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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
ba84554799c6179d36cb6f57388f87b169473c02	the hidden linear function problem, is a search	the hidden linear function problem, is a search problem that generalizes the bernstein–vazirani problem. in the bernstein–vazirani problem, the hidden function is implicitly specified in an oracle; while in the 2d hidden linear function problem, the hidden function is explicitly specified by a matrix and a binary vecto...	wikipedia
aca5b36573d0698903f7a1b18d9b71eb415850b5	while bernstein–vazirani's problem was designed to prove an	while bernstein–vazirani's problem was designed to prove an oracle separation between complexity classes bqp and bpp, 2d hlf was designed to prove an explicit separation between the circuit classes q n c 0 and n c 0 .	wikipedia
b1ec145f5a53a2f807a93c07590c3b570fe457dd	this problem can be solved by a quantum	this problem can be solved by a quantum circuit, h ⊗ n u q h ⊗ n ∣ 0 n ⟩ {\displaystyle h^{\otimes n}u_{q}h^{\otimes n}\mid 0^{n}\rangle }, where h is the hadamard gate, s is the s gate and cz is cz gate. it is solved by this circuit because with p (z) = \| ⟨ z \| h ⊗ n u q h ⊗ n \| 0 n ⟩ \| 2 {\displaystyle p(z)=\left\|\la...	wikipedia
742f94d1a88551af8c9ecca331eb0f63112827e4	with 3 registers; the first holding a {\displaystyle	with 3 registers; the first holding a {\displaystyle a}, the second containing b {\displaystyle b} and the third carrying an n {\displaystyle n} -qubit state, the circuit has controlled gates which implement u q = ∏ 1 < i < j < n c z i j a i j ⋅ ⨂ j = 1 n s j b j {\displaystyle u_{q}=\prod _{1<i<j<n}cz_{ij}^{a_{ij}}\cd...	wikipedia
7a8f827736c32748d26c67c69639b880489c1fe6	given a ∈ f 2 n × n	given a ∈ f 2 n × n {\displaystyle a\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n\times n}} (an upper- triangular binary matrix of size n × n {\displaystyle n\times n}) and b ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle b\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} (a binary vector of length n {\displaystyle n}),	wikipedia
92f75e766c3d3f4b4e9704b51b0ece708e2d4e43	the hidden linear function problem, is a search	the hidden linear function problem, is a search problem that generalizes the bernstein–vazirani problem. in the bernstein–vazirani problem, the hidden function is implicitly specified in an oracle; while in the 2d hidden linear function problem (2d hlf), the hidden function is explicitly specified by a matrix and a bin...	wikipedia
712bb19192c0d1e086dafd33ea047692c6e5bf1f	brown has represented scotland at under-16, under-17 and	brown has represented scotland at under-16, under-17 and under-19 levels. on 8 february 2015, she made her senior debut for scotland in a 4–0 win against northern ireland. on 25 october 2017, she scored her first goal in a 5–0 win against albania.	wikipedia
67d1a090d4e17e693a0125e79a810093f9c23082	on 21 november 2017, brown joined fc rosengård.	on 21 november 2017, brown joined fc rosengård. on 10 february 2018, she made her debut in a 3–0 win over vittsjö gik in the svenska cupen. on 18 february, she scored a hat-trick in a 16–0 victory against qviding fif.	wikipedia
3d49ee51184697479b9f75a016a58777c0b3f4fb	on 19 december 2016, brown left scotland and	on 19 december 2016, brown left scotland and signed with damallsvenskan club eskilstuna united dff. on 19 february 2017, she made her first appearance for the club against piteå if in the svenska cupen. on 17 april, she made her league debut and scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory against hammarby, and was consequ...	wikipedia
80b3a5475791b9a2e5e93ee6eb400d2842d0cea7	brown played four years at celtic before she	brown played four years at celtic before she joined glasgow city in december 2013. she scored the 1–1 in the away match against fc zürich in the 8th finals of the uefa women's champions league that glasgow city in the end won on aggregate.	wikipedia
e97e9dbaaf9af320c6d428500ce139c5050f3166	in 1937, there was an infestation of citrus	in 1937, there was an infestation of citrus bud mite (aceria sheldoni) in southern california and keifer was assigned to the identification of eriophyid mites. his descriptive work of this economically important group, spanned thirty years and describing 630 new taxa in 56 publications led to keifer becoming a world ex...	wikipedia
c011a79e7f12c582fba8b4ef3c6f88ced84f61e6	following his marriage in august 1928, he moved	following his marriage in august 1928, he moved to sacramento to become first laboratory assistant in charge of identifications and the collection of the california department of agriculture. as california's agriculture expanded, identification of species averaged 2,300 per year in 1928 and increased to 45,000 per year...	wikipedia
dc89fcff7f01bf463818aae472d647215cf75553	after graduation, keifer worked for the forest service	after graduation, keifer worked for the forest service before accepting a position as an assistant to the curator at the california academy of sciences, san francisco where he mounted and labelled a backlog of material. in 1925 he joined the academy's expedition to the mexican islands of revillagigedo and tres marias, ...	wikipedia
