Split (1)

train · 35.5k rows

id string	dataset string	question string	options list	answer string	explanation string
pubmedqa_604	pubmedqa	<ctx> , walking, stair climbing, etc. ). the above protocols can be used independently. manual palpation is used in clinical activities for various aims : - identification of painful areas ; - positioning of particular pieces of equipment ( electromyography electrodes, auscultation, external landmarks used in clinical ...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
aquarat_30552	aquarat	<ctx> 8. 79 8. 80 8. 81 8. 82 the range of, they exhibit reduced deviations caused by gravitational orientation changes. as a result, errors caused by spatial orientation and positioning become less of a concern. inhibition compensation many inexpensive quartz clocks and watches use a rating and compensation technique...	[ "A)33", "B)75", "C)29", "D)27" ]	B	Explanation: Angle traced by hour hand in \inline \frac{17}{2} hrs = \inline \left ( \frac{360}{12}\times \frac{17}{2} \right )^{o} = 255 Angle traced by min hand in 30 min = \inline \left ( \frac{360}{60}\times 30 \right )^{o} = 180 \inline \therefore Required angle = (255 - 180) = \inline 75^{o} Answer: B) 75
arc_easy_482	arc_easy	<ctx> this article details the history of electrical engineering. the first substantial practical use of electricity was electromagnetism. ancient developments long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. ancient egyptian texts dating from 2750 bce referred to these ...	[ "waterfall", "rainbow", "lightning storm", "volcano erupting" ]	C
medmcqa_8427	medmcqa	<ctx> mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini. second arch all of the pharyngeal muscles of the second pharyngeal arch are innervated by the facial nerve. these muscles include the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, the stylohyoid muscle, the auricular muscle and the stapedi...	[ "Anterior", "Posterior", "Middle", "Anywhere" ]	B	Ans. is 4b' i.e., Posterior o Disease affects the posterior third of larynx more commonly than anterior part.o The parts affected in descending order of frequency are i) Interarytenoid fold, ii) Ventricular band, iii) Vocal cords,iv) Epiglottis.o Also see above explanation.
medmcqa_8215	medmcqa	<ctx> ##ugliani, r., munoz rojas, v., martins, a., valadares, e., clarke, j., goes, j., kakkis, e., worden, m., sidman, m., cox, g. : a dose - optimization trial of laronidase ( aldurazyme ) in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis i. molecular genetics and metabolism, 96 ( 1 ) ; 13 - 19, 2009. clarke, l. a., wraith, j. ...	[ "Edrophonium", "Pyridostigmine", "Glycopyrrolate", "Neostigmine" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edrophonium o Edrophonium is the shoest acting anti-ChE. o Why is it so, lets see : o When carbamates (other than edrophonium) and organophophates react with cholinesterase, they form covalent bond at esteratic site, which is considerably resistant to hydrolysis. o In contrast, edrophonium binds elect...
medmcqa_8384	medmcqa	<ctx> did not attempt to develop a long range antenna. the proof of concept exploit helps demonstrate the need for better security and patient alerting measures in remotely accessible medical implants. in response to this threat, purdue university and princeton university researchers have developed a prototype firewall...	[ "Infrahepatic inferior vena cava", "Infrarenal inferior vena cava", "Hepatic veins", "Portal veins" ]	C
qasc_2785	qasc	<ctx> , when a definition of the moment of death is required, doctors and coroners usually turn to " brain death " or " biological death " to define a person as being dead ; brain death being defined as the complete and irreversible loss of brain function ( including involuntary activity necessary to sustain life ). ne...	[ "AIDS", "plants", "HPV", "HIV" ]	D
medmcqa_3462	medmcqa	<ctx> 20. 7 • nerve conduction – electrocardiograms 891 taken together, the 12 leads of a state - of - the - art ecg can yield a wealth of information about the heart. for example, regions of damaged heart tissue, called infarcts, reflect electrical waves and are apparent in one or more lead potentials. subtle changes ...	[ "QT prolongation", "Prolonged PR interval", "Shortened PR interval", "QT Shortening" ]	A	Ans: A (QT prolongation) Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18ed.Explanation:Clinical Manifestations of HypocalcemiaPatients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum calcium are relatively mild and chronic.Moderate to severe hypocalcemia is associated with paresthesias, usually of t...
aquarat_39709	aquarat	<ctx> 10 on each of all 18 starters would result in a net loss if either the favorite or the second favorite were to win. however, if one assumes that no horse quoted 12 : 1 or higher will win, and one bets $ 10 on each of the top three, one is guaranteed at least a small win. the favorite ( who did win ) would result ...	[ "A)23 1/3 gain %", "B)30 10/23 loss %", "C)16.7% loss %", "D)30 1/3 loss %" ]	C	Say the cost price of 25 books is $25 so $1 for a book. The cost of 30 books would be $30, and the selling price of 30 books would be 25$, hence the loss = ($30 - $25)/$30 = ~16.7%. Answer: C.
mmlu_aux_3492	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> , organized into four pairs. guided media twisted pair twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. compared to a single conductor or an untwisted balanced pair, a twisted pair reduces electro...	[ "is made of wood", "needs more exchange", "carries more messages", "is much longer" ]	C	null
arc_easy_134	arc_easy	<ctx> complex [ fe ( h2o ) 6 ] so4 appears blue - green because the high - spin complex absorbs photons in the red wavelengths ( figure 19. 39 ). in contrast, the low - spin iron ( ii ) complex k4 [ fe ( cn ) 6 ] appears pale yellow because it absorbs higher - energy violet photons. light according to the lattice pitc...	[ "The block absorbs all blue light.", "The block bends (refracts) all blue light.", "Only blue light is reflected by the block.", "Only blue light passes through the block." ]	C
medmcqa_1302	medmcqa	<ctx> dehradun ( ), also known as dehra doon, is the capital and the most populous city of the indian state of uttarakhand. it is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and is governed by the dehradun municipal corporation, with the uttarakhand legislative assembly holding its winter sessions in the ...	[ "Heavy wooden log rolled on leg", "Compressing the thighs with two roads", "Tying the limps to the pole", "Electric shock to genitalia" ]	A	Ghotna: Rolling a wooden log over the thighs up and down, while the log is weighed by one or two policemen standing on it Cattle prod: Electric shock especially over the genitals Sham execution: Victim is blind folded and asked to stand before a wall and then threatened that a vehicle is going to hit him. He hears the ...
