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ee0ae75683831a7ae274796f49b5a5b3082c1c78 | 1993–94 season was not a successful one. for | 1993–94 season was not a successful one. for the first time in 8 years, beşiktaş finished the league outside of the top two while Özdilek had a quiet year comparing to his high standards and netted 8 goals. the sole consolation of the year was another turkish cup added to the club's trophy cabinet. next year saw the ar... | wikipedia |
20f2ca1d8cba691181400316d1b3197694f991c8 | in Özdilek's first year beşiktaş have won the | in Özdilek's first year beşiktaş have won the turkish cup and came second in the league. the following years proved to be even more successful for the team. under gordon milne 's helm, beşiktaş's young outfit started to dominate turkish football in a way which was unprecedented before. in the 1988–89 season beşiktaş cl... | wikipedia |
81e0f84078b25fef2f4637e3c7126c005fa97ac5 | born in samsun, Özdilek started to play at | born in samsun, Özdilek started to play at the amateur level with his hometown outfit samsun ladikspor. while he was only 16, he was scouted and picked up by kahramanmaraşspor, a team which has freshly promoted to the second-tier of turkish football. Özdilek managed to make an immediate impact on his new team and becam... | wikipedia |
112903cca5befaf9120629045e2e9c7b3f64805d | for 13 years, beşiktaş has worn his form. | for 13 years, beşiktaş has worn his form. in 1991, he won the footballer of the year award in turkey. he took part in the squad which was the "undefeated champion" in 1992. with 130 goals it is the domestic midfielder who scored the most points of the süper lig in all time. he also scored 100 goals and entered the 100s... | wikipedia |
dbf4a9350926d85813377d4affad0bb515e961b3 | having spent most of his professional career with | having spent most of his professional career with beşiktaş, he is regarded as one of the idols of the İstanbul side. Özdilek is one of the most prolific scorers of turkish football despite playing mainly in midfield. during his beşiktaş days he has managed to score 130 goals which was a record for most goals scored by ... | wikipedia |
73f231611d44296852f863d845ec069788ff36fa | mehmet " Şifo " Özdilek (born 1 april | mehmet " Şifo " Özdilek (born 1 april 1966, in samsun) is a turkish football manager and former player. he is nicknamed "Şifo" after belgian star enzo scifo with whom he shared a similar playing style. | wikipedia |
60b9a8db013732e6c02f41c6af15fa77be10ab5a | in july 2018, bahn moved to hallescher fc. | in july 2018, bahn moved to hallescher fc. he made his competitive debut for the club on 28 july 2018 in a 2–0 away defeat to his former club, zwickau. he scored his first competitive goal for the club on 11 august 2018 in a 2–0 home victory over 1. fc kaiserslautern. his goal, scored in the 19th minute, came from the ... | wikipedia |
e19546ece1b94c8b9f1dd81f1263cd941681f51f | in september 2017, bahn was signed by 3. | in september 2017, bahn was signed by 3. liga club fsv zwickau. he made his competitive debut for the club on 8 september 2017 in a 2–0 away victory over preußen münster. he scored his first competitive goal for the club on 23 september 2017 in a 1–0 home victory over werder bremen ii. he scored in the 86th minute. | wikipedia |
4d004e816b39375b45e4b9e761dbc8ce4a71243e | in june 2016, bahn joined 3. liga club | in june 2016, bahn joined 3. liga club fsv frankfurt on a two-year contract, arriving alongside christopher schorch. he made his competitive debut for the club on 30 july 2016 in a 1–1 away draw with holstein kiel. he scored his first competitive goal for the club on 16 october 2016 in a 6–0 home victory over fortuna k... | wikipedia |
356e714707c888e690aa2fc2f019deceaa5f560b | in january 2015 he joined 3. liga side | in january 2015 he joined 3. liga side stuttgarter kickers on a permanent basis, signing a contract until 2017. his previous club, fc st. pauli, though secured themselves a return option for summer 2016. he made his league debut for the club on 28 february 2015 in a 2–0 away victory over fortuna köln. he was subbed in ... | wikipedia |
e2e0968ba4afbdea9a8fd52139836517c30e48e5 | stephen michael gionta is an american former professional | stephen michael gionta is an american former professional ice hockey centre. he played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the new jersey devils and new york islanders. gionta is the younger brother of brian gionta, who played for the devils from 2001 to 2009. | wikipedia |
aa29bb8a357b7a4c14580fcb47460fd675456cb3 | on october 13, 2018, gionta returned to the | on october 13, 2018, gionta returned to the islanders, signing a one-year, two-way contract. he featured in five games with the islanders, going scoreless before he was assigned to play out the remainder of his contract in a return to the bridgeport sound tigers. | wikipedia |
797288a1b55a79dff095768423efab6a133ce23c | after 11 seasons with the devils, gionta's association | after 11 seasons with the devils, gionta's association with the club ended as he was out of contract to become a free agent. unsigned over the following summer, gionta accepted a professional try-out contract to attend the new york islanders ' training camp on september 12, 2016. at the end of training camp, he signed ... | wikipedia |
