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the boltzmann distribution is named after ludwig boltzmann
the boltzmann distribution is named after ludwig boltzmann who first formulated it in 1868 during his studies of the statistical mechanics of gases in thermal equilibrium. boltzmann's statistical work is borne out in his paper “on the relationship between the second fundamental theorem of the mechanical theory of heat ...
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7da68666a0f13f6eff65526113761db53ad079c5
the term system here has a wide meaning;
the term system here has a wide meaning; it can range from a collection of 'sufficient number' of atoms or a single atom to a macroscopic system such as a natural gas storage tank. therefore the boltzmann distribution can be used to solve a wide variety of problems. the distribution shows that states with lower energy ...
wikipedia
e64f34928b2b4015777f4ef607641f8c2357db9a
where p is the probability of the system
where p is the probability of the system being in state i, exp is the exponential function, ε is the energy of that state, and a constant kt of the distribution is the product of the boltzmann constant k and thermodynamic temperature t. the symbol ∝ {\textstyle \propto } denotes proportionality (see § the distribution ...
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5236d6769ab966dc35f05e24a68092664715d747
in statistical mechanics and mathematics, a boltzmann distribution
in statistical mechanics and mathematics, a boltzmann distribution (also called gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system. the distribution is express...
wikipedia
56fbbe0aa63f821c2c1f06a874fcde8123d4643b
matthew puempel is a canadian professional ice hockey
matthew puempel is a canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for the augsburger panther of the deutsche eishockey liga (del). puempel was selected 24th overall in the 2011 nhl entry draft by the ottawa senators.
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0046985c227408760d1abdab79f40fca24c3b8bd
born in windsor, puempel was raised in essex,
born in windsor, puempel was raised in essex, ontario with his older brother mike. he attended thomas a. stewart secondary school while playing for the petes where he earned ohl academic player of the month for the east division in january 2010.
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85b78e37582742178245589cb5788057d8bb5716
in the lead up to the 2017–18 season,
in the lead up to the 2017–18 season, puempel was assigned to the rangers' ahl affiliate, the hartford wolf pack, after clearing waivers. on october 21, 2017, puempel was traded to the detroit red wings in exchange for ryan sproul. during the season, puempel, along with teammate matt lorito, were the only two grand rap...
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6902bd5404bdeaa8dbb2bb7de4a0e77ed62cccc8
puempel recorded his first career hat trick in
puempel recorded his first career hat trick in a 6–3 rangers win against the arizona coyotes on december 29, 2016. all three of puempel's goals were scored on the power play. on june 14, 2017, the rangers re-signed puempel to a one-year extension.
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ae6de13b806f9249440cf1abb02e6a7c72b7f4dd
in the 2016–17 season, puempel made the senators
in the 2016–17 season, puempel made the senators opening night roster. after 13 scoreless games, and relegated to a healthy scratch on occasions, puempel was placed on waivers by the senators on november 20, 2016. he was claimed the following day by the new york rangers.
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b77d0e7579ebb8dedf4066d232f3ebb5953a664d
in the midst of his second full professional
in the midst of his second full professional season in binghamton, puempel was recalled to ottawa on february 19, 2015. at the time, he ranked third in binghamton team scoring with 32 points (12 goals and 20 assists) in 51 regular-season games. on march 10, 2015, puempel scored his first nhl goal against tuukka rask of...
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c17569f341f7a093e2beab9ade49404f7ad17c19
eager for the chance to select puempel, ottawa
eager for the chance to select puempel, ottawa traded a pair of second-round picks (35th and 48th overall) to detroit in order to obtain the 24th overall spot in the draft. puempel signed an entry-level contract with the senators on december 29, 2011. he made his professional debut with the binghamton senators late in ...
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53f9f63969f0637463e17db52478b5c624259449
on december 8, 2011, puempel was suspended for
on december 8, 2011, puempel was suspended for 8 games for a hit to the head of forward sebastian uvira during a game against the oshawa generals. on june 27, 2012, puempel requested a trade to a contending team and was subsequently dealt to the kitchener rangers. "being around ottawa and this being my last year of jun...
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d45bc4ee42d3df7efd9331a4090ccbf6e1c54740
puempel's 2009–10 season was a noteworthy rookie ohl
puempel's 2009–10 season was a noteworthy rookie ohl season. playing for the peterborough petes, he led all ohl rookies in goals and points and was second on his team in scoring. his point totals landed him at 39th in overall league scoring and he won the emms family award as well as the chl rookie of the year award. i...
