id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aquarat_7440 | aquarat | <ctx>
are 11 points on the circle sharing a color with a ( including a itself ), each of which is involved with 2 pairs. this means there are 21 pairs other than ( a, b ) which include the same color as a, and the same holds true for b. the worst that can happen is that these two sets are disjoint, so we can take d = 4... | [
"A)380",
"B)200",
"C)110",
"D)180"
] | A | Maximum points of intersection between n different circles = n*(n - 1) = 20*19 = 380
Answer: A |
openbookqa_1361 | openbookqa | <ctx>
439 – 446. monismith, s. g., j. r. burau, and m. stacey ( 1996 ). stratification dynamics and gravitational circulation on northern san francisco bay. san francisco bay : the ecosystem. j. t. hollibaugh. san francisco, ca, american association for the advancement of science : 123 – 153. moyle, p. b., b. herbold, ... | [
"tips",
"noses",
"neck slits",
"wings"
] | C | |
arc_easy_1751 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in real time at times of peak demand, when relatively dirty power plants would otherwise need to be turned on. standby power used by consumer electronics and appliances while they are turned off accounts for an estimated 5 to 10 % of household electricity consumption, adding an estimated $ 3 billion to annual ene... | [
"flushing toilets and washing clothes",
"washing clothes and using sink faucets",
"using sink faucets and showering",
"showering and flushing toilets"
] | A | |
medmcqa_8839 | medmcqa | <ctx>
provinces ( e. g., who definition by birth at ≥28 weeks versus birth at ≥20 weeks or ≥500g ). furthermore, what constitutes reduced biological growth potential is variably defined, ranging from birth weight < 2500g, to birth weight < 3rd percentile for gestational age and gender. with future convergence in mind, ... | [
"100 gm/litre",
"105 gin/litre",
"110 gm/litre",
"115 gm/litre"
] | C | |
arc_easy_251 | arc_easy | <ctx>
18. 1 • static electricity and charge : conservation of charge 775 figure 18. 4 a glass rod becomes positively charged when rubbed with silk, while the silk becomes negatively charged. ( a ) the glass rod is attracted to the silk because their charges are opposite. ( b ) two similarly charged glass rods repel. ( ... | [
"spread evenly throughout the model.",
"located at multiple sites in the model.",
"concentrated in the center of the model.",
"positioned outside the center of the model."
] | C | |
medmcqa_5644 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##broids with low side - effects. long - term upa - treated fibroids have shown volume reduction of about 70 %. in some cases upa alone is used to relieve symptoms without surgery, and to allow successful pregnancies without fibroid regrowth. indeed, in the tumor cells, the molecule blocks the cell proliferation,... | [
"Bromocriptine",
"Levodopa",
"Amantadine",
"Metoclopramide"
] | D | |
medmcqa_7511 | medmcqa | <ctx>
26. 2 vision correction 6. it has become common to replace the cataract - clouded lens of the eye with an internal lens. this intraocular lens can be chosen so that the person has perfect distant vision. will the person be able to read without glasses? if the person was nearsighted, is the power of the intraocula... | [
"Argon Laser",
"Nd YAg",
"Holmium",
"Diode laser"
] | B | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 214 - 215)After cataract, if thin, can be cleared centrally by Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Dissection with cystitome or Zeigler&;s knife also be used. Thick membranous after cataract needs surgical membranectomy. |
medmcqa_9143 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##virus research 6. 2018. evaluation of self - collected vaginal specimens for the detection of high - risk hpv infection and the prediction of high - grade cervical intraepithelial lesions in a high - burden, low - resource setting. clinical microbiology and infection 25. 2018. innovative approaches to cervical ... | [
"11,13",
"17,18",
"5, 8",
"6, 11"
] | D | Genital warts (anogenital warts or condyloma acuminata) is most commonly caused by low risk HPV that is HPV-6,11. High risk HPV that is HPV-16,18, 31, 33, 45 can lead to cervical carcinoma. |
mmlu_aux_4181 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
extraterrestrial liquid water ( ) is water in its liquid state that naturally occurs outside earth. it is a subject of wide interest because it is recognized as one of the key prerequisites for life as we know it and thus surmised as essential for extraterrestrial life. although many celestial bodies in the solar... | [
"Streams of Water Spotted on Mars",
"Astronauts will Land on Mars",
"NASA's Mars Exploration Program",
"A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars"
] | A | null |
aquarat_13061 | aquarat | <ctx>
increases and the search space suffers a serious combinatorial explosion. some techniques for determining the upper and lower bounds for the snake - in - the - box problem include proofs using discrete mathematics and graph theory, exhaustive search of the search space, and heuristic search utilizing evolutionary... | [
"A)6.1",
"B)6.3",
"C)7.2",
"D)8.2"
] | B | for perimeter of all hexagon =6*(3+8+13+...........20th term.)
sum will be 6060 mm
and for length of one diagonal find 20th term=98
so total length =6060+294=6354 mm=6.354 m
ANSWER:B |
openbookqa_2334 | openbookqa | <ctx>
processing of the information given. cognitive processing cannot occur without learning, they work hand in hand to fully grasp the information. cognitive process nature versus nurture nature versus nurture refers to the theory about how people are influenced. the nature mentality is around the idea that we are in... | [
"extrinsic",
"Earth",
"armadillos",
"planets"
] | A | |
medmcqa_906 | medmcqa | <ctx>
genetics twin studies have estimated that approximately 20 - 30 % of the variation in human lifespan can be related to genetics, with the rest due to individual behaviors and environmental factors which can be modified. although over 200 gene variants have been associated with longevity according to a us - belgia... | [
"Telosomerase",
"Topoisomerase",
"Telomerase",
"DNA polymerase"
] | C | Ans. (c) TelomeraseRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 374, 732, 26th ed. Pg- 318* The ends of each chromosome contain structures called telomeres.* Telomeres consist of short, repeat TG-rich sequences. Human telomeres have a variable number of repeats of the sequence 5'-TTAGGG-3', which can extend for several kil... |
medmcqa_5731 | medmcqa | <ctx>
99 – 159. robert k. crane. " digestion and absorption : water - soluble organics ". international review of physiology, gastrointestinal physiology ii, vol. 12, robert k. crane, ed., university park press, 1977, pp. 325 – 365. robert k. crane. " intestinal structure and function related to toxicity ". environment... | [
"Xylose",
"Mannose",
"Glucose",
"Ribose"
] | C | C i.e. GlucoseFinal products of carbohydrate digestion in intestinal chyme are glucose & fructoseQ.The glucose transpo in intestine is an example of secondary active transpo i.e., the energy of glucose transpo is provided indirectly by active transpo of Na+ out of cell. Because glucose & Na+ share the same cotranspoer ... |
aquarat_4579 | aquarat | <ctx>
for each time the slower one ticks. but since clock crystals are not precise, the exact number of ticks will vary. that variation can be used to create random bits. for instance, if the number of fast ticks is even, a 0 is chosen, and if the number of ticks is odd, a 1 is chosen. thus such a 100 / 1000000 rng cir... | [
"A)1,250 seconds",
"B)1,500 seconds",
"C)1,750 seconds",
"D)2,000 seconds"
] | D | To minimize the amount of time, we should make both machines work all the time while producing 1,000 nuts and 1,000 bolts.
