1/16 of the job each hour. The answer is C.
mmlu_aux_2409	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> of genetics at the university of cologne, the max planck institute for evolutionary biology in plon, and the department of behavioral sciences at the university of bielefeld, 6 concluded 50 years after the mitochondria and cell nuclei snps support a separation into three species. according to their " molecular cl...	[ "is a normal and natural phenomenon", "is mainly caused by farmers' killing", "can be prevented efficiently by man", "will be controlled by Mother Nature" ]	A	null
arc_challenge_977	arc_challenge	<ctx> as the international tanker owners pollution federation : the marine ecosystem is highly complex and natural fluctuations in species composition, abundance and distribution are a basic feature of its normal function. the extent of damage can therefore be difficult to detect against this background variability. ne...	[ "decreasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "decreasing the amount of oxygen being produced", "increasing the amount of marine sediments", "increasing salt-water fish populations" ]	B
openbookqa_846	openbookqa	<ctx> the object is flying. wing – is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. accordingly, wings have streamlined cross - sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. a wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expressed as its lift - to - drag ratio. the lift a win...	[ "taller", "better", "slower", "louder" ]	B
medmcqa_7825	medmcqa	<ctx> is rapid evolution of genes related to reproduction across a range of lineages, suggesting that sexual selection may play a key role in adaptive evolution and de novo gene birth. a subsequent large - scale analysis of six d. melanogaster strains identified 248 testis - expressed de novo genes, of which ~ 57 % wer...	[ "Testosterone", "Dehydroepiandrosterone", "MIH", "Progesterone" ]	C	Ans. is 'c1 i.e., MIHo Sertoli cells are stimulated by FSH and secreteAndrogen binding protein (ABP)InhibinMullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) or Mullerian inhibiting hormone (MIH)o Leydig cells are stimulated by LH and secrete androgens (testesterone), dihydrotestosterone, androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone.
medmcqa_2197	medmcqa	<ctx> . journal of neuroinflammation. 2019 jan 31 ; 16 ( 1 ) : 22. astrocytes decrease adult neurogenesis during virus - induced memory dysfunction via il - 1. garber c , vasek mj , vollmer ll, sun t, jiang x, klein rs. nature immunology. 2018 feb ; 19 ( 2 ) : 151 - 161. virus entry and replication in the brain prece...	[ "Rabies virus", "Varicella zoster virus", "Poliovirus", "E.B. Virus" ]	C	The virus multiplies initially in the epithelial cells of the alimentary canal and the lymohatic tissues from tonsil to peyer's patches. It then spreads to the rwgiinal lymoh node and enters blood stream. Direct neural transmission ti the CNS may also occur. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH...
arc_challenge_516	arc_challenge	<ctx> form a camp or survival stove to cook small meals. sustainability and recycling of steel beverage cans steel recycling from an ecological perspective, steel may be regarded as a closed - loop material : post - consumer waste can be collected, recycled and used to make new cans or other products. each tonne of scr...	[ "sort the cans by size", "put the cans in water", "cool the cans to a low temperature", "put the cans under an electromagnet" ]	D
aquarat_20037	aquarat	<ctx> 3. 5 addition of velocities 52. bryan allen pedaled a human - powered aircraft across the english channel from the cliffs of dover to cap gris - nez on june 12, 1979. ( a ) he flew for 169 min at an average velocity of 3. 53 m / s in a direction south of east. what was his total displacement? ( b ) allen encounte...	[ "A)1/7", "B)1/4", "C)1/3", "D)1/2" ]	A	If s is an integer and we know that the average speed is 2.8, s must be = 2. That meanss+1= 3. This implies that the ratio of time for s=2 is 1/4 of the total time. The formula for distance/rate is D=Rt...so the distance travelled when s=2 is 2t. The distance travelled for s+1=3 is 3*4t or 12t. Therefore, total distanc...
medmcqa_5402	medmcqa	<ctx> parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. as a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. this means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fi...	[ "Candida", "Anaerobes", "Neissea", "Trichomonas" ]	C	Baholin's glands (great vestibular glands) are located at the vaginal orifice at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions. Their ducts are lined with transitional epithelium and their obstruction secondary to inflammation may lead to the development of a Baholin's cyst or abscess. Baholin's cysts range in size from 1 to 3 cm. Inf...