bc7a8e133b22e98955507a9bc86ff73ad8b68d02 | on april 12, 2012, gionta scored his first | on april 12, 2012, gionta scored his first career nhl goal. the goal, which was the game-winning goal, was scored against craig anderson of the ottawa senators. the devils won the game 4–2, while gionta received first star honors of the game. during the 2012 postseason, gionta skated in 24 games with the devils, record... | wikipedia |
cdb50c4ff2528b4cf1134764ae479d243b910ef7 | after spending the next few seasons in the | after spending the next few seasons in the minor leagues, gionta was called up by the devils during the 2010-11 season. he made his debut on november 5, 2010 in a 3–0 loss to the new york rangers. gionta went scoreless in 12 games for the devils that season. | wikipedia |
aeaacaf6634b3bea2b7035aaa8839b52875b47fa | gionta was not drafted by any team. however, | gionta was not drafted by any team. however, after graduating from boston college he signed an amateur tryout agreement with the albany river rats. the river rats were the american hockey league (ahl) affiliate of the new jersey devils, the team in which his older brother brian was a member of. gionta made his professi... | wikipedia |
d81785fd7879b7ad7d7cbd4439f9bfe1e5a38e5d | stephen michael gionta (born october 9, 1983) is | stephen michael gionta (born october 9, 1983) is an american former professional ice hockey centre. he played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the new jersey devils and new york islanders. gionta is the younger brother of brian gionta, who played for the devils from 2001 to 2009. | wikipedia |
6f6c33519c1209cfaf1ac9965581232d30ab380a | on 16 march 2016, zhangylyshbay signed a 1-year | on 16 march 2016, zhangylyshbay signed a 1-year contract, with the option of a second year, with fc aktobe. on 5 july 2016, zhangylyshbay left aktobe by mutual consent, signing for fc zhetysu the following day. | wikipedia |
b6b760b145a1eb90f05069af8e88dfece79f9046 | toktar sabituly zhangylyshbay (kazakh: Тоқтар Сәбитұлы Жанғылышбай; born | toktar sabituly zhangylyshbay (kazakh: Тоқтар Сәбитұлы Жанғылышбай; born 25 may 1993) is a kazakh footballer who plays as a forward for kaisar. | wikipedia |
3d99b7403fc0525e4abbdbf07d6d4b1c9708a969 | if a statistical procedure ordinarily compares distributions in | if a statistical procedure ordinarily compares distributions in terms of the determinants of variance-covariance matrices then, in the case of singular matrices, this comparison can be undertaken by using a combination of the ranks of the matrices and their pseudo-determinants, with the matrix of higher rank being coun... | wikipedia |
1421a54f23f30f83a98e93d3e8a348423e7dc03d | supposing rank (a) = k {\displaystyle \operatorname {rank} | supposing rank (a) = k {\displaystyle \operatorname {rank} (a)=k}, so that k is the number of non-zero singular values, we may write a = p p † {\displaystyle a=pp^{\dagger }} where p {\displaystyle p} is some n -by- k matrix and the dagger is the conjugate transpose. the singular values of a {\displaystyle a} are the s... | wikipedia |
a58c16537dffa46ce038c2c4073f9b7d1b0a7572 | if a {\displaystyle a} is positive semi-definite, then | if a {\displaystyle a} is positive semi-definite, then the singular values and eigenvalues of a {\displaystyle a} coincide. in this case, if the singular value decomposition (svd) is available, then | a | + {\displaystyle |\mathbf {a} |_{+}} may be computed as the product of the non-zero singular values. if all singula... | wikipedia |
14436590ed7c392e1411a4328a2d8982251256c5 | if pdet > 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pdet} >0}, | if pdet > 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pdet} >0}, the transformation is sense-preserving (rotation) whereas if the pdet < 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pdet} <0}, the transformation is sense-preserving (reflection). | wikipedia |
44679e0878cd5b25d65545898120bbbf5daee96b | the vahlen matrix of a conformal transformation, the | the vahlen matrix of a conformal transformation, the möbius transformation (i.e. (a x + b) (c x + d) − 1 {\displaystyle (ax+b)(cx+d)^{-1}} for a, b, c, d ∈ g (p, q) {\displaystyle a,b,c,d\in {\mathcal {g}}(p,q)}), is defined as = {\displaystyle ={\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}}}. by the pseudo-determinant of the ... | wikipedia |
cc409d1ceed8deb37e5168cd85133deb39fec081 | the zlob trojan, identified by some antiviruses as | the zlob trojan, identified by some antiviruses as trojan.zlob, is a trojan horse which masquerades as a required video codec in the form of activex. it was first detected in late 2005, but only started gaining attention in mid-2006. once installed, it displays popup ads which appear similar to real microsoft windows w... | wikipedia |
d4d48873aa0750bf88f0dcaf286a7471338fb97c | the group that created zlob has also created | the group that created zlob has also created a mac trojan with similar behaviors (named rsplug). some variants of the zlob family, like the so-called " dnschanger ", add rogue dns name servers to the registry of windows-based computers and attempt to hack into any detected router to change the dns settings, potentially... | wikipedia |
