id
string
dataset
string
question
string
options
list
answer
string
explanation
string
aquarat_48147
aquarat
<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...
[ "A)6%", "B)6.5%", "C)7%", "D)7.5%" ]
A
Let the rate be R% p.a. (1+ R )2 = 1348.32. Then, 1200* (1+ (R/100))2 = 1348.32 (1+R/100)2 = 134832/120000 = 11236/10000 :. (1 + R/100) 2 = (106/100)2 1 + R/100 = 106/100. So R = 6% ANSWER:A
openbookqa_916
openbookqa
<ctx> the marine web of life, but also fundamentally contribute to the global biogeochemical cycle. continuing with the knowledge obtained by the hermes project ( ec fp6 ), which contributed significantly to our understanding of deep - sea ecosystems, the hermione project investigates ecosystems at critical sites on eu...
[ "The Sahara Desert", "off Australia's shore", "silicon valley", "Pacific Northwest" ]
B
openbookqa_900
openbookqa
<ctx> water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. in industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses. domestically, water is traditionally heated in...
[ "melts", "fries", "pools", "glows" ]
C
arc_easy_90
arc_easy
<ctx> the eocyte hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposes that the eukaryotes originated from a group of prokaryotes called eocytes ( later classified as thermoproteota, a group of archaea ). after his team at the university of california, los angeles discovered eocytes in 1984, james a. lake formulated the hypothes...
[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ]
A
aquarat_261
aquarat
<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...
[ "A)10%", "B)13%", "C)12%", "D)15%" ]
C
B.D. for 3/2 years = Rs. 558. B.D. for 2 years = Rs.(558 x 2/3 x 2) = Rs. 744 T.D. for 2 years = Rs. 600. Therefore, Sum = B.D. x T.D./B.D. - T.D = Rs. (744 x 600/144 )= Rs. 3100. Thus, Rs. 744 is S.I. on Rs. 3100 for 2 years. Therefore, Rate =(100 x 744/3100 x 2)% = 12% Answer is C
aquarat_25437
aquarat
<ctx> 2. 3 time, velocity, and speed 5. ( a ) calculate earth ’ s average speed relative to the sun. ( b ) what is its average velocity over a period of one year? 92 2 • problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 6. a helicopter blade spins at exactly 100 revolutions per minute. its tip is 5. 00 m from the c...
[ "A)20,180", "B)23,120", "C)26,140", "D)29,160" ]
D
8.1 * 3600 = 29,160 The answer is D.
mmlu_aux_4818
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> the balloon goes, however — balloons are at the mercy of the winds. the uncertainty over where we will end up is one of the reasons balloonists are attracted to the sport. in this project we use triple integrals to learn more about hot air balloons. we model the balloon in two pieces. the top of the balloon is mo...
[ "Inside the basket", "On top of the balloon", "Under the basket", "Inside the balloon" ]
A
null
pubmedqa_543
pubmedqa
<ctx> ##ly respond to a specific range of frequencies. these filtering characteristics may be affected by a variety of factors, including both ppd and ppf, as well as chemical neuromodulators. in particular, because synapses with low release probabilities are more likely to experience facilitation than depression, high...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
arc_easy_631
arc_easy
<ctx> a sound - powered telephone is a communication device that allows users to talk to each other with the use of a handset, similar to a conventional telephone, but without the use of external power. this technology has been used since at least 1944 for both routine and emergency communication on ships to allow comm...
[ "heat", "light", "electrical", "chemical" ]
C
medmcqa_2808
medmcqa
<ctx> would rather have their children stay inside the home because they fear that gang, drug violence, and other dangers might harm them. genetics childhood obesity is often the result of an interplay between many genetic and environmental factors. polymorphisms in various genes controlling appetite and metabolism pre...
[ "A. LH", "B. FSH", "C. TSH", "D. Ghrelin" ]
D
Ghrelin is a growth hormone secreatagogue and the only gut harmone with orexigenic propey It is primarily produced in the stomach. In children ,it's value is inversely related with body mass index and insulin values. robbins 8/e 441-2 9/e 444
openbookqa_2161
openbookqa
<ctx> proportion of virgin fibre for the sake of quality ; generally speaking, de - inked pulp is of the same quality or lower than the collected paper it was made from. there are three main classifications of recycled fibre : mill broke or internal mill waste – this incorporates any substandard or grade - change paper...
[ "build oceans", "build spaceships", "wipe grime", "build cars" ]
C
aquarat_15934
aquarat
<ctx> various local events to connect with the professional world. often, an industry professional will come to the ifsa network events and meet students. the purpose of those venues is to give students a taste of the professional world, share tips and knowledge, and give an opportunity to network. boston consulting gr...
[ "A)18", "B)28", "C)36", "D)84" ]
D
if team A wins one of the prizes, team B wins also one of the prizes". Consider following cases: A wins one of the prizes, then B must also win one of the prizes, and in this case we can have 4 triplets: {ABC}, {ABD}, {ABE}, {ABF}. Each triplet can be arranged in 3!=6 ways. Hence in the case when A wins one of the priz...
pubmedqa_164
pubmedqa
<ctx> de quebec, quebec city, qc iwk health centre, halifax, ns women's health program, eastern health, st. john's, nl saint john regional hospital, saint john, nb hopital sainte - justine, montreal, qc st. boniface general hospital, winnipeg, mb windsor regional hospital, windsor, on dr. everett chalmers regional hosp...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
aquarat_13257
aquarat
<ctx> this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33 of water. strategy b taking a ratio of new intensity to old intensity and using primes for the new quantities, we will find that it depends on the ratio of the areas. all other quantities will cancel. solution b 1. take t...
