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möllenstedt started his research in gdańsk where he
möllenstedt started his research in gdańsk where he worked on electron diffraction artifacts, which were named kossel-möllenstedt patterns. in 1948–49 he developed the möllenstedt speed analyzer to characterize plasmons in solids. in 1950, in mosbach, he found that an electron beam can be split by a thin tungsten wire ...
wikipedia
d7b7b8da5076ea1053f51ef3241a33351d2ef248
in 1947 möllenstedt became research assistant and head
in 1947 möllenstedt became research assistant and head of the electronics laboratory at carl zeiss ag. he later moved to the university of tübingen, to reunite with his teacher kossel. there he become associate professor for applied physics in 1953 and full professor and director of the institute for applied physics in...
wikipedia
7a6d42ac6ec4babb4d7c36eb19ea7bde23f10f24
möllenstedt was the fourth of eight children of
möllenstedt was the fourth of eight children of the teacher, cantor and vice-principal johann heinrich möllenstedt; he had two sisters and five brothers. at first he wanted to become an aircraft engineer, but then, impressed by his teachers walther kossel and eberhard buchwald, turned to physics in 1934. under walther ...
wikipedia
6e513f44ecb6a6f61af3145fd4f946e6bbdc2c7c
gottfried möllenstedt (14 september 1912 – 11 september
gottfried möllenstedt (14 september 1912 – 11 september 1997) was a german physicist and professor at the university of tübingen, where he founded the institute of applied physics in 1957, and served as rector from 1966 to 1968. together with his doctoral student heinrich düker (1923–1985), in 1955 he invented the elec...
wikipedia
89705680c3b531b24766a99bb32013f04c3b81fb
gennady vladimirovich drach is a russian scientist in
gennady vladimirovich drach is a russian scientist in the fields of culturology and history of ancient greek philosophy. he is a professor at the southern federal university, vice president of the russian philosophical society, and a 2007 honored scientist of the russian federation. he is a member of the editorial boar...
wikipedia
50c7259df42507c010dca0a64989b30cba45dad2
gennady vladimirovich drach (russian: Геннадий Владимирович Драч; born
gennady vladimirovich drach (russian: Геннадий Владимирович Драч; born february 5, 1942) is a russian scientist in the fields of culturology and history of ancient greek philosophy. he is a professor at the southern federal university, vice president of the russian philosophical society (Российское философское общество...
wikipedia
906e0fd1ee1a6d6a296d89049053c467fabf3eab
ioio is a series of open source pic
ioio is a series of open source pic microcontroller-based boards that allow android mobile applications to interact with external electronics. the device was invented by ytai ben-tsvi in 2011, and was first manufactured by sparkfun electronics. the name "ioio" is inspired by the function of the device, which enables ap...
wikipedia
cbf46feb11fcb445e6b5bbaed396a3f01701e4fb
the ioio-otg is a 3.3 v logic level
the ioio-otg is a 3.3 v logic level device, with some of the pins being 5 v tolerant. it features a 5 v dc/dc switching regulator and a 3.3 v linear regulator. the 5 v regulator supports a 5–15 v input range and up to 3 a load. this facilitates charging a connected android device as well as driving several small motors...
wikipedia
72b2a44c67aad638af396f747bc8702ebf385fe8
the second-generation ioio boards (known as ioio-otg) contain
the second-generation ioio boards (known as ioio-otg) contain the following on-board features: as the name suggests, a key feature of this generation is the introduction of usb-otg, supporting usb master or slave mode. this enables the ioio to connect to older android phones that only support usb slave mode, in additio...
wikipedia
be6b1fe298d70cd07899274948aedd32c94765d1
the ioio v1 is a 3.3 v logic
the ioio v1 is a 3.3 v logic level device, and features a 5 v dc/dc switching regulator and a 3.3v linear regulator. the 5 v regulator supports a 5–15 v input range and up to 1.5 a load. this facilitates charging a connected android device as well as driving several small motors or similar loads.
wikipedia
9cabde49f26b258e86473a347e2b564a81635400
android phones are powerful mobile computers having internet
android phones are powerful mobile computers having internet connectivity and a rich variety of built-in sensors (camera, gps, imu, touch screen). they are also very easy to write applications for, thanks to the great work done by the android sdk developers. for many applications, all they are really missing is connect...
wikipedia
13230f73f7570605375b3f7461052a04a7779964
you can combine the awesome computing power, internet/bluetooth
you can combine the awesome computing power, internet/bluetooth connectivity, touch screen, and a variety of sensors from your android device with the ability to easily add peripheral devices to interact with the outside world. also, using the ioio does not require any hardware or software modifications to your android...