1d3ee5d59cfbb3bcf020650cca4ca300b4ecec6a | project honeypot spam domains list (phsdl) tracks and | project honeypot spam domains list (phsdl) tracks and catalogs spam domains. some of the domains on the list are redirects to porn sites and various video watching sites that show a number of online videos. playing videos on these sites activates a request to download an activex codec which is malware. it prevents the ... | wikipedia |
29585af73099ffc0e8268b01f420486be4c9d2be | the trojan has also been linked to downloading | the trojan has also been linked to downloading atnvrsinstall.exe which uses the windows security shield icon to look as if it is an anti-virus installation file from microsoft. having this file run can wreak havoc on computers and networks. one typical symptom is random computer shutdowns or reboots with random comment... | wikipedia |
3618c8edad589f9e0c68191e4adc9dc66c08ade3 | once installed, it displays popup ads which appear | once installed, it displays popup ads which appear similar to real microsoft windows warning popups, informing the user that their computer is infected with spyware. clicking these popups triggers the download of a fake anti-spyware program (such as virus heat and ms antivirus (antivirus 2009)) in which the trojan hors... | wikipedia |
96f2c37c59d6bf02977888de4e7d6ec908e49454 | the zlob trojan, identified by some antiviruses as | the zlob trojan, identified by some antiviruses as trojan.zlob, is a trojan horse which masquerades as a required video codec in the form of activex. it was first detected in late 2005, but only started gaining attention in mid-2006. | wikipedia |
e0231cc663c3f3c68a21bd5d22e197c19fc8c943 | microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes | microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye. there are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of x-ray microscopy. optical microscopy and electron micr... | wikipedia |
ef1963fd175e37f07d486f99f35ded961aa4ab83 | this diversity of the types of microscopes in | this diversity of the types of microscopes in forensic applications comes mainly from their magnification ranges, which are (1- 1200x), (50 -30,000x) and (500- 250,000x) for the optical microscopy, sem and tem respectively. | wikipedia |
bef8b185b71e2eb07c729ef5ac58503680ad7eb6 | in the late 1800s, amateur microscopy became a | in the late 1800s, amateur microscopy became a popular hobby in the united states and europe. several 'professional amateurs' were being paid for their sampling trips and microscopic explorations by philanthropists, to keep them amused on the sunday afternoon (e.g., the diatom specialist a. grunow, being paid by (among... | wikipedia |
1bfdc25c29d5b0c8726f1aeae031d298f4490143 | while microscopy is a central tool in the | while microscopy is a central tool in the documentation of biological specimens, it is often insufficient to justify the description of a new species based on microscopic investigations alone. often genetic and biochemical tests are necessary to confirm the discovery of a new species. a laboratory and access to academi... | wikipedia |
30d92856029abc6aab56294299fe75815b76ceb0 | amateur microscopy is the investigation and observation of | amateur microscopy is the investigation and observation of biological and non-biological specimens for recreational purposes. collectors of minerals, insects, seashells, and plants may use microscopes as tools to uncover features that help them classify their collected items. other amateurs may be interested in observi... | wikipedia |
e35b27fa46d9730e09ccccd876a4a42bcdf2f0b2 | where λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the wavelength | where λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the wavelength of the excitation laser and na is the numerical aperture of the objective lens. the abbe diffraction limit holds if the incoming wave front is parallel. in reality, however, the laser beam profile is gaussian. therefore, in order to the calculate the achievable resolut... | wikipedia |
8288613261c8076b66088e4cd873bcd651df8c6a | here Γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the grüneisen | here Γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the grüneisen coefficient, e l a s e r {\displaystyle e_{laser}} is the laser's photon energy and e g {\displaystyle e_{g}} is the sample's band gap energy. therefore, photoacoustic microscopy seems well suited as a complementary technique to fluorescence microscopy, as a high fluoresc... | wikipedia |
a226d9ef4cdf3ae06db6e98550e3d8c5d3ebd93f | p a ∝ α ∗ Γ ∗ ((1 | p a ∝ α ∗ Γ ∗ ((1 − η f l) ∗ e g + (e l a s e r − e g)) {\displaystyle pa\propto \alpha *\gamma *((1-\eta _{fl})*e_{g}+(e_{laser}-e_{g}))} | wikipedia |
a5200e9f02463d40529b7ef69659d49a4f2ef576 | the image contrast is related to the sample's | the image contrast is related to the sample's absorption coefficient α {\displaystyle \alpha }. this is in contrast to bright or dark field microscopy, where the image contrast is due to transmittance or scattering. in principle, the contrast of fluorescence microscopy is proportional to the sample's absorption too. ho... | wikipedia |