a4d23d260cf6deff96f909ea8ad1b6ebee96d3c1	keifer was born 1902 in oroville, california, to	keifer was born 1902 in oroville, california, to john mccarl keifer (1861–1928) and elizabeth burt (née leggett; 1863–1922). as a child he had an interest in natural history and insects, and was encouraged by an aunt, dr. cordelia burt leggett. from 1920 to 1924, he attended the university of california, berkeley and g...	wikipedia
f9c75067d21459e669ae0c922ef0e79134812621	hartford hammond keifer (24 january 1902 – 20	hartford hammond keifer (24 january 1902 – 20 august 1986) was a world authority on eriophyid mites. based in california, he initially studied the local microlepidoptera before turning to mites in 1937.	wikipedia
3d5e6f6dab55fa58a499d5cfebd5b7479b26ca0d	the majority of the towns historic structures have	the majority of the towns historic structures have since been demolished or displaced by development of the columbia, maryland project village of kings contrivance, leaving only the bridge and quarry remnants for preservation. on june 2, 2021, the guilford quarry pratt through truss bridge was registered on the nationa...	wikipedia
0806446ba7c104d07668847c4c9eabf066865b2e	guilford was noted for high quality granite for	guilford was noted for high quality granite for building structures. the "old gault" guilford quarries first started mining guilford quartz monzonite in 1834. they were managed by the guilford and waltersville granite company in 1887 and later in 1889 by matthew gault & son prior to the bridge installation on the littl...	wikipedia
944709a2987216db58731930757ae0c44c34059e	the bridge was constructed in 1902 to extend	the bridge was constructed in 1902 to extend a spur of the b&o railroad beyond savage, maryland upstream toward a quarry at guilford maryland. the town of guilford at its peak comprised a mill, quarry, and a small village of stone structures.	wikipedia
913decd040659ec8b1e9ce025453a7cb3e473941	flylight airsports is a british aircraft manufacturer based	flylight airsports is a british aircraft manufacturer based in northamptonshire. the company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes and is noted for its line of retractable gear single seat aircraft, such as the dragonfly. the company also acts as importer for several lines of aircraft including...	wikipedia
033455dcf571b9ca5352c56095078164d2be8112	flylight airsports is a british aircraft manufacturer based	flylight airsports is a british aircraft manufacturer based in northamptonshire. the company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes and is noted for its line of retractable gear single seat aircraft, such as the dragonfly. the company also acts as importer for several lines of aircraft including...	wikipedia
1b984ca7fae7b25f67cfa29b23f03a93e35ceb3e	in enzymology, a galactosylacylglycerol o-acyltransferase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a galactosylacylglycerol o-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are [[acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]]] and sn-3-d-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol, whereas its two products are acyl-carrier-protein and d-galactosyldiacylglycerol. this enzyme b...	wikipedia
7137cb4d19f5fb29c2a42f2b33027a3716cdf848	this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. the systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-:d-galactosylacylglycerol o-acyltransferase. other names in common use include acyl-acyl-carrier protein: lysomonogalactosyldiacylglyce...	wikipedia
0afb5ffbabfdcd86af35b15b227a821966c66589	thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are	thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ]] and sn-3-d-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol, whereas its two products are acyl-carrier-protein and d-galactosyldiacylglycerol.	wikipedia
5423a466e324b3fb0d83e479538d2cd789841ae2	germund dahlquist was a swedish mathematician known primarily	germund dahlquist was a swedish mathematician known primarily for his early contributions to the theory of numerical analysis as applied to differential equations. dahlquist began to study mathematics at stockholm university in 1942 at the age of 17, where he cites the danish mathematician harald bohr as a profound inf...	wikipedia
b283f13ab584fdb3a67af74edf6799f977f356fc	in 1959 he moved to the royal institute	in 1959 he moved to the royal institute of technology (kth), where he would later establish what became the department of numerical analysis and computer science (nada) in 1962 (now part of the school of computer science and communication), and become sweden's first professor of numerical analysis in 1963. he helped es...	wikipedia
676408ba66769a7ded66233941a0a49545b1e06b	dahlquist returned to stockholm university to complete his	dahlquist returned to stockholm university to complete his ph.d., stability and error bounds in the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, which he defended in 1958, with fritz carlson and lars hörmander as his advisors. as part of this work he introduced the logarithmic norm (also introduced by russian...	wikipedia
d5c6a89298af25f9f0aefe5d60905e26aa8da042	he received the degree of licentiat from stockholm	he received the degree of licentiat from stockholm university in 1949, before taking a break from his studies to work at the swedish board of computer machinery (matematikmaskinnämnden), working on (among other things) the early computer besk, sweden's first. during this time, he also worked with carl-gustaf rossby on ...	wikipedia