Two machines to produce 1,000 bolts will need (1,000*3)/2 = 1500 seconds.
Two machines to produce 1,000 nuts will need (1,000*1)/2 = 500 seconds.
Total = 1500 + 500 = 2000.
Answer: D |
aquarat_565 | aquarat | <ctx>
2b. in 2012, it won the 2b state championship, followed by two third place finishes in 2013 and 2014. academic decathlon : 2007 and 2008 washington state small school champions. acsi ( association of christian schools international ) math league : 2007 regional champions in algebra 1, algebra 2, and calculus ; 20... | [
"A)8",
"B)9",
"C)11",
"D)12"
] | A | X = 8 + 5 + 4 - (6 + 2 + 1) = 8
Answer is A |
aquarat_5704 | aquarat | <ctx>
formulas for the surface areas of simple shapes were computed by the ancient greeks, but computing the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus. area plays an important role in modern mathematics. in addition to its obvious importance in geometry and calculus, area is relat... | [
"A)928",
"B)936",
"C)948",
"D)968"
] | B | The length of a smaller square - x;
The length of a larger square - x+8;
The area of entire square - x^2+(x+8)^2=1000 --> 2x^2+16x=936;
The combined area of the two white rectangles - x(x+8)+x(x+8)=2x^2+16x --> look up: 2x^2+16x=936.
Answer: B. |
medmcqa_9738 | medmcqa | <ctx>
are concerns that rapid - development programslike operation warp speedare choosing candidates mainly for their manufacturing advantages rather than optimal safety and efficacy. development cepi classifies development stages for vaccines as " exploratory " ( planning and designing a candidate, having no evaluatio... | [
"0,3,7,14,28",
"8,0,4,0,1,1",
"8,0,0,4,1,1",
"8,0,4,0,0,1"
] | B | 8, 0, 4, 0, 1, 1 |
aquarat_42926 | aquarat | <ctx>
mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif... | [
"A)12%",
"B)26%",
"C)29%",
"D)30%"
] | B | In the first plot 20% of 300 seeds germinated, so 0.20 x 300 = 60 seeds germinated.
In the second plot, 35% of 200 seeds germinated, so 0.35 x 200 = 70 seeds germinated.
Since 60 + 70 = 130 seeds germinated out of a total of 300 + 200 = 500 seeds, the percent of seeds that germinated is (130/500) x 100%, or 26%.
Answer... |
medmcqa_6407 | medmcqa | <ctx>
of drugs and enzyme inhibitors recommendations of the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry ( nc - iub ) on enzyme inhibition terminology medicinal chemistry metabolism
##rski's and gupta's groups further showed that mouse pgrps play a role in maintaining anti - and pro - inflammatory... | [
"H2 receptor blockers",
"Proton pump inhibitors",
"Macrolide antibiotic",
"Sucralfate"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Proton pump inhibitors * PPI are the DOC for peptic ulcer (gastric or duodenal), GERD, ZE syndrome, prevention of aspiratory pneumonia and NSAID induced gastric / duodenal ulcers. Note - PGE1 analogue (Misoprostol) is specific drug for prevention and treatment of NSAID induced ulcer, but DOC is PPL |
qasc_7337 | qasc | <ctx>
##sseroth k, lin d. hypothalamic control of male aggression - seeking behavior. 2016. nature neuroscience. pmid 26950005 doi : 10. 1038 / nn. 4264 wang l, chen iz, lin d. collateral pathways from the ventromedial hypothalamus mediate defensive behaviors. 2015. neuron. 85 : 1344 – 58. pmid 25754823 doi : 10. 1016 ... | [
"hyperthyroidism",
"aggressive",
"hormones",
"humans"
] | B | |
mmlu_aux_8699 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
forest ecology is the scientific study of the interrelated patterns, processes, flora, fauna and ecosystems in forests. the management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. a forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals, and micro - organisms ( biot... | [
"share their space",
"sell that space",
"lose their space",
"fight for space"
] | C | null |
arc_easy_1083 | arc_easy | <ctx>
a. ( eds ) ( 2008 ), sustaining life : how human health depends on biodiversity, ch. 8, pp. 339, oxford university press cox, p. a., and elmqvist ( 2000 ), pollinator extinction in the pacific islands, vol. 14 pp. 1237 – 1239 de mazancourt, c., loreau, m., and dieckmann, u. ( 2005 ), understanding mutualism where... | [
"The organisms ignore each other.",
"The organisms cooperate with each other.",
"The organisms prey on each other.",
"The organisms compete with each other."
] | B | |
qasc_8029 | qasc | <ctx>
in genetics, paternal mtdna transmission and paternal mtdna inheritance refer to the incidence of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) being passed from a father to his offspring. paternal mtdna inheritance is observed in a small proportion of species ; in general, mtdna is passed unchanged from a mother to her offspring,... | [
"pollen",
"eggs",
"seeds",
"cells"
] | B | |
openbookqa_164 | openbookqa | <ctx>
11. 96 seconds this week. can we conclude that this week's time was faster? solution no, the uncertainty in the stopwatch is too great to effectively differentiate between the sprint times. precision of measuring tools and significant figures an important factor in the accuracy and precision of measurements invol... | [
"distance between cities",
"air",
"stuff",
"motivation"
] | C | |
arc_easy_2080 | arc_easy | <ctx>
the green tree python ( morelia viridis ) is a species of snake in the family pythonidae. the species is native to new guinea, some islands in indonesia, and the cape york peninsula in australia. first described by hermann schlegel in 1872, it was known for many years as chondropython viridis. as its common name ... | [
"There are many animals for food.",
"There are no natural snake predators.",
"The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.",
"The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting."