bbedc20cc3fd4c5f8c8a9f41a62eb60edd34c290 | a microscopy technique relying on the photoacoustic effect, | a microscopy technique relying on the photoacoustic effect, i.e. the generation of (ultra)sound caused by light absorption.a focused and intensity modulated laser beam is raster scanned over a sample. the generated (ultra)sound is detected via an ultrasound transducer. commonly piezoelectric ultrasound transducers are ... | wikipedia |
3c78041fc6291a53a135a48826c08586d132ab22 | high-intensity, short-pulse laboratory x-ray lasers have been under | high-intensity, short-pulse laboratory x-ray lasers have been under development for several years. when this technology comes to fruition, it will be possible to obtain magnified three-dimensional images of elementary biological structures in the living state at a precisely defined instant. for optimum contrast between... | wikipedia |
be238ed7114775ee4a505116202fc6403c404299 | laser microscopy is a rapidly growing field that | laser microscopy is a rapidly growing field that uses laser illumination sources in various forms of microscopy. for instance, laser microscopy focused on biological applications uses ultrashort pulse lasers, in a number of techniques labeled as nonlinear microscopy, saturation microscopy, and two-photon excitation mic... | wikipedia |
af877cb45d616f66c8008cc6d02e9755d9a35132 | digital pathology is an image-based information environment enabled | digital pathology is an image-based information environment enabled by computer technology that allows for the management of information generated from a digital slide. digital pathology is enabled in part by virtual microscopy, which is the practice of converting glass slides into digital slides that can be viewed, ma... | wikipedia |
b7ed4764ccb229dc406c377e11a42c216c7c8ae0 | a unique feature of dhm is the ability | a unique feature of dhm is the ability to adjust focus after the image is recorded, since all focus planes are recorded simultaneously by the hologram. this feature makes it possible to image moving particles in a volume or to rapidly scan a surface. another attractive feature is the ability of dhm to use low cost opti... | wikipedia |
16d60ea2a4955276dc856b7c43ad62d5a7bd7389 | dhm can operate both in reflection and transmission | dhm can operate both in reflection and transmission mode. in reflection mode, the phase shift image provides a relative distance measurement and thus represents a topography map of the reflecting surface. in transmission mode, the phase shift image provides a label-free quantitative measurement of the optical thickness... | wikipedia |
4671d1e0e1d45df33a3f04849cd29d343f23ec87 | in digital holographic microscopy (dhm), interfering wave fronts | in digital holographic microscopy (dhm), interfering wave fronts from a coherent (monochromatic) light-source are recorded on a sensor. the image is digitally reconstructed by a computer from the recorded hologram. besides the ordinary bright field image, a phase shift image is created. | wikipedia |
8e5e863b168eb17dd6b3cd95573bee82a83fec74 | ir versions of sub-diffraction microscopy also exist. these | ir versions of sub-diffraction microscopy also exist. these include ir near-field scanning optical microscope (nsom), photothermal microspectroscopy and atomic force microscope based infrared spectroscopy (afm-ir), as well as scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-snom) & nano-ftir that provide nanos... | wikipedia |
634baf1ea6eebe58b72117cb0f76b1f1e5f86100 | the term infrared microscopy refers to microscopy performed | the term infrared microscopy refers to microscopy performed at infrared wavelengths. in the typical instrument configuration, a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ftir) is combined with an optical microscope and an infrared detector. the infrared detector can be a single point detector, a linear array or a 2d foc... | wikipedia |
bc494d929a41c3e1f64f2e0a3ece200892771f2c | ultraviolet microscopes have two main purposes. the first | ultraviolet microscopes have two main purposes. the first is to use the shorter wavelength of ultraviolet electromagnetic energy to improve the image resolution beyond that of the diffraction limit of standard optical microscopes. this technique is used for non-destructive inspection of devices with very small features... | wikipedia |
e30da46bab6325f9aa110a843656f24a34fe2b73 | ultrasonic force microscopy allows the local mapping of | ultrasonic force microscopy allows the local mapping of elasticity in atomic force microscopy by the application of ultrasonic vibration to the cantilever or sample. to analyze the results of ultrasonic force microscopy in a quantitative fashion, a force-distance curve measurement is done with ultrasonic vibration appl... | wikipedia |
1f8343f9184c5c585901b6f8e5f452acb350b66d | ultrasonic force microscopy (ufm) has been developed in | ultrasonic force microscopy (ufm) has been developed in order to improve the details and image contrast on "flat" areas of interest where afm images are limited in contrast. the combination of afm-ufm allows a near field acoustic microscopic image to be generated. the afm tip is used to detect the ultrasonic waves and ... | wikipedia |
