Split (1)

train · 485k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
06e806791b9098495e8072a0ace5fd50c0f754b4	at the same time, any linear connection Γ	at the same time, any linear connection Γ {\displaystyle \gamma } defines a principal adapted connection Γ g {\displaystyle \gamma ^{g}} on a lorentz reduced subbundle f g x {\displaystyle f^{g}x} by its restriction to a lorentz subalgebra of a lie algebra of a general linear group g l (4, r) {\displaystyle gl(4,\mathb...	wikipedia
54973da5d87fadd1e5ad601729dea24cd0277dd4	a metric connection is associated to a principal	a metric connection is associated to a principal connection on a lorentz reduced subbundle f g x {\displaystyle f^{g}x} of the frame bundle f x {\displaystyle fx} corresponding to a section g {\displaystyle g} of the quotient bundle f x / s o (1, 3) → x {\displaystyle fx/so(1,3)\to x}. restricted to metric connections,...	wikipedia
07e912c620d9476e04ddd020030662f2bc4eeb5c	due to this splitting, metric-affine gravitation theory possesses	due to this splitting, metric-affine gravitation theory possesses a different collection of dynamic variables which are a pseudo-riemannian metric, a non-metricity tensor and a torsion tensor. as a consequence, a lagrangian of metric-affine gravitation theory can contain different terms expressed both in a curvature of...	wikipedia
674072d3933f3f00d11f2329de6aaaf5096f3fea	it is associated to a principal connection on	it is associated to a principal connection on the principal frame bundle f x {\displaystyle fx} of frames in the tangent spaces to x {\displaystyle x} whose structure group is a general linear group g l (4, r) {\displaystyle gl(4,\mathbb {r})}. consequently, it can be treated as a gauge field. a pseudo-riemannian metri...	wikipedia
25ce2365cd8c7325318d2a53648fb17ba5482b70	metric-affine gravitation theory straightforwardly comes from gauge gravitation	metric-affine gravitation theory straightforwardly comes from gauge gravitation theory where a general linear connection plays the role of a gauge field. let t x {\displaystyle tx} be the tangent bundle over a manifold x {\displaystyle x} provided with bundle coordinates (x μ, x ˙ μ) {\displaystyle (x^{\mu },{\dot {x}}...	wikipedia
ee0add6bb254aac16e310a048f71fd83952bce89	in comparison with general relativity, dynamic variables of	in comparison with general relativity, dynamic variables of metric-affine gravitation theory are both a pseudo-riemannian metric and a general linear connection on a world manifold x {\displaystyle x}. metric-affine gravitation theory has been suggested as a natural generalization of einstein–cartan theory of gravity w...	wikipedia
c251a24ecfa52d06aed231021d4965af3ce96e85	park was selected by daejeon citizen as a	park was selected by daejeon citizen as a draft player for the 2011 k-league season. park earned a yellow card on his professional debut, in daejeon's loss in gyeongnam fc in a 2011 k-league cup group match. park made his league debut the following week, against daegu fc.	wikipedia
28c9282ffe72fb4b16246b5ed437729df228c709	adrian robert krainer is a uruguayan-american biochemist and	adrian robert krainer is a uruguayan-american biochemist and molecular geneticist known for his research into rna gene-splicing. he helped create a drug for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. krainer holds the st. giles foundation professorship at cold spring harbor laboratory in laurel hollow, new york.	wikipedia
09ae74e22e420d4c6b56d46f0dabe4b1a52a7bfe	in 2021 krainer received the wolf prize in	in 2021 krainer received the wolf prize in medicine. in 2019 he was awarded a breakthrough prize in life sciences for his contributions to the understanding of the rna gene-splicing process and, in collaboration with fellow prize laureate dr. frank bennet of ionis pharmaceuticals, the development of medical interventio...	wikipedia
17175ef611e00219e47200ba09855bef8e9e68de	from 1986 to 1989, krainer conducted postdoctoral research	from 1986 to 1989, krainer conducted postdoctoral research as the first cold spring harbor fellow at the cold spring harbor laboratory. krainer worked as an assistant professor from 1989 to 1990, associate professor from 1990 to 1994, and professor since 1994. krainer is a faculty member of the graduate programs in gen...	wikipedia
8e475437165f3af3f998dd113c0ed3bd7872322d	krainer was born in montevideo, uruguay to a	krainer was born in montevideo, uruguay to a jewish family of hungarian and romanian descent. he has one older brother, who is a chemical engineer. his father did forced labor for two years in a romanian labor camp (ferma alba) during world war ii. after the war, his father's original surname, kreiner changed to kraine...	wikipedia
28c9282ffe72fb4b16246b5ed437729df228c709	adrian robert krainer is a uruguayan-american biochemist and	adrian robert krainer is a uruguayan-american biochemist and molecular geneticist known for his research into rna gene-splicing. he helped create a drug for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. krainer holds the st. giles foundation professorship at cold spring harbor laboratory in laurel hollow, new york.	wikipedia
246102cd582c13a4d10f2426894f93ee9a30504b	an active fluid is a densely packed soft	an active fluid is a densely packed soft material whose constituent elements can self-propel. examples include dense suspensions of bacteria, microtubule networks or artificial swimmers. these materials come under the broad category of active matter and differ significantly in properties when compared to passive fluids...	wikipedia