[ "A)2:0", "B)2:3", "C)3:5", "D)2:2" ]
C
By the rule of alligation: Cost of 1 kg rice of 1st kind Cost of 1 kg rice of 2nd kind Required ratio = 60 : 100 = 3 : 5 Answer: C
openbookqa_852
openbookqa
<ctx> - controlled engines, a clogged air filter has no effect on mpg but replacing it may improve acceleration by 6 - 11 percent. aerodynamics also aid in efficiency of a vehicle. the design of a car impacts the amount of gas needed to move it through air. aerodynamics involves the air around the car, which can affect...
[ "stay the same", "cause more windstorms", "increase", "decrease" ]
D
arc_easy_569
arc_easy
<ctx> " the book invites reactions far more scathing than [ it ]... might otherwise merit. " criticism of its science in paper 101, " the real nature of religion, " the authors write : we full well know that, while the historic facts and religious truths of this series of revelatory presentations will stand on the reco...
[ "The universe is expanding.", "The universe never changes.", "The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "The universe began at a single point and time." ]
B
aquarat_17062
aquarat
<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...
[ "A)7", "B)2", "C)9", "D)5" ]
B
1250 = D(100/4)2 D = 2 Answer: B
aquarat_48415
aquarat
<ctx> the investment vehicle that maximizes the profit. hence, conclusion : knowing the direction the market will go ( i. e. having perfect information ) is worth $ 350. discussion : if someone was selling information that guaranteed the accurate prediction of the future market direction, we would want to purchase this...
[ "A)1000", "B)2876", "C)1977", "D)2778" ]
A
90% 104% -------- 14% ---- 140 100% ---- ? => Rs.1000 Answer: A
medmcqa_6156
medmcqa
<ctx> and the most common symptom reported by women of all races is shortness of breath. other symptoms more commonly reported by women than men are extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, indigestion, and anxiety. however, some women do experience irregular heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, and nausea. burning, pain, or pr...
[ "SLE", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Osteoarthritis", "Cryoglobulinemia" ]
C
aquarat_24847
aquarat
<ctx> 300, 0 ) print ( " car 2's mpg is ", car _ 2 _ mpg ) car 1's mpg is 28. 0 gallons can't be 0 car 2's mpg is - 1 table 6. 1 calculating miles - per - gallon and checking for division by zero. concepts in practice multiple return statements 4. what does yarn _ weight ( 3 ) return? def yarn _ weight ( num ) : if num...
[ "A)20", "B)30", "C)35", "D)40" ]
A
Total = 75 books. 65% of books that were loaned out are returned --> 100%-65%=35% of books that were loaned out are NOT returned. Now, there are 68 books, thus 76-68=7 books are NOT returned. {loaned out}*0.35=7 --> {loaned out}=20. Answer: A.
medmcqa_8154
medmcqa
<ctx> ##is, but there is little good evidence to support this claim. traumatic rupture or detachment : the cartilage in the knee is frequently damaged but can be partially repaired through knee cartilage replacement therapy. often when athletes talk of damaged " cartilage " in their knee, they are referring to a damage...
[ "Chondromyxoid fibroma", "Osteosarcoma", "Bone cyst with fracture", "Osteitis Fibrosis cystica" ]
A
Chondromyxoid Fibroma Disease of adolescent Knee X-ray Sclerotic lesion around the coex in the tibia. . Small eccentric lytic lesion which lie parallel to the long axis of the bone. * Bone cyst with fracture will show a larger lesion and is mostly unilateral. * Osteitis Fibrosis cystica will present with multiple lesio...
aquarat_36989
aquarat
<ctx> 1. 20 m / s to the right. refer to figure 3. 43, which shows a boat trying to go straight across the river. let us calculate the magnitude and direction of the boat ’ s velocity relative to an observer on the shore,. the velocity of the boat,, is 0. 75 m / s in the - direction relative to the river and the veloci...
[ "A)120 hours", "B)240 hours", "C)160 hours", "D)480 hours" ]
A
Sol. Speed upstream = 2 kmph; Speed downstream = 14 kmph. ∴ total time taken = [210/2 + 210/2] hours = 120 hours. Answer A
aquarat_5190
aquarat
<ctx> ##5927, which was correct to seven decimal places. he also gave two other approximations of : π ≈ and π ≈, which are not as accurate as his decimal result. the latter fraction is the best possible rational approximation of using fewer than five decimal digits in the numerator and denominator. zu chongzhi's result...
[ "A)71 years", "B)72 years", "C)74 years", "D)77 years" ]
A
Explanation: Required sum = (80 - 3 x 3) years = (80 - 9) years = 71 years. Answer IS A
aquarat_26342
aquarat
<ctx> .................... exhibitions. fairs 560 - 571. 5.................................. farm economics. farm management. agricultural mathematics. including production standards, record keeping, farmwork rates, marketing 583 - 587. 73................................. agricultural chemistry. agricultural chemicals ...
[ "A)680rs", "B)540rs", "C)480rs", "D)640rs" ]
A
area of theplot = 110 * 65 = 7150 sq m area of the plot excluding the path = (110-5)* (65-5) = 6300 sq m area of the path = 7150 - 6300 =850 sq m cost of gravelling the path = 850 * 80/100 = 680 Rs Answer: A
qasc_7313
qasc
<ctx> a tiny hole at the top, which converts the liquid into gas that inside the lighter ’ s fuel compartment, the butane is compressed to a pressure that results in its condensation to the liquid state, as shown in figure 10. 4. figure 10. 4 gaseous butane is compressed within the storage compartment of a disposable ...
[ "nitrogen", "fire", "solid", "lipids" ]
C
openbookqa_958
openbookqa
<ctx> arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic, the region north of the arctic circle ( 66° 33 ’ n ). this region is characterized by two biomes : taiga ( or boreal forest ) and tundra. while the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a diversit...
[ "iguanas", "parka squirrels", "tiger sharks", "Burmese pythons" ]
B
openbookqa_2339
openbookqa
<ctx> waterways in general is known as surface hydrology. lakes a lake ( from latin lacus ) is a terrain feature, a body of water that is localized to the bottom of basin. a body of water is considered a lake when it is inland, is not part of an ocean, and is larger and deeper than a pond. natural lakes on earth are ge...