wikipedia
595671ec4b6fa90b689447cd0938bb23345b9a22
you could hook up the ioio for android
you could hook up the ioio for android and a couple of heat sensors, and whip up an app that measures room temperature and then emails you if it’s getting too hot. thanks to a range of i/o choices – including digital input/output, pwm, analog input, i2c, spi and uart control – you could also connect your home thermosta...
wikipedia
6db494deeab2a02bfa702bad72ffbb3bd4e2585a
the ioio has been variously described as a
the ioio has been variously described as a "geek's paradise", "an easy way to get i/o from an android device’s usb connection" and "a usb i/o breakout board for android smartphones which turns your handset into a super-arduino of sorts". it featured as a recommended "gift for geeks" in a scientific computing article.
wikipedia
997bbd5d6b546e5f84a0a369674bcbcbe603bce5
the qualcomm snapdragon micro rover is a 3d
the qualcomm snapdragon micro rover is a 3d printed robot that leverages an android smartphone and the ioio to control the robot's motors and sensors. a team led by israeli inventor dr. guy hoffman created an emotionally-sensitive robot, that relies on the ioio to control the robot's hardware.
wikipedia
459d06209928b454c547880d93d5024ad8be4833
the ioio supports both computers and android devices
the ioio supports both computers and android devices as first-class hosts, and provides the exact api on both types of devices. first-generation devices can only communicate with pcs over bluetooth, while ioio-otg devices can use either bluetooth or usb. pc applications may use apis for java or c# to communicate with t...
wikipedia
0b043e5f32657f1769b99f26575948bad9769ffc
device firmware may be updated on-site by the
device firmware may be updated on-site by the user. for first-generation devices updating is performed using an android device and the ioio manager application available on google play. second-generation ioio-otg devices must be updated using a desktop computer running the ioiodude application.
wikipedia
e15089d76fc16915ef9235c7c87e11b9977de9c8
the ioio motor control api can drive up
the ioio motor control api can drive up to 9 motors and any number of binary actuators in synchronization and cycle-accurate precision. developers may send a sequence of high-level commands to the ioio, which performs the low-level waveform generation on-chip. the ioio firmware supports 3 different kinds of motors; ste...
wikipedia
6dd87d8050697f709c38ae8b885f48c6bf77a2a8
in addition to basic digital input/output and analog
in addition to basic digital input/output and analog input, the ioio library also handles pwm, i2c, spi, uart, input capture, capacitive sensing and advanced motor control. to connect to older android devices that use usb 2.0 in slave mode, newer ioio models use usb on-the-go to act as a host for such devices. some mod...
wikipedia
1195a3c382294d729127f2fd8c51141d84e4ec31
the ioio board contains a single pic mcu
the ioio board contains a single pic mcu that acts as a usb host / usb slave and communicates with an android app running on a connected android device. the board provides connectivity via usb, usb-otg or bluetooth, and is controllable from within an android application using the java api.
wikipedia
cd519e6df68877560db94ef6c75cb085dc7f14c7
ioio (pronounced yo-yo) is a series of open
ioio (pronounced yo-yo) is a series of open source pic microcontroller -based boards that allow android mobile applications to interact with external electronics. the device was invented by ytai ben-tsvi in 2011, and was first manufactured by sparkfun electronics. the name "ioio" is inspired by the function of the devi...
wikipedia
c3554cfa1856c7d2337484cda20b3b9e41a20c9a
gordon leslie ada ao, faa was an australian
gordon leslie ada ao, faa was an australian biochemist best known for his seminal contributions to virology and immunology and his long leadership of the department of microbiology at the john curtin school of medical research at the australian national university, where peter c. doherty and rolf zinkernagel performed ...
wikipedia
83c1f237722eed588ad4732d0d74252ce6377872
gordon leslie ada ao, faa was an australian
immunity. he was also active in the world health organization from 1971, his involvement lasting over 20 years. while retaining his australian base, he spent substantial time in the us from 1988, becoming associate director and then director of johns hopkins school of hygiene and public health in baltimore. his latter...
wikipedia
a8587e58311552c8832b0f91ab5b7af413a4356d
ada was elected a fellow of the australian
ada was elected a fellow of the australian academy of science in 1964 and awarded the lemberg medal in 1971. he was appointed an officer of the order of australia in the 1993 australia day honours for "service to medicine in the field of immunology and international health".
wikipedia
468252c90665ed614d037390f8320316c78912d4
his latter years in science were spent as
his latter years in science were spent as a visiting professor at the john curtin school, where he was involved in the development of a candidate hiv vaccine. during that time he also wrote a very readable and informative popular science book on immunization, vaccination: the facts, the fears, the future published in 2...