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a904c0eb75d68c481afe603abcb12c036d0e88b3
matthew puempel (born january 24, 1993) is a
matthew puempel (born january 24, 1993) is a canadian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for the augsburger panther of the deutsche eishockey liga (del). puempel was selected 24th overall in the 2011 nhl entry draft by the ottawa senators.
wikipedia
6ef710047139244a7ed4f418893d3ce7130a7e6c
12052 aretaon is a mid-sized jupiter trojan from
12052 aretaon is a mid-sized jupiter trojan from the trojan camp, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. it was discovered on 3 may 1997, by belgian astronomer eric elst at eso's la silla observatory in northern chile. the dark jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 8.05 hours. it was named after aretaon from greek...
wikipedia
f4b05ecae3a30969e64e6b6fac8263dd3898e9f5
according to the survey carried out by the
according to the survey carried out by the neowise mission of nasa's wide-field infrared survey explorer, aretaon measures 39.151 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.073, while the collaborative asteroid lightcurve link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates ...
wikipedia
24f32fe1a8c672a868eca5f12438c2c5ed163587
in september 2012, a rotational lightcurve of aretaon
in september 2012, a rotational lightcurve of aretaon was obtained from photometric observations by robert stephens at the center for solar system studies in landers, california. lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.05 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.17 magnitude (u=2). this period determination was c...
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73940c6e3f4104ee05a38dc9f220de94274299df
this minor planet was named from greek mythology
this minor planet was named from greek mythology after the trojan warrior aretaon. he was killed by teucer during the trojan war. the official naming citation was published by the minor planet center on 6 january 2003 (m.p.c. 47300).
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2abc9cb02cc74ac21f17926e78d783a6af61d794
aretaon is a jupiter trojan in a 1:1
aretaon is a jupiter trojan in a 1:1 orbital resonance with jupiter. it is located in the trailering trojan camp at the gas giant's l lagrangian point, 60 ° behind its orbit. it orbits the sun at a distance of 4.9–5.6 au once every 11 years and 12 months (4,381 days; semi-major axis of 5.24 au). its orbit has an eccent...
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a27bcc924f55330d5b836289b56371953a1b399a
12052 aretaon / ær ɪ ˈ t eɪ
12052 aretaon / ær ɪ ˈ t eɪ ɒ n / is a mid-sized jupiter trojan from the trojan camp, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. it was discovered on 3 may 1997, by belgian astronomer eric elst at eso's la silla observatory in northern chile. the dark jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 8.05 hours. it was...
wikipedia
4fa21bee8e0516085765d6f44d5b2e81eb6ef76f
the 1979–80 season was the 78th season in
the 1979–80 season was the 78th season in which dundee competed at a scottish national level, playing in the premier division after getting promoted the previous season. once again however, the club would find themselves relegated at the end of the season. dundee would also compete in both the scottish league cup and t...
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4fa21bee8e0516085765d6f44d5b2e81eb6ef76f
the 1979–80 season was the 78th season in
the 1979–80 season was the 78th season in which dundee competed at a scottish national level, playing in the premier division after getting promoted the previous season. once again however, the club would find themselves relegated at the end of the season. dundee would also compete in both the scottish league cup and t...
wikipedia
7a49fc2fd31c34c2a25dcdd41ead89e167be0c5d
steeve farid yago is a professional footballer who
steeve farid yago is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for cypriot first division club aris limassol. born in france, he represents the burkina faso national team. yago represented burkina faso in the 2021 afcon tournament in cameroon.
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c4e324868139050332028804ca30f29f009c5119
he received his first call-up to the burkina
he received his first call-up to the burkina faso national team on 23 march 2013, in a 4-0 win against niger, a match that was part of the 2014 fifa world cup series.
