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638502bbc9fc7c604b1fd2f91b3822dd09d5283a | x k = ∑ n = 0 n | x k = ∑ n = 0 n − 1 x n sin k = 0, …, n − 1 {\displaystyle x_{k}=\sum _{n=0}^{n-1}x_{n}\sin \left\quad \quad k=0,\dots,n-1} | wikipedia |
1f712b549444500c10e8aaf0795b76507f793384 | some authors further multiply the x term by | some authors further multiply the x term by √ 2 (see above for the corresponding change in dst-ii). this makes the dst-iii matrix orthogonal (up to a scale factor), but breaks the direct correspondence with a real-odd dft of half-shifted output. | wikipedia |
73221ebc8657263db34d8822a42f9c4c9573dffe | x k = (− 1) k 2 x | x k = (− 1) k 2 x n − 1 + ∑ n = 0 n − 2 x n sin k = 0, …, n − 1 {\displaystyle x_{k}={\frac {(-1)^{k}}{2}}x_{n-1}+\sum _{n=0}^{n-2}x_{n}\sin \left\quad \quad k=0,\dots,n-1} | wikipedia |
ff1c2defcfe512aa7c194ce48401afdf893e96b6 | some authors further multiply the x term by | some authors further multiply the x term by 1/ √ 2 (see below for the corresponding change in dst-iii). this makes the dst-ii matrix orthogonal (up to a scale factor), but breaks the direct correspondence with a real-odd dft of half-shifted input. | wikipedia |
638502bbc9fc7c604b1fd2f91b3822dd09d5283a | x k = ∑ n = 0 n | x k = ∑ n = 0 n − 1 x n sin k = 0, …, n − 1 {\displaystyle x_{k}=\sum _{n=0}^{n-1}x_{n}\sin \left\quad \quad k=0,\dots,n-1} | wikipedia |
f337f9cecbf7e793c3ff8f443384887628062a9e | a dst-i is exactly equivalent to a dft | a dst-i is exactly equivalent to a dft of a real sequence that is odd around the zero-th and middle points, scaled by 1/2. for example, a dst-i of n =3 real numbers (a, b, c) is exactly equivalent to a dft of eight real numbers (0, a, b, c,0, − c, − b, − a) (odd symmetry), scaled by 1/2. (in contrast, dst types ii–iv i... | wikipedia |
843864197839a96ee070c0c2769066d4f4ce89cf | formally, the discrete sine transform is a linear, | formally, the discrete sine transform is a linear, invertible function f : r -> r (where r denotes the set of real numbers), or equivalently an n × n square matrix. there are several variants of the dst with slightly modified definitions. the n real numbers x,..., x are transformed into the n real numbers x,..., x acco... | wikipedia |
6ded09c51bc257b1265be0b360a78ee66750a064 | these different boundary conditions strongly affect the applications | these different boundary conditions strongly affect the applications of the transform, and lead to uniquely useful properties for the various dct types. most directly, when using fourier-related transforms to solve partial differential equations by spectral methods, the boundary conditions are directly specified as a p... | wikipedia |
902408fe811ef093a0572ab5b74a12f68f649f3c | these choices lead to all the standard variations | these choices lead to all the standard variations of dsts and also discrete cosine transforms (dcts). each boundary can be either even or odd (2 choices per boundary) and can be symmetric about a data point or the point halfway between two data points (2 choices per boundary), for a total of 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16 {\displa... | wikipedia |
134e116899289fbf89f346bd3e2967f19c36d063 | however, because dsts operate on finite, discrete sequences, | however, because dsts operate on finite, discrete sequences, two issues arise that do not apply for the continuous sine transform. first, one has to specify whether the function is even or odd at both the left and right boundaries of the domain (i.e. the min- n and max- n boundaries in the definitions below, respective... | wikipedia |
1dbe119ed02de02a3722d4c6679ef76648305202 | the fourier-related transforms that operate on a function | the fourier-related transforms that operate on a function over a finite domain, such as the dft or dst or a fourier series, can be thought of as implicitly defining an extension of that function outside the domain. that is, once you write a function f (x) {\displaystyle f(x)} as a sum of sinusoids, you can evaluate tha... | wikipedia |
9f2ab479f5556c1e9353326ebf3319363407d814 | like any fourier-related transform, discrete sine transforms (dsts) | like any fourier-related transform, discrete sine transforms (dsts) express a function or a signal in terms of a sum of sinusoids with different frequencies and amplitudes. like the discrete fourier transform (dft), a dst operates on a function at a finite number of discrete data points. the obvious distinction between... | wikipedia |
420537e4a1e0726f4d74915ffa9c1e4a4953cdd8 | the dst is related to the discrete cosine | the dst is related to the discrete cosine transform (dct), which is equivalent to a dft of real and even functions. see the dct article for a general discussion of how the boundary conditions relate the various dct and dst types. generally, the dst is derived from the dct by replacing the neumann condition at x =0 with... | wikipedia |
fc9abf1588637952fc8f49b695af11c77b256950 | in mathematics, the discrete sine transform (dst) is | in mathematics, the discrete sine transform (dst) is a fourier-related transform similar to the discrete fourier transform (dft), but using a purely real matrix. it is equivalent to the imaginary parts of a dft of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with odd symmetry (since the fourier transform of a real ... | wikipedia |