aquarat_27632	aquarat	<ctx> exercise, refer to the following examples from the datetime module documentation : • examples of usage : date ( https : / / openstax. org / r / 100dateexamples ) • examples of usage : timedelta ( https : / / openstax. org / r / 100timedeltaex ) write a program that creates a date object representing your birthday...	[ "A)22", "B)66", "C)77", "D)30" ]	D	Let's take the present age of the elder person = x and the present age of the younger person = x – 16 (x – 6) = 3 (x-16-6) => x – 6 = 3x – 66 => 2x = 60 => x = 60/2 = 30 Answer: D
medmcqa_2884	medmcqa	<ctx> with infertility and / or recurrent pregnancy loss, as these histories can be associated with parental chromosome aberrations ( such as inversions or translocations ) and other genetic conditions. cardiovascular genetics a rapidly expanding field in genetic counseling is cardiovascular genetics. more than 1 in 20...	[ "Transposition of great aeries", "Fallot's tetralogy", "Congenital mitral regurgitaion", "Congenital pulmonary stenosis" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Fallot's Tetralogy Cardiomegaly and CHF do not occur in Fallot's tetrology. No Cardiomegaly o First you should know the following facts : ? i) Pressure overload to ventricles causes concentric hyperophy without dilatation. ii) Volume overload to ventricles causes hyperophy with dilatation --> Eccentri...
pubmedqa_860	pubmedqa	<ctx> ##384. bratman, s. v., yang, s. y. c., iafolla, m. a. j. et al. personalized circulating tumor dna analysis as a predictive biomarker in solid tumor patients treated with pembrolizumab. nat cancer 1, 873 – 881 ( 2020 ). https : / / doi. org / 10. 1038 / s43018 - 020 - 0096 - 5 jelsema r, demko zp, billing, pr. re...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
medmcqa_1561	medmcqa	<ctx> osteoid is stimulated by the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary, thyroid hormone and the sex hormones ( estrogens and androgens ). these hormones also promote increased secretion of osteoprotegerin. osteoblasts can also be induced to secrete a number of cytokines that promote reabsorption of bone by sti...	[ "Kidneys", "Liver", "Liver and kidneys", "Spleen and lymph nodes" ]	C	Thrombopoietin (THPO) also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THPO gene.Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megaka...
aquarat_38559	aquarat	<ctx> in number theory, a probable prime ( prp ) is an integer that satisfies a specific condition that is satisfied by all prime numbers, but which is not satisfied by most composite numbers. different types of probable primes have different specific conditions. while there may be probable primes that are composite ( ...	[ "A)10", "B)20", "C)15", "D)40" ]	C	11 + 13 + 17 + 19 = 60/4 = 15 ANSWER:C
qasc_3653	qasc	<ctx> separation of different protofilaments over individual tubulin dimers may be another influence in the depolymerization and subsequent chromosome movement in mitosis. focusing now on microtubule polymerization instead of depolymerization, in 2018 mcintosh ’ s team used electron tomography to study the microtubules...	[ "pubescence", "aging", "loss", "fever" ]	B
qasc_4810	qasc	<ctx> ##tive corrosion of iron to form iron ( iii ) oxyhydroxides ( ordinary brown rust ). the green rust may be formed either directly from metallic iron or from iron ( ii ) hydroxide ( ) 2. soil on the basis of mossbauer spectroscopic analysis, green rust minerals are suspected to occur as minerals in certain bluish ...	[ "heat energy", "low rainfall", "flow of electrons", "permineralization" ]	B
medmcqa_6252	medmcqa	<ctx> initially created for epilepsy, to explain why weaker and weaker electrical stimulation was necessary to elicit a seizure as the disease progressed. while parallels have been drawn between bipolar disorder and epilepsy, supporting the kindling hypothesis, this model is generally not supported by studies directly ...	[ "Ipsilateral Homer's syndrome", "Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs", "Nystagmus", "Dysphagia" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs