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6bcb55ad5929e24de3bec90b76b679a5d7c4fd3b
steeve farid yago (born 16 december 1992) is
steeve farid yago (born 16 december 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for cypriot first division club aris limassol. born in france, he represents the burkina faso national team.
wikipedia
a0d4bed0b72a0577927da197a7768f984fc98cdd
gavin okeroghene bazunu is an irish professional footballer
gavin okeroghene bazunu is an irish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for premier league club southampton and the republic of ireland national team. bazunu started his career at shamrock rovers, making his first team debut in june 2018 at the age of 16, before joining manchester city in february 2019. h...
wikipedia
a12f7ba99f924fba57ca3d93a0599b5ae80b2580
in march 2021, he was called into the
in march 2021, he was called into the senior republic of ireland team for the first time, for the 2022 fifa world cup qualifiers. he made his senior debut in a 1–0 defeat on 27 march 2021 against luxembourg.
wikipedia
56ed79d81b246ef1cece21fd77b6bce8742674e0
ahead of a match against preston north end
ahead of a match against preston north end on 16 april 2024, he suffered an achilles injury during the warm-up and was expected to miss the remainder of the 2023–24 season. manager russell martin later confirmed bazunu would be sidelined for nine to ten months.
wikipedia
c0867227e099a204ac8d195e5abd394f43b9f05e
on 17 june 2022, bazunu joined southampton on
on 17 june 2022, bazunu joined southampton on a five-year contract for a reported fee of £12 million. on 6 august 2022, he made his first premier league appearance for southampton in a 4–1 defeat to tottenham hotspur. bazunu got his first clean sheet in the premier league and for southampton on 19 october 2022 in a 0–1...
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760816990ce3343e3d57b3e9ef6083271bec93c2
he signed a contract extension with manchester city
he signed a contract extension with manchester city until 2024 and joined league one side rochdale on a season-long loan later that month. he started and kept a clean sheet on his debut for rochdale on 5 september 2020 in a 1–0 efl cup victory away to huddersfield town, and made his first league appearance the followin...
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f33f88a25120b59c12d42c1c08206aa8c8a4f810
on 6 september 2018, it was announced that
on 6 september 2018, it was announced that bazunu had joined premier league club manchester city for an undisclosed fee reported to be £420,000, though a joining date had not been set, with bazunu wishing to complete his education in the irish education system. the following month, it was announced he has signed a pre-...
wikipedia
6f71c0a5e9c17b6922c90dc0788c02970408a064
having come through the academy at shamrock rovers,
having come through the academy at shamrock rovers, bazunu made his debut for rovers' first team on 9 june 2018 in a 5–0 win at home to bray wanderers, at the age of 16. manager stephen bradley stated that despite not wanting to 'throw in that early', bazunu was 'ready' for his first-team debut. he made three further a...
wikipedia
52a374211ced7e9982f2f648e15f612676e7d623
bazunu started his career at shamrock rovers, making
bazunu started his career at shamrock rovers, making his first team debut in june 2018 at the age of 16, before joining manchester city in february 2019. he spent the 2020–21 season on loan at rochdale and the 2021–22 season on loan at portsmouth.
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6cf209ddaa35c4297fb07e7ba072557a07000d29
marcus bignot is an english football manager and
marcus bignot is an english football manager and former professional player. he is currently assistant head coach of swindon town. bignot's playing career spanned nearly 20 years, primarily as a right back, but he has also been used in a midfield role. he began his career at telford united in 1992 where he spent four y...
wikipedia
3593dcba9e05dfaf12cd224792d58edc500daa5f
marcus bignot is an english football manager and
go on to play in the premier league, in the england c team that saturday afternoon in the north of scotland. bignot enjoyed a successful seven-year management career, when he took over at birmingham city ladies from 1998, winning the midland combination league, axa northern premier league and runners-up of the fa wome...
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015dc491ffee06f940f3b6d7130cef1de5ed56e5
on 26 july 2022, bignot was appointed first-team
on 26 july 2022, bignot was appointed first-team coach of league one club cheltenham town. the club said that they had given very careful consideration to the appointment having held discussions with a number of different club stakeholders including representatives of the proud robins lgbtq+ supporters network.
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64eda0b25a37bfabb8fbe279f32e8315d4964440
in july 2022, bignot was sacked by birmingham
in july 2022, bignot was sacked by birmingham after he was found guilty of homophobic abuse. bignot denied the charges from the fa but his defence was seen as “not credible” and it was decided that “on the balance of probabilities” bignot had made the comment during their game against tottenham hotspur women on 13 febr...
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ef0eede4c0f9dd22ff54d77fa0946a4d67536bd8
bignot and former alfreton town manager russ o'neil
bignot and former alfreton town manager russ o'neil were appointed joint managers of guiseley in may 2018 following the team's relegation from the national league to the national league north. he left the club in april 2022.