[ "tsunamis", "ripples", "typhoons", "earthquakes" ]
B
medmcqa_4861
medmcqa
<ctx> body where the micro - sensors are implanted. microtools for surgery bio - mems for surgical applications can improve existing functionality, add new capabilities for surgeons to develop new techniques and procedures, and improve surgical outcomes by lowering risk and providing real - time feedback during the ope...
[ "Infiltration anaesthesia", "Nerve block", "Field block", "Bier's block" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Infiltration anaesthesia Infiltration anaesthesiao It is the injection of local anaesthetic directly into tissue without taking into consideration the course of cutaneous nerve.o It can be so superficial as to include only the skin, it also can include deeper structureso It is used for minor surgeries...
aquarat_1554
aquarat
<ctx> 3. 4 • other units for solution concentrations 145 this mass of hcl is consistent with our rough estimate of approximately 200 g. check your learning what volume of concentrated hcl solution contains 125 g of hcl? answer : 282 ml volume percentage liquid volumes over a wide range of magnitudes are conveniently me...
[ "A)32.5%", "B)40%", "C)60%", "D)65%" ]
C
let mixture after mixing A and B is 110 ml (number assumed for calculation because of 5:6) now solution A is 50 ml and solu B is 60 ml further in A 100 ml A contains 84 ml alch so 50 ml contain 42 ml in mix B 100 ml solution contain 40 ml alc , 60 ml of B , it will be 24 ml alcohol. so 42+24 = 66 in 110 ml solution whi...
mmlu_aux_7143
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> . 28 the greenhouse effect is a name given to the trapping of energy in the earth ’ s atmosphere by a process similar to that used in greenhouses. the atmosphere, like window glass, is transparent to incoming visible radiation and most of the sun ’ s infrared. these wavelengths are absorbed by the earth and re - ...
[ "windows allow in extra sunlight", "carbon heats up inside", "air retains humidity and warmth", "gasses are trapped in buildings" ]
C
null
openbookqa_2425
openbookqa
<ctx> water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. in industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses. domestically, water is traditionally heated in...
[ "go rock climbing", "have cold drinks", "cleanse your hands", "go running" ]
C
mmlu_aux_4683
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> from hay fever. many plants produce toxins to protect themselves from herbivores. major classes of plant toxins include alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics. these can be harmful to humans and livestock by ingestion or, as with poison ivy, by contact. some plants have negative effects on other plants, preventing ...
[ "plant", "animal", "food", "meat" ]
A
null
medmcqa_1963
medmcqa
<ctx> been present for a long time. eczema often starts on the cheeks and outer limbs and body in infants and frequently settles in the folds of the skin such as behind the knees, folds of the elbows, around the neck, wrists and under the buttock folds as the child grows. any part of the body can be affected by ad. ad ...
[ "Otomycosis", "Hematoma", "Otosclerosis", "None of the above" ]
B
A patient with an auricular hematoma usually presents with an edematous, fluctuant, and ecchymotic pinna, with loss of the normal cailaginous landmarks. Failure to evacuate the hematoma may lead to cailage necrosis and permanent disfigurement known as "cauliflower ear."
qasc_6475
qasc
<ctx> mammary basic structure, but also serve as a communicating bridge between mammary epithelia and their local and global environment throughout this organ's development. histology a mammary gland is a specific type of apocrine gland specialized for manufacture of colostrum when giving birth. mammary glands can be i...
[ "heat or cold", "Pituitary", "complex", "positive" ]
B
qasc_2661
qasc
<ctx> themselves and their own people, animals, and goods at their own discretion. vehicles used are typically smaller, though publicly owned infrastructure is often used for travel. function relocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. however, other uses exist, such as the strategic and ta...
[ "jets", "wind", "motors", "the Moon" ]
A
qasc_5379
qasc
<ctx> suggest that the volcano may still be erupting underwater. a 2022 study in the journal ocean engineering by heidarzadeh and others determined the size of the initial tsunami caused by the eruption. the study analyzed data from 22 tide gauges, eight deep - ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis ( dart ) statio...
[ "evaporation", "Condensation", "Generating heat", "electrostatic" ]
D
mmlu_aux_2003
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> years ). this suggests that individual use of temperature is a cue that allows for population - level adaptation to climate change. in other words, in a warming world, many migratory birds are predicted to depart earlier in the year for their summer or winter destination. in polygynous species with considerable s...
[ "They help the birds learn how to survive in Wisconsin's winter.", "They fly together with a group of birds that are the same gender.", "They show the birds how to fly to Florida in their first winter.", "They provide food for the cranes on their journey south." ]
C
null
medmcqa_8782
medmcqa
<ctx> misery of their inferiors, and the regret and indignation which they feel for the misfortunes and sufferings of those above them, would be apt to imagine, that pain must be more agonizing, and the convulsions of death more terrible to persons of higher rank, than to those of meaner stations. upon this disposition...
[ "Catatonic schizophrenia", "Paranoid schizophrenia", "Simple schizophrenia", "Disorganized schizophrenia" ]
B
Ans. Paranoid schizophrenia
openbookqa_1775
openbookqa
<ctx> , the pheromones are produced by either the male or the female and detected by members of the opposite sex with their antennae. in many species, a gland between the eighth and ninth segments under the abdomen in the female produces the pheromones. communication can also occur through stridulation, or producing so...
[ "falling down", "making memories", "flicking a lighter", "sleeping quietly" ]
C
aquarat_154
aquarat
<ctx> < 2465 * 5 x = 4 98 56 y = ( 2460 + x ) * x = 2464 * 4 = 9856 00 00 algorithm terminates : answer = 12. 34 binary numeral system ( base 2 ) this section uses the formalism from the digit - by - digit calculation section above, with the slight variation that we let, with each or. we iterate all, from down to, and ...