aquarat_27131	aquarat	<ctx> each answer with the correct number of significant figures. ( a ) 62. 8 34 ( b ) 0. 147 + 0. 0066 + 0. 012 ( c ) 38 95 2. 4 • the cross product 165 219. consider the parallelepiped with edges and where and a. find the real number such that the volume of the parallelepiped is units3. b. for find the height from v...	[ "A)17 years", "B)19 years", "C)29 years", "D)8 years" ]	D	Let C's age be x years. Then, B's age = 2x years. A's age = (2x + 2) years. (2x + 2) + 2x + x = 22 5x = 20 => x = 4 Hence, B's age = 2x = 8 years. Answer: D
aquarat_14137	aquarat	<ctx> . consider points and a. find the area of parallelogram with adjacent sides and b. find the area of triangle c. find the distance from point to line 212. consider points and a. find the area of parallelogram with adjacent sides and b. find the area of triangle c. find the distance from point to line in the follow...	[ "A)178 cm2", "B)179 cm2", "C)266 cm2", "D)167 cm2" ]	C	Area of a trapezium = 1/2 (sum of parallel sides) * (perpendicular distance between them) = 1/2 (20 + 18) * (14) = 266 cm2 Answer: C
mmlu_aux_3296	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> and therefore could have been enough to cause a marine mass extinction, but this change would not have caused the extinction of the ammonites. the regression would also have caused climate changes, partly by disrupting winds and ocean currents and partly by reducing the earth's albedo and increasing global temper...	[ "A shortage of clean water.", "A break in the food chain.", "A small variety of animals.", "The constant warming climate." ]	B	null
aquarat_134	aquarat	<ctx> ##0 = d. then γ an integer and γ = 1 γ ≤ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat...	[ "A)-2-a = 2a", "B)2a = (–2)-a", "C)-4a = -3-a", "D)-3*a = -3-a" ]	D	If we put a= 1 then A. 2 B. 2 C. -4 E. -3 D. -3=-4 Not true
qasc_2798	qasc	<ctx> later, or changing its rate, can clearly cause a wide variety of changes in body shape and size ( allometry ), biologists have in hall's view often invoked heterochrony to the exclusion of heterotopy. heterotopy in botany in botany examples of heterotopy include the transfer of bright flower pigments from ancestr...	[ "a reptile", "animals", "an amphibian", "a monotreme" ]	D
aquarat_3379	aquarat	<ctx> .. 5. length : ; width : ;. 7. 9. ( a ) ( b ) 11. 2 kg 13. ( a ) ( b ) 15. ( a ) ( b ) ( c ) 17. ( a ) 3 ( b ) 3 ( c ) 3 19. ( a ) ( b ) 21. 23. 25. 1575 27. 29. sample answer : heartbeats 31. sample answer : if an average human lifetime is taken to be about 70 years. 33. sample answer : 50 atoms 35. sample answe...	[ "A)8", "B)11", "C)12", "D)14" ]	B	Frank is 15 years younger then John --> F+12=J; In 5 years John will be twice as old as Frank (in 5 year John will be J+5 years old and Frank will be F+5 years old) --> J+5=2(F+5) --> (F+12)+5=2(F+5) --> F=7; In 4 years Frank will be 7+4=11 years old. Answer: B.
aquarat_34682	aquarat	<ctx> the investment vehicle that maximizes the profit. hence, conclusion : knowing the direction the market will go ( i. e. having perfect information ) is worth $ 350. discussion : if someone was selling information that guaranteed the accurate prediction of the future market direction, we would want to purchase this...	[ "A)Rs. 736", "B)Rs. 352", "C)Rs. 684", "D)None of these" ]	B	s.p.=110/100 × 320 = 352 Answer: B
medmcqa_2857	medmcqa	<ctx> cell death. • the cell can go into unregulated cell division leading to tumors and cancers. since ionizing radiation damages the dna, which is critical in cell reproduction, it has its greatest effect on cells that rapidly reproduce, including most types of cancer. thus, cancer cells are more sensitive to radiati...	[ "G2 phase", "G1 phase", "G1 phase and early S phase", "G2 phase and late S phase" ]	A
medmcqa_8426	medmcqa	<ctx> sign indicates the restoring force is in the direction opposite to the displacement. dizziness headaches cold hands and feet pale skin dark urine jaundice chest pain pain in the back or legs vomiting or diarrhea heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat ( arrhythmia ), a heart murmur, an enlarged heart, or h...	[ "Swallowing", "Raising of arms", "Extrusion of tongue", "Extension of neck" ]	B	It is used for or large retrosternal goitres.