medmcqa_7853	medmcqa	<ctx> hemangioma is large it can cause abdominal pain, a sense of fullness in right upper abdominal area, heart problems, and coagulation dysfunction. cavernous hemangiomas are diagnosed with medical imaging ( do not usually need biopsy to confirm diagnosis ). given their benign course and often asymptomatic nature, ca...	[ "anal ca.", "prostate ca.", "testiclar ca.", "penile ca." ]	A	Lymphatic drainage of anal canal is through the mesorectal (also known as inferior rectal) nodes to the inguinal and femoral nodes. Anal cancers are more likely to produce inguinal adenopathy, with internal iliac adenopathy also occurring when the tissues near the anorectal junction are involved. ref : bailey and love
arc_easy_968	arc_easy	<ctx> a volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra ( such as ash or pumice ), ro...	[ "a photograph of an active volcano", "a map showing the location of a volcano", "a table of famous volcanoes and last known eruptions", "a diagram showing the structure of a volcano" ]	D
aquarat_17444	aquarat	<ctx> the side labeled c. inscribing the isosceles triangle forms triangle cad with angle θ opposite side b and with side r along c. a second triangle is formed with angle θ opposite side a and a side with length s along c, as shown in the figure. thabit ibn qurra stated that the sides of the three triangles were relat...	[ "A)(√2)/(√3)", "B)(√3)/(√2)", "C)√2", "D)(2√2)/(√3)" ]	D	Side of the equilateral triangle GBC = 2m ----> height = m * sqtr(2) Hipotenuse of the right triangle GBC = m * sqrt(3) ----> side = m * sqtr(3) / sqtr(2) Question is 2m/m * sqtr(3) / sqtr(2) = 2*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3)=D
openbookqa_1718	openbookqa	<ctx> ##ham and gnirk. test using compression and tension show necking of rock specimens while tests using wedge penetration show lip formation. the tests carried out by robertson show plasticity occurring at high confining pressures. similar results are observable in the experimental work carried out by handin and hag...	[ "deer shiver", "snakes rattle", "birds quiver", "bunkers shake" ]	D
medmcqa_8885	medmcqa	<ctx> via a middle path, that damage is due to a shift in the relative populations of more and less dangerous bacteria in the plaque. this is called the ecological plaque hypothesis. the disease is associated with a variable microbial pattern. anaerobic species of bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis, bacteroides forsythu...	[ "Simple injury", "Grievous injury", "Dangerous injury", "Assault" ]	B	Ans. Grievous injury
medmcqa_2309	medmcqa	<ctx> 1. 2 10 – 3 m how sciences interconnect using barium sulfate for medical imaging various types of medical imaging techniques are used to aid diagnoses of illnesses in a noninvasive manner. one such technique utilizes the ingestion of a barium compound before taking an x - ray image. a suspension of barium sulfate...	[ "Achalasia cardia", "Esophageal cancer", "Diffuse esophageal spasm", "Diverticulum" ]	C	Ans: C (Diffuse esophageal spasm) Ref: Sc ibis ion Textbook of Surgery, 19th Edition 1028Explanation:Diffuse Esophageal spasmHyper motili ty di sorderRepetitive, simultaneous, and of high amplitude esophageal contractionsMotor abnormality of the esophageal body that is more in the lower two thirds.Muscular hypertrophy ...
mmlu_aux_2758	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> there would need to be a supply of water that was present for a substantial amount of time. therefore, a prominent goal of the mep is to look for places where water is, was, or could possibly be, such as dried up riverbeds, under the planetary surface, and in mars'polar ice caps. aside from water, life also needs...	[ "No Life on Mars", "A Study of Mars", "The Future conditions on Mars", "The Possibility of Life on Mars" ]	D	null
openbookqa_2221	openbookqa	<ctx> stream at the point where orr branch flows east under hillcrest road. watershed orr branch drains an area just over 2 square miles, the western portions of which are virtually flat. elevation change through the stream channel runs from 600 feet above sea level at the outer rim of the stream's cuts to roughly 500 ...	[ "there could be a tsunami", "there could be a road blockage", "there could be an earthquake", "there could be a volcanic eruption" ]	B
medmcqa_6604	medmcqa	<ctx> the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he...	[ "Baroreceptor", "Chemoreceptor", "Kidney", "CNS ischemic response" ]	A	Baroreceptor system opposes either increases or decreases in aerial pressure, it is called a pressure buffer system, and the nerves from the baroreceptors are called buffer nerves.Ref: Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 13th edition. Page: 221
mmlu_aux_3314	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> after a mission cut short by electrical and control system problems. both accidents were determined to be caused by design defects in the spacecraft, which were corrected before crewed flights resumed. the us conducted the first crewed spaceflight to leave earth orbit and orbit the moon on december 21, 1968, with...	[ "The color of the sky.", "The surface of the moon", "The gravity on the moon.", "The daylight on the moon." ]	B	null
mmlu_aux_4456	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> conduction, convection, or radiation – is approximately proportional to the temperature difference δt. frozen food will warm up faster in a warm room than in a cold room. note that the rate of cooling experienced on a cold day can be increased by the added convection effect of the wind. this is referred to as win...	[ "It was in 1945 that scientists first began to calculate wind chill.", "Compared with water, people's exposed skin freezes more slowly.", "The wind chill index based on Antarctica data is considered a standard.", "With the development of technology, many previous researches have been proven wrong." ]	B	null
medmcqa_7538	medmcqa	<ctx> feeling of chest pain. the decision to perform surgery is informed by studies of cabg's efficacy in different patient subgroups, based on the lesions'anatomy or how well the heart is functioning. these results are compared with that of other strategies, most importantly percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci )....	[ "ad", "c", "ac", "ab" ]	A	In RAO view of chest, the patient is rotated 45° to the left (right side is more forward) and the cassette is close to the right front (right shoulder) of the patient. The RAO view is generally used for the assessment of the pulmonary artery, right ventricle, and size of the left atrium.
openbookqa_2986	openbookqa	<ctx> mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from underneath, open pit, above, or on the ground. mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. a mining engine...	[ "the wood", "the ink", "the rubber", "the lead" ]	D
medmcqa_3062	medmcqa	<ctx> dopamine therapy is the regulation of levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine through the use of either agonists, or antagonists ; and has been used in the treatment of disorders characterized by a dopamine imbalance. dopamine replacement therapy ( drt ) is an effective treatment for patients with decreased level...	[ "Bromocriptine", "Ropinerole", "Pramipexole", "Selegiline" ]	D	Selegiline REF: KDT 6th Ed p. 415 DRUGS USED FOR PARKINSONISM Drugs affecting dopaminergic system Dopamine precursor Levodopa Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors Carbidopa , benzaseride Dopaminergic agonists Bromocriptine , ropinerole , pramipexole MAO-B inhibitor Selegiline COMT inhibitor Entacapone , tolcapone Dopami...