[ "A)14", "B)20", "C)26", "D)28" ]
A
Let the number be x. Then, 15x - x = 196 <=> 14x = 196 <=> x = 14. Answer :A
openbookqa_247
openbookqa
<ctx> hindered by much higher cost, confining it mostly to smaller - size bulbs. krypton mixed with xenon, where xenon improves the gas properties further due to its higher atomic weight. its use is however limited by its very high cost. the improvements by using xenon are modest in comparison to its cost. hydrogen, in...
[ "emit illumination", "emit radiation", "convert mechanical energy", "convert chemical energy" ]
A
aquarat_37814
aquarat
<ctx> enables a symmetry grouping, as in the hasse diagram of the square pyramid : if vertices b, c, d, and e are considered symmetrically equivalent within the abstract polytope, then edges f, g, h, and j will be grouped together, and also edges k, l, m, and n, and finally also the triangles p, q, r, and s. thus the c...
[ "A)3: 8", "B)3: 6", "C)3: 7", "D)11: 1" ]
D
d = 11d d = d a√2 = 11d a√2 = d a = 11d/√2 a = d/√2 => 11: 1 Answer:D
qasc_3075
qasc
<ctx> support and distribution network for leaves and are correlated with leaf shape. for instance, the parallel venation found in most monocots correlates with their elongated leaf shape and wide leaf base, while reticulate venation is seen in simple entire leaves, while digitate leaves typically have venation in whic...
[ "shrub beds", "allow growth", "within and around", "epidermal" ]
C
arc_challenge_21
arc_challenge
<ctx> tailor catheters for cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular, and ophthalmic applications. celiac disease – another way of spelling coeliac disease cell biology – also called cytology, is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, which is the basic unit of life. ...
[ "sensory neurons", "interneurons", "motor neurons", "mechanoreceptor neurons" ]
C
qasc_6314
qasc
<ctx> strongest influence on how humans'reaching adaptations are vision and proprioception. typically, proprioception has more weight than vision for adapting hand position in depth – the direction moving toward or away from the person reaching – and vision has more weight in the vertical and horizontal directions. how...
[ "ear canal", "colors of the spectrum", "movement of tectonic plates", "inner ear problems" ]
D
mmlu_aux_4126
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> real time via satellite images. collection of scientific data continues to drive douglas - hamilton's work with save the elephants, both with the aerial surveys that he pioneered early in his career, and increasingly with modern technology including tracking collared elephants by gps and satellites. save the elep...
[ "Douglas-Hamilton's winning the Indianapolis Prize.", "Douglas-Hamilton's devotion to protecting elephants.", "Douglas-Hamilton's research into African animals.", "Douglas-Hamilton's fight for a mobile national park." ]
B
null
openbookqa_78
openbookqa
<ctx> dockage contained can be calculated. the cleaned corn is then analyzed for its composition using an nir spectrometer. the compositional analysis of yellow dent corn carried out at the center for crops utilization research, iowa state university, is recorded in the table below. steeping in this process, the corn i...
[ "be grown in arctic environments", "be used as kindling", "fuel a steam locomotive", "fuel an economy car" ]
D
openbookqa_1799
openbookqa
<ctx> . lcd displays and some other complex cooking routines are some of the standard features present in most of the basic and high - end manufacturing models. some of the other programmable controls include precise pre - heating, automatic pizza, cook timers and others. safety factors modern gas stove ranges are safe...
[ "you will feel cool", "you will be chilled", "your nervousness will disappear", "your nerves will make you aware" ]
D
mmlu_aux_1625
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##aila, u. r., and others ( 2011 ). high value and long life — double jeopardy for tunas and billfishes. science, 333, 291 – 292. books and book contributions edited sumaila, u. r. ( 2013 ). game theory and fisheries : essays on the tragedy of free for all fishing. routledge, london, uk, p. 178. noone, k. j., sum...
[ "management efficiency", "biomass level", "catch-size limits", "technological application." ]
B
null
medmcqa_8590
medmcqa
<ctx> ##physical union fall meeting to report on their work characterizing the ergs of valles marineris using moderate - to high - resolution themis, ctx, and hirise data. among other results, the authors asserted that the highest concentrations of dunes within valles marineris — including the largest non - polar erg o...
[ "Benign", "Malignant", "Reactive process", "Precancerous" ]
A
ANSWER: (A) BenignREF: Textbook of Surgery by Roshan Lai Gupta 2nd ed Page 471EPULISEpulis represents a family of benign tumors of gingiva. The classification includes:Granulomatous epulis, pyogenic granulomaGiant cell epulis (Myeloid epulis)Fibrous epulis (Most common)
openbookqa_2810
openbookqa
<ctx> north, causing damage in 26 american states as well as in canada and leading to more than 300 deaths. hailstorms hail is precipitation in the form of ice that does not melt before it hits the ground. hailstorms are produced by thunderstorms. hailstones usually measure between in diameter. these can damage the loc...
[ "wind", "icing", "hard h2o", "frosting" ]
C
medmcqa_516
medmcqa
<ctx> , there are several systematic methods to estimate that probability. such methods are usually based on previously having performed the test on a reference group in which the presence or absence on the condition is known ( or at least estimated by another test that is considered highly accurate, such as by " gold ...
[ "FTA-ABS", "VDRL", "PCR", "Culture and sensitivity" ]
A
rpt qun
medmcqa_4290
medmcqa
<ctx> ##mia during anticipation and receipt of reward, although this finding is extremely inconsistent. these abnormalities may be related to circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar, including increased sleep latency, evening preference and poor sleep quality, as the neural systems responsible for both processes are fu...