openbookqa_1649	openbookqa	<ctx> pruski and nearing indicated that, other factors such as land use unconsidered, it is reasonable to expect approximately a 1. 7 % change in soil erosion for each 1 % change in total precipitation under climate change. in recent studies, there are predicted increases of rainfall erosivity by 17 % in the united sta...	[ "plants thrive", "environments suffer", "mice breed", "bugs hoard" ]	B
medmcqa_709	medmcqa	<ctx> and northern dead sea area. water use palestinians as of 2007, the estimated average per capita supply in the west bank had increased to about 98 liter per capita per day ( 98 lpcd ). the estimated household use was 50 lpcd, with many households consuming as little as 20 lpcd, even if connected to the network. du...	[ "1300 m1", "1700 ml", "2000 ml", "2500 ml" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1700 ml Fluid requirment in a child o It depends on the weight of a child :- Weight Water requirments < 10 kg o 100 ml/kg/day 10-20 kg o 100 ml / kg / day for first 10 kg (i.e. 1000 ml) + 50 ml / kg / d for every kg above 10 kg. >20 kg o 100 ml/kg/day for first 10 kg (i.e. 1000 ml) + 50 ml / kg / d fo...
aquarat_46034	aquarat	<ctx> ) it takes the clock ’ s hour hand to make one revolution on the moon. 33. suppose the length of a clock ’ s pendulum is changed by 1. 000 %, exactly at noon one day. what time will it read 24. 00 hours later, assuming it the pendulum has kept perfect time before the change? note that there are two answers, and p...	[ "A)12:54:40 AM", "B)12:56:24 AM", "C)01:16:40 PM", "D)12:54:24 AM" ]	D	Loses 8 minutes each day. so total loss = 4×8 = 32min subsequent 6 days = 6×24×60 minutes 1% gain = ( 6×24×60)/100 = 86.4 minutes so, total gain = 86.4 - 32 = 54.4 min = 54 + 0.4 min = 54 minutes + 0.4 × 60 seconds = 54min + 24seconds 10 days later the clock should be 54 min and 24seconds fast. so time , 12:54:24 am (A...
aquarat_25571	aquarat	<ctx> < 2465 * 5 x = 4 98 56 y = ( 2460 + x ) * x = 2464 * 4 = 9856 00 00 algorithm terminates : answer = 12. 34 binary numeral system ( base 2 ) this section uses the formalism from the digit - by - digit calculation section above, with the slight variation that we let, with each or. we iterate all, from down to, and ...	[ "A)6", "B)7", "C)8", "D)4" ]	C	Since 32 /k = 4 and 32/ 8 = 4, then k = 8 correct answer C
aquarat_22215	aquarat	<ctx> each answer with the correct number of significant figures. ( a ) 62. 8 34 ( b ) 0. 147 + 0. 0066 + 0. 012 ( c ) 38 95 0. 1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625 try it inaccurate tips the following code calculates the tip amount, given a bill amount and the tip ratio. experiment with the 50 2 • ...	[ "A)100 %", "B)200%", "C)300%", "D)600%" ]	B	Explanation: Let the salaries of A, B, C be x, 2x and 3x respectively. Then,2x + 3x = 6000 => x = 1200. A's salary = Rs. 1200, B's salary = Rs. 2400, and Cs salary Rs. 3600. Excess of C's salary over A's=[ (2400 /1200) x 100] = 200%. Answer: B
aquarat_18823	aquarat	<ctx> it the optional integer. ) any number below ( that is, the penultimate ) is multiplied by the one just above it and added by that just below it. divide the last number ( obtained so doing repeatedly ) by the divisor corresponding to the smaller remainder ; then multiply the residue by the divisor corresponding to...	[ "A)3", "B)1", "C)16", "D)11" ]	A	On dividing 427398 by 15, we get remainder = 3. Required number be substracted ANSWER:A
openbookqa_1086	openbookqa	<ctx> system will bring warmer air with it above the surface ( at around ). this warmer air will ride over the cooler air at the surface, which is being held in place by the poleward high - pressure system. this temperature profile, known as a temperature inversion, will lead to the development of drizzle, rain, freezi...	[ "condense to solid", "expand outwardly", "disappear all together", "become a liquid" ]	A