aquarat_12771	aquarat	<ctx> people, who are more likely to die in a given year, so that the overall mortality rate can be higher even if the mortality rate at any given age is lower. a more complete picture of mortality is given by a life table, which summarizes mortality separately at each age. a life table is necessary to give a good esti...	[ "A)2500", "B)2100", "C)3500", "D)3600" ]	A	P = 3600 R = 20% Required population of town = P/(1 + R/100)^T = 3600/(1 + 20/100)^2 = 3600/(6/5)^2 = 2500(approximately) Answer is A
qasc_4710	qasc	<ctx> neurology and neurosurgery published a study that found that intracerebral hemorrhage volume and shift of midline structures correlate with npi, and abnormalities in npi can be predicted by hematoma volume and other ct indicators of ich severity. a case study series published in the journal of neuroscience of nur...	[ "smaller", "Energy.", "grow", "Energy" ]	A
mmlu_aux_2113	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> intelligent objects and, sooner or later, a new generation of information systems that are even more diffused and based on nanotechnology, will profoundly change this concept. small devices that can be compared to insects do not dispose of a high intelligence on their own. indeed, their intelligence can be classe...	[ "Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.", "Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.", "Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior,and then did some tests to prove his theory.", "Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his o...	C	null
arc_easy_867	arc_easy	<ctx> reinforcement ) is the emotion toward the consequence situation. the caa exists in two environments, one is the behavioral environment where it behaves, and the other is the genetic environment, wherefrom it initially and only once receives initial emotions about situations to be encountered in the behavioral env...	[ "being able to read", "being able to breathe", "having a scar", "having brown eyes" ]	A
aquarat_34231	aquarat	<ctx> that case, the reasoning in steps 6 and 7 was entirely correct if envelope a happened to contain any of the amounts 2, 4,... 512 : switching envelopes would give an expected ( average ) gain of 25 %. if envelope a happened to contain the amount 1, then the expected gain is actually 100 %. but if it happened to co...	[ "A)8", "B)7", "C)6", "D)5" ]	A	80% --- 12 120% --- ? 80/120 * 12 = 8 Answer: A
aquarat_2878	aquarat	<ctx> ##s, round up or down, whichever yields an even value for the retained digit. if any nonzero digits follow the dropped 5, round up. ( the last part of this rule may strike you as a bit odd, but it ’ s based on reliable statistics and is aimed at avoiding any bias when dropping the digit “ 5, ” since it is equally...	[ "A)0", "B)1", "C)3", "D)5" ]	B	57/5000 = 57 /(510^3) = (57/5) 10^-3 =11.4 * 10^-3 =.0114 Thousandths digit = 1 Answer B
aquarat_4852	aquarat	<ctx> that space and is the body obtained by stretching in all directions by the factor then the volume of equals times the volume of. this is a direct consequence of the change of variables formula : where and the substitution was made. another proof of the above relation, which avoids multi - dimensional integration,...	[ "A)r^2/81", "B)r^2/9", "C)r^2/256", "D)r/3" ]	C	Questions in terms of variables can be easily solved by plugging in some values: Say n = 0 r = 4^2 = 16 and you need the value of 16^n which is 16^0 = 1 So when you put r = 16 in the options, you should get 1. Only option (A) satisfies. Answer (C)
medmcqa_1708	medmcqa	<ctx> in one - contour logical circuits / / journal of computer and systems sciences international. 1999. vol. 38. no. 5, pp. 693 – 697. shalyto a., software automation design : algorithmization and programming of problems of logical control / / journal of computer and systems sciences international. 2000. vol. 39. no....	[ "Needs advanced monitoring", "Complex", "More environmental pollution", "More economical" ]	C	Semiclose breathing circuit is less economical, causes more environmental pollution. It is simple portable and no need of advanced monitoring.
arc_challenge_164	arc_challenge	<ctx> middle of the human visual range in daylight ). the v band was chosen for spectral purposes and gives magnitudes closely corresponding to those seen by the human eye. when an apparent magnitude is discussed without further qualification, the v magnitude is generally understood. because cooler stars, such as red g...	[ "volume.", "rate of rotation.", "surface temperature.", "number of orbiting planets." ]	A
arc_easy_1142	arc_easy	<ctx> types of benthonic fish. when they do catch prey, they use benthonic pressure suction in order to take the prey into their mouth and swallow it whole. in order to create that suction to get their prey, they extend their jaws into the substrate, then they retract their jaws very quickly and create the " super ambi...	[ "attach to boats.", "not be able to survive.", "find another source of food.", "not need to eat anymore." ]	B
medmcqa_2105	medmcqa	<ctx> the natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is all living and non - living things that occur naturally on earth or some part of it ( e. g. the natural environment in a country ). this includes complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human interventio...	[ "Cocaine", "Lidocaine", "Bupivacaine", "Tetracaine" ]	A	Cocaine is the only naturally occuring local anaesthetic, obtained from leaves of Erythroxylon coca.
medmcqa_4786	medmcqa	<ctx> the most widely reported neurological disorders. approximately 12, 000 infants each year are diagnosed with germinal matrix haemorrhage or intraventricular haemorrhage in the united states. research in 2002, a dutch retrospective study analysed cases where neonatologists had intervened and drained csf by lumbar o...	[ "abc", "ad", "bc", "acd" ]	D	As dura is not punctured in epidural anesthesia, chances of postdural puncture headache, meningitis and arachnoiditis are less.