77da4445eb3b091ad8554a3f55adbcd5460b0687 | this is a sub-diffraction technique. examples of scanning | this is a sub-diffraction technique. examples of scanning probe microscopes are the atomic force microscope (afm), the scanning tunneling microscope, the photonic force microscope and the recurrence tracking microscope. all such methods use the physical contact of a solid probe tip to scan the surface of an object, whi... | wikipedia |
33b4ea6c99e8111b864bc23e245ea2e610219d7b | until the invention of sub-diffraction microscopy, the wavelength | until the invention of sub-diffraction microscopy, the wavelength of the light limited the resolution of traditional microscopy to around 0.2 micrometers. in order to gain higher resolution, the use of an electron beam with a far smaller wavelength is used in electron microscopes. | wikipedia |
6047f3900ea8b94da362072fb4771c504743113d | the creation of accurate micrographs requires a microscopical | the creation of accurate micrographs requires a microscopical technique using a monocular eyepiece. it is essential that both eyes are open and that the eye that is not observing down the microscope is instead concentrated on a sheet of paper on the bench besides the microscope. with practice, and without moving the he... | wikipedia |
58b0f17a51f6ed87178e85c1318120d2be5b5141 | most modern instruments provide simple solutions for micro-photography | most modern instruments provide simple solutions for micro-photography and image recording electronically. however such capabilities are not always present and the more experienced microscopist may prefer a hand drawn image to a photograph. this is because a microscopist with knowledge of the subject can accurately con... | wikipedia |
9a9e706aedf19f16cea171a4bd983dbf59b7ed40 | serial time encoded amplified microscopy (steam) is an | serial time encoded amplified microscopy (steam) is an imaging method that provides ultrafast shutter speed and frame rate, by using optical image amplification to circumvent the fundamental trade-off between sensitivity and speed, and a single-pixel photodetector to eliminate the need for a detector array and readout ... | wikipedia |
199e1caff811e2194fa69423247241afaf2a1f03 | this is mostly achieved by imaging a sufficiently | this is mostly achieved by imaging a sufficiently static sample multiple times and either modifying the excitation light or observing stochastic changes in the image. the deconvolution methods described in the previous section, which removes the psf induced blur and assigns a mathematically 'correct' origin of light, a... | wikipedia |
56f100b1c8730b6c66d359fee23e226f1aa6b425 | where n is the additive noise. knowing this | where n is the additive noise. knowing this point spread function means that it is possible to reverse this process to a certain extent by computer-based methods commonly known as deconvolution microscopy. there are various algorithms available for 2d or 3d deconvolution. they can be roughly classified in nonrestorativ... | wikipedia |
d636ea2d8d1897b0d74231959d020eaf6d159d16 | however, blurring is not caused by random processes, | however, blurring is not caused by random processes, such as light scattering, but can be well defined by the optical properties of the image formation in the microscope imaging system. if one considers a small fluorescent light source (essentially a bright spot), light coming from this spot spreads out further from ou... | wikipedia |
80cc2b2e38972a295861ba5c50cf6b6dca6df302 | fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to show | fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to show specifically labeled structures within a complex environment and to provide three-dimensional information of biological structures. however, this information is blurred by the fact that, upon illumination, all fluorescently labeled structures emit light, irrespect... | wikipedia |
cad55d82d216d1ddcb93a3a0a436d9d513307244 | wide-field multiphoton microscopy refers to an optical non-linear | wide-field multiphoton microscopy refers to an optical non-linear imaging technique in which a large area of the object is illuminated and imaged without the need for scanning. high intensities are required to induce non-linear optical processes such as two-photon fluorescence or second harmonic generation. in scanning... | wikipedia |
cf4e6cce740d735daa7eb9c4a720c3398b651627 | using a plane of light formed by focusing | using a plane of light formed by focusing light through a cylindrical lens at a narrow angle or by scanning a line of light in a plane perpendicular to the axis of objective, high resolution optical sections can be taken. single plane illumination, or light sheet illumination, is also accomplished using beam shaping te... | wikipedia |
f351bbd113ad06d4ac033ef40d264f5c60a312ee | a two-photon microscope is also a laser-scanning microscope, | a two-photon microscope is also a laser-scanning microscope, but instead of uv, blue or green laser light, a pulsed infrared laser is used for excitation. only in the tiny focus of the laser is the intensity high enough to generate fluorescence by two-photon excitation, which means that no out-of-focus fluorescence is ... | wikipedia |