wikipedia
fe7a413fe25e780d1c16e611c5ddcf86ee10c839
in 1968 ada was appointed head of the
in 1968 ada was appointed head of the microbiology department at the john curtin school of medical research at the australian national university, taking over from frank fenner. he held the position for 20 years; during his period of leadership the school became an international centre for the analysis of t cell-mediat...
wikipedia
9da8be1e73303af5d9f04a409d9a444b98c70d03
gordon ada was born in 1922 in sydney.
gordon ada was born in 1922 in sydney. he studied at fort street high school, then at the university of sydney, graduating bsc in 1943, and msc in 1946. after completing his masters he went to london to work for the national institute for medical research, staying in london until 1948. when he returned to australia, he...
wikipedia
36e1be49e51bfe1767e208538e8d32909ddbc3d2
gordon leslie ada ao, faa (6 december 1922
gordon leslie ada ao, faa (6 december 1922 – 25 september 2012) was an australian biochemist best known for his seminal contributions to virology and immunology and his long leadership of the department of microbiology at the john curtin school of medical research at the australian national university, where peter c. d...
wikipedia
75869d96756bbde3b17d2c83af3e140d0d103bbb
hachimitsu ni hatsukoi is a japanese slice of
hachimitsu ni hatsukoi is a japanese slice of life romance shōjo manga series written and illustrated by ai minase and serialized on shogakukan's shōjo comic magazine. 12 volumes were published. it is published in france by panini.
wikipedia
7da54c899071c39e99e5248dde2c0bac216a6165
volume 1 reached the 35th place on the
volume 1 reached the 35th place on the weekly oricon manga chart and, as of december 2, 2012, has sold 25,522 copies; volume 2 reached the 41st place and, as of december 30, 2012, has sold 27,923 copies; volume 5 reached the 16th place and, as of october 6, 2013, has sold 71,993 copies; volume 6 reached the 11th place ...
wikipedia
1d0dc1205d60ff4d3a223ded8fbf385c018bc4b7
hachimitsu ni hatsukoi (ハチミツにはつこい, lit. "first love like
hachimitsu ni hatsukoi (ハチミツにはつこい, lit. "first love like honey") is a japanese slice of life romance shōjo manga series written and illustrated by ai minase and serialized on shogakukan 's shōjo comic magazine. 12 volumes were published. it is published in france by panini.
wikipedia
bb86c68339696aa29eb6d68495d1b90c73aa99bd
hjalmar august schiøtz was a norwegian physician, ophthalmologist
hjalmar august schiøtz was a norwegian physician, ophthalmologist and educator. schiøtz is credited as being norway's first professor of ophthalmology. he was born in stavanger, norway. in 1877 he received his medical degree from the university of kristiania later studying ophthalmology in vienna, where he befriended e...
wikipedia
6f7bcb5b68927f6cb4969f77c90d207f86b0da8b
he was also a skilled technician and mathematician.
he was also a skilled technician and mathematician. while in paris, he invented a keratometer with dr. louis Émile javal that was to become known as the javal-schiøtz ophthalmometer, an optical instrument used to measure the curvature of the anterior corneal surface. he presented an early version of the instrument at t...
wikipedia
891d8ada02799be044dcfd02b6635a50f634df17
he was born in stavanger, norway. in 1877
he was born in stavanger, norway. in 1877 he received his medical degree from the university of kristiania (now university of oslo) later studying ophthalmology in vienna, where he befriended ernst fuchs (1851-1930), and in paris, where he was employed as "directeur adjoint" in the ophthalmology laboratory at the sorbo...
wikipedia
a0b27f851a7014c521ad6e623a3d9162c9fef59d
hjalmar august schiøtz (9 february 1850 – 8
hjalmar august schiøtz (9 february 1850 – 8 december 1927) was a norwegian physician, ophthalmologist and educator. schiøtz is credited as being norway's first professor of ophthalmology.
wikipedia
3c054fd403ea01ea0633543c5235eaeac989c25f
hannah jones is an australian hurdler specializing in
hannah jones is an australian hurdler specializing in the 100 metres hurdles. she was the bronze medalist at the 2023 australian athletics championships, qualifying her for the world championships where she did not advance to the semi-finals.
wikipedia
1a1681ff8f30d5e7d02afb7c6e65b5043b19ba3c
jones had her best year in 2023, with
jones had her best year in 2023, with multiple runs near or under 13 seconds. jones qualified for the 2023 world athletics championships by placing 3rd at the 2023 australian athletics championships. at the world championships, jones finished 8th in her heat and did not advance to the semi-finals.