openbookqa_240	openbookqa	<ctx> he would know more in the morning. ramsay noted that " from mid - day on the 4th, the weather got progressively worse " and " no enemy reaction " ( as they had no air patrols ). he got some vessels refuelled. sunday 4 june by the morning of 4 june 1944 at the 4 : 15 briefing, conditions were clearly unsuitable fo...	[ "ride my bike", "Bring an umbrella", "Wear a coat", "Stay inside" ]	A
openbookqa_804	openbookqa	<ctx> given. substituting the given values in the equation above yields noting that, figure 10. 16 a large grindstone is given a spin by a person grasping its outer edge. 10. 61 10. 62 10. 63 3. 00 s after it is thrown, neglecting the effects of air resistance. strategy draw a sketch. figure 2. 38 we are asked to dete...	[ "a fast car and a ball", "a plank with one end raised", "a small bowl of soup", "a stick with a leaf" ]	B
mmlu_aux_7178	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##r, c., saez, a., traveset, a. & aizen, ma. ( 2016 ) evaluating the effects of pollinator ‐ mediated interactions using pollen transfer networks : evidence of widespread facilitation in south andean plant communities. ecology letters 19 : 576 – 586. traveset, a. et al. ( 2015 ) bird – flower visitation networks ...	[ "escalate reproduction", "increase water usage", "increase visual appeal", "decrease reproduction" ]	A	null
aquarat_48130	aquarat	<ctx> error ( divisionbyzero ) end if d < 0 then ( q, r ) : = divide ( n, −d ) ; return ( −q, r ) end if n < 0 then ( q, r ) : = divide ( −n, d ) if r = 0 then return ( −q, 0 ) else return ( −q − 1, d − r ) end end - - at this point, n ≥ 0 and d > 0 return divide _ unsigned ( n, d ) end function divide _ unsigned ( n, ...	[ "A)30", "B)35", "C)40", "D)50" ]	D	When a number is divided by another number, we can represent it as : Dividend = Quotient * Divisor + Remainder So, Dividend/Divisor = Quotient + Remainder/Divisor Given that N/J = 213.28 Here 213 is the quotient. Given that Remainder = 14 So, 213.28 = 213 + 14/J So, J = 50
aquarat_22422	aquarat	<ctx> in mathematics, a diophantine equation is an equation of the form p ( x1,..., xj, y1,..., yk ) = 0 ( usually abbreviated p (, ) = 0 ) where p (, ) is a polynomial with integer coefficients, where x1,..., xj indicate parameters and y1,..., yk indicate unknowns. a diophantine set is a subset s of, the set of all j ...	[ "A)21", "B)28", "C)37", "D)42" ]	A	Take LCM of 3,5 and 6 = 30 Now 3x = 30 => x =10 5y = 30 => y = 6 6z = 30 => z =5 10+6+5 = 21. Option A.
qasc_4450	qasc	<ctx> pollutants. over 45 percent of the fuel used by us manufacturers is burnt to make steam. the typical industrial facility can reduce this energy usage 20 percent ( according to the us department of energy ) by insulating steam and condensate return lines, stopping steam leakage, and maintaining steam traps. electr...	[ "the energy of the car", "air mass over Earth's surface", "the amount of cars used", "the size of the wheels" ]	C
mmlu_aux_5103	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> that break down large food molecules before absorbing them through their cell membranes. many fungi are also saprobes, feeding on dead organic matter, making them important decomposers in ecological systems. animals are multicellular eukaryotes. with few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxyge...	[ "forms a food chain", "makes animals to grow fast", "is the beginning of food chains", "is directly giving us different food" ]	C	null
mmlu_aux_6875	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 9. 3 • stoichiometry of gaseous substances, mixtures, and reactions 447 figure 9. 24 greenhouse gases trap enough of the sun ’ s energy to make the planet habitable — this is known as the greenhouse effect. human activities are increasing greenhouse gas levels, warming the planet and causing more extreme weather ...	[ "more cattle produced", "more plant life", "human population increased", "less water area" ]	C	null
openbookqa_601	openbookqa	<ctx> no freezing weather, and at no time was the thermometer in our cabin below 50°. on the deck, at one time, it fell for about three hours as low as 36°, which was accounted for by capt. r. by our passing near an iceberg. we ran up to the cape with a fair wind, then took a west wind and ran up to 60° south latitude ...	[ "sleeping", "shaking", "jumping", "running." ]	B
openbookqa_985	openbookqa	<ctx> of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv...	[ "Earth shines", "stars absorb it", "sunlight brightens it", "batteries power it" ]	C
mmlu_aux_8237	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 27. 9 • * extended topic * microscopy enhanced by the wave characteristics of light 1221 about 0. 1 nm in size and visible wavelengths range from 380 to 760 nm. ironically, special techniques used to obtain the best possible resolution with microscopes take advantage of the same wave characteristics of light that...	[ "mass", "ego", "volume", "perception of objects" ]	D	null
mmlu_aux_3834	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> emotion is still disputed. the existence of basic emotions and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology. the available research suggests that the neurobiological existence of basic emotions is still tenable and heuristically seminal, pending some reformulation. bas...	[ "the sea", "the salt", "chemicals", "animals" ]	A	null
qasc_575	qasc	<ctx> a microbial desalination cell ( mdc ) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro - active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ, resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro - active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor. available water...	[ "water energy", "power", "turbine energy", "LEDs" ]	B
aquarat_42517	aquarat	<ctx> 1. 50 km, and the distance traveled was 1. 50 km. discussion distance is a scalar. it has magnitude but no sign to indicate direction. example 2. 4 calculating acceleration : a subway train speeding up suppose the train in figure 2. 18 ( a ) accelerates from rest to 30. 0 km / h in the first 20. 0 s of its motion...	[ "A)82 km/hr", "B)80 km/hr", "C)90 km/hr", "D)60 km/hr" ]	A	speed of the second train consider as x relative speed = (x+50)*5/18 m/sec (250+5x/18) m/sec distance = (108 + 112) = 220 m ==> 220/(250+5x/18) = 6 250 + 5x = 660 =>x = 82 km/hr ANSWER A
aquarat_24346	aquarat	<ctx> from karlovac to rijeka. the line's complete length will be 269 km, or 61 km shorter than the current line. construction on the new line was announced to start in the autumn of 2008 and was to be completed before the end of 2013. the onset of the economic downturn of the late 2000s has put this project on indefin...	[ "A)33", "B)72", "C)55", "D)82" ]	A	Explanation: T = (660 + 165)/90 * 18/5 T = 33 Answer: Option A
aquarat_1802	aquarat	<ctx> each answer with the correct number of significant figures. ( a ) 62. 8 34 ( b ) 0. 147 + 0. 0066 + 0. 012 ( c ) 38 95 ##s, round up or down, whichever yields an even value for the retained digit. if any nonzero digits follow the dropped 5, round up. ( the last part of this rule may strike you as a bit odd, but ...	[ "A)Rs.2029", "B)Rs.2028", "C)Rs.2000", "D)Rs.2022" ]	C	Let the shares of A, B, C and D be 5x, 2x, 4x and 3x Rs. respectively. Then, 4x - 3x = 1000 => x = 1000. B's share = Rs. 2x = 2 * 1000 = Rs.2000. Answer: C
aquarat_35176	aquarat	<ctx> . m. and 12 : 00 to 1 : 00 p. m., the latter not airing on weekends or on days when a mets game is scheduled for 1 : 00 p. m. or earlier start ). the 11 : 00 edition is pre - empted on nights when a mets telecast starts at or after 8 : 00 p. m. loudmouths – a half - hour sports talk show ( airing weeknights at 5 ...	[ "A)Monday, 7:30 pm", "B)Monday, 9 pm", "C)Monday, 7 pm", "D)Monday, 6:45 pm" ]	C	Let the keg be a 150 Litre keg At 5 pm.. There are 75 litres At 6:30 pm there are 50 litres. So, consumption rate is 25 litres per 1.5 hours. So it will take 3 hours to finish 50 litres at this rate. During happy hour it sells 3 times faster. So, rate = 1 hour per 50 litres. So, keg becomes empty at 6:30 + 1 hour = 7 p...