e839e5252e398491449d6aa396ba5bff7dfd04a9	a few technological applications for active fluids have	a few technological applications for active fluids have been proposed such as powering of molecular motors through active turbulence and patterned state. furthermore, given the innumerable applications liquid crystals find in various technologies, there have been proposals to augment them by using active liquid crystal...	wikipedia
363094e748cac11e337e5ddc3bcd3d4851cfde49	the mechanism behind the formation of various structures	the mechanism behind the formation of various structures in active fluids is an area of active research. it is well understood that the structure formation in active fluids is intimately related to defects or disclinations in the order parameter field (the orientational order of the constituent agents). an important pa...	wikipedia
a06b38f127c264bf985a2f4523b9176f3ccb29a7	chaotic states exhibited by active fluids are termed	chaotic states exhibited by active fluids are termed as active turbulence. such states are qualitatively similar to hydrodynamic turbulence, by virtue of which they are termed active turbulence. but recent research has indicated that the statistical properties associated with such flows are quite different from that of...	wikipedia
645d2f158a90eb3a7dafff86b2c742f1e99bee5b	active fluids have been shown to organize into	active fluids have been shown to organize into regular and irregular lattices in a variety of settings. these include irregular hexagonal lattices by microtubules and regular vortex lattice by sperm cells. from topological considerations, it can be seen that the constituent element in quasi stationary states of active ...	wikipedia
fa47353f5baeaed5fbaaff88d293e8dccb891e1d	there are wide range of cellular and intracellular	there are wide range of cellular and intracellular elements which form active fluids. this include systems of microtubule, bacteria, sperm cells as well as inanimate microswimmers. it is known that these systems form a variety of structures such as regular and irregular lattices as well as seemingly random states in tw...	wikipedia
1cf694d41fc5adf9b265fef061602ae034bf6152	the terms “active fluids”, “active nematics ” and	the terms “active fluids”, “active nematics ” and “active liquid crystals ” have been used almost synonymously to denote hydrodynamic descriptions of dense active matter. while in many respects they describe the same phenomenon, there are subtle differences between them. “active nematics” and “active liquid crystals” r...	wikipedia
0d6768bf9e132e7f880a8765745c4bd0720c82f6	an active fluid is a densely packed soft	an active fluid is a densely packed soft material whose constituent elements can self-propel. examples include dense suspensions of bacteria, microtubule networks or artificial swimmers. these materials come under the broad category of active matter and differ significantly in properties when compared to passive fluids...	wikipedia
1bca171b1975ac0a449dcfde36579950c9b2e204	he received his bsc from australian national university.	he received his bsc from australian national university. he obtained an ma from princeton university. he completed his phd at princeton university in 1989, under jim sauls, with a thesis entitled: nonlinear interaction of zero sound with the order parameter collective modes in superfluid 3he-b.	wikipedia
1973528ace50f837a7dc252d5b62a6fe27177fe7	mckenzie works on quantum many-body theory of complex	mckenzie works on quantum many-body theory of complex materials ranging from organic superconductors to biomolecules to rare-earth oxide catalysts. he is critical of claims that quantum effects are significant in understanding the function of biomolecules. he is author of a blog, "condensed concepts: ruminations on eme...	wikipedia
97f6a9455c8eea7ee925cb4caa37213b298ed9c5	methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon	methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by burning organic compounds at very high temperatures. methylcholanthrene is also known as 3-methylcholanthrene, 20-methylcholanthrene or the iupac name 3-methyl-1,2-dyhydrobenzo[j]aceanthrylene. the short notation often used is 3-mc ...	wikipedia
62f53746ce8ab2e63b506ae0cfbdd8bd401492ee	the administration of 3-mc to pregnant mice results	the administration of 3-mc to pregnant mice results in the formation of lung tumors in the offspring. miller et al. (1990) compared the effects of fetal versus adult exposure to 3-mc on both induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) activity in lung and dependence of lung tumorigenesis on the ah genotype. a singl...	wikipedia
2d68af9f1bcb6a6a0c28f6d3ec466775ac354cdf	3-mc is mutagenic to human cells. curren et	3-mc is mutagenic to human cells. curren et al. (1978) were the first to report successfully induced mutations in human cells with 3-mc. skin epithelial cells are thought to metabolize the compound to mutagenic products. the ability to metabolize mutagens may express genetically regulated differences within a species s...	wikipedia
25a0f0e2c888ece13ebb0ce45ec98f947e492b60	3-mc is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon	3-mc is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), which stimulates transcription directed by xenobiotic response elements. ahr ligands can induce formation of an ahr-estrogen receptor (er) complex. 3-mc was found to elicit estrogenic activity by this mechanism, and by stimulation of the expression of some endoge...	wikipedia