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53dc881382e3086d1ce8de674a636298a2ac51fe
on 20 september 2017, bignot was appointed as
on 20 september 2017, bignot was appointed as manager of national league club chester. at the end of march 2018, the board confirmed that his contract would not be renewed for the following season. once relegation was confirmed, they " little value in him remaining in the position", and he left the club on 11 april 201...
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8e06b155eca9071ebd543e1df9639c6541980849
bignot made his full grimsby town managerial debut
bignot made his full grimsby town managerial debut on 9 november 2016, in the efl trophy, losing 4–2 at home to sheffield united. bignot made his league managerial debut with grimsby town on 12 november 2016 at home against barnet, drawing 2–2. bignot's first league win came the next week, when grimsby played first-pla...
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17e1aefb81e8f7b9adca759db5cd6cfc9cc00c25
on 2 november 2016 solihull moors issued a
on 2 november 2016 solihull moors issued a statement that the board of league two club grimsby town had made an official legal approach to them, and that they had granted permission for bignot to speak to grimsby about their vacant managerial position. on 7 november 2016, he was officially announced as the new grimsby ...
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fdea5eeb53d5de93a832c3a67119b7f9c87a5061
during his time at solihull moors, the setup
during his time at solihull moors, the setup consisted of just a first team and an under-18 team; within 5 years, his additional role as director of football enhanced the structure of the club, creating 30-odd youth and junior teams, reserves, an academy and a disability section, as well as three girls teams and a ladi...
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c0492f163b9d7748c148cade4fd87b0a2632d8e7
bignot made his national league managerial debut with
bignot made his national league managerial debut with the club on 6 august 2016, solihull moors beating last seasons national league south champions sutton united 3–1 at their gander green lane stadium in the opening game of the 2016–17 season. solihull moors season started reasonably well with his team winning three o...
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414836702a0318b9841b46a39106ac2c2af79be7
bignot's team won an impressive 60% of their
bignot's team won an impressive 60% of their games during the 2015–16 season. this clinched the national league north title and secured promotion in that season with three games still left to play. it was the very first time solihull moors had reached national league level. in may 2016, bignot reached the final and won...
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3eeaed0f440100ee635064ad30c721a3c7dd83c5
bignot initially joined conference north club solihull moors
bignot initially joined conference north club solihull moors as assistant manager towards the end of the 2010–11 season. on 27 june 2011, following the resignation of micky moore for the 2011–12 season, bignot was appointed manager.
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c05e1e87b57fe096184f4420f7b5b64c5c85398b
bignot at the age of 24 became manager
bignot at the age of 24 became manager of birmingham city ladies in 1998, and immediately revamped the entire youth structure at the club. he continued his own playing career in the football league while managing the side in the newly created midland combination league and in their first season won the league, gaining ...
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a47c29a093d8b641e7441eb68fd341c1a1887887
whilst at kidderminster harriers, bignot played once for
whilst at kidderminster harriers, bignot played once for the england semi-pro (now england c) team in may 1997, against the scottish highland football league at cove rangers, the highland football league team whose allan park ground is six miles south of aberdeen, his side won 5–0 that saturday afternoon, with strikers...
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ccadd4f5539fa98c82ed2322018e5bcfe527d58c
on 1 february 2010, he had his contract
on 1 february 2010, he had his contract cancelled by mutual consent, and rejoined conference side kidderminster harriers on a non contract basis until the end of the season on 17 february 2010. he was released in may 2010, bignot had a trial at conference north club gainsborough trinity in july 2010. later that month, ...
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d750109f3c205635863976c3007cfbd34ae09c8c
having joined millwall on loan in november 2007.
having joined millwall on loan in november 2007. bignot extended his stay at millwall for a further two months following an injury crisis at the club. on 15 january 2008, bignot was released by qpr, however, he rejoined millwall on a permanent basis just a few hours later an 18-month contract. he was drafted in by mill...
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52eb065aa6d2f9da86cf6e392d063128a55e4ebf
due to a consequence of the financial meltdown
due to a consequence of the financial meltdown at rushden & diamonds, bignot was sold back to qpr in march 2004. qpr finished the 2003–04 season in second place, bignot being part of the team that clinched promotion to the championship. he captained a cash-strapped qpr to championship survival in his final season. bign...