aquarat_49944	aquarat	<ctx> : questions will now permit the use of a graphing calculator. the number and type of questions, as well as the section's time allocation remains the same. recent exam information below are statistics from the 2022 exam cycle showing the number of participants, the percentage who obtained a score of 3 or higher, a...	[ "A)48%", "B)55%", "C)60%", "D)71%" ]	C	C 60% In all such cases where you have to find out the probability of anything with an already given situation, you have to use the formula for conditional probability. In this case, you have to find out the probability that the second test was passed by a student given that he passed the first test already. Therefore,...
aquarat_28203	aquarat	<ctx> the relative velocity ( also or ) is the velocity of an object or observer b in the rest frame of another object or observer a. classical mechanics in one dimension ( non - relativistic ) we begin with relative motion in the classical, ( or non - relativistic, or the newtonian approximation ) that all speeds are ...	[ "A)10 sec", "B)12 sec", "C)6 sec", "D)4 sec" ]	B	Explanation: Distance = 220 m Relative speed = 60+6 = 66 kmph (Since both the train and the man are in moving in opposite direction) = 66×10/36 mps = 110/6 mps Time = distance/speed = 220/(110/6) = 12 s Answer: Option B
medmcqa_2474	medmcqa	<ctx> 11. 9 • pressures in the body 473 body system gauge pressure in mm hg while filling 0 – 25 when full 100 – 150 chest cavity between lungs and ribs −8 to −4 inside lungs −2 to + 3 digestive tract esophagus −2 stomach 0 – 20 intestines 10 – 20 middle ear < 1 table 11. 5 typical pressures in humans blood pressure co...	[ "Normotensive", "High normal BP", "Stage 1 hypeension", "Stage 2 hypeension" ]	B	When systolic and diastolic blood pressures fall in different categories, the higher category is taken to classify the individual's blood pressure. Classification of blood pressure measurements: Category Systolic BP Diastolic BP Normal <130 <85 High normal 130-139 85-90 Stage 1 hypeension 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 hypeensi...
aquarat_11426	aquarat	<ctx> a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : • x = 5 • 3 * x - 5 • 3 * ( x - 5 ) • x • type ( 1 ) • type ('1') is, entering this into the expression above, we get 21. 34 21. 35 21. 36 21. 37 21. 38 21. 39 21. 40 4. 4 operator precedence 1. b. exponentiation has the highest precedence, then div...	[ "A)1856721/1856725", "B)1288542/1288743", "C)1354321/1314325", "D)1608521/1608526" ]	C	Using elimination method on options 1354321/1314325 = 1.03043082951... ANSWER:C
aquarat_1452	aquarat	<ctx> sum of the digits of 6721 is 16. hint : there are 10 base cases, which can be checked easily with the right condition. access multimedia content ( https : / / openstax. org / books / introduction - python - programming / pages / 12 - 2 - simple - math - recursion ) of addition and subtraction ). ( a ) add 1. 002...	[ "A)36", "B)40", "C)45", "D)32" ]	C	Let the numbers be 2x and 3x L.C.M. = 6x 6x = 54 x = 9 The numbers are = 18 and 27 Required sum = 18+27 = 45 Answer is C
aquarat_34669	aquarat	<ctx> defined for r = 1, but in this case the only feasible policy is to select the first applicant, and hence p ( 1 ) = 1 / n. this sum is obtained by noting that if applicant i is the best applicant, then it is selected if and only if the best applicant among the first i − 1 applicants is among the first r − 1 applic...	[ "A)36", "B)40", "C)45", "D)51" ]	A	The total number of ways to choose 5 managers is 8C5 = 56 We need to subtract the number of groups which include the two managers, which is 6C3 = 20. 56 - 20 = 36 The answer is A.
mmlu_aux_1608	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> solar hot water is water that is heated using energy from the sun. solar energy heats up large panels called thermal collectors, commonly known as solar panels. the energy is transferred through a fluid ( often water ) to a reservoir tank for storage and subsequent use. it is then used to heat water for commercia...	[ "have three basic parts in their system", "are hardly able to heat water above 60degC", "are used widely by people all over the world", "can heat water even on cold and rainy days" ]	C	null
qasc_7769	qasc	<ctx> ##enophases were consistently recorded over the 58 years from 1891 to 1948, and a further 14 phenophases were recorded for the 20 years between 1929 and 1948. the returns were summarised each year in the quarterly journal of the rms as the phenological reports. jeffree ( 1960 ) summarised the 58 years of data, wh...	[ "air cools", "Winter", "wind", "in fall" ]	D
medmcqa_6589	medmcqa	<ctx> his hands, as they often moved involuntarily, despite his trying to stabilize them. furthermore, he often could not let go of objects after grasping them with his palms. the other individual, a 47 - year - old female with an aca in a different location of the artery, complained that her left hand would move on it...	[ "Frontal lobe", "Occipital", "Temporal", "Parietal" ]	A	Frontal lobe lesion manifest as: (Anterior Cerebral Aery occlusion) Aggressive and antisocial behaviour Abulia Apathy Urge incontinence Magnetic gait/Gait apraxia O/E: Primitive reflexes like grasp and rooting reflex are present.