[ "Carbamazepine", "Vigabatrin", "Sodium valproate", "Lamotrigine" ]
B
BIPOLAR DISORDER Drug of choice for bipolar disorder is lithium. Alternatives to lithium are some antiepileptics (carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate), antipsychotics (olanzapine, aripiprazole, haloperidol) and benzodiazepines. Carbamazepine and valproate are useful in manic depressive psychosis (bipolar ...
medmcqa_4005
medmcqa
<ctx> beryllium sensitivity and granulomatous inflammation on lung biopsy. given the invasive nature of a lung biopsy, diagnosis can also be based on clinical history consistent with berylliosis, abnormal chest x - ray or ct scan findings, and abnormalities in pulmonary function tests. establishing beryllium sensitivit...
[ "Bronchial carcinoid", "Adenocarcinoma of the lung", "Small cell carcinoma of the lung", "Lung abscess" ]
C
Hyponatremia in association with a lung mass usually indicates small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production by the tumor. About 10% of lung cancers present with a paraneoplastic syndrome. Tumors producing ADH or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are overwhelmingly SCLCs, which...
arc_easy_174
arc_easy
<ctx> earth ’ s surface, a high tide is created on the side of earth nearest to the moon, where the moon ’ s gravitational pull is strongest. why is there also a high tide on the opposite side of earth? the answer is that earth is pulled toward the moon more than the water on the far side, because earth is closer to th...
[ "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon", "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars" ]
A
arc_easy_609
arc_easy
<ctx> ##s are classified into three main ecophysiological categories : ( 1 ) leaf litter - or compost - dwelling worms that are nonburrowing, live at the soil - litter interface and eat decomposing organic matter ( epigeic ) e. g. eisenia fetida ; ( 2 ) topsoil - or subsoil - dwelling worms that feed ( on soil ), burro...
[ "They are invertebrates.", "They have radial symmetry.", "They are made of one segment.", "They have an open circulatory system." ]
A
qasc_807
qasc
<ctx> . growing from 398 to 406 prisoners per 100, 000 male adult population. among the imprisoned population of australia, there is a vast over - representation of aboriginal and torres strait islander peoples, accounting for just over a quarter ( 27 % ) of the australian prisoner population. this is despite only acco...
[ "Air", "ocean", "water", "bears" ]
C
arc_easy_103
arc_easy
<ctx> the international astronomical union ( iau ) defined in august 2006 that, in the solar system, a planet is a celestial body that : is in orbit around the sun, has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium ( a nearly round shape ), and has " cleared the neighbourhood " around its orbit. a non - satellite b...
[ "Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ]
B
aquarat_34260
aquarat
<ctx> and literature and french language translation post graduate level : french language and literature, french language translation, persian language and literature, arabic language and literature, english language teaching, english language translation, german language teaching, ancient culture and languages and li...
[ "A)8", "B)12", "C)20", "D)24" ]
B
If all the tables seated 4, the number of customers could be 4*40 = 160. 212-160 = 52, so 52/2 = 26 tables must be tables seating 6 people. The number of tables seating 4 people is 40-26 = 14. The number of new tables is 26-14 = 12 more than the number of old tables. The answer is B.
aquarat_19823
aquarat
<ctx> and bob. at the very start of the game, alice and bob are separated. after they are separated, communication between them is not possible. the game requires that alice fill in one row, and bob one column, of a 3×3 table with plus and minus signs. before the game begins, alice does not know which row of the table ...
[ "A)can give C 1 points", "B)can give C 4 points", "C)can give C 2 points", "D)can give C 6 points" ]
B
A: B = 60 : 50, A : C = 60 : 45. B/C = ( B/ A * A/C) = (50 / 60 * 60 / 45) = 10/9 = 40 /36 Therefore ,In a game of 40, B can give C 4 points. Answer is B.
aquarat_6973
aquarat
<ctx> hours total flight time ( 2, 382 of them on the airbus a300 ) and first officer jiang der - sheng, 44, joined china airlines in 1996, and had 3, 550 hours total flight time ( 304 of them on the airbus a300 ). both pilots were formerly with the republic of china air force. the flight consisted of 175 taiwanese nat...
[ "A)1 hr", "B)3 hr", "C)2 hr", "D)6 hr" ]
A
A 1 hr Let the duration of the flight be x hours. Then, 600/x - 600/(x + 1/2) = 200 x(2x + 1) = 3 2x2 + x - 3 = 0 (2x + 3)(x - 1) = 0 x = 1 hr
qasc_2649
qasc
<ctx> but overall, species prevails and stasis is upheld. fourth level : regional disturbances. where changes are too rapid for habitat tracking, the third pattern of life occurs. at this threshold, extinction and speciation is triggered on a large scale across unrelated species. fifth level : global disturbances. esse...
[ "seasons", "eras", "scale", "Earth" ]
B
aquarat_40958
aquarat
<ctx> and so the third derivative of purchasing power is positive. nixon's statement allowed for the rate of inflation to increase, however, so his statement was not as indicative of stable prices as it sounds. see also aberrancy ( geometry ) derivative ( mathematics ) second derivative references differential calculus...
[ "A)3(y – x)/2", "B)5(y – x)/2", "C)(y – x)/5", "D)(y – x)/2" ]
D
To solve, we will set up two equations. Let's start by defining two variables. A = number of dollars Sharma has B= number of dollars Jadeja has We are given that Jadeja has x dollars more than Sharma. We set up an equation: B= x + A We are next given that together they have a total of y dollars. We can set up our secon...
openbookqa_209
openbookqa
<ctx> ##ble storm of fire became harder every second. i could feel myself getting weaker every second i saw ridicule, contempt, disgrace and a lifetime dream gone up in smoke. i saw the agonised faces, yelling, holding out stretched hands as if they would like to get hold of or assist me somehow. " the half - mile pass...