d664e5b412fa6af492643c7b0bd582bbc098818c | a subclass of confocal microscopes are spinning disc | a subclass of confocal microscopes are spinning disc microscopes which are able to scan multiple points simultaneously across the sample. a corresponding disc with pinholes rejects out-of-focus light. the light detector in a spinning disc microscope is a digital camera, typically em-ccd or scmos. | wikipedia |
320cc34784b4bd180987b2170d519446f8d0f08e | confocal laser scanning microscopy uses a focused laser | confocal laser scanning microscopy uses a focused laser beam (e.g. 488 nm) that is scanned across the sample to excite fluorescence in a point-by-point fashion. the emitted light is directed through a pinhole to prevent out-of-focus light from reaching the detector, typically a photomultiplier tube. the image is constr... | wikipedia |
62b9ee17103fd4e8fd7e3789e64a097e4cdc2c56 | to block the excitation light from reaching the | to block the excitation light from reaching the observer or the detector, filter sets of high quality are needed. these typically consist of an excitation filter selecting the range of excitation wavelengths, a dichroic mirror, and an emission filter blocking the excitation light. most fluorescence microscopes are oper... | wikipedia |
96f9d0054843f0ee24eaf893cf8905181235fb46 | since fluorescence emission differs in wavelength (color) from | since fluorescence emission differs in wavelength (color) from the excitation light, an ideal fluorescent image shows only the structure of interest that was labeled with the fluorescent dye. this high specificity led to the widespread use of fluorescence light microscopy in biomedical research. different fluorescent d... | wikipedia |
f79e17d077c7dd39495f803120deb4cf703a9c23 | growth of protein crystals results in both protein | growth of protein crystals results in both protein and salt crystals. both are colorless and microscopic. recovery of the protein crystals requires imaging which can be done by the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein or by using transmission microscopy. both methods require an ultraviolet microscope as proteins absor... | wikipedia |
86e31c586f3d757b456a3d563652be0383f96cd6 | highly efficient fluorescent proteins such as the green | highly efficient fluorescent proteins such as the green fluorescent protein (gfp) have been developed using the molecular biology technique of gene fusion, a process that links the expression of the fluorescent compound to that of the target protein. this combined fluorescent protein is, in general, non-toxic to the or... | wikipedia |
d30fd501950b3b997186635730c061f5d68de079 | the antibodies can be tailor-made for a chemical | the antibodies can be tailor-made for a chemical compound. for example, one strategy often in use is the artificial production of proteins, based on the genetic code (dna). these proteins can then be used to immunize rabbits, forming antibodies which bind to the protein. the antibodies are then coupled chemically to a ... | wikipedia |
a7d903acac2e3d1469799d71a4de2c96aec2e0fb | this method is of critical importance in the | this method is of critical importance in the modern life sciences, as it can be extremely sensitive, allowing the detection of single molecules. many fluorescent dyes can be used to stain structures or chemical compounds. one powerful method is the combination of antibodies coupled to a fluorophore as in immunostaining... | wikipedia |
01e5f9ab3e9e06bc6d1d9f131bdfa9f52f063f6e | an additional technique using interference is interference reflection | an additional technique using interference is interference reflection microscopy (also known as reflected interference contrast, or ric). it relies on cell adhesion to the slide to produce an interference signal. if there is no cell attached to the glass, there will be no interference. | wikipedia |
f2988009653d69525eb11346bdca5e00915d7754 | note: in cases where the optical design of | note: in cases where the optical design of a microscope produces an appreciable lateral separation of the two beams we have the case of classical interference microscopy, which does not result in relief images, but can nevertheless be used for the quantitative determination of mass-thicknesses of microscopic objects. | wikipedia |
e921dca30cbec52d3852575cd4ae991e2667d37c | in a homogeneous specimen, there is no difference | in a homogeneous specimen, there is no difference between the two beams, and no contrast is being generated. however, near a refractive boundary (say a nucleus within the cytoplasm), the difference between the ordinary and the extraordinary beam will generate a relief in the image. differential interference contrast re... | wikipedia |
86ab0151c330ac5271e09ec3c123eada4fe98494 | the system consists of a special prism (nomarski | the system consists of a special prism (nomarski prism, wollaston prism) in the condenser that splits light in an ordinary and an extraordinary beam. the spatial difference between the two beams is minimal (less than the maximum resolution of the objective). after passage through the specimen, the beams are reunited by... | wikipedia |