16f6b7dad348c46f2ceec03291661059c0edfa32	methylcholanthrene is often used to induce tumors in	methylcholanthrene is often used to induce tumors in rodents for carcinogenesis and mutagenesis research. in a study from 1991, lung precancerous and cancerous lesions were induced in wistar rats by one intrabronchial injection of 3-mc. after 30 days, atypical hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium, adenoid hyperplasia ...	wikipedia
28ede7d9a2093823a0adb0968cb4cc556ba0a976	mc is metabolized by rat liver microsomes into	mc is metabolized by rat liver microsomes into oxygenated forms which alkylate dna. these oxygenated metabolites bind to double-stranded and single-stranded. empirical data show that mc tends to bind mostly to g-bases8. when injected in lung, kidney or liver tissue of rats, it appears that the liver is able to reverse ...	wikipedia
dbf66a6843a6240160855ccd06974a677dd67504	research on the effect of 3-mc in rat	research on the effect of 3-mc in rat uteri concludes that 3-mc acts as an estrogen antagonist. the sexhormone is, like 3-mc, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. 3-mc and estrogen bind to estrogenreceptors competitively, reducing the estrogen expression.	wikipedia
183794df4fe936330268132d791a467d0a91627b	there appears to be an equilibrium in 3-mc-free	there appears to be an equilibrium in 3-mc-free and 3-mc-bound. it is hard to determine how when the equilibrium is formed due to difficulties with radioactive measurements. a probable saturating dose is thought to be around 40 mg 3-mc/kg.	wikipedia
cef6203c3a614bd09f3fec2a500b1bf70da7b314	a possible mechanism for this reaction is depicted	a possible mechanism for this reaction is depicted in figure (2). 3-mc is metabolized, via epoxidation, hydrolysis and another epoxidation, to a very reactive epoxide. epoxidations are realized by the enzyme cytochrome p450. the second epoxide is not hydrolysed immediately because it is localized next to a bay region, ...	wikipedia
e460a51ba9393f10ce026340703f426476452d2f	3-mc has an inhibitory function in a dimethylnitrosamine	3-mc has an inhibitory function in a dimethylnitrosamine demethylase process in rat livers. inhibition could happen on by interfering in demethylase conformations or by interfering in synthesis and/or degradation of demethylase. experiments showed that the km doesn't change after 3-mc treatment. this strongly indicates...	wikipedia
fb29a2d3333f28590ab32cb77bfa752c20449871	first 3-mc was synthesized with the method of	first 3-mc was synthesized with the method of reference. later the synthesis of the compound was improved. the synthesis of 3-mc consists of a few steps, visualized in figure 1; the first step is the key to success for the synthesis. 4-methylindanone (1) reacts in condensation with lithium salt of n,n-diethyl-1-naphtha...	wikipedia
f2880368913aeb351f57797198c01053554d0065	in 1933, the first article about methylcholanthrene was	in 1933, the first article about methylcholanthrene was published. here they described the synthesis of the compound. not many years later, it became clear that this compound had toxic properties to humans and animals. therefore, a lot of interest was shown in the compound and it was used often in toxicological researc...	wikipedia
ee221bea7971fc3a62292bc106023d1d68113523	methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon	methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by burning organic compounds at very high temperatures. methylcholanthrene is also known as 3-methylcholanthrene, 20-methylcholanthrene or the iupac name 3-methyl-1,2-dyhydrobenzoaceanthrylene. the short notation often used is 3-mc or ...	wikipedia
09c4dcd78bc816e7e514c334794537adfd7a5296	in cryptography, a round or round function is	in cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated (iterated) multiple times inside the algorithm. splitting a large algorithmic function into rounds simplifies both implementation and cryptanalysis. for example, encryption using an oversimplified three-round cipher can be written as ...	wikipedia
649dd31c041ddff865967e5015220a6a7f194cb8	cryptanalysis techniques include the use of versions of	cryptanalysis techniques include the use of versions of ciphers with fewer rounds than specified by their designers. since a single round is usually cryptographically weak, many attacks that fail to work against the full version of ciphers will work on such reduced-round variants. the result of such attack provides val...	wikipedia
dd9cbe81c059f70ec1cabfb32711a47d22e3da74	many lightweight ciphers utilize very simple key scheduling:	many lightweight ciphers utilize very simple key scheduling: the round keys come from adding the round constants to the encryption key. a poor choice of round constants in this case might make the cipher vulnerable to invariant attacks; ciphers broken this way include scream and midori64.	wikipedia
9fef1b0c78f5370365302f7a179255ca1f61244f	inserting round-dependent constants into the encryption process breaks	inserting round-dependent constants into the encryption process breaks the symmetry between rounds and thus thwarts the most obvious slide attacks. the technique is a standard feature of most modern block ciphers. however, a poor choice of round constants or unintended interrelations between the constants and other cip...	wikipedia
491b17783efcfa7bf30071a992789267e0c6543e	for some feistel-like cipher descriptions, notably the one	for some feistel-like cipher descriptions, notably the one of the rc5, a term " half-round " is used to define the transformation of part of the data (a distinguishing feature of the feistel design). this operation corresponds to a full round in traditional descriptions of feistel ciphers (like des).	wikipedia