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232c0a486d53d358ec5a58dd1f3bdb5731e881c6
bignot signed for rushden & diamonds in the
bignot signed for rushden & diamonds in the third division on a short-term deal at the start of 2002–03 season, however, having played on the opening day of the season at swansea city, three days later he sustained a medial knee ligaments only 11 minutes into his home debut against torquay united. he returned to traini...
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5ab3ed31c92faca7df670f598d6a6198b9967b7f
a change of management prompted a move to
a change of management prompted a move to first division side queens park rangers in march 2001 to rejoin his old manager, ian holloway. bignot scored his first goal for qpr in the 2–1 away defeat to burnley, peter crouch chipping the ball into the box sub andy thomson to head down into the path of bignot who shot home...
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5a74338fdcc327cf4ab1bf4e9f677a8132ef52f3
bignot signed a two-year deal at bristol rovers
bignot signed a two-year deal at bristol rovers in the second division on a free transfer in august 2000. at bristol rovers he played a key part in his team beating premier league side everton in the league cup. it was bignot's equaliser in the second leg that took the match to penalties, which rovers subsequently won....
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24af8ef2feabdbdb3f888dd268b6c72d5d596acb
his performances didn't go unnoticed, bignot moved on
his performances didn't go unnoticed, bignot moved on to newly promoted first division side crewe alexandra in august 1997 for £100,000 – a record fee for kidderminster harriers at the time. at gresty road he was the supporters' player of the season 1997–98. after falling into dispute in june 2000 with the club over hi...
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9ef7353bdc1879b1e252810a248e1b3a22be49bf
bignot was born in birmingham and served his
bignot was born in birmingham and served his apprenticeship with birmingham city. having been released in 1992 by the club, he joined telford united in the football conference league. after three seasons, a switch to fellow football conference side kidderminster harriers for a small fee was made in 1996. while with kid...
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3e94e48a6eb80accfbe7bbf14c84ae657dfe1693
bignot enjoyed a successful seven-year management career, when
bignot enjoyed a successful seven-year management career, when he took over at birmingham city ladies from 1998, winning the midland combination league, axa northern premier league and runners-up of the fa women's premier league cup. bignot having managed solihull moors for five years, he got them promoted as champions...
wikipedia
8428cf28ac8e10490338c420291ec311b6a38b49
a former england semi-pro international, he was capped
a former england semi-pro international, he was capped in may 1997 for the england c national football team against the scottish highland football league at cove rangers fc, near aberdeen, where the england c team won 5–0, with lee hughes, a teammate of bignot's with kidderminster at that time, and barry hayles of stev...
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b1d74ebe82bf8a8cddfa18437a6beb66d3338279
bignot's playing career spanned nearly 20 years, primarily
bignot's playing career spanned nearly 20 years, primarily as a right back, but he has also been used in a midfield role. he began his career at telford united in 1992 where he spent four years in the football conference there. he then joined kidderminster harriers, he was part of the team that won the conference leagu...
wikipedia
328006b950a38d802d1cf1faefe2eb94fdd0244f
kathryn anne "kate" gill is an australian former
kathryn anne "kate" gill is an australian former soccer player. she played the majority of her career in australia, in the women's national soccer league (wnsl) and the w-league. she also played in sweden in the damallsvenskan. between 2004 and 2015, gill played 86 matches for the australia women's national soccer team...
wikipedia
e19088787a9ade749f7079441dfc35498e955869
in 2008, gill played for the newcastle jets
in 2008, gill played for the newcastle jets in the w-league, before moving to sweden where she played with sunnanå sk of skellefteå in the damallsvenskan league during 2009. in the upcoming winter, she moved to ldb malmö for the 2010 season.
wikipedia
b3d675e80bb9374d17c5e2c534ff83e3e2178bf7
kathryn anne "kate" gill (born 10 december 1984)
kathryn anne "kate" gill (born 10 december 1984) is an australian former soccer player. she played the majority of her career in australia, in the women's national soccer league (wnsl) and the w-league. she also played in sweden in the damallsvenskan. between 2004 and 2015, gill played 86 matches for the australia wome...
wikipedia
229b63b803fa235bb82397b74d4043ed4067ee49
this is a demography of the population of
this is a demography of the population of kuwait. expatriates account for around 60% of kuwait's total population, with kuwaitis constituting 38%-42% of the total population. the government and some kuwaiti citizens consider the proportion of expatriates to be a problem, and in 2016 the number of deportations increased...