1f1ec7cd7c364b9b72419d121af92d74caa7cad1 | vaine wilton ivie was an american arachnologist, who | vaine wilton ivie was an american arachnologist, who described hundreds of new species and many new genera of spiders, both under his own name and in collaboration with ralph vary chamberlin. he was employed by the american museum of natural history in new york. he also was a supporter of the technocracy movement. | wikipedia |
3b5e34c0ecbb784e0390a9a53109f319d0b29c2a | he was a member of technocracy from 1937, | he was a member of technocracy from 1937, serving on the staff at chq as director of publications. he was the author of comments on the news which appeared monthly in technocratic trendevents, and wrote numerous articles, some under the pseudonym techno critic, in addition to the numerous articles under his own name. | wikipedia |
ff8de50402bdc51ce2ae57d4e33385ba864007fb | ivie published many texts of information on spiders, | ivie published many texts of information on spiders, often with chamberlin, for example, new tarantulas from the southwestern states, 1939, and new spiders from mexico and panama, in which species described or mentioned include aphonopelma iodius, aphonopelma moderatum, aphonopelma radinum, aphonopelma vorhiesi and bra... | wikipedia |
64325816fa9c5058126ea10e8d722b6b54481115 | wilton ivie was born in eureka, utah on | wilton ivie was born in eureka, utah on march 28, 1907. he attended the university of utah earning a bsc in 1930 and an msc in 1932, working under ralph v. chamberlin. he remained at utah as an instructor in zoology from 1932 to 1947, during which time he continued to work on spiders. | wikipedia |
b1db5b6a0366c8a20ee32cc729596ee05a0ec2bc | vaine wilton ivie (march 28, 1907 – august | vaine wilton ivie (march 28, 1907 – august 8, 1969) was an american arachnologist, who described hundreds of new species and many new genera of spiders, both under his own name and in collaboration with ralph vary chamberlin. he was employed by the american museum of natural history in new york. he also was a supporter... | wikipedia |
da22268541854ece392f735b46d4f6152cf1adf9 | nanoparticle tracking analysis (nta) is a method for | nanoparticle tracking analysis (nta) is a method for visualizing and analyzing particles in liquids that relates the rate of brownian motion to particle size. the rate of movement is related only to the viscosity and temperature of the liquid; it is not influenced by particle density or refractive index. nta allows the... | wikipedia |
19df1b9512f32e9c3f6ca7754974713cd171269d | nta and related technologies were developed by bob | nta and related technologies were developed by bob carr. along with john knowles, carr founded nanosight ltd in 2003. this united kingdom -based company, of which knowles is the chairman and carr is the chief technology officer, manufactures instruments that use nta to detect and analyze small particles in industrial a... | wikipedia |
14f60487e3473ccaaa9d77b6ffc5e185b6c4dc99 | in contrast, dls does not visualize the particles | in contrast, dls does not visualize the particles individually but analyzes, using a digital correlator, the time dependent scattering intensity fluctuations. these fluctuations are caused by interference effects arising from the relative brownian movements of an ensemble of a large number of particles within a sample.... | wikipedia |
2ab5671199cfaed10f8212b7c6f5bc29873b890f | interferometric nanoparticle tracking analysis (inta) is the next | interferometric nanoparticle tracking analysis (inta) is the next generation of nta technology. it is based on interferometric scattering microscopy (iscat), which enhances the signal of weak scatterers. in contrast to nta, inta has a superior resolution based on a two-parameter analysis, including the size and the sca... | wikipedia |
f24722d85c30a3eb07fa248c2967d8b3d37ab276 | nta has been used by commercial, academic, and | nta has been used by commercial, academic, and government laboratories working with nanoparticle toxicology, drug delivery, exosomes, microvesicles, bacterial membrane vesicles, and other small biological particles, virology and vaccine production, ecotoxicology, protein aggregation, orthopedic implants, inks and pigme... | wikipedia |
c63b8c33ff406d9e8c886d24b355a4e36d63c372 | nta currently operates for particles from about 10 | nta currently operates for particles from about 10 to 1000 nm in diameter, depending on particle type. analysis of particles at the lowest end of this range is possible only for particles composed of materials with a high refractive index, such gold and silver. the upper size limit is restricted by the limited brownian... | wikipedia |
1111fe3b4cff666466ee796aabaac19f4688bb7e | the technique is used in conjunction with an | the technique is used in conjunction with an ultramicroscope and a laser illumination unit that together allow small particles in liquid suspension to be visualized moving under brownian motion. the light scattered by the particles is captured using a ccd or emccd camera over multiple frames. computer software is then ... | wikipedia |