eb5795bf0199de7df5f287cefe62da2e7d5893c3 | superior and much more expensive is the use | superior and much more expensive is the use of interference contrast. differences in optical density will show up as differences in relief. a nucleus within a cell will actually show up as a globule in the most often used differential interference contrast system according to georges nomarski. however, it has to be kep... | wikipedia |
0cbd071c52febe497b18ca9b2996703850f79be1 | more sophisticated techniques will show proportional differences in | more sophisticated techniques will show proportional differences in optical density. phase contrast is a widely used technique that shows differences in refractive index as difference in contrast. it was developed by the dutch physicist frits zernike in the 1930s (for which he was awarded the nobel prize in 1953). the ... | wikipedia |
44422f70605b7eb0a1b5b7fa4a158f007819758b | dispersion staining is an optical technique that results | dispersion staining is an optical technique that results in a colored image of a colorless object. this is an optical staining technique and requires no stains or dyes to produce a color effect. there are five different microscope configurations used in the broader technique of dispersion staining. they include brightf... | wikipedia |
55faf3d9452404d2cd3148fd4771b7bca6c35f1a | rheinberg illumination is a variant of dark field | rheinberg illumination is a variant of dark field illumination in which transparent, colored filters are inserted just before the condenser so that light rays at high aperture are differently colored than those at low aperture (i.e., the background to the specimen may be blue while the object appears self-luminous red)... | wikipedia |
a88f35cfeb3edbd584aadbbbeac2bad4ed6c615b | dark field microscopy is a technique for improving | dark field microscopy is a technique for improving the contrast of unstained, transparent specimens. dark field illumination uses a carefully aligned light source to minimize the quantity of directly transmitted (unscattered) light entering the image plane, collecting only the light scattered by the sample. dark field ... | wikipedia |
c2ac30824cbb6fe28aca93612091e88af0d97cb1 | the use of oblique (from the side) illumination | the use of oblique (from the side) illumination gives the image a three-dimensional appearance and can highlight otherwise invisible features. a more recent technique based on this method is hoffmann's modulation contrast, a system found on inverted microscopes for use in cell culture. oblique illumination enhances con... | wikipedia |
6304f1d9fbb226dc9e43226fd217758fb16a8915 | bright field microscopy is the simplest of all | bright field microscopy is the simplest of all the light microscopy techniques. sample illumination is via transmitted white light, i.e. illuminated from below and observed from above. limitations include low contrast of most biological samples and low apparent resolution due to the blur of out-of-focus material. the s... | wikipedia |
37d388d4b3ee87bbc9a6b1a3dedfa33eb4ba2ef4 | live cells in particular generally lack sufficient contrast | live cells in particular generally lack sufficient contrast to be studied successfully, since the internal structures of the cell are colorless and transparent. the most common way to increase contrast is to stain the structures with selective dyes, but this often involves killing and fixing the sample. staining may al... | wikipedia |
24a912d51857365d11a2e270a3556f492d63382a | optical or light microscopy involves passing visible light | optical or light microscopy involves passing visible light transmitted through or reflected from the sample through a single lens or multiple lenses to allow a magnified view of the sample. the resulting image can be detected directly by the eye, imaged on a photographic plate, or captured digitally. the single lens wi... | wikipedia |
875a43a52fbf648461ca7685fe82c3ae0c14a847 | the field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back | the field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century. earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in euro... | wikipedia |
885af0720cd14d264514b4f8c8947d99c65bb10d | optical microscopy and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, | optical microscopy and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation /electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. this process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation... | wikipedia |
fdb109a1da0968a7b01d552c29042f060a154446 | microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes | microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). there are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the eme... | wikipedia |
72f2d7bfb017816d64e301a3390efca101f93c9e | professor victor on-kwok li is an american hong | professor victor on-kwok li is an american hong kong academic. he is best known for his contributions to the development of information technology. he received the government of hong kong bronze bauhinia star in 2001, and he is a fellow of institute of electrical and electronics engineers. prof. li is currently chair p... | wikipedia |