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0969cad0c60889e957ec88b4d208264661f32e9a
according to recent statistics provided by the central
according to recent statistics provided by the central statistics bureau, as of january 2024, kuwait's population reached 4.91 million, an increase of 119,700 from the previous year's 4.79 million. the number of kuwaiti citizens rose by 28,700 to reach a total of 1.545 million. specifically, the number of male citizens...
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d606adf947486d06cacd9c59ab07bedd5357fada
the biggest population difficulty in kuwait involves the
the biggest population difficulty in kuwait involves the bedoon, stateless people. according to human rights watch in 1995, kuwait has produced 300,000 stateless bedoon. kuwait has the largest number of stateless people in the entire region. the bedoon issue in kuwait is largely sectarian.
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d4155239c1a6010b96a3494865833665f4d219a6
kuwait consists of six governorates: hawalli, asimah, farwaniyah,
kuwait consists of six governorates: hawalli, asimah, farwaniyah, jahra, ahmadi and mubarak al-kabeer. most people in kuwait live in the governorates of hawalli, asimah, and farwaniyah.
wikipedia
7f80c0b63df4a3ff4bdc53c8c06b9e9dc08c3ac7
expatriates account for around 60% of kuwait's total
expatriates account for around 60% of kuwait's total population, with kuwaitis constituting 38%-42% of the total population. the government and some kuwaiti citizens consider the proportion of expatriates (which has been relatively stable since the mid-1970s) to be a problem, and in 2016 the number of deportations incr...
wikipedia
e0419826df65acea573a5f93ef65bf102d13a0b0
on 12 july 2013 max marshall released her
on 12 july 2013 max marshall released her debut single "don't trip". on 4 october 2013 she released her debut ep pressure. in late-2013, she featured on matrix & futurebound 's single " control ". the single entered at number 18 on the uk singles chart on 5 january 2014 – for the week ending dated 11 january 2014 – bef...
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8130d3647c7d8d076275451997af927872fc12d4
maximus martin owusu (born 7 april 2007), is
maximus martin owusu (born 7 april 2007), is an african dancer from ghana he is best known for featuring on matrix & futurebound 's 2013 single " control ", which peaked at number seven on the uk singles chart in january 2014.
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bd39558d4a5d92e643b75ccb5f9500763d8eb841
the new south wales hard court championships was
the new south wales hard court championships was a men's and women's open tennis tournament founded in 1915, and first held at dubbo, new south wales, australia. it was first organised by the dubbo district tennis association in conjunction with the new south wales lawn tennis association and was played on clay courts....
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52eb5219b8ab34513bb61354d95b58966ecde297
it was staged as part of iltf australasia
it was staged as part of iltf australasia circuit a sub circuit of the iltf world circuit until 1972 when it became part of the iltf independent tour until 1984 and finally the tennis australia circuit until 1988 when it was part of the australia satellite circuit then was discontinued. the final known winner of the me...
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21757e334e56ba4a235d763cfe37c27c90db581d
the tournament was founded in on 26 june
the tournament was founded in on 26 june 1915 and was held in dubbo, new south wales, australia. the event was first organised by the dubbo district tennis association in conjunction with the new south wales lawn tennis association. the first men's singles champion was clarence todd who defeated noel heath in straight ...
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bd39558d4a5d92e643b75ccb5f9500763d8eb841
the new south wales hard court championships was
the new south wales hard court championships was a men's and women's open tennis tournament founded in 1915, and first held at dubbo, new south wales, australia. it was first organised by the dubbo district tennis association in conjunction with the new south wales lawn tennis association and was played on clay courts....
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ab43f6f3e64bfd716349f5109c106096736639fc
viral inactivation is to stop the viruses in
viral inactivation is to stop the viruses in a given sample from contaminating the desired product either by removing viruses completely or rendering them non-infectious. these techniques are used widely in the food and blood plasma industries, as those products can be harmed by the presence of viral particles. some of...
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58541fe79c76e68e425847f3d6515f42ddfde8f2
where: v1 = volume of spiked feedstock prior
where: v1 = volume of spiked feedstock prior to the clearance step; t1 = virus concentration of spiked feedstock prior to the clearance step; v2 = volume of material after the clearance step; and t2 = virus concentration of material after the clearance step.
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b36abd066962b86c5bf721e55fc8059a726612cd
it has been shown through experimentation, that increasing
it has been shown through experimentation, that increasing the viral count (or level of activity) of a sample by a factor of 10 or 10 of the original will only change the virus removal/inactivation ratios by one order of magnitude. from this knowledge, spiking studies have been created in which the virus number (or lev...