medmcqa_98	medmcqa	<ctx> apprehend the principle persons aiding and abetting in the performance of it, and in the event of the police - officers being unable to apprehend them, they shall endeavour to ascertain their names and places of abode, and shall immediately communicate the whole of the particulars to the magistrate for his orders...	[ "Chief judicial magistrate", "Executive magistrate", "Police officer", "Session judge" ]	B	The body is exhumed only when, there is written order from the executive magistrate.
openbookqa_1823	openbookqa	<ctx> its outer skin would have remained largely unchanged, due to its isolation from the rest of the airship. thus, the voltage difference between frame and skin would have grown dramatically, greatly increasing the risk of a spark. yet, significantly, the fire didn't erupt until four minutes later, raising the questi...	[ "a flock of geese", "a ton of sand", "a release of air", "a release of doves" ]	C
medmcqa_8904	medmcqa	<ctx> the myoclonic triangle ( also known by its eponym triangle of guillain - mollaret or dentato - rubro - olivary pathway ) is an important feedback circuit of the brainstem and deep cerebellar nuclei which is responsible for modulating spinal cord motor activity. the circuit is thus composed : fibers of the rubro -...	[ "at parotid gland", "before entering in to stylomastoid foramen", "just before geniculate ganglion", "before entering into internal auditory meatus" ]	B	BOGORAD SYNDROME OR CROCADILE TEAR SYNDROME : damage to Para sympathetic fibres occurs before the geniculate ganglion APPLIED ASPECTS Crocodile tears syndrome/ Bogorad&;s syndrome" uncommon consequence of nerve regeneration subsequent to Bell&;s palsy or other damage to the facial nerve in which efferent fibers from th...
medmcqa_9916	medmcqa	<ctx> , in order to reduce cost. when considering children modularity of angle and height is important because of their average growth of 1. 9 cm annually. foot providing contact to the ground, the foot provides shock absorption and stability during stance. additionally it influences gait biomechanics by its shape and ...	[ "Bone", "Muscles", "Nerves", "Vessels" ]	A	Bone is kept shoer than soft tissue in flap method of amputation to facilitate closure of amputation stump. Also know: In guillotine amputation, limb is transected at one level through skin, muscle and bone. Ref: Campbell's operative Ohopaedics 10/e, page 544.
arc_easy_2041	arc_easy	<ctx> plant - pollinator interactions leading to major conservation implications within this group. destruction of populations habitat fragmentation has a major impact on animal specie populations because it deprives species of what they are naturally accustomed to. this makes the species isolated, reduces the area whe...	[ "an increase in prey populations", "a decrease in prey populations", "a decrease in decomposers", "an increase in producers" ]	B
mmlu_aux_3892	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> of borneo since the pleistocene, or a recent introduction from java, are plausible for the origin for the borneo elephants. if the borneo elephants are descended from javan elephants, then the javan elephants presumably would have also been genetically distinct from other asian elephant populations. see also asia...	[ "the Asian elephant", "the forest elephant", "the savanna elephant", "the mastodon elephant" ]	D	null
mmlu_aux_4798	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> murdock and m. horowitz, editors, pp. 292 – 311. boulder : westview press. 1988 folk tales from south arabia. [ folk tales from south arabia, the world & i 3 ( 7 ) : 503 - 509, july. the world & i ] 3 ( 7 ) : 503 - 509, july. 1988 rhinoceros horn is also the animal's achilles'heel. the christian science monitor (...	[ "An African camel has one hump becausethereare many desertsthere.", "An Asian camel has two humps because there is much food and water there.", "Camels can live a very bad life.", "A camels is the most useful animal." ]	C	null
openbookqa_946	openbookqa	<ctx> ##cast service, does not run programming outside of forecasts with the only interruption in its weather coverage coming from affiliates that carry children's programs to fulfill fcc educational programming requirements ; however, weathernation has been criticized for its very limited amount of live programming, w...	[ "be sunny", "sprinkle", "be humid", "be windy" ]	B
medmcqa_3193	medmcqa	<ctx> and amniotic membrane. the presence of a pregnancy test that is still positive, as well as an empty uterus upon transvaginal ultrasonography, does, however, fulfil the definition of pregnancy of unknown location. therefore, there may be a need for follow - up pregnancy tests to ensure that there is no remaining p...	[ "Blood loss of less than 50 ml", "Cycle duration is more than 35 days or less than 21 days", "Bleeding period lasting 7 days or more", "Irregular bleeding during a regular cycle" ]	A	Normal Menstrual Loss The upper limit of blood loss in a normal menstruation is considered as 80ml. Any bleeding above the specified normal limit is termed as abnormal uterine bleeding. Normal Menustration: Cycle interval-28days(21-35 days) Menustral flow- 4 to 5 days Menustral blood loss-35ml (20- 80ml) Common causes ...
aquarat_39442	aquarat	<ctx> is of rank 1 or less, the points are collinear. equivalently, for every subset of, if the matrix is of rank 2 or less, the points are collinear. in particular, for three points in the plane ( ), the above matrix is square and the points are collinear if and only if its determinant is zero ; since that 3 × 3 deter...	[ "A)21", "B)281", "C)168", "D)196" ]	B	Solution: select 2 from 6 and one from 7 + select 2 from 7 and 1 from 6 6C27C1 + 7C26C1 = 281 Answer : B
medmcqa_1748	medmcqa	<ctx> cough, chest pain, or breathlessness, which also occur in many other illnesses, so diagnosis can be difficult. usually, only patients with already weakened immune systems or who suffer other lung conditions are susceptible. in humans, the major forms of disease are : acute invasive aspergillosis, a form that grow...	[ "Bone", "Lymph nodes", "Pleura", "Ileocecal" ]	B	Most common extra pulmonary involvement: lymph nodes > pleura> ileocecal - GI TB most common site- ileocecal
aquarat_32822	aquarat	<ctx> , which means that no voter can increase his utility by more than the satisfaction from adding one project. they prove that, with approval ballots and cost - satisfaction, the greedy algorithm, that selects projects by the number of approvals, is strategyproof up - to one project. the result does not hold for car...	[ "A)20%", "B)30%", "C)40%", "D)50%" ]	C	Soln: Let the commitees be I and II Assuming that Anthony and Michael w go into commitee I, there is just one more place left to be filled in that commitee and it can be taken by any of the 4 remaining people. Thus 4 ways. Since the Anthony and Michael can also go into commitee II, we get 4 ways for that commitee also....