wikipedia
11821704ef573be3d04960f24f11f0eabe09d3fa
in 2021, jones achieved her best national placing
in 2021, jones achieved her best national placing with a runner-up finish at the australian athletics championships, behind liz clay. despite this, she was not selected for the australian olympic team. her coach sally pearson said that jones had the ability to push clay to the line.
wikipedia
37aa55c7e09320eb8d08cad07955766699e73cb9
jones is from the cherrybrook suburb of sydney.
jones is from the cherrybrook suburb of sydney. she had a successful under-20 athletics career, winning a bronze medal at the 2012 australian u18 championships. at the australian trials for the 2014 world u20 championships in athletics, jones won her semi-final but fell in the finals and did not make the team.
wikipedia
741b6417e66900f5973271960062312613ba9ff3
hannah jones (born 5 october 1995) is an
hannah jones (born 5 october 1995) is an australian hurdler specializing in the 100 metres hurdles. she was the bronze medalist at the 2023 australian athletics championships, qualifying her for the world championships where she did not advance to the semi-finals.
wikipedia
3af94754ad8310e03b4e1da9a65c6215ac4c7706
henry georges fourcade (1865-1948), also known as henri
henry georges fourcade (1865-1948), also known as henri georges fourcade and sometimes georges henri fourcade, was a surveyor, forester, pioneer of photogrammetry and as botanist, a major early collector of the southern cape flora.
wikipedia
a298831c038417f799b3d5a8c9cf4379c2e41964
fourcade had collected sporadically in the 1880s and
fourcade had collected sporadically in the 1880s and also during the visit to natal. each time however, his specimens were lost. in 1905, he began a personal herbarium and by 1910, he had collected several hundred species, being a keen collector. it was only in 1920, when he was 55, that fourcade took up botany serious...
wikipedia
ab762efa5824a53a21071724bad5539bef5c5d37
in the years 1891–1899, fourcade was employed essentially
in the years 1891–1899, fourcade was employed essentially as a surveyor, demarcating the knysna forest area. in march 1892, he had an inspiration to attempt a delicate and skilled exercise in higher surveying. this would normally be permitted only to a very experienced and specially trained surveyor. fourcade set himse...
wikipedia
f654a504dc64ca0331763abea72e0fb614b022d2
upon his return, fourcade's work environment changed as
upon his return, fourcade's work environment changed as one senior colleague retired and another died. in the ensuing departmental reorganisation, he was promised the post of conservator in charge of surveys and accordingly decided to complete his long-deferred practical survey examination. this he passed, but the arra...
wikipedia
7f09dca3f2f43b3c78e59381008e18c62b296357
almost all his recommendations were adopted: the appointment
almost all his recommendations were adopted: the appointment of a conservator of forests was approved; a proclamation protected ironwood, stinkwood and yellowwoods; and the forests were shut down for 16 months. fourcade was offered the new post, but he turned it down and returned to cape town. a year later, the report ...
wikipedia
bbfe061391dde764ab7aec643032b66ebe813992
of all the official documents that have been
of all the official documents that have been presented to the legislative council this session, by far the most interesting is the "report of the natal forests" by mr. h. g. fourcade of the cape service, who was appointed early last year to perform the work of which this report is the representation and the result.... ...
wikipedia
9f230d7fcd348d8af2bfb569a0c47df3a5b28f29
in march 1889, fourcade left for natal on
in march 1889, fourcade left for natal on his own, with a mandate to report on the condition of the indigenous forests on crown or trust lands; to advise on the feasibility of creating artificial forests and to report on the supply of timber for use by the railways. upon arrival at durban, he was met by the botanist jo...
wikipedia
1d9cd441eecdb051837aa2dec79eb7d030c03992
in march 1889, fourcade left for natal on
ations, and organisation of staff and works. it contains a list of 167 species of tree indigenous to natal; mechanical constants determined by experiment of the hardness, density, elasticity coefficient, elasticity limit, breaking stress; notes on the preparation of wood and railway sleeper manufacture, a list of trees...
wikipedia
c7a20556645664e6822df1faf8a88f31d1a40e4a
in 1876, gold had been discovered in the
in 1876, gold had been discovered in the knysna forest – see millwood, south africa. prospectors flocked to the area and a town rapidly came into being. it had a post office, six hotels, three newspapers, many shops and a law court. the impact on the forest was quite dramatic. fourcade had to watch more or less helples...
wikipedia
69a1606755b2ef259616900e3a45d6c9a5856229
in 1876, gold had been discovered in the
, there was public concern about the depletion of the natal colony 's forests. a request had been made to the governor for expert assistance and advice. de vasselot had wanted to go himself, with fourcade as his first assistant, but that plan was scuppered when the natal government didn't provide enough funds.