974b85e9d6c8bd551c2a9dc8654ea23b09e8d970 | nanoparticle tracking analysis (nta) is a method for | nanoparticle tracking analysis (nta) is a method for visualizing and analyzing particles in liquids that relates the rate of brownian motion to particle size. the rate of movement is related only to the viscosity and temperature of the liquid; it is not influenced by particle density or refractive index. nta allows the... | wikipedia |
98cf5cdf1610cca9bc1f3c7c3e4980d44e78b673 | earl barton gardner jr. was an american professional | earl barton gardner jr. was an american professional basketball player. a 6'3" forward from depauw university, gardner played one season which started as the baa and ended as the nba (1948–49) in the basketball association of america as a member of the minneapolis lakers. he averaged 1.8 points per game and was on the ... | wikipedia |
df6615975ce2a4f9c39dfa83d71ea91d42056fd2 | twice while at depauw, he was named little | twice while at depauw, he was named little all-american, he led the depauw tigers in scoring for three seasons, scoring 683 points. after his professional playing, he entered the high coaching ranks and spent 23 years as varsity basketball coach and 33 years as a guidance counselor and teacher. | wikipedia |
0426ec791fc40024c02464ae43f64c4e37cdfbfb | after leading the new market flyers to 3 | after leading the new market flyers to 3 consecutive county titles, he graduated valedictorian from new market high school in 1941. he attended wabash college for a while, and then enlisted in the u.s. navy where he became an ensign assigned to the uss cassin. in 1946, he enrolled at depauw university to complete his b... | wikipedia |
94efb94d73ff838fb69d54025af181936a237b14 | a 6'3" (1.90 m) forward from depauw university, | a 6'3" (1.90 m) forward from depauw university, gardner played one season which started as the baa and ended as the nba (1948–49) in the basketball association of america as a member of the minneapolis lakers. he averaged 1.8 points per game and was on the first team to win the nba world championship title. | wikipedia |
b5a809f0e4dd041ae81d632a954de241ef9f19f2 | the wuhan junshan yangtze river bridge is a | the wuhan junshan yangtze river bridge is a large cable-stayed bridge over the yangtze river. the bridge carries 6 lanes of traffic between the caidian district and the jiangxia district of wuhan, hubei. a concurrency of expressways go over the bridge: the g4 beijing–hong kong and macau expressway, the g50 shanghai–cho... | wikipedia |
99f019b270f39e16b762c7ed4142d617f8c97ca4 | the wuhan junshan yangtze river bridge is a | the wuhan junshan yangtze river bridge is a large cable-stayed bridge over the yangtze river. the bridge carries 6 lanes of traffic between the caidian district and the jiangxia district of wuhan, hubei. a concurrency of expressways go over the bridge: the g4 beijing–hong kong and macau expressway, the g50 shanghai–cho... | wikipedia |
f24e97a549dcf2d95da3d431a37eb2d73e6d06a1 | basavakalyana fort, earlier known as kalyana fort, is | basavakalyana fort, earlier known as kalyana fort, is located in bidar district in the indian state of karnataka. its historic importance is dated to the 10th century. the capital of chalukyas was also shifted from manyakheta to kalyana in the 10th century. the fort, integral to the basavakalyana town, is also famous a... | wikipedia |
e5c68cdccb90636f07534629b49fe66cbc6bab52 | basavakalyana is 90 kilometres (56 mi) from gulbarga | basavakalyana is 90 kilometres (56 mi) from gulbarga which is well connected by road and rail. it is about 650 kilometres (400 mi) from bangalore. it is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the south west of bidar.it is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) from hyderabad. | wikipedia |
05be2e8d9ae03fab8094e79155b333f6e7aa0361 | also seen within the fort precincts are: an | also seen within the fort precincts are: an empty pond with pillar of a fountain at the centre; a platform used during muharram prayers; two deep wells on the northeast and western sides with inclined ramps for the oxen or horses to draw water; secret narrow passages to underground chambers for emergency escape during ... | wikipedia |
6733e6549ee794d1d273bbb660554490d0405358 | the main door to the citadel is known | the main door to the citadel is known as the 'akhand darwaza' built with four red stone slabs. from the doorway, up a flight of steps is the passage to the rajmahal palace (mostly in ruins). however, the ceiling in the palace hall displays colourful designs. the central wall in the hall has patterns of vases and urns. ... | wikipedia |
d1bac60bdb9feecc43187c8072628ac06e481b82 | the fort has seven gates, out of which | the fort has seven gates, out of which five are in good shape. at the entrance to the fort, there is solid arch with balconies on the flanks accessed by series of steps on either side. the fort walls encircling the central courtyard have guard rooms, which are also combined with many bastions and mounted by cannons (so... | wikipedia |