15cd0ca46f416dde85eed8be40504e122d086b79	dahlquist began to study mathematics at stockholm university	dahlquist began to study mathematics at stockholm university in 1942 at the age of 17, where he cites the danish mathematician harald bohr (who was living in exile after the occupation of denmark during world war ii) as a profound influence.	wikipedia
d52f65535de03318cfc6654e8a4504da620015e6	harold norman moldenke, also known as simply moldenke	harold norman moldenke, also known as simply moldenke (1909–1996) was an american botanist/taxonomist. his expertise is largely in the study of verbenaceae, avicenniaceae, stilbaceae, dicrastylidaceae, symphoremaceae, nyctanthaceae and eriocaulaceae.	wikipedia
64bfaa90f6c6c06f5d3556d5a78a76223e89419e	in 1941, moldenke, along with the collaboration of	in 1941, moldenke, along with the collaboration of his wife, alma moldenke, created the book plants of the bible after 12 years of research. later, moldenke took a job in botanical and ecological education as director of the now-named trailside nature and science center in mountainside, new jersey. he was also a profes...	wikipedia
f3c9d2f9760cb6af3db2c192a27badc200f5def5	moldenke's career started at the new york botanical	moldenke's career started at the new york botanical garden, a place he maintained a close relationship with (donating many educational materials to its library). there, he worked as a research fellow and part-time assistant in 1929. he taught a course in systematic botany for gardeners there as well. for 16 years, he w...	wikipedia
679b08b3302939280c3cd803e025eae95f19a80f	moldenke was the son of charles e. and	moldenke was the son of charles e. and sophia (heins) moldenke. his father was a noted egyptologist whose translation of the hieroglyphics on cleopatra's needle he reprinted. harold was born in watchung, new jersey, in 1909, and earned a bachelor's degree from susquehanna university in 1929.	wikipedia
24710d4028d4305ccc698bf3605376eb0c6b0c77	harold norman moldenke, also known as simply moldenke	harold norman moldenke, also known as simply moldenke (1909–1996) was an american botanist / taxonomist. his expertise is largely in the study of verbenaceae, avicenniaceae, stilbaceae, dicrastylidaceae, symphoremaceae, nyctanthaceae and eriocaulaceae.	wikipedia
0611f6cdacd636a80b08a8c4ac3129e754d692f8	gramicidin, also called gramicidin d, is a mix	gramicidin, also called gramicidin d, is a mix of ionophoric antibiotics, gramicidin a, b and c, which make up about 80%, 5%, and 15% of the mix, respectively. each has 2 isoforms, so the mix has 6 different types of gramicidin molecules. they can be extracted from brevibacillus brevis soil bacteria. gramicidins are li...	wikipedia
a89e96e77af7514da3dac1f912bd7f462f085672	gramicidins can be used as topical antibiotic medications	gramicidins can be used as topical antibiotic medications in low doses, even though they are potentially lethal for human cells. bacteria die at lower gramicidin concentrations than human cells. gramicidins are not used internally, as their significant intake may cause hemolysis and be toxic to the liver, kidney, menin...	wikipedia
c880eff42302fb163aaab3c61a7b9283acd40197	gramicidins are ionophores. their dimers form ion channel	gramicidins are ionophores. their dimers form ion channel -like pores in cell membranes and cellular organelles of bacteria and animal cells. inorganic monovalent ions, such as potassium (k) and sodium (na), can travel through these pores freely via diffusion. this destroys vital ion concentration differences, i.e. ion...	wikipedia
cba37493aaab2cf00144ac44ed9760a4db3b2276	gramicidin mixture is a crystalline solid. its solubility	gramicidin mixture is a crystalline solid. its solubility in water is minimal, 6 mg/l, and it may form colloidal suspensions. it is soluble in small alcohols, acetic acid, pyridine, poorly soluble in acetone and dioxane, and practically insoluble in diethylether and hydrocarbons.	wikipedia
be0998643a32f0cf49de277349df1bc88bb20df7	gramicidins form helices. the alternating pattern of d-	gramicidins form helices. the alternating pattern of d- and l-amino acids is important for the formation of these structures. helices occur most often as head-to-head dimers. 2 gramicidins can also form antiparallel or parallel double helices, especially in organic solvents. dimers are long enough to span cellular lipi...	wikipedia
b86c93434c428095381e41846141c7a9489b216c	y is l- tryptophan in gramicidin a, l-	y is l- tryptophan in gramicidin a, l- phenylalanine in b and l- tyrosine in c. x determines isoform. x is l- valine or l- isoleucine – in natural gramicidin mixes of a, b and c, about 5% of the total gramicidins are isoleucine isoforms.	wikipedia
5b662dfddaad9db55e4cc8af6e1d74497a4cb161	in 1939, rené dubos isolated the substance tyrothricin.	in 1939, rené dubos isolated the substance tyrothricin. later this was shown to be a mix of gramicidin and tyrocidine. these were the first antibiotics to be manufactured commercially. letter "d" in gramicidin d is short for "dubos", and was invented to differentiate the mix from gramicidin s.	wikipedia