wikipedia
b800094206e5a5ce83113341e6ebb7479cd39fba
de vasselot boasted about the progress shown by
de vasselot boasted about the progress shown by his protégé and put fourcade in charge of the departmental herbarium. a few months later, he was sent to knysna, with the task of surveying and then sectioning the forest into manageable parts. he performed this job well, training the existing marksmen to comply with new ...
wikipedia
a307267f9c80da8954cf1571d68aeaa12465a4f8
in july 1882, having just turned 17, fourcade
in july 1882, having just turned 17, fourcade took up an appointment with the cape colony 's forestry department, serving under its first superintendent of woods and forests, médéric de vasselot de régné, originally from the french national school of forestry at nancy. with de vasselot, fourcade studied forest science ...
wikipedia
cadee65e905dc19eacb1821e59123974c759f465
henry georges was born at 16, rue de
henry georges was born at 16, rue de treuils, bordeaux, the son of justin jadé fourcade and marie prat. he had one other sibling, his older sister jeanne marie. his father was a general storekeeper, who soon moved to yokohama, japan and became an importer of wines and liqueurs, where the family lived at no. 10 on the b...
wikipedia
3af94754ad8310e03b4e1da9a65c6215ac4c7706
henry georges fourcade (1865-1948), also known as henri
henry georges fourcade (1865-1948), also known as henri georges fourcade and sometimes georges henri fourcade, was a surveyor, forester, pioneer of photogrammetry and as botanist, a major early collector of the southern cape flora.
wikipedia
97450446ac19b364ba8b73155dfcfef65b11f00d
jasper a. vrugt is a dutch scientist/engineer/applied mathematician
jasper a. vrugt is a dutch scientist/engineer/applied mathematician known for his work in the earth sciences: surface hydrology, soil physics, hydrogeophysics, hydrometeorology, and geophysics. vrugt is an assistant professor at the university of california, irvine and holds a joint appointment in the department of civ...
wikipedia
e939a38df86e7bf95d1e4e68b0a5f13db4fb74fb
vrugt has received several awards. he received the
vrugt has received several awards. he received the 2011 donath medal (young scientist award) of the geological society of america (gsa). as recipient of this medal, dr. vrugt was made gsa fellow in 2012. in 2010, he received the james b. macelwane medal of the american geophysical union (agu) for outstanding contributi...
wikipedia
39c134b386a5779ccd95f6780f1d4ddca24fc5af
jasper a. vrugt (born 1976) is a dutch
jasper a. vrugt (born 1976) is a dutch scientist/engineer/ applied mathematician known for his work in the earth sciences: surface hydrology, soil physics, hydrogeophysics, hydrometeorology, and geophysics. vrugt is an assistant professor at the university of california, irvine and holds a joint appointment in the depa...
wikipedia
51c970e1bd936cf6acf1517de8e2e2472886565f
hypogymnia capitata is a species of foliose lichen
hypogymnia capitata is a species of foliose lichen in the family parmeliaceae. found in high-elevation conifer forests in sichuan province, china, it was described as a new species in 2014. the lichen is characterized by its capitate terminal soralia, brownish lobes with white cavities, and the presence of olivetoric a...
wikipedia
bc412f81bfb782859b69c8b4dcf692ba7f27bdb0
this lichen is known to inhabit high-elevation conifer
this lichen is known to inhabit high-elevation conifer forests in sichuan province, china. one known occurrence was in a streamside conifer forest. due to the limited number of known sites, its specific habitat requirements are not well understood.
wikipedia
142bcd056e26387344f7cb96e776039a1df4eee4
hypogymnia capitata is characterized by the presence of
hypogymnia capitata is characterized by the presence of atranorin and olivetoric acid, with accessory physodalic and protocetraric acids. the species is unique within the genus for its absence of physodic acid and the presence of olivetoric acid. the cortex and medulla exhibit various colour reactions when tested with ...
wikipedia
c1de9bb0663bfe3effc839aef64d5b7e43d524b0
hypogymnia capitata is similar to hypogymnia submundata, h.
hypogymnia capitata is similar to hypogymnia submundata, h. tubulosa, and h. bitteri, which also produce terminal soralia. however, it can be distinguished by its more variable branching, black mottling on the upper surface, and sparse perforations in the lower surface. additionally, the presence of olivetoric acid and...
wikipedia
6101fe5c567e39b1adf9378c3df87044824b2592
the lichen produces powdery soredia in terminal capitate
the lichen produces powdery soredia in terminal capitate soralia. apothecia are not observed, but brown to black pycnidia are common. the spermatia are cylindrical and may have slight swellings at one end or slightly off-centre.