aquarat_46388	aquarat	<ctx> of. its passenger has a mass of 10. 0 g and a 20. 0 - g magnet is placed on it, what fraction of the cork will be submerged? ( c ) will the bar magnet and cork float in ethyl alcohol? 49. what fraction of an iron anchor ’ s weight will be supported by buoyant force when submerged in saltwater? 50. scurrilous con...	[ "A)100 kg", "B)120 kg", "C)89 Kg", "D)180 Kg" ]	D	Volume of water displaced = (6 x 3 x 0.01) m3 = 0.18 m3. Mass of man = Volume of water displaced x Density of water = (0.18 x 1000) kg = 180 kg. Answer: D
mmlu_aux_2653	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##zmann und das ende des mechanistischen weltbildes ( wiener vorlesungen, band 130 ). wien : picus verlag, 2007. the genesis of general relativity, 4 vols. ( boston studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 250 ) : vol. 1 and 2 ( einstein's zurich notebooks ), vol. 3 ( gravitation in the twilight of classical ph...	[ "show other scientists are no equal to Einstein except Newton", "explain the difficulty to find a talented physicist", "praise his scientific contribution to the world", "explain why there won't be a new Einstein soon" ]	D	null
medmcqa_6403	medmcqa	<ctx> events ( aes ) related to the treatment, and among them, 86 patients ( 51. 5 % ) encountered grade 3 or 4 treatment - related aes. the most prevalent nonhematologic grade 3 or 4 treatment - related aes included febrile neutropenia ( 9. 0 % ), elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase ( 7. 8 % ), and nausea ( 5....	[ "Adrenaline", "Antihistaminic", "Glucocoicoids", "Epinephrine" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adrenaline o First adrenaline should be given im to raise the blood pressure and to dilate the bronchi. o If the treatment is delayed and shock has developed, adrenaline should be given i.v. by slow injection.
arc_easy_1029	arc_easy	<ctx> motor control is the regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system. motor control includes reflexes as well as directed movement. to control movement, the nervous system must integrate multimodal sensory information ( both from the external world as well as proprioception ) and elicit the nece...	[ "nervous, skeletal, and muscular", "muscular, endocrine, and excretory", "digestive, excretory, and reproductive", "circulatory, endocrine, and respiratory" ]	B
medmcqa_5591	medmcqa	<ctx> a, strauss k, orfao a. enumeration of cd4 + t - cells in the peripheral blood of hiv - infected patients : interlaboratory study of the facscount system. cytometry. 1999 ; 38 : 231 - 7. immunology strauss k, gonzalez h. el syndrome de anticardiolipina. acta med col 1988 ; 13 : 46 - 49. strauss kw, gonzalez - buri...	[ "Cytomegalovirus", "Toxoplasma gondii", "Cryptococcus neoformans", "Histoplasma capsulatum" ]	A	The most common cause of chorioretinitis in AIDS is CMV.
medmcqa_3968	medmcqa	<ctx> biophotonics research have provided new photothermal, photodynamic, and tissue therapies. raman and ft - ir based diagnostics raman and ftir spectroscopy can be applied in many different ways towards improved diagnostics. for example : identifying bacterial and fungal infections tissue tumor assessment in : skin,...	[ "Periappendgeal bacilli", "Periappendgeal lymphocytosis", "Perivascular lymphocytosis", "All of the above" ]	D	In indeterminate leprosy, there is perivascular and Periappendageal infiltrate of lymphocytes. In lepromatous leprosy large number of lepra bacill are seen in dermal infiltrate around appendages (periappandgeal).
medmcqa_1689	medmcqa	<ctx> . a multiplicity of transmitters are utilized by autonomic nerves, and cotransmission occurs, often involving synergistic actions of the cotransmitters, although pre - and post - junctional neuromodulation of neurotransmitter release also take place. cotransmission without co - storage occurs in parasympathetic n...	[ "Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate", "Preventing the K+efflux", "Increasing the release of acetyl choline at the motor end plate", "Depolarization at the motor end plate" ]	A	Refer Katzung 10/e p 436 Neostigmine is an anti cholinerasterase. It inhibits the breakdown of ACh at the mother end plate This results in increased activity of ACh that causes depolarization of motor end plate by opening Na+channels . It posseses some direct agonistic activating on NM receptors resulting in depolariza...
medmcqa_1534	medmcqa	<ctx> embodied cognition is the concept suggesting that many features of cognition are shaped by the state and capacities of the organism. the cognitive features include a wide spectrum of cognitive functions, such as perception biases, memory recall, comprehension and high - level mental constructs ( such as meaning a...	[ "Horizontal", "Veical", "Tandem", "Oblique" ]	B	The various pas of the body are represented in the precentral gyrus, with the feet at the top of the gyrus and the face at the bottom. The facial area is represented bilaterally, but the rest of the representation is generally unilateral, with the coical motor area controlling the musculature on the opposite side of th...
medmcqa_1014	medmcqa	<ctx> been present for a long time. eczema often starts on the cheeks and outer limbs and body in infants and frequently settles in the folds of the skin such as behind the knees, folds of the elbows, around the neck, wrists and under the buttock folds as the child grows. any part of the body can be affected by ad. ad ...	[ "Auspitz sign", "KOH smear", "Tzanck smear", "Skin biopsy" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' ie Auspitz signErythematous scaly lesions on extensor aspect of elbow and knee favours the diagnosis of Psoriasis.The clinical diagnosis of psoriasis can be made by demonstrating Auspitz sign.It is a characteristic finding of psoriasis in which removal of scale leads to pinpoint bleeding.Tzanck testis used ...
mmlu_aux_8753	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ), which are part of a more " modern " lineage. the anthiini, though, can mechanically squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy ; in afrikaans, they are known as ( " eye - pissers " ). in one of the very few known cases of a vertebrate mi...	[ "frightful", "weak", "tame", "vulnerable" ]	A	null
qasc_2051	qasc	<ctx> oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. the left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs as well as the pulmonary vein which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body. pulmonary circulation the pulmonary circulation is the part of ...	[ "fertilization occurs", "prolactin release", "preventing heat transfer", "first step of respiration" ]	D
mmlu_aux_6823	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> by firmly pinching the apical meristem ( s ) so as to substantially damage vascular and structural cells but without totally breaking the stem. this causes lower limbs to grow more rapidly while the pinched tissue heals, after which time the stem resumes apical dominance. hydroponics hydroponic cultivation genera...	[ "worms", "water", "granite", "atoms" ]	C	null
aquarat_20943	aquarat	<ctx> language. the proof of the commutativity of times continues : give the conjecture the name * 1. we will appeal to induction. two inductions are suggested by terms in the conjecture, both of which are flawed. we limit our consideration to the two suggested by the largest number of nonprimitive recursive functions ...	[ "A)Both M and N can be Prime Numbers.", "B)Both M and N can be consecutive integers.", "C)M and N do not share any Prime factors.", "D)All Prime factors of M must be Prime factors of N." ]	D	If LCM of two numbers M and N is the product MN then both numbers are Co- prime. (Co-prime numbers are any two numbers which have an HCF of 1 i.e. when two numbers have no common prime factor apart from the number 1). Numbers that can be Co-Prime are : 1) Two consecutive natural numbers. 2) Two consecutive odd numbers....