aquarat_20906	aquarat	<ctx> 87, 88 } { y, 74, 82, 83, 84, 85 } this set of choices corresponds to the following solution to the pentomino tiling problem : a pentomino tiling problem is more naturally viewed as an exact cover problem than an exact hitting set problem, because it is more natural to view each choice as a set of constraints tha...	[ "A)75", "B)80", "C)85", "D)90" ]	A	Answer = A Please refer diagram below 85 - 10 = 75
mmlu_aux_2596	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> animalia ) and the protozoa, single - celled organisms no longer considered animals. in modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between taxa. humans make use of many a...	[ "is decided by their physical conditions", "is better than the way people do", "keeps them away from parasites all the time", "helps them survive any danger in the wild" ]	A	null
medmcqa_4304	medmcqa	<ctx> naphthalene is the most abundant single component of coal tar. the composition of coal tar varies with coal type and processing, but typical coal tar is about 10 % naphthalene by weight. in industrial practice, distillation of coal tar yields an oil containing about 50 % naphthalene, along with twelve other aroma...	[ "Bladder cancer", "Skin cancer", "Lung cancer", "Leukemia" ]	D	(D) Leukaemia# Occupational exposure to coal tar or coal-tar pitch is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer.> Other types of cancer, including lung, bladder, kidney, and digestive tract cancer, have also been linked to occupational exposure to coal tar and coal-tar pitch.
mmlu_aux_3016	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> preceded cycle 24. they expect solar maximum to occur between 2023 and 2026 with a sunspot range of 95 to 130, given in terms of the revised sunspot number. cycle 24 solar cycle 24 began on 4 january 2008, with minimal activity until early 2010. the cycle featured a " double - peaked " solar maximum. the first pe...	[ "solar activities have brought much trouble to our life", "the number of sunspots has increased to a large extent", "the solar minimum took the place of the solar maximum", "our cellphones have seldom been interrupted by the solar storm" ]	D	null
aquarat_27512	aquarat	<ctx> this sum by the number of data values, which is 10. the result is : 1. 16 30 1 • introduction : the nature of science and physics access for free at openstax. org ( 5 ) calculate the height. to determine the height of the bills, use the equation : the height of the money will be about 100 in. high. converting th...	[ "A)28", "B)58", "C)48", "D)67" ]	C	Let x represent the number of $10 bills in the bag. Next, use the same variable to represent the number of $5 bills. If there are 130 bills in all, then 130 x represents the number of $5 bills. Now you need to establish a relationship between the number of bills and their value. Using the expression above, the total va...
aquarat_38668	aquarat	<ctx> the side labeled c. inscribing the isosceles triangle forms triangle cad with angle θ opposite side b and with side r along c. a second triangle is formed with angle θ opposite side a and a side with length s along c, as shown in the figure. thabit ibn qurra stated that the sides of the three triangles were relat...	[ "A) 4/5", "B) 5/4", "C) 3/2", "D) 5/7" ]	D	We are basically given that the triangles are similar. In two similar triangles, the ratio of their areas is the square of the ratio of their sides and also, the square of the ratio of their corresponding heights. Therefore, area/AREA=height^2/HEIGHT^2=25/49 --> height/HEIGHT=5/7. Answer: D.