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2501a1ee4ec5101b2cf520a2b7dfe497fdd514d5
spiking studies were created specifically for this purpose.
spiking studies were created specifically for this purpose. a spiking study is a study done in order to determine the possible methods of viral removal or inactivation. the results of these studies are numerical and, based on these numbers, researchers can determine whether or not the process on which the study was con...
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4877f88ae279752aef4c2cb6539d9538d7f1cd38
in many cases, the concentration of viruses in
in many cases, the concentration of viruses in a given sample is extremely low. in other extraction processes, low levels of impurity may be negligible, but because viruses are infective impurities, even one viral particle may be enough to ruin an entire process chain. it is for this reason that special measures must b...
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0b4086cd7c8894be60223f54687f6205cb4a0da3
uv light in combination with riboflavin has been
uv light in combination with riboflavin has been shown to be effective in reducing pathogens in blood transfusion products. riboflavin and uv light damages the nucleic acids in viruses, bacteria, parasites, and donor white blood cells rendering them unable to replicate and cause disease.
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28804dc98144a64f583acd05b892b234dc2f9e28
uv rays can damage the dna of living
uv rays can damage the dna of living organisms by creating nucleic acid dimers. however, the damages are usually not important due to low penetration of uvs through living tissues. uv rays can be used, however, to inactivate viruses since virus particules are small and the uv rays can reach the genetic material, induci...
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a503e746898c028b2437548f28868259068aa335
acidic inactivation is commonly used in the manufacturing
acidic inactivation is commonly used in the manufacturing process for monoclonal antibody based biopharmaceuticals. the process consists of reducing the ph to near or below a ph of 3.6 and incubation for at least thirty minutes at room temperature.
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065ed6c5b145eb8bbf09e4055e2ba240dd2ffff0
some viruses, when exposed to a low ph,
some viruses, when exposed to a low ph, will denature spontaneously. similar to pasteurization, this technique for viral inactivation is useful if the target protein is more resistant to low phs than the viral impurity. this technique is effective against enveloped viruses, and the equipment typically used is simple an...
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debfa81c6694ce6ea02b95eb97d22b0f316ff132
inactivation of viruses by means of pasteurization can
inactivation of viruses by means of pasteurization can be very effective if the proteins that you are trying to protect are more thermally resistant than the viral impurities with which they are in solution. some of the more prominent advantages of these types of processes are that they require simple equipment and the...
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06373ff20a7b742e84b6cff43b7985bafa465042
s/d treatment utilizes readily available and relatively inexpensive
s/d treatment utilizes readily available and relatively inexpensive reagents, but these reagents must be removed from the product prior to distribution which would require extra process steps. because this process removes/inactivates the lipid coating of a virus, viruses without any sort of lipid envelope will be unaff...
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00add3ed439e509e026e46c3ee2b824013f2c399
this process has many of the advantages of
this process has many of the advantages of the "traditional" removal techniques. this process does not denature proteins, because the detergents only affect lipids and lipid derivatives. there is a 100% viral death achieved by this process and the equipment is relatively simple and easy to use. equipment designed to pu...
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335c86f0237e9acf55f855651283421f2ab9130e
this process, developed by the new york blood
this process, developed by the new york blood center, is the most widely used viral inactivation method to date. it is predominantly used in the blood plasma industry, by over 50 organizations worldwide and by the american red cross. this process is only effective for viruses enveloped in a lipid coat, however. the det...
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6213ce55b88b6496b50ce6ea59d31f372f19cc15
viral inactivation renders viruses unable to infect. many
viral inactivation renders viruses unable to infect. many viruses contain lipid or protein coats that can be inactivated by chemical alteration. viral inactivation is different from viral removal because, in the former process, the surface chemistry of the virus is altered and in many cases the (now non-infective) vira...
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9d66023c8a690d3274c3f9a267d9f435b55fade7
chromatographic methods of removing viruses are great for
chromatographic methods of removing viruses are great for purifying the protein and are also effective against all types of viruses, but the level of virus removal is dependent on the column composition and the reagents that are used in the process. the effectiveness of this process can vary greatly between viruses and...
