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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
3b664af2140ded0228ba0738fba42a668fd84847	middleton or middleton-by-wirksworth is an upland village and	middleton or middleton-by-wirksworth is an upland village and civil parish lying approximately one mile nnw of wirksworth, derbyshire, england. middleton was, in 1086, a berewick (a supporting farm) of the town and manor of wirksworth. middleton was formerly known for its lead mines and high quality limestone quarries,...	wikipedia
4820d2ced16692a02acb5e8f09acd306ed7c949b	in enzymology, a benzoyl-coa 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a benzoyl-coa 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: the 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-coa, nadph, h+, and o2, whereas its 3 products are 3-hydroxybenzoyl-coa, nadp+, and h2o. this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired d...	wikipedia
ce09ce0ce9ee9466091d57b462fc54accb5fbfa2	this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with o2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. the oxygen incorporated need not be derived from o2 with nadh or nadph as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. the systematic ...	wikipedia
e57a5559cb13189821fbc9e74f5a0767b0ec7365	petr klíma was a czech professional ice hockey	petr klíma was a czech professional ice hockey forward. he played in the national hockey league for the detroit red wings, edmonton oilers, tampa bay lightning, los angeles kings, and the pittsburgh penguins between 1985 and 1999. internationally klíma played for the czechoslovak national team at the 1983, winning silv...	wikipedia
eac5bee41052aec4ce7f64140de94fb5329f6a02	klíma's father joseph was also a hockey player,	klíma's father joseph was also a hockey player, who played internationally for czechoslovakia. klíma was married, and with his wife irina had twin sons, kelly and kevin. both kelly and kevin are hockey players, and signed one-year contracts with the tucson roadrunners of the american hockey league in 2018. at the time ...	wikipedia
ccc793a94d2b7ef9cf1620667d4ef5c8d77f45ac	although he was one of detroit's bigger stars	although he was one of detroit's bigger stars in the late 1980s, klíma was also a problem for the red wings management. that situation came to a head during training camp on 23 september 1988, when detroit suspended klíma indefinitely, along with bob probert, for breaking team rules. at the time of the suspension, the ...	wikipedia
48376ef2981a363a5a5e51cb9ffc51afec652a93	klíma played four full seasons with the wings	klíma played four full seasons with the wings (from 1985 until 1989) before being traded during the 1989–90 season to the oilers (along with joe murphy, adam graves, and jeff sharples) for jimmy carson, kevin mcclelland, and a fifth round draft pick in the 1991 nhl entry draft. klima scored the game-winning goal in the...	wikipedia
a8ccdbf19e140fb02ad805c17cb2a7afd16f5671	it was later revealed that plans to get	it was later revealed that plans to get klíma out of czechoslovakia reached back as far as the 1984 world junior championships, held in sweden, when detroit scout alex davidson secretly met with klíma in december 1983. klíma told davidson he would not consider defecting until he had completed his military duty (so as n...	wikipedia
414d4f67b7b1a6e0871f3955edf91c1a394629b5	klima's bold move was entirely orchestrated by the	klima's bold move was entirely orchestrated by the red wings, who knew that klíma was eager to play in north america. after his defection was planned, klíma ditched his czechoslovak national teammates during a team meal at the czechoslovak training camp in nußdorf am inn, west germany, to join wings executive vice-pres...	wikipedia
664f7c826d0521c12d960f5f196c64f17cc3fb51	by the time klíma was 20 years old,	by the time klíma was 20 years old, officials on his hc dukla jihlava team knew that the detroit red wings were eager to bring the young star to the nhl. rumors were rampant that the wings were trying to pay off czechoslovak authorities to get klíma out of his native country, but despite all the hype that surrounded hi...	wikipedia
dc6d819e845b6ec7d93c07c8a54604e20a26dbc0	petr klíma (23 december 1964 – 4 may	petr klíma (23 december 1964 – 4 may 2023) was a czech professional ice hockey forward. he played in the national hockey league for the detroit red wings, edmonton oilers, tampa bay lightning, los angeles kings, and the pittsburgh penguins between 1985 and 1999. internationally klíma played for the czechoslovak nationa...	wikipedia
cb2ac660d2e0239ab7d3e2d64709eae59059cad2	in enzymology, a benzoyl-coa reductase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a benzoyl-coa reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction the 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-coa, reduced acceptor, atp, and h2o, whereas its 4 products are cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-coa, acceptor, adp, and phosphate. this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, spe...	wikipedia
50a69c824539f112c2bf35906e73176e4e62710b	this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the ch-ch group of donor with other acceptors. the systematic name of this enzyme class is cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-coa:acceptor oxidoreductase (aromatizing, atp-forming). this enzyme is also called benzoyl-coa reductase (dearomati...	wikipedia