] | B | |
aquarat_40061 | aquarat | <ctx>
this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33
32 7. 33
get 31. 55 31. 56 × × ×
8. 79 8. 80 8. 81 8. 82
</ctx>
The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about STEM.
(128.5 x 32) + (13.8 x 30) = ? x 25
A. A)524.48
B. B)556.02
C. C)574.36
D. D)181.0... | [
"A)524.48",
"B)556.02",
"C)574.36",
"D)181.04"
] | D | Explanation :
? = (128.5 x 32) + (13.8 x 30)/25
= 4112 + 414/25 = 181.04
Answer : Option D |
aquarat_35606 | aquarat | <ctx>
to define a father - son distance ( average age of fathers at the birth of their sons ) or not to take sex into account at all in the definition. in age - structured population models, an expression is given by :, where is the growth rate of the population, is the survivorship function ( probability that an indiv... | [
"A)40 years",
"B)45 years",
"C)50 years",
"D)55 years"
] | B | Solution
Let the sum of present ages of the two sons be x years.
Then,father's present age = 3x years.
∴ (3x + 5)=2 (x +10) ⇔ 3x + 5 = 2x + 20 ⇔ x =15.
Hence,father's present age = 45 years. Answer B |
aquarat_32629 | aquarat | <ctx>
likely to occur. in order to obtain a range that does not begin with 1 or 0, simply add a constant value to bring it into that range ( to obtain random numbers between 8 and 16, inclusive, follow the 1 – 9 instructions below, and add seven to the result of each roll ). 1 – 9 : 1 die is rolled ( chosen at random )... | [
"A)1/6",
"B)7/216",
"C)1/36",
"D)9/216"
] | C | the total number of possible outcomes is, of course, 6^3.
Fortunately, there are only two combinations of three dice throws that will give you a sum of 16:
5, 5, 6
4, 6, 6
(I have a hard time remembering a real GMAT question that would give you 12, as the number of potential combinations is indeed inordinately large an... |
aquarat_31124 | aquarat | <ctx>
strategy for ( b ) the efficiency can be calculated with since is given and work was found in the first part of this example. solution for ( b ) efficiency is given by :. the work was just found to be, and is given, so the efficiency is 15. 26 15. 27 15. 28 × × 15. 29 15. 30
of water. strategy b taking a ratio o... | [
"A)27%",
"B)25%",
"C)21%",
"D)15%"
] | D | SP = CP + g
150 SP = 150 CP + 20 SP
130 SP = 150 CP
130 --- 20 CP
100 --- ? => 15%
Answer:D |
mmlu_aux_4594 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, observed that comets moved regularly through the sky and were undisturbed by the wind, behavior more typical of celestial than atmospheric phenomena. while he conceded that the other planets do not appear outside the zodiac, he saw no reason that a planet - like object could not move through any part of the sky... | [
"Comets and the sun.",
"Why comets are like snowballs.",
"Who discovered the first comet.",
"Facts about comets."
] | D | null |
aquarat_26098 | aquarat | <ctx>
days on a certain date ), the dominical letter ( used to determine the day of the week for particular dates ) and the indiction ( the number of a given year in a fifteen - year period ). the computations after the gregorian reform of 1582 should also take into account additional corrections necessary due to parti... | [
"A)4",
"B)5",
"C)6",
"D)7"
] | D | work done by A per day=1/12
work done by B per day=1/18
work done by A and B per day=1/12+1/18=5/36
work done by A and B for 3 days=5*3/36=5/12
work remasining=1-5/12=7/12
. After that A takes 7days to complete the work
ANSWER:D |
aquarat_34450 | aquarat | <ctx>
a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : • x = 5 • 3 * x - 5 • 3 * ( x - 5 ) • x • type ( 1 ) • type ('1')
##s, round up or down, whichever yields an even value for the retained digit. if any nonzero digits follow the dropped 5, round up. ( the last part of this rule may strike you as a bit... | [
"A)12",
"B)20",
"C)45",
"D)60"
] | C | Given ratios
5 : 3
4 : 9
20:12:27
The second number = 177/(20+12+27) * 15 = 45
Answer is C |
mmlu_aux_3324 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##ft and gust fronts happening, but since this a small scale feature, detection algorithms have been developed to point convergence and divergence areas under a thunderstorm on the radar display. satellite imagery most populated areas of the earth are now well covered by weather satellites, which aid in the nowca... | [
"with some simple practice looking up at the sky",
"with the help of the high-speed computers",
"through complex instruments",
"by visiting a weather station"
] | A | null |
medmcqa_1296 | medmcqa | <ctx>
personal journey from synapse to circuit to behavior ”. social reward circuitry bellone sought to explore the connection between altered synaptic proteins and impaired social behaviors, merging her previous research experience with her new independent career interests. reading genetic studies of autism spectrum d... | [
"K+ ATP channel blocker",
"Na ATP channel blocker",
"Cl ATP channel blocker",
"Ca ATP channel blocker."