wikipedia
c90ebea7a86dd35013067cdb90146904d5096edd
hypogymnia capitata features an appressed to pendulous (hanging)
hypogymnia capitata features an appressed to pendulous (hanging) thallus, measuring up to 4 cm (1.6 in) or more in width. the thallus has a cartilaginous texture with variable branching patterns. the upper surface of the lobes is pale greenish-grey to brown and exhibits dark mottling. lobes have a width-to-height ratio...
wikipedia
54929b73549c8990fa80e843fef45f46a6cceb76
hypogymnia capitata was first scientifically described by lichenologist
hypogymnia capitata was first scientifically described by lichenologist bruce mccune in 2014. the species name capitata originates from the latin word capitatus, which refers to the capitate terminal soralia. the type specimen was found in the upper yalong basin, cho la (sichuan, at an altitude of 4,730 m (15,520 ft).
wikipedia
ae0fdb78b85609a124a12a6c14bff4f9e2e86165
hypogymnia capitata is a species of foliose lichen
hypogymnia capitata is a species of foliose lichen in the family parmeliaceae. found in high-elevation conifer forests in sichuan province, china, it was described as a new species in 2014. the lichen is characterized by its capitate terminal soralia (i.e., asexual propagules with rounded or club-shaped ends), brownish...
wikipedia
5fdcd1f1083478cd166fe6aa96fecc3bf685e3d9
gunnlod, provisionally known as s/2004 s 32, is
gunnlod, provisionally known as s/2004 s 32, is a natural satellite of saturn. its discovery was announced by scott s. sheppard, david c. jewitt, and jan kleyna on october 8, 2019 from observations taken between december 12, 2004 and january 19, 2007. it was given its permanent designation in august 2021. on 24 august ...
wikipedia
8ceb36e197f5b2e61c286f6e23c3471e9068ee88
gunnlod is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and
gunnlod is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits saturn at an average distance of 21.214 gm in 1153.96 days, at an inclination of 159° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.251.
wikipedia
7705448b50dbe9a83c29df8257c937a393e12188
gunnlod (saturn lxii), provisionally known as s/2004 s
gunnlod (saturn lxii), provisionally known as s/2004 s 32, is a natural satellite of saturn. its discovery was announced by scott s. sheppard, david c. jewitt, and jan kleyna on october 8, 2019 from observations taken between december 12, 2004 and january 19, 2007. it was given its permanent designation in august 2021....
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a051d14b03be42a7e839786bc95f768a9a6d4e3d
germyl, trihydridogermanate(1-), trihydrogermanide, trihydridogermyl or according to iupac
germyl, trihydridogermanate(1-), trihydrogermanide, trihydridogermyl or according to iupac red book: germanide is an anion containing germanium bounded with three hydrogens, with formula geh−3. germyl is the iupac term for the –geh3 group. for less electropositive elements the bond can be considered covalent rather tha...
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c9146dafbabcda085f067b690d5d630bee0497e3
germyl compounds react with alkyl halides to substitute
germyl compounds react with alkyl halides to substitute the germyl − geh group for the halogen. with aromatic halide compounds, dihalomethanes, or neopentyl haldes they replace the halogen with hydrogen. organogermanium compounds that can be produced include methyl germane, dimethyl germane, digermyl methane, digermyl ...
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fa560983ccca8d0629e947f1d83cdf791d3414b2
both the anion geh − 3 and radical
both the anion geh − 3 and radical geh have c symmetry, and are shaped as a triangular pyramid with germanium at the top, and three hydrogen atoms at the bottom. in the radical, the h-ge-h angle is 110°. in the anion the h-ge-h angle is about 93°.
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65a25927e027a3e4d3dc8945446c374b624749eb
gas phase acidity of germane is Δg is
gas phase acidity of germane is Δg is 350.8 ± 1.3 kcal/mol (1,467.7 ± 5.4 kj/mol); Δh is 358.9 kcal/mol (1,502 kj/mol) for geh → geh − 3 + h.
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796f0c15b396e957b757e934a04e6c8952fe7fc9
the energy to rip a hydrogen atom off
the energy to rip a hydrogen atom off germane to make the neutral radical is 82.0 ± 2 kcal/mol (343.1 ± 8.4 kj/mol). geh → geh + h. electron affinity for the radical is 1.6 ev: geh + e → geh.
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db485a2790a7b24368f49640997f85bac609caed
germyl compounds react with water, so water cannot
germyl compounds react with water, so water cannot be used as a solvent. liquids that have been used as solvents include liquid ammonia, ethyl amine, diglyme, or hexamethylphosphoramide. the choice of solvent depends on the temperature desired, whether alkali metals are going to be dissolved, whether the solvent needs ...