aabb2acd1f41f7b0bf00826665675c27a22ad500 | in the kalyan or basvakalyan fort, as an | in the kalyan or basvakalyan fort, as an economy measure, the defences of the fort were built by inter-connecting large boulders scattered on the hills with strong fort walls. the fort was made defensively complex with guard rooms and barbicans, which was a novelty at that time. the fort consisted of three concentric i... | wikipedia |
e7ec5d3e0662fc1beb05672a5769108dd5a540e6 | the fort is strategically built as a defence | the fort is strategically built as a defence structure in a camouflaged setting, which is not discernible until the enemy is at close quarters of the fort. this gives advantage for the defence forces holed up in the fort to repulse enemy attacks. this strategy of locating the fort in naturally camouflaged locations was... | wikipedia |
cdde2d3fe9830d9e0d3741ec5dc140663707b0ca | jainism flourished during the rule of chalukyas. the | jainism flourished during the rule of chalukyas. the fort constructed by chalukya kings has a large number of jain images on the walls. the museum located, just adjoining the fort, has a number of jain idols, which belong to the 10th and 11th centuries. a jain temple now in ruins is also found here. | wikipedia |
c502811e79f0bb415f491003d98a65b3366b2381 | someshwara, poet bilhana of kashmir and vigyaneshwara were | someshwara, poet bilhana of kashmir and vigyaneshwara were in the court of vikramaditya ii at kalyana. in the 12th century basaveshwara who was the prime minister during the reign of king bijjala was responsible for starting a cultural revolution from here to remove the social evils of untouchability and end gender dis... | wikipedia |
df40802dd9f164b2be507a6a223903d1165759de | in 1310, the fort was attacked by mallil | in 1310, the fort was attacked by mallil kafur during his southern invasion. in the 16th century, vijayanagar emperor rama raya (1484–1565) traced his ancestry with the past chalukyan kingdom (974–1190) and also with this dynasty's capital, kalyana. he was also called the ‘lord of kalyana’, apart from being known as th... | wikipedia |
fca0a7674d7a3685e08f3257d2e4842734c0ba73 | in 1310, the fort was attacked by mallil | . in 1561, hussain of ahmadnagar again made an attempt to capture the fort but was trounced by raya and his ally adil shah i. but in the bargain, raya, because of his plunderous approach to the lands that he conquered after wars, antagonised the sultans of bijapur as well as ahmednagar. this resulted in the ultimate do... | wikipedia |
463ddcc647c822757ea44c218156d0274eb49409 | in fact, the bijjala deva (1130–1167) of the | in fact, the bijjala deva (1130–1167) of the kalachuri dynasty who was feudatory chief of the chalukyas from 1156 to 1168, overthrew the tailapa iii of the chalukya kingdom, killed the ruler and his entire chalukya family, and ruled for a short spell of 5 years, from 1163 to 1167, over the entire deccan and kalinga. he... | wikipedia |
8e271f4636c53dda7619aad21883cbcd62b48b14 | basavakalyana, with its fort as its headquarters, was | basavakalyana, with its fort as its headquarters, was the royal capital of the western chalukya (kalyani chalukya) dynasty from 1050 to 1195. someshvara i (1041–1068) made kalyana as his capital, recognised as kalyani chalukyas to differentiate with badami chalukyas. later it was ruled by someshvara ii, vikramaditya vi... | wikipedia |
637ae7738c1bc70624e26522fc1da6081c38270e | the later chalukyas, under tailapa ii (973–997 ce), | the later chalukyas, under tailapa ii (973–997 ce), defeated the rashtrakutas. they established their capital at kalyana, now renamed officially after indian independence in 1947, as basavakalyana in bidar district. during the kalyana chalukya's reign of taila ii itself, the fort was constructed in 973 by nalaraja. ins... | wikipedia |
efeae2a88df86d76cc027200aa6c633edc5d56bf | basavakalyana (known in the history as kalyana) with | basavakalyana (known in the history as kalyana) with its fort was the centre of a great social and religious movement, in the 12th century, because of basaveshwara, the social reformer. it became a seat of learning. basaveshwara, akka mahadevi, channabasavanna, siddarama and many more sharanas are associated with basav... | wikipedia |
933529556bb508b12c594ab878b448e77df6828b | basavakalyana fort, earlier known as kalyana fort, is | basavakalyana fort, earlier known as kalyana fort, is located in bidar district in the indian state of karnataka. its historic importance is dated to the 10th century. the capital of chalukyas was also shifted from manyakheta to kalyana in the 10th century. the fort, integral to the basavakalyana town, is also famous a... | wikipedia |
8ad79dccc8b513badbe309236b4978dd8c67903a | alexander gabriel holtz is a swedish professional ice | alexander gabriel holtz is a swedish professional ice hockey forward for the vegas golden knights of the national hockey league (nhl). he was selected seventh overall by the new jersey devils in the 2020 nhl entry draft. | wikipedia |