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., K ATP channel blocker * Sulfonylurease provoke a brisk release of insulin from pancreas. They act on the so called "Sulfonylurea receptors" (SUR1) on pancreatic b-cell membrane - cause depolarization by reducing conductance of ATP sensitive K+ channels. This enhances influx of Ca+2 - degranulation. Th... |
openbookqa_749 | openbookqa | <ctx>
, lime green, sage green, depression green, emerald green, olive green, yellow - olive green, aqua, cornflower blue, electric blue, cobalt blue, sapphire blue, glowing peacock blue, and many others. different colors were produced to allow two or more different utility companies to quickly identify which wires wer... | [
"The Alps",
"Antarctica",
"Redwood National Park",
"The Pacific"
] | C | |
medmcqa_2547 | medmcqa | <ctx>
although 3m recommends that petrifilms be stacked no higher than 20 ). for enumeration, petrifilm plates can be used on any colony counter for enumeration just like a petri dish. various enumeration experiments have shown very little or no variance between counts obtained through petrifilm and standard agar count... | [
"1-2%",
"0.50%",
"6%",
"5%"
] | C | For solid agar - 1-2%
For Semisolid agar - 0.5%
For solid agar to inhibit proteus swarming - 6% |
aquarat_9096 | aquarat | <ctx>
10 = 10 b type orders ) and hence total profit will be ( 50 x 10 = rs. 500 for 100 % utilization ) but if it is busy with a type orders, it can do only ( = 100 / 40 = 2. 5 no. of orders ). in this situation it will earn net profit of ( 50 x 2. 5 = rs. 125 for 100 % utilization ). from the customer ’ s point of vi... | [
"A)62.5",
"B)62.0",
"C)62.6",
"D)216.67"
] | D | CP = 150
SP = 150*(130/100) = 195
MP*(90/100) = 195
MP = 216.67
Answer: D |
aquarat_44206 | aquarat | <ctx>
##369, i. e. 31st december 2015 day = 42679 doy = 42679 − 42369 = 310. finally, find the week number : dow = 6, i. e. saturday woy = ( 10 + 310 − 6 ) div 7 woy = ( 320 − 6 ) div 7 woy = 314 div 7 = 44. calculating an ordinal or month date from a week date algorithm multiply the week number by 7. then add the week... | [
"A)24",
"B)23",
"C)18",
"D)21"
] | B | Explanation :
Mentioned month has begins on a Saturday and has 30 days
Sundays = 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th
=> Total Sundays = 5
Second Saturdays = 8th and 22nd
Total Second Saturdays = 2
Total Holidays = Total Sundays + Total Second Saturdays = 5 + 2 = 7
Total days in the month = 30
Total working days = 30 - 7 = 23
An... |
aquarat_556 | aquarat | <ctx>
this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33
2. 4 • the cross product 163 188. simplify in the following exercises, vectors and are given. find unit vector in the direction of the cross product vector express your answer using standard unit vectors. 189. 190. 191. w... | [
"A)1600",
"B)8000",
"C)16000",
"D)12000"
] | C | Explanation:
Place value = Local value
Face value = Absolute value
The place value of 4 in 564823 is 4 x 1000 = 4000
The face value of 4 in 564823 is nothing but 4.
=> 4000 x 4 = 16000
Answer: Option C |
medmcqa_580 | medmcqa | <ctx>
k. ( 2011 ). mutations in mtfmt underlie a human disorder of formylation causing impaired mitochondrial translation. cell metabolism, 14 ( 3 ), 428 - 434. tucker, e. j., wanschers, b. f., szklarczyk, r., mountford, h. s., wijeyeratne, x. w., van den brand, m. a.,... & thorburn, d. r. ( 2013 ). mutations in the uq... | [
"Better glucose tolerance",
"Muscle cramps",
"Decrease in urea level",
"Hypokalemia"
] | B | Inhibitors of renal epithelial Na+ channel Include Triamterene and amiloride. Triamterene:- It is incompletely absorbed orally, paly bound to plasma proteins, largely metabolized in liver to an active metabolite and excreted in urine. Plasma t 1/2 is 4 hours, effect of a single dose lasts 6-8 hours. Side effects:- cons... |
qasc_2833 | qasc | <ctx>
farming ) is another factor. excessive nutrient load and other forms of pollution over - exploitation and unsustainable use ( e. g. unsustainable fishing methods ) armed conflict, which disrupts human livelihoods and institutions, contributes to habitat loss, and intensifies over - exploitation of economically va... | [
"snakes",
"erosion",
"creating paper",
"sunlight"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_3092 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
hours at 600 myr ago to the current 24 - hour value. by counting the microscopic lamina that form at higher tides, tidal frequencies ( and thus day lengths ) can be estimated, much like counting tree rings, though these estimates can be increasingly unreliable at older ages. resonant stabilization the current rat... | [
"to find out where the typical earthquakes occur",
"to indicate when the regular earthquakes occur",
"to uncover how low-frequency earthquakes occur",
"to offer more information about the deeper part of the fault"
] | D | null |
openbookqa_2365 | openbookqa | <ctx>
of birds, corellas, ducks and pigeons, the mammals able to be captured include young euros or rock wallabies and it is known to reside at fruit bat colonies. smaller sized individuals are presumed to subsist on prey such as frogs and reptiles. the python may traverse difficult terrain to relocate to hunt or find ... | [
"trees",
"rivers",
"mountains",
"turf"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_7160 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
perrins ( eds. ), evolutionary ecology. macmillan, london. 1977 m. mares & mlr. seeds - seedeater systems. pp. 196 – 204 in g. orians & o. solbrig ( eds. ), convergent evolution in warm deserts. dowden, hutchinson and ross, stroudsburg, pa. 1975 g. schroder & mlr. perturbation analysis of competition and overlap ... | [
"producers",
"apex predators",
"decomposers",
"detritivores"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_2091 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a shark attack is an attack on a human by a shark. every year, around 80 unprovoked attacks are reported worldwide. despite their rarity, many people fear shark attacks after occasional serial attacks, such as the jersey shore shark attacks of 1916, and horror fiction and films such as the jaws series. out of mor... | [
"People kill sharks for food.",
"People kill sharks for sport.",
"People kill sharks out of fear.",
"People kill sharks because they often attack swimmers."
] | D | null |
qasc_4111 | qasc | <ctx>
starlight is the light emitted by stars. it typically refers to visible electromagnetic radiation from stars other than the sun, observable from earth at night, although a component of starlight is observable from earth during daytime. sunlight is the term used for the sun's starlight observed during daytime. dur... | [
"The Earth",
"a prism",
"The sun.",
"A shadow"
] | C | |
arc_challenge_212 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
uplands have traditionally suffered from drought, infertile soils, weeds, and plant diseases. soils there have been severely eroded and degraded as a result of the slash - and - burn agriculture that for many years followed logging. this, in turn, destroys the watershed, producing problems in the lands below. alr... | [
"The grass grew and kept the soil intact.",
"The fence kept the soil contained.",
"The soil was completely gone.",
"The amount of rain decreased."
] | A | |
qasc_2657 | qasc | <ctx>
in biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms'observable traits. genetic changes include mutations, which are cau... | [
"solid, liquid, gas",
"peachleaf willow",
"Plants growth",
"macroevolution"
] | D | |
aquarat_13075 | aquarat | <ctx>
on an m - machine flow - shop with a critical machine. european journal of operational research, 201, pp. 404 – 408. b. mor and g. mosheiov. ( 2010 ). scheduling problems with two competing agents to minimize minmax and minsum earliness measures. european journal of operational research, 206, pp. 540 – 546. b. mo... | [
"A)m",
"B)n",
"C)m+n",
"D)5n/25-mn"
] | D | working rate p = 5/m ; working rate pq =( 1/p +1/q)* n =5 or mn/5 +n/q =5 0r n/q = 5-mn/5 = 25-mn/5
q = 5n/25-mn
D |
aquarat_38376 | aquarat | <ctx>
##0 = d. then γ an integer and γ = 1 γ ≤ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat... | [
"A)18",
"B)15",
"C)-16",
"D)-21"
] | C | f(x) = x^2 + bx + c. If f(6) = 0 and f(-2) = 0, then b + c =
f(6) = 0= 36+6b+c--- Taking 36 to the other side
-> 6b+c= -36
f(-2) =0= 4-2b+c --- taking -2b+c to the other side
-> 2b-c=4
When we add these 2 equations, we get 8b= -32---> b= -4
And while substituting b= -4 we get c= -12.