[ "exposed to extreme heat", "frozen in an ice storm", "crashed into a helicopter", "melted by molten lava" ]
A
arc_easy_1008
arc_easy
<ctx> atmospheric optics is " the study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes.... [ including ] temporal and spatial resolutions beyond those discernible with the naked eye ". meteorological optics is " that part of atmospheric optics concerned with the study of patterns ...
[ "north", "south", "east", "west" ]
D
aquarat_9373
aquarat
<ctx> < 2465 * 5 x = 4 98 56 y = ( 2460 + x ) * x = 2464 * 4 = 9856 00 00 algorithm terminates : answer = 12. 34 binary numeral system ( base 2 ) this section uses the formalism from the digit - by - digit calculation section above, with the slight variation that we let, with each or. we iterate all, from down to, and ...
[ "A)12", "B)10", "C)2", "D)1" ]
A
(5!)^2 -(4!)^2=2^a3^b13^c = [5^2*(4!)^2]-(4!)^2 =[25*(4!)^2]-(4!)^2=24*(4!)^2 = 24*(24^2)=24^3 =[2^3*3]^3=2^9*3^3 so a=9 b=3 c=0 hence a+b+c=9+3+0=12 answer=A
medmcqa_2331
medmcqa
<ctx> background and automatically analyzing medical imaging data, identifying urgent findings, and sparing radiologists from " drowning " in vast amounts of irrelevant data. aidoc's solutions cover medical conditions prevalent in all settings ( ed / inpatient / outpatient ), including level 1 trauma centers, outpatien...
[ "Plain skiagram", "Perfusion", "Electrocardiography", "Angiography" ]
D
Ans. D i.e. Angiography Pulmonary angiography has been now replaced by CT and MR angiography
openbookqa_1579
openbookqa
<ctx> environmental geology has been used to approach this issue with the sustainable development of recycling and reusing. recycling is the process of collecting recyclable consumer and industrial materials and products and then sorting them so they can be processed into raw materials with the intention of then using ...
[ "top layer of earth", "core of the earth", "bottom layer of earth", "middle layer of earth" ]
A
medmcqa_321
medmcqa
<ctx> the jaccard index, also known as the jaccard similarity coefficient, is a statistic used for gauging the similarity and diversity of sample sets. it was developed by grove karl gilbert in 1884 as his ratio of verification ( v ) and now is frequently referred to as the critical success index in meteorology. it was...
[ "Round worm", "Hook worm", "Pin worm", "Tape worm" ]
B
Ans. B: Hook worm Morbidity and moality from hookworm infection depend much on the worm load. Chandler worked out an index on the basis of an average number of hookworm eggs per gram of feces for the entire community, Chandler's index is still used in epidemiological studies of hookworm disease. By this index, worm loa...
medmcqa_5909
medmcqa
<ctx> provinces ( e. g., who definition by birth at ≥28 weeks versus birth at ≥20 weeks or ≥500g ). furthermore, what constitutes reduced biological growth potential is variably defined, ranging from birth weight < 2500g, to birth weight < 3rd percentile for gestational age and gender. with future convergence in mind, ...
[ "8 mm", "2.5 mm", "9 mm", "5 mm" ]
B
Crown rump length(CRL) is measured from the top of the head to the bottom of buttocks excluding limbs.CRL between 9 and 11 weeks is the most accurate method of dating.Error is about +/- 5 days.CRL in cm +6.5 gives a rough estimate of gestational age in weeks.Uesful prior to amniocentesis and chorion sampling and to con...
arc_challenge_1037
arc_challenge
<ctx> . 1988. bacterial and bacteriophage genetics : an introduction. springer - verlag, new york. oclc 17838673, hobom, g., and r. rott, eds. 1988. the molecular biology of bacterial virus systems. current topics in microbiology and immunology, volume 136. springer - verlag, berlin. oclc 18590320, jacob, f. 1988. the ...
[ "cell wall", "nucleic acid", "ribosome", "capsid" ]
B
medmcqa_5700
medmcqa
<ctx> anticoagulant when a blood sample is drawn for laboratory tests because it removes the calcium as a precipitate of cac2o4 · h2o. it is necessary to remove all but 1. 0 % of the ca2 + in serum in order to prevent coagulation. if normal blood serum with a buffered ph of 7. 40 contains 9. 5 mg of ca2 + per 100 ml of...
[ "Fibrinogen", "Cerruloplasmin", "Albumin", "Globulin" ]
A
Serum has essentially the same composition as plasma, except that its fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, and VIII (Table 32-5). (Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology 23rd Edition page no.530)
mmlu_aux_3868
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> about 30 % larger than a similarly sized domestic dog, potentially derivative of different needs in their respective way of life. dietary trends of the animals demonstrating the highest eq's ( see associated table ), many are primarily frugivores, including apes, macaques, and proboscideans. this dietary categori...
[ "Pheasants have the smallest brains of all birds.", "Crows and parrots have the largest brains in all animals.", "A pig's brain is bigger than a cock, so it must be cleverer than the cock.", "The discovery is now only certain about and mainly limited to birds." ]
D
null
medmcqa_9225
medmcqa
<ctx> to treat haemodialysis - associated amyloidosis ( dra ) developed and produced by kaneka corporation. the lixelle column system is used for helping patient to eliminate agents that cause inflammation. the system is used in treatment of hiv, arthritis, cholesterol management and ulcerative colitis. see also modacr...
[ "Ultraviolet light", "Cholestyramine", "Eskazine", "Topical benzocaine" ]
A
A. i.e. Ultraviolet light
openbookqa_2672
openbookqa
<ctx> without breaking. a steel needle carefully placed on water will float. some insects, like the one shown in figure 10. 17, even though they are denser than water, move on its surface because they are supported by the surface tension. surface tensions of common substances at 25 °c substance formula surface tension ...