8d6a14d3a52e0c606ea5c5fec9f9fc3a6a7cbe42 | on 29 june 2024, during the 2024 nhl | on 29 june 2024, during the 2024 nhl entry draft, holtz and akira schmid were traded to the vegas golden knights in exchange for paul cotter and a third-round pick in 2025. | wikipedia |
f17e4dcfe2cf912e1d46e5c6695046aed9bc202e | holtz made the devils' nhl roster for the | holtz made the devils' nhl roster for the 2022–23 season but failed to retain a permanent roster spot, playing only 19 games with the devils and 14 with the comets. he scored his first nhl goal, the devils' first goal of the season, on 13 october 2022 against the philadelphia flyers. his first multi-point nhl game came... | wikipedia |
5802f0f2b170133e32b2a8e84cced503e5b1cca1 | holtz moved to north america permanently for the | holtz moved to north america permanently for the 2021–22 season. following the conclusion of the nhl pre-season, holtz was assigned to the ahl's utica comets, where he finished among the top rookie scorers, recording 26 goals and 51 points in 52 games. in one of a few brief stints with the devils, holtz scored his firs... | wikipedia |
795fe24914d98bf5a84710437ef3074102164df7 | in his first full season in the shl | in his first full season in the shl in the 2020–21 campaign, holtz appeared in a career-high 40 regular season games with djurgårdens if collecting seven goals and 11 assists to set new career mark of 18 points. after co-leading the club in postseason scoring with four points in three games, holtz signed a three-year, ... | wikipedia |
e2de54974ac02f9a5169e3fa2066cc3a4cb0ac24 | holtz began the 2019–20 season by playing with | holtz began the 2019–20 season by playing with djurgårdens if in the 2019–20 champions hockey league, a european ice hockey tournament. in the first game against polish gks tychy, holtz scored two goals. he recorded his first shl point in the league premiere on 14 september when assisting michael haga to the 1–1 equali... | wikipedia |
eeadd3b696e5c90615e694d5d570647b3cc1fd8f | holtz moved to djurgårdens if for the 2017–18 | holtz moved to djurgårdens if for the 2017–18 season to play in the club's junior teams. holtz made his professional debut in the swedish hockey league on 29 january 2019, in a home game against färjestad bk. at the conclusion of the j20 superelit regular season, holtz was the leading goal scorer with 30 goals in 38 ga... | wikipedia |
3d006be906b84ed1071d5961edf2620b9d28c943 | he was named for the stockholm south team | he was named for the stockholm south team in the national junior hockey tournament tv-pucken in 2017 and scored 6 goals and 10 points in 6 games. holtz was awarded the sven tumba award as the best forward of the tournament. | wikipedia |
4ddb21954d13064b1de52396d8ff70ff75d78e06 | he started his hockey career in boo if | he started his hockey career in boo if at a young age and has since childhood followed his big brother who also played hockey. his father was the coach of nacka hk at this time. holtz already made his debut as a 13-year-old in a junior context when he played in u16 with nacka/farsta foc and their u16 division 1 team du... | wikipedia |
a97243d8ae86dde7c10fb6feff4e0c57759c64d9 | holtz was born on 23 january 2002 in | holtz was born on 23 january 2002 in stockholm. his father, magnus holtz (born andersson), is a former ice hockey player who played two seasons for västerviks ik. he also has an older brother, david. as a youngster, holtz played several sports such as football, tennis, golf, and basketball, but eventually chose to bet ... | wikipedia |
beb4fb1cf2aca5c9170b1dfbe7aa4e6f82f39c85 | alexander gabriel holtz (born 23 january 2002) is | alexander gabriel holtz (born 23 january 2002) is a swedish professional ice hockey forward for the vegas golden knights of the national hockey league (nhl). he was selected seventh overall by the new jersey devils in the 2020 nhl entry draft. | wikipedia |
6a8f7cd7f534281dfd214e063a010d5ff48384a4 | 1780 kippes, provisional designation a906 ra, is an | 1780 kippes, provisional designation a906 ra, is an eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 12 september 1906, by astronomer august kopff at the heidelberg-königstuhl state observatory in southwest germany. the asteroid was named after ger... | wikipedia |
d0831f7bcb7008f05bc5417917b98112163f2ca6 | this minor planet was named after german catholic | this minor planet was named after german catholic priest and amateur astronomer otto kippes (1905–1994). he was a precise observer, acknowledged for his orbit calculations and identifications of hundreds of minor planets in widely separated oppositions. the official naming citation was published by the minor planet cen... | wikipedia |
e9418873ba1899591955377f9b0105c56d3c528b | according to the surveys carried out by the | according to the surveys carried out by the infrared astronomical satellite iras, the japanese akari satellite and the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, kippes measures between 25.77 and 31.262 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0966 and 0.143. | wikipedia |