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c6542d3f94fb373c095e4ad2841c70df2ff30121
the first germyl compound to be discovered was
the first germyl compound to be discovered was sodium germyl. germane was reacted with sodium dissolved in liquid ammonia to produce sodium germyl. other alkali metal germyl compounds are known. there are also numerous transition metal complexes that contain germyl as a ligand.
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8b846437aea31bedefbb2044d40b3317d76a11f0
germyl, trihydridogermanate(1-), trihydrogermanide, trihydridogermyl or according to iupac
germyl, trihydridogermanate(1-), trihydrogermanide, trihydridogermyl or according to iupac red book: germanide is an anion containing germanium bounded with three hydrogens, with formula geh − 3. germyl is the iupac term for the – geh group. for less electropositive elements the bond can be considered covalent rather t...
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656e354737a46b31f89a1da8f29dba3f4610f7b4
hermann schnell studied chemistry at the university of
hermann schnell studied chemistry at the university of freiberg. his supervisor was hermann staudinger a well-known polymer chemist. after his phd he worked in the research laboratory of the bayer ag in uerdingen, starting in 1946. in 1953 he developed the synthesis of polycarbonates by reacting phosgene with bisphenol...
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70a735ab5b1c041bdc9265fba701d285d8489a4c
after his phd he worked in the research
after his phd he worked in the research laboratory of the bayer ag in uerdingen, starting in 1946. in 1953 he developed the synthesis of polycarbonates by reacting phosgene with bisphenol a. this material marketed as makrolon was a commercial success.
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a91f980519fce0c4116d621f9f1cd13fc6a5a382
hermann schnell (16. september march 1916 – 7
hermann schnell (16. september march 1916 – 7 september 1999) was a german organic chemist who developed the first commercial polycarbonate, makrolon.hermann schnell studied chemistry at the university of freiberg. his supervisor was hermann staudinger a well-known polymer chemist.
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1bea6be1ed73b99828473679976a6fee021ae611
she was honored with a festschrift for her
she was honored with a festschrift for her seventieth birthday, and she received the award of excellence from the phycological society of america in 2000 and the yasumoto lifetime achievement award from the international society for the study of harmful algae in 2003.
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she was hired as a lecturer at the
she was hired as a lecturer at the university of oslo in 1961, and was then a professor of marine botany from 1977 to 1990. she was the third female professor at the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, and was inducted into the norwegian academy of science and letters in 1980 as the only female researcher at t...
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she graduated from elverum teachers' college in 1942,
she graduated from elverum teachers' college in 1942, and graduated from the university of oslo in 1949 where she worked with trygve braarud. in 1950, she published her first paper: phototactic vertical migration in marine dinoflagellates. she took the dr.philos. degree in 1968 on the thesis an analysis of the phytopla...
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b2feaf63d5bda062028e268a79c04036822a93ca
hasle was born in borre as the daughter
hasle was born in borre as the daughter of shipmaster johan kristian rytter (1890–1966) and his wife nicoline olava nielsen (1885–1976). she married hans martin hasle and took his name; he died in 1971. she resided at ekeberg in norway and died in november 2013.
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grethe berit rytter hasle (3 january 1920 –
grethe berit rytter hasle (3 january 1920 – 9 november 2013) was a norwegian planktologist. among the first female professors of natural science at the university of oslo, she specialized in the study of phytoplankton.
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326d8f0b5f6cf76bd32852b1c0404ec0bc7608bc
james moran is an american radio astronomer living
james moran is an american radio astronomer living in massachusetts, usa. he was a professor of astronomy at harvard university from 1989 through 2016, a senior radio astronomer at the smithsonian astrophysical observatory from 1981 through 2020 and the director of the submillimeter array during its construction and ea...
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ee59a4b3ae29e4e7c9f208226bd50b3c4ae6a7bc
dr. moran wrote, along with richard thompson and
dr. moran wrote, along with richard thompson and george swenson, a comprehensive graduate-level textbook on radio interferometry: interferometry and synthesis in radio astronomy, the third edition of which was published in 2017. it is an open-access book, available for free online.
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ba7e28e3839334d2c022cfcb5a8fd5f805fb1944
dr. moran is perhaps best known for his
dr. moran is perhaps best known for his vlbi studies of 22 ghz water maser emission from the nucleus of the galaxy ngc 4258 (m106). these observations provided compelling evidence of a supermassive black hole in the center of that galaxy, and a precise value for the black hole's mass. monitoring of the proper motion of...