b+c= -16--- Answer C |
medmcqa_7686 | medmcqa | <ctx>
breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo... | [
"Superior vena cava",
"Internal jugular vein",
"External jugular vein",
"Common iliac vein"
] | D | -Right Posterior cardinal veins contribute to inferior vena cava and common iliac veins. Left anterior and Left posterior cardinal veins regress - Superior vena cava and jugular veins develop from anterior cardinal veins. |
arc_challenge_62 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
small populations can behave differently from larger populations. they are often the result of population bottlenecks from larger populations, leading to loss of heterozygosity and reduced genetic diversity and loss or fixation of alleles and shifts in allele frequencies. a small population is then more susceptib... | [
"The females will find another type of male animal to mate with and produce more Siberian tigers.",
"The females will mate with each other and produce more Siberian tigers.",
"The females will only be able to produce female Siberian tigers.",
"The females will not be able to produce more Siberian tigers, and ... | D | |
aquarat_25959 | aquarat | <ctx>
of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ... | [
"A)10000",
"B)30000",
"C)50000",
"D)60000"
] | C | Let the sum be Rs. x. Then,
(x * 25/2 * 1/100) - (x * 10 * 1)/100 = 1250
25x - 20x = 250000
x = 50000
Option C |
arc_easy_963 | arc_easy | <ctx>
detrital web, plant and animal matter is broken down by decomposers, e. g., bacteria and fungi, and moves to detritivores and then carnivores. there are often relationships between the detrital web and the grazing web. mushrooms produced by decomposers in the detrital web become a food source for deer, squirrels,... | [
"pie chart",
"bar graph",
"line graph",
"scatterplot"
] | A | |
qasc_3186 | qasc | <ctx>
the early modern age saw various economic changes as well as several significant diseases that have affected the mortality rates. data collection during this time was not consistent or broadly recorded and there have been efforts to reconstruct plausible statistics. mortality rates vary on geographic location, so... | [
"carcinogens",
"rivalry",
"smoking tobacco",
"Heavy rains"
] | A | |
medmcqa_4197 | medmcqa | <ctx>
committee on education in medicinal chemistry of the international union of pure and applied chemistry ( iupac ), which prepared the report on the international education of medicinal chemists ( iupac technical reports number 13 ; 1974 ). his affiliations with several scientific and professional organizations inc... | [
"Scoline",
"Atracurium",
"Vecuronium",
"Gallamine"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Gallamine 'Urinary Excretion of Gallamine is>95%. Its biliary excretion is <1 %."-Lee, 12/eGallamineIt is nephrotoxic so C/I in Renal Failure *.It crosses placenta so C/I in Pregnancy *.Some important facts about Muscle Relaxants which are frequently asked:M.R. undergone Hoffman's elimination - Atracur... |
medmcqa_4306 | medmcqa | <ctx>
escherichia coli ( ; commonly abbreviated e. coli ) is a gram - negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm - blooded organisms ( endotherms ). the descendants of two isolates, k - 12 and b strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism. diversi... | [
"O 157:H7",
"O 159:H7",
"O 107:H7",
"O 55:H7"
] | A | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7 is the serotype of E.coli causing hemorrhagic colitis. It is associated with the ingestion of undercooked hamburger, sprouts, unpasteurized milk or juice. EHEC produces a shiga toxin and can cause colitis after an incubation period of 3 -5 days. It typically produces watery diarrhea tha... |
mmlu_aux_4185 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
in some countries there is an overpopulation of pets such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals. in the united states, six to eight million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated three to four million are subsequently euthanized, including 2. 7 million considered healthy and adoptable. eutha... | [
"Many species are endangered because they are killed by loose dogs.",
"Wild dogs are immune to many diseases.",
"Wolves are still the greatest enemy of livestock.",
"Loose dogs pose a great danger to wildlife."
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_7277 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. its main goals are reducing drag and wind noise, minimizing noise emission, and preventing undesired lift forces and other causes of aerodynamic instability at high speeds. air is also considered a fluid in this case. for some classes of r... | [
"rush forward faster than before",
"wind is unable to affect car speed",
"move forward instead of sideways",
"maintain speed and direction"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_2098 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
that race is over, and we won. the time now is to build a sustainable, reusable architecture. [... ] the next time we go to the moon, we're going to have american boots on the moon with the american flag on their shoulders, and they're going to be standing side - by - side with our international partners who have... | [
"Why Say No ?",
"Voices From Experts",
"Should We Go Back to the Moon ?",
"Business Development in Space Flights"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_1401 | medmcqa | <ctx>
changes. the requirement to prove a constitutional violation is that care must be withheld with " deliberate indifference, " meaning that an " official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety " and that " the official must both be aware of the facts from which the inference could be d... | [
"Cause of death elsewhere",
"Time since death",
"Manner of death",
"Position of the body at the death"
] | C | The postmoem hypostasis helps to estimate time since death with its extent, is a sign of death, posture and moving of body at death by its fixation. Cause of death can be determined from its colour. Dr.Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 27th edition pg. 78. |
aquarat_38453 | aquarat | <ctx>
e ) the mineral brucite, mg ( oh ) 2 15 • exercises 775 28. the following concentrations are found in mixtures of ions in equilibrium with slightly soluble solids. from the concentrations given, calculate ksp for each of the slightly soluble solids indicated : ( a ) agbr : [ ag + ] = 5. 7 10 – 7 m, [ br – ] = 5. ... | [
"A)1 kg",
"B)200gms",
"C)1.8kg",
"D)4.5kg"
] | A | There are 200 grams of iron in 1 kg (1,000 grams) of the mixture.
If we add x grams of sand, the total amount would be 1,000 + x grams of mixture and we need 200 grams of iron to be 10% of that: 0.1(1,000 + x) = 200 --> x = 1,000.
Answer: A.