[ "a panda", "a bamboo stalk", "a raccoon", "a dog" ]
B
qasc_228
qasc
<ctx> rendered harmless or considerably less harmful if the cigarette is equipped with a charcoal filter. the only other brand in the united states at the time with a charcoal filter was tareyton, whose filter had a different structure from lark and was deemed to be less effective. hawthorne publishing, however, took t...
[ "people", "consumers", "athletes", "health" ]
C
mmlu_aux_2069
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> the apollo command and service module ( csm ) atop the smaller saturn ib, each delivered a three - astronaut crew. on the last two crewed missions, an additional apollo / saturn ib stood by ready to rescue the crew in orbit if it was needed. mir ( ussr / russia, 1986 – 2001 ) mir was the first modular space stati...
[ "work for longer missions in space", "connect with people on the Earth", "spend their free time in space", "observe the Earth from space" ]
C
null
arc_challenge_947
arc_challenge
<ctx> mercury is a chemical element with the symbol hg and atomic number 80. it is also known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ) from the greek words ( water ) and ( silver ). a heavy, silvery d - block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature a...
[ "move closer together and have less kinetic energy.", "move closer together and have more kinetic energy.", "move farther apart and have less kinetic energy.", "move farther apart and have more kinetic energy." ]
A
aquarat_41019
aquarat
<ctx> . if it is not, then continue to the next word in the list and repeat the process. the first task is to identify a metric for representing the size of the problem. typically, time complexity analysis assumes asymptotic analysis, focusing on evaluating the time that an algorithm takes to produce a result as the si...
[ "A)270", "B)150", "C)130", "D)90" ]
A
Let x be the total number of pages in the book, then she finished 2/3*x pages. Then she has x−2/3*x=1/3*x pages left. 2/3*x−1/3*x=90 1/3*x=90 x=270 So the book is 270 pages long. Answer is A.
aquarat_35547
aquarat
<ctx> the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ...
[ "A)50 kmph", "B)60 kmph", "C)75 kmph", "D)85 kmph" ]
B
Explanation: S = (90 + 30)/2 = 60 kmph B)
medmcqa_9367
medmcqa
<ctx> diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) globally. the triad of protein leaking into the urine (...
[ "Trauma", "Trauma", "Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis.", "Interstitial nephritis" ]
C
Answer is C (Vesicouretrial reflux induced pyelonephritis): Renal scarring is most commonly a result of chronic pyogenic infection of the kidney or chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis occurs only in patients with major anatomic abnormalities, such as obstructive uropathy, struvite calculi, or, most commonly,...
mmlu_aux_2341
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> pollutants near highways may be higher due to increased traffic volumes. therefore, the risk of exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants from a highway may be considerable, and further magnified when highways have traffic congestion. new highways can also cause habitat fragmentation, encourage urban sprawl a...
[ "an underground path for cars", "a pass for animals to cross the road", "a bridge for animals to get over a river", "a fence built for the safety of the area" ]
B
null
medmcqa_3509
medmcqa
<ctx> , the archetypal member of a large family of water channel proteins. aquaporins are " the plumbing system for cells, " said agre. every cell is primarily water. " but the water doesn't just sit in the cell, it moves through it in a very organized way. the process occurs rapidly in tissues that have these aquapori...
[ "Collecting ducts", "DCT", "Ascending pa of loop of Henley", "Descending pa of loop of Henley" ]
A
A i.e. Collecting DuctOsmolality of urine depends on the action of vasopressin on the collecting ductsQ. Alteration in water metabolism by vasopressinUrine isotonic to plasmaGFR (ml/min)% of filteredwaterreabsorbedUrine volume(L/d)Urine concentration(mosm /kg H20)Gain /Loss of water inexcess of solute (L/d)12598.72.429...
medmcqa_3334
medmcqa
<ctx> motor control is the regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system. motor control includes reflexes as well as directed movement. to control movement, the nervous system must integrate multimodal sensory information ( both from the external world as well as proprioception ) and elicit the nece...
[ "Radial nerve", "Median nerve", "Ulnar nerve", "Axillary nerve" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ulnar nerve * Ulnar nerve is also known as musicians nerve as it is needed to carry out fine and precision movements of the hand.
mmlu_aux_3844
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> desert dunes. barchan dunes are formed as winds continuously blow in the same direction, and are characterized by a crescent - shape atop the dune. seif dunes are long and narrow, featuring a sharp crest, and are more common in the sahara desert. analysis of geological features in desert environments can reveal a...
[ "rarely ruin trees", "drink only every 3-4 days", "search for food in large groups", "protect food sources for their young" ]
A
null
openbookqa_1832
openbookqa
<ctx> ignition is lightning, though some fires may begin through other sources of ignition ( such as volcanic activity ). anthropogenic ignition : humans cause fires both intentionally and unintentionally. atmospheric conditions - weather conditions can determine whether an area is conducive to fire : hot, dry and / or...
[ "animal groups in decline", "animal populations growing larger", "more birds moving in", "larger deer starting families" ]
A
arc_easy_330
arc_easy
<ctx> fluid then flows back to the hot end of the pipe. in the case of vertically oriented heat pipes the fluid may be moved by the force of gravity. in the case of heat pipes containing wicks, the fluid is returned by capillary action. when making heat pipes, there is no need to create a vacuum in the pipe. one simply...
[ "50°C", "90°C", "100°C", "212°C" ]
C
openbookqa_3017
openbookqa
<ctx> a breathing apparatus or breathing set is equipment which allows a person to breathe in a hostile environment where breathing would otherwise be impossible, difficult, harmful, or hazardous, or assists a person to breathe. a respirator, medical ventilator, or resuscitator may also be considered to be breathing ap...
[ "a basketball", "a rope", "a saw", "a zebra" ]
D
openbookqa_1798
openbookqa
<ctx> milky way " of which " at least 500 million " are in the habitable zone. in analyzing which environments are likely to support life, a distinction is usually made between simple, unicellular organisms such as bacteria and archaea and complex metazoans ( animals ). unicellularity necessarily precedes multicellular...