mmlu_aux_2552	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##von ( oreophasis derbianus g. r. gray ). revista de la unach, 1 ( 1 ) : 43 – 54. 1977 la poco conocida biologia de las aranas. revista de la universidad autonoma de chiapas, 1 ( 13 ) : 51 – 79. 1977 a new troglodytic lizard ( reptilia, lacertilia, xantusidae ) from mexico. journal of herpetology, 11 ( 1 ) : 37 ...	[ "the new species of butterfly live both in the US and Mexico", "it took the researchers a lot of efforts to determine the new species of butterfly", "the researchers are not sure whether they can get the money they want from the auction", "it is the first time that the new species of butterfly has been found"...	B	null
aquarat_21032	aquarat	<ctx> , the 2 - adic absolute value becomes the relevant measure. with any odd score no matter how small in absolute value, it takes at least two darts to win. any even score between 2 and 40 can be satisfied with a single dart, and 40 is a much more desirable score than 2, due to the effects of missing. a common miss ...	[ "A)64,4", "B)64,6", "C)64,8", "D)62,4" ]	A	A.M of a and b=>(a+b)/2=34=> a+b=68---(1) G.M of a and b=>sqrt(a,b)=16=> ab=256 (a-b)^2=(a+b)^2-4ab= (68)^2-(4*256)=>4624-1024=> 3600 (a-b)^2=3600=> a-b=60------(2) Solving (1) and (2), we get b=4, a=64 ANSWER:A
arc_easy_91	arc_easy	<ctx> the most essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus - - elements needed for plant growth. they also can gather soil particles from differing depths of soil and deposit them in other places, leading to the mixing of soil so it is richer with nutrients and other elements. vertebrates the soil is also ...	[ "Hiking", "Hunting", "Coal mining", "Growing crops" ]	D
qasc_2224	qasc	<ctx> , and the other half is radiated away. this increase in temperature also increases the pressure and restores the balance of hydrostatic equilibrium. the luminosity of the sun is increased by the temperature rise, increasing the rate of nuclear reactions. the outer layers expand to compensate for the increased tem...	[ "the morning grass", "the elemental waves", "an object", "the summer sky" ]	D
medmcqa_2807	medmcqa	<ctx> breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo...	[ "Middle cerebral aery", "Recurrent aery of Heubner", "Anterior choroidal", "Posterior cerebral aery" ]	B	Recurrent aery of Heubner does not supply posterior limb of internal capsule. Blood supply of internal capsule Anterior Limb Recurrent aery of Heubner Genu Recurrent aery of Heubner Charcot&;s aery (lenticulostriate aery or aery of cerebral hemorrhage) Posterior limb Charcot&;s aery (branch of middle cerebral aery) Ant...
medmcqa_6639	medmcqa	<ctx> diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) globally. the triad of protein leaking into the urine (...	[ "Decreased erythropoietin production", "Iron deficiency", "Hypoplastic bone marrow", "Decreased folate levels" ]	A	Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 630 The anemia is primarily due to a failure of EPO production by the diseased kidney and a reduction in red cell survival. In ceain forms of acute renal failure, the correlation between the anemia and renal function is weaker. Patients with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome increase eryth- ropoies...
medmcqa_6435	medmcqa	<ctx> the final frontier towards completely rational drug design yuryev a. expert opinion on drug discovery 2008 ; v3 ( 8 ) : 867 - 876 ( 10 ) methane oxidation by an extremely acidophilic bacterium of the phylum verrucomicrobia dunfield pf, yuryev a, senin p, smirnova av, stott mb, hou s, ly b, saw jh, zhou z, ren y, ...	[ "Decreasing interaction of drug with target proteins", "Increasing drug interaction with non-target proteins", "Decreasing potency of drugs", "Decreasing potency of drugs" ]	B	Ans. b. Increasing drug interaction with non-target proteins
pubmedqa_141	pubmedqa	<ctx> foot to lift or the person would collapse. thus, depending on the phase, the same sensory input can cause the foot to be lifted higher or held more firmly to the ground. " this change in motor response as a function of motor pattern phase is called reflex reversal, and has been observed in invertebrates ( dicapri...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
qasc_6252	qasc	<ctx> flavored with chili and spices replaces the more common peanut sauce. kripik snack crackers ; a thinly sliced tempeh, battered and deep fried until crispy. it is popular across java, but notably produced in bandung, west java and malang, east java. tempeh sandwich or tempeh burger fried, grilled or otherwise cook...	[ "energy", "milk", "honey", "Energy." ]	C
mmlu_aux_3399	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> fish species in borneo ( about the same as sumatra and java combined ). the borneo river shark is known only from the kinabatangan river. in 2010, the world wide fund for nature ( wwf ) stated that 123 species have been discovered in borneo since the " heart of borneo " agreement was signed in 2007. the wwf has c...	[ "The Greater Mekong region is a rich area for scientists.", "Many rare species remain to be discovered in the Mekong region.", "Scientists have discovered many new species in the Mekong region.", "Climate change threatens Mekong new species." ]	D	null
aquarat_19435	aquarat	<ctx> current, increasing the pressure differential between the two sides. charge can flow " through " a capacitor even though no individual electron can get from one side to the other. as more water flows into the high pressure side, the expanding membrane pushes an equal quantity of water out of the low pressure side...	[ "A)2.9 hrs", "B)8.9 hrs", "C)2.9 hrs", "D)6.7 hrs" ]	D	Net part filled in 1 hour = (1/4 - 1/10) = 3/20 The cistern will be filled in 20/3 hrs i.e., 6.7 hrs. Answer:D
aquarat_40078	aquarat	<ctx> to a market that is spatially - distributed, i. e. the buyers and sellers are in several different locations, and some units of the good may have to be transported between these locations. the cost of transport is thus added to the cost of production of the sellers. mcafee's mechanism the following mechanism is a...	[ "A)24", "B)26", "C)28", "D)30" ]	D	Let P be the price the farmer paid for each animal. The total profit on the 20 animals is 200.1P. The total loss on the other (d-20) animals is (d-20)0.2P. (d-20)0.2P = 200.1P 0.2*d = 2 + 4 d = 30 The answer is D.