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james moran is an american radio astronomer living
james moran is an american radio astronomer living in massachusetts, usa. he was a professor of astronomy at harvard university from 1989 through 2016, a senior radio astronomer at the smithsonian astrophysical observatory from 1981 through 2020 and the director of the submillimeter array during its construction and ea...
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irwin c. "gunny" gunsalus was an american biochemist
irwin c. "gunny" gunsalus was an american biochemist who discovered lipoic acid, a vitamin-like substance that has been used as a treatment for chronic liver disease, and pyridoxal phosphate, one of the active forms of vitamin b6. in his role as assistant secretary general at the united nations, he led the internationa...
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8986062acd8a82b292162777d4838dd6074fc922
gunsalus was elected to the american academy of
gunsalus was elected to the american academy of arts and sciences, the american academy of microbiology. he was also elected to the national academy of sciences, where he served as the chairman of the biochemistry section from 1978 to 1981. he was the founding editor of the journal biochemical and biophysical research ...
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655c9d37703e34dc78c70cd75c80b40a48ea8406
after retiring from the university of illinois in
after retiring from the university of illinois in 1982, gunsalus was named the founding director of the united nations international center for genetic engineering and biotechnology, which is responsible for increasing international cooperation in the development and use of genetic engineering and biotechnology in issu...
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3c0608c0cfa2803bf73e2cc22aa95c70a8129876
in february 1967, gunsalus was one of four
in february 1967, gunsalus was one of four scientists who delivered to president lyndon b. johnson a petition that had been signed by more than 5,000 scientists demanding an end to the use of biological and chemical weapons in vietnam. the petition included 17 nobel prize-winners and 127 members of the national academy...
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833c9a6acdc2f463c7af19e3ecd335474425cfd9
he also researched the way that soil microbes
he also researched the way that soil microbes exchange plasmids, giving the organisms the ability to adapt to differing nutritional substances available in their environment. gunsalus was a postdoctoral advisor to ananda mohan chakrabarty, who later used genetic engineering techniques for plasmid transfer to create mic...
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during the 1960s and 1970s, gunsalus studied cytochrome
during the 1960s and 1970s, gunsalus studied cytochrome p450, researching its role in metabolism in the human liver. his studies led to an understanding of how the family of p-450 proteins and their role in metabolizing natural and man-made compounds.
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8125b84a6cfefb0ea137cce79f2599fcc5c01b71
in the 1950s, while studying enterococcus, a lactic
in the 1950s, while studying enterococcus, a lactic acid bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract, gunsalus discovered various forms of lipoic acid, as well as pyridoxal phosphate, an active form of vitamin b, and was granted a patent in 1962 on lipoic acid. in further research, he discovered the role that lipoic a...
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fdc9437842231bdf45ba69c4c8a6c9dc76010d68
in 1950, he took a faculty position as
in 1950, he took a faculty position as professor of microbiology at the university of illinois at urbana-champaign, shifting his speciality in 1955 to head the biochemistry department until 1966. while there, he co-authored the bacteria: a treatise on structure and function with roger y. stanier, a five-volume work tha...
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gunsalus taught bacteriology from 1940 to 1947 at
gunsalus taught bacteriology from 1940 to 1947 at cornell university. there he studied issues of food safety and disease risk. from 1947 to 1950, he was a professor of bacteriology at indiana university. gunsalus was awarded a guggenheim fellowship in 1949 for his work on intermediary metabolism of microorganisms.
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6c5f3d255011e3b7c7bf42055866f0a4f3fe742c
gunsalus was born june 29, 1912, in sully
gunsalus was born june 29, 1912, in sully county, south dakota, at the homestead of his family farm. his father was killed in a threshing machine accident before gunsalus started college. he attended south dakota state university before transferring to cornell university, where he studied bacteriology, earning a bachel...
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c24edca74abea63c509450d6fe2affef4dc4583d
irwin c. "gunny" gunsalus (june 29, 1912 –
irwin c. "gunny" gunsalus (june 29, 1912 – october 25, 2008) was an american biochemist who discovered lipoic acid, a vitamin-like substance (an enzyme cofactor) that has been used as a treatment for chronic liver disease, and pyridoxal phosphate, one of the active forms of vitamin b. in his role as assistant secretary...
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8abd354306123aee632641a18d4569dc73e4f38f
interstate 195 (i-195) is a 4.42-mile-long (7.11 km)
interstate 195 (i-195) is a 4.42-mile-long (7.11 km) auxiliary interstate highway connecting i-95, its parent route, in the west with miami beach in the east. it crosses biscayne bay by traveling over the julia tuttle causeway. the causeway is named after miami founder julia tuttle. it is part of the longer state road ...
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