Or: for 200 grams of iron to be 10 of the mixture, the mixture must be 2,000 g... |
pubmedqa_456 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
nail avulsion ( removal ) except under extreme circumstances. in most cases, these physicians will remove both sides of a toenail ( even if one side is not currently ingrown ) and coat the nail matrix on both sides with a chemical or acid ( usually phenol ) to prevent re - growth. this leaves most of the nail int... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
medmcqa_1357 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in asia. every year, about 2, 500 to 3, 500 people become infected with n. meningitidis in the us, with a frequency of about 1 in 100, 000. children younger than five years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. rates in the african meningitis belt were as high as 1 in 1, 000 to 1 in 100 ... | [
"1 -2 weeks",
"2-3 weeks",
"3-4 weeks",
"4-5 weeks"
] | B | Incubation period of mumps is 2-3 wks Ref Harrison20th edition pg 897 |
openbookqa_350 | openbookqa | <ctx>
also occurs in the intraradical mycelium. lipids are then stored or exported to extraradical hyphae where they may be stored or metabolized. the breakdown of lipids into hexoses, known as gluconeogenesis, occurs in the extraradical mycelium. approximately 25 % of the carbon translocated from the plant to the fung... | [
"tinder",
"concrete ground",
"area under grass",
"store"
] | C | |
openbookqa_3069 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##usie ). factors to clear up residual striping ( hypothetical chaos, confusion, unconfused, erase, and roan factors ). fever coat fever coat is an effect known in domestic cats, where a pregnant female cat has a fever or is stressed, causing her unborn kittens'fur to develop a silver - type color ( silver - grey... | [
"gene contributors shared that characteristic",
"its parents are polar bears",
"mother bear has blue eyes",
"parents all have black fur"
] | A | |
medmcqa_3686 | medmcqa | <ctx>
gallbladder ( known as courvoisier's sign ) may also raise suspicion, and can help differentiate pancreatic cancer from gallstones. medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography ( ct scan ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) are used both to confirm the diagnosis and to help decide whether the tumor can ... | [
"Burkitt lymphoma",
"Marginal zone lymphoma",
"Follicular lymphoma",
"Mantle cell lymphoma"
] | B | Diagnosis: Marginal zone lymphoma, MALT lymphoma Marginal Zone Lymphoma is an indolent tumor develop due to chronic B cell stimulation either by H.pylori or Auto immune disorders Translocation (11:18) involved |
aquarat_21442 | aquarat | <ctx>
| | 30 | | 36 | | 32 | | 48 | | 20 | | 66 | | 32 | | 44 | | 24 | -! 70 | 70 | | 24 | | 72 | | 36 | | 40 | | 36 | | 60 | | 24 | | 78 | | 32 | -! 80 | 54 | | 40 | | 82 | | 24 | | 64 | | 42 | | 56 | | 40 | | 88 | | 24 | -! 90 | 72 | | 44 | | 60 | | 46 | | 72 | | 32 | | 96 | | 42 | | 60 | | 40 | } in the graph at rig... | [
"A)136*136",
"B)136*137",
"C)272",
"D)136"
] | C | The least common multiple of two numbers greater than 135 is 2(136) = 272, where the two distinct integers are 136 and 272.
The answer is C. |
medmcqa_6391 | medmcqa | <ctx>
mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini. second arch all of the pharyngeal muscles of the second pharyngeal arch are innervated by the facial nerve. these muscles include the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, the stylohyoid muscle, the auricular muscle and the stapedi... | [
"Lateral cricoarytenoid",
"Posterior cricoarytenoid",
"Transverse arytenoid",
"Inter arytenoids"
] | B | 1. Muscles which abduct the vocal cords: only posterior cricoarytenoids( safety muscles of larynx) 2. Muscles which adduct the vocal cords: * lateral cricoarytenoids * transverse aenoid * cricothyroid *thyroarytenoids 3. Muscles which tense the vocal cords: cricothyroid 4.muscles which relax the vocal cords: * thyroary... |
medmcqa_7496 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the toilet ", 7 people responded that they " experienced a defecation urge only " and another 7 that they " experienced a urination urge only ", while 4 people responded that they experienced " both a defecation and a urination urge ". the defecation urge that is experienced has been explained to have characteris... | [
"Bulb of penis",
"Ureter",
"Anorectal ring",
"Urogenital diaphragm"
] | B | During this procedure, areas which can be palpated are: the bulb of the penis, the urogeital diaphram-, the annorectal ring, and other nearby anatomical landmarks. However, structures like the ureter(the two tubes that run from each kidney to the urinary bladder), and the urethra (which, in a male, is divided into thre... |
medmcqa_9900 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##ed skin graft often continues to grow hair in the oral cavity. normal oral mucosa to better understand the challenges for building full - thickness engineered oral mucosa it is important to first understand the structure of normal oral mucosa. normal oral mucosa consists of two layers, the top stratified squamo... | [
"At beginning -Endodermal (whole tongue)",
"Any External opening lined by Surface Ectoderm - Ant.2/3 of tongue",
"At Sulcus Terminalis- Ectoderm and Endodermal junction",
"Posterior 1/3rd - Mesodermal"
] | D | Posterior 1/3 tongue is endodermal in origin . Tongue connective tissue and muscles- mesodermal in origin , connective tissue is derived from pharyngeal arches 1,2 and 3. |
medmcqa_5913 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diagnosis of lung cancer, computed tomography with special three - dimensional cad systems are established and considered as appropriate second opinions. at this a volumetric dataset with up to 3, 000 single images is prepared and analyzed. round lesions ( lung cancer, metastases and benign changes ) from 1 mm ar... | [
"Spontaneous pneumothorax",
"Myocardial infarction",
"Acute cor pulmonale",
"Aortic dissection"
] | A | Ans. A Spontaneous pneumothoraxRef: CMDT 2019 pg. 325Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs from a rupture of an apical pleural bleb and is associated with tall, young males and is also seen with aeroplane ascent. |
medmcqa_3445 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the risk of venous rupture and hemorrhage. cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the brain have a 2 – 4 % chance of rupture each year. however, many arteriovenous malformations go unnoticed and are asymptomatic throughout a person's lifetime. a germinal matrix hemorrhage is bleeding into the brain of premature ... | [
"Chronic malaria",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Leukemia",
"Chronic kala azar"
] | C | spontaneous splenic rupture, which remain widely accepted to date: Mechanical effect of distention secondary to leukemic infiltration of the spleen, paicularly the capsule; splenic infarct with capsular hemorrhage and subsequent rupture; Ref Davidson edition23rd pg812 |
medmcqa_5778 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, sometimes called a'cold steel procedure '. onychodystrophy is a deformation of the nails that can result from cancer chemotherapy which includes bleomycin, hydroxyurea, or 5 - fluorouracil. it can include discoloration of the nail, or dyschromia. onychogryposis, also called " ram's - horn nail ", is a thickenin... | [
"Amyloidosis",
"Sequestrum",
"Metastatic abnormality",
"Myositis ossificans"
] | D | Complications of chronic osteomyelitis
Following complications can occur : -
Acute exacerbation Growth abnormalities due to damage to adjacent growth plate: - Shortening, Deformities.