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e7a3a8a1d553143711b471029b0b604df6aadb79
some of the filters used for to perform
some of the filters used for to perform these types of processes are planova 15n, planova 20n, bioex, vag - 300, viresolve 180, viresolve 70tm, and the virosart range.
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92db5a63d6999ea6182c594d44fa06f625a94737
virus removal processes using nanofiltration techniques remove viruses
virus removal processes using nanofiltration techniques remove viruses specifically by size exclusion. this type of process is typically used for parvoviruses and other viruses containing a protein coat. a typical hiv virion is 180 nm and a typical parvovirus can vary between 15 and 24 nm, which is very small. one grea...
wikipedia
ab43f6f3e64bfd716349f5109c106096736639fc
viral inactivation is to stop the viruses in
viral inactivation is to stop the viruses in a given sample from contaminating the desired product either by removing viruses completely or rendering them non-infectious. these techniques are used widely in the food and blood plasma industries, as those products can be harmed by the presence of viral particles. some of...
wikipedia
f2d8236592af0cd0b9404c896421304539020f1d
philippe julien albert is a belgian former professional
philippe julien albert is a belgian former professional footballer and television pundit. as a player he was a defender. he played for charleroi, kv mechelen and anderlecht in his native belgium, and for english clubs newcastle united and fulham. it was at newcastle that he became known as an attack-minded centre-back ...
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5c19db336e8ad184caa61d1f4b805087bb011da2
albert made 41 appearances for the belgium national
albert made 41 appearances for the belgium national team, making his debut in 1987, but came to worldwide prominence at the 1994 fifa world cup. there he played in four of belgium's matches, scoring against the netherlands in his first game and against germany in the second round match, which belgium lost 3–2.
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6438fee9444029c1264651d81c76c4c6d7c42f58
injuries towards the end of the decade limited
injuries towards the end of the decade limited his first-team chances and he spent 13 games on loan to third-tier club fulham (managed at the time by his former newcastle boss keegan), scoring twice during the 1998–99 season as they were promoted from division two as champions.
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f3d33dd98d4572214689c2fbd823978479608c31
fans at newcastle created a terrace chant for
fans at newcastle created a terrace chant for the player, singing "phillipe, phillipe albert, everyone knows his name" to the words of the theme song of 1970s children's tv series the adventures of rupert bear.
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02df83e11e1b747d415490aa325fd774cee15ce5
albert's exploits at the world cup earned him
albert's exploits at the world cup earned him a £2.6 million transfer to kevin keegan 's newcastle united; he was issued the number 27 shirt, and completed the transfer on his 27th birthday. he later claimed he turned down moves to italian clubs juventus and fiorentina the year before as he did not like the hot climate...
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552f7ab23b2203c91c1ea31ce2d95d5e632ad4e9
albert started his career with charleroi before moving
albert started his career with charleroi before moving to kv mechelen where his performances won him belgian golden shoe and a move to anderlecht. while playing at anderlecht, he won the belgian league twice and helped his national side qualify for the 1994 world cup.
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663f418363a5d211d30c2efae96178759dc5ebee
as a player he was a defender. he
as a player he was a defender. he played for charleroi, kv mechelen and anderlecht in his native belgium, and for english clubs newcastle united and fulham. it was at newcastle that he became known as an attack-minded centre-back for his forward runs from defence in the team dubbed as "the entertainers".
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5b524b10faf9785951eb2637e6f6432f0629565c
fernando baptista de seixas peyroteo de vasconcelos was
fernando baptista de seixas peyroteo de vasconcelos was a portuguese professional footballer who played as a striker. he spent his entire professional career with sporting cp, scoring 544 goals in all competitions, winning 11 major titles and being crowned his country's top-division scorer on six occasions.
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82372bd3a6225c9cbb274a2e84322eb4e98d2ff7
josé couceiro, a football player and later a
josé couceiro, a football player and later a manager, was peyroteo's grandnephew. antónio césar de vasconcelos correia, 1st viscount and 1st count of torres novas and the 93rd governor of portuguese india, was his great-uncle; augusto de vasconcelos was his second cousin once removed.
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d92170fe4461a2c98d8895ea264f7ef01786a8ee
peyroteo subsequently moved back to angola, but returned
peyroteo subsequently moved back to angola, but returned eventually to portugal to coach the national team: after his second game, a 4–2 loss at minnows luxembourg for the 1962 fifa world cup qualifiers which brought young eusébio his first cap, he was relieved of his duties, and quit football altogether. after a veter...
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