90d6df54eafe9a01ed0ed89512b6f76b02ee6b42	the 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-coa,	the 4 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-coa, reduced acceptor, atp, and h o, whereas its 4 products are cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-coa, acceptor, adp, and phosphate.	wikipedia
02ec89ddaa6f91e3a2e0bad522bdf846ac095282	alder was born in duisburg, prussia, in september	alder was born in duisburg, prussia, in september 1925, to jewish parents, a chemist and a homemaker. after the nazis came to power, the family moved to zurich, switzerland. fearing an invasion by nazi germany after the outbreak of world war ii, the family applied for a visa to the united states, which was granted in 1...	wikipedia
1bdf40f05300d04509aed13a607e06f61cabc5f3	hudson grew up playing hockey in his hometown	hudson grew up playing hockey in his hometown of guelph, ontario before advancing to major junior hockey with the hamilton steelhawks and sudbury wolves. hudson played for seven nhl teams. at the age of 30 hudson traveled overseas to play in the deutsche eishockey liga for the adler mannheim settling there for two year...	wikipedia
a71517ade6b7dc4f6df6b35ee13f696b31c52c99	in enzymology, a 6'-deoxychalcone synthase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a 6'-deoxychalcone synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction the 4 substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-coa, 4-coumaroyl-coa, nadph, and h+, whereas its 5 products are coa, isoliquiritigenin, co2, nadp+, and h2o. deoxychalcone synthase catalyzed activity is involved in the biosynthesis ...	wikipedia
0d3a05d7e7a1421d6bf2d391bb9a3672c3a5fa81	this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. the systematic name of this enzyme class is malonyl-coa:4-coumaroyl-coa malonyltransferase (cyclizing, reducing).	wikipedia
2f371a291f7246b832a78e3de477c66912a45dbd	the 4 substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-coa,	the 4 substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-coa, 4-coumaroyl-coa, nadph, and h, whereas its 5 products are coa, isoliquiritigenin, co, nadp, and h o. deoxychalcone synthase catalyzed activity is involved in the biosynthesis of retrochalcone and certain phytoalexins in the cells of glycyrrhiza echinata (russian licorice...	wikipedia
aac3e776d3cce1e79bac56382af9ca3361e70ad1	in computational complexity theory, a branch of computer	in computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, schaefer's dichotomy theorem, proved by thomas jerome schaefer, states necessary and sufficient conditions under which a finite set s of relations over the boolean domain yields polynomial-time or np-complete problems when the relations of s are used to ...	wikipedia
4476296a5835e8396436974ba286e1db2721cdab	it is called a dichotomy theorem because the	it is called a dichotomy theorem because the complexity of the problem defined by s is either in p or is np-complete, as opposed to one of the classes of intermediate complexity that is known to exist by ladner's theorem. special cases of schaefer's dichotomy theorem include the np-completeness of sat and its two popul...	wikipedia
71e4435a0d537d39b0d4a83b43bffb4f0b5f0d13	for larger domains, a necessary condition for polynomial-time	for larger domains, a necessary condition for polynomial-time satisfiability was given by bulatov and dalmau. let Γ be a finite constraint language over the boolean domain. if the problem #csp(Γ) is computable in polynomial time, then Γ has a mal'tsev operation as a polymorphism. otherwise, the problem #csp(Γ) is #p-co...	wikipedia
86f57ff3e7ce82b7acfa4de270c2c73e90dfda3f	for larger domains, a necessary condition for polynomial-time	, the existence of a mal'tsev polymorphism for Γ is an insufficient condition for the tractability of #csp(Γ). however, the absence of a mal'tsev polymorphism for Γ implies the #p-hardness of #csp(Γ).	wikipedia
024eefe3b8cb7a28edfbb8a9e69d01237e0eaf2e	if the problem is to count the number	if the problem is to count the number of solutions, which is denoted by #csp(Γ), then there is a similar result for the binary domain by creignou and hermann. specifically, a finite set of relations s over the boolean domain defines a polynomial time computable satisfiability problem if every relation in s is equivalen...	wikipedia
e5418935fcf1e4248a1ccb3830d323cdd7f4e9d2	the analysis was later fine-tuned: csp(Γ) is either	the analysis was later fine-tuned: csp(Γ) is either solvable in co-nlogtime, l-complete, nl-complete, ⊕l-complete, p-complete or np-complete, and given Γ, one can decide in polynomial time which of these cases holds.	wikipedia
bf7e6a09b94ae3788ec8ca98c52ade277e2a32a6	given a set Γ of relations, pol (Γ)	given a set Γ of relations, pol (Γ) denotes the set of polymorphisms of Γ.conversely, if o is a set of operations, then inv (o) denotes the set of relations having all operations in o as a polymorphism. pol and inv together form an antitone galois connection.for any finite set Γ of relations over a finite domain, ≪Γ≫ =...	wikipedia
4c6a37244d949e79137ad76bbf905282da2d59b9	a relation r is called primitive positive definable,	a relation r is called primitive positive definable, or short pp-definable, from aset Γ of relations if r (v,..., v) ⇔ ∃ x... x. c holds for some conjunction c of constraints from Γ and equations over the variables { v,..., v, x,..., x }.for example, if Γ consists of the ternary relation nae (x, y, z) holding if x, y, ...	wikipedia