5939c2899e9b73eb6d41236ed157855cc66c3a63 | in july 1984, a rotational lightcurve of kippes | in july 1984, a rotational lightcurve of kippes was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer richard p. binzel at the ctio and mcdonald observatory. lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 18.0 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.23 magnitude (u=2). | wikipedia |
0da9a6556ee06e0c39312c1e5e781ccd4318462e | kippes is a member the eos family (606), | kippes is a member the eos family (606), the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. it orbits the sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.2 au once every 5 years and 3 months (1,914 days). its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 9 ° with respe... | wikipedia |
6a8f7cd7f534281dfd214e063a010d5ff48384a4 | 1780 kippes, provisional designation a906 ra, is an | 1780 kippes, provisional designation a906 ra, is an eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 12 september 1906, by astronomer august kopff at the heidelberg-königstuhl state observatory in southwest germany. the asteroid was named after ger... | wikipedia |
d732584451b748805db7c8f96a5de586cdc755c2 | after five seasons with ska st. petersburg, capturing | after five seasons with ska st. petersburg, capturing his second gagarin cup title in the 2014–15 season, mårtensson agreed to a two-year contract with swiss club, hc lugano, on may 5, 2015. | wikipedia |
771b5f7ce8be2c88bbf2048a20c926abbb298e96 | mårtensson was drafted by the mighty ducks of | mårtensson was drafted by the mighty ducks of anaheim in the 2001 nhl entry draft in the 7th round as the 224th pick overall. he only played in six games with the mighty ducks during the 2003–04 season, scoring two points. since season 2004–05 he has played for linköpings hc in the swedish elite league elitserien. duri... | wikipedia |
986af4311a6974c5f792b36f6756cf61cb244438 | in cellular biology, paracrine signaling is a form | in cellular biology, paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling, a type of cellular communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells. signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance, as opposed to cell s... | wikipedia |
aa19b7bdb3ea375e07c144f4e54e6d66dfac5b4c | in mature organisms, paracrine signaling is involved in | in mature organisms, paracrine signaling is involved in responses to allergens, tissue repair, the formation of scar tissue, and blood clotting. histamine is a paracrine that is released by immune cells in the bronchial tree. histamine causes the smooth muscle cells of the bronchi to constrict, narrowing the airways. | wikipedia |
7e562409ee3e6394824d220aec2132d6c35149f9 | growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signaling | growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signaling agents. the local action of growth factor signaling plays an especially important role in the development of tissues. also, retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin a, functions in a paracrine fashion to regulate gene expression during embryonic development in... | wikipedia |
e476e2368cd76aabbf8fc57cd38b0467500079bd | the bmps bind to the bone morphogenetic protein | the bmps bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type ii (bmpr2). some of the proteins of the bmp family are bmp4 and bmp7. bmp4 promotes bone formation, causes cell death, or signals the formation of epidermis, depending on the tissue it is acting on. bmp7 is crucial for kidney development, sperm synthesis, an... | wikipedia |
96b8bc890f133df5be64b8a6355b2282d13b993c | members of the bmp family were originally found | members of the bmp family were originally found to induce bone formation, as their name suggests. however, bmps are very multifunctional and can also regulate apoptosis, cell migration, cell division, and differentiation. they also specify the anterior/posterior axis, induce growth, and regulate homeostasis. | wikipedia |
467fdd385ae4b344c39f056ea5e32c70e5daf24f | tgf-β1 stimulates the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin | tgf-β1 stimulates the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin and inhibits the degradation of the extracellular matrix. ultimately, it increases the production of extracellular matrix by epithelial cells. tgf-β proteins regulate epithelia by controlling where and when they branch to form kidney, lung, and salivary gland ... | wikipedia |
c7790fc86b2e64bd4fcde1c992427aaffe8e0d50 | this family includes tgf-β1, tgf-β2, tgf-β3, and tgf-β5. | this family includes tgf-β1, tgf-β2, tgf-β3, and tgf-β5. they are involved in positively and negatively regulation of cell division, the formation of the extracellular matrix between cells, apoptosis, and embryogenesis. they bind to tgf-β type ii receptor (tgfbrii). | wikipedia |
5f2de3052287f540fd4c376cd9650a8ca98f5667 | non-smad signaling proteins contribute to the responses of | non-smad signaling proteins contribute to the responses of the tgf-β pathway in three ways. first, non-smad signaling pathways phosphorylate the smads. second, smads directly signal to other pathways by communicating directly with other signaling proteins, such as kinases. finally, the tgf-β receptors directly phosphor... | wikipedia |