[ "moons", "suns", "orbits", "environments" ]
D
aquarat_31890
aquarat
<ctx> has been conjectured to be the best possible more generally, but this remains unproven. the perimeter - halving lower bound of 2 for the square, already proven by jones, can be improved slightly, to, for any barrier that consists of at most countably many rectifiable curves, improving similar previous bounds that...
[ "A)55", "B)56", "C)57", "D)52" ]
D
Solution Perimeter of the plot = 2(90 + 40) = 260 m. ∴ Number of poles = [260/5] =52m Answer D
arc_easy_672
arc_easy
<ctx> room, heat transfer from the gas to the room air - side heat recovery system. the shallower depth of the heat exchange matrix, as compared to a plate heat exchanger, means that the pressure drop through the device is normally lower in comparison. generally, a thermal wheel will be selected for face velocities be...
[ "expand and fall.", "expand and rise.", "condense and fall.", "condense and rise." ]
B
medmcqa_8554
medmcqa
<ctx> initially created for epilepsy, to explain why weaker and weaker electrical stimulation was necessary to elicit a seizure as the disease progressed. while parallels have been drawn between bipolar disorder and epilepsy, supporting the kindling hypothesis, this model is generally not supported by studies directly ...
[ "Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation", "Locked in state", "Respiratory arrest", "Ipsilateral hemiplegia" ]
C
Foraminal brain herniation leads to compression of the medulla leading to respiratory arrest. Third nerve palsy causing ipsilateral pupillary dilatation and ipsilateral hemiplegia occurs in uncal (midbrain) herniation Locked in state occurs due to a lesion of ventral pons.
qasc_3791
qasc
<ctx> - gatherers'strategies in the past have been very diverse and contingent upon the local environmental conditions, like those of mixed farmers. foraging strategies have included hunting or trapping big game and smaller animals, fishing, collecting shellfish or insects, and gathering wild - plant foods such as frui...
[ "hibernation", "breathing", "Glucose", "planting" ]
B
qasc_7838
qasc
<ctx> c4h10, used in camping stoves and lighters is an alkane. gasoline is a liquid mixture of continuous - and branched - chain alkanes, each containing from five to nine carbon atoms, plus various additives to improve its performance as a fuel. kerosene, diesel oil, and fuel oil are primarily mixtures of alkanes with...
[ "A mixture of water and heat", "Dead organisms", "burning", "one celled organisms" ]
B
aquarat_21942
aquarat
<ctx> ) ; printf ( " % 3d % 4d % 3d % 3d % 4d % 3d % 3d \ n ", i, x, a, b, x, a, b ) ; if ( x = = x ) break ; } return 0 ; } the results are as follows ( edited ) : i x a b x a b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 0 10 1 1 2 10 1 1 100 2 2 3 20 2 1 1000 3 3 4 100 2 2 425 8 6 5 200 3 2 436...
[ "A)b only", "B)c only", "C)a only", "D)a, c only" ]
C
a is the correct answer. Answer : C
medmcqa_1604
medmcqa
<ctx> and shown to have the capacity of inhibiting the function of motor nerves and thus the contraction of the musculature in a manner similar to that of curare. additionally, through chronic tea administration, muscular atrophy would be induced. it was later determined that tea functions in - vivo primarily through i...
[ "Docusate", "Anthraquinone", "Lubiprostone", "Bisacodyl" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lubiprostone o Lubiprostone is used for chronic constipation, it acts by - o Stimulating Cl- channel opening in the intestine. Increasing liquid secretion in gut. Decreasing transit time.
aquarat_16099
aquarat
<ctx> the third member must have the digit two at the position of the least significant digit where and differ. the illustration shows a set of this form, for the three - digit ternary numbers ( shifted by one to make the smallest element 1 instead of 0 ). behrend's construction uses a similar idea, for a larger odd ra...
[ "A)18", "B)28", "C)38", "D)68" ]
A
total 2 digit no. = 9*10* = 90 not containing 3 = 8*9 = 72 total 2 digit number contain 3 = 90 - 72 = 18 ANSWER:A
aquarat_44575
aquarat
<ctx> . 86 3. 87 3. 88 3. 89 3. 90 3. 91 3. 92 8. 79 8. 80 8. 81 8. 82 3. 3 • measures of position 117 example 3. 10 problem the following ordered dataset represents the scores of 15 employees on an aptitude test : 51, 63, 65, 68, 71, 75, 75, 77, 79, 82, 88, 89, 89, 92, 95 determine the percentile for the employee wh...
[ "A)80", "B)93.5", "C)92", "D)98" ]
B
Ordering the data from least to greatest, we get: 87, 88, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98,108 The median quiz score was 93.5 (Four quiz scores were higher than 93.5 and four were lower.) B
arc_easy_606
arc_easy
<ctx> visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision ( daytime vision ), color vision, scotopic vision ( night vision ), and mesopic vision ( twilight vision ), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. this is different from visual a...
[ "retina.", "pupil.", "iris.", "lens." ]
B
aquarat_22218
aquarat
<ctx> ##s : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 1704. 6 1438. 4 - 606. 9 6908. 7 - 6747. 4 - 5704. 6 6416. 5 coefficients : estimate std. error t value pr ( > | t | ) ( intercept ) 57739. 887 9529. 693 6. 059 0. 00375 * * square _ footage 66. 017 8. 924 7. 398 0. 00178 * * bedrooms 16966. 536 6283. 183 2. 700 0. 05408. - - - signif. codes...
[ "A)40 m", "B)60 m", "C)65 m", "D)70 m" ]
B
Let breadth = x metres. Then, length = (x + 20) metres. Perimeter = 5300 m = 200 m. 26.50 2[(x + 20) + x] = 200 2x + 20 = 100 2x = 80 x = 40. Hence, length = x + 20 = 60 m B