Pathological fracture
Joint stiffness
Sinus tract malignancy (very rare): - Squamous cell carcinoma
Amyloidosis |
aquarat_8 | aquarat | <ctx>
contestant is asked a question with multiple answers, and must give as many correct answers as possible over the course of the ride ( a total of 24 seconds in length ). the first correct answer is worth $ 50 ; each additional correct answer is worth $ 50 more than the previous one ( for example, giving 5 correct ... | [
"A)16",
"B)20.5",
"C)17.5",
"D)20"
] | B | Total entrance fee is (2*$5) + (1.20*5)= $16
Total rides fee is (0.50*3)*3= $4.50
Total money spent is $20.50
Answer is B |
openbookqa_1085 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##coding dispersed seeds to identify frugivore species ( from dna remains of the animal on the seed surface ). this has represented a major conceptual and methodological advance in the study of dispersal systems, and a key innovation with far - reaching consequences in future developments that link population gen... | [
"winds",
"dissent",
"flame",
"oaks"
] | D | |
qasc_3623 | qasc | <ctx>
is still debated. distortions to the earth's magnetic field cause the phenomenon aurora borealis, commonly called the northern lights. the magnetic field stores energy given by cosmic particles known as solar wind, which causes the magnetic field lines to expand. when the lines contract, they release this energy,... | [
"principals of aerodynamics",
"Physical weathering",
"floods",
"the tilt of the planet"
] | D | |
aquarat_21236 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 14597 = 40. 99862 | align = " right " | 40 | | 0. 89123 | | align = " right " | 41 | | 0. 90315 | - - - - - | 0. 95 | | 2. 44775 = 46. 76414 | align = " right " | 46 | | 0. 94825 | | align = " right " | 47 | | 0. 95477 | - - - - - | 0. 99 | 3. 03485 = 57. 98081 | align = " right " | 57 | 0. 99012 | align = " r... | [
"A)270",
"B)380",
"C)200",
"D)360"
] | C | Explanation:
40% = 40*4 = 160
50% = 50*4 = 200
Answer: Option C |
arc_challenge_1107 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
chalk streams are rivers that rise from springs in landscapes with chalk bedrock. since chalk is permeable, water percolates easily through the ground to the water table and chalk streams therefore receive little surface runoff. as a result, the water in the streams contains little organic matter and sediment and... | [
"The rocks and pebbles in riverbeds are not very old.",
"The rocks and pebbles rub against each other as water flows over them.",
"Rivers can only flow over smooth rocks and pebbles.",
"Organisms in the rivers break down the rocks and pebbles."
] | B | |
aquarat_39944 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 3 • time, velocity, and speed 45 figure 2. 11 position vs. time, velocity vs. time, and speed vs. time on a trip. note that the velocity for the return trip is negative. making connections : take - home investigation — getting a sense of speed if you have spent much time driving, you probably have a good sense... | [
"A)89.25 km/hr.",
"B)37.25 km/hr.",
"C)128.3 km/hr.",
"D)94.25 km/hr."
] | C | Let the speed of two bullet trains be 7x and 6x km/hr.
Then, 6x = (440/4) = 110
x = (110/6) = 18.33
Hence, speed of first bullet train = (7 x 18.33) km/hr = 128.3 km/hr.
C |
openbookqa_167 | openbookqa | <ctx>
a small solar panel. rapid laying - out and removal of multiple - strand temporary electric fencing over a large area may be done using a set of reels mounted on a tractor or all - terrain vehicle. for sheep, poultry, and other smaller animals, plastic electric netting may be mounted on insulating stakesthis is a... | [
"5 degrees celsius",
"42 degrees Fahrenheit",
"6 degrees Celsius",
"8 degrees Celsius"
] | A | |
aquarat_46835 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 3 time, velocity, and speed 8. give an example ( but not one from the text ) of a device used to measure time and identify what change in that device indicates a change in time. 9. there is a distinction between average speed and the magnitude of average velocity. give an example that illustrates the differenc... | [
"A)40",
"B)45",
"C)50",
"D)55"
] | C | The time is the distance/speed. The time difference is 1 hour.
550/V - 550/(V+5) = 1
550(V+5) - 550V = (V)(V+5)
2750 = (V)(V+5)
50*55 = (V)(V+5)
V = 50 mph
The answer is C. |
openbookqa_2874 | openbookqa | <ctx>
in signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density. the term is used, with this or similar meanings, in many scientific and technical disciplines, including physics, acoustical engineering, telecommunications, and stati... | [
"eating",
"bouncing a ball",
"nothing",
"bouncing off stuff"
] | D | |
aquarat_23157 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 3 • time, velocity, and speed 45 figure 2. 11 position vs. time, velocity vs. time, and speed vs. time on a trip. note that the velocity for the return trip is negative. making connections : take - home investigation — getting a sense of speed if you have spent much time driving, you probably have a good sense... | [
"A)40",
"B)50",
"C)51",
"D)79"
] | C | Speed of the train relative to man = 125/10 = 25/2 m/sec.
= 25/2 * 18/5 = 45 km/hr
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr. Then, relative speed = (x - 6) km/hr.
x - 6 = 45 => x = 51 km/hr.