qasc_3719	qasc	<ctx> in population genetics overlapping generations refers to mating systems where more than one breeding generation is present at any one time. in systems where this is not the case there are non - overlapping generations ( or discrete generations ) in which every breeding generation lasts just one breeding season. i...	[ "amoeba", "Trees", "bushes", "density" ]	C
medmcqa_5282	medmcqa	<ctx> 99 – 159. robert k. crane. " digestion and absorption : water - soluble organics ". international review of physiology, gastrointestinal physiology ii, vol. 12, robert k. crane, ed., university park press, 1977, pp. 325 – 365. robert k. crane. " intestinal structure and function related to toxicity ". environment...	[ "Sho club shaped Villi", "Long vasa recta", "More lymphoid nodules", "More fat in mesentery" ]	B	Jejunum has long and sparse vasa recta as compared to ileum. Jejunum are thick walled and peritoneal windows are transparent as compared to ileum. Peyer patches are present in ileum which are absent in jejunum. Jejunum have 1 or 2 rows of aerial arcades whereas ileum have 4 to 5 aerial arcades Ileum have sho club shape...
aquarat_11988	aquarat	<ctx> can include selecting an appropriate shift schedule or rota and using an employee scheduling software to maintain it, setting the length of shifts, managing overtime, increasing lighting levels, providing shift worker lifestyle training, retirement compensation based on salary in the last few years of employment ...	[ "A)56", "B)231", "C)336", "D)350" ]	C	Looks easy: -- 8C3*5C1 + 8C5 -- 336 (C).
aquarat_32588	aquarat	<ctx> other coin is also gold, is. the flaw is in the last step. while those two cases were originally equally likely, the fact that you are certain to find a gold coin if you had chosen the gg box, but are only 50 % sure of finding a gold coin if you had chosen the gs box, means they are no longer equally likely given...	[ "A)15/56", "B)3/28", "C)1/28", "D)1/5" ]	D	Since, two of the choices are prefixed, we are free to choose 1 from the rest of the 4 avilable. so 4C1 is the numerator. Total no of ways we can choose 3 from 6 is 6c3, which is the denominator. So, the probability: 4c1/6c3= 1/5 ans is D.
openbookqa_2526	openbookqa	<ctx> of genetics at the university of cologne, the max planck institute for evolutionary biology in plon, and the department of behavioral sciences at the university of bielefeld, 6 concluded 50 years after the mitochondria and cell nuclei snps support a separation into three species. according to their " molecular cl...	[ "Jupiter", "space", "waterfronts", "houses" ]	C
mmlu_aux_8355	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> drought deciduous, or drought semi - deciduous plants refers to plants that shed their leaves during periods of drought or in the dry season. this phenomenon is a natural process of plants and is caused due to the limitation of water around the environment where the plant is situated. in the spectrum of botany, d...	[ "lowest solstice", "naptime", "a good book", "lunch" ]	A	null
pubmedqa_10	pubmedqa	<ctx> now in place to combat petty corruption. including automated cameras at traffic lights sending infringements directly to a driver, avoiding any physical interaction with a policing officer. at the same time, " the unit for combating corruption and financial crime " ( uokfk ), established by the ministry of the in...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
medmcqa_861	medmcqa	<ctx> and amniotic membrane. the presence of a pregnancy test that is still positive, as well as an empty uterus upon transvaginal ultrasonography, does, however, fulfil the definition of pregnancy of unknown location. therefore, there may be a need for follow - up pregnancy tests to ensure that there is no remaining p...	[ "Coomb's test", "Apt test", "Liley's spectrophotometer", "Kleihauer betke test" ]	D	KLEIHAUER BETKE TEST or ACID ELUTION TEST done to measure the amount of feto maternal hemorrhage usually in an Rh negative mother to calculate the dose of anti D required This method is based on the fact that an acid solution (citric acid phosphate buffer, pH 3.5) elutes the adult but not the fetal hemoglobin from the ...