e995c2c7a1f22048e2cf84fe2cccd10ad476e900 | from 2007 to 2012, he served as associate | from 2007 to 2012, he served as associate dean of engineering at hku. before joining hku in 1997, he was a professor of electrical engineering (ee) at the university of southern california (usc) and director of communication sciences institute of usc. he chaired the computer communications technical committee of the ie... | wikipedia |
3e5bbcb05ec150fc62ee6bfc2747bd5c7f596daa | prof. li is currently chair professor and head | prof. li is currently chair professor and head of the department of electrical and electronic engineering of the university of hong kong (hku). he also serves as managing director of versitech ltd. he is also on the boards of sunevision ltd., china.com ltd., and anxin-china holding ltd. prof. li also chairs the executi... | wikipedia |
babb6f078070866b373f41cf272b654183c20e50 | professor victor on-kwok li (born october 11, 1954) | professor victor on-kwok li (born october 11, 1954) is an american hong kong academic. he is best known for his contributions to the development of information technology. he received the government of hong kong bronze bauhinia star in 2001, and he is a fellow of institute of electrical and electronics engineers. | wikipedia |
8acdfe44340a49fbc946216d0accc97fc9b56e37 | actaea, officially (120347) salacia i actaea, is a | actaea, officially (120347) salacia i actaea, is a natural satellite of the classical kuiper belt object 120347 salacia. its diameter is estimated to be approximately 300 km (190 mi), which is approximately one-third the diameter of salacia; thus, salacia and actaea are viewed by william grundy et al. to be a binary sy... | wikipedia |
a64ddebd0d2c48063cf3020a0af32a0b5f2ff303 | the mass of the system is (4.92 ± | the mass of the system is (4.92 ± 0.07) × 10 kg, with actaea constituting perhaps 4% of this. actaea is 2.372 ± 0.060 magnitudes fainter than salacia, implying a diameter ratio of 2.98 for equal albedos. hence, assuming equal albedos, it has a diameter of 284 ± 10 km. actaea has the same color as salacia (v−i = 0.89 ± ... | wikipedia |
94d302bb1ddf13ad969516a7282effab00582188 | actaea orbits its primary every 5.493 d at | actaea orbits its primary every 5.493 d at a distance of 5619 ± 87 km and with an eccentricity of 0.0084 ± 0.0076. the ratio of its semi-major axis to its primary's hill radius is 0.0023, the tightest trans-neptunian binary with a known orbit. | wikipedia |
c084d050f00cb0d5d31d9974010eb09bd7fc7389 | it was discovered on 21 july 2006 by | it was discovered on 21 july 2006 by keith s. noll, harold levison, denise stephens, and will grundy with the hubble space telescope. on 18 february 2011, it was officially named actaea after the nereid nymph named actaea. | wikipedia |
e4aa704f1e910b5c4d8878df74eba3002874edbb | actaea, officially (120347) salacia i actaea, is a | actaea, officially (120347) salacia i actaea, is a natural satellite of the classical kuiper belt object 120347 salacia. its diameter is estimated to be approximately 300 km (190 mi), which is approximately one-third the diameter of salacia; thus, salacia and actaea are viewed by william grundy et al. to be a binary sy... | wikipedia |
27aa18a51684e9a2aa482ac76bad7b06843d57db | f. douglas bolstorff was an american basketball player | f. douglas bolstorff was an american basketball player and coach. he played collegiately for the university of minnesota. he was selected by the detroit pistons in the 8th round of the 1957 nba draft. he played for the pistons (1957–58) in the nba for three games. f. doug bolstorff also served as coach of macalester co... | wikipedia |
0529965940079b99e463ebcd5db238406ea8aa09 | k. tsianina lomawaima is an american interdisciplinary researcher | k. tsianina lomawaima is an american interdisciplinary researcher of indigenous studies, anthropology, history, and political science. she is a professor in the school of social transformation at arizona state university. she specializes in the interaction between sovereign native nations and u.s. federalism, the statu... | wikipedia |
00b3be64224be48e44ccfe85c01e52649da78f0c | in 2007 lomawaima co-founded the native american and | in 2007 lomawaima co-founded the native american and indigenous studies association, and she served as its president in 2012–2013. lomawaima was the 2010 recipient of the lifetime achievement award for american indian history from the western history association. in 2016, she was named a member of the national academy ... | wikipedia |
afb61aa65a0476046c9e382e28e4d8fd31ab54cb | lomawaima has also coauthored multiple books. in 2000, | lomawaima has also coauthored multiple books. in 2000, she published away from home: american indian boarding school experiences with margaret archuleta and brenda child. in 2001, she and david e. wilkins published uneven ground: american indian sovereignty and federal law. uneven ground was selected as an outstanding ... | wikipedia |
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