aquarat_11762	aquarat	<ctx> as can be seen from the integral test. more precisely, by the euler – maclaurin formula, where is the euler – mascheroni constant and which approaches 0 as goes to infinity. divisibility no harmonic numbers are integers, except for one way to prove that is not an integer is to consider the highest power of two in...	[ "A)x/252", "B)x/84", "C)x/126", "D)x/108" ]	B	the integer has to be multiple of LCM of 28 and 21, which is 84.. so x/84 will be an integer ans B
arc_easy_1789	arc_easy	<ctx> environmental conditions. another group of plants employ " cam - cycling ", in which their stomata do not open at night ; the plants instead recycle produced by respiration as well as storing some during the day. plants showing inducible cam and cam - cycling are typically found in conditions where periods of wat...	[ "flowers", "fruits", "leaves", "roots" ]	D
aquarat_23046	aquarat	<ctx> "! style = " text - align : center ; " \| count!! style = " text - align : center ; " \| % \| - \| style = " text - align : left ; " \| ridwan kamil \| \| 7, 226, 254 \| \| 32. 88 \| - \| style = " text - align : left ; " \| tubagus hasanuddin \| \| 2, 773, 078 \| \| 12. 62 \| - \| style = " text - align : left ; " \| sudrajat \| \| ...	[ "A)13000000", "B)12500", "C)14000", "D)12000" ]	A	Explanation : Solution: let the total number of votes enrolled be x. then, number of votes cast = 70% of x. valid votes = 96% of(70% of x). .'. 75% of(96% of (70% of of x)) = 6552000. (75/100 * 96/100 * 70/100 * x) = 6552000. => x = (6552000100100100)/(7596*70) = 13000000 Answer : A
medmcqa_723	medmcqa	<ctx> subgingival calculus is a frequent finding as well as supragingival calculus due to the bacteria migrating apically and the combined effect of the host response system of the body. diagnosis 1999 classification chronic periodontitis is one of the seven destructive periodontal diseases as listed in the 1999 classi...	[ "Vascular malformation", "Cherubism", "Eosinophilic granuloma", "Brown tumor" ]	A	Vascular malformation (VM) in bone occurs more frequently than the central hemangioma (CH) of bone. Some 35% of VMs occur in bone, whereas CHs of bone are rare. The CH of bone is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the jaws; it occurs more frequently in the skull and vertebrae. It may be congenital or traumatic in ori...
arc_challenge_1077	arc_challenge	<ctx> instruments use a microscope to enhance the accuracy of measurements taken using this method. chilled mirror analyzers are subject to the confounding effects of some contaminants, however, at levels similar to other analyzers. with proper filtration and gas analysis preparation systems, other condensable liquids ...	[ "a stopwatch.", "a heat source.", "safety goggles.", "a thermometer." ]	A
qasc_3845	qasc	<ctx> virtually inexhaustible on a human time - scale ". examples given include solar energy, tidal energy, and wind energy, to which should be added salt, stone, magnesium, diamonds, and other materials mentioned above. a study on the biogeophysical aspects of sustainability came up with a rule of prudent practice tha...	[ "active immunity", "density", "Veins and arteries.", "oxygen cells" ]	A
aquarat_9408	aquarat	<ctx> ##x2 as used and place the new remainder x2 above it. divide the highest term of the remainder by the highest term of the divisor ( x2 ÷ x = x ). place the result ( + x ) below the bar. x2 has been divided leaving no remainder, and can therefore be marked as used. the result x is then multiplied by the second ter...	[ "A)A)12", "B)B)14", "C)C)16", "D)D)18" ]	D	d = (D-R)/Q = (199 - 1)/11 = 198/11 = 18 D)
mmlu_aux_3791	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> extent of your capabilities, but you may not hunt down competitors or destroy their food or deny them access to food. in other words, you may compete but you may not wage war ". all species inevitably follow this law, or as a consequence go extinct ; the takers, however, believe themselves to be exempt from this ...	[ "A groove formed because of natural forces.", "The family decided to keep the tree because they had become attached to it.", "All of the elms in Beulah, Michigan died of the disease.", "The plant experts advised the family to chop it down." ]	B	null
qasc_5292	qasc	<ctx> figure 10 and the tiny granada crater ( on the right side ) of figure 9. most of the initial sediment blocks project above the surrounding material ( by a few centimeters or more ) and are exposed to saltating sand ( i. e., wind - driven, bouncing sand ). the saltating sand erodes the soft, easy - to - erode part...	[ "Sediment", "shallower", "less wide", "deeper and wider" ]	D
medmcqa_3846	medmcqa	<ctx> use the air quality index ( aqi ) to check the level of pollution in the outside air before engaging in sporting activities. some common disease screenings include checking for hypertension ( high blood pressure ), hyperglycemia ( high blood sugar, a risk factor for diabetes mellitus ), hypercholesterolemia ( hig...	[ "Screening test", "Early diagnosis", "Use of mosquito net", "Restoration of lost function" ]	C	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Use of mosquito net Level of preventionExampleso Primordial preventiono Discouragement from adapting a harmful lifestyle, e.g. smokingo Primary preventiono Immunization (vaccination)o Chemoprophylaxiso Nutritional supplementation programmeso Chlorination of watero Using a mosquito neto Health educatio...
arc_easy_389	arc_easy	<ctx> 1. 2 phases and classification of matter learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • describe the basic properties of each physical state of matter : solid, liquid, and gas • distinguish between mass and weight • apply the law of conservation of matter • classify matter as an element, ...	[ "heating a pan of water until the water is all gone", "putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it", "heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue", "transferring sugar into a storage container" ]	A

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