c414beb45972735ff2d0babeffa61a9692b55c08 | specific tgf-β ligands will result in the activation | specific tgf-β ligands will result in the activation of either the smad2/3 or the smad1/5 r-smads. for instance, when activin, nodal, or tgf-β ligand binds to the receptors, the phosphorylated receptor complex can activate smad2 and smad3 through phosphorylation. however, when a bmp ligand binds to the receptors, the p... | wikipedia |
d0263bc942f939fb5ada9e16432e506eafd85f94 | the tgf-β superfamily activates members of the smad | the tgf-β superfamily activates members of the smad family, which function as transcription factors. specifically, the type i receptor, activated by the type ii receptor, phosphorylates r-smads that then bind to the co-smad, smad4. the r-smad/co-smad forms a complex with importin and enters the nucleus, where they act ... | wikipedia |
ee38aea25ce6ff29ff75fe6abc5e3de2ca887df1 | the tgf-β pathway regulates many cellular processes in | the tgf-β pathway regulates many cellular processes in developing embryo and adult organisms, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and homeostasis. there are five kinds of type ii receptors and seven types of type i receptors in humans and other mammals. these receptors are known as "dual-specificity kina... | wikipedia |
95851af5987a5ed5f881e7d31bd4c31f32402883 | " tgf " (transforming growth factor) is a | " tgf " (transforming growth factor) is a family of proteins that includes 33 members that encode dimeric, secreted polypeptides that regulate development. many developmental processes are under its control including gastrulation, axis symmetry of the body, organ morphogenesis, and tissue homeostasis in adults. all tgf... | wikipedia |
eaebe63a368cd11371ae9db576b8ad46056a021b | the wnt signaling pathways are complex, involving many | the wnt signaling pathways are complex, involving many different elements, and therefore have many targets for misregulation. mutations that cause constitutive activation of the wnt signaling pathway lead to tumor formation and cancer. aberrant activation of the wnt pathway can lead to increase cell proliferation. curr... | wikipedia |
0044384938c3d13a576be22199ec23c0057215f5 | the noncanonical wnt/ca pathway regulates intracellular calcium levels. | the noncanonical wnt/ca pathway regulates intracellular calcium levels. again wnt binds and activates to frizzled. in this case however activated frizzled causes a coupled g-protein to activate a phospholipase (plc), which interacts with and splits pip into dag and ip. ip can then bind to a receptor on the endoplasmic ... | wikipedia |
c1944f37da79b5f3fa0d0934f5c9f2ba9928fc15 | the noncanonical pcp pathway regulates cell morphology, division, | the noncanonical pcp pathway regulates cell morphology, division, and movement. once again wnt proteins binds to and activates frizzled so that frizzled activates a dishevelled protein that is tethered to the plasma membrane through a prickle protein and transmembrane stbm protein. the active dishevelled activates rhoa... | wikipedia |
546494c031ef604bf5d93c579eb02f3b3fbdbb6b | the noncanonical wnt pathways provide a signal transduction | the noncanonical wnt pathways provide a signal transduction pathway for wnt that does not involve β-catenin. in the noncanonical pathways, wnt affects the actin and microtubular cytoskeleton as well as gene transcription. | wikipedia |
34a6e277e4ab39bacb4d487873d4cec9bdca1042 | in the canonical pathway, wnt proteins binds to | in the canonical pathway, wnt proteins binds to its transmembrane receptor of the frizzled family of proteins. the binding of wnt to a frizzled protein activates the dishevelled protein. in its active state the dishevelled protein inhibits the activity of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3) enzyme. normally active gs... | wikipedia |
109f48fec81973059f34cebded18430cac02f399 | the wnt protein family includes a large number | the wnt protein family includes a large number of cysteine -rich glycoproteins. the wnt proteins activate signal transduction cascades via three different pathways, the canonical wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity (pcp) pathway, and the noncanonical wnt/ca pathway. wnt proteins appear to control a wide ... | wikipedia |
a157d6e1c4dced7670e323869f514d1c57a37f4d | the hedgehog signaling pathway is critical in proper | the hedgehog signaling pathway is critical in proper tissue patterning and orientation during normal development of most animals. hedgehog proteins induce cell proliferation in certain cells and differentiations in others. aberrant activation of the hedgehog pathway has been implicated in several types of cancers, basa... | wikipedia |
1ecdfa6fadeb3e1628386e523e1475536f0900c2 | members of the hedgehog protein family act by | members of the hedgehog protein family act by binding to a transmembrane " patched " receptor, which is bound to the " smoothened " protein, by which the hedgehog signal can be transduced. in the absence of hedgehog, the patched receptor inhibits smoothened action. inhibition of smoothened causes the cubitus interruptu... | wikipedia |