Answer: Option C |
qasc_179 | qasc | <ctx>
28. 20 28. 21 length contraction length contraction is the shortening of the measured length of an object moving relative to the observer ’ s frame. 28. 22
reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics, defined as the reciprocal of length. co... | [
"Square Feet",
"Liters",
"feet",
"Inches"
] | D | |
mmlu_aux_2932 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
shenzhou 6 ( ) was the second human spaceflight of the chinese space program, launched on october 12, 2005, on a long march 2f rocket from the jiuquan satellite launch center. the shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of fei junlong ( ) and nie haisheng ( 海 ) for five days in low earth orbit. it launched three days ... | [
"This will be the third time for Chinese astronauts to have a space walk.",
"Three of the six astronauts chosen for the mission will walk in space",
"The space walk will be live broadcast on TV",
"Everything has been prepared except communication system"
] | C | null |
openbookqa_2706 | openbookqa | <ctx>
desperate, appears with a knife and tells nikkie that they should go to the mango tree to find juni. while at the apartment, nikkie's father feels that something has happened and that they should go back to the house. in the playground, tising orders nikkie to climb the tree to find juni and never go down unless ... | [
"turns into mistletoe",
"flies away",
"drops pine needles",
"falls down"
] | D | |
aquarat_10528 | aquarat | <ctx>
with children continue to save, for all but the most elderly. from age 80 or more and, also the single elderly of all ages, the dissaving patterns were evident. later evidence presented by horioka reinforces the life cycle hypothesis in japan. clara fernstrom researched whether there is any correlation between th... | [
"A)1%",
"B)4%",
"C)6%",
"D)8%"
] | A | 1990
Dick saved = $ 2725
Jane saved = $ 2475 (jane saved $25 less than she did the prior year)
Jane saved approximately $25/$2500 (1%) less in 1990
Answer: A |
mmlu_aux_4035 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
a hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. hybrid powertrains are designed to switch from one power source to another to maximize b... | [
"have large engines to deal with accelerating",
"have conventional brakes to slow down the car",
"have electric power to assist when needed",
"have no energy consumption when stopping"
] | C | null |
arc_easy_159 | arc_easy | <ctx>
top - carnivores ) the total amount of energy decreases. plants exert a “ bottom - up ” control on the energy structure of ecosystems by determining the total amount of energy that enters the system. however, predators can also influence the structure of lower trophic levels from the top - down. these influences ... | [
"the spread of disease",
"the availability of water",
"the recycling of nutrients",
"the distribution of organisms"
] | C | |
aquarat_23008 | aquarat | <ctx>
curve to come in slightly closer to the center or extend out farther. algorithm the objective of the algorithm is to approximate the curve using pixels ; in layman's terms every pixel should be approximately the same distance from the center. at each step, the path is extended by choosing the adjacent pixel which... | [
"A) 3",
"B) 2",
"C) 6",
"D) 12"
] | C | r must be greater than 4 and smaller than 8, hence r=5,6 or 7.
Answer C |
medmcqa_6847 | medmcqa | <ctx>
in time and independently. as only the combination of both non - coding and missense mutations give the desired and pronounced barring pattern, b0 alone is not present in modern sex - linked barred breeds anymore. molecular pattern formation in the feather follicle scientists were able to show that either both or... | [
"Increased melanin",
"Increased melanocytes",
"Increased melanosomes",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. B. Increased melanocytesSimple lentigo occurs due to an increase in melanocytes at dermal-epidermal junction.* Simple Lentigo also known as Lentigo simplex is a light- to dark-brown or black macule that does not fade away once it appears.* They usually appear during childhood and increase in number until the age o... |
mmlu_aux_2213 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, beland, s. l. & hellerstein, m. ( 2004 ). " changing odor hedonic perception through emotional associations in humans. " international journal of comparative psychology, 17, 315 – 339. herz, r. s., schankler, c. & beland, s. ( 2004 ). " olfaction, emotion and associative learning : effects on motivated behavior... | [
"The Sensitivity of Sensory Organs",
"The Functions and Connections of Sensory Organs",
"A Newborn's Sensory Organs",
"Different Senses Between Men and Woman"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_5632 | medmcqa | <ctx>
probability of one or more other natural hazards. for example, an earthquake may trigger landslides, whereas a wildfire may increase the probability of landslides being generated in the future. a detailed review of such interactions across 21 natural hazards identified 90 possible interactions, of varying likelih... | [
"Triage",
"Rehabilitation",
"Mass vaccination",
"Disaster response"
] | C | Disaster Management includes three aspects: 1. Disaster impact and response: Search, rescue, and first-aid * Field care * Triage * Tagging * Identification of the dead 2. Rehabilitation or recovery: * Water supply * Basic sanitation and personal hygiene * Food safety * Vector control 3. Mitigation: Measures designed ei... |
arc_easy_587 | arc_easy | <ctx>
in biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the dna sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. it is a characteristic that would not be observed naturally in a specimen. ... | [
"blood cell",
"nerve cell",
"brain cell",
"egg cell"
] | D | |
qasc_978 | qasc | <ctx>
the most essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus - - elements needed for plant growth. they also can gather soil particles from differing depths of soil and deposit them in other places, leading to the mixing of soil so it is richer with nutrients and other elements. vertebrates the soil is also ... | [
"bacteria",
"annelids",
"sharks",
"Exfoliation"
] | B | |
medmcqa_2290 | medmcqa | <ctx>
), the relation can be obtained. over a short section of the pipe, the gas flowing through the pipe can be assumed to be incompressible so that poiseuille law can be used locally, here we assumed the local pressure gradient is not too great to have any compressibility effects. though locally we ignored the effect... | [
"45 mL",
"90 mL",
"3.6 mL",
"135 mL"
] | A | Ans. b. 90 mL |
qasc_967 | qasc | <ctx>
converting the fusion energy to electrical energy.
inside a food can exceed that on its surface. this can also occur if the inner layer has a lower heat capacity than the outer layer causing it to reach a higher temperature, or even if the inner layer is more thermally conductive than the outer layer making it f... | [
"bread condenses",
"bread gets sweeter and crunchy",
"heat is produced",
"heat production"
] | B | |
arc_easy_286 | arc_easy | <ctx>
retrograde signaling in biology is the process where a signal travels backwards from a target source to its original source. for example, the nucleus of a cell is the original source for creating signaling proteins. during retrograde signaling, instead of signals leaving the nucleus, they are sent to the nucleus.... | [
"skin cells",
"nerve cells",
"blood cells",
"kidney cells"
] | B | |
medmcqa_5516 | medmcqa | <ctx>
ros present in the body. if in cardiac distress, an individual may induce excessive production, which may in turn lead to the pathogenesis of varying forms of tissue damage and cellular dysfunction in cardiac muscles. uncoupling of mitochondrial electron transport chain : the mitochondria is a contributor to the ... | [
"Chedickhigasi syndrome",
"Chronic granulomatous disease",
"Leucocyte adhesion defect type 1",
"Leucocyte adhesion defect type 2"
] | B | Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare, X-linked deficiency of NADPH oxidase activity which drastically impairs the ability of macrophages and neutrophils to destroy pathogens. Patients are especially vulnerable to mycobacteria, E coli, and staphylococcus since these organisms produces catalase to defend themselves ag... |
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