5b1c8063c16ed7b77353606d07abf804da8e3622	this modern understanding uses algebra, in particular, universal	this modern understanding uses algebra, in particular, universal algebra. for schaefer's dichotomy theorem, the most important concept in universal algebra is that of a polymorphism. an operation f: d m → d {\displaystyle f:d^{m}\to d} is a polymorphism of a relation r ⊆ d k {\displaystyle r\subseteq d^{k}} if, for any...	wikipedia
7779ff42e65cbf71db84f83cd3ed5fb061bcb60f	a modern, streamlined presentation of schaefer's theorem is	a modern, streamlined presentation of schaefer's theorem is given in an expository paper by hubie chen. in modern terms, the problem sat(s) is viewed as a constraint satisfaction problem over the boolean domain. in this area, it is standard to denote the set of relations by Γ and the decision problem defined by Γ as cs...	wikipedia
709b1098ecc4c2bbfc06abd96ce5dfe29feb94ee	schaefer identifies six classes of sets of boolean	schaefer identifies six classes of sets of boolean relations for which sat(s) is in p and proves that all other sets of relations generate an np-complete problem. a finite set of relations s over the boolean domain defines a polynomial-time computable satisfiability problem if any one of the following conditions holds:	wikipedia
7b72ba8d8ed77544d6ddce6eb273f0a5a61f1cc4	schaefer defines a decision problem that he calls	schaefer defines a decision problem that he calls the generalized satisfiability problem for s (denoted by sat(s)), where s = { r 1, …, r m } {\displaystyle s=\{r_{1},\ldots,r_{m}\}} is a finite set of relations over the binary domain { 0, 1 } {\displaystyle \{0,1\}}. an instance of the problem is an s -formula, i.e. a...	wikipedia
961fa04418a41fe7d4658ef784d705940904e03e	special cases of schaefer's dichotomy theorem include the	special cases of schaefer's dichotomy theorem include the np-completeness of sat (the boolean satisfiability problem) and its two popular variants 1-in-3 sat and not-all-equal 3sat (often denoted by nae-3sat). in fact, for these two variants of sat, schaefer's dichotomy theorem shows that their monotone versions (where...	wikipedia
7168977bc6267a99286fa266568398e724d68219	in computational complexity theory, a branch of computer	in computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, schaefer's dichotomy theorem, proved by thomas jerome schaefer, states necessary and sufficient conditions under which a finite set s of relations over the boolean domain yields polynomial-time or np-complete problems when the relations of s are used to ...	wikipedia
0028efcc5d1bde0a17a724a1be9baa98338537c9	the mind projection fallacy is an informal fallacy	the mind projection fallacy is an informal fallacy first described by physicist and bayesian philosopher e. t. jaynes. in a first, "positive" form, it occurs when someone thinks that the way they see the world reflects the way the world really is, going as far as assuming the real existence of imagined objects. that is...	wikipedia
85aeaa6440f77dda9b7974f11a49a840e77533f1	once one has grasped the idea, one sees	once one has grasped the idea, one sees the mind projection fallacy everywhere; what we have been taught as deep wisdom, is stripped of its pretensions and seen to be instead a foolish non sequitur. the error occurs in two complementary forms, which we might indicate thus: (a) (my own imagination) → (real property of n...	wikipedia
25003dc3807c2069f5a9222c6489fc504750486a	n studying probability theory, it was vaguely troubling	n studying probability theory, it was vaguely troubling to see reference to "gaussian random variables", or "stochastic processes", or "stationary time series", or "disorder", as if the property of being gaussian, random, stochastic, stationary, or disorderly is a real property, like the property of possessing mass or ...	wikipedia
6aeceb7846413bc5cf333655713ad995da8fba8f	the mind projection fallacy is an informal fallacy	the mind projection fallacy is an informal fallacy first described by physicist and bayesian philosopher e. t. jaynes. in a first, "positive" form, it occurs when someone thinks that the way they see the world reflects the way the world really is, going as far as assuming the real existence of imagined objects. that is...	wikipedia
942be063c6e92c43572904637113a87c07d96be8	the 2021–22 atlantic hockey season was the 19th	the 2021–22 atlantic hockey season was the 19th season of play for atlantic hockey and took place during the 2021–22 ncaa division i men's ice hockey season. the regular season began on october 2, 2021, and concluded on february 26, 2022. the conference tournament began in march, 2022 and concluded with american intern...	wikipedia
d033f16de801e32bbd8dd93d931b3b4b69869e1c	as a whole, atlantic hockey had a poor	as a whole, atlantic hockey had a poor record against other conferences. while two programs ended with even marks in the regular season, no league member had a winning record in non-conference play. on aggregate, atlantic hockey posted losing records against every conference with the exception of ecac hockey.	wikipedia
2a31dac9a0982457fc5dea49a64236ade1d6e59d	of the sixteen teams that are selected to	of the sixteen teams that are selected to participate in the ncaa tournament, ten will be via at-large bids. those 10 teams are determined based upon the pairwise rankings. the rankings take into account all games played but are heavily affected by intra-conference results. the result is that teams from leagues which p...	wikipedia