8bee81c6b86a5880267ef4ef9aa870da20e422ee | the hedgehog protein family is involved in induction | the hedgehog protein family is involved in induction of cell types and the creation of tissue boundaries and patterning and are found in all bilateral organisms. hedgehog proteins were first discovered and studied in drosophila. hedgehog proteins produce key signals for the establishment of limb and body plan of fruit ... | wikipedia |
33ffbc2ad1e7f0b17e839e8e505e572b7807a8df | research on paracrine signaling through the jak-stat pathway | research on paracrine signaling through the jak-stat pathway revealed its potential in activating invasive behavior of ovarian epithelial cells. this epithelial to mesenchymal transition is highly evident in metastasis. paracrine signaling through the jak-stat pathway is necessary in the transition from stationary epit... | wikipedia |
c91ebc39b076b468580a057bf5f4f13c91ecc076 | the jak-stat signaling pathway is instrumental in the | the jak-stat signaling pathway is instrumental in the development of limbs, specifically in its ability to regulate bone growth through paracrine signaling of cytokines. however, mutations in this pathway have been implicated in severe forms of dwarfism: thanatophoric dysplasia (lethal) and achondroplasic dwarfism (via... | wikipedia |
edecd0cabdd620c4aae3342994396ecce54cc705 | after dimerization of the cytokine receptors following ligand | after dimerization of the cytokine receptors following ligand binding, the jaks transphosphorylate each other. the resulting phosphotyrosines attract stat proteins. the stat proteins dimerize and enter the nucleus to act as transcription factors to alter gene expression. in particular, the stats transcribe genes that a... | wikipedia |
aacb26e6e73d883b17f99634446ec5b53122470c | in addition to rtk pathway, fibroblast growth factors | in addition to rtk pathway, fibroblast growth factors can also activate the jak-stat signaling pathway. instead of carrying covalently associated tyrosine kinase domains, jak-stat receptors form noncovalent complexes with tyrosine kinases of the jak (janus kinase) class. these receptors bind are for erythropoietin (imp... | wikipedia |
40257d6df8c021b0f6771d6ed15179d337698690 | research on thyroid cancer has elucidated the theory | research on thyroid cancer has elucidated the theory that paracrine signaling may aid in creating tumor microenvironments. chemokine transcription is upregulated when ras is in the gtp-bound state. the chemokines are then released from the cell, free to bind to another nearby cell. paracrine signaling between neighbori... | wikipedia |
6591ec9e0661818c1434de804c2dc11da28d9db9 | paracrine signaling of growth factors between nearby cells | paracrine signaling of growth factors between nearby cells has been shown to exacerbate carcinogenesis. in fact, mutant forms of a single rtk may play a causal role in very different types of cancer. the kit proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand is a paracrine protein called stem cell factor (s... | wikipedia |
b1a37a122a396b5125ef9b6a60e9c090d58e1b22 | an adaptor protein (such as sos) recognizes the | an adaptor protein (such as sos) recognizes the phosphorylated tyrosine on the receptor. this protein functions as a bridge which connects the rtk to an intermediate protein (such as gnrp), starting the intracellular signaling cascade. in turn, the intermediate protein stimulates gdp-bound ras to the activated gtp-boun... | wikipedia |
5ef41c1ef30c23a0de664759fe20fbd0ccb0b1b6 | binding of fgf to fgfr phosphorylates the idle | binding of fgf to fgfr phosphorylates the idle kinase and activates the rtk pathway. this pathway begins at the cell membrane surface, where a ligand binds to its specific receptor. ligands that bind to rtks include fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factors, platelet-derived growth factors, and stem cell fact... | wikipedia |
3ad1827686285bd43aac94a5cba3f36e20ba5e9d | additionally, paracrine signaling of fgf is essential in | additionally, paracrine signaling of fgf is essential in the developing eye of chicks. the fgf 8 mrna becomes localized in what differentiates into the neural retina of the optic cup. these cells are in contact with the outer ectoderm cells, which will eventually become the lens. | wikipedia |
184e94019019d94b473900bb91ad1199a5ee3315 | one of the most important functions of the | one of the most important functions of the fgf receptors (fgfr) is in limb development. this signaling involves nine different alternatively spliced isoforms of the receptor. fgf 8 and fgf 10 are two of the critical players in limb development. in the forelimb initiation and limb growth in mice, axial (lengthwise) cues... | wikipedia |
165b80d7f9ed340b8d1942b9559cd0a6ee2b2384 | although the fgf family of paracrine factors has | although the fgf family of paracrine factors has a broad range of functions, major findings support the idea that they primarily stimulate proliferation and differentiation. to fulfill many diverse functions, fgfs can be alternatively spliced or even have different initiation codons to create hundreds of different fgf ... | wikipedia |
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