openbookqa_150	openbookqa	<ctx> ( or oxytocin - exposed virgins ), but not virgins, when responding to pup calls. following marlin's discoveries regarding the role of oxytocin in pup retrieval, she conducted additional work with colleagues in the robert froemke lab exploring oxytocin's biological role in the social transmission of maternal beha...	[ "kittens groom their faces because their mother licked their faces", "dogs bark because their parents barked at them", "babies cry because overtired parents cry", "kittens climb trees because they watch squirrels do it" ]	A
arc_challenge_423	arc_challenge	<ctx> which wildlife fled, with wildlife not habituating to these sounds. other mitigation measures reducing train speed at mortality hotspots or during migration periods can help animals and train drivers see each other earlier, leaving more time for the animals to flee. mowing and reducing vegetation on the verge can...	[ "feeders on the side of the road", "lights along the side of the road", "signs telling drivers to be careful of deer", "bridges that let the deer walk under the road" ]	A
aquarat_19466	aquarat	<ctx> ##35637355132068513997507264512000000000 = 10068347520 this works out to 10, 068, 347, 520, which is much bigger than the ~ 14 million stated above. perm ( 49, 6 ) = 10068347520 and 49 npr 6 = 10068347520. however, the order of the 6 numbers is not significant for the payout. that is, if a ticket has the numbers ...	[ "A)31.7", "B)37.5", "C)39.5", "D)34.5" ]	A	Total of 50 numbers = 40 * 32 = 1280 Average of 38 numbers = 1280-(34+39) / 38 = 1207 / 38 = 31.7 Answer is A.
qasc_4399	qasc	<ctx> 13. 2 thermal expansion of solids and liquids learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • define and describe thermal expansion. • calculate the linear expansion of an object given its initial length, change in temperature, and coefficient of linear expansion. • calculate the volume ex...	[ "molecules moving", "kinetic energy", "Electrical energy", "Evaporation" ]	A
medmcqa_8133	medmcqa	<ctx> higher risk of bladder cancer compared to people who have never smoked. passive smoking also appears to be a risk. opium consumption increases the risk of bladder cancer by 3 - fold and concurrent use of opium and smoking increases the risk of bladder cancer by 5 times compared to the general population. occupati...	[ "CPZ", "Amitriptyline", "Haloperidol", "Pimozide" ]	B	Anticholinergic effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are most common. These effects result in dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and confusion. They are more common with teiary amine TCAs such as amitriptyline and imipramine than with the secondary amine TCAs desipramine and noriptyline....
qasc_7035	qasc	<ctx> ##s inorganic solvents neutron moderators oxides limnology oceanography extraterrestrial water transport phenomena heat transfer greenhouse gases form very many complex stable molecules, and because most of its compounds are water - insoluble and because silicon dioxide is a hard and abrasive solid in contrast t...	[ "sunlight", "beavers", "octopus", "mussels" ]	B
medmcqa_9199	medmcqa	<ctx> to be pushed through them ). also common to all intervention radiology procedures are the medical imaging machines that allow the healthcare provider to see what is occurring within the body. some use x - rays ( such as ct and fluoroscopy ) and some do not ( such as ultrasound and mri ). in each case, the images ...	[ "Aerial dissection", "Aoa aneurysm", "Stroke", "None of the above" ]	A	Traditional angiography remains the basis of diagnosis and characterization of aerial dissection. Angiographic abnormalities include stenosis of the true lumen, or "string-sign," visible intimal flaps, and the appearance of contrast in the false lumen. Four-vessel cerebral angiography should be